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Gann – A Track Record That Made Millions Find Out How!
mythical trader W D Gann amassed a fortune of $50 million dollars in the first half of the last century, although he died in 1955, his commodity trading methods are nevertheless used today with dramatically success by savvy traders.
Here we will look at the basis of Gann’s method and why he was so successful and what you can learn from them.
Gann’s Trading Method
Gann’s trading method takes the emotion out of trading like all good methods it:
Liquidates losses quickly and keep up’s the longer-term profitable trends.
Gann’s method did just that and he had a track record that was truly dramatically.
Before we look at how Gann made money, lets take a look at some of his predictions.:
1. He expected improvements in business in 1921 and the Bull Run in stocks.
2. 1928 he forecasted the end of the Bull Market in stocks a complete year in improvement of the 1929 crash. He then bought stocks in the Dow at an all time low in 1932.
3. In 1935, of 98 trades in cotton, grain, and rubber, 83 trades showed a profit.
These trades were verified independently and followed from inception to conclusion .
Gann’s rare Method
Although Gann was a technical trader, he introduced concepts that were rare and nevertheless applicable today.
Because, he based his methods on the interaction between price and time.
Gann postulated that crucial price movements and consequently trend changes happened when price and time converged.
If price and time were not in union, then time was more important than price.
Time, was the ultimate indicator for trading, because as Gann stated all of character was governed by time.
In the “Wall Street Stock Selector” Gann stated:
“Just remember one thing, in any case has happened in the past in the stock market and Wall Street will happen again. Advances in bull markets will come in the future, and panics will come in the future, just as they have in the past. This is the working out of a natural law”
Gann’s work on price and time was not his only rare contribution to trading, he also used such concepts as Gann angles and The Fibonacci numbers ordern in his trading which were revolutionary at the time.
Gann produces a great quantity of work and his insight into trader psychology and his rare way of trading saw him make some dramatically gains in his trading career.
What You Can Learn From Gann
All traders would do well to study Gann’s rare and disciplined trading methods, as they can (and do) help predict important trend changes and trade them for profit.
Gann was a mythical trader and studying his methods will help you seek big profit possible. | <urn:uuid:df408799-eaa2-40c8-8760-57bd63cb352a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://insche.com/gann-a-track-record-that-made-millions-find-out-how/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.978981 | 603 | 1.757813 | 2 |
BURGOS – One of the most important finds of recent years was made on Friday at the Atapuerca site in Burgos, Spain. Researchers found the remains “of a partial face of a human.”
The remains are estimated to be about 1.4 million years old. Because of its age, the new human fossil found in the Sima del Elefante reveals what “the face of the first European man” must have looked like.
The origin of the face
The Minister of Culture of the Junta de Castilla y León, Gonzalo Santonja, attended the presentation of the remains. Several project leaders and other persons important to the site were also in attendance. Scientists have been debating the most coherent evolutionary model to explain the origin of the modern human face for several decades, thanks to discoveries in the Gran Doina cave. The oldest modern face recorded to date is of Homo antecessor and is estimated to be 850,000 years old. However, thanks to this new find at Atapuerca, progress can be made in finding the origin of our face.
One of the current excavation aims was to continue work on the upper part of the Sima del Elefante. This was started in 2021. More remains have been found here over the years than in the rest of the mountain.
It was one of the members of the investigation team, Edgar Téllez, who found several bones remaining in clay on June 30 in sector K29 of the Sima del Elefante. Subsequently, several specialists on the team cleaned and analysed those remains. It was then they were able to confirm they were a human upper jaw.
The human fossil of the Sima del Elefante was found about two metres below the lower jaw found in 2007. This was assigned to Homo sp, an indeterminate species due to a lack of conclusive data.
Therefore, the researchers explain that it is very likely that the new fossil is related to that jaw and that it belongs to one of the first populations to colonise Europe.
Human species of Sima del Elephante
“If so, we will finally be able to determine the identity of the human species of the Sima del Elefante. In addition, we will be able to make a detailed comparison between the new face found in the Sima del Elefante with that of Homo antecessor.” Named 25 years ago,” the archaeologists confirm.
Geological samples are currently being collected at the National Centre for Research on Human Evolution (CENIEH) in Burgos to estimate the age of this fossil.
Sima del Elephante
The Sima del Elefante, or Elefante Trench (TE) is an ancient creek formed in Cretaceous sandstone by an underground river in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos). Two human fossils have been discovered in this gorge. This is one of the oldest in Europe, dating back to more than 1.22 million years ago.
The Sima del Elefante belongs to the karst system of the Cueva Mayor de Atapuerca. As part of the Sierra de Atapuerca complex, it is a World Heritage Site.
Excavations began in 1992. In addition to human remains, processed bones of herbivores have been discovered, as well as about a hundred stone tools. The human fossils of the Sima del Elefante allow us to confirm the presence of humans in Europe during Calabria. | <urn:uuid:9b17a25c-932a-40ec-9bfd-5dc2fb4a7c6c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://inspain.news/remains-of-the-face-of-possibly-the-first-european-found-in-spain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.951139 | 736 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Or, on a bend Gules between two golpes a cannon of the field.
That for the regiments and separate battalions of the Army Reserve: On a wreath of the colors Or and Gules, the Lexington Minute Man Proper. The statue of the Minute Man, Captain John Parker (H.H. Kitson, sculptor), stands on the Common in Lexington, Massachusetts.
SPEED WITH ACCURACY.
Red and yellow are used for Artillery. The ancient artillery cannon further designates Artillery. The two purple roundles represent grapes, typical of the Rhineland and Central Europe, and symbolize the battle honors awarded the organization for service during World War II.
The crest is that of the United States Army Reserve.
The coat of arms was originally approved for the 745th Field Artillery Battalion, Organized Reserve Corps on 4 November 1952. It was redesignated for the 70th Regiment, Army Reserve, on 15 December 1959. | <urn:uuid:c83a98d0-ee19-43e2-b29c-701ec36ff3f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=4105&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00550-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934904 | 199 | 2.421875 | 2 |
You don’t have to be an art historian to be familiar with Mona Lisa. It’s the most famous painting in the world.
But why is this painting so popular? Maybe because it was painted by Leonardo da Vinci and maybe because of her mysterious smile.
It was painted in the early 16th century but it was made famous worldwide thanks to a daring burglary over 100 years ago. Vincenzo Peruggia was the man responsible for making the Mona Lisa what it is today.
Vincenzo Peruggia stole the Mona Lisa from the Louvre in 1911. He never thought that what he did would make this painting the most recognizable painting on the planet.
He was hired by the Louvre to make protective glass cases for some its most famous works, among them the Mona Lisa. He thought that Napoleon had stolen the painting from Italy a century ago, and as a real Italian patriot, he wanted to bring the picture to Italy where it “belonged.” In reality, Leonardo da Vinci sold the painting to Francis I when he moved to France in order to become a court painter.
After hiding in a closet overnight, Vincenzo Peruggia took the painting and hid it under his smock. He was ready to leave the Louvre when he discovered that the door was locked.
Peruggia tried to remove the doorknob, but he was still not able to open the door until a plumber that was passing by opened the door with his key.
It took more than 24 hours before anyone even noticed that the Mona Lisa was missing. There were no alarms at that time and only 200 guards watching over the 400 rooms in the Louvre .
After it was discovered that the painting was missing, the police got to work, and the museum was shut down for a week amid a scandal.
Before Peruggia stole the painting, the Mona Lisa was just one of the famous paintings in the world but after this the Mona Lisa left its competitors far, far behind. The painting was on the front pages of newspapers everywhere in the world.
The New York Times reported: “PARIS, Aug. 23. – All day anxious crowds have been stationed in front of the Louvre, vainly hoping to hear that Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” had been found hidden somewhere in the museum. Nothing is known so far as to the whereabouts of the picture, and public feeling has turned from incredulity to the greatest indignation.”
It was also said that “60 detectives seek the stolen Mona Lisa.”
Two years later, Peruggia contacted art experts in Italy about selling the painting. He hid the painting for two years in a trunk in his apartment. He was arrested and sentenced to seven months in jail. He claimed that he stole the painting to return it to her native Italy.Today Mona Lisa is the most famous painting in the world and attracts around 10 million visitors to the Paris museum every year.
Today, the Mona Lisa is the most famous painting in the world, and attracts around 10 million visitors to the Paris museum every year. | <urn:uuid:5c29c82e-c823-4c50-875b-278f07ca1a79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/10/28/how-vincenzo-peruggia-made-mona-lisa-the-most-famous-painting-in-the-world-by-stealing-it-from-the-louvre/?utm_source=penultimate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.985014 | 659 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Fossilised remains of the earliest known human ancestors to make the journey out of Africa suggest that our forebears still had many primitive ape-like features when they began exploring the globe.
The remains of an adolescent and three adults which are probably Homo erectus date from 1.77m years ago and were unearthed in Dmanisi in Georgia. But they retain several features of even earlier humans and used very primitive stone tools. "It tells us that our ancestors left Africa very early when they were still primitive, their brains were small and their body had ape-like features," said David Lordkipanidze at the Georgian National Museum in Tblisi.
When the hominids died, the region was much warmer than it is today, with a Mediterranean climate.
They were surrounded by dry savannah with a few trees and a lake and would have had to compete with sabre-toothed cats for food. The team report their research today in Nature.
Homo erectus evolved in Africa around 1.9m years ago and archaeologists once thought it did not leave the continent until 1m years ago. Finds at the Dmanisi site have shown that it left much earlier. | <urn:uuid:50b0aa35-3e45-4a0e-b533-33bcca57214b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.theguardian.com/science/2007/sep/20/1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00319-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987816 | 247 | 3.921875 | 4 |
They opened three virgin sites where ancestors of all species of modern tulips grew. Now tulip fields can be seen only on a photo. Employees of forest management say that didn't know about a Red Book plant. Ecologists claim: in a pursuit of quantity of the woods of economy don't pay attention to a ban.
In Nikolayevshchina forestry specialists started up three sites of the virgin steppe where the most rare endangered tulips grew under a plow. It were the cells of the primogenitor of modern grades of garden tulips largest in the region - Shrenka. Now the quantity of these wild-growing flowers in Nikolayevshchina is limited to tens. About it reports ICTV.
Zinoviy Petrovich, biologist: "On this site in three years ruin repeated. There was a powerful locality of a tulip of Shrenk. For today we see that from this locality where we counted 200 plants, today there were three plants".
The most rare species of a tulip is included in Red Lists at once several countries. For its destruction responsibility is provided. In management of forestry say that lawfully own sites where Shrenka grew. Forestry specialists didn't know about it.
Pyotr Palamaryuk, chief of the Nikolaev regional management of forestry: "Us had to warn. When early landing is conducted, whether then it isn't visible to eat a tulip or it isn't present".
Projects of a zalesneniye sign in ecology management. Here admit, destruction of the most rare plant simply missed. The scientist Ivan Moysiyenko at the request of the Kiev botanical garden investigated wild tulips in steppes of Ukraine. He saw destruction of a kind of Shrenk in Nikolayevshchina, in Lugansk, Zaporozhye and Kharkov areas.
Ivan Moysiyenko, Candidate of Biology: "Tulips disappear owing to thoughtless planting of the wood on steppe sites. There are small such ten-centimetric sprouts of a pine, in principle, which right there perish". | <urn:uuid:a97ebe77-70c5-49d4-83fb-42c3a7163a8c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://news.pn/en/politics/12305 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00538-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951631 | 441 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The Church of Divine Revelation and the Radiant Healing Center, in St. Catharines, Ontario, proposed that mystical realities shaped bodily and mental wellness. Receiving diagnoses and medical treatments from perceived disembodied beings, congregants in the 1920s and 1930s evoked the mystical origins of alternative medicine by envisioning health as a process through which spirit, mind and body coalesced. Female participants therefore were enabled to reject the label of pathology and heal themselves through the power of their minds. Uneasy with the label of paranormal or supernormal, members viewed their interactions as fulfilling rather than violating natural laws. In the process, spirits personified what Jeffrey Kripal has called “the sacred in transit” as they moved fluidly from the metaphysical to the physical. Crossing modern boundaries between faith and secular medicine, these St. Catharines spiritualists and the phantoms they envisioned reconceived the role of spirit as intervening in physical and mental processes.
- © 2014 by The Regents of the University of California | <urn:uuid:9bc989c7-1f8d-4443-8f5b-37a29a15d1be> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nr.ucpress.edu/content/18/1/16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00566-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95774 | 206 | 2.671875 | 3 |
It would not be that unfair to suggest that there is a greater degree of complacency surrounding health and safety issues in the office, compared to a building site environment.
Understandably, dangers and health hazards are all around you if you are working with heavy plant machinery and equipment and handling hazardous materials on a daily basis, but an office contains a number of hidden dangers that need to be addressed in order to keep everyone as safe as possible. An office job involves a lot of technology, such as computers and printers, alongside a large number of employees in a small, indoor space. Companies have to take measures to protect their staff in these circumstances, such as regularly having their air conditioning maintained by companies such as those found via expressplumbingnj.net/service-area/toms-river-hvac-services/, in order to keep the air fresh. Without doing this, health hazards could occur.
Companies like www.claimsdirect.co.uk handle compensation claims for workplace accidents and injuries on a regular basis. It is feasible to suggest that some of these incidents maybe could have been avoided with better health and safety awareness.
Slips, trips and falls
These are the three most common type of office injury recorded every year and according to the National Safety Council, office workers are actually 2.5 times more susceptible to a disabling than workers outside of this type of work environment.
Offices can quickly become cluttered with boxes, files and other items that can easily become a tripping hazard. Trailing wires and rugs that are not properly secured or positioned can soon become instrumental in causing someone to suffer a debilitating slip, trip or fall.
Injured while sitting
Whilst you need to address the obvious visible hazards and make sure that walkways are clear of clutter and items cleared away out of harm’s way, there is also the question of ergonomic injuries to address.
HSE guidelines on office safety cover a number of aspects and provide a useful office risk assessment tool to help your identify key issues and dangers.
Many reported injuries in an office setting are related to ergonomics. Office workers spend a large part of the day sitting at a desk and working on a computer, which leaves them vulnerable to strains and injuries, related to their posture and the use of repetitive movements.
You will need to not only tackle the hidden dangers that are near your desk, but deal with the elephant in the room too, which is the workstation itself, as it may be causing physical ailments and problems if the chairs, desks and computer equipment are not conducive to your good health.
Sick building syndrome
You may well have already heard of the term sick building syndrome, which is a collective term that refers to a variety of health-related symptoms that can affect office workers.
Indoor air pollution and problems with inadequate ventilation can contribute to a variety of health issues and symptoms. There are still ongoing studies into the effects of improper temperatures, poor humidity and even what effect the colour of the walls has on our physical and mental wellbeing. By investing in a good air conditioning system, perhaps fitted by a company like Service Legends, you can take more control over what you and your employees are breathing in. By visiting a companies repair website, such as https://www.servicelegends.com/services/ac-repair/, you can research into the best ways to maintain this system and how to make sure it is running smoothly, with the help of a professional company.
It is certainly an area of concern that needs to be addressed when you are considering health and safety in your office.
It is advisable to conduct a thorough risk-assessment that looks at all aspects of office safety from the suitability of the chairs to the quality of the air.
Thinking that your office is a low-risk environment would be a mistake, especially when you view the level of recorded accidents and incidents each year.
Louis Franklin works as a senior health and safety officer for a major retail chain. He also likes to share his insights experiences and tips online. His articles mainly appear on health, wellbeing and lifestyle blogs. | <urn:uuid:b3140a78-dec5-40c1-8c7d-34ed91697ac8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scotlandbiz.co.uk/office-safety-avoiding-the-hidden-dangers-near-your-desk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970867 | 840 | 2.3125 | 2 |
This follows on from Contouring (Definition).
This example (the body form is a replica of my body) is to show that how that using the Bodice Block (made for use with Sleeves) to make a garment with cutaway arms and/or low neckline willl result in gaping. As mentioned before, this will be a problem to a greater or lesser degree depending on your individual body.
In Figure 1, the white tape shows how the Bodice Block will fall from the neck, over the bust, down to the waist. (It would sit out a bit further from the waist than in the image).
This would be how a garment made with the Bodice Block, with a high neckline and sleeves, would sit on my body.
In Figure 2, the photo is taken on an angle that shows how much space there in between the tape (the fabric) and the body.
While this space is not an issue for a garment with a high neckline and sleeves, if a garment with a low neckline or cutaway arms was made with this block (and with no further adjustments), the result would be a lot of gaping, i.e. the garment would be loose in the neckline and armhole and therefore not fit well. (And also the armhole, but that is not so evident in this photo).
In order to create a garment with a low neckline, it is necessary to make some contouring adjustments.
Continued in Contour Markings (Gape Darts). | <urn:uuid:d949c72c-c865-4060-8089-e827a7132ef3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dresspatternmaking.com/principles/contouring/the-need-for-contouring-example | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.945636 | 315 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Can you imagine what a Tradie would do without a measuring tape?
If you’re in the building, plumbing or painting industry, having the right measurements is absolutely critical. Without the right measurements, doors and windows wouldn’t close, plumbing fittings would not match, steps would be crooked and dangerous, water wouldn’t flow the right direction in pipes… buildings would fall down.
Come to think of it, measurements are critical in every area of life… including business.
Most Tradies spend more time out on the job measuring up than measuring how their business is going. Looking at their business numbers is generally not high on their priority list, although I recommend it should be, and not just for Tradies.
Keeping track of and improving five critical measurements in your business can actually result in you needing to work less… a lot less… and make a lot more money… what a fantastic way of being rewarded when you’re paying attention to your business numbers!
So let me introduce you to the first two of these critical numbers now and I will get to the other three in Part 2 of this article.
Gross Profit in $ / Gross Margin %
Let’s say we’re talking about a Tradie, and let’s call him Bob… He’s started his business and is running some ads in the local paper and on Facebook. Things seem to be going okay. The inquiries come in. Bob manages to convert some inquiries into sales. And he finishes a few jobs.
Bob thinks things are going well… until… his wife goes to the bank… and there is NO MONEY.
The phone has been ringing. He’s been busy doing jobs – in fact so busy he’s hardly had time for his family (let alone himself). Where has all the money gone? Let’s see if the numbers can tell the story.
Has Bob been making enough Gross Profit? Has Bob been monitoring his gross margin?
To illustrate this scenario I am using the following example:
A Sales ($) 2000
B Cost of Goods / Direct Cost ($) 1500
C Gross Profit ($) 500 (A-B)
So by deducting the Cost of Goods / Direct Costs ($) from Sales ($), you arrive at the Gross Profit in dollars. Of course Bob will need to invest some of his gross profit into buying further materials to be able to do more jobs to earn more money. He understands that he needs to make enough money to purchase more materials AND feed his family.
The trouble is that he’s only looking at the gross profit on a job by job basis and since he’s got more than one job going at any one time Bob is bound to lose track of where he really sits on the percentage scale of his Gross Margin.
His Gross Margin (%) in this example is calculated to be 25.00%, ie 100 x (C/A)
Does he now have enough money in the bank for his wife to be able to meet all household expenses? Not quite. That’s where the second critical number comes in.
Most people understand that Markup in business is what defines the profit margin further. Markup is calculated by using this formula: (A-B)/B, and in our example, it equals 33.33%.
So how much Markup can Bob place on his services or materials to increase his bottom line? The answer is partly determined by market conditions but also by the kind of clients Bob is helping with his business. Most importantly, however, Bob would want to know his Gross Profit in dollars before making a decision on how much Markup he should apply on his Sales, which could be either labour/service cost or the sale price of materials and other goods he needs to provide services to his customers.
In order to know how much gross profit Bob makes overall in a month and then work out what his gross margin percentage is, Bob needs to keep track of his business numbers, what he spends on material costs and what he makes on labour. Whether he does it himself or gets some help from his wife or an external bookkeeper, Bob really needs to document his transactions in a timely way.
Bob can do one other thing to learn whether he has a profitable business: he can look at benchmarks from other businesses in his industry. However, for that, he would also need to know what the real figures in his business are to make a comparison. As you can see, from little things big things grow.
When Bob starts documenting his critical business numbers he can then create a budget and cash flow forecast. Armed with this information he can begin to have more certainty regarding his business’ income. Bob’s wife would be pleased immensely and Bob would have peace of mind instead of sleepless nights pondering how he can make the business work better.
Please Note: Many of the comments in this article are general in nature and anyone intending to apply the information to practical circumstances should seek professional advice to independently verify their interpretation and the information’s applicability to their particular circumstances. Copyright © 2017 Robert Bauman. | <urn:uuid:c2f02964-29d2-465f-9814-ce7888c93914> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tradiesadvantage.com.au/5-critical-numbers-business-part-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.974168 | 1,059 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Ajivika, an ascetic sect that emerged in India about the same time as Buddhism and Jainism and that lasted until the 14th century; the name may mean “following the ascetic way of life.” It was founded by Goshala Maskariputra (also called Gosala Makkhaliputta), a friend of Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara (“Ford-maker,” i.e., saviour) of Jainism. His doctrines and those of his followers are known only from Buddhist and Jain sources, which state that he was lowborn and died after a quarrel with Mahavira shortly before the Buddha died.
The sect’s opponents portrayed Ajivika as professing total determinism in the transmigration of souls, or series of rebirths. Whereas other groups believed that an individual can better his or her lot in the course of transmigration, the Ajivikas supposedly held that the affairs of the entire universe were ordered by a cosmic force called niyati (Sanskrit: “rule” or “destiny”) that determined all events, including an individual’s fate, to the last detail and that barred personal efforts to change or accelerate improvement toward one’s spiritual destiny. As a result of this static and melancholy view of the human condition, the Ajivikas practiced austerities rather than pursue any purposeful goal.
After a period of acceptance during the reign of the Mauryan dynasty (3rd century bce), the sect declined, although followers lived on until the 14th century in the region that became the modern state of Mysore. Some later Ajivikas worshipped Goshala as a divinity, and the tenet of niyati developed into the doctrine that all change was illusory and that everything was eternally immobile. | <urn:uuid:3ef735e4-7701-4a83-b255-37d01e55db21> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ajivika | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00065-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977756 | 395 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Hanover has a population of 8,162 and is located in Grafton county.
For New Hampshire residents, the average tuition for all Hanover psychology schools for the 2009 - 2010 school year was $38,445.00. For non-residents, the average tuition for Hanover psychology schools was $38,445.00.
The average cost of books and supplies for psychology schools in Hanover is $1,618.00. Students have a choice of one psychology college in Hanover to attend. 69 students were reported to have graduated from psychology programs in Hanover in the 2008 - 2009 school year.
|Profession||Average Salary||Number Employed in City|
|Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists||$69,600.00||40| | <urn:uuid:40bdabee-fea0-4639-a424-d0a31df41355> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.unixl.com/dir/psychology/new-hampshire/hanover/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00017-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95961 | 163 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Amanda – this one is comin’ at cha!
“Amanda – this one is comin’ at cha! YUMMO!” Read full tasting note
“This is a fabulous Oolong – quite different, but then again, so similar. It almost tastes like a cross between a Formosa Oolong and a high grown Ceylon. I started out with some strong...” Read full tasting note
“Complex flavours of apricot, honey, bitterness, and flowers. Very different and interesting. Definitely enjoyed it, but it resembles a black tea more than an oolong.” Read full tasting note
Oolong teas, aka wulong or black dragon, are made from large leaves that are produced in the late Spring. Unlike other types of tea that contain the top leaves and the buds of the bush, oolong teas are large well formed leaves that will sometimes also contain the stem of the bush. Oolongs differ from green, black and white teas by the method of processing and are the most labor intensive tea to produce. Each type of Oolong varies in the percentage of oxidation and the method in which it is processed (some are twisted, tippy leaves, some are cut, some are rolled into small balls).
Kenya, a country in East Africa, is known worldwide for its wildlife reserves, its lofty mountain peaks, and the high quality offerings from the country’s tea gardens and coffee plantations. For the past 10 years or so, Kenya tea producers have been focusing on more orthodox production methods to create high quality large leaf style teas. This tea is a relative newcomer to the Oolong tea market. It is grown in the Central Province District of Kirinyaga, where the rich earth and moderate climatic conditions help the plants to thrive.
The tippy, brown-black, medium sized leaves brew to a golden cup with an earthy aroma and a fresh, bold, slightly citral flavor.
Brew tea at 175-180º – steep for 3 minutes. Try multiple infusions (let the tea steep for approximately 15 seconds longer on each subsequent infusion).
Company description not available.
kenya oolongStaufs Coffee Roasters
Kenya - Purple OolongEducational TTB 2
Kenya Oolong KangaitaStash Tea Company
KenyaWhittard of Chelsea
KenyaEmpire Tea Services
KenyaThe Tea Lab
This is a fabulous Oolong – quite different, but then again, so similar. It almost tastes like a cross between a Formosa Oolong and a high grown Ceylon. I started out with some strong apricot-peach tones, and then as I continued to sip (and I’m on my combination of infusions five and six now), I taste hints of citrus-y tones too, and there is a hint of flower in the background. A wonderful Oolong – I love it. | <urn:uuid:bc1e814b-4ccc-4607-8d9d-b61ab3302b1e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://steepster.com/teas/simpson-and-vail/21482-kenya-oolong?page=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00574-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915027 | 622 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) suggest ‘recommendations’ on how to properly source minerals in conflict-related supply chains. Will companies actually adhere to these ‘recommendations’ and can they impact real change?
The OECD recommendations
The OECD recommends that companies implement their own supply chain policies to ensure corporate oversight and responsibility, as well as accountability. There are five primary recommendations: to establish strong company management systems, identify and assess risk in the supply chain, design and implement a strategy to respond to identified risks, carry out independent third-party audit of supply chain due diligence at identified points in the supply chain, and report on supply chain due diligence.
Some degree of this is dependent on what they call ‘a company-level grievance system,’ where anybody involved in the supply chain report unlawful or unethical practices to the company or an external body.
This ensures that ethical violations cannot be hidden by lack of policy or through internal measures.
Many companies deal in 3TG (Tungsten, Tin, Tantalum and Gold, the four primary conflict minerals) as well as cobalt. This means that governance in the supply chain should be a priority. The problem, at its core, is that some of these companies remove themselves from responsibility when it comes to their minerals sourcing, by identifying themselves as too far down the supply chain to responsible.
Others like Apple, for example, despite being at the end point of their logistics chain, take responsibility and accountability for their supply chains. Apple does this by incentivising responsible and community mining practices, as well as rehabilitating habitats, such as in their ‘Salmon Gold‘ program.
How will this motivate companies?
As more companies adhere to these recommendations, others will follow. Companies will (and many already do) source ethically and sustainably not only out of moral responsibility, but because it improves their reputation and allows them to advertise on a public level that they responsibly source their minerals. In the long term, this can also mean increased value and profit. Therefore, responsibly sourcing helps companies on more than one level.
Responsible sourcing needs to be a core policy in supply chain management to ensure the longevity of the mining industry in general. At Blockhead, we’re creating blockchain-enabled software to make this even easier. Blockchain ensures permanence, transparency and easy auditability. | <urn:uuid:7339fd6f-8e1d-457e-8b82-c3c70f8d2f2b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blockheadtechnologies.com/this-is-how-the-oecd-recommendations-can-ensure-responsible-mineral-sourcing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.95038 | 491 | 2 | 2 |
Twenty-five percent of Black households lack access to enough food to build a healthy lifestyle, according to Feeding America's "Map the Meal Gap" study.
The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as all people having access at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life.
African-American households are twice as likely to face food insecurity than white, non-Latino homes. Of the 104 U.S. counties with a majority Black population, 92 percent of them have food insecurity. Most of these counties are concentrated in Southern states such as Mississippi, Alabama, Virginia, Georgia and Louisiana.
The government's WIC and SNAP programs help feed millions of hungry households in the U.S. WIC is the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children. The program helps nearly 9 million people monthly obtain nutritious foods, nutrition counseling and referrals to health care and social services.
SNAP provides nutritional assistance to millions of eligible, low-income individuals and families. House Republicans on Thursday voted to cut $39 billion in funding from the food stamp program, a change that would affect 4 million Americans in the next decade. The president is expected to veto the bill.
Politics aside, the solutions to hunger would not be hard to implement, according to Joel Berg, the executive director of the New York City Coalition Against Hunger. Berg says it would take $30 billion to $35 billion to solve a problem that costs the U.S. government $167.5 billion a year.
Berg, 48, has advocated against poverty and for social justice issues since he was 14 and served eight years on the Clinton administration, working on hunger issues. He recently spoke to BET.com about the many causes of hunger in the African-American community, the long-term effects it has on children and what we can all do to help those in need.
BET.com: Could you speak on the reasons why African-Americans are disproportionately affected by food insecurity?
Joel Berg: There’s no question that African-Americans are disproportionately in poverty and since the main cause of hunger is poverty, if a population is more likely to be poor, they’re more likely to be hungry and food insecure.
When people are relatively poor and aggregate, they’re less likely to afford healthier food, they’re less likely to be able to afford health care, and therefore they’re more hungry. They’re more likely, ironically, to become obese because they have less healthy food options they can afford. And they’re less likley to be healthy and more likely to miss work or not be able to find a job, or keep a job, because of their health. So it is a sort of vicious cycle.
For children specifically, how does food insecurity affect them in the long-term?
There’s no question that nutrition impacts the health of a fetus and the health of a baby at birth.
And I challenge politicians who claimed to be pro-life to stop cutting WIC, which has actually saved babies from dying. Let’s get real. So it starts in the womb and it continues to birth. Malnourished kids are less likely to be healthy. They’re less likely to have proper brain growth. They’re less likely to have proper growth of the body. We have a boatload of evidence [that] they’re less likely to do well in school. I’ll give you my two rhymes for the day, “Schools must be fueled. To be read you must be well fed.” My Dr. Seuss moment there.
And so my long answer is the level of food insecurity that we have in America has a devastating impact on every single component of society. That’s why the Center for America in Progress concluded that hunger costs our society $167.5 billion a year in lost cost to our economy.
So it would be cheaper to just make sure everyone’s fed, basically?
We could easily end hunger in a year for $30 to $35 billion. So they could increase food purchasing power for low-income people. Now some of that could be higher wages, some of that could be increased food stamps or WIC benefits but to solve a problem that costs us $167 billion a year with $30 or $35 billion, it seems to me, that’s a pretty big deal.
How can businesses help in the fight against food security?
The number one thing businesses can do is create jobs and make sure they pay a living wage. Two, food companies can certainly donate food. Lastly, they too can use our hunger volunteer website to engage their employees in more effective ways to fight hunger.
What can everyday people do, especially those who do have time and money to help this cause?
I think that people should act both with their heads and their hearts. A lot of people only sort of act with their hearts and they really ought to think logically about this. Food drives are extraordinarily inefficient. They take a lot of money to buy these cans when in fact, you get a lot more money if you donate money to a feeding organization or they just buy wholesale, that’s number one.
Number two, we want people to do something more effective to raise money, not food. We want people, if they have accounting skills, to help a small pantry kitchen get their accounting in order. If they have Web design skills, help agencies design Webs. If they have PR skills, help improve the newsletter or help get media for some of these groups. If you have a nutrition background, teach nutrition, education, the legal background, a lot of small non-profits really need people. Have more people consider serving on boards of small non-profits. They want people to volunteer to help people get food stamps benefits and volunteer projects to help kids get some meals.
And they want people to engage in policy that’s constantly being contemplated by Congress now, which would dramatically increase hunger in America. The American political system’s actually pretty responsive to the pressure. Most of the time when they get away with the warped things they do it’s because the public is lying down or ignoring them [issues], but when people fight back, they can make a real difference.
What needs to happen to see the country not be impacted by hunger?
I think they need to raise the minimum wage. I think we need a New Deal jobs program. Again, I know that there are many unemployed white people and there are many wealthy African-Americans. That being said, there’s no question the unemployment rate in the African-American community is particularly high. The unemployment rate is particularly high for young African-American men and I just think we need a major jobs program including the AmeriCorps National Service Program, which you may be familiar with, that President Bill Clinton started and President Obama expanded, which allows people to pay for college by serving their communities. That should be dramatically expanded. The education award should be dramatically increased.
Anything else you would like to add?
There’s a recent study that 90 percent of all African-Americans at some point in their family history will access the SNAP program and yet many, many folks who have done so have become incredibly successful in life, corporate executives, doctors, lawyers, entertainers, athletes. In fact, President Obama is the first president in history whose family at one point got SNAP benefits. He wasn’t living there at the time but his mother, who was a nursing student, did get SNAP benefits.
And so the notion we’re pushing is that people make it on SNAP and it’s a temporary help to get people back on their feet. We all need help from the government sometimes.
What are the options for someone living with food insecurity?
If they qualify as low income, they should definitely apply for the SNAP program and call 1-866-3-HUNGRY or 1-866-348-6479 to learn how to apply to some of these programs.
The New York City Coalition Against Hunger has a program called Ending Hunger Through Citizen Service and the website hungervolunteer.org, which provides more information for you or your organization to learn how to take action in the fight against hunger and food insecurity.
BET National News - Keep up to date with breaking news stories from around the nation, including headlines from the hip hop and entertainment world. Click here to subscribe to our newsletter.
(Photo: Mario Tama/Getty Images) | <urn:uuid:3aa2712d-e60f-4e41-9ad1-009e67feb1fc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.bet.com/news/national/2013/09/20/solutions-for-food-insecurity-and-ending-hunger-in-america.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719215.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00200-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966168 | 1,771 | 3.34375 | 3 |
How to Use or Modify the htaccess configuration file
CAREFUL! AN INCORRECT CONFIGURATION OF .HTACCESS FILES CAN RENDER YOUR WEB SITE INACESSIBLE
What is the .htaccess file?
The .htaccess file is a configuration file that can be used to modify the default configuration of your website's web server. If such a file exists, it is read by the server before each access via the HTTP or HTTPS protocol. The .htaccess file can be used to configure page or domain redirections, block certain IPs from your website, or enable certain types of caching.
How can I modify the .htaccess file?
One of the simplest ways is by using the File Manager, in your cPanel.
- Click on File Manager
- At the top right, click on Settings and ensure Show Hidden Files (dotfiles) is checked
- Click on the folder containing your website, or any folder you wish to affect. In most cases, this will be the public_html folder.
- If the .htaccess file already exists, you'll see it in the files view. Click on it and click on Edit in the top menu. If a dialog box asking you to confirm the encoding of the file pops up, simply click Edit again to continue. If you don't see an .htaccess file in the folder containing your website, you can create one bu clicking on +File in the top menu (remember to name it .htaccess).
- Make the changes you want to your .htaccess file, then save the file.
- You've just modified your .htaccess file! Make sure you test your changes. All it takes is one small error in this file to render your website completely inoperable. In case of errors, you can always disable your .htaccess file by simply renaming it (for example, to .htaccess.old)
If you prefer, you can also create the file with Notepad or any other application that can write documents in pure text (not Microsoft Word) and save it with the name ".htaccess" (no quotation marks) on your local workstation. You then need to transfer the file to the server via FTP, with a software such as FileZilla. The .htaccess file must be placed in the folder containing the HTML/PHP/other pages you want it to affect. It is important to note that the .htaccess file will affect all files in the folder and its subfolders, unless another .htaccess file exists in that subfolder.
Contents and syntax
Here are some articles explaining the .htaccess file:
Article ID: #HC5022 | <urn:uuid:d3c86db0-7d4e-464a-8576-7e6f1717c170> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://clients.whc.ca/en/knowledgebase/93/How-to-Use-or-Modify-the-htaccess-configuration-file.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.848343 | 559 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Meet the Tugs — a team of 27 robots now zooming around the hallways of the new University of California-San Francisco hospital at Mission Bay. They look a bit like R2D2, dragging a platform around behind them. Instead of drones, think of them more as little flatbed trucks, ferrying carts of stuff around the vast hospital complex — food, linens, medications, medical waste and garbage. And they do it more efficiently than humans.
“This one is going up to one of the floors. It’s carrying meals that were ordered in probably the last 20 minutes,” said Dan Henroid, who is in charge of this elite fleet, as he pointed to a robot motoring by him.
Henroid, who is also director of nutrition and food services for the USCF Medical Center, says each Tug travels about 35 miles each day. Over the past year, they have made more than 157,000 trips through the hospital.
Henroid said no one in the hospital has lost a job to the robots. UCSF was in the midst of a hiring spree for the new hospital, and the Tugs allowed him to hire about 30 fewer workers than he would have otherwise.
He added that the robots are really just carting things from one point to another, something most humans would not find particularly rewarding. “The Tug has a job to do, and it’s sort of a thankless job. So, I think, better to have a robot doing it, perhaps, than a human.”
But not everyone in the hospital is such a big fan of the Tugs.
“I think they’re helpful. I think they’re also kind of a pain,” said Mardi Thompson, a nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit. “I’ve seen them run into computers; I’ve seen them run into glass doors; I’ve seen them run into each other.” Sometimes, she said, two Tugs get stuck near the nurses’ station, each one waiting for the other to pass. The nurses call that a “Tug of war.”
She says over the past year, the robots have gotten better. But for Thompson, there’s still the issue of jobs.
“Definitely there are jobs lost, which is kind of interesting to me because with the economy the way it is, you’d think people need jobs. And then we have these robots doing them,” said Thompson.
Overall, the Tug program has cost UCSF about $6 million, including the changes required to hospital infrastructure to accommodate the robots. But Henroid said they have still saved the hospital money. “The cost of transporting materials and supplies waste is an overhead cost. So the more you can do you that efficiently, the less cost you have,” he explained.
About 120 hospitals throughout the U.S. are using Tugs, according to manufacturer Aethon in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
For some departments, such as the bustling hospital kitchen where the Tugs pick up carts loaded with trays of food and drop off dirty dishes, employees have eagerly adopted their automated co-workers. “In nutrition food services, we named all of ours for fruit — so we have Apple, Pear, Blueberry, Orange and Grape,” explained Henroid.
The Tugs are kind of cute, but also a little unnerving, as they shuttle past other hospital workers like they own the joint. Each one is carefully programmed to stay out of the way, said Henroid, but sometimes it feels as if one could mow down a bystander.
In a moment of bravery, a visitor decided to step in a Tug’s path. It headed straight for her, but stopped suddenly a safe distance away.
Henroid seemed pleased: “You have faith! See, it stopped 2 feet away from you. You thought it was gonna run into you.” The Tugs have sensors along their base that can tell if anything is in their way.
The robots have very little contact with patients. They mostly stay in the hallways or nurses’ stations, where human workers pick up their goods and deliver them to patients in person. When the kids in the children’s hospital catch a glance, however, it’s quite a scene.
Medical-surgical unit coordinator Michael Eckenrode pointed out a half dozen plastic toy vehicles nearby, including a cab and a bike.
The children like to climb aboard and ride them around the unit. “When the robots come the kids start screaming ‘Robots’ and they follow them down the hall. And it goes down around the corner and opens the elevator and gets on by itself. So that’s like a magic thing for them,” said Eckenrode.
Rogelio Diaz-Ramirez, an adorable three-year-old, was in the hospital with a lung infection, but he couldn’t stop smiling at just the thought of seeing a robot for the first time.
“We’re going to search for a robot!” said nurse Sonia Salinas in Spanish, as she took Rogelio’s hand and led him through the hallway.
Salinas spotted a Tug coming down the corridor. “Robot! Come on! Run, Run!” she told Rogelio.
When he caught up, Rogelio looked awestruck. Salinas showed him how to press the big green and red buttons on top that make the Tug go and stop. Until it’s time for the Tug to attend to its next assignment.
“Say Goodbye. Goodbye, Tuggy!” she told him. “Adios!” said Rogelio with a wave.
This story was produced in collaboration with APM’s Marketplace. | <urn:uuid:9729437a-ce24-492f-a6e8-913efdf88fcf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://khn.org/news/r2d2s-next-assignment-hospital-orderly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.969719 | 1,244 | 2.359375 | 2 |
EPJ Web Conf.
Volume 248, 2021V International Conference “Modeling of Nonlinear Processes and Systems“ (MNPS-2020)
|Number of page(s)||5|
|Section||Workshop on Advanced Materials Processing and Smart Manufacturing|
|Published online||26 April 2021|
Effect of Geometrical Parameter Cutting Edge on the Toroidal Forming Surface of a Solid End Mill
Dept. of Cutting Tools and Shaping Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, RU-127055, Moscow, Russia;
2 Dept. of High-Efficiency Processing Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, RU-127055, Moscow, Russia
3 Lab. of Micromachining Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, RU-127055, Moscow; Russia;
4 Center of Cognitive Technologies and Machine Vision, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, RU-127055, Moscow; Russia;
* email@example.com; phone +74999729520
Published online: 26 April 2021
Solid end mill with a toroidal forming section are the most productive solutions in the field of processing difficult-to-process materials. The process of forming the cutting geometry of such cutters is performed on grinding machines with CNC with the use of abrasive grinding wheels. The formation of the cutting edge on the toroidal section is carried out by discrete movements of the working bodies of the machine in accordance with the control program. The disadvantage of the stepper drive used in CNC machines is the limited discreteness of the described trajectory resulted in the loss of accuracy when forming radius, arc, spherical and toroidal sections. Loss of accuracy in the formation of elements of the working geometry of a solid end mill can negatively affect the tool life, and the structural strength of the joints of the transition of working surfaces. The study is aimed at identifying the necessary and sufficient number of points that describe the spatial shape of the cutting edge with acceptable loss of accuracy.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2021
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while. | <urn:uuid:bff0367d-c76f-4d75-b5f3-25dab478c1ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.epj-conferences.org/articles/epjconf/abs/2021/02/epjconf_mnps2021_04012/epjconf_mnps2021_04012.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.836321 | 644 | 1.992188 | 2 |
L-3's Military Code (M-Code) GPS has received government security certification.
The certification was awarded under the Air Force Military GPS User Equipment program, which is led by the Space and Missile Systems Center's GPS Directorate.
M-Code GPS features improved anti-jamming technology and the ability to operate in contested environments.
"We are pleased to be the first [Department of Defense] contractor to complete security certification for our new M-Code GPS User Equipment,” L-3 CEO Michael Strianese said in a company news release. “L-3 is ahead of the technology curve, and we are delivering critical innovations that have significant applications inside DoD markets and on several U.S. Army initiatives."
The certification review was performed by an independent government review team, with a focus on the security design of the L-3 GPS User Equipment.
The goal of these new security standards is to further protect the integrity of the navigation and timing solutions and provide required safeguards for critical information inside GPS User Equipment.
Work on this project will be done by L-3 Interstate Electronics Corporation, which is part of the Precision Engagement & Training sector within L-3’s Electronic Systems business segment. | <urn:uuid:45cd79c5-aee0-439b-8e41-99b73346a4c8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.c4isrnet.com/articles/l-3-gps-eeceives-security-certification | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00483-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952331 | 250 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Is there a specific name for this kind of door? Just curious, since I am having a hard time finding them online.. or are they just entry doors? Regarding the door between the house and the garage, all that is necessary is to install a door that meets the separation requirements. To meet separation requirements, the door must be one of three types of doors: 1. (Are the hinges non-removable in this type of door?
We’ve unheated garages, so all doors between house and garage have weatherstripped jambs and heads, and sweeps or gaskets between bottom and threshold. In the garage, there are two door types; there is the door that goes from the inside of the garage to the outside yard, this is just a regular exterior door you can buy easily. Then you have the door that goes from inside the garage to inside the house, this door is special, and it’s called a fire door. Saw this exterior grade door with thermal pane glass as the door leading from the house to the garage. I just doubt you will find a 20 minute rated door with glass like that – but I have not seen all the different kinds of doors, so there may be one out there.
An attached garage is a garage that is physically attached to a house. Doors. The 2006 edition of the International Residential Code (IRC) states the following concerning doors that separate garages from living areas:. We know about which kind of door we need, but not sure of the inswing or outswing. Along with this and the potential for CO build up within the garage, code requires that the garage be separated from the dwelling unit and attic. 1 3/8 thick, or 20-minute fire-rated doors, equipped with a self-closing device.
What Door Is Needed Between House And Garage?
Is there a code for installing a fire door from garage to house? An hour plus search and I still just don’t know! Thanks. And all of those type doors are fire-rated. Kill 2 birds with one stone. There’s a door between the garage and house. What level of security do people usually give this door? What kind of lock do I need. What are the requirements for fitting a fire door from a utility room in to a garage in a private property please. I have one just fitted by builders and I. I am considering installing a fire door from the hallway of my coach house to integral adjoining garage. I am also considering putting wall insulation along the whole garage wall to help with insulation as wall currently not insulated and is breeze block type construction. The easiest point of entry into a property is the garage door: once in there, a potential thief is under cover and invisible to everyone so they can work away merrily at the inner door with no fear of being seen. Garage doors are a key to enhancing curb appeal and can have a big impact on your home’s value. Swing-out carriage-house doors or sliding barn doors are a good choice if you need to keep the ceiling clear or if you want their distinctive look. Above is a cropped picture of our first floor house plan.
Attached Garage Fire Containment
If the garage has no ceiling, the firewall between the house and garage must extend from the floor all the way up to the underside of the roof deck. This includes the door into the house. The service door between an attached garage and a house must be self-closing as a protection against fire. Here’s a simple way to add a closer to the door and bring your house up to code. Most new garage doors are made of steel backed by rigid-foam insulation. Panels made of 24-ga. All About Garage Doors. No longer an afterthought, they’re stronger, more weathertight, and brimming with character. The experts at This Old House help you pick a new garage door to complement your home.
Carriage House Steel Garage Door Models offer the look of swinging stable doors with the durability of steel. How long your door will last, what kind of punishment it can take, or even how much annual maintenance it will require is strongly determined by the material used to make the door. Attached garage firewall is a separation wall between the house and an attached garage. Painting Our Garage Doors A Richer, Deeper Color Young House Love. I check to see what color their front doors are, or what kinds of flowers they are planting. | <urn:uuid:74ab2fb8-4606-4734-8a56-0f922bf01221> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dontrushthestage.com/what-kind-of-door-from-house-to-garage-sample-plans-pdf/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00479-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938383 | 918 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Scrabble word: ANYONS
In which Scrabble dictionary does ANYONS exist?
Definitions of ANYONS in dictionaries:
- noun - a subatomic particle
There are 6 letters in ANYONS: A N N O S Y
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to ANYONS
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word ANYONS plus a wildcard: ANYONS?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word ANYONS
Images for ANYONS
SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the game are owned by respective owners in the U.S.A and Canada and the rest of the world. Anagrammer.com is not affiliated with Scrabble. This site is an educational tool and resource for Scrabble & Words With Friends players. | <urn:uuid:8ead97ec-2c9d-4568-bc42-4e7a693acf64> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.anagrammer.com/scrabble/anyons | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00486-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916412 | 231 | 2.484375 | 2 |
By Anna Patty Education Editor
THE first Higher School Certificate exam yesterday prompted students to discuss one of the most controversial issues of the federal election, the Government's Work Choices legislation.
Stan Rikhter, of South Sydney High School, said he was surprised to find himself writing about his views on the campaign against unions as part of the Industrial Technology exam.
He said the question, which asked students about "the impact of government legislation on employees", was neutral, but hard to answer "because we are still kids".
The federal Minister for Education, Julie Bishop, said it was "another example of Labor and the unions making clumsy attempts at indoctrinating students with left-wing ideologies".
"It is absolutely inappropriate for a teacher to use the HSC to push personal political agendas," she said. "Students face enough pressure with these important end-of-school examinations without having to deal with blatant political bias."
Her NSW counterpart, John Della Bosca, said HSC examination papers were set by the Board of Studies, which was independent. He said the question canvassed views about a range of laws. "I'm sure Work Choices was top of mind for many young students, because it's been designed to lower their wages, but I assume the best answer would include a range of other laws."
Stan said he wrote about unions having a long history of fighting for fairness.
Stan, who hopes to become a pilot, said he found the 1½-hour exam challenging because there seemed to be more questions to complete than in last year's paper.
Kristina Welch, 18, the only girl at South Sydney High studying Industrial Technology, said the paper was fair. "I was prepared for most of it but there were a few questions that threw me," she said.
Kristina said she didn't talk about Work Choices, but mentioned Australia Workplace Agreements and how they could "affect workers' pay, rights and benefits".
English standard and advanced paper one, English as a second language, Music.
HSC Advice Line 131 112
A record 67,189 students will sit the HSC this year.
Final exam: Business Services on November 13. | <urn:uuid:0f85769b-510a-487a-b68b-9ee3df30cd1d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.smh.com.au/national/hsc-puts-spotlight-on-work-choices-20071019-gdrdq1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.983475 | 457 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Frameworks & Approaches
Frameworks & Approaches describe popular ways to gather and make sense of data.
Organisations and individuals grow in the direction of what they repeatedly ask questions about and focus their attention on.
The purpose of Appreciative Inquiry is therefore to build on the root causes of success – not of failure, to build on our strengths – not our weaknesses.
David Cooperrider – founder of Appreciative Inquiry
Appreciative Inquiry – A Learning Clip
HOW IT WORKS
Appreciative Inquiry (AI) is both a planning and evaluation tool that focuses on strengths and assets rather than problems and deficits in a community, organisation or programme.
It follows four steps:
- DISCOVER: Identify processes that work well and make positive progress.
- DREAM: Envision processes and action that would create even better futures.
- DESIGN: Plan and prioritise actions.
- DESTINY (or DEPLOY): Implement the proposed design.
LOCAL CASE STUDY
Explore a local example of Appreciative Inquiry being used to help a local community organisation evaluate how effective their outreach programmes have been.
Aotearoa New Zealand
The cycle repeats as new discoveries are made through reflection on what has changed and what seems to be working well.
AI seeks to uncover the best of what a community, programme or organisation is currently doing, by interviewing participants.
The interviews encourage participants to examine what is good about their current situation and explore what works well within the community or programme.
Data from those interviews helps construct a plan to enrich the community or improve the programme by building on what already works and what is already considered to be successful.
- Creates energy and motivation.
- Engaging, powerful, uplifting.
- Can be transformative by focusing on strengths rather than problems.
- Well proven in a diverse range of contexts.
- Compatible with Kaupapa Māori approaches.
- Critics say AI focuses only on the strengths and positive aspects of a community, person or organisation so it may make decisions based on an unbalanced understanding of the issues.
- People may feel that their problems and issues are being minimised.
- AI is a holistic approach to development, including planning, action and reflection – so if you’re just looking for an evidence-gathering approach or to evaluate, this may not be appropriate as it requires a commitment to the whole cycle. | <urn:uuid:d770a8fc-b28c-429d-b5d0-e2922f530f5d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whatworks.org.nz/appreciative-inquiry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.910311 | 536 | 2.75 | 3 |
|Bruce Mitchell has a secret. Despite his abundant lifestyle, he has less than $100 in the bank. AmEx has cut him off. To avoid creditors, he has stopped answering his phone.
“I’m so embarrassed,” Bruce admits to the author.
Though aware he is not alone in his financial struggles, Bruce understands his particularly good fortune. Rather than face layoffs, he and his wife are employed. Rather than battle disabilities, they are both healthy.
“I’m willing to make changes, Michael. You just gotta help me keep my house—I have three kids,” Bruce pleads.
Why is Bruce’s family a financial mess? Like many others, they simply spend more than they make. More than 60% of all Americans live paycheck to paycheck—a phenomenon that predates our current economic malaise. That’s more than 60 million households just one missed payday from significant financial problems.
Although 42% of those living paycheck to paycheck think a $500 increase in monthly income would solve their financial problems, an astonishing 30% of those earning over $100,000 a year still live paycheck to paycheck. This includes the Mitchells, evidence that people at all income levels struggle to save.
The Savings Solution will be the first book to demonstrate ten fundamental saving strategies, enabling you to achieve control of your financial futures without obsessively micromanaging your everyday expenses. Countless books provide endless lists of specific ways to cut spending. Many more provide theoretical ways to make more money through side-jobs, passive investments, and entrepreneurship. But only The Savings Solution provides a realistic framework empowering you to thrive on your existing income. You will receive the tools, tips, and critical strategies necessary to create your personal version of financial success.
The Savings Solution is the first book to:
- Provide the motivation necessary to financially succeed at any age via an easy-to-understand explanation of the miracle of compounding interest. (You can access the book’s companion web site for personalized motivation.)
- Comprehensively discuss the Ten Savings Strategies, from the importance of an emotional connection to the thankful reality that constant budgeting isn’t required and is often counter-productive.
- Describe the empowering tools you can use to increase your ability to save in your everyday life. Categories will include financial software, financial blogs, online savings tools, and financial institutions.
- Emphasize the importance of financial balance in life.
- Challenge you to look past the common misconception that your primary opportunity to save is the overhyped micromanagement of your daily spending (e.g., coupon clipping, latte cutbacks).
- Enable you to live a happy, financially comfortable life by focusing on truly major expenses, such as when and how to buy a car or a home. You will learn how to save thousands of dollars a few times a decade – not how to obsessively and dishearteningly hunt for a few cents of savings every few hours.
- Demonstrate the difference between being cheap and being fiscally responsible.
By providing the how-to while emphasizing the can-do, The Savings Solution changes lives and is the must-have savings resource for this economy and those that will surely follow. | <urn:uuid:72748bdf-c81c-4578-a040-5ec4469ef129> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://totalcandor.com/the-savings-solution.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.932848 | 675 | 1.6875 | 2 |
I am sure that most of my readers have heard that George Williams has passed away. Williams, for those of you who are unfamiliar with him, was one of the giants of evolutionary biology. His book Adaptation and Natural Selection is one of the must read classics in the field – and certainly one anthropologists of all stripes should be read. His paper Pleiotropy, Natural Selection, and the Evolution of Senescence, for example, contains the the first outline of the grandmother hypothesis – something paleoanthropologists have been arguing about for years. Williams was also concerned with the evolution of sex and a pioneer in the field of evolutionary medicine.
Update 1: Carl Zimmer has a piece that explains how all these different strands come together in Williams work.
Filed under: In Memoriam | <urn:uuid:00735b8d-b7d5-46f3-bef1-7681db50e0d0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://afarensis99.wordpress.com/2010/09/11/in-memoriam-george-williams/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962345 | 159 | 1.75 | 2 |
Notschool.net Australia pilot
Notschool.net was an internationally successful home-based virtual learning program for 14-17 year olds most seriously disengaged from formal classroom learning.
Notschool.net was a last resort for young people disengaged from classroom learning because of:
- Illness or phobia
- Bullying or disaffection
- Reluctance to learn
edutech project managed an Australian feasibility and pilot in 2010-11 to implement a two year pilot for 130 learners in SA, Victoria and Tasmania. Delivery of the pilot required a significant degree of communication and collaboration across national, state and local jurisdictions, enabled by online networks and a virtual learning environment. The pilot program retained fidelity to the international Notschool learning model, with capacity for the program to evolve to best meet the needs of young Australians.
Video pitch for Notschool project in Australia.
Education Services Australia (Ministerial company)
Inclusion Trust (UK charity)
Role: Project Manager (Australia) | <urn:uuid:6c0666f8-fbc6-45cb-be2f-bf89f526165e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://edutech.com.au/notschool/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.899377 | 232 | 2.234375 | 2 |
An old argument
The arguments used to bury the class struggle and the working class usually start with the same idea: that society has changed and so has the working class. Therefore the working class can no longer be the factor for change it once was. But such arguments are hardly new. They were already used in Marx's time, by some leading figures in the German Social-Democratic Party (SPD), the first mass workers' party in history.
This happened, for instance, when Bismarck's repressive laws forced the SPD into illegality in 1878. A new generation of young middle-class intellectuals had been recruited to the party in the previous period. Suddenly they found themselves deprived of a possible political career. So a number of them began to argue in favour of a "Third Way" between confrontation against, and submission to, Bismark's dictatorial regime. Instead, they said, the party should be more accommodating, it should open itself to the liberal middle-class and forget the idea that the working class had specific interests of its own to defend, let alone a specific role to play.
At the time Marx threatened to break all relations with the SPD if it went along with these views. In the end, the party did not. In fact, it was due to this resilience that the SPD won such enormous credit, not only amongst the working class itself, but also among the lower layers of the petty-bourgeoisie who were being increasingly crushed by the rising capitalist economy.
The same current re-emerged later on, however, this time in the late 1890s. On the back of astounding electoral successes, some of the petty-bourgeois leadership sought a "Third Way" to dodge the issue of social revolution, which was a constant threat to the cosy positions acquired by so many elected SPD MPs and councillors. Instead they advocated the more comfortable (for them) path of reformism. Given the SPD's deep working class roots and tradition, Eduard Bernstein, the main spokesman of this current, felt obliged to justify this turn on the basis of anti-capitalist language. He therefore argued that capitalism had changed. Instead of the growing concentration of capitalist monopolies in fewer hands, he argued that entrepreneurship was developing and that the large monopolies were losing more and more power to a growing number of small shareholders. Therefore, said Bernstein, parliament could be used to reform capitalism by gradually reducing the legal rights of the capitalist class. Thus capitalism would eventually evolve into socialism. No wonder Peter Mandelson, the apostle of Blair's "stakeholders' society", praised Bernstein in his book, "The Blair Revolution" - not for his socialist language, of course, but for being the "first great social democrat revisionist".
However, it is worth remembering the cost of Bernstein's reformism for the German and, indeed, the international working class. By 1914, the reformists were in total control of the party. And it was the logic of their "Third Way" which led them to take the side of the German capitalist class against its European rivals in WW1. The SPD was the only workers' party strong enough to stop the war and turn it into a revolution against capitalism. As it turned out their "Third Way" was the road of capital.
Blair's and Monks' forefathers
At the turn of the century, Britain had its own version of Bernstein's current. The Fabian Society, established in 1884, was a group of middle class intellectuals who were already busy showing how much British capitalism had changed since 1845, when Engels had written his work, "The condition of the working class in England". The Webbs, together with Bernard Shaw and Graham Wallas, began to develop their own "Third Way" between Marxism and capitalism - a gradualist version of socialism, intended to deny the working class any independent role in changing society. And because such views were in tune with the deep suspicion held (already) by trade-union leaders towards workers, these ideas became the official doctrine of the Labour party leadership when it was formed.
It must be said, however, that today even such reformists as the Webbs would probably be regarded as dangerous leftists by Blair's "New Labour": after all it was Sydney Webb who formulated clause 4 of the party constitution in 1919, the same clause 4 which Blair, after some effort, managed to delete. But this is not because the Webbs were any more "socialist" than Blair. 1919 was a different period. Then the need for the spin doctors to harness the energy of Labour party supporters with socialistic-sounding phrases was much greater, no matter how empty these phrases really were. And they did so with some success. So, if Sydney Webb was alive today, Blair would probably choose to make use of such spin-doctoring talents!
It was in 1927 that yet another form of "Third Way" was put forward. This came to be known as "Mondism" - after the name of Alfred Mond, the then chairman of ICI - and was enthusiastically endorsed by TUC leader Walter Citrine. Again, it was all justified by changing circumstances - apparently rising economic prospects, although not for long, since Britain was about to be engulfed in the Great Depression. There was a move by union leaders towards a so-called "corporatist vision" of industrial organisation. Companies were to encourage trade union membership in return for the unions' co-operation in the rationalisation of industry - which meant helping to boost competition at the expense of jobs and conditions. The TUC General Council committed itself to approaching a "new industrial order...not by way of a social explosion, but by a planned reconstruction in which the unions will assume a larger share of control in directing industrial changes." However, when the Mondists spoke of control, they did not mean control by workers on the shopfloor, but the recognition of trade union officials as "managers" of a labour force disciplined by an employer-enforced closed shop!
In the end Mondism was quickly discredited, but the trade-union bureaucracy circles have held on to this idea ever since. Listening to John Monks praising the approach of the mobile phone company Mannesman after its recent takeover by Vodaphone - just because union officials sit on the board of directors of all main German conglomerates - shows how today's TUC "partnership" is nothing but a "throwback" to yesterday's Mondism. Today one could call it "Monkeyism"...
Since World War II, there have been almost as many versions of a "Third Way" as there were Labour leaders. However, the most elaborated version was proposed under Gaitskell in the late 50s. Following Labour's second election defeat, Mandelson's far more erudite forerunner, Anthony Crosland, outlined the basis of a new approach in his 1956 publication "The Future of Socialism". He argued that the "more prosperous workers" no longer classified themselves as working class and were hostile to "old Labour" ideas on the economy. As a result, to save Labour from decline, it had to remove its working class image and stop being associated with nationalisation. Douglas Jay, a former Labour treasury minister, added that the public needed a "vigorous, radical, reforming, open-minded party" and proposed changing the party's name to "Labour and Radical" or "Labour and Reform". Gaitskell, the party leader, while stepping back from a change in name, proposed to change the party's constitution by getting rid of Clause 4, arguing that: "We have long ago come to accept, we know very well, for the foreseeable future, at least in some form, a mixed economy". After the Tories won their third election in a row, in 1959, Gaitskell argued for a public relations operation to refurbish Labour's image in the eyes of the middle class voters.
In the end, nothing much came of these schemes. And it took another couple of decades before Labour began to go through the same process again, which eventually produced Blair's almost exact replica of Gaitskell's proposals under the flag of "New Labour".
The test of history
All past versions of the "Third Way" were designed to dismiss the class struggle once and for all, at least as a political reference within the ranks of the traditional working class organisations - since it could not be done in the real world. Yet there were never any grounds to argue that capitalism had finally overcome its fundamental contradictions and was now able to run society in a rational way - thereby making the need for social change and the overthrow of capitalism obsolete. Nor was any credible case made to back up the idea that capitalist exploitation no longer existed and that, somehow, the capitalists and their employees now had identical interests.
On the contrary, in most cases, these ideas caught on during periods when cracks in the system had become obvious - like the turn of the century in Europe, the frantic speculative years in the run up to the Great Depression of the 30s, or like the period of on-going stagnation in Britain during the 50s. Even more importantly, these were periods in which the balance of forces in society was tilted in favour of the capitalist class, with a comparatively low level of militancy in the working class or in any case, a low rate of success in the class struggle. The success of the Fabians' views owed much to the confrontational drive of the British capitalists to root the trade unions out of areas in which they had began to organise only relatively recently. Mondism took shape at a time when the working class was demoralised by its recent defeat in the 1926 General Strike and the high level of unemployment which had prevailed since the end of World War I. Gaitskell's turn took place after a decade dominated by the reactionary trends generated by Cold War politics, in which the standard of living of the working class had remained very low, despite so-called "full employment".
The two fundamental features apply to the present period as well. Despite all the promises based on "globalisation", the Internet and new technologies, the capitalist system shows cracks everywhere. The planet as a whole is still going through its longest crisis ever - since it began in the 1970s! Never has the world known such a huge gap between rich and poor countries - not even in the days when the rising great powers were gunning their way into new colonies and markets in Africa and Asia. Never has the world economy experienced anything like the series of devastating financial spasms, from the 1990 stock market crash in Japan to the 1998 crises in Russia and South America - not even in the 1930s, despite the much deeper nature of the Great Depression. Never has the working class of the rich countries experienced such a level of exploitation, unemployment and accelerated social dereliction - at least not for the past century - nor have the poor masses of the Third World gone through such extremes of poverty.
So no, the capitalist system has not overcome its contradictions. On the contrary its decay is increasingly lethal for the vast majority of the planet's population. More than ever it needs replacing.
But at the same time, today's low ebb of working class militancy, after over two decades of on-going attacks by the capitalists, allows Blair and the Labour leadership to get away with their ludicrous "Third Way" and "classlessness". As if in such an overtly unjust society there could be any question of a compromise, let alone common interests between the exploiters and the exploited!
Let us not forget, however, what happened to all past versions of the "Third Way" - they, in fact, all ended up in history's dustbin. In the first part of the 1900s, the Bernsteins and the Webbs were discredited by the October revolution in Russia. Later, Mondism was swept aside by the capitalists themselves, when they felt that the unions had become too weak, due to the Great Depression, to be of much use to them. As to Gaitskell, he died before seeing his policies put into question by the re-emergence of working class militancy in the 60s.
So why should it be different with Blair's "Third Way"? There is no doubt that it will join the others in the dustbin of history too, in due course. But the point is to ensure that it is not discarded, temporarily, as previous versions have been, but that the capitalist system itself gets dumped as well. Because, as communists, we also want to see the "end of the class struggle", once and for all. But not in the sense that the advocates of capitalism mean it, by entrenching class divisions and reducing the majority of humanity to slave labour status. We, communists, want to see the end of class divisions and therefore the end of exploitation.
The starting point - 19th century capitalism
This is where the question of the historical role of the working class formulated by Marx and denied today by most politicians and intellectuals, comes into play - that is, its capacity to be midwife of a new social order free from capitalist exploitation and parasitism.
But first things first. What was Marx's reasoning in assigning this role to the working class and why the working class?
Like many young intellectuals of his generation Marx discovered a deeply unjust and shockingly wasteful society, still dominated in most of Europe by aristocratic regimes which tolerated no opposition. For this generation, the dynamism of capitalism, which was then emerging in only Britain, seemed to point to a bright democratic future, enhanced by the wonderful promise of science and technology. Unlike others, however, Marx soon discovered that capitalism meant an even worse form of exploitation for a much larger proportion of the population - waged labour. His lifelong task became that of developing the political tools necessary for the exploited to free themselves and society of this plight.
Marx's starting point was, of course, what he saw before him - 19th century capitalism in Britain, more or less over the twenty years between 1846 and 1866. But in most decisive respects, this capitalism was not all that different from what capitalism is today.
By looking closely into the operation of the system, Marx outlined its main features, which are still as visible today as they were at the time: the ruthless character of capitalist competition, its chaotic expansionist tendencies, which, as Marx predicted, would eventually incorporate the entire planet into the capitalist market; the enormous social waste generated by this competition; the production crises caused by the constant search for maximum profit and blind production for an unpredictable market with their resultant material and human casualties; the increasing role of finance; the widening gap between the operation of capital and the satisfaction of real needs; the inbuilt requirement of the system to maintain a "permanent reserve army" of unemployed, to use Marx's phrase.
What is there to add today to this characterisation of the capitalist system? That the disorders caused by its built- in contradictions have reached a scale which Marx did not and could not have envisaged in his day? That the unpredictability of the financial sphere and its capacity to cripple the entire productive sphere has reached unprecedented heights? That the imperialist stage has turned the world into a battlefield between giant companies which are sometimes richer than some of the smaller industrialised countries? Yes, all this is true. The contradictions of capitalism have not changed - they are only much sharper today. And this makes the system even less viable than it was in Marx's time.
Unlike today's period of economic stagnation, Marx's period was one of fast economic expansion. This was illustrated, for instance, by this comment by Gladstone, the then Liberal Chancellor of the Exchequer, quoted by Marx in Capital: "From 1842 to 1852, the taxable income of the country increased by 6%.... In the 8 years from 1853 to 1861, it had increased on the basis taken in 1853 by 20%! The fact is so astonishing as to be almost incredible.. this intoxicating augmentation of wealth and power... entirely confined to classes of property... must be of indirect benefit to the labouring population, because it cheapens the commodities of general consumption. While the rich have been growing richer, the poor have been growing less poor. At any rate, whether the extremes of poverty are less, I do not presume to say." But then Gladstone himself had to admit that "human life is but, in nine cases out of ten, a struggle for existence." Proof that whether stagnant today or expanding in the 19th century, the benefits of the capitalist system rarely filtered down to the "labouring people".
As to the root cause of the inviability and crisis-prone nature of the capitalist system, Marx found it in the private ownership of the means of production - which certainly still pertains today. In the 1970s, some argued - wrongly - that the extent of the state-owned industrial sector made Marx's analysis obsolete. But obviously, today, no-one would consider this a meaningful objection. Nor is that other argument used by Thatcher and Mandelson, long after Bernstein, that with the shares they own, workers are as much in control of the means of production as the capitalists themselves. With more than 50% of the shares traded in the City effectively controlled by less than a dozen big fund managers, a dozen BT shares are not likely to give much in the way of ownership rights to the worker who put his savings in them! Otherwise there would be a lot fewer factory closures and a lot fewer fact cats in boardrooms too!
The midwife of history
There was no shortage of people who had every reason to want to get rid of capitalism in the 19th century - from the middle-class artisans, who were increasingly squeezed by the competition of mass-production, to those at the very bottom of the social ladder, whose lives were made up of spells in workhouses. But among this wide range of social layers, Marx put his hopes in only one of them, the working class.
This new layer had been produced by capitalism. But because it could only make a living by selling its labour to the capitalist class, it was permanently at the receiving end of capitalist exploitation. It could therefore have no illusions as to the exploitative of capitalism, nor did it have a stake in its continuation. Moreover, it was concentrated by the very process of capitalist production in increasingly large workplaces where hundreds, sometimes thousands of its members co-operated in their day-to-day work - their daily activity therefore providing a blueprint for the way society could operate more rationally, by co-operation rather than competition. Above all, the working class could only free itself by freeing the system from the one thing that held it in chains - the private ownership of the means of production - by taking command itself in the name of society at large. And in this struggle, in which the responsibility of defending the interests of society as a whole fell to the working class, its social weight was large enough to pull behind it all the social layers which are normally the reluctant, but mostly resigned, victims of capitalism.
In Marx's view, this was what made the working class a revolutionary class, in the historical sense of the word, just as much as the capitalist class had itself been revolutionary when it overthrew the remnants of the old feudal system and opened the road to an enormous development of the productive forces. By freeing the world and its productive forces of the capitalist straightjacket, the working class would not only put an end to capitalist exploitation but actually open up yet another era of fantastic progress, in the economy and in every other sphere. This, for Marx, was the only route to further progress for mankind.
What were the features of this working class in Marx's day? In terms of size, using the 1871 figures, factory workers constituted 35% of the active population, commercial workers 5% and agricultural workers 11%. Although a revolutionary class, this working class was certainly not a conscious one. The days of the Luddites, when workers smashed the machines which threatened their jobs, were still within living memory. Man, woman and child gave their labour up to spinning and weaving machines, dug and lugged coal or burnt their bodies in front of blast furnaces. Next to the relatively regularly employed working class, and intertwined with it, was a large layer of urban poor, unemployed most of the time but not necessarily throughout their lives. In 1864, for instance, out of a population of just under 24 million, the official "paupers" made up 5% of the active population. In London these "paupers" made up over 24% of the population. People died of starvation among this poor layer. All the more so as, as Engels pointed out in his study of the English working class in 1845, the rapid expansion of the urban population occurred ahead of the towns' abilities to provide for so many people. So people lived in filthy, crowded, hastily built hovels, breathed foul air and conditions came close scenes out of Dante's "Inferno".
Taken as a whole, this working class was overworked, overexploited, often irreversibly damaged by alcohol from a very early age, crippled by disease and largely illiterate. In fact, it was an extremely backward section of the population, impregnated with prejudices - religious in particular - and divided by deep hatred based on regional origin. But then Marx had never pinned his hopes on the working class because of the moral or intellectual qualities of its members or their individual consciousness. As a materialist, he thought that each individual was a product of his circumstances but also of his experience in action. Collective action was already imposed on workers by the production process itself. But, more importantly, so was the need to resist capitalist exploitation collectively. So Marx believed that through the class struggle, the working class would evolve a collective consciousness of its interests.
Working class consciousness
Marx's approach was vindicated by the test of history. But, in fact, his approach was not based on reasoning alone. Already during the Chartist movement, in the 1830s and 40s, a significant part of the working class had participated actively in the largest political movement in Britain so far. It had provided some of the best thinkers and agitators of the movement and was its real backbone in the 1840s.
But his views were further vindicated in the following decades. In Britain, the 1870s and 1880s saw the emergence of "new unionism", when non-skilled workers in their hundreds of thousands formed their own giant "general" unions, among them dockers and railworkers, on the back of militant strikes. And in France, the Paris Commune of 1871 demonstrated in practice the capacity of the urban proletariat to organise an entirely new form of state power, based on the collective control of the productive forces.
The fact that Marx's views had passed the test of history did not prevent all kinds of people from seeing "changes" in the nature of the working class. In the 1850s, the Edinburgh Review, explained the causes of the decline of Chartism thus: "..time has solved all these problems - the discovery of the gold fields in California and Australia, the absorption caused by the Crimean war, and latterly the enormous increase in our commerce... have changed the whole complexion of our labouring classes. Penury has given way to plenty, idleness to employment; disaffection to content..." Later, in 1872, Thomas Cooper, once a prominent Chartist leader, recalling the days of his Chartist youth, wrote in his autobiography: "In our Chartist time, it is true, Lancashire workmen were in rags by thousands; and many of them often lacked food. But their intelligence was demonstrated wherever you went. You would see them in groups, discussing the great doctrine of political justice - that every grown up, sane man ought to have a vote in the election of the men who were to make the laws by which he was to be governed; or they were in earnest dispute respecting the teachings of Socialism. Now, you will see no groups in Lancashire. But you will hear well-dressed working men talk, with their hands in their pockets, of co-ops, and their shares in them, or in building societies".
And yet it was these same "well-dressed working men" who played a decisive role in the series of strikes which led to the building of the general unions in the following decade! The spark to this movement was an economic crisis from the mid-70s onwards. And it was precisely this tendency of the capitalist system to crisis that Marx had pointed to, which made the argument about "well-dressed working men" irrelevant. There might well be periods in which workers have better standards of living but as sure as night follows day, recession will follow boom, and workers will suffer wage cuts, sackings and the ranks of the unemployed will be swollen once more, with all the misery but also the rebellions this brings. The very contradictions of the capitalist system would inevitably stir up the consciousness of the working class again and again.
The test of the Russian revolution
The October 1917 revolution in Russia was the most decisive demonstration of the correctness of Marx's perspective. But it took place where and when it was least expected to happen. The working class of Russia was a relatively small class, concentrated in a few industrial centres. Russia was still semi-feudal, more like today's Third World countries. The majority of the population were peasantry, scattered over the vast Czarist empire.
Indeed, in 1897 the proletariat, including its dependent family members comprised 27.6% of the total population of Russia, of which only a small proportion worked in large factories. Perhaps by 1917 this had reached one third. But even then, the working class itself was numerically weak. By contrast, it was faced with one of the strongest and most repressive states in Europe. It is simplistic to think of Czarism as "mere" feudalism. By the beginning of the 20th century, as Trotsky observed: "the autocracy, aided by European technology and European capital, had already transformed itself into the largest capitalist entrepreneur, the largest banker, the monopoly owner of the railways and of the liquor retail shops. In this it was supported by the centralised bureaucratic apparatus, which was in no way suited for regulation of the new relations, but was perfectly capable of applying systematic repression with considerable energy. (...) Neither the government of France in the old days nor the European governments prior to 1848 had anything comparable to the Russian army of 1908- 9." Indeed the peacetime army was one million strong. But as Trotsky pointed out, this power which enabled it to continue existing against all social development, not only did not exclude the possibility of its fall by revolution, but actually made revolution the only possible way for development to take place.
Nevertheless it was exceptional circumstances which led the Russian working class to power in 1917. World War I had led to disastrous defeats, heavy losses and drastic deprivation making conditions ripe for revolution. But most importantly, a revolutionary party existed in the shape of the Bolsheviks, which was capable of steering the working class through and beyond the pitfalls of reformism all the way to the seizure of power, thus avoiding the defeat experienced by the far mightier working class of Germany, the following year.
As a result, the least literate, most backward, and in relative terms, the smallest working class in Europe, proved capable not only of overthrowing the most powerful dictatorship of that time, but also of resisting a wholesale attack against itself by all the imperialist powers allied for the occasion, shortly afterwards. But even more significant is the fact that these same workers proved capable of eradicating the parasitism of capitalist private property and building the basis of an economy which pulled even the most remote regions of the country out of the medieval stagnation which had blighted them under the Czar.
The society that emerged out of this revolution, in an embryonic form, still provides a blueprint for what can be built today on a world scale, only using hugely more powerful resources. What did it look like before it began to degenerate under Stalin? An example was provided by the British writer, Arthur Ransome, who visited the textile factory Centro-Textile in 1919: "Nationalisation has made possible the rational regrouping of factories so that the complete process is carried out in one place, consequently saving transport. There are 23 complete groups of this kind, and in the textile industry generally about 50 groups in all. There has been a similar concentration of control. In the old days there were hundreds of different competitive firms with their buildings and offices in the Ilyinka, the Varvarka and the Nikolskaya. The Chinese town was a mass of little offices of different textile firms. The whole of that mass of struggling competitive units of direction had now been concentrated in the house in which were talking. The control of the workers had been carried through in such a way that the technical experts had proper weight. There were periodical conferences of elected representatives of all the factories ..."
Asking about the fate of the old textile manufacturers, Ransome was told that many had gone abroad, but many too were working in the nationalised factories. The engineering staff which had mostly struck work against the revolution at the beginning had now without exception returned, the younger engineers in particular realising the new possibilities opening before the industry, the continual need of new improvements and the immediate welcome given to originality of any kind.
Of course it was one thing to decree new freedoms and another to implement them in the context of the postwar economic collapse. Yet Soviet Russia was the first country to allow women free abortion on demand, to ban discrimination of individuals on grounds of ethnicity or sexuality, to welcome the far-flung republics into its fold and allow them autonomy. The soviets as bodies of workers' government provided a framework for the full participation of ordinary people in controlling society. Not only was this an entirely new type of society, but it was a truly "classless" one, despite the unbearable burden of under-development. Or at least it remained that way until the hardships suffered during and after the civil war eroded the consciousness of the working class and spread demoralisation in its ranks. Then and only then was Stalin able to lead the drive of the new state's bureaucrats to free themselves from the control of the soviets, by establishing their own dictatorship "in the name of communism".
That the degeneration of the Soviet Union was a defeat for the working class, in Russia and worldwide, is obvious. But the fact that the society set up by the October revolution resisted for so long against the pressures of imperialism to restore capitalism - and still resists in its own degenerate way today - is testimony to the depth of the transformations carried out by the working class in the few years following the revolution. And far from proving the "inability" of the working class to change society, the degeneration and breakup of the Soviet Union, only vindicates Marx's views, buried later by Stalin - that communism could only develop on the basis of the highest stage of development offered by capitalism on an international scale - something that an isolated backward Russia had had to do without.
A changed capitalism?
According to the so-called economic "experts", capitalism has changed dramatically since the time of the October revolution and even more so since WW2. And the conclusions they draw from these changes fall into two different categories.
Some say that capitalism is now entering a new era of development and affluence and that it should be left alone, without any interference with what they call "market forces". US economists have even found a name for this new stage of capitalism: stealing Blair's favourite term, they called it the "New Economy" - proof that while the wealth of billionaires may be increasing, the imaginations of their economists are becoming utterly depleted.
Others, on the other hand, admit that the world market has been wildly out of control over the past period, to the point where it has become dangerously intolerable for a large section of the world's population. And they argue that the system therefore should and could be more tightly and better regulated, so as to contain its most objectionable consequences.
However, there is one thing over which these experts agree - that this "changed" capitalism has rendered obsolete the need for social transformation.
Yet so far, as was already mentioned, capitalism has shown no signs of any new ability to overcome its contradictions - rather the contrary. Today, if anything, it is more unstable than ever and even less capable of providing for the needs of the planet's population. True, the form of its crises has changed. We now have the dubious privilege of living through a permanent crisis instead of the periodic ones that used to create havoc in Marx's day. But the mechanisms and the consequences of the crisis are still the same. The main difference is that these consequences are far more profound and widespread than anything seen in the past.
This is not to say that capitalism has not changed at all over the past century. From the point of view of the planet's population as a whole, standards of living have increased - although this average increase does conceal the absolute impoverishment of entire regions of Africa, for instance. But as to the changes in the system itself, they consist of a return to past practices which had previously been abandoned for circumstantial reasons and of a deepening of trends which already existed.
Thus, the "free-trade" principles advocated today by the World Trade Organisation were common practice in the second part of the 19th century. Then, just as today, they were only a cover for the richest bourgeoisies to plunder poorer countries. On the other hand, the development of gigantic worldwide companies had already begun at the turn of the century as a result of the capitalists' attempts to protect returns on their investments - the rate of profit, as it is called - against increasing competition. Likewise the so-called "globalisation" of the economy began even earlier, when the industrial production of the rich countries became larger than the needs of their domestic markets and they began to look for new markets or for sources of cheaper raw materials. As to the enormous growth of the financial sector, it has also been also a permanent trend since the last decades of the 19th century. The difference today is that due to the return of the crisis in the early 1970s, the proportion of capital which is invested permanently in productive activities has shrunk enormously, as capitalists shifted to more short-term financial investments. It is this latter development which accounts for the speculative bubble on stock markets over recent years.
It is ironical that the advocates of the "New Economy" should see this on-going speculation as a sign of future affluence. After all, one might have thought that the 1998 financial crisis in South East Asia or even the collapse of the speculative bubble in Japan in 1990 would have made them wiser. However there is a certain logic to their views. These "experts" have their eyes set on profit charts and since they see profits going up, that is all that really counts for them. An economy which is profitable for the bosses is a "healthy" economy, by definition. Except that today, the main and only reason why profits are going up has nothing to do with fancy developments such as IT, computers or the Internet. It is entirely the result of screwing more value out of lower paid workers. Behind the new technology smokescreen is the growth of a low-productivity sweatshop economy. And there is a limit to how much can be squeezed out of human labour, which, unlike high tech machinery, cannot be switched on and off at will....
As to those who are advocating tighter and better regulation of capitalism, what do they really expect? That the same governments which have removed all regulations in the spheres of trade, finance, labour laws, etc.. in order to help companies to increase profits, will restore these regulations? But why would they, when the job they have undertaken, whatever their political badge might be, is to defend the interests of their domestic capitalists? And if they did bring in regulations, would not they, at the same time, seek ways of helping their capitalists to make up for the profits lost, necessarily at the expense of the working class?
Not only has capitalism not resolved its fundamental contradictions, but its evolution over the past century has in fact sharpened these contradictions even more. It offers no more future today than yesterday, nor is it any more reformable. It can only be overthrown and replaced.
A weak working class?
In rich countries like Britain, there are many myths about the working class today, which all boil down to a denial of its ability to change society.
One of these myths, of course, is that the working class no longer exists as such. According to this argument, the transformation of the rich countries into an industrial desert over the past two decades has left a service-orientated economy in which the manual working class is an isolated and tiny minority.
As one might expect, such arguments have been used about the USA, the stronghold of the so-called "New Economy". And this is what an article published in January 1998 in the magazine American Demographics had to say about it: "As recently as two years ago, leading newspapers were announcing the death of the working class. That obituary now seems premature. Although the structure of the working class is shifting, its spirit is thriving. What's changing is the working class stereotype of a hard-hatted, blue-collared white man. As the industrial age becomes more of a dim memory, the image of the group of people who drive the economy is changing too. Indicators suggest that the working core of Americans is becoming younger, more ethnically diverse, more female, more educated and more alienated from its employers." So even for the author of this article, who clearly believes that the industrial working class is becoming a negligible factor, it does not follow that the working class as such has disappeared.
Now let us look more closely at the situation in Britain. According to the latest figures available, leaving out those who are inactive out of choice or age, there are 24.1m wage workers, 3.4m self-employed and 4m unemployed, for a total of 31.5m active or potentially active workers - although one might argue that some of the categories included should really be left out as they cannot be considered in any way as socially productive, such as the army, the police, the church, politicians and quite a few others.
So what about the manual working class according to these figures? Manufacturing jobs make up 16.5% of all jobs - around 4m workers. Power workers, water, gas and electricity workers, sewage and refuse workers, telecommunication and post office workers, construction workers and miners total an additional 2.7m, which brings the total of manual workers to 6.7m or 28% of the total workforce.
As to white-collar jobs, which are supposed to dominate society today, they number 10m or 41% of wage workers. Then comes a non-descript "other business activities" with 10%, health with another 10% and education with 8%.
It is difficult to draw a very precise picture from these figures. For instance, mechanics working in garages are put in the same category as salesmen. Manual workers in supermarkets or wholesale storage are included in retail. Doctors and highly-qualified nurses are in the same category as NHS ancillary staff. The non-descript "all other business activities" mentioned before includes many casual and temporary workers and neither the government nor the bosses want to give precise data on their real occupations. Likewise, in certain industries employers prefer to hire self-employed workers, to avoid taxes or labour regulations. So a significant number of the 3.4m "self-employed" are in fact disguised waged workers. But of course this is nowhere to be found in the statistics, nor is it possible to know in what branch they actually work. How many manual workers are not counted in the official statistics is therefore impossible to say, but certainly there must be a large number.
But even with these figures as they are, the fact is that 6.7m manual workers represent a colossal force. Even if this number is proportionally smaller than a century ago, its absolute size is much greater. Moreover, the evolution of society has produced a new phenomenon which would have been unthinkable a century ago: a highly concentrated low-paid white-collar workforce, which does not see itself as being socially above the manual working class. Recent TUC statistics show that over half of all waged workers in the private sector work on sites employing 250 workers or more. This may not be the size of the old British Leyland factory at Longbridge thirty years ago, but this is the scale of concentration that Marx alluded to when he said that capitalism was organising the working class on a collective basis - indeed a 250-strong workplace was a large one in the 1840s, when he wrote the Communist Manifesto.
In other words, the manual working class still remains, potentially in any case, a major factor in society due to its size and concentration. And by the way, this is something the bosses know so well that every time there has been the slightest industrial action by line workers in a factory like Ford-Dagenham over the past decades, it has made the headlines of the papers. But in addition, this manual working class is now reinforced by a broader contingent of low-paid white-collar workers. These workers may have less economic clout as such in the class struggle (although bank workers, for instance, could easily put the capitalists in a real mess) but they have the weapon of their numbers and concentration in large workplaces. All this makes the working class much stronger and less isolated than it was a century ago.
A "middle-class society"?
Of course in "New Labour"'s language, everyone is middle class because everyone is supposed to have a "stake" in the system. And to support this argument, politicians point to the many workers who own a few shares, own their homes or a have private pension. Of course given a different choice, like comfortable council housing and proper state pension provision, they may not have acquired any of these. But does this make these workers "middle class"?
The argument on share-ownership is a very old argument and is indeed hardly worth taking seriously. After all, only 16% of British households actually own any shares at all. And in most cases this is simply a way for people to protect what little savings they have from inflation - something that bank and building society accounts no longer allow these days - and most workers do not own enough of these shares to make a significant profit even if the stock market went mad.
When it comes to home ownership, only 26% of all homes today are owned outright, despite the selling-off of council homes by Thatcher, which left tenants with very little choice but to buy and those looking for a new home no option but to take a mortgage. Mortgagees today constitute 43% of households. It is true that this proportion has increased since 1979, when more than a third of the population lived in council housing as against 20% today. But those with mortgages very often find them a burden they ill afford. They cannot maintain their homes and are stuck when they need to move. The mortgage has proved, more often than not, a noose around the neck of many working class families which they resent rather than feel proud of. It is sometimes claimed by middle-class journalists that workers no longer go on strike because, as mortgagees, they are now on "the other side of the fence". But these middle-class journalists obviously do not know what a repossession means for a working class family - it means losing everything - and workers know that. How can they feel "on the other side of the fence" with such a permanent threat hanging over their heads?
As for the private pensions argument, the scandal over the mis-selling of private pensions to low-paid employees says it all. The administrative cost of such pensions was so high that it absorbed what little people could pay every month, so that in the end they got nothing in return. In fact this is why Blair has now come up with his stakeholder pensions scheme. It is a way of subsidising the insurance companies' costs so that they can capture workers' savings, but at a slightly lower premium. Even then the low-paid will be excluded because the scheme would be too expensive for them. In other words, a large section of the working class will still have to survive on starvation level state pensions and without the benefit of the occupational pensions they might have had in the past, if they worked in a large enough company. And the so-called "privileged" who will opt, or be forced to opt, for this new scheme, will find that their pensions are now dependent on the ups and downs of a mad financial system over which they have no control. Not an enviable situation and certainly not one which will make them feel secure!
So all this stakeholder nonsense amounts to very little. The working class remains just as deprived as it ever was. In fact it is even more deprived today. Due to the permanent unemployment of the past decades and the erosion of wages, its share of the national income has been going down continuously. Today, Britain's poorest 20% receive 7% of the national income while the richest 20% get 41%. 30% of all households have no savings at all. This is how "middle-class" the working class is!
Those who imagine that workers have become capitalist-minded because they look up the price of their handful of shares in the Financial Times are in fact hoping that their own dream of a middle class utopia has at last come true. But instead of the working class being gradually swallowed into the ranks of the middle-class, it is the lower middle-class which is either swallowed into the ranks of the working class through job losses and downgrading or alienated by the system which no longer bothers to respect their dignity. Into this category, fit senior nurses, teachers and other "professions".
Have workers lost their economic clout?
But who produces the most value, or for that matter any direct value at all? In terms of output, expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product, the manual working class as defined above produces over 40%, despite representing only 28% of the workforce. And if nothing else, this illustrates the fact that the value produced by manual workers in Britain still represents a major source of income for the bosses, as well as, of course, the only domestic source of goods, fuel, transportation, etc.. for the population as a whole.
It is true, on the other hand, that 1m workers in financial services "produce" 22% of the same GDP. But how? Partly by playing on financial markets with the money left by workers in their bank accounts and partly by moving around capital belonging to capitalists and companies from all over the world. But where does this capital come from in the first place, if not from accumulated profits which originated in the production sphere and were never reinvested? In other words, it is the product of the past labour of the working class, in Britain or abroad.
So the myth which says that somehow the economy could survive on "finance" alone is an obvious nonsense. If it could, why would Blair and his ministers put so much effort into using their political weight with foreign governments to get contracts for British manufacturers? Obviously Britain's manufacturing capitalists know that neither they nor the enormous profits that the manual working class makes for them are "redundant".
But besides, what will the financial capitalists do the day power workers decide to pull the plug on their computers? Of course all large companies have now got their own emergency power supplies and procedures to store sensitive data by phone on a remote site by means of fast telephone links. But what if electrical maintenance and telecom workers decide to join ranks with power workers? Billions of pounds worth of financial dealings could be lost forever in a split second and the whole casino machine of the financial markets brought to a halt, should manual workers decide to go for it.
Some argue that technology will change working patterns so much that there will be no more large concentrations of workers and everyone will be working in tiny workplaces or even at home. It is hard to imagine large-scale manufacturing, such as car production, without a large concentration of workers in this society, but let us leave this aside for the time being.
The idea of an atomised working class is not a new one. At the end of the 19th century, capitalists were so terrified by the growing concentration of workers that in 1880, they enthusiastically welcomed the production of the first electrical motor. The newspapers were full of articles predicting a society of small workshops, each with sophisticated electric machines which could be a lot smaller and more productive than steam or petrol-powered ones. Production processes would just have to be reduced to a series of small operations each carried out by small workshops and most of the large factories would just close down. Except that it did not work. The companies which produced the new motors were determined to make as much profit as possible while they had a monopoly on their production and the motors turned out to be too expensive for small workshops. Most big factories, on the other hand, quickly switched to the use of these electric motors for fear that their competitors might do so before them. And the dream of a harmless working class deprived of its industrial muscle had to be forgotten altogether.
Today, we are presented with a slightly different story. Soon, we are told, most white-collar jobs will be done over the Internet. Yet this is exactly the same fairy tale that became fashionable a decade ago with the development of communications between micro-computers over telephone lines. It was said at the time that tele-working would come to dominate the white-collar sector. Typists, accountants, salesmen, etc.. would work from home and report to their companies via a telephone link. Except that the immediate result was a fast drop in productivity. When they were at home, workers had a tendency to find other things to do than working for their employers, especially since there were no supervisors to breathe down their necks. Most companies gave up as a result, except in the case of certain better-paid professional jobs where it was advantageous to turn full-time employees into occasional free-lance collaborators. And today, when you hear about the Internet fairy tale, just think about the hundreds of thousands of workers who are slaving away in Britain's call centres under the combined watchful eyes of supervisors, cameras and computer-aided surveillance to monitor their performance.
As to the atomisation of the working class through the closure of all big factories, this could happen in several ways. A high level of automation could be introduced so that only a few maintenance workers are needed. This would not be all that easy for some kinds of production, like the final assembly of cars, where many tricky parts that don't quite fit must be fitted regardless - something that no robot can do to date. But more importantly it would require enormous investment on the part of large companies, which is precisely what they have been avoiding for the past thirty years. Another way to fragment the working class is to resort, on a much larger scale, to subcontracting. But due to the poor quality of the products made by subcontractors who pay their workers low wages, big companies like Ford end up making plans to build special industrial parks for their subcontractors on sites next to their assembly plants, so as to be able to keep an eye on them. In other words, workers will be shifted from a Ford plant to the subcontractors' "park", where conditions would be worse, but a similar concentration of workers would be necessary.
Finally, by shifting the entire production abroad, the bosses can eliminate the need for any workers at all in the home country. Some industries have been able to do this on a large scale - such as the textile industry. But then the factories were mostly small with a low-skilled workforce and jobs which were already entirely automated. For most engineering it would be a lot more difficult to shift production because of the difficulty in finding a skilled workforce abroad, but also because of the political risk involved in closing a large factory. One never knows what the reaction of the workforce will be, and this worries both the bosses and the politicians - enough in any case for them to have refrained from too many abrupt closures since the early 1980s.
But above all, the fact is that all large companies still depend on the British market for a large part of, if not most of their profits, and on the subsidies of the British state. They will not risk losing either of these. So even in the industrial field, the working class will retain its economic clout for the foreseeable future - that is, if it chooses to use it.
The working class of the poor countries
Unlike in Marx's day, or even the days of the Russian revolution, the working class is no longer confined to a handful of industrialised or semi-industrialised countries. It is a truly international class in terms of its presence in every part of the world, including in the Third World. Indeed this has been one of the consequences of the development of the world market over the past century.
If course its development has been very uneven. Given that the world market has been divided and redivided during this period between the rich countries into their competing spheres of interest, it has meant that some Third World countries underwent a degree of development and industrialisation and others very little or none. This depended very much on the availability of the kind of resources, like oil and minerals or agricultural produce, which Western multinationals wished to exploit. But even so, because of the expansion of multinational agribusiness, even those countries which have remained largely as agricultural suppliers have seen a transformation of their previously self-sufficient peasantry into wage labourers.
Take India for example. It now has a population of 1bn. Only 16% of the labour force works in manufacturing, but this 16% comprises nearly 69m workers! Of the rest of the total labour force, which constitutes about 43% of the total population, 64% work in agriculture and 20% in service industry. In other words, India today has a very large working class - much larger, indeed, than Russia had on the eve of its proletarian revolution.
In today's Russia, despite the on-going disintegration of what is left of the old workers' state, the industrial working class, which was the majority in soviet society, still comprises 30m workers, with another 32m employed in services. Of course how many actually still receive a regular wage is another question, which puts them in the same bracket as many public sector workers in Africa and the rest of the poorer Third World countries.
The example of Brazil and South Africa, both relatively more industrialised than other countries on their continents, show a different distribution of the labour force - with South Africa still having 32% of its workers concentrated in manufacturing and Brazil 23%. China, a different example, given its past decades of isolation from the world market, still has only 15% of its workers registered as "industrial", in manufacturing. But that percentage represents 185m workers. And this excludes the majority employed in village-based factories who are categorised as part of the agricultural economy.
These figures demonstrate the enormous reinforcement that the growth of the working class in the Third World has brought to workers of the industrialised countries.
Moreover, beyond the Third World working class, there are the even larger battalions of the urban poor. In the last fifty years, the urban centres of the Third World have been swollen by an additional population of one billion people. Cities in poor countries now exceed in total population the cities of the industrialised countries. 23 of the world's 27 biggest cities are in the Third World - mega cities, with populations greater than 10m or more. London, by comparison, today has a population of around 8m. By 2015, these gigantic poor cities will hold three-quarters of the urban population of the world.
The conditions of these urban poor are comparable to those in Victorian Britain. 30 to 70% of these cities' populations live in shanty towns, with no piped water or the odd standpipe at best, no electricity unless they can get on-line illegally and no sewerage systems. They form the pool of manual labour used by the so-called "informal economy" - a sector in which there is no labour regulation to protect workers and no law except the law of the jungle. In Latin America, in 1995, this sector constituted 56% of the economically active population. In sub-Saharan Africa it constituted 75% of the labour force - some 314m workers, 16 million of them children aged between 10 and 14 years.
This informal sector is really an integral part of the formal, or regulated sector which is dependent on it. It provides the means by which large multinationals gain access to what amounts to near-slave labour. An unofficial subcontractor in Bombay for instance, will go into the shanty-town and find workers to make toothbrushes, assemble toys, put together packaging etc.., on a pathetic piece rate or even in exchange for the right to protection of their living space. Their products end up in the consignments for export of companies like Unilever. Of course this does not provide regular work for shanty-town dwellers. And the precarious nature of their existence means that they are often on the verge of starvation. But over the years, what has emerged, despite and because of this, are spontaneous organisations of self-protection amongst these slum-dwellers, and certain forms of self-government, as in the townships of South Africa, or the slums of Calcutta, preventing the demolition of their dwellings, organising water supplies and drains, protection from criminal gangs, etc. These impoverished workers are the natural ally of the industrial working class of these countries and could become a major base of support for them, indeed will have to.
A fighting tradition
What is more, the Third World working classes have a very long fighting tradition dating back to the inter-war period or even further, to the beginning of the 20th century. This flies in the face of the patronising attitude of Western trade union leaders whose only "contribution" to the Third World working class movement has been to export their bureaucratic methods.
One only has to think of the great strikes amongst copper and saltpetre workers in Chile, who in 1904, after forming a union which was 20,000 strong, had US weapons turned against them in a massacre in which 2,500 workers died. Or the 1926 strike of railworkers, in Sierra Leone, which lasted six weeks with the support of the entire capital's population. Or the African workers across Senegal and Niger who struck on the Dakar-Niger railway in 1947-48 and won a victory. Or the work of ITA Wallace-Johnson, a Marxist from Sierra Leone, who founded the West African Youth League and some of the first unions which organised workers across West African borders in 1939, and who ended up in prison for sedition after a wave of strikes.
In South Africa, unions started being built in the first quarter of the century, and gained impetus after the launch of the Communist party in 1921. From this point onwards, the South African working class was again and again at the forefront of the political scene. Sometimes they went through bitter defeats like the strike by 75,000 miners from 21 Anglo-American-owned mines in 1946, which was smashed after 1,000 miners were arrested, 1,250 injured and at least 13 killed. The militancy of the black working class by the 1980s made it impossible for the apartheid regime to survive. Today, having been deprived of a victory that was really theirs, by their own leaders, they continue to fight against the austerity and privatisations imposed by these same leaders.
In almost all Third World countries, the trade unions played a central role in the struggle against the colonial powers. But after independence they have all had to fight the nationalist politicians who they helped to power, indeed from the word go. To quote the Central African Mail from 1962 "thus with the solid voice of people demanding better wages and conditions and the courting of nationalist politicians behind it, the trade union movement has risen to power ahead of political development. It had a start, as it were, on nationalist politics. But now we find a twist in the scene. With the abdication of colonialism, nationalist politicians are beginning to attain power. And they are finding the self-same trade unions they used and courted on their way up are now a threat and barrier to their control and authority."
Today, strikes in Third World countries take place on a scale not seen in Britain for many years. And given that one argument for not taking strike action over wages in the rich countries has been that there is "no more money on the table", one wonders how Western trade union leaders would survive in Third World countries where there is normally next to nothing on the table? Spectacular strikes have just been taking place in India, to give an example, over threatened privatisation of the electricity industry. In Uttar Pradesh, skilled engineers and manual workers took the initiative, with 87,000 workers going on indefinite strike and calling on workers in the other states to support them. Workers in 7 other states joined them in day-long solidarity strikes. 6,000 "activists" were arrested including the strike leaders of the two unions involved. 400 workers were immediately sacked. After 11 days the government agreed to defer privatisation. While this strike was taking place 100,000 dockers and port workers were also involved in a 5-day strike over wage agreements - demanding that they should be 5-yearly instead of 10-yearly, as were local government workers.
But these examples are not given merely to demonstrate that the working class is alive and kicking in the Third World. It is the case that, ultimately, workers in Third World countries are being exploited by the same capitalist system, and often the same companies, as workers in the developed world. They have common social interests which are being made more obvious by the ever-growing integration of the world market. Moreover, they are linked by millions of individual and family ties that imperialism has sown unwittingly, and which will, some day, backfire on those who went out of their way to import cheap labour to the rich countries, sometimes, by force.
Is the class struggle over?
The class struggle is of course not only expressed by big strikes. It goes on day to day, in the form of stoppages and other forms of resistance against petty attacks against workers. Besides, strikes continue to take place in Britain. But they are not high profile news and often they are not even reported by the media. For instance who has heard about the successful, unofficial strike involving 2,500 postal workers in Edinburgh, Lothian and Fife sorting centres over the sacking of a shop steward last December? But others have been reported, such as the strike by BT Call Centre workers which actually caused the company so much embarrassment when conditions were made public that they agreed to the union's demands. Likewise Connex drivers just forced their management to back down after just one day's strike action. There again, the fact that even an overtime ban by drivers had led to the company having to suspend half its services meant that they had no way of hiding the fact that they were undermanned and therefore pushing drivers to unsafe limits in working hours. Public sympathy inevitably went to the strikers. So even with today's conciliatory union leadership, it has proved possible for some sections of workers to defend conditions and make a few gains.
It is true that there has been a generalised weakening of the working class right across the developed world over the past decades, though. But this was not due to the workers' unwillingness or inability to fight. It was due to the failure of the trade union leadership to organise anything to defend even the most basic material interests of their members. In the context of rising unemployment this failure has swung the balance of forces against workers. And this is the situation the working class has to deal with now.
There is no shortage of energy nor is there a shortage of militancy in the working class today. What there is a shortage of, is the confidence that action will achieve something, given the fact that workers who have struggled have been betrayed more often than not by their own union officials. It is this confidence that needs to be rebuilt.
Today, however the working class is short on political tradition. Of course, despite the efforts of Thatcher and Blair, the working class has certainly not lost its class identity. But what it no longer has the habit of, is to voice its own class interests on the political scene. This is what we mean by political tradition. These class interests have nothing to do with the narrow sectional and often nationalist outlook which is proposed by the left of the Labour party and trade union movement. On the contrary, the interests of the British working class are indistinguishable from those of the international working class, just as they are indistinguishable from those of society as a whole. That tradition too, has to be rebuilt.
The only revolutionary force in society
What is vital today is not only that the working class again finds the confidence in its own strength that it needs in order to regain the ground lost. It is also vital that it rediscovers the political ideas which presided over the development of its first organisations in the 19th century - and particularly the idea of the need for social change as formulated by Marx in the Communist Manifesto.
Implementing the idea of a rationally organised economy through a democratically-controlled system of central planning was an overwhelming task in the context of Russia's backwardness in 1917, with hardly any means of communicating, scarcely any means of transportation and a ruined industry. But for instance, in today's context, the "communication revolution" as the media calls it, could become something other than just a money- spinner for speculators. It could become a means to implement immediately, at the touch of a button, what involved so much effort and sacrifice for the Russian working class. It would make it possible to gather data on production, needs and resources instantly, consult all those concerned, and make rapidly the necessary adjustments in the production and distribution programmes - and all this on a world scale. Human knowledge in science and technology has now reached such a level of development that many of the practical problems which would need to be resolved in order to satisfy the needs of the planet's population as a whole have already been resolved. The only obstacle is the survival of this outdated social organisation.
What is lacking today amongst the working class is the consciousness of these realities, and a political party which, instead of seeking its integration within the existing social order, sets itself the task to change it from top to bottom. Of course, the working class does not today act as a revolutionary force. But throughout its history, it has never been revolutionary except for very short periods, if only because it has to bear the brunt of capitalist exploitation and the ideological pressures of a society in which everything, from education and culture to the media, is controlled by its exploiters. It is difficult to break free from this grip. The working class can only do so in periods of deep social crisis - which occur only a few times in a century. For us, Marxists, the working class is the only revolutionary force in society because it is the only force capable of using the opportunity of such a social crisis to overthrow the foundation of the capitalist system - that is the private ownership of the means of production in which it has no stake - in Britain and on a world scale.
Today no political party offers such a perspective. Those parties which claim to represent working people, here or abroad, aim only for acceptance into government as loyal trustees for interests of the capitalist class. But with a party of its own, prepared to fight for the perspective of a new society, the working class will have the equipment it needs to achieve this aim, and no obstacle will be great enough to stand in its way. | <urn:uuid:7ca2b106-2cbc-462b-b5e2-29c49a81eb99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.union-communiste.org/tr/2000-02/48-the-working-class-is-the-only-force-that-can-change-the-world-884 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.975831 | 14,001 | 2.75 | 3 |
Synopses & Reviews
This swashbuckling collection of pirate tales is brimful with drama and adventure on the high seas. Especially compiled for young readers, these tales combine a rich variety of storylines with lively vocabulary. Perfect for reading aloud and handsomely illustrated, "The Barefoot Book of Pirates" is a truly spirited anthology. Full color.
Table of Contents
The captain's goose (Scandinavian) -- Robin Hood and the pirates (English) -- The kobold and the pirates (German) -- Pirate Grace (Irish) -- Music charms the pirates (Japanese) -- The abbey bells (Scottish) -- The ship of bones (Moroccan). | <urn:uuid:1d636921-a45a-4aa1-83c6-27139bb830f8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.powells.com/book/barefoot-book-of-pirates-9781901223798 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00293-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.80736 | 139 | 1.890625 | 2 |
MANILA - The World Bank gave a press conference yesterday about the Philippine Development Report 2013 with the theme, “Creating More and Better Jobs.” The Bank expressed alarm that many Filipinos were either unemployed or underemployed, or had jobs but were in low productivity, low-paying work. Both conditions result in more poverty.
According to the Bank, some 10 million Filipinos were jobless (3 million) or had jobs but were looking for additional work (7 million) mainly to augment their income.
On top of that, about 1.15 million Filipinos would enter the labor force each year through 2016, or 4.6 million over the next four years. Of the 1.15 million new job entrants, 650,000 will find work in the informal and generally low-productivity, low-paying sector, which incidentally also comprise the bulk of the underemployed.
Another 240,000 will be employed in the formal sector, which is high productivity, high-paying, whereas 200,000 will find work abroad. For another 60,000, jobs would be scarce.
There is some alarmism employed in this kind of presentation.
First, not all of the unemployed are in a bad place. Many of them are unemployed by choice. For example, there is a job offer for P20,000 a month but the person rejects it because he is awaiting a job prospect that will pay him P30,000 or more -- in short, the person has a high “reservation wage.”
Or the wage offer is good but the office is far from his house and he wants to work nearby even at a lower pay as he is helping take care of the kids or a sickly family member. There are many reasons why a person may choose to be jobless temporarily.
Second, not every underemployed person is in a bad place. A person already earning P70,000 a month and still looking for extra work that will pay an additional P30,000 is considered underemployed. The demand for extra income may arise if the person has to pay a huge housing or car loan, or some other personal or family debt, or prepare for a huge investment in the coming years.
Waving the flag of alarmism
Hence, to lump all 10 million as “job seekers” is to wave the flag of alarmism. If the “voluntary unemployment” or “unemployment by choice” plus “highly paid underemployed” were removed and segregated, the number would be less than 10 million and hence, not that high.
Furthermore, the Bank cited four reasons for the jobs problem, namely, lack of competition (presence of monopolies and oligopolies in certain sectors), complex and costly business regulations, insecure property rights, and lack of investments in both hard and soft infrastructure. The “we can work it out” solution the Bank proposed had identified a broad partnership of government, labor, business and civil society.
While the analysis appears sound, a quick check on the discontent among many Filipinos would turn up the following problems: government corruption, pork barrel scam, crime and lack of peace and order. In short, the Bank failed to identify an important problem: the weak implementation of the rule of law. The law against stealing and land grabbing, the law against murder and killing, the law against abduction and rape, the law against government extortion and plunder, among others.
Entrepreneurship and job creation is not a crime, and yet entrepreneurs here are penalized when they're required to secure tons of permits - from the barangay to health and sanitation, fire department, location and building, mayor's, BIR, DTI, SEC, SSS, among others. On top of that, they would have to pay various taxes, regulatory fees and mandatory social contributions.
High cost of entrepreneurship leads to less jobs created
When the cost of entrepreneurship and job creation is high and complicated, then less job creation will happen. In contrast, the cost of criminality and corruption is low, thus the prevalence of both ills. This is a big government failure.
The report outlined various reform measures and suggested how to sequence, in particular through a three-track approach:
- First track: decisively implement key reforms that can be supported by a broad coalition, do not need legislative change, and may require an executive order;
- Second track: accelerate present reforms of improving governance, social service delivery, and increasing investments;
- Third track: lay the foundation for more difficult reforms, reverse decades of policies that undermined the economy’s capacity to generate more and better jobs.
Seven sectors were identified where the three tracks would be applied: agriculture, land (crosscutting), manufacturing, business regulations, labor and social protection, Investment and public finance.
What caught my attention were the Bank's proposals in public finance, particularly in Tracks 2 and 3, where the lender suggests the following:
- Track 2: improve Customs administration to control smuggling, including increasing control over special economic zones; strengthen participatory budgeting at LGU level, following principles and lessons learnt through existing Bottom-Up Budgeting and community driven development programs; and implement Open Government across all agencies and adopt Open Data platform.
- Track 3: enact Fiscal Incentives Rationalization Bill, a national surtax on property, increase excise tax on petroleum, further increase the excise tax on alcohol and tobacco, start comprehensive tax administration reform program to simplify tax processes, especially for MSME sector.
On track 2, instead of retaining various Customs restrictions that encourage smuggling, the more appropriate proposal would have been to reduce if not abolish some of those prohibitions. Where there is ample supply of cheaper and better quality raw materials, intermediate and capital goods, and consumer products from abroad, local producers, manufacturers and consumers would have more choices and hence, their productivity should increase. Such increase in productivity will result in new business creation or expansion of existing businesses, thus creating more and better jobs.
Welfarism and subsidy dependence
Bottom up budgeting is good because it expands the consultation process at the grassroots level in preparing the annual budget, but it also raises "welfarism" and subsidy dependence among citizens, thus unnecessarily jacking up public spending. And since local revenues are often not enough, more public borrowings result in forever-rising government debt, which raises the annual interest payment. For 2012-2014, the average interest payment amounts to P332 billion a year.
New taxes or raising existing taxes are troubling because they will further increase the cost of doing business and adversely affect job creation.
A national surtax on land -- on top of real property tax by LGUs -- is wrong. When land is productive – whether agricultural, residential, commercial or industrial – then this resource is used to create jobs. Job-creating land use should not be penalized with more taxes. A better alternative is to reduce or abolish the tax on productive land and shift the burden to idle land so that those landowners will be forced to make their properties productive, barring which they would the land to someone who can make it productive.
Increasing the excise tax on petroleum products is wrong. Petroleum is necessary to transport farm products, industrial goods, as well as people by sea, land and air. If petroleum products are slapped with a higher tax, then inflation would accelerate. The projected price pressure might appear small in the World Bank and Department of Finance computations but the psychological anticipation in the minds of the public might be big.
Further raising the tax on tobacco and alcohol products -- while good in principle -- should be put on hold. Such an increase may result in a marginal rise in government revenues, but may also lead to increased corruption and smuggling. The Sin Tax Law is not even a year old. Before any tinkering with the law is done, it should be allowed to deliver its promise of higher revenues. Preliminary data for the first half of the year unfortunately show that collections were lower-than-expected.
Simplification of business regulation and taxation, even reduced taxes, should apply to all private enterprises, whether big or small. A tax is a cost to doing business and to persons, regardless of the form of the levy.
Additional government revenues can be realized through privatization of certain state-owned corporations and financial institutions, whether partly or fully. PAGCOR, for instance, is projected to rake in at least P200 billion. Privatization proceeds should be used to retire part of the national debt so that it declines and interest payments drop. Savings from lower interest payment can be used for infrastructure buildup and other social services.
If people have stable jobs and businesses as a result of fewer and lower taxes, fewer government bureaucracies and regulatory fees, then the shared goal of “more and better jobs” would be attained, partly or fully.
The World Bank has to recognize that to attain many of its bleeding heart concerns, there should be less government taxation and intervention, not more
Fat-Free Econ 40: IMF Irrelevance, March 16, 2013
Fat Free Econ 43: On the Philippines' Fast Economic Growth, June 14, 2013
Fat Free Econ 46: On Pork Barrel Aboition, August 25, 2013
Fat Free Econ 47: Pork Scam vs. Public Debt Scam, September 07, 2013
Foreign Aid 14: ADB's Electric Tricycles, April 07, 2012
Business 360 10: Foreign Aid as Band Aid Solution, August 11, 2013 | <urn:uuid:980cd0ad-ba15-4c61-92ef-4099759db1c7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://funwithgovernment.blogspot.com/2013/09/fat-free-econ-48-jobs-taxes-and-world.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00508-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949959 | 1,963 | 2.390625 | 2 |
All seven planets in the Trappist-1 system are Earth-sized. On top of that, three are in the habitable zone, so there's a chance they could harbor life.
NASA created this fantasy travel poster imagining how tourists or possibly colonists of the future might visit the Trappist-1 system, which astronomers just announced includes seven Earth-sized planets that could host water. At only 39 light-years away, scientists say the nearby system is our best bet for finding life beyond our solar system.
A lineup of Trappist-1 planets from Trappist-1b in closest orbit to the star to Trappist-1h, with an orbit that's unconfirmed but believed to be the farthest. Trappist-1e, f and g are thought to have the best chance of supporting life.
This diagram compares the sizes of the newly discovered planets around the faint red star Trappist-1 with the Galilean moons of Jupiter and our inner solar system. All the planets found around Trappist-1 are of similar size to the Earth.
This chart compares the seven Trappist-1 planets with the planets of our inner solar system. Researchers first spotted exoplanets around the dim dwarf star in 2016, but recently discovered it's orbited by more Earth-like planets than originally thought.
This diagram compares the orbits of the newly discovered planets around the faint red star Trappist-1 with the Galilean moons of Jupiter our inner solar system. All the planets found around Trappist-1 orbit much closer to their star than Mercury is to the sun, but as their star is far fainter, they are exposed to similar levels of irradiation as Venus, Earth and Mars in the Solar System.
This artist's conception imagines what it might be like on the surface of Trappist-1f. The planet orbits in the habitable zone and is Earth-sized and probably rocky like our world. The side of the planet that permanently faces Trappist-1 could be covered by a large liquid ocean that might even support life.
A close-up artist's rendering of Trappist-1d, which may have little to no water on its surface.
This data plot shows infrared observations by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope of a system of seven planets orbiting the star Trappist-1.
If we had a remarkably powerful telescope that could directly view the Trappist-1 system from Earth it might look something like this artist's rendering.
This artist's impression shows what Trappist-1 and the other planets in its system might look like from a vantage point just above one of the seven Earth-sized planets in the system.
Trappist-1 is located in the direction of the constellation Aquarius. The red ultracool dwarf star is too faint to see with small telescopes, but should you ever find yourself in control of Hubble or another powerful telescope, this star map shows you where to point it to find the fascinating star system. | <urn:uuid:477c7897-ffff-4977-9ce6-9a1509a73328> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cnet.com/pictures/trappist-1-star-system-could-host-life-exoplanets-earth-like/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.932769 | 621 | 3.65625 | 4 |
In 1986, the Oklahoma State Department of Tourism and Recreation kicked off a quiet, largely unnoticed exploration of opportunities to pump up the state’s then-lackluster economy by boosting tourism. Its final conclusion – unsurprising at best, completely obvious at worst – pointed right at Oklahoma’s rich and textured American Indian culture as something that might pull in a lot of paying customers. Almost 30 years later, the very bold and loud answer to that first, quiet question sits along the Oklahoma River just south of Oklahoma City’s central business district. The American Indian Cultural Center and Museum (AICCM) is a world-class steel, glass and concrete tribute to the culture, art and history of Oklahoma’s 39 tribes. It’s also unfinished.
Over the years of its planning and development, the Center has morphed into something far bigger than a tourism paycheck. It will be the largest and most important showcase of American Indian history and culture outside of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian. Its exhibits, fully interactive and capable of making a more lasting impression than the usual static museum displays, walk visitors unabashedly through the good and the bad of tribal history in Oklahoma. From the horrors of the Trail of Tears to the bright future of Natural Democracy, it’s all there. It’s a standing, permanent cultural reconciliation of sorts. Oklahoma’s been looking for something like this for a lot longer than 30 years
.“When completed, The Center will deliver an authentic, world-class cultural destination with a remarkable visitor experience.”
With a vitally important cultural statement and $4 billion of tourism dollars over 20 years at stake, why aren’t the doors opening? Tens of millions of dollars have been sunk into the center, and the majority of construction is complete. “We’re on the first-yard line at the beginning of the fourth quarter,” says Sen. Kyle Loveless (R-Oklahoma City), once a skeptic but now a tireless champion of the AICCM.
Since its celebratory Groundblessing in May 2005, the Center’s construction’s proceeded in fits and spurts, frustrated by changing economic conditions and pitfalls in funding. The 2012 Oklahoma Senate’s refusal to issue $40 million in bonds to help bridge the final $80 million gap to completion is only the latest in a series of setbacks. The remaining $40 million in matching funds from tribal, private and other supporters is ready to go, contingent upon the state’s buy-in.
For the last decade, the AICCM’s executive director, J. Blake Wade, has found himself constantly reminding Oklahomans of the importance of the Center’s completion. “When completed, The Center will deliver an authentic, world-class cultural destination with a remarkable visitor experience,” he says. “No other state can share the collective history of 39 distinctive nations. The development of exhibitions and construction that meet Smithsonian standards requires diligence and an unyielding commitment to quality, to ensure the full vision is realized. When completed, this place will stand with other cultural institutions such as the Sydney Opera House and Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian, both of which took considerably longer to develop than originally anticipated. But both have been well worth the wait.”
Wade and his colleagues and supporters at the AICCM aren’t the only ones tearing their hair out. Plenty of Oklahoma legislators are tired of going to the well for the Center. They want to see the Center completed. They support the Center and its mission. But the well might be dry.
The Center’s original funding plan was built on an assumption of federal assistance. Two U.S. senators and four U.S. congressmen assured the state that Uncle Sam would pick up one-third of the tab. The state put its chips down. Private contributors, tribes and the City of Oklahoma City pulled seats up to the table. Construction began. Three years passed, and it became clear that the federal government had no interest. By 2008, the waiting got old. The Oklahoma senate approved $25 million in bond funding to keep the project going.
Then there’s good, old-fashioned caprice. Hurricane Katrina slammed into the Gulf of Mexico, blowing construction costs through the roof across the nation. In 2008 the country began a long slide into the deepest recession since the Great Depression. The cost of everything rose, and funds fell short.
Critics have levied charges of fraud, abuse and wastefulness against AICCM. Accusations of suspect bid selection popped up here and there. In an effort to quash rumors and end the finger-pointing, Gov. Mary Fallin called in the Oklahoma State Auditor and Inspectors Office. The final verdict: the AICCM is squeaky clean. It’s shown complete fiscal responsibility while dealing with uncontrollable outside forces and setback after setback with funding.
“Critics say that the Devon Tower was built for less and in a fraction of the time. It’s true,” says Loveless. “Funds for the entire building were in place before construction started. That makes things move quicker and cheaper. The AICCM didn’t have that, and it’s a project shared by three levels of government, several tribes and outside contributors. Funding shortfalls, coordination of so many agencies, and some bad luck. It’s not hard to see why it’s taken so long.”
Loveless and Wade are hopeful. They used the 2013 legislative session productively, capturing lost ground. The newest proposal in front of the legislature calls for a funding package split over three years. It was scheduled for a vote at the end of the recent legislative session, but once again the AICCM found itself at the mercy of outside forces. The tornados in Moore and Shawnee hit, and the legislature rightly gave the matter its full attention. Senate Pro Tem Brian Bingman and House Speaker T.W. Shannon, however, have agreed to postpone the vote until early in the 2014 session. The move is a little unconventional, but the bill has made its way through committees and is ready to go.
For now, the only visitors the Center sees are the maintenance men that routinely check the facility’s core systems and security guards that stand watch around the clock. Bitter AICCM supporters point to the uncompleted facility as another broken promise. Those willing to fight on do so without rancor, tirelessly explaining the importance –economic and cultural – of AICCM and carefully putting the pieces in place to ensure its survival. And many legislators that opposed the Center’s funding in the past are comfortable with the new plan or are at least willing to approach it with an open mind. The smart money says, despite the arduous road getting there, the doors of the AICCM will swing open, Oklahoma will see an unprecedented tourism windfall and the state’s rich Native American legacy will be have a fitting monument. | <urn:uuid:caf97fa9-ce6c-43e2-9eb3-83915a885a36> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.okmag.com/blog/2013/07/24/in_limbo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00006-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94363 | 1,470 | 2.390625 | 2 |
You should explain that the block size is return in BYTES, not the more commonly used unit, bits. Many readers are not going to know the DES block size and figure this out on their own.
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
mcrypt_get_block_size — Gets the block size of the specified cipher
The first prototype is when linked against libmcrypt 2.2.x, the second when linked against libmcrypt 2.4.x or 2.5.x.
mcrypt_get_block_size() is used to get the size of a block of the specified cipher (in combination with an encryption mode).
One of the MCRYPT_ciphername constants or the name of the algorithm as string.
Gets the block size, as an integer.
Example #1 mcrypt_get_block_size() example
This example shows how to use this function when linked against libmcrypt 2.4.x and 2.5.x.
echo mcrypt_get_block_size('tripledes', 'ecb'); // 8 | <urn:uuid:749f9710-8e6d-4cc8-8f41-688f6c7e0716> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://php.net/manual/fa/function.mcrypt-get-block-size.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00292-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.792601 | 233 | 2.828125 | 3 |
For more than 25 years, I have been creating retablos, hand-painted images of saints and angels.
Shortly after teaching myself the rudiments of reproducing iconic images on pieces of pinewood, I was fortunate to be able to apprentice with Master Santero Charlie Carrillo for a short time in Santa Fe.
Charlie and I went on a several expeditions to gather the natural materials from a variety of sites, including Abiquiu and Chama, New Mexico. My teacher and mentor taught me about the use of natural pigments for colors and how to create gesso from gypsum and rabbit-skin glue, tools I still use to this day.
The retablos are then sealed with homemade varnish from a mixture of trementina (pine sap) and grain alcohol.
The annual Corrales Harvest Festival (always in late September) is the main arts and crafts fair in which I participate, selling my santos in La Entrada Park next to the Corrales Library.
My retablos now hang on walls in homes from California to Boston, from Florida to Colorado, from Finland to Australia. Family members, friends and collectors like author Gary Soto and actor Edward James Olmos are among the proud owners of these pieces.
Retablos that I have recently painted can be purchased at Bookworks, 4022 Rio Grande Blvd. NW, Albuquerque, throughout the year.
When I taught at School-on-Wheels in Albuquerque’s South Valley, I was able to organize the creation of a Fresco Mural involved students of Bernadette Vigil, who apprenticed under an apprentice who learned directly from Mexican master fresco artist Diego Rivera.
The mural, on the front wall of the school, facing South, can still be seen at 120 Hartline Road SW, Albuquerque. | <urn:uuid:f599c0a0-9789-4c75-b541-6e8ba5414600> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.rudyjmiera.com/index.php/project/one-of-my-lives-and-loves-retablos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.940002 | 381 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Global Economy Prize
The prize is meant to honor those who have proposed creative, pathbreaking initiatives to deal with globalization and who dare envision a more wholesome future by addressing the global problems of our time.
Bernhard Harms Prize
The Bernhard Harms Prize, named after the founder of the Kiel Institute, is awarded once a year by the Kiel Institute with support of its "Fördergesellschaft". The prize in particular honors scholars with a distinguished record in the field of international economics. | <urn:uuid:e2ddb6ba-42cc-43c6-8766-949b055015d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ifw-kiel.de/institute/events/prizes-and-awards/?cookieLevel=not-set | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.928161 | 105 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Maybe you noticed it on fireworks night. High overhead after dusk, a bit toward the southwest, shines a bright star tinted like a drop of ginger ale. That’s Arcturus, the nearest orange giant. Don’t confuse it with Vega, very high toward the east, equally bright but icy blue-white. The colors are subtle but there if you look.
Very far below Arcturus, two more bright points await your view: the planet Saturn and, to its lower right, pale blue-white Spica. They form a long, very tall triangle. To astronomers, this bright summer threesome symbolizes three cutting-edge trends on the forefront of astronomy.
Saturn is the second largest planet in our solar system and the farthest that is easily visible. Many people remember when there were only a handful of planets in the known universe: those circling the sun. Now the tally of well-confirmed planets orbiting other stars stands at 723. Another 3,500 are very probably real.
Numbers like that give a vastly better perspective on the nature of the planet population across the universe – because we can tell a lot about their sizes, masses, orbits, temperatures, and in a few cases, their likely composition and even atmospheric chemistry.
We’ve recently learned, finally and for all time, that most stars have planets, and that planets with tolerable temperatures — possibly allowing rains and oceans — number in the tens of billions in our galaxy alone. We’ve learned that planets come in almost every conceivable size and mass, every temperature from red hot to sub-Plutonian cold, and with densities from superheavy cannonballs to rocky terrestrials to waterglobes to, in one case, the “styrofoam planet.”
Many solar systems, we have discovered, went through periods of chaos — resulting in wild, loopy orbits for the remaining worlds that did not smash each other apart, or merge, or get flung away to drift loose between the stars. It is a pinball game out there, nature does not care what happens to its worlds, and we’re lucky this stuff did not happen to us.
Expect more discoveries.
Glories of the early universe
Arcturus has been a familiar star of spring and summer since ancient times. But it may be the most alien thing you can easily lay eyes on.
Arcturus is an oddball, speeding across our stellar neighborhood like an out-of-stater racing 70 miles per hour down the block. Astronomers recently found 52 other, farther stars that share Arcturus’s speed and direction. They’re a big, sparse swarm flying in parallel. The swarm’s speed and size identify it as a tattered remnant from an alien dwarf galaxy that fell into our Milky Way and has mostly merged with it. Arcturus came from another galaxy.
And it is old — about 7 billion years old, compared with 4.6 billion for the sun and solar system. Arcturus is a messenger from an earlier era, displaying today the heavy-element-poor chemistry of the early universe when the star formed.
How stars and galaxies took shape in the early universe is another hot area of astronomy right now. Big new telescopes, working ever deeper into the infrared spectrum, have unveiled an era just a few billion years after the Big Bang when a gigantic burst of star formation lit up coalescing galaxies like fireworks. New stars still form today, but in nowhere near such numbers or in such spectacular spitting cauldrons.
Burn bright, burn fast
Another way giant new infrared telescopes are changing astronomy is by peering into the workings of star formation close at hand, in our own galaxy.
Spica is an example of a young, massive star burning so hot and fast that it will die quickly, cosmically speaking. It is only 10 million years old and has just a few million to go. Stars even younger than this, right back to newborns, can be identified around the sky.
But the actual birth processes — which include the birth of planets — are hidden from sight inside smoky, black gas cocoons. New infrared technologies are seeing the enormously complex and variable processes going on inside. This, too, is an exciting field that’s changing fast. Spica, a young star now shining free and clear of its birth cocoon, is a reminder.
Easy-to-use maps of stars and constellations across the entire evening sky are available at SkyandTelescope.com/gettingstarted.Alan M. MacRobert is a senior editor of Sky & Telescope magazine in Cambridge (SkyandTelescope.com). His Star Watch column appears the first Saturday of every month. | <urn:uuid:4690e3e8-a212-494a-bb15-f4bb84a6ee53> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/07/05/three-points-light-highlight-astronomy-frontiers/Egqko5uB3oiVuLL8Cyq35M/story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00157-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925282 | 982 | 2.859375 | 3 |
April 19, 2012
Malevich in the West
This story could begin in different places and at different times. It could begin today at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, where thousands of visitors see and appreciate paintings by Kazimir Malevich daily—including White on White, continuously on display since 1936. Or it could begin in Moscow, at the Tretiakov Gallery, in the recently opened galleries exhibiting the Russian/Soviet avant-garde, almost empty except for ever-present women-guards. There is hardly anyone to be found these days in front of the “Black Square”, which had not been on display in the Soviet Museums for many decades.
How can one explain these two strangely opposing scenes? How did it come to be that one of the most important artists of the twentieth century is respected and appreciated in the West, while neglected and almost forgotten in the land where he was born and worked his entire life?
VOX is delighted to welcome Nicolai Punin in Montreal. In the context of our inaugural exhibition Art Histories, he has kindly accepted our invitation to give a conference on Kazimir Malevich. Mr. Punin, who lives and works in St. Petersburg, was a friend and contemporary of Malevich. This slide-lecture aims to follow important historical moments of the reception of his work in Western Europe and the USA, from its earliest encounters with Futurism until the present-day appreciations of Suprematism.
The lecture will be in English.
2012.03.16 - 05.19
Of the countless artists who have engaged in institutional critiques, few have paid much heed to art history. And yet the history of art imposes, far less…Read more | <urn:uuid:0d9d93c9-500c-4ef9-9a5a-cd507e3ec0ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://centrevox.ca/en/conference/nicolas-punin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.964785 | 369 | 2.078125 | 2 |
The large Indo-Caribbean Hindu community in America observed the auspicious festival of Navratri, the
annual holy period of fasting in Hinduism that pays obeisance to the universal mother. Nav means nine and ratri means night. So it is a festival that is celebrated during the night with prayers and spiritual dancing and singing.The festival began on evening of September 29 and concluded on October 7. The observance was extended into the Dussehra celebration on October 8; Dussehra means tenth day and it is a festival observed to commemorate the destruction of evil forces. All temples in America held discourses on the occasion – some nightly service.Navratri is one of the holiest periods in the Hindu calendar that was accompanied with people fasting, visiting mandirs, and performing pujas as well as inviting pandits to conduct services at their home. People fasted during this period focusing on purification of the minds and bodies. During this period, people tend to pray with great fervor and devotion. Most Hindus offered jaal (dhaar) in the mornings at sunrise to Surya. Observant Hindus were seen nightly dressed in traditional colorful garb heading for the mandirs; there are dozens of mandirs in the greater Richmond Hill area.
In New York, all of the temples held Navratri kathas (discourses) and poojas. Pandit Rajin Balgobind of Guyana held his service under a beautifully and elaborately decorated tent at the Cheddi Jagan ground attracting a thousand worshippers nightly. The altar and the murthis were decorated with colorful flowers and a variety of fruits. There is a grand welcome with murthis at the entrance for worshippers. An elevated platform was built for worshippers. And at the side on the ground were hundreds of chairs. It was packed; there was standing room only. Pandit Rajin sat at the front mounted on the asan with the large life size murthis on his left side on an elevated pedestal and platform. Pt. Rajin’s Navratri discourse has become an annual rite over the last several years. Over a thousand worshippers packed the tent nightly.
The pandits explained that Navratri is an extremely wonderful festival highly inspiring and instructive on how people should live. It is associated with the propitiation of the feminine aspects of the Almighty – clearly illustrating that Hindus do not discriminate among the sexes. Hindus pay obeisance to both male and female murthis representing their God or Goddess. But during Navratri, Hindus focus on worshipping the Goddesses Durga and her two feminine Lakshmi and Saraswati. The same is true for pujas during Diwali when Goddess Laxmi is worshipped. Although Hindus pray to many Gods and Goddesses, there is only one God taking on many re-incarnations and names. Hindus believe they all represent the same one almighty God or Goddess who take different appearances for different purposes and came on earth at different times with different names to model an appropriate lifestyle for humans. In Hinduism, Gods as well as Goddesses are worshipped and for every God there is a corresponding Goddess as his consort as for example Shiva and Parbatie or Ram and Sita.
There are several meanings attached to the celebration of Navratri which is directly linked to other Hindu festivals like Ram Leela, that will be celebrated right after Navratri which will be followed by Diwali and then karthik or Teerat that concludes the year for religious festivals.One meaning given for Navratri is nine nights that connotes worshipping of the Goddess Durga, Lakshmi and Saraswati. Each Goddess is worshipped for three nights to offer protection (Durga), provide wealth (Lakshmi) and guide the devotee to knowledge (Saraswati) respectively. Durga means fort or a place that is protected. She is the General in charge of security of the nation. People pray to Durga for protection, strength and shakti (power) in defense against their many enemies. When people worship Durga, they are worshipping the other manifestations of God and are seeking divine protection and removal of disease. A devotee prostrates to Mother Lakshmi, the Goddess of prosperity, so that he or she can become wealthy, kind and generous towards others. And a devotee worships Mother Saraswati for wisdom.According to pandits, during Navratri, a devotee becomes conscious of his/her faults, limitations and internal enemies such as lust, hatred, greed and anger and want to reform his life. People make sacrifices in their fast so they can become conscious of their faults and correct them. By worshipping Durga and her sisters, these internal enemies are destroyed and are replaced by love, cheerfulness, compassion, and devotion. The famed Lord Rama is also associated with Navratri — his appearance, disappearance and reappearance in the holy city of Ayodha. In the spring Navratri, Hindus celebrate the birth of Lord Rama, and in the fall, Hindus celebrate the destruction of the evil Ravana by Lord Rama, signifying the triumph of good over evil which is also called Dussehra, a holiday in India.The Ramleela celebrations are associated with this period and Hindus are holding such celebrations in their communities. Ram Leela plays are very popular in Trinidad, Guyana and Surinam and are staged during the entire period. At the conclusion of Navratri, called
Vijay Dashmi, Dussehra or the burning of Ravana effigy is burnt symbolizing the destruction of evil. Dussehra symbolizes the conquest of good over evil. It has been a busy shopping season for worshippers and for stores. Liberty Avenue was packed with shoppers over the last couple of weeks. And pandits were busy for the season. In the Caribbean, it is traditional during Navratri for Hindus to invite priests to conduct poojas in their homes and or to visit the temples where the pandits narrate the thrilling episodes of the ‘Ramayana’. The same is done in NY among Guyanese and other Caribbean people. Worshippers offered jaal or dhar which is a mixture of curd, milk, honey, sugar, cloves, tills, and other sweet spices at a sacred place in their home or yard to a lingum – in their mandir. At poojas, worshippers make offerings of prasadam (with sugar cane, lapsey with puri, fruits, flowers, bail, tulsi and paan leaves, other paraphernalia such as sandal paste, and chandan, and burn in censes (agarbati, gugul, cloves, camphor, Kasturi) at the feet of the universal mother and Lord Rama. After pooja, there is bhojan or the feeding of the worshippers, an unique tradition observed by Hindus.
The Pandits’ discourse along with the singing of Bhajans and kirtan and the playing of music gave fulfillment to the devotees religious aspirations. The religious period continues into Diwali and Karthik which will be observed ending of this month concluding the auspicious season. | <urn:uuid:5726c576-76db-41d0-8ae2-088d132f9e64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://icdn.today/community-news-n-y-caribbean-hindus-observe-navratri/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.964403 | 1,498 | 2.796875 | 3 |
A monument for Lincoln Highway “father and founder” Carl Fisher will be dedicated this Saturday, October 3, 2009, at Fisher Pass in central Utah. Family member Jerry Fisher, who wrote The Pacesetter biography of Carl, will sign books afterwards. The site of the monument is at a crest on UT route 199 between Clover and Terra, Utah.
Guiding force Rollin Southwell writes:
Its been a long haul and we have lost a few of our committee members that gave their time and first $1000.00 for this project. They are the late Thomas A See and the late Norma Berns. But with the help,support and donations we are ready. A great big thank you goes to Stephen Ehninger of EFT Architects, Jerry Timmins, Jack Mason, Kenn Gillette with UDOT-Region 2, American Road Magazine, National Lincoln Highway Assoc. and State Chapters.
Fisher Pass was part of a plan by the Lincoln Highway Association to shorten the route across the Great Salt Desert. Using what was then calledJohnson Pass and building a road across the great Salt Flat (Goodyear Cutoff) would shorten the distance between Salt Lake City, Ut and Ely, NV by some 50 miles. Though the Cutoff was never compleed, Fisher Pass was finished. The State of Utah received Fisher money with interest, but the agreement was never completed as it was to include a monument to Fisher. The RG Southwell Foundation has led the charge in recent years to finally complete the task. Learn more at fisherpass.com/. | <urn:uuid:b0135b5b-6b29-4ee9-b187-9f1ee0b04938> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://lincolnhighwaynews.wordpress.com/2009/09/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00030-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96959 | 317 | 1.632813 | 2 |
What is Local Resilience Against Radicalization and How can
Belief in one God, The religion of Islam is based on one core belief, that there is no god worthy of worship but Allah. When a person embraces Islam or a Muslim wants to renew or confirm his or her faith, they profess their belief that there is no god worthy of worship but Allah and that Muhammad is His final messenger. Roger Hardy: Islamism is widely misunderstood in the west. It has its roots in a reaction to the global politics of the 20th century - A Critique Bergin, Jones and Ungerer’s paper Beyond Belief: Islamism, Radicalisation and the Counter-Terrorism Response explores militant Islam and its religious ideology as one of the key motivators behind modern terrorism threats. Over recent decades, Islamism—the belief that Islam should guide social and political as well as personal life—has become a powerful force throughout much of the Muslim world.
Islam Is A Religion Of Peace. Is the rise of terrorism and violence justifiably traced to the teachings of Islam, or is this call to war a twisted interpretation of the true May 14, 2020 The group's senior leadership also called Islam a “hygiene-oriented” religion. It cited Quranic verses that referenced the importance of Oct 17, 2017 Fifth, religion is only one of many factors that lead to instability and violence in largely Muslim states. It is a critical ideological force in shaping the Islam is currently the second largest religion in the world next to Christianity. Despite the fact that there are so many Muslims in the world, in many places there is The two graphs you will study in this activity provide information about differences of belief and religious commitment within the U.S. Muslim population.
ISLAMISM, DA WA ELLER DET SANNA ISLAM? - PDF Free Download
Creeds Six Articles of Faith: Religious Authority Qur'an, Hadith: God(s) Islamism is a concept whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts. The term can refer to diverse forms of social and political activism advocating that public and political life should be guided by Islamic principles or more specifically to movements that call for full implementation of sharia (Islamic order or law).
Rösta som muslim vad innebär det för oss när de blir i
is also anti-Christian, having a perverted view of the reli May 11, 2018 Islam is the world's fastest-growing religion. Learn the basic beliefs and practices of Muslims around the world. Jul 15, 2016 Supporters of the Islamist Ennahda movement wave national and is to advocate for a privileged social and political role for Islamic belief. Dec 1, 2020 4. The 5 Pillars of Islamic Beliefs · Shahadah: Declaring one's faith (saying that Allah is the only god and Muhammad is Allah's messenger) · Salat: Sep 3, 2019 Revolutionary Religion: Shia Islam and the Iranian Revolution The final section will examine the role that Shi'a Islam played in the revolution, Islam began with the Prophet Muhammad. Islam means "surrender" and its central idea is a surrendering to the will of God. Its central article of faith is that " There is Media coverage of Islam-related issues has changed dramatically since the an inseparable part of being Muslim, as well as religion as justification for violent Islam has several branches and much variety within those branches. The two divisions within the tradition are the Sunni and Shi'a, each of which claims different Islam is a religion like any other and people act based on how they view Islam, not how Islam views them.
av ME Wimelius · 2018 · Citerat av 7 — 10 Daniela Pisoiu, “Coming to Believe 'Truths' About Islamist Radicalization in Mental Health Beliefs and Processes for Addressing 'Mental Health Issues'
Motivated by Islamic beliefs, particularly in the political sphere (e.g. a supporter of the introduction of sharia law). (dated) Relating to Islam, particularly orthodox
Under constant threat, demonized by reactionary Islamists and politicians, as the development of her beliefs, iron will, and extraordinary determination to fight
Läs ”Islamism Contested Perspectives on Political Islam” av på Rakuten Kobo. this contentious term in discussing Muslim religion, tradition, and social conflict.
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Muslims have six major beliefs: Belief in one God (Allah) Belief in the Angels Belief in the holy books sent to all the prophets including Torah that was revealed to the prophet Moses, Bible that was Belief in all the prophets sent by God including Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Belief in the Day of Judgment is extremely important in Islam. This event will signal the transition between the temporary life of this world to the eternal life in the hereafter. On that day, people will be resurrected and held accountable for their deeds in life, which will determine their eternal destination in Heaven or Hell. At the core, is Islamic beliefs and practices. 6 Beliefs of Islam.
This category is on: Beliefs of Islam. This website is for people of various faiths who seek to understand Islam and Muslims. It contains a lot of brief, yet informative articles about different aspects of Islam. 10 Basic Beliefs In Islam.SUBSCRIBE: http://bit.ly/SubscribeFtdFactsI will be highlighting 10 of the basic beliefs in Islam. 10 Surprising Facts About Jesus
Dr Musharraf Hussain introduces the basic beliefs of Islam and explores the belief (iman) with Dr Jon Hoover. This is the first in a series of videos examini
Radical adherents of religion may interpret their faith in an extreme way, sometimes not according to the religion's original intent. Islam's Prophet Muhammad advised, according to reputed narrator Imam Al-Bukhari, "Do good deeds properly, sincerely and moderately .
Stötvågsbehandling njursten sjukskrivning
Allah is viewed as the sole God—creator, sustainer, and restorer of the world. Basic beliefs – Islam is the second most followed religion in the world. About one-fourth of the world’s population pursues Islam that was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in Makkah over 1400 years ago. There are five pillars of Islam that form the core of this religion. The Six Kalima in Islam are six very important parts of Islamic belief, mostly taken from hadith (in some traditions, six phrases, then known as the six kalimas). The kalimas are the basic beliefs of Muslims around the word. It is mandatory for every muslim to read … ABSTRACT Islamism is a complex phenomenon with multiple dimensions and various ramifications.
Böcker av muslimska författare – Muslimer.se Foto. Islam | Religion | SO-rummet Foto. Gå till. EGYPT - ISLAM In Egypt, young people are changing Islam .
Utilitarianism john stuart mill
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religion Islam - Swedish translation – Linguee
the belief that Islam should…. Learn more. The terms “Islamism” and “Islamist” are wholly associated with conservative or puritanical expressions of political Islam. What we need instead is an understanding of Islamism that is Guide to Islam, including history, beliefs, holy days around the world and message boards. Islamism is a way of life, a peace to exit within.
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Islam in Sweden - Wikipedia
Mr. DiPuccio, Hence belief in Jesus is an element of faith that is common to Christianity and Islam even though the two faiths believe in him differently. Both faiths hold Jesus in high esteem. Muslims and Christians believe that Jesus entered the world in a miraculous manner; that he worked mighty deeds on earth; that his exit was mysterious; and that his second coming will be spectacular. Muslims have six main beliefs, called the Articles of Faith.
Den våldsbejakande islamistiska miljön - Center mot
Islamist thinkers believe in a pan-Islamic political unity which encompasses all members of Islam no matter which nation state they may live within.
Islamism is -- from the perspective of someone born and raised within the mainstream majority Sunni Islam -- an ideology fascistic and totalitarian in impulse and action, masquerading as religion. Islam Beliefs, Culture, the Qur'an, Facts about Political Radical Islamism, History and Spread of Islam, Anti Islam, Criticism of Islam Religion of Peace, Political Correctness, and more Here is a selection of resources from the people interviewed. This is no definitive guide to Islam beliefs, culture, the Qur'an, But Islamism is not just a religion; it is also a totalitarian ideology. It regulates not only religious practice, but also civil law, public speech, dress, diet, marriage, family, economics, | <urn:uuid:9895bd62-b937-4bed-99c2-83e0855e4712> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://investeringarjdzg.web.app/34632/60934.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.914844 | 1,889 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Ib Kofod-Larsen (1921-2003) was one of the pioneers of the Danish modern in the 1950s. Kofod-Larsen received his architecture degree from the Royal Danish Academy, and he also worked as a designer – one of his best-known works is the Knitting Chair from 1951. Rather than a regional phenomenon, Kofod-Larsen saw Scandinavian design as part of international modernism, and he became one of the best-selling Danish architects in the United States in the 1950s. He also collaborated with many furniture manufacturers in the US, Europe and Japan.
Ib Kofod-Larsen has designed pieces for the following brands: Menu | <urn:uuid:1d136bf5-028a-4862-9a0b-b25946caac49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.finnishdesignshop.com/Ib_Kofod-Larsen-d-1130.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.980682 | 162 | 1.632813 | 2 |
That 2018 was a year of political upheaval and economic turbulence for Pakistan is perhaps no surprise: it was, after all, an election year.
Starting with the Senate elections, and a landmark 11th General Election in July and subsequent by-polls, the outgoing year was a roller-coaster ride that saw the two houses of Parliament and provincial legislatures elect new members.
But even as political loyalties shifted, allegations of foul play were traded and scores lost their lives in pre-election violence, the democratic systems of Pakistan witnessed progress. A new government took office and commenced its five-year tenure with what turned out to be a whirlwind start.
But elections were not all that defined the departing year.
Far from the corridors of power, the Pakistani nation was living stories of its own, shaping developments that could alter the country's course for years to come.
In this respect, social media played a greater role than ever before. It gave voice to the concerns of the public, with many taking to citizen journalism to highlight social, ethical, environmental, and political ills, arguably shifting the balance of power from the hands of a few to the masses. Many a tragedy saw swift recourse on the part of authorities due to an outcry on various online platforms.
Dawn.com looks at the top events that dominated the national and political discourse this year.
Imran Khan: the kaptaan turns prime minister
After polling ended at 6pm, the nation watched in anticipation as results started to creep in. While the initial vote count was underway, several political parties cried foul, saying their polling agents were thrown out of polling stations and not issued Form-45 copies.
What made matters murkier was the sudden suspension in the flow of results, with the ECP announcing before midnight that its newly developed Results Transmission System (RTS), which was set up for swift electronic transmission of results, had "collapsed". This was followed by the PML-N — the main contender to the PTI — outright rejecting the election and almost all other major parties alleging rigging and blaming the ECP for failing to conduct transparent polls.
As the painfully slow vote count continued, it became clear that the PTI would be able to form government at the centre. After a 22-year-long political struggle, Imran Khan knew his moment had arrived.
In an afternoon TV address 22 hours after polling ended, the PTI chairman declared victory, saying he would be open to investigating the opposition's claims of rigging. Khan, in a 25-minute speech, promised wide-ranging reforms, and was hailed by critics as "statesmanly" and "impressive".
After securing some much-needed support from smaller parties and independents, Imran Khan defeated PML-N's Shahbaz Sharif to be elected the 22nd prime minister of Pakistan on August 17. He took oath the next day at a simple ceremony which concluded an acrimonious election season.
Nawaz Sharif: ousted prime minister jailed again
The outgoing year saw former prime minister Nawaz Sharif and his family members face trials in three corruption references filed against them by the National Accountability Bureau (NAB) on the Supreme Court's orders.
In what became a near-daily ritual, the Sharifs' appearances at the accountability court in Islamabad were accompanied by media talks in which they lashed out at their political opponents and, at times, railed against the judiciary and 'khalai makhlooq' ─ a new addition to the political lexicon this year.
Read more: Nawaz Sharif’s ET politics
Over 100 such appearances later, on July 6, Accountability Judge Mohammad Bashir sentenced Nawaz to 10 years in prison, handing his daughter Maryam and son-in-law retired Captain Mohammad Safdar seven and one years in jail respectively in the Avenfield properties reference.
A week later, the defiant Sharifs returned to Pakistan from London where they had been tending to Begum Kulsoom as she underwent treatment for cancer.
Also read: The sombre father and smiling daughter
After landing at Lahore airport, the father-daughter duo was swiftly whisked onto a plane and flown to Islamabad. They were later shifted to Rawalpindi's Adiala Jail ─ where Safdar awaited them ─ to serve their jail terms.
About two months later, they were released on parole for five days after Kulsoom passed away. Two days after they were shifted back to Adiala Jail at the end of their parole period, the Islamabad High Court suspended the sentences given to Nawaz, Maryam and Safdar, releasing them on bail.
NAB challenged the IHC verdict in the Supreme Court, which accepted the bureau's appeal and ordered the constitution of a larger bench for regular hearings.
Then, in another upset for the Sharifs in December, Nawaz was found guilty once more by an accountability court and sentenced to seven years in prison, and fined Rs1.5 billion and US $25 million in the Al-Azizia Steel Mills corruption reference. The court, however ruled that there was no case against him in the Flagship Investments reference.
Aasia Bibi: a free citizen — at least on paper
In a landmark judgement, the Supreme Court on October 31 overturned the death sentence of Aasia Bibi, a Christian woman convicted on a blasphemy charge, and ordered her immediate release from jail after around eight years.
The judgement sparked almost immediate countrywide protests by religiopolitical groups led by the Tehreek-i-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP). As the agitators blocked roads and used incendiary language against the judiciary and military, Prime Minister Imran Khan appeared on TV to issue a stern warning to them: "Do not clash with the state."
Barely two days after what some had termed a "bold" and "no-nonsense" message, however, the PTI government entered into a deal with the TLP, agreeing to "initiate the legal process" to put Aasia Bibi on the no-fly list.
With a review petition against the SC judgement pending, Bibi and her family are reportedly staying at a safe house in Pakistan despite offers of asylum from various countries.
Editorial: Another surrender
Weeks after the verdict, as the TLP prepared to agitate the masses once again, law enforcement personnel arrested the party's chief, Khadim Hussain Rizvi, and booked him under sedition and terrorism charges.
Thousands of other protesters were also arrested as police launched a massive crackdown against TLP and Tehreek-i-Labbaik Ya Rasool Allah.
Another blasphemy case that saw a major development this year concerned the 2017 lynching of Mardan university student Mashal Khan. The prime accused in the murder case of the 23-year-old student, Imran Ali, was sentenced to death by a trial court and 30 others were awarded jail terms.
Zainab Ansari: A nation’s conscience shaken
The horrific rape and murder of a six-year-old girl in Kasur ─ a city already notorious for being the home of a child pornography ring ─ was a sickening reminder of how rampant sexual violence against children is in the country.
Explore: Is something wrong with Kasur?
Zainab Ansari was found dead on January 9 after going missing five days earlier. She had endured rape and captivity before being strangled to death and dumped in a garbage heap. The discovery of her corpse seemed to be the last nail in the coffin for the weary residents of Kasur, where Zainab's was the 12th such case to occur within a two-kilometre radius over the last year.
As a photograph of the child and the news went viral, the nation was united in its outrage. The outcry caught the Supreme Court’s attention, which put the police under pressure to arrest the perpetrator.
While the issue was white hot, the spectre of another child’s rape and murder reared its ugly head in Mardan: four-year-old Asma’s body was found dumped in a sugarcane field a day after she had gone missing. Forensics and an autopsy confirmed she had been raped and strangled. This case too drew the attention of the chief justice.
Later that month, then-Punjab chief minister Shahbaz Sharif announced the arrest of Imran Ali, the serial rapist-murderer responsible for killing Zainab and at least seven others. Shahbaz said a DNA match had been used to determine the suspect’s culpability.
DNA testing also enabled police to nab Asma’s 15-year-old cousin, Mohammad Nabi, who was found responsible for her rape and murder.
Less than a week later, an anti-terrorism court sentenced three perpetrators of the infamous Kasur child sex abuse ring to life imprisonment. Zainab’s murderer, meanwhile, was sentenced to death on multiple counts in mid-February, while Asma’s was jailed for life in July.
Naqeebullah: the Waziristan native killed in a 'fake encounter'
Although reports of police encounters don't garner much attention among readers ─ perhaps due to their frequency ─ news of the killing of Waziristan native Naqeebullah Mehsud and three others in an encounter with a police team headed by then SSP Malir Rao Anwar on Karachi's outskirts in January spread like wildfire on social media.
The police claim that the 27-year-old aspiring model was a militant appeared incredulous when photos of a man with long, flowing tresses and a fashionably trimmed beard started making the rounds online.
Amid public outrage, the SC took notice of the extra-judicial killing and a police inquiry found the 'encounter' to be fake. Meanwhile, Anwar went into hiding, but surrendered two months later after the SC ordered action against him. He is currently out on bail as the trial against him and a number of other policemen continues.
Naqeeb's murder led to a 10-day-long protest in Islamabad pressing for the arrest of suspended SSP Anwar. The protests coincided with the rise of a broader movement for the rights of Pashtuns native to the tribal areas most affected by terrorism and anti-militancy operations, coined the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement.
The movement to seek justice for Naqeeb continues to this day.
Explore: On the streets for justice
Atif Mian asked to quit PM Khan's advisory council over religious beliefs
In what was seen as its first major 'U-turn', the PTI government in September asked Princeton University economist Atif R Mian to step down from the Prime Minister Imran Khan-led Economic Advisory Council (EAC) after religiopolitical parties threatened to agitate if Mian, an Ahmadi, was not removed.
The news of his removal from the body came as a rude shock for many, since the PTI government had only days earlier defended the academic's nomination, saying in categorical terms that it would "not bow to extremists".
As the government reeled from the backlash over the polarising move, more embarrassment followed with the resignation of the two other international economists on the council, who stepped down from their appointments in protest against Mian's removal from the EAC.
Read more: A guide to growing up Ahmadi in Pakistan
The Supreme Court’s crusade for the fundamental rights of the people
While the Supreme Court has historically taken up issues that concern the public at large, never has there been an effort as vigorous and untiring as the one initiated by Chief Justice Mian Saqib Nisar.
The biggest issue the chief justice made his personal mission was that of combating water scarcity. To this end, he announced the creation of a fund on July 4 for donations contributing to the construction of Diamer-Bhasha and Mohmand dams.
Bottled water companies also came into the crosshairs of the top court for alleged exploitation of water resources and consumers. The chief justice ordered an audit of all mineral water companies and ordered them to pay Rs1 per litre for use of groundwater. He also forbade them from passing the charges on to consumers.
The chief justice also took interest in the state of public hospitals and the availability of quality healthcare only to those who could afford to pay a premium.
In a welcome move, the Punjab Healthcare Commission recently confronted the 'doctor-hospital cartels' in Lahore upon the court's directives after it raised concerns over the alleged fleecing of patients and negligence demonstrated by private hospitals.
Justice Saqib Nisar's most recent mission is to tackle the problem of an exponential growth in population as the country’s resources continue to dwindle.
Pakistan continues to grapple with terror
This year was a reminder that Pakistan’s war against extremism is still not over. Terror attacks spiked in the pre-election period, and continued even after the Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf entered the corridors of power.
In February, 11 security officials were martyred and 13 others wounded in a TTP-claimed suicide attack on an Army camp in Swat.
On July 10, a TTP suicide attacker targeted an Awami National Party (ANP) corner meeting in Peshawar, claiming the lives of party leader Haroon Bilour and 21 others.
While the nation was still reeling, four people were killed and 32 injured in a TTP-claimed remote-controlled blast targeting Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam (JUI-F) candidate Akram Khan Durrani ─ who himself survived the attempt on his life.
The same day, an IS-engineered suicide attack targeting a political gathering in Balochistan’s Mastung district claimed 149 lives. Among the fallen was Balochistan Awami Party (BAP) election candidate Nawabzada Siraj Raisani. Over 200 people were injured.
The quick succession of deadly terror attacks renewed calls for the implementation of the National Action Plan.
Just three months after Imran Khan assumed prime ministership, two attacks on a single day shook the government: The morning of November 23 saw a foiled gun-and-grenade attack ─ claimed by the Baloch Liberation Army ─ on the Chinese consulate in Karachi, followed hours later by an explosion in lower Orakzai, which left 34 people dead and 36 injured. There was no claim of responsibility for the senseless act of violence.
The prime minister vowed that the terrorists would be crushed, "whatever it takes". Five days after the Chinese consulate attack Dawn learnt that the Interior Ministry plans to unveil a new version of NAP and restructure the National Counter Terrorism Authority (Nacta).
Nawaz creates firestorm with Mumbai attacks trial remarks
Nawaz Sharif was slapped with a treason case after his remarks about the Mumbai attacks trial created a firestorm ─ both at home and in India.
In an exclusive interview with Dawn in May, the PML-N supremo criticised the delay in the conclusion of the Mumbai attacks trial in Pakistan. "Militant organisations are active. Call them non-state actors, should we allow them to cross the border and kill 150 people in Mumbai? Explain it to me. Why can’t we complete the trial?" Sharif had asked in the interview.
Although it was just one of the many subjects the three-time premier had touched upon, Indian media had spun the statement as a tacit admission of Pakistan's involvement in the 2008 attacks which left 166 people dead. Despite widespread criticism, Sharif defended his remarks.
The criticism was not limited to words, however. A petition was filed in the Lahore High Court accusing Sharif of treason for allegedly trying to defame state institutions through his interview. The case is currently adjourned in the high court.
'Father of the Taliban' assassinated
JUI-S chief Maulana Samiul Haq was murdered in his home in Rawalpindi in November. The Darul Uloom Haqqania seminary head, also known as the 'father of the Taliban', was found "stabbed to death and lying in a pool of blood" in his bedroom by his son.
A month before the killing, a high-level delegation from Afghanistan had called on him to help resolve the Afghan issue. He had been aligned with the ruling Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf for the July 25 election.
While the police are still piecing together clues to solve the crime, an important development took place on December 13, when Sami's personal secretary was arrested after having "disappeared mysteriously" after the funeral. He is now a person of interest and "an important figure" in the murder investigation.
Senate wheeling and dealing
Horse-trading allegations were rampant following the results of the March 3 Senate election in which PML-N came out on top with 15 seats, as expected, but PPP pulled off a startling victory with 12 seats to their name.
Eyebrows were raised over the fact that MQM-P, despite having 37 seats in the Sindh Assembly, only came away with one seat from the province, while the PPP managed to scrape together two seats from KP with only 7 MPAs in the province, a point raised by PTI chief Imran Khan.
There were cries of foul play as PTI snatched a seat away from PML-N in Punjab with 44 first priority votes while having only 39 votes as part of a PTI-PML(Q) alliance. The numbers did not add up. This suggested PTI candidate Chaudhry Sarwar was voted for by PML-N and maybe PPP members as well.
The appointment of the Senate chairman and deputy chairman, however, turned the tables on the PML-N. Their candidate, Raja Zafarul Haq, was defeated by Balochistan Senator Sadiq Sanjrani in the run for Senate chairman. Sanjrani made history by being the first senator from Balochistan elected to the post.
The Senate hall erupted with cheers for Asif Ali Zardari who was credited with orchestrating Sanjrani’s victory. The PPP, it was alleged, had colluded with the PTI ─ both determined to not let PML-N win come what may.
In turn, PPP Senator Saleem Mandviwalla emerged victorious in the election for deputy chairman, defeating PML-N-backed Usman Khan Kakar.
Nearly six years after having escaped the clutches of death, Malala Yousafzai set foot on Pakistani soil again.
"I still can't believe that this is actually happening," the teary-eyed 20-year-old Oxford student ─ who was shot in the head by the Taliban in Mingora in 2012 on her way home from school ─ said in her homecoming speech.
Malala, a teenage peace campaigner, had been targeted by the militants for speaking against their ban on girls going to school. She had been flown to the UK from Pakistan in an unconscious state, where she woke up from a coma far from her family and friends.
On her return home, Malala found Pakistan a changed place. There is "definitely a difference between the Pakistan of today and in 2012…Things are becoming better, people are uniting and a campaign for better Pakistan is ongoing, people are active which is very good."
Diamer: a town haunted by attacks on girls' schools
Residents of Gilgit-Baltistan's Diamer area woke up on August 2 to find that 13 schools in the region ─ mostly girls-only institutes ─ had been set on fire and vandalised in what appeared to be a coordinated and well-planned assault.
An operation was launched in the area to arrest the culprits. At least 40 people have been arrested so far in connection with the torching of schools in GB, while 15 suspects are still being hunted down.
But what haunts the locals the most about the arson spree is quite literally the writing on the wall left by the attackers: "We will not rest until we've burned down all the girls schools."
Anti-encroachment drives draw ire
As the year drew to a close, the Supreme Court ordered massive anti-encroachment drives in various cities.
What began in Saddar in October, soon extended to other parts of the city with city administration deciding to do away with all concrete structures and other encroachments on city drains, footpaths, parks and roundabouts. The drive to clear encroachments from along and around the KCR track is currently under way.
Though the action stems from a resolve to weed out land-grabbers and encroachment mafia, thousands of shop owners, cart vendors and citizens have been left jobless and homeless, and the drive has altered the socioeconomic and cultural landscape of the city.
The prime minister, the Sindh chief minister, and the mayor have all promised alternative arrangements and compensation to the affectees.
Also in October, the Lahore Development Authority repossessed 80 kanals of land in Johar Town illegally grabbed by the notorious Mansha 'Bamm'.
Hundreds of kanals of state land were also recovered in other operations in the city of gardens. Similar drives followed in Faisalabad, Multan, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Chiniot, Nankana Sahib and Kasur.
Ahsan Iqbal's brush with death
An attempt was made on then interior minister Ahsan Iqbal's life in May at a corner meeting in Narowal.
Iqbal received a bullet in his right shoulder from a 30 bore pistol fired from 20 yards away. The shooter was overpowered by bystanders and handed over to the police. He was handed 30 years and two months in prison and fined Rs280,000.
The shooter confessed to having links with Tehreek-i-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP) and having made the attempt over the Khatm-i-Nabuwwat (finality of prophethood) issue.
The TLP condemned the attack and branded it as pre-election conspiracy, with party chief Khadim Hussain Rizvi and Pir Afzal Qadri urging the government to initiate a judicial probe. | <urn:uuid:eb9748f7-e7e9-4c55-a6c2-0caf622b0dcf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dawn.com/news/1451757 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.974331 | 4,645 | 1.632813 | 2 |
In today's world of rising energy prices and global concerns for the environment and sustainability, there's never been a better time to get a handle on your energy usage and cost. The old adage "What gets measured, gets managed" is very true, and your first step towards energy efficiency and cost savings is to simply track your bills. GreenQuest, your personal energy information website, does that and much more!
Start by entering your energy and water bills. From there, GreenQuest does all the work! You'll see how you compare with other similar users in your area, spot costly utility bill errors, get an accurate carbon footprint... even learn how much of an impact the weather has on your electricity and fuel consumption. As GreenQuest brings your boring utility bill data to life, dont be surprised if a few money and environment-savings ideas sprout up! | <urn:uuid:cd531f2c-01a8-4812-b1a5-5254ddcdc10a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wuhsd.org/Page/42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947585 | 175 | 1.992188 | 2 |
2004 HALL OF FAME John Bell -- Ethics Really Matter
By Erik Cagle
Truth be known, many customers of The Ovid Bell Press in Fulton, MO, never enjoy the opportunity to realize just how honestly and fairly they’re being treated.
And that’s just fine with President and CEO John Bell—a third generation printer, a man of integrity and honesty, and a 2004 Printing Impressions/RIT Printing Industry Hall of Fame inductee. While Bell prefers the problem-free experiences, it is those challenges that arise during the print production process that allow The Ovid Bell Press to showcase its abilities.
“It’s that problem we often create in the world of printing that allows us the opportunity to display what we’re made of,” says the 53-year-old. “Nowadays, you don’t hear many people stand up and take responsibility for their actions, but I think our customers appreciate our candor. Honor plays a big part in our company’s business ethics. We want to be sure that we’re very honest and fair with our customers.”
The Ovid Bell Press is deceiving; it smacks of a small-town community printer, yet the 120-employee sheetfed and web shop is a publication printer with a national scope. Of the 200 regular short-run magazines and periodicals it churns out every month, only 20 customers are in-state. Associations, medical publishers and special interest magazines, journals and newsletters constitute The Ovid Bell Press’ primary clientele.
The printing industry has the failed political aspirations of “Silver Dick” Bland to thank for The Ovid Bell Press’ contributions in short-run publications. As some followers of late 19th century U.S. politics are well-aware, Rep. Richard P. Bland (D-MO)—a.k.a. Silver Dick or Honest Dick, who gained notoriety for the 1878 Bland-Allison Act that brought us the Morgan silver dollar coin—made a run at his party’s 1896 presidential nomination. He ultimately lost to fellow Democrat William Jennings Bryan (who himself was to presidential bids what the Buffalo Bills were to Super Bowl bids: wildly unsuccessful). Three years later, Bland died. | <urn:uuid:8955e13b-7b20-4589-9168-497c5a78d03b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.piworld.com/article/2004-hall-of-fame-john-bell-ethics-really-matter-17258/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00224-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937231 | 475 | 1.5 | 2 |
Today is Glioblastoma (GBM) Awareness Day “Every day, a doctor walks into an exam room and tells a patient that they have been diagnosed with glioblastoma (GBM). A patient learns that GBM is the most common, complex, treatment-resistant, and deadliest type of brain tumor. #GBMDay works to change that conversation. We seek to honor and remember, as well as to take action to help others currently facing glioblastoma, and all who may be impacted in the future.” Learn more at the National Brain Tumor Society.
We didn't have much in common father and daughter I went left, you went right I opened and you closed I listened while you talked I was young, you were old I was healthy and you were sick I was a blank slate while you knew everything I wore blades, you wore quads I watched and you stole the show Then you had cancer. Now I do too. I will survive mine, yours finished you. I wish I could have told you. You would have understood. Your eyes expressed sorrow and love. Mine do too. I wish you could have told me All that you knew. Maybe there is more, not less. I am not the little girl you once knew. Because you had cancer and now I do too. -Poem and block print by Sharon Frances
Why I wrote Ash and Feather, by Sharon Frances
Our podcast, Ash and Feather: A Bird/Girl and Her Father’s Cancer will air on Monday July 27. Countdown: 5 Days to release. Find us on Anchor FM. In the meantime, please enjoy Sharon’s video on why she wrote Ash and Feather. Sharon’s father passed away from glioblastoma.
The stories below speak to the unspeakable endurance and inspiration of parents struggling through the impact of tumors and cancer in the brain. After you read, consider attending and sharing our Ash and Feather podcast and events to honor, learn and advocate for families impacted by brain tumors.
A Mother Tells Her Story, by Louisa Higgins
by Louisa Higgins, VAPA Coordinator, Riverside County Department of Education
When my son was twelve, he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. The news absolutely leveled me, and during the six weeks between his diagnosis and his surgery, I woke up every day crying and went to sleep each night crying. My coping skills revolved around putting the fear and grief I was feeling into a box, and compartmentalizing it during my work day so that I could function. After my son’s surgery, I was facing a new kind of reality, where I had to get up round the clock to medicate and check on him. I was devastated by the fact that he was so altered by the surgery. It was like working with an older person after a stroke. My bright, happy boy changed overnight into an entirely different person, and it was incredibly difficult for me to face the new normal. I don’t know why I did it, but I started to paint again. I was in my first year as a Teacher on Special Assignment for the Arts, and I was working with a lot of young artists. They repeatedly asked me, “Why don’t you paint?” but I didn’t imagine myself as an artist. Finally, I was so overwhelmed and dejected that finally I tried. Each night, after tending to my son, I would go into the garage, put on world music, and paint my heart out for hours. I wasn’t very good from a skills perspective, but my work was raw and truthful and it was most definitely autobiographical. I didn’t have the means or support to seek out therapy or medication, and so all of my feelings poured through me and into the art. It was cathartic and it helped me to cope in ways I didn’t understand. I literally reached a point where it was impossible for me NOT to be creating as much as I could. After a year, I had produced so much artwork that a kind soul offered me a solo show. I was shy to put my work out there, because it was so personal and so vulnerable, but friends, family and the community celebrated it and uplifted me. In the end, it has never been about other people’s appreciation of it. I do it for me. I hardly ever sell my work now, I just give it to people who enjoy it. That life changing experience helped me know how much art heals and saves. I am a passionate advocate for the arts being a part of all student’s lives, because I know they will need it as a tool to be well and to cope. Both of my daughters now paint, and they are both post college graduation and pursuing non art careers. They do it because it relieves stress, feels good to them, and produces results that please them. I hope that everyone gives themselves the opportunity to access the arts in a non-judgmental way. We are sentient beings, and we need a way to express and share those feelings.
–Louisa Higgins is a parent, artist, and the VAPA Coordinator for the Riverside County Department of Education.
In Memorium: Rachel Jewell
The Jewell Family Last week, Rachel Jewell, a fellow mother with breast cancer, passed away. She was a shining light, a creative force, and a passionate supporter of her breast cancer sisters. Rachel contacted me through the Little Green Monster Project, and shared our resources with many of her friends. This is what she said:
“I am a mother of 2 spunky little girls ages 4 and 2, and am living with metastatic triple negative breast cancer. I am currently in a clinical trial because all the chemos, rounds of radiation, and a mastectomy has shown no progress. As a mother of young children, in the beginning of this journey I searched for any information I could find on how to talk and interact with my toddlers about my cancer and not a lot is out there but let’s be honest our kids are smart and I needed some guidance. I found some books which were good but it wasn’t until I opened the box from Little Green Monster that it hit me for the last 18 months this is what I had been looking for. The kit we received was fantastic. My girls love to be crafty and when I say love I mean at 7am all the art supplies are scattered around the kitchen. For them to be able to create their own green monster was so much fun for them to do. The book is honest yet whimsical with great illustrations my girls love. It has tips and vocabulary on talking with children about cancer and how to discuss their emotions and creativity. This kit is amazing and helps my husband and myself open up the communication of my cancer with our toddlers. Plus, there are online resources that I have found helpful too. I am forever thankful I have come across the Little Green Monster Project! You all are doing great things and helping families more then you will ever know.”
Rachel sent me pictures of her children’s play, including the one of her girls in their “rocket ship.” She inspired me to write the blog, Braving Big Questions. Along with the photos, she sent this note:
“Sorry this took so long to send. I haven’t gotten the best of news lately, it’s now not only in my lung but brain and I’ve been busy with appointments and trying to process it all and be a mom too.” Rachel was brave. Her smile, her generosity, her passion for being the best mother to her girls. She embodied love. During one check-in conversation, she told me:
“I’ve had a few bad days since I found out about the brain Mets… I’ve been doing this cancer stuff almost 2 years (in July) and never been told NED (“no evidence of disease”) and have always been on treatment and just bad news after bad news but the brain Mets has gotten to me and I’ve had a few really bad days since I found out Jan 21 but I just keep on keepin on! I have to. I have 2 amazing girls.”
Two weeks ago, I messaged Rachel again. She wrote:
“I’m in the hospital having brain surgery tomorrow. Cancer has gotten really bad. We are just all in shock. I’ll be in ICU for a while after tomorrow.”
Then, the following day, I asked her how she was feeling. She sent one word: “Rough.” And then she was gone.
I write this story in memory and honor of Rachel’s life. She is the reason that I work with families impacted by cancer. Together, we will read, feel, create and heal until the very end. I love you Rachel. I dedicate Ash and Feather to you.
Resources for Families on Grief and Loss
Questions and Answers about Children’s Grief, Scholastic, 2011.
You are the Best Medicine, by Julie Aigner Clark
Whoever You Are, by Mem Fox
Little Green Monster: Cancer Magic! by Sharon Frances (Chappell)
The Goodbye Book, by Todd Parr
The Purple Balloon, by Chris Raschka
The Memory Box: A Book About Grief, by Joanna Rowland
I am Love: A Book of Compassion, by Susan Verde
You Nest Here With Me, by Jane Yolen and Heidi E. Y. Stemplee
Written by Sharon Frances, Executive Director of Well Beings Studio.
About Us: Well Beings Studio engages the arts to support emotional well-being of families impacted by cancer, other traumas and difficult times. We focus on understanding emotions; processing change, grief and loss; and utilizing reading, writing, and creative arts for well-being. We create arts-based resources and experiences to help families, particularly during cancer; as well as advocacy to dismantle stigmas about cancer, emotions, and reaching out for help. We are committed to inclusion, equity, and sharing multiple voices at the intersection of emotional well-being and mental health.
For more information, contact firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:b96e02e5-c950-4784-a331-c32f2e9d7e83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wellbeings.studio/post/ash-and-feather-living-with-brain-tumors-and-cancer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.979774 | 2,152 | 2.1875 | 2 |
On March 14, the World Health Organization (WHO) released its latest Global Status Report on Road Safety, previously published in 2009. The Global Status Report is the authoritative document for traffic safety. The 2009 publication of the report included just two references to mass transport embedded within the global road safety status section — the first highlighting safety risks on public transport around the world and the second on the need to prioritize the safety of pedestrians and cyclists on roadways.
This year’s report devotes a full section of the Transport Policies chapter to the connection between public transport and safer roads. The fact that the report is including this section is an encouraging sign of a growing recognition that mass transportation and urban planning have a positive impact on traffic safety.
WHO increasingly recognizing mass transport and urban design as traffic safety solutions
The 2013 Global Status Report section on Transport Policy observes that, in both developed countries and the developing world, public transport has been shown to be a safer mode of transport than private cars. “Safe public transport systems,” the report explains, “are increasingly viewed as important to improving mobility safety, particularly in urban areas with increasing traffic congestion” (Global Status Report 2013, page 33). The report also observes a rise in physical activity and overall health with the investment and promotion of safe public transport. In order to make urban mobility both safer and more effective in reducing traffic volume, the WHO encourages governments to focus on making public transport systems safe, accessible, and affordable. Citing a case study I co-authored with EMBARQ India Director Madhav Pai, the report offers the example of Ahmedabad, India and the implementation of an advanced bus system there (p. 34). The WHO’s detailed individual country assessments in the appendices of the report are built on five pillars, and research from EMBARQ has contributed to the pillar on Safer Roads and Mobility. The report also includes a case study of New York mayor Michael Bloomberg’s action plan for pedestrian safety (p. 31). Mayor Bloomberg, who spoke at the launch of this year’s report, cited sustainable transport solutions, such as advanced bus systems, increased pedestrian space, and protected bike lanes, as proven examples of “what works”.
How does mass transport increase road safety?
Public transportation offers benefits to both commuters and residents, on the roads, on bicycles, and on foot. “Sustainable transport,” observes Dario Hidalgo in a recent post on TheCityFix, “in the form of protected facilities for walking and biking and well designed and operated public transport systems … can help reducing trips in individual motor vehicles and making these trips of good quality – less hazardous than driving a private vehicle to work, not only for the vehicle’s driver but for all road users.” When commuters opt for the bus over their own cars, they dramatically reduce the likelihood of injury or death in traffic accidents. Sustainable transport also helps mitigate the health risks of poor air quality, due to particle emissions from automobiles. Advanced bus systems, such as that of Ahmedabad, India, are designed to create safety for pedestrians going in and out of the stations, and crossing the streets. Speeds are reduced in these areas, and bus drivers are trained to recognize and reduce accident risk.
Case Study: Ahmedabad, India
The city of Ahmedabad is projected to grow from 5.5 million inhabitants today, to 13.2 million by 2040. If the city’s development continues on a path of lowering density, rapid expansion, and increased auto use, EMBARQ estimates it will also witness an increase in annual traffic fatalities from 240 to almost 7300 — amounting to a 3,000% increase. On the other hand, if the city chooses a more sustainable path, by expanding along high-density transit corridors and promoting high quality public transport (thereby curbing the increase in vehicle travel) we estimate it can reduce fatalities in 2040 by over 5,500. There are additional benefits, such as a reduction of CO2 emissions by over 10 million tons per year. In a context of continued urbanization, and given the current motorization trends, increases in both vehicle travel and traffic fatalities are inevitable to some extent.
At a more detailed level, the implementation of a high-quality public transport system – such as the Janmarg bus rapid transit (BRT) in Ahmedabad – can significantly improve safety along the streets where the advanced bus system operates. According to data from the Center for Environmental Planning and Technology in Ahmedabad, the implementation of the Janmarg BRT has resulted in a 55% reduction in fatalities, a 28% reduction in injuries, and a 32% reduction across all crash types.
How cities are designed and how mobility within those cities is provided are key components of traffic safety. When carefully designed to avoid or minimize risk, sustainable transport and urban development can save lives by improving traffic safety, reducing air pollution, and encouraging physical activity.
EMBARQ analysis, based on Rayle, L. and Pai, M. (2010) Scenarios for Future Urbanization: Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Passenger Travel in Three Indian Cities, Transportation Research Record: 2193, pp. 124-131. | <urn:uuid:b0d02ab4-7f23-4a24-aa5f-d772143ba5ee> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thecityfix.com/blog/world-health-organization-global-status-report-road-safety-2013-mass-transport-claudia-adriazola-steil/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00085-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939658 | 1,073 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Buying online is now the latest development in shopping. Quite a few consumers are becoming keen on finding things they need to purchase online. What makes it so? When people use the internet, they can check out the goods they want faster and even more conveniently at the ease and comfort of their homes. Income and promos are presented by online shops that shoppers can readily take advantage of, especially during Thanksgiving holiday and Christmas. Nevertheless in order to make online shopping powerful and beneficial, here are several guides that are valuable:
Shop Online on a Based Computer
Frauds plus scams are very very rampant nowadays and most patients are online people. Therefore , make sure that your laptop or computer is protected by simply installing some basic alarm systems. As much as possible, create a distinct email address exclusively for your personal online shopping. For extra security, you may also work with a third-party payment service agency in order to minimize decrease your stature of your credit card or simply debit card specifics.
If you are using your computer in the home, or your mobile phone, be sure anti-virus and other security measure software are installed.
Retail outlet Only at Respected Online Stores
Numerous con artists and scammers take advantage of online clients. Therefore , make sure that you merely deal with legitimate internet retailers. You can check out a store by studying reviews and information. You can also inquire from internet shopper’s forums of a particular online store to determine if that website is legitimate. Yet , don’t be mistaken by legitimate online sellers that use third-party companies to take charge with their transactions. Usually, people who use third-party retailers will direct that you other site through checkout.
It is always safer to consider reputable buying online websites when making a home-based shopping transactions. Internet stors are more reputable in which classified ad web pages because of their security national infrastructure.
Most fraudulent pursuits are happening by way of classified ad online websites where members are generally contacting other associates without relying on internet site security.
Placing Orders placed
Before placing orders placed, make sure that you have looked at how long shipping normally takes; especially if you are getting personalized items. In the holidays, shipments requires longer period and so make sure that you place your own personal orders early. Uncover the cost of the transport and other charges which might be particular in your state. If the total price of the things you want to order is too expensive as a consequence of shipment charges, it will better to purchase these people at the store nearby to you; if they are offered.
Websites that require get access are more secure given that they have better basic safety infrastructure, beside, contain something inside your shopping cart application and pay after.
Secure your payments
One of several major concerns involving shopping online is fraudulence and theft. Con artists and thieves can get hold of consumers’ mastercard details to steal. For that reason when you shop online, just be sure you provide your credit credit details only using legitimate businesses. Earlier earlier, it is better that you just use a third-party settlement service for your on line payments in order to avoid giving your credit card data to all shops to make purchases.
Another component to consider to make sure you will be dealing with the right retailer is by checking the buyer reviews.
Customer opinions are proofs how the seller can be dependable and that your money are going to be in good arms once you enter your own card numbers.
Yet another bets practice is to apply a specific credit and also debit cards in your online transaction. This kind of credit or debit card must not be employed in any other transaction, and even limit the borrowing limit or fund on the said card for added precaution. | <urn:uuid:957bad53-b299-4a7f-80f9-8cbd249886d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.shoppingbrands.us/online-shopping/an-intensive-online-shopping-guide.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.9501 | 755 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The successful struggle made by the loyal men of Kentucky to keep the state in the Union was marked by one episode which has not had the attention from historians or annalists which its interest and intrinsic importance merit.
When, about the middle of September, under orders from General A. S. Johnston, General Buckner suddenly advanced and seized Bowling Green, sending forward detachments as far as the Rolling Fork of Salt River, to burn the bridge over that stream, and to gather up the rolling stock of the railroad at Elizabethtown, it was believed in Louisville and at General Anderson's headquarters, then recently established in that city, that his advance was intended to surprise and capture Louisville, an undertaking, which as General Anderson knew better than he did, was not at that moment at all a desperate one. The Union commander had learned from a loyal citizen of Russellville of the contemplated movement the very day it began. He was made sure that it had begun by the non-arrival of the regular passenger train from the south, and the interruption of telegraphic communications. The news soon spread through the city, and created general anxiety and alarm.
There was absolutely no Federal force available for the defense of the city against such a sudden raid. The only armed organization on the ground was the city brigade of home guards, composed of two regiments of infantry and a battery of artillery, well armed and equipped. It was not a part of the state militia, had been raised under a liberal interpretation of a rather vague provision of the city charter for home and defense, was not subject to be ordered out of the city, and was under the supreme control of the mayor. The mayor, John M. Delph, was a staunch Union man, and was supported by a council of like opinions. General Hamilton Pope, an eminent lawyer of the city, then the commander, and the home guards themselves, were the Union men.
On the evening when the "rumor of the foe's advance" had spread through the city, General Pope went to General Anderson's headquarters for news. Anderson told him that the movement was undoubtedly in progress; that it was important to anticipate the enemy in seizing the position of Muldraugh's Hill, but that he did not have a man or a gun at his disposal for the work, which had to be done at once or not at all, and he asked Pope what could be done with the home guards. Pope replied that, as General Anderson knew, the home guard was not subject to any call for military duty outside the city, and that the men composing it were, for the most part, mechanics and others dependent on their daily labor, but that he was confident that if he was authorized to assure them that they would be paid at the same rate as the volunteer forces for the time they were on duty, their patriotism could be relied on to answer his summons in the emergency at hand. As the men were scattered throughout the city at their homes, Anderson desired to know how they could be called together for a movement that night. Pope informed him that the signal for assembling was a certain alarm from the fire bells, and that in a half hour after the signal was sounded the companies would be gathered, fully equipped, at their respective armories. Upon receiving these assurances, General Anderson issued an order calling out the home guards for ten days, and giving them the pay of regularly enlisted men for that period. The signal was sounded, the companies gathered, and at eleven o'clock Pope was able to turn over to General W.T. Sherman, who was to command the expedition, about fifteen hundred men, well equipped for service.
Louisville had long been in close commercial relations with the states in rebellion, and the large majority of the wealthy and influential classes of her citizens were in sympathy with the secession movement. How did it happen, then, that this little Louisville army was ready at Anderson's need, and so willingly turned over to his control? To answer that question is the subject of this paper.
Almost simultaneously with the governor's call for the legislature to meet in extra session, in January, 1861, there was held in Louisville a great meeting of workingmen. The governor was known to be in favor of siding with the seceding states. The status of the legislature elected at the same time that the governor was, was unknown. The governor's call for an extra session was understood to be the beginning of an effort to take the state out of the Union. This meeting of workingmen declared, without qualification, in favor of remaining in the Union, and of sustaining the government. In "the abstract questions dividing politicians," they declared they took no interest. They issued an address to the workingmen of the country, as the class particularly concerned in the preservation of the Union, and proposed to them a national convention and a national organization, and, what was more to the purpose, they organized for political action in the city, independent of the old parties. At a special election called by the governor soon afterward to fill a legislative vacancy in one of the city districts, they made their first show of strength by electing Geo. A. Houghton, who during the three sessions of the legislature held that spring represented faithfully the unconditional Union sentiments of his constituency, and with Thos. H. Clay, the eldest son of Henry Clay, and two others, voted steadily for every proposition looking to active support of the government, and against all the half-way and compromise measures, to which other more politic, and perhaps wiser, Union men gave their consent, during the contest.
When the city elections came on, early in April, the workingmen's party elected their candidates by decisive majorities, and chose a mayor (J. M. Delph) and councilmen who were undoubted friends of the Union.
During the excitement consequent on the fall of fort Sumter, the Governor called the expiring legislature together for the third time in extra session. The last effort to carry the state out of the Union through the machinery of the state government was to be made. The feeling in Louisville, as everywhere else, was intense. Among the politicians, the process of "firing the southern heart" was having its effect. Some men, who had in January made speeches full of expressions of devotion to the Union, were now engaged in raising troops for the Southern Confederacy. Some who, a few months before, were outspoken for adherence to the Union under all circumstances, now began to talk about conditions. Men were uncertain about how their neighbors stood. The dominant elements of society and the dominant local prejudices were all on the side of the Secessionists, who were boisterous and defiant, and who had the nucleus of an organization in the Knights of the Golden Circle, which, however, did not then become very strong, because events moved faster than its plan of organization contemplated. Anonymous notices to leave the city were served on some men of northern birth, who were known as active Unionists.
Out of these conditions of things, and at this time, there sprang into existence the Union Club, a secret organization of Union men, designed primarily to make the steadfast Union men known to each other, and accessible to each other in case of trouble, but resulting in accomplishing much more than that. Its founders builded better than they knew.
It took shape in this way. The tobacco store of Mr. John Homire, a strong Union man, was the gathering place for those who held views similar to his. One evening, shortly after the assembling of the legislature, about a dozen friends had gathered for discussion of the news of the day. Among those present were several who had received notice to leave town. In the course of the conversation, it was brought out that a common acquaintance, who, before that, had been considered fully in accord with them, had given signs of wavering in his opinions. The importance of some plan by which steadfast Union men could know and readily communicate with each other was then suggested, and met immediate acceptance. After a little conversation, it was determined to organize at once a secret club, to which none should be admitted but known and trustworthy Union men. A meeting was appointed for the next night, at the rooms of C. Z. Webster, and John W. Clarke was designated to prepare a simple ritual. Mr. Clarke took with him G. A. Hull, and together they consulted Mr. Geo. D. Prentice, editor of the 'Journal," and with his assistance and advice the ritual was ready the next night, substantially in form as it remained, and as reproduced further along in this paper.
The next night, seventeen persons assembled at Webster's photograph gallery, and the club was formally organized, calling itself simply "The Union Club." No National flag had been furnished, as required by the ritual, and as a substitute, one of the tickets used at the April election by the Workingman's party, on which there was a colored print of the flag, was taken. As each man, in taking the oath, had to put his hand to the flag, and as all wanted to come in at once, the flag-adorned ticket was placed on a small round table, and by crowding closely, and reaching over shoulders, each was able to put an index finger on the representation of the National ensign. The simplicity of the proceedings did not subtract from their solemnity. The founders of the new club were all men of mature years, most of them staid family men. The spirit in which they signed their constitution was as earnest and devoted as that of the signers of the "Solemn League and Covenant." The names of these founders are worthy of record. According to the memory of several actors still living, they were as follows: John W. Clarke, the first president, John Homire, R. L. Post, G. A. Hull, C. C. Hull, R. E. Hull, J. P. Hull, C. Z. Webster, H. G. S. Whipple, Thos. A. Morgan, W. B. Hegan, F. H. Hegan, Robert Ayars, Henry Hart, Lafayette Leonard, Beall Gantt, and Thos. Pomeroy - seventeen in all.
Each member of the club was a recruiting officer, and at the next meeting the membership was largely increased. The organization met so perfectly the needs of the time and place, that in a few weeks its membership in Louisville numbered six thousand. There was no longer a question as to which side had the physical power in the city.
Promptly, as it grew strong, and as the advantages of the organization were seen, delegates were sent to each congressional district to organize auxiliary clubs, and the plan was communicated to trusty men in Tennessee. The best work of the club was, however, done at its birthplace. Just as the club had become strong, the organization of the home guards of Louisville began. The various clubs (for they were made numerous, so as to reach every part of the city conveniently) were recruiting agencies for the companies, and infallible guides in selecting trustworthy material. It was owing more to the Union Club than to any other agency, that the Louisville brigade of home guards was ready and willing to answer the call of General Anderson.
Though, as has been stated above, the large majority of the wealthy, and socially the most influential, classes of the population of the city were in sympathy with the secession movement, not all of them were. The organization of the Union Club, however, was due to the same element that composed the workingman's party, and gave it its strength. The originators of the Union Club were not the rich merchants, or professional men, or politicians, but clerks, book-keepers, small tradesmen, master printers, tobacconists, and small manufacturers. The club started among the "plain people," and got its strength from them. It was because the plain people were for the Union that the effort to carry the state into rebellion failed.
It may be noted here that the first commander of the Louisville Home Guards was Lovell H. Rousseau, who resigned as soon as the legislature adjourned, in order to raise a brigade of volunteers; the next was James Speed, afterward Mr. Lincoln's attorney-general; the next Lieut.-Col. Geo. P. Jouett, killed at Perryville; and the last was Hamilton Pope. The adjutant-general of the brigade was John W. Barr, now United States Judge for the Kentucky District. Many of its officers afterward served with distinction in the volunteer service, and the young men from its ranks enlisted promptly in the first Kentucky regiments called to the field.
When the Union legislature, called in August, assembled in the fall, and took prompt measures to put the administration of state affairs in the hands of friends of the Union, need of the Union Club was no longer felt, and it gradually faded out of existence. Its records are scattered or destroyed, and the only copy of its ritual, known to be left, is one preserved by the first president of the club, a faithful transcript of which here follows. It has never before been published:
The President will call the Club to order, after which the members present will be examined in the password.
The Club will then be opened with the following prayer by the Vice-President: O, Eternal God! Supreme Ruler, Governor, and Architect of the Universe! We humbly beseech Thee to protect the people of these United States in general, and especially the members of this organization. Wilt Thou be pleased to direct and prosper all our consultations to the advancement of Thy glory, the good of our country, the safety, honor, and welfare of thy people; and may all things be ordered and settled by the Legislature and Executive branches of our Government on the best and surest foundations, so that peace and happiness, truth and justice, may be established among us for all generations. Wilt Thou be pleased to guide and direct us as Thou didst our fathers during the Revolution: with the strength of Thine almighty arm Thou didst uphold and sustain them through all their trials, and at last didst crown them with victory. May Charity and Brotherly Love cement us; may we be unified, with our principles founded upon the teachings of Thy Holy Word; and may Thy Good Spirit guide, strengthen, and comfort us, now and forever, Amen.
All candidates for Membership in this club will be required to answer to the following Questions, to be propounded by the Marshal before initiation:
1. Are you opposed to Secession or Disunion?
2. Do you acknowledge that your first and highest allegiance is due to the Government of the United States of America?
3. Are you willing to take such an oath of allegiance to the United States of America?
4. Are you willing to pledge yourself to resist, to the extent of your power, all attempts to subvert or overthrow the Constitution of the United States or the Constitution of the State of Kentucky?
5. Are you willing to pledge your sympathy and encouragement, and so far as practicable, your aid and support to the Government in suppressing the present rebellion and maintaining the Constitution of the Union?
6. Are you a member of an order known as the "Knights of the Golden Circle," or of any similar organization hostile to the Government or to the peace and honor of the people of the United States?
7. Are you willing to pledge your word of honor as a man that you will not improperly divulge any of the signs, passwords, or secrets that may be here imparted to you?
Should the Candidate answer affirmatively, the Marshal, after reporting to the President, will conduct them into the Club Room, and present them to the President, who shall then address the Candidates as follows:
GENTLEMEN: We rejoice that you have thus voluntarily come forward to unite yourself with us. The cause we advocate is that of our country; banded together for the purpose of perpetuating the liberties for which our fathers fought, we have sworn to uphold and protect them.
It is a strange and sad necessity which impels American citizens to band themselves together to sustain the Constitution and the Union; but the Government under which we live is threatened with destruction. Washington enjoined upon us that "the unity of the Government that constitutes us one people is a main pillar in the edifice of our real independence, the support of our tranquility at home, our peace abroad, of our safety, of our prosperity, of that very liberty which we so highly prize." He charges that "we should properly estimate the immense value of our National Union to our collective and individual happiness; that we should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming ourselves to think and speak of it as the palladium of our political safety and prosperity; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can, in any event, be abandoned."
He tell us again, that "to the efficiency and permanency of the Union, a Government for the whole is indispensable. No alliances, however strict, between the parts is an adequate substitute."
It is to sustain this Government we are banded together; and for this purpose, you are now required to take a solemn obligation.
Place your left hand on the National Flag, and raise your right hand toward heaven, repeating after me - where I pronounce my name, you pronounce yours.
I, _________ , here in the presence of God and these witnesses, do solemnly swear, without any mental reservation whatsoever, that I will stand by the Union, the Constitution of the United States of America, and the laws; that I will, to the extent of my power, defend and protect this flag, from the assaults of all enemies, and resist all attempts to subvert or overthrow the Constitution of the United States of America, or the Constitution of Kentucky.
The members will all respond.- To this we pledge ourselves.
I furthermore solemnly affirm, that I will never introduce the name of any person, to become a member of this organization, until I am fully satisfied that he is an unconditional Union man; and that I will never make known, to ant person or persons, except those duly authorized to receive them, any of the signs, passwords, or proceedings of this club, under such penalty, as the club to which I belong may award.
The president will then deliver the following address to the candidates:
The oath which you have now taken on your own free will and accord cannot rest lightly upon your conscience; neither can it be violated without leaving the stain of perjury upon your soul. Our country is now in disorder and confusion; scenes of commotion and contest are threatened in our midst; and perhaps my come; but we can not, we must not, we dare not omit to do that which, in our judgment, the safety of the Union requires. Not regardless of consequences, we must yet meet consequences; whatever the hazard which surrounds the discharge of public duty, it must yet be discharged. Let us, then, shun no responsibility justly devolving upon us here or elsewhere in attempting to maintain the Union. Let us cheerfully partake its fortunes and its fate. Let us be ready to perform our appropriate part, whenever and wherever the occasion may call us, and take our chances among those upon whom the blows may fall first and fall thickest.
Above all, remember the words of our own immortal Clay: "If Kentucky to-morrow unfurls the banner of resistance, I never will fight under that banner. I owe a paramount allegiance to the whole Union - subordinate one to my own state."
Remember too, the words of earnest truth, uttered by another patriot and statesman of Kentucky, Joseph Holt: "The men who, in our midst, give aid and comfort to the enemy, either by furnishing them secret information, or by advocating their cause, or by striving to sow dissensions among ourselves, or by insidiously dissuading loyal men from entering the military service, are more vitally the foes of our country than if they were in the army of the Confederate states."
Be faithful, then, to your country, for your interests are indissolubly connected with hers; be faithful to these your brethren, for your life and theirs may be involved in this contest; be faithful to posterity, for the blessings you have enjoyed in this government are but held in trust for them. Be faithful and true.
Response by all the members. - We will.
The president will then present the constitution and oath to the candidates for their signatures.
In order that members of different clubs might recognize each other as such, a pin, fashioned like a scarf-pin, with a circular face, on which were the Union shield and the letters U.C., was to be worn under the lapel of the coat. An apparent casual question, in the answer to which the words "You see" were introduced, and a casual fingering of the lapel of one another's overcoat, made the recognition certain.
An organization which did such good work, and was animated by so patriotic a spirit, deserves mention in history.
Visit the Homepages of the
Ohio Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
Kentucky Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
Kelly, R.M. 1889. The Secret Union Organization in Kentucky in 1861, pp 278 - 291. IN Sketches of War History, 1861-1865. Papers Read before the Commandery of the State of Ohio, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Published by the Ohio Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Robert Clarke and Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.Volume III.
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It is vital to perform the utility search prior to beginning any project. This will ensure that you don’t damage or go through any valuable items in your house or business like pipes. If water contamination is discovered in excavations, it could result in serious issues down the road. Every construction project should begin by finding out what services may be accessible at the given location. This is to ensure that there won’t be any unpleasant surprises when digging homes.
It’s better to hire experts to survey underground utilities instead of to attempt it yourself. A professional will ensure that your construction work much more efficiently and secure than those who were not careful in their digging practices because issues can occur when trying new things in a new area. Our technology allows us to pinpoint precisely the type of utility lies beneath each layer. This will ensure there aren’t any surprises during installation.
If a utility location project is not performed before any other construction step, there could be serious safety dangers. If this occurs, it could result in the loss of time and cost. It can also result in dangerous utilities being placed in an unsafe way. The expertise of professionals who are familiar with the subject may create a disaster.
1. To enable a project team to be efficient in planning the utility lines have to have been discovered.
2. It’s important to avoid interruptions while dealing with difficult clients or coworkers. It’s crucial to establish an exit plan, notify management and establish a standby plan before conflicts arise.
3. Avoiding repair costs
A complete coverage plan will alleviate all your concerns. The digging process will give you assurance that nothing is lurking beneath the surface, and also allow for the safe removal of any dangerous material from your property. We are aware of how vital it is to employ specialists who are experts in this kind of work since they are trained specifically on identifying underground utilities like storage tanks or gas pipes which means that less that damage will occur during excavation, which could lead to bigger problems further down the road.
To increase efficiency, utility companies often install new utilities lines. They can be put in various locations, or replaced when they are not effective. It’s important for you not only to use high-quality materials, but also that these routes provide a sufficient level of safety and durability so there will never again be any issues with power outages due entirely at your home.
Sometimes, power line damage can be more severe than damage caused by water or utility lines. The disruption is similar, resulting in delays in repairs as well as legal implications for both types of cases where electromagnetic equipment was used to detect signals from below the ground regardless of its summertime or winter in any particular time, because they can be used whenever there’s a problem related to these kinds of incidents near your property, and you should contact us promptly.
Ground Penetrating Radar uses high-frequency radio signals to transmit into the ground. Then, it returns in digital format to its receiver. It can also be used to determine water lines. However , it is frequently combined with other methods like electromagnetic induction or GPR testing methods. All have their benefits, depending on the kind of issue.
When you’re preparing for building or doing building work around your property, the best procedure is to ensure that you have every utility before starting. This will make it easier for everyone involved to fix any damage that could happen in the excavation.
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Hundreds of millions of tons of plastic are produced every year – from yogurt pots to water bottles to cosmetic packaging and children’s toys. Most of it ends up in garbage, polluting our oceans and endangering wildlife.
But which country is actually the worst culprit of plastic litter? According to a recent study, this is the United States of America!
In total, the United States generated about 42 million tons of plastic waste in 2016 — more than twice what China produced and more than all of the European Union countries combined, write the authors of an expert report presented to the US government on Wednesday.
Each American generates 130 kilograms of plastic waste annually
According to the report, each American citizen produces an average of 130 kilograms of plastic waste annually, followed by South Korea with 88 kilograms annually. “The success of the miraculous invention of plastic in the 20th century also led to a global flood of plastic waste,” said Margaret Spring, chair of the American Council of Experts.
Accordingly, global plastic production rose from 20 million tons in 1966 to 381 million in 2015 – a 20-fold increase in the span of half a century.
Accordingly, an estimated eight million tons of plastic waste enters the environment every year. This corresponds to one garbage truck per minute sinking its cargo into the sea. At the current rate, the amount of plastic in the sea could reach 53 million tons per year by 2030, which would be about half the total weight of fish caught annually from the sea. One reason for this is that plastic recycling is not keeping pace with plastic production.
what can he do
The report suggests a number of measures to deal with the crisis. It is especially important to produce less new plastic. Other proposed measures include using materials that degrade faster and are easier to recycle, reducing some single-use plastics and improving waste management, for example through technologies to remove plastic particles from wastewater.
“This is the most comprehensive and most damning report on plastic pollution ever published,” said Judith Enk, president of the environment organization Beyond Plastic. She said that collecting garbage at sea will not save the oceans. Policymakers need to act urgently.
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Highbush cranberries (also known as American cranberrybush) are in the same family as elderberries. The size
and color of the fruit are the only thing this species shares in common
with commercial cranberries, Vaccinium macrocarpon.
Bushes grow to 15 feet tall and become rather formal and
rounded in shape. They make a great hedge or privacy screen. The flowers
are very small, white, and borne in large terminal cymes that are 3 to
4 inches across, similar to other ornamental Viburnums. The fruits are
3/8 inches in diameter, showy red and very persistent, remaining on the
bushes well after frost and brightening the winter landscape. Harvest
fruits in late summer or fall to avoid astringency. Freezing and thawing
softens the fruits, which are seldom eaten by birds. Use fruits in jelly,
preserves or sauces.
Growing highbush cranberries
Highbush cranberries are very winterhardy, growing in Zones 2 to 7.
They are easy to transplant, grow in both sun and part shade, and perform
well on a wide range of soils. They tend to decline if subjected to too
much moisture stress. Bushes require pruning only when they become overgrown.
Make thinning cuts to remove larger, older stems at the base, and remove
Most highbush cranberries are sold simply as the species, but some cultivars
are available. 'Wentworth', 'Andrews', and 'Hahs' were selected for their
high quality fruit.
Viburnum opulus, the European cranberry bush,
is similar in appearance, but has astringent fruits with large seeds and
high acidity, and is plagued by aphids. If you intend to eat the fruit,
make sure that you only grow Viburnum opulus var. americana. You will often see it sold under its old name, Viburnum trilobum.
Usually not a problem, except that bushes are
among the Viburnums most susceptible to the Viburnum leaf beetle, which
has recently spread across much of Upstate New York, and seems poised to move into the Hudson Valley. For more information, see Viburnum Leaf Beetle Citizen Science.
© Copyright, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University.
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According to National Alcohol Indicators, an estimated 501 under-aged drinkers (aged 14–17yrs) died from alcohol-attributable injury and disease caused by risky/high risk drinking in Australia. Consumption of alcohol by teenagers is also associated with a wide range of adverse health issues, particularly injury. Research also suggests that teenage drinking is a solid predictor of problematic alcohol use later in life. Medical evidence has found that drinking alcohol can stunt the growth of a still-developing brain, leading to learning problems and other mental disorders. It is also assumed that teenagers who drink are more likely to get lower grades in school, experience motor vehicle accidents, and become involved in cases of assault and engage in other risky behaviours including unprotected sex (which can lead to unwanted pregnancies and STD infections). They are also more likely to become victims of a crime, such as rape, theft or assault. Responsible Service of Alcohol (RSA) courses aim to educate those working in the alcohol service industry by bringing these issues into focus.
Youth can be a period characterised by rapid changes, where young people evolve from being dependent children to independent adults. This transition period has been made even more complex by the social, economic and technological changes that have occurred in Australia over recent decades. In this stage of life, teenagers may be especially vulnerable to the influences of peer pressure and may be inclined to experiment, push boundaries and take risks that could impact on both the immediate and longer term health and wellbeing. Patterns and levels of some risky behaviours differ between young men and young women, with risks often being higher among young men. RSA courses help identify underage youth with is important for an establishment and its staff, but also the youth.
Young people are likely to have a positive perception of the social benefits of alcohol – believing it will help them fit in or loosen up. RSA courses highlight that not drinking is, and should be the norm for young people. While two-thirds of 12-15 year olds have never had a drink of alcohol, the volume of alcohol consumed in binge drinking sessions seems to be on the rise. A survey conducted late last year revealed that more than 40% of respondents had consumed 20 or more standard drinks in the one session in the past year. The research also showed that this level of binge drinking has almost doubled in the past eight years.
The best possible way to build a positive and firm foundation with respect to youth and exposure to alcohol is communication and education. In many communities, cultural barriers and differences can discourage parents or educational providers from having open and honest discussions on the topic of alcohol. If at all, youth are not readily encouraged to hold public discussions on the topic either. Most Australian parents do think that they should start a conversation with their kids on alcohol before they reach 12 years of age, but talking to kids about alcohol and setting the boundaries and expectations to keep them safe can be a very difficult task. RSA courses are another great tool in prevention that allows industry staff to directly deter underage drinking. Course participants are educated and become skilled on strategies to identify underage drinkers and also maintain a duty of care to ensure patrons are of legal drinking age prior to service. Although somewhat cliché, monitoring your alcohol consumption and being a positive role model for youth is also a great preventive measure everyone can take. By using alcohol responsibly, and setting rules and boundaries to follow, safer environments and better attitudes concerning alcohol consumption are created.
Prevention is more achievable than a cure and a great deal cheaper for society also. Steering young vulnerable people away from life’s more dangerous dead-ends is not only good for the teenagers, but also their friends, family, and whole communities as well. It is important to also remember that the responsibility to prevent underage drinking doesn’t fall squarely onto the shoulders of one particular group of people, like parents or teachers. It is everyone’s responsibility to keep the lines of communication open. Requirements like RSA courses serve to illustrate that the community can play a critical role in helping to prevent problems and stop underage drinking before it even begins.
This article was written by Chantele Theroux an editor of RSACertificateNow.net.au | <urn:uuid:a775f613-79be-49ab-ab02-33b77ae58b22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.womenspk.com/rsa-courses-at-your-service-helping-to-stop-underage-drinking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.968013 | 843 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Laptops have changed the way we interact with our data; so much so they now regularly outsell desktop PCs.
In a similar way, the Slingbox is here to change the way we interact with our televisions, by freeing us from the desktop box. It does this by allowing you to watch your own TV, regardless of location, whether in this country or abroad.
This may sound trivial, but for the frequent traveller, being able to view their favourite TV programmes, whether live or recorded on a DVR (Digital Video Recorder) is a luxury available to anyone with a broadband connection.
There are an increasing number of such solutions available, from the likes of Sony and Orbis, but this one consists of a single box you connect to your TV and then to your broadband connection.
You'll need a broadband account that can handle 256Kbps to keep a decent connection, but anyone with an 8MB account will be fine.
One at a time
Slingbox has designed it to work as a one-to-one device, so only one person can gain access to the power of the box at any one time, but you can install the software on any number of devices.
Slingbox will be bringing out a UK-specific Pocket PC version too, so you can watch TV on your Wi-Fi PDA. Don't expect Hi-Def resolution, but the buffering technique developed means there are no slow-downs when watching. This buffering means you can also run it through a wireless connection without too much trouble.
We found that it took some 30 minutes to get the box installed and running. Then you just need to make sure you have a broadband connection wherever you are.
It's such a novel idea that there are no legal precedents concerning the viewing of re-broadcast material overseas, so you won't be able to record any shows directly to your laptop, but you can safely do so at home - on higher quality.
The Slingbox is a great concept and means you don't have to leave your TV at home. | <urn:uuid:bb0365f7-5cce-46d1-8cfe-09082c7ab7d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.techradar.com/reviews/audio-visual/digital-tv-receivers/sling-media-slingbox-285143/review | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957239 | 427 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Rise in number of Irish people facing heart failure
The number of people developing heart failure in Ireland is on the rise.
The Irish Heart Foundation says there has been an increase in the number of cases due to an ageing population, obesity and poor lifestyle.
Around 90,000 people in Ireland live with heart failure, but the group says thousands of people are at risk of missing fatal symptoms.
Today is heart failure awareness day.
Consultant cardiologist at St. Vincent's Hospital in Dublin Professor Kenneth McDonald said: "Heart failure is a very prevalent problem in Ireland. There are approximately 100,000 people with this condition."
"It occurs as a result of many other heart conditions such as heart attacks, for example, or long-standing high blood pressure.
"What people become aware of is increasing breathlessness with activity, or fatigue." | <urn:uuid:1866f5c0-a7f3-45f7-9854-40d4ca2fa8d7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/rise-in-number-of-irish-people-facing-heart-failure-630057.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00270-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950101 | 174 | 2.5 | 2 |
It is a matter of happiness and pleasure to buy baby clothes during pregnancy time. But after bringing it home, these clothes need to be washed. Baby clothes need extra care during washing. As a baby’s skin is very sensitive and delicate, any kind of harsh thing from the clothes can cause irritation or allergic problem to him/her skin.
First of all, you should check if there is any special washing instruction or label on the baby's clothes. That means some items need hand washing, some need cold water during washing time, or some need dry washing. Again white and coloring clothes should be washed separately then there is no possibility of staining on the white clothes. So, before washing baby clothes should be checked thoroughly.
As baby skin is very sensitive and delicate it is highly recommended to use non-bio washing detergent powder to clean baby clothes. Non-bio washing detergent powder means that detergent powder does not contain any enzyme. But these are highly effective for cleaning baby clothes and very gentler to baby skin. Another solution can be using liquid detergents rather than powder detergents. Many liquid detergents contain conditioner for clothes and gentler for baby clothes. For this reason, your baby’s skin will not be harmed at all.
Cleaning Baby Clothes before use:
Babies are very delicate and sensitive. Whatever you buy from the store or anything new for a baby, it must be cleaned before use. Because when clothes or other stuff can easily get dirty in the store, or when you bring it home this stuff can easily pick up dirt, sand, or other virus or bacteria.
If you wash your baby clothes for the very first time, it doesn't need any fabric softener as the cloth is new. But after washing several times a fabric softener can be used for conditioning your baby clothes. Sometimes itchiness can occur to your baby's skin for the dryness of clothes. But using a good fabric softener can be a better solution for your problem.
Baby clothes are sensitive as babies are very sensitive. All the things that are used for the babies have to be cleaned with special care. | <urn:uuid:d9e9269a-24cf-45d2-beb6-03d0f410a742> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nearestlaundry.com/blog/guidelines-to-clean-baby-clothes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.945614 | 442 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Faktum Newspaper created Faktum Hotels as a clever and creative campaign to raise awareness about the high number of homeless and socially vulnerable people living in Gothenburg, Sweden.
There are 3,400 people currently struggling to live and survive in Gothenburg so Forsman and Boderfors created Faktum Hotels as a way to spread the message to the public. Faktum newspaper created this cheeky campaign and marketed it flawlessly to the public. It allows people to book a stay at one of the many unsafe and undesirable places where the homeless people around the city are forced sleep. For ten dollars you can reserve your spot on a park bench or in an abandon, dilapidated building.
The money that you pay when booking a figurative stay with Faktum Hotels goes towards the street paper Faktum and their work towards helping the homeless. | <urn:uuid:c23aad6c-3891-4c69-a1d6-535a351606c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/faktum-newspaper | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.951704 | 186 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Study links soda to 180,000 deaths across the world
We hear it all the time - soda is bad for us.
But now, a new Harvard study links soft drinks to thousands of deaths across America every year.
Health experts say soda contains empty calories which can cause weight gain, and that can lead to significant health issues.
They say if you drink too much, you could get diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, and those can lead to death.
Just about everywhere we look today, we're surrounded with the temptation to drink soda.
Signs, banners and even giant cups of caffeine fill communities across the world to try to get us to consume those sugary drinks.
And for many people, it appears to be working.
"I do drink a lot of soda. I'm a big pop fan" said Rachel Patterson.
Kennewick residents Rachel Patterson and Phillip Deshazer say they drink soda for the caffeine, and they consume the sweetened drinks just about every day.
"About 2 - 2 1/2 liters on a bad day" said Deshazer.
But soda drinkers may want to think twice before picking up another sugary beverage, after a new study links the drinks to 180,000 deaths a year across the world - 25,000 here in America.
Harvard researchers say the deaths are due to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
Health experts in our area say drinking soda can be a slippery slope as it can lead to eating unhealthy foods.
"For instance, normally, when you have soda, what are you gonna do? You're running through the fast food, grabbing a hamburger. Or you're at the movie theater, grabbing a pop, popcorn" said Jennifer Helms, Kennewick General Hospital.
The 7-Eleven store in Kennewick sells about 100,000 sodas and 300,000 slurpees each year.
But the store has added some sugar free options.
"We try to keep about three sugar-free slurpee flavors in stock, and that really helps out our diabetic customers" said Don Mariotto, 7-Eleven owner.
Deshazer says the health risks aren't surprising, but he has no plans to cut back.
"If it did become a concern, I would think about changing it, but until that time comes, probably not" said Deshazer.
So how much soda is too much?
Health experts recommend drinking no more than one 12 ounce can a day.
They say one can of soda typically has 10 teaspoons of sugar, which is more than the daily recommended amount.
Women are recommended to have six teaspoons a day.
Men are recommended to have nine.
Health experts also say drinking too much soda can change your palette and your eating habits, making you crave more sugary and unhealthy foods. | <urn:uuid:d79f372a-3f83-4a37-baa1-79d3fba67e73> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.kvewtv.com/article/2013/mar/20/study-links-soda-180000-deaths-across-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00055-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95139 | 582 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Although it is often considered a childhood condition, the incidence of strabismus is actually higher in adults. “Approximately 1 percent of children have strabismus,” says David Stager Sr., MD, who is in private practice in Plano, Texas. “In adults, the incidence is probably closer to 4 percent. Many of these cases are completely new entities, but, occasionally, it can be a recurrence of a childhood problem. I frequently tell parents that chances are 80 percent that it is fixed for a lifetime, but it’s not 100 percent. Many times, it can be decades before they start having a problem again.”
If an adult has new-onset strabismus, it is typically the result of a disease process or trauma. “There are myriad causes of adult strabismus, and the treatment often relates to the cause,” says Stephen P. Christiansen, MD, from Boston University School of Medicine. “It’s not uncommon for childhood strabismus to reappear in adults. Strabismus that patients were either able to control on their own or that was corrected with previous surgery may redevelop. Or, some patients may develop a problem for the first time that is related to their childhood misalignment. That’s a common scenario. Then, of course, adults are often prone to acquired forms of strabismus just because of the varying impact of disease and disease processes, such as thyroid eye disease. These are patients who have dysfunctional thyroid or abnormal thyroid function and then develop thickening and inelasticity of the extraocular muscles. Then, they develop vertical, horizontal or torsional strabismus.”
Additionally, there are patients who have strokes or ischemic disease that cause misalignment of the eye by affecting the cranial nerves that innervate the extraocular muscles, and these patients can have various forms of paralytic or paretic strabismus. “Then, there are patients who have trauma, and sometimes that trauma is iatrogenic,” says Dr. Christiansen. “For example, patients who had cataract surgery with various forms of retrobulbar anesthesia can develop muscle dysfunction and need realignment. There are patients who have had glaucoma surgery and have had seton implantation or scleral buckle placement that impacts the extraocular muscle rotation and function. Those patients may also develop strabismus.”
|Figure 1. An adult strabismus patient pre- and postoperatively.|
He notes that the success rate of treatment is extremely high and offers vision improvement and psychosocial benefits. “Strabismus is not a cosmetic problem so much, because we usually think of a cosmetic condition as something normal that you would just prefer to change,” he says. “Strabismus is not a normal condition. We now know that there are functional benefits to treating strabismus that are not cosmetic. Many of these patients will develop binocular vision or depth perception. There has been a tremendous amount of work done also on the psychosocial benefits. A lot of these patients have improved self-esteem, chances at work and chances at marriage. They are very much negatively impacted by strabismus, and correcting strabismus can offer tremendous improvement in all of those areas.” According to a paper by Burt Kushner, MD, “Strabismus surgery in adults achieves satisfactory alignment with one operation in approximately 80 percent of patients, depending on the specific nature of the problem. Risks of adult strabismus surgery are relatively low, and serious complications are anecdotal and rare. Even if the strabismus has been long-standing, most adults will experience some improvement in binocular function after strabismus surgery. Consequently, adult strabismus surgery should not be considered merely cosmetic in most cases. In esotropic patients, this improvement typically takes the form of an expansion of binocular visual fields; however, some patients may also regain stereopsis. There are many psychosocial benefits to adult strabismus surgery. This is reflected in the finding that the majority of adults surveyed with strabismus would trade a portion of their life expectancy to be rid of their strabismus.”1
The treatment of strabismus depends on the severity, and management options range from observation to surgery. According to Michael Repka, MD, who is in practice at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center in Baltimore, “For small amounts of strabismus, prism correction and other optical approaches would be attempted first. If that doesn’t work, depending on many factors or the situation for that patient, surgical approaches may be employed.”
Dr. Christiansen agrees. “Oftentimes, adults will develop small vertical or horizontal strabismus,” he says. “These patients can sometimes be best managed with either observation, if it’s not especially symptomatic, or with small amounts of prism placed in the glasses. If patients start developing a need for larger and larger amounts of prism to correct the alignment, they may develop spectacle distortion that they don’t like, and then you need to start thinking of other forms of treatment. My rule of thumb is that if they need more than 10 prism diopters in their glasses, they are probably going to be a surgical candidate at some point.”
Dr. Stager Jr. notes that certain types of orthoptic exercises or orthoptic training can be used to help give the patient better fusion. “Sometimes, we will just have to patch the eye to avoid diplopia if the patient is not a good candidate for other treatments. Often, in patients who are not good candidates for these other treatments, surgery can be an excellent option,” he says.
According to Dr. Christiansen, botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is a fairly recent advance in strabismus surgery. “It can be used alone in some cases or, more commonly, as adjunctive treatment with standard muscle surgery,” he says. “BTX-A results in muscle paralysis that lasts for up to three months; however, the change in alignment of the eye may last much longer. There are certain forms of strabismus that can be successfully treated with BTX-A. More recently, bupivacaine has been proposed as a means of treating patients with strabismus. It is a local anesthetic that actually makes muscles bigger and stiffer. It is not widely used in the United States, but that may change if efficacy can be shown.”
In a recent study conducted in Brazil, a change in ocular motility was observed after 180 days of intramuscular injection of bupivacaine and botulinum toxin in horizontal extraocular muscles.2 In both botox- and bupivacaine-injected muscles, there was an increase of muscle thickness after 30 days of injection when measured by ultrasonography. This change was greatest on lateral rectus muscles after bupivacaine injection.
This study included eight patients (eight amblyopic eyes) in whom ocular motility was measured prior to injection and one, seven, 30 and 180 days after one injection of 2 mL of 1.5% bupivacaine and 2.5 U of botulinum toxin A in agonist and antagonist muscles, respectively. Muscle thickness was measured prior to injection and on days one, seven, and 30 after injection using 10-MHz ultrasonography.
The mean change in alignment was 10 prism diopters after 180 days. Using ultrasonography, an average increase of 1.01 mm in muscle thickness was observed after 30 days of bupivacaine injection, and an average increase of 0.28 mm was observed after BTX-A injection. A mean increase in muscle thickness of 1.5 mm was seen in lateral rectus muscles injected with bupivacaine.
If the abovementioned treatment strategies do not achieve the desired result, surgery is the next step. “Surgical techniques to treat adults and children are largely the same,” Dr. Repka says. “However, many surgeons use adjustable sutures in adults that are not used in children. Adjustable sutures provide the ability to postoperatively fine-tune the alignment to the desired position.”
However, outcomes can be less predictable in adults than they are in children. “Most often, the techniques we use in adults are the same that we use in children,” says Dr. Christiansen. “However, in some cases, adult strabismus is complicated by abnormal extraocular muscle function, either because of inelasticity or because of paralysis. So, we have to adjust our techniques to the underlying pathology. Because of the unique pathology, and because many adults who have strabismus have had previous surgery, outcomes may be less predictable than in children. In hopes of improving outcomes in these situations, many surgeons use the adjustable suture technique, which allows the surgeon to position the operative muscle where it seems most appropriate. But, rather than securing the muscle permanently, the suture is tied in a temporary fashion, often with a slipknot that can be undone. The muscle position can be readjusted when the patient awakens from surgery. This adjustment can be done from six hours after surgery up to 24 hours after surgery and sometimes longer, depending on the adjustable suture technique. One potential drawback is that this technique requires a cooperative patient, so it is not often used in children.”
He adds that adult patients can usually expect a successful surgical outcome. However, there are some patients who have either such complex strabismus or have had a history of head injury that precludes adequate binocularity, and double vision can result. “As a whole, however, well over 80 percent of adult strabismus patients can be treated successfully,” says Dr. Christiansen. “Goals of surgery and definitions of success need to be discussed carefully with the patient preoperatively. For example, patients with paralytic or restrictive strabismus may not recover normal ocular rotations after surgery, which means that they will have some misalignment of the eyes in some positions of gaze.”
The goal for patients with the more complex forms of strabismus is to get them to fuse with a single image in a straight-ahead position and in the reading position. “That allows them to read, drive, and walk without double vision in these critical gaze positions,” Dr. Christiansen says. “Even with double vision in side gaze, however, many patients learn to adjust their head position, so that they can see singly. I counsel patients ahead of time that double vision may be treated successfully, but not completely. These patients learn to adjust pretty quickly and are much happier having straight eyes both for the cosmetic appearance and for the functionality of the depth perception they can re-establish.”
A number of studies have shown the efficacy of adjustable sutures in adults. For example, a recent Canadian study found that achieving the immediate target angle is the most significant factor in the success of strabismus surgery for exotropia and that adjustable suture surgery results in a larger number of patients achieving this target angle.3
The study included 353 patients who were older than 12 years and who underwent strabismus surgery with either adjustable or non-adjustable sutures. Mean follow-up was 13.9 months (range: four to 132 months). Patients who achieved the target angle immediately postoperatively had a higher success rate (83.6 percent) than patients who did not (63.7 percent), and when the target angle was achieved, the success rate was similar with adjustable (84.8 percent) and non-adjustable (80.9 percent) sutures. However, it is important to note that patients who underwent adjustable surgery obtained the target angle more often than those who underwent non-adjustable sutures (75.5 percent compared with 54 percent). The success rate for exotropia surgery was significantly higher when the immediate target angle was achieved (86.4 percent) than when it was not achieved (58.7 percent). However, a similar beneficial effect was not shown.
Additionally, a recent review of a large national private insurance database found that adjustable sutures were associated with significantly fewer reoperations in the first postoperative year for horizontal muscle surgery. Additionally, they were associated with more reoperations for vertical muscle surgery, but this observation was not statistically significant in the primary analysis after controlling for age.4
In this review, 526 of 6,178 surgical patients required and underwent a reoperation (8.5 percent). Of these reoperations, 8.1 percent were performed in patients who underwent adjustable suture surgeries and 8.6 percent were performed after conventional suture surgeries.
Of the 4,357 horizontal muscle surgeries, reoperations were performed after adjustable suture surgeries in 5.8 percent of cases and after conventional suture surgeries in 7.8 percent of cases. Of the 1,072 vertical muscle surgeries, reoperations were performed after adjustable suture surgeries in 15.2 percent of cases and after conventional suture surgeries in 10.4 percent of cases. Younger age (18 to 39 years) was associated with a lower reoperation rate, and significant multivariable predictors of reoperation for horizontal surgery were adjustable sutures, monocular deviation, complex surgery and unilateral surgery on two horizontal muscles. Adjustable sutures were not significantly associated with reoperation rates after vertical muscle surgery. REVIEW
1. Kushner BJ. The benefits, risks, and efficacy of strabismus surgery in adults. Optom Vis Sci 2014;91(5):e102-109.
2. Hopker LM, Zaupa PF, Lima Filho AA, et al. Bupivacaine and botulinum toxin to treat comitant strabismus. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2012;75(2):111-115.
3. Mireskandari K, Schofield J, Cotesta M, Stephens D, Kraft SP. Achieving postoperative target range increases success of strabismus surgery in adults: a case for adjustable sutures? Br J Ophthalmol May 19, 2015. [Epub ahead of print]
4. Leffler CT, Vaziri K, Cavuoto KM, et al. Strabismus surgery reoperation rates with adjustable and conventional sutures. Am J Ophthalmol 2015;160:385-390. | <urn:uuid:dd013120-af91-4df6-9d4e-de70524e0e83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reviewofophthalmology.com/article/how-to-take-on-strabismus-in-adults | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.947225 | 3,092 | 2.5625 | 3 |
By: Russell D Butcher (Author)
248 pages, illustrations
The 42,000 acres that comprise Acadia National Park include glacier-worn granite mountains, rocky cliffs, crystal blue ponds and lakes, and a dramatic coastline where waves collide spectacularly with dramatic headlands. Field Guide to Acadia National Park describes the flora, fauna, and geology of the park, as well as a number of the prominent trails that take you in and around some of the most charming scenery in North America.
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Russell D. Butcher is the author of America's National Wildlife Refuges: A Complete Guide, Exploring Our National Parks and Monuments, and Exploring Our National Historic Parks and Sites. He lives in Tucson, Arizona.
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The Q’ero are known around the world for their spiritual teachings. Their unique spirituality is integral to all aspects of Q’ero life. Living and farming in harsh conditions at high altitudes for centuries has ensured that these small communities have evolved inseparably connected to their environment and each other. Life revolves around their relationship with Pachamama, our mother earth and the cosmic feminine, and to all people, plants, and animals.
Ayni (eye-knee) is the fundamental principle of Andean life. A form of sacred reciprocity between individuals, families, neighbors and communities, ayni is a pay-it-forward model in which one gives without an expectation of something in return, knowing that all beings live in an interconnected web and everyone’s needs will be taken care of. Ayni also recognizes that Pachamama, or Mother Earth, provides food, water, shelter, and all the essentials to one’s survival and wellbeing through plants, animals, lakes, clouds, and other aspects of nature. In return, one gives back to Mother Earth through prayers, appreciation, gifts, and stewardship.
The leaf of the coca plant is traditionally chewed by adults, who also use them to offer prayers to the apus, or mountain spirits. Coca leaves aid in maintaining Q’ero wellness by providing necessary nutrition and assistance with life at high altitudes. The leaves are considered sacred for ceremonial purposes.
The despacho ceremony is one of the most important rituals performed by the paq’os. The Q’ero use this ceremony to communicate and interact with Pachamama and their apus in order to express gratitude and reinforce sacred balance, or “ayni.” An act of great spiritual love, a despacho is a portal enabling them to enter into the living energy of nature – and the universe.
Q’ero people also celebrate seasonal events such as plantings and harvests and honor their llamas for their loyal service hauling heavy loads of potatoes from the fields, and for their gifts of dung used as fertilizer for crops and as fuel to cook food. | <urn:uuid:0a06ad73-c7ae-41f3-9641-80e0432d6aad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.heartwalkfoundation.org/qero-people/spiritual-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.945214 | 450 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Geneva is a popular lakeside city in Switzerland, considered one of the most beautiful. The city is located on the shore of the lake between the mountains of Jura and the Alps. The city has many parks and greenery, and in the summer time the attraction is the Geneva beach, where residents of the city gather to lie on the beach and soak up the refreshing waters of the lake.
Advantages of children's recreation in summer camps in Geneva
- Swiss educational institutions have a well-deserved reputation as guarantors of high-quality elite education. Students from educational institutions - from camps for short periods to study and living in boarding schools - are controlled under conditions of increased comfort
- The system of teaching students is based on the ideas of educating a single-minded and just person, respecting the freedom and choice of the student, but the students learn in a strict and disciplined environment
- Immersion in the language environment, pronunciation and pronunciation of communication skills. Teaching students to express their point of view in the language of instruction is one of the tasks of teachers
- In Switzerland there are four national languages, there are programs in English, French, German and Italian
- Despite much attention to the educational process in language schools, finding in Swiss camps is first and foremost a holiday, active and rich in emotions. For students, exciting programs have been developed, where every child can manifest himself in contests or electives, learn a lot about the culture of other countries, make friends with foreign students
- Summer vacations in language camps are perhaps the best place for combining pleasant with useful things during the vacation period for students. Experienced teachers seek to use the maximum interactive, apply the game form of education and select the material in accordance with age characteristics.
- If you need to demonstrate a high level of language proficiency in order to study in a prestigious place, be it a school or college, then the language camps invite all comers. This is an opportunity to learn a foreign language for children with poor language knowledge and in the shortest time to succeed in it!
Features of language programs for students in the summer in the camps of Geneva
The secret of success of top language schools is the competent combination of academic studies with the cultural and entertainment component:
- The linguistic program includes at least 15 lessons per week on a course of medium intensity and can reach up to 25 lessons in intensive courses. The main principle of education is to form groups according to age characteristics and level of knowledge. Visitors from abroad write a language test, the young people study in groups and have equal opportunities to realize themselves and have plenty of practice. Groups do not exceed 15 people, teachers can give enough attention to everyone, the teacher will help, prompt or correct the educational program for the needs of students.
- The cultural and entertainment program in Geneva is suitable for active and inquisitive students, hiking in the mountains, campfire around the campfire and spending the night in the open air. Foreign students will be able to learn new kinds of sports - yachting, rafting, sailing, rock climbing and much more. Children who prefer creative activity to noisy parties will be able to try themselves in different spheres of art and amateur performances at various master classes and electives.
Students can choose 2 options for accommodation - host families and residences on campus. Both options have their advantages:
- In host families, students immerse themselves in the natural language environment, they can get acquainted with the customs of Swiss families and practice their language with native speakers
- In the residences the students will live together with their peers, communicate and have fun with students from different countries. This is a wonderful experience of independent life.
The meals are organized in the form of full board, the students of the camps will be able to get acquainted with Swiss cuisine, breakfasts, lunches and dinners are full and very tasty, in which there are necessary nutrients for the growing children's body.
Leading summer camps in Geneva: features of vacation programs and tuition fees
For students from abroad, the organizers make hundreds of vacation programs that can be very different and have their own highlights. Which program should be chosen only for young travelers in accordance with their interests and goals. For younger students, the excellent option will be a foreign language program + summer vacation, for students who are already thinking about their future specialization, you can choose a program with a bias in the scientific, creative or sports field. There are courses of low, medium and high intensity, where courses with low intensity will include fewer academic lessons, children will more actively rest and participate in the public life of the camp. High-intensity courses will help prepare for examinations in the short term or simply allow you to improve the language for those wishing to spend the summer with maximum benefit.
The college has a large number of programs for students of different ages, where in addition to the curriculum a rich entertainment program has been developed, including sports training and excursions around the country.
From 5,700 ₣ for 2 weeks
This is a unique program that operates in different countries, offers an alternative to the classical camps. The student will live in the teacher's family and be studied right at his home. Individual education will allow you to select a program for the requirements of the student.
From 2,145 ₣ for 2 weeks | <urn:uuid:73c58dac-92f5-40b7-915b-8caf62fa4638> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://smapse.com/summer-vacations-in-geneva-for-foreign-students/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.954482 | 1,116 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Why do cells and tissues age and what are the genetic and molecular causes for aging? These are the central research questions that Italian junior scientist Dr. Francesco Neri, PhD, is trying to answer. Currently starting his own research group at Leibniz Institute on Aging (FLI) in Jena, Germany, Neri will be awarded the Sofja Kovalevskaja Award of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in November 2016 – one of the most highly endowed research awards in Germany.
In recent times, our understanding of aging has deeply changed. Stem cells, that are the basis for organ regeneration throughout life, start to mutate in genetic regions that regulate the epigenome, i.e. the surface and structure of our genetic information.
Francesco Neri, Junior Group Leader of the research group on “Epigenetics of Aging“ at Leibniz Institute on Aging (FLI) in Jena.
Photo: Evelyn Kästner / FLI
These mutants become clonal, increasing the risk of disease and death. Roughly half of mankind aged 70 is affected by these alterations. Italian researcher Francesco Neri investigates the fundamentals of these processes and is now awarded the Sofja Kovalevskaja Award of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, one of the most highly endowed research awards in Germany.
He is one out of six international young scientists from the USA, Poland/Canada, Italy, Kenia, USA/Denmark and Iran/Australia who get the opportunity to build up their own research focus and research group at a German research institute – funded by up to 1.65 million Euro each. The awards will be given to the prizewinners on November 15, 2016, in Berlin.
Big Chance for a Young Scientist
“The Sofja Kovalevskaja Award provides young researchers with a great opportunity to follow their creative research approaches on a nearly independent basis“, Prof. Dr. Karl Lenhard Rudolph, Scientific Director of Leibniz Institute on Aging (FLI), emphasizes the importance of the research award. The funding of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation enables Francesco Neri to build up a new junior research group on “Epigenetics of Aging“ at the Institute in Jena.
The new group is focusing on the functional characterization of epigenetic alterations associated to stem cell aging. Research aims at describing these epigenetic changes and how they are selectively accumulated over the years, e.g. altered methylation patterns of the DNA. Furthermore, the research focuses on the understanding of why and how aging-associated epigenetic alterations impact stem cell function and lead to a clonal dominance and cancer development.
“I’m really happy about this prestigious award”, Dr. Neri proudly explains. “As an internationally renowned research institute in the area of aging research, the FLI offers me an optimal research environment which enables me to fully concentrate on my own research focus.”
The Laureate – Francesco Neri
Dr. Francesco Neri was born in Italy in 1981. He studied molecular biology and gained his PhD in biotechnology at the University of Siena. After a period of research at Radboud University Medical Centre in Nijmegen, Netherlands, he returned to Italy, doing postdoctoral research at the Human Genetics Foundation in Torino, where he became a research assistant in 2015. Since July 2016, Dr. Neri has been heading a junior research group at FLI.
Sofja Kovalevskaja Award for Young Promising Scientists
The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation’s Sofja Kovalevskaja Award is named after the Russian mathematician Sofja Kovalevskaja and is one of the most highly endowed research awards in Germany. Funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, it is granted to young exceptionally promising researchers from abroad in recognition of outstanding academic achievements. The award is designed to enable them to embark on academic careers in Germany by establishing their own junior research groups at research institutions in Germany. The Kovalevskaja Award is endowed with up to 1.65 million Euros.
More information on the award and the awarding ceremony can be found on http://www.humboldt-foundation.de/web/start.html.
Dr. Evelyn Kästner
Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
Tel.: 03641-656373, Fax: 03641-656351
The Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) is the first German research organization dedicated to biomedical aging research since 2004. More than 330 members from over 30 nations explore the molecular mechanisms underlying aging processes and age-associated diseases. For more information, please visit http://www.leibniz-fli.de.
The Leibniz Association connects 88 independent research institutions that range in focus from the natural, engineering and environmental sciences via economics, spatial and social sciences to the humanities. Leibniz Institutes address issues of social, economic and ecological relevance. They conduct knowledge-driven and applied basic research, maintain scientific infrastructure and provide research-based services. The Leibniz Association identifies focus areas for knowledge transfer to policy-makers, academia, business and the public. Leibniz Institutes collaborate intensively with universities – in the form of “WissenschaftsCampi” (thematic partnerships between university and non-university research institutes), for example – as well as with industry and other partners at home and abroad. They are subject to an independent evaluation procedure that is unparalleled in its transparency. Due to the institutes’ importance for the country as a whole, they are funded jointly by the Federation and the Länder, employing some 18,100 individuals, including 9,200 researchers. The entire budget of all the institutes is approximately 1.64 billion EUR. See http://www.leibniz-association.eu for more information.
http://www.leibniz-fli.de - Website Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) Jena
Dr. Kerstin Wagner | idw - Informationsdienst Wissenschaft
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Among the general public, solar thermal energy is currently associated with dark blue, rectangular collectors on building roofs. Technologies are needed for aesthetically high quality architecture which offer the architect more room for manoeuvre when it comes to low- and plus-energy buildings. With the “ArKol” project, researchers at Fraunhofer ISE together with partners are currently developing two façade collectors for solar thermal energy generation, which permit a high degree of design flexibility: a strip collector for opaque façade sections and a solar thermal blind for transparent sections. The current state of the two developments will be presented at the BAU 2017 trade fair.
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19.01.2017 | Physics and Astronomy | <urn:uuid:2bb8a90d-5613-47a6-82e2-9d5f93b80689> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/awards-funding/clone-wars-fli-researcher-is-honored-with-prestigious-sofja-kovalevskaja-award.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00203-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890412 | 1,845 | 2.6875 | 3 |
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9 of History's Greatest Unexplained Mysteries
From the Sahara desert in Egypt to mysterious stone dolls from the beginning of the world - here's a list of some of the greatest mysteries that have yet to be solved. | <urn:uuid:523f9891-6190-45f6-aeb8-2e87bc27f234> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ba-bamail.com/tag/unexplained/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.945426 | 407 | 1.515625 | 2 |
John Jay (1745 - 1829)
John Jay was in New York City on December 12th, 1745 to a prominent family. Shortly after John's birth, his family moved from Manhattan to Rye. Educated in his early years by private tutors, Jay later went to King's College (today Columbia University) in late 1760 and graduated in 1764 at the age of nineteen. He became a law clerk in the office of Benjamin Kissam until 1768, when he was admitted to the bar. Jay then established a legal practice with Robert R. Livingston, Jr., before starting his own law office in 1771.
In early 1774 he was one of the most prominent members of the New York Committee of Correspondence and attended the First Continental Congress at the age of twenty eight. He wrote The Address to the People of Great Britain, published by the First Continental Congress. He retired from the Congress in 1776 rather than sign the Declaration of Independence (his absence was noted by Thomas Jefferson), as Jay's opinion on independence from Britain was not positive until after the revolution, which saw Jay become an passionate supporter of the new nation.
"Let it be remembered that civil liberty consists, not in a right to every man to do just what he pleases, but it consists in an equal right to all citizens to have, enjoy, and do, in peace, security and without molestation, whatever the equal and constitutional laws of the country admit to be consistent with the public good." (John Jay)
Jay drafted the first constitution of New York State and was appointed Chief Justice of the state in 1777. In the following year he was elected to the Continental Congress and was chosen to become its fifth president. In 1779, the Congress sent him to Spain in order to secure Spain's endorsement of the independence of the colonies, financial aid, and commercial treaties. In 1782 Jay, along with Adams, Franklin, and John Laurens signed a treaty of peace with Great Britain, which ended the American War for Independence, though it took many years for Britain to fully relinquish its hold on America.
When Jay returned to Congress, he had already been appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs. He helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris in 1783, ending the war with Great Britain. Jay represented New York at the First and Second Continental Congress and was again elected president of that body in 1788. Though he did not attend the Constitutional Convention, he did contribute five essays to a series of newspaper articles (later called The Federalist Papers (1787)). Written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, The Federalist was a collection of essays by that interpreted the Constitution of the United States and argued effectively in support of its ratification.
Jay became the first Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from 1789 to 1794. During his term, he sat on such noted cases as Chisholm v. Georgia (which involved the right of a private citizen in one state to sue another state), Georgia vs. Brailsford (a reversal of the first case), and Glass vs. Sloop Betsy. Jay helped establish the Supreme Court as a reasoned & honorable institution.
In 1794 he negotiated the Jay Treaty, which eliminated British control of western posts within two years, established America's claim for damages from British ship seizures, and provided America a limited right to trade in the West Indies, in effect settling major grievances with Great Britain and promoting the commercial prosperity of America. It was extremely unpopular with the public (an effigy of Jay was burned by mobs of outraged Americans), but was approved of by the Washington administration in 1795.
Jay was then sent on a diplomatic mission to France. While in France, he was elected Governor of New York State by a popular majority and was forced to retire from the Supreme Court. He resigned from the Court, and served as governor of New York until 1800. During his stint as Governor, Jay improved the treatment of by limiting the death penalty, abolishing flogging, building new sanitary prisons. He supported a bill that would abolish imprisonment for debt. He also advanced a bill that would gradually abolish slavery. Though President John Adams asked Jay to return as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Jay declined, claiming ill health and exhaustion, due to the illness of his second wife, Jane Amanda Durfee (Jay's first wife, Catherine Johns, died in 1846 at the age of twenty-three). Jay retired from public life in 1801 and died at home with his children on May 17th, 1829.
Suggested sites for John Jay:Encyclopedia article about John Jay | <urn:uuid:3ef79fc3-8044-4295-a4c3-e532e0db385a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jay.thefreelibrary.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.98164 | 951 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Ordinarily, pitcher plants lure and catch insects via modified leaves that grow above the ground. These vertically oriented pitcher-shaped appendages are roughly cylindrical, with an open top and an enclosed bottom.
Insects such as flies are initially drawn in by attractive pigments or nectar, but then slip on the slick rim of the pitcher when they land on it. They proceed to fall to the bottom of the pitcher, where they drown in a pool of collected water. Their bodies then dissolve and are digested by the plant.
In 2012 an international group of scientists spotted pitcher plants in one region of Borneo, which initially appeared to completely lack pitchers.
Upon further investigation, however, the researchers found that the plants had underground shoots that supported subterranean pitchers. Growing either in underground cavities or directly into the soil, the pitchers measured up to 11 cm long (4.3 in), and were capturing soil-dwelling prey such as ants, mites and beetles.
The plants have now been classified as a unique species of pitcher plant, named Nepenthes pudica – the latter part of the moniker is derived from the latin word pudicus, which means “bashful.”
It is believed that the plants evolved the underground pitchers in response to their high-altitude dry ridge-top habitat, where water is scarce and above-ground insects are often in short supply. “We hypothesize that underground cavities have more stable environmental conditions, including humidity, and there is presumably also more potential prey during dry periods,” said team member Michal Golos, a PhD student at the University of Bristol.
A paper on the research – which was led by Prof. Martin Dančák of Palacký University Olomouc in the Czech Republic – was recently published in the journal PhytoKeys. | <urn:uuid:2a460ca0-8f46-4428-a6b5-477c3e4c44f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://weirdnews.info/2022/06/30/newly-classified-carnivorous-plant-goes-underground-to-catch-prey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.968704 | 384 | 4.71875 | 5 |
Fire System Testing
Fire hydrants and fire systems on all sites, such as hospitals, universities or pharmaceutical plants, need to be maintained and tested as part of your annual maintenance program. Testing and maintenance should be conducted for both insurance purposes and to ensure operability if a fire was to occur.
- Visual Inspection of all hydrants and surrounds
- Flow Rates
- Dynamic and Static Pressures
All testing conducted in accordance with BS:5306
In assessing water distribution
for new sites, whether for an extension
or a complete new build, water delivery
is critical. The level of services at critical
points on a water network are
measured through pressure logging,
whilst simulating flows at peak demand
determines the suitability of the water
main for expansion. | <urn:uuid:5cd99eed-1464-4a33-aa76-f3700e3974f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hotfrog.ie/business/lowflo/lowflo-water-and-leak-detection-hydrant-testing-flow-simulation-24468 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908344 | 164 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Validation of Cooking Times and Temperatures for Thermal Inactivation of Yersinia pestis Strains KIM5 and CDC-A1122 in Irradiated Ground Beef
Abstract:Irradiated ground beef samples (ca. 3-g portions with ca. 25% fat) inoculated with Yersina pestis strain KIM5 (ca. 6.7 log CFU/g) were heated in a circulating water bath stabilized at 48.9, 50, 52.5, 55, 57.5, or 60°C (120, 122, 126.5, 131, 135.5, and 140°F, respectively). Average D-values were 192.17, 34.38, 17.11, 3.87, 1.32, and 0.56 min, respectively, with a corresponding z-value of 4.67°C (8.41°F). In related experiments, irradiated ground beef patties (ca. 95 g per patty with ca. 25% fat) were inoculated with Y. pestis strains KIM5 or CDC-A1122 (ca. 6.0 log CFU/g) and cooked on an open-flame gas grill or on a clam-shell type electric grill to internal target temperatures of 48.9, 60, and 71.1°C (120, 140, and 160°F, respectively). For patties cooked on the gas grill, strain KIM5 populations decreased from ca. 6.24 to 4.32, 3.51, and ≤0.7 log CFU/g at 48.9, 60, and 71.1°C, respectively, and strain CDC-A1122 populations decreased to 3.46 log CFU/g at 48.9°C and to ≤0.7 log CFU/g at both 60 and 71.1°C. For patties cooked on the clam-shell grill, strain KIM5 populations decreased from ca. 5.96 to 2.53 log CFU/g at 48.9°C and to ≤0.7 log CFU/g at 60 or 71.1°C, and strain CDC-A1122 populations decreased from ca. 5.98 to ≤0.7 log CFU/g at all three cooking temperatures. These data confirm that cooking ground beef on an open-flame gas grill or on a clam-shell type electric grill to the temperatures and times recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Code, appreciably lessens the likelihood, severity, and/or magnitude of consumer illness if the ground beef were purposefully contaminated even with relatively high levels of Y. pestis.
Document Type: Research Article
Affiliations: 1: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA 2: Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia 3: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA;, Email: email@example.com
Publication date: 2009-03-01
- The Journal of Food Protection has moved to a new website. Please use http://jfoodprotection.org to access the Journal of Food Protection and Journal of Milk & Food Technology content on the new JFP site. Content on the IngentaConnect website will not be available after December 31, 2016.
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Cleaning Curling And Tinting Feathers
To clean, immerse the feather in gasoline to which has been added a few
spoonfuls of cornmeal. Draw the feather through the hands several times
until it is clean; rinse in clear gasoline and shake in the fresh air
till dry. A very light-colored or white feather may be tinted by
dissolving some oil paint in the gasoline used for rinsing.
To curl, draw the flues, a very few at a time, over a blunt knife. A
plume is rather difficult to sew on a hat and produce the desired
effect. The end of the quill may be sewed very firmly to the hat, while
the tip of the plume should not be sewed close to the hat, otherwise it
will look stiff. | <urn:uuid:2639175d-1015-4b18-9ac1-da6d09479264> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.artscraft.ca/MakeHats/Cleaning-Curling-And-Tinting-Fea.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.931638 | 176 | 2.265625 | 2 |
About the GCRF
The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) is a £1.5 billion government fund which supports the UK’s role in global development research. By working with world-leading researchers and institutions, the fund contributes to addressing the complex global issues faced by developing countries.
GCRF forms part of the UK Government’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) commitment and is overseen by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS).
For more information about GCRF and an overview of other projects supported by the fund, click here.
The PEER Network is one of a group of international academic networks funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) and led by universities in the UK. They have been set up to conduct collaborative arts and humanities-based research into some of the world’s most pressing development challenges.
The ‘Network Plus’ model is designed to bring together a wide range of UK arts and humanities research expertise with researchers and non-academic partners in low and middle income countries. It focuses on challenge-led, multidisciplinary research, providing an agile response to emergencies in need of urgent analysis and strengthening the UK and developing countries’ capability for research.
To find out more about the Network Plus, please visit the AHRC website. | <urn:uuid:2cbaebaa-1482-4395-9c6e-c45de2fe259b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://peernetworkgcrf.org/about-us/gcrf-network-plus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.919741 | 279 | 2.1875 | 2 |
You just started Judo, or you want to start, then you’ll need to get the right uniform for the practice, even if you’ve done other martial arts before. Before you get too into Judo, you should also know the names for various things, like the uniform you wear. So then what do you call a judo uniform anyway?
You call a Judo uniform a Judogi. The Judogi includes canvas pants, a heavy jacket, and a belt. Judo typically requires a blue Judogi and a white Judogi so that competitors aren’t all wearing the same thing. The belt comes in different colors based on the person’s level in Judo.
If you want to practice Judo, you should know some of the key terms for the sport. That way, you can walk into a match or practice session and not feel confused. Keep reading to learn more about the terminology for Judo uniforms.
The Overall Judo Uniform: A Basic Overview
The name for the overall uniform in Judo is Judogi. Sometimes, you will hear the nickname “gi,” but it refers to the same thing. A Judogi has a few different parts that you should know and have for any competitions or practice sessions.
You have a jacket made of a heavy material, which you wear like a shirt, and it looks like a lot of other martial arts tops. The uniform also comes with a pair of light cotton pants. Again, the pants look similar to pants for karate, tae kwon do, and other sports.
Every Judogi should also include a belt. As with most martial arts, you have different belt colors and should wear the color that matches your rank. When you advance, you can switch out your belt for the new color.
Parts of the Judogi
When looking at a Judogi, you should be able to recognize the various parts. Some parts come into play during Judogi matches, and having names for them can help. Consider the parts of your Judogi and the terms in both Japanese and English:
- Hidari-suso-guchi (Left pant cuff)
- Suso (Skirt of the jacket)
- Migi-suso-guchi (Right pant cuff)
- Hidari-sodeguchi (Left sleeve cuff)
- Migi-sodeguchi (Right sleeve cuff)
- Hidari-yoko-obi (Left belt side)
- Ushiro-obi (Rear belt)
- Migi-yoko-obi (Right belt side)
- Mae-obi (Front belt)
- Hidari-soto-naka-sode (Left outer middle sleeve)
- Hidari-mae-eri (Left front lapel)
- Migi-soto-naka-sode (Right outer middle sleeve)
- Migi-mae-eri (Right front lapel)
- Hidari-yoko-eri (Left lapel)
- Migi-yoko-eri (Right lapel)
- Ushiro-eri (Back lapel)
As you learn Judo, you can learn different techniques that involve each part of the uniform. Knowing the terms now can help you prepare when you need to use them. That way, you can use the English or Japanese versions.
What Do Participants Wear During Judo Competitions?
When participating in Judo competitions, you can wear a special uniform. This outfit isn’t that different from the traditional dress, but the slight changes are important. If two people wear the same uniform, it can be hard to tell them apart during the match.
One person will wear the usual white Judogi with their rank belt color. However, the other person may wear a blue Judogi. This helps anyone watching differentiate between the two competitors.
Some competitions may not require a blue Judogi. Instead, they will use blue and white-colored belts to tell competitors apart. That way, the competition can still go on, but people don’t have to have two full uniforms.
What Do Judo Belt Colors Mean?
Like any other martial art, Judo belts come in different colors, and they all correspond to different ranks. In the original Kodokan judo system you would start in a light blue belt. The next color was white, and the color after that is brown or purple. Brown is the senior color, and purple is the junior color.
The junior system ends after purple. After that, juniors and seniors wear the same belt colors as they increase through the ranks. Next, you can finally reach black belt status. This color applies to all future ranks. However, some more advanced ranks can use a red and white belt or a red belt instead of a black.
Today there are different orders of belt color depending on where you live in the world. In the United States for example you would start with a white belt. Then you might get the yellow, orange, green, brown, and black. Different areas and even organizations have a different belt system.
Knowing the judo belt colors can help you know what level other people are at. While you may practice or compete against people at your same level, you never know when one of you might advance. Knowing the colors can also help if you ever want to teach Judo or watch a competition.
Kodokan Grading System
The current ranking system has been in use since 1883, and it has two major categories: kyu and dan. As you advance through the ranks, you will get different belts, but it can help to know how the ranking system works.
When you start Judo, you will be a sixth kyu (rokkyu) and wear a light blue belt to signify you’re a beginner. Once you receive enough practice, you can advance to fifth kyu (gokyu) and wear a white belt for that rank and the next rank, fourth kyu (yonkyu).
As you reach third kyu (sankyu), you will wear a brown or purple belt. You will keep that same color through the second kyu (nikkyu) and first kyu (ikkyu).
After that, you will reach the rank of first dan (shodan), where you can get a black belt. The same belt applies through the second, third, fourth, and fifth dan (nidan, sandan, yondan, godan). For sixth, seventh, and eighth dan (rokudan, nanadan, hachidan), you can wear a black belt or a red and white belt. Of course, this will look different if you are getting ranked in Europe or the United States.
Ninth, tenth, and eleventh dan (kudan, judan, juchidan) also use a black belt. At this stage, you can also wear a red belt.
How to Wear the Judogi
When you start Judo, you should make sure you wear your Judogi correctly. Putting on your uniform is fairly simple, but it’s good to make sure you are comfortable in it.
You can wear the jacket like you would any other top, but wrap the jacket’s left flap over the right flap. Leave the top untucked from your pants. You can wear the pants like a regular pair.
How to Tie the Belt
No matter what level you reach, you will need to tie your Judo belt. You can’t just wrap it around and tie a knot. There’s a very specific process you should use to tie your belt.
First, circle the belt around your waist twice and bring the ends to the front. Make sure the ends are the same length, and pull the belt around your waist tightly. It should be tight, but you also want to be able to breathe and move in it.
Thread the right end up under your belt, then keep holding it. Thread the left side up and under the belt. Wrap the left edge out and over the right end of the belt. Take the left belt, bring it down through the inner loop, then tighten both ends until a knot forms.
How Much Does A Judogi Cost?
When you first start Judo, you only need a white Judogi. You can get a blue one if you do competitions that use that system, but for now, you only need to spend about $40 or $50 on one uniform. A good example would be the Elite Sports Judogi.
As you advance, you can switch to a more expensive uniform with better quality. Some uniforms can exceed $200, but you don’t need those until you get serious about Judo. A good pick for a higher quality judogi would be the Fuji Double Weave Judogi.
Keeping Your Judo Uniform Clean
Whether you get an affordable or more expensive Judogi, you should know how to clean it. Wash your Judogi in cold water and let it hang to dry. Don’t put it in the dryer or use bleach because that can shrink your uniform or damage the cotton fibers.
Try to wash your uniform after every time you wear it. If you practice Judo every day, consider getting multiple uniforms. That way, you don’t have to wash one all of the time.For a complete guide check out my article: How To Wash A Judogi!
A judo uniform is called a Judogi. The Judo uniform, or Judogi, is an important element of the martial art. Make sure you know the terms for the various parts of your Judogi and what your belt color means. That way, you can be comfortable and recognize other Judo competitors and their status. | <urn:uuid:9914c9a0-536c-4e88-9533-d9d0071f31f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://grapplingschool.com/what-do-you-call-a-judo-uniform/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.928916 | 2,042 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Filipino cuisine is very complex, heavily influenced by the country’s former colonizers and its neighboring Asian countries. Because of this, Filipino food has been shaped by the Chinese, Spaniards, Indians, Japanese, and a whole plethora of Western influences.
What were the influences of foreign cultures in Filipino food?
Philippine cuisine has several foreign influences that have successfully melded with local, indigenous cuisine. Indigenous Filipino food is heavily influenced by Chinese cuisine, brought along by the various traders and later on, Chinese immigrants mainly from Fujian region of China and the Cantonese.
What other nations or countries influenced the current Filipino cuisines?
Filipino cuisine is influenced by many cultures, mainly Malay, Spanish and Chinese cultures. More recently, influences from the United States, Germany and Japan have made their way into Filipino cooking.
What was the Filipino food that had been influenced by foreign flavors?
Adobo. This famous dish was influenced by the Spanish when they invaded and settled in the Philippines during the 16th centrury. Adobo originated from the word Adouber which means “to dress meat in vinegar or spices”. As the century went by, the word Adouber changed to Adobar, to Adobado, and finally, Adobo.
How did the Spaniards influence the Filipino food culture?
Because the Spaniards formed the elite, dishes adapted by upper-class Filipinos were also Spanish-inspired. Thus many of the party and fiesta dishes and those served for special occasions bear names like relleno, morcon, paella, callos, embutido, caldereta, etc.
What is the culture food of the Philippines?
Popular dishes include: lechón (whole roasted pig), longganisa (Philippine sausage), tapa (cured beef), torta (omelette), adobo (chicken or beef braised in garlic, vinegar, oil and soy sauce, or cooked until dry), kaldereta (meat stewed in tomato sauce and liver paste), mechado (larded beef in soy and tomato sauce), …
What is Filipino food culture?
Filipino food is simple to cook and always a pleasure to serve and eat. The blend of flavor and texture makes them stand out. Also, the warmth extended to family and friends motivates Filipinos to ‘cook with love. ‘ The typical Filipino meal is composed of vegetables, seafood, dairy, meat, and rice.
What are the influences of the different Filipino cuisine on our popular culture as Filipino?
Because of this, Filipino food has been shaped by the Chinese, Spaniards, Indians, Japanese, and a whole plethora of Western influences. For instance, the country’s pancit (noodles) and lumpia (spring rolls) were influenced by early Chinese settlers in Manila, taking on a very Filipino life of their own.
How does the Filipino cuisine reflect the Filipino culture?
“Filipino food reflects the culture of the Filipinos,” said Barbara Delos Reyes. Filipino families, she said, are fond of having a mix of various dishes on one dining table and it reflects the hospitality of the Filipinos and the culture of close family ties. “When we eat in our homes, we are always together.
Which colonizer had the most influence on Filipino food?
Historians said that almost 80% of the Filipino cuisines have originated from Spain. You can tell that the Filipino food being served on fiestas has Spanish influences.
What are international dishes?
10 of the Best International Foods You Have to Try
- China: Jiaozi. Dumplings | iStock.com. …
- Costa Rica: Gallo Pinto. Rice and beans | iStock.com. …
- Czech Republic: Goulash and Bread Dumplings. Goulash | iStock.com. …
- Vietnam: Pho. …
- Germany: Jägerbraten mit Spätzle. …
- Hong Kong: Dim Sum. …
- India: Masala Dosa. …
- Morocco: Tagine.
What kind of influences are there in your favorite dish?
Some examples of these influences that contribute to an individual’s food choices include individual factors, such as knowledge, personal taste preference, mood, hunger level, health status, special diet requirements, ethnicity, and personal income.
What were the foreign influences in Philippine culture?
The modern Filipino culture developed through influence from Chinease traders, Spanish conquistadors, and American rulers. Filipino people tend to be very hospitable, especially to Western visitors (1).
What Filipino cultural practices reflect Spanish influence on Filipino lifestyle?
Filipinos at home set up altars in the Hispanic tradition adorned with Catholic images, flowers, and candles. During fiestas, most communities organise church services and religious processions in honor of a patron saint, hold funfairs and concerts, and feast with a variety of Filipino foods.
What did Spanish influence Philippines?
Spanish Colonization (1565-1898)
Because Spain controlled the Philippines so early and for so long, they were a massive influence to the modern Filipino culture. The biggest influence still seen to this day is religion. The majority of religion practiced in the Philippines is still Roman Catholic, at 79.5%. | <urn:uuid:e06c893b-db1d-4367-b343-d37531618d1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theevitelhotels.com/cities-and-countries/what-are-the-different-international-cultures-that-greatly-influenced-the-filipino-food-culture.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.941612 | 1,115 | 2.75 | 3 |
Nick Ottens via Atlantic Sentinel |The growing influence of top military officers in Donald Trump’s administration is causing some to half-jokingly wonder if we’re looking at the beginning of an American junta.
Shaun Riordan, a former British diplomat and Atlantic Sentinel contributor, asks on Twitter:
If this was not #US & #POTUSTrump would we not be talking about a #coupdetat?
Of course, this is banter. Nobody expects White House Chief of Staff John Kelly, Defense Secretary James Mattis and National Security Advisor H.R. McMaster to attempt a putsch.
On the other hand, Trump does behave like the head of a banana republic and his elevation of current and retired generals does mark a striking departure for a country that has for generations positioned civilian leaders above and apart from the armed forces, in the words of The Washington Post.
The Generals Influence
The same newspaper learned that Kelly, Mattis and McMaster see their roles not merely as executing Trump’s directives but also as guiding him away from moves that they fear could have catastrophic consequences.
The generals’ ascendancy appears to have played a role in the ouster of Trump advisor Steve Bannon, now back in charge of the far-right website Breibart, as well as his faux intellectual sidekick, Sebastian Gorka. Both men advocated replacing American troops in Afghanistan with a mercenary army.
When Trump announced on Twitter that transgenders would no longer be allowed to serve in the military, General Joseph Dunford, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs, contradicted him. “We will continue to treat all of our personnel with respect,” he said.
We know Trump was wary of sending more troops into Afghanistan because he has told us so. We also know, via NBC News, that Trump considered replacing the American commander in the country, General John Nicholson, “because he is not winning the war”.
No matter that it’s Trump’s job to define what “winning” means.
Kelly, Mattis and McMaster appear to have changed Trump’s mind on both issues.
As they did on the Iran nuclear deal. Trump wants to kill it, even though Iran is in compliance. So far, the deal remains in place.
Trump is in Charge
But there is only so much the officers can do.
Trump is still lukewarm about NATO and has yet to utter a critical word about Vladimir Putin. Kelly’s elevation to chief of staff did not stop Trump from equating white supremacists with their opponents two weeks later. The transgender ban is now being implemented. The Iran deal may yet fall apart. At the end of the day, the president is in charge.
It’s comforting to know that three battle-hardened soldiers are keeping an eye on the man who casually threatens nuclear “fire and fury”, but a junta they are not. | <urn:uuid:e7e7b354-0f95-4550-b60f-01851f904cc4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thecorner.eu/news-the-world/world-politics/generals-gain-influence-over-trump-but-this-is-not-a-junta/66734/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.956325 | 610 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Throwing room is equipped with 15 Shimpo Whisper potters wheels, one Lockerbie kickwheel, an extruder , sinks and abundant shelf, counter and table space. The handbuilding room houses a large Brent slab roller and extruder, sinks, tables and lots of shelving. A plaster working room provides space for mold making and a Slip-o-matic for slip casting. The clay mixing room contains a Soldner mixer, a large Venco pugmill, a smaller Axner pugmill for porcelain, and storage for raw clay and glaze materials.
The spacious glaze room is fitted with a large spray booth, laboratory fume hood for glaze mixing, raw material under-counter bins, ball mill, huge sink and all stainless steel work tables and glaze mixing areas.
The kiln room (A large room built originally to house the Newcomb Pottery bottle kiln and equipment in 1918) contains 7 electric kilns, (three Cone Art 8 cu ft. and a 12 cu. ft oval, a 20 cu ft. Fredrickson and two test kilns) and three gas kilns, 16, 24 and 60 cubic feet. Large and fragile work is easily handled with a Big Joe electric fork lift and the pull out bed of the large gas car-kiln. Steel fabricating equipment includes horizontal band saw, gas and Tig / arc welders. A covered outdoor firing area houses two raku kilns and a 16 cubic foot soda kiln. A dedicated slide, and critique room provides clean space for lectures and critiques, as well as space for photographing finished work with studio lighting equipment.
There are private individual studios for graduate students. Enrolled students have 24 hour access to the facilities. More facility shots:
Critique Room Handbuilding Studio
Clay Mixing Room
Soda and Raku Kilns
Tulane University, Newcomb Art Dept., 202 Woldenberg Art Center, New Orleans, LA 70118 504-865-5327 firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:4db0a4c8-333b-4e0c-a1ae-86e6a5b70368> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www2.tulane.edu/liberal-arts/art/ceramics-facilities.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00470-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891124 | 423 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Trätoppen was designed by Anders Berensson Architects for a skyscraper to replace an old car park in the city center of Stockholm with the wooden numbers pattern on the facade that shows what floor you are on.
Architect: Anders Berensson Architects
Location: Stockholm, Sweden
Project's description: If we want to reduce the amount of cars in the city center of Stockholm and at the same time make space for more housing without building on green areas, then replacing car parks with housing, shops and restaurants feels obvious. If the car park is as central located as the one on Regeringsgatan 47 it also make sense to build a high building that can fit a lot of people, shops and restaurants.
The existing car park, "Parkaden", is perhaps Sweden's most famous one designed by Hans Asplund. The most characteristic feature of the house is a pattern with numbers on the facade which shows what floor you are on. Another thing that distinguishes this car park is the early use of a system of sloped floors. Retaining the sloping floor is hard due to the buildings low ceiling height, however it is possible to maintain the facade if the new building don’t use the whole footprint of the existing car park.
The skyscraper is retracted six meters from the existing car parks facade in order not to interfere too much with the expression of the car park . The Skyscraper is considerably smaller in foot print than the car park which enables space for a large public terrace on the seventh floor. The retraction also makes it possible to use the existing building at the lower floors after an extensive reconstruction.
The new building will be 40 stories high and built out of cross laminated timber "CLT". In the 33 floors that protrude above the existing car park 31 floors will be residential and 2 floors will be public terraces. The seven floors inside the existing car park is best suited for shopping and restaurants due to the depth of the house. The CLT facade of the new skyscraper is a continuation of the pattern with numbers that Hans Asplund designed. From the outside, one can count the floors by reading the facade and from the inside you will be reminded what floor you are on just like in the parking garage. This is a useful feature given that the skyscraper will be the highest in the city center of Stockholm. The facade also has some practical benefits and acts like a sun screen, which keeps the building cool and energy efficient. | <urn:uuid:98feac33-b426-4b15-96e8-99919ab3ad97> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://88designbox.com/architecture/tratoppen-a-skyscraper-with-wooden-decorative-facade-998.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00397-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95361 | 505 | 1.640625 | 2 |
LIVERMORE, Calif., Jan. 17, 2006 -- For the last 50 years, the only fundamental ways to produce coherent light has been with lasers or free-electron lasers. But a group of researchers from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have found a new source of coherent optical radiation that is unique.
Applications for this research are numerous, but the most immediate result may be a new diagnostic tool to determine the properties of shock waves, said Evan Reed, an E.O. Lawrence postdoctoral fellow at Lawrence Livermore and lead author of a paper that appeared in the Jan. 13 edition of Physical Review Letters. Other Livermore authors include Richard Gee of LLNL’s Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Div.
This figure shows the emission of coherent light at 22 THz from a molecular dynamics simulation of shocked NaCl (table salt). The left panel shows the emission of the light as a function of time while the shock is propagating. The right panel shows the generated radiation as a function of location within the shocked crystal indicating the 22 THz coherent signal is generated at the shock front (between the white dotted lines). (Image: LLNL)
Through a series of theoretical calculations and experimental simulations, scientists generated a mechanical shock wave inside a dielectric crystalline material, in this case common table salt (NaCl). One might expect to see only incoherent photons and sparks from the shocked crystal, but what they found was so much more. Weak yet measurable coherent light was seen emerging from the crystal. The emission frequencies are determined by the shock speed and the lattice makeup of the crystal. The team found that measurable coherent light can be observed emerging from the crystal in the range of 1 to 100 terahertz (THz).
“To our knowledge, coherent light never has been seen before from shock waves propagating through crystals, because a shocked crystal is not an obvious source to look for coherent radiation,” Reed said. “The light and radiation was in a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is not usually observed in these types of experiments.”
Coherent light is very narrow bandwidth radiation; it is useful for interferometry (the measurement of two or more waves coming together at the same time and place, such as optical and shock waves) and is usually associated with lasers.
The invention of the laser in 1958 as a source of coherent light enabled a wide range of applications, including medical technologies and energy production, because of the coherence of the light they generate. However, producing coherent light from a source other than a laser can serve as a diagnostic for understanding shock waves, specifically providing information about shock speed and the degree of crystallinity, Reed said.
In the computational experiments, the researchers observed the light generated by a shocked polarized material by performing molecular dynamics simulations of shock waves propagating through crystalline NaCl. The simulations solved the classical equations of motion for atoms that are subject to interaction, thermal effects and deformation of the crystal lattice. The intensive computer simulations were made possible by using LLNL’s Thunder parallel computer.
LLNL’s Laboratory Directed Research and Development program is funding an experiment to observe coherent radiation in the laboratory. Reed, Michael Armstrong (a chemistry and materials science postdoctoral researcher) and researchers from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) will collaborate on the project, which will be conducted at LANL experimental facilities.
For more information, visit: www.llnl.gov | <urn:uuid:0e4204d6-cd05-419c-bd10-a242984071f9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=24130 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00346-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913075 | 715 | 3.34375 | 3 |
TYPE 2 - Light Support
Light support bandages: products in this group are also sometimes called short or minimal stretch bandages. They include the familiar crepe-type products of the British Pharmacopoeia together with numerous “non-official” variations of these bandages, which are manufactured from cotton or cotton and viscose, and which show considerable variability in performance. They are used to prevent the formation of oedema and give support in the management of mild sprains and strains.
Compared with the compression bandages described below, light support or minimal stretch bandages have limited extensibility and elasticity, and tend to “lock out” at relatively low levels of extension. It is this feature that enables them to be applied firmly over a joint to give support without generating significant levels of pressure.
Short stretch bandages have also been used for the treatment of venous leg ulcers. When applied at full extension, they form an inelastic covering to the leg which tends to resist any change in the geometry of the calf muscle during exercise, thereby increasing surface pressure in a cyclical fashion and enhancing the action of the calf muscle pump.
Similarly, when an individual moves from a supine to a standing position or sits with the legs dependent, blood collects in the vessels and sinuses of the lower leg under the influence of gravity, causing the volume of the leg to increase. If this is associated with the formation of oedema, leg volume will increase still further.
A short stretch bandage applied at full stretch, with the legs elevated, will tend to resist a change in volume as the legs are placed in a dependent position. This restriction will result in a significant rise in sub-bandage pressure, the degree of which will be determined by whether the subject is sitting or standing. If the subject then reverts to a supine position, the effects of gravity are reduced, the leg volume decreases and the sub-bandage pressure falls. For this reason short stretch bandages produce low residual or resting pressures.
Because short stretch bandages have limited elasticity, they are likely to be less effective than high compression bandages at reducing existing oedema as they lack the ability to “follow in” as a limb reduces in circumference. They may, however, offer some advantages in the treatment of venous ulcers where a degree of arterial impairment is known or suspected as the low residual pressures will be less likely to compromise arterial inflow.
Examples of Type 2 light support bandages (including short stretch bandages) include Elastocrepe, Leukocrepe, Lenkelast and Comprilan. | <urn:uuid:a4be4e7e-4c97-4ba8-b919-0e81ed386a71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://smtl.co.uk/testing-services/54-wound-dressings-testing-services/237-bandages-type-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.935544 | 542 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Evaluation of the documentary harlan region usa
My spouse and i. SUMMARY OF FACTS
Remember: This is just a sample from a fellow student. Your time is important. Let us write you an essay from scratchGet essay help
The film’s central focus may be the real-life records of a reach stages simply by miners inside the Brookside My very own against Fight it out Power Company, a big energy firm in the United States, because of its alleged unjust labor procedures, dangerous functioning conditions, and low pay. It also features the lack of response of the Combined Mine Staff of America (UWMA) for the plight in the workers.
Basically, film movie director and producer Barbara Kopple, together with her crew, spent years while using miners and the families described and written about their poor working and living conditions.
The lady followed all of them as they came back in front of the Nyse and also evaluated miners troubled by black chest disease or coalminer’s pneumoconiosis. The film also recorded that key source of discord between the company and the miners was the no-strike clause inside the contract, which was eventually taken out.
Moreover, the film also showed how the company increased its income by more than 100 percent while the miners only received a 4 per cent shell out increaseregardless of the 7 per cent increaese inside the cost of living in the same year.
Major elements also shown inside the documentary are the prevalence of country music, which has more or less been among the themes from the entire hit. However , the most significant events proven in the documentary are the murders of two miners, Paul Yablonski great family, and Lawrence Smith. Their deaths eventually altered the wave for the miners while the administration finally a agreed to set up a bagain with them, ending the strike.
1 . What elements could have caused the company to use the miners the way they performed?
2 . What were the possible cultural and financial factors that compelled the miners to stay working for the company before finally staging a strike?
3. In what methods is the film an important social masterpiece and an eye-opener to contemporary society?
1 . In general, there are many of factors which come into get regard towards the exploitation of miners inside the film. First may be the human element since Duke Power Company is definitely run by humans. Consequently , they are at risk of temptations, desprovisto, and thoughts, among many others. Additionally , the socio-economic status in the miners performed an important part in pressing their companies to exploit all of them. For example , because shown inside the documentary, the almost of all of the miners are impoverished.
So when they were able to find work as coalminers, they probably saw that as a fantastic opportunity for these to make a living and improve their conditions which is why they will agreed to help the company without considering the unfair labor methods at the time. Simply because the miners are apparently eager to discover work, the business willingly used them by providing them with harmful working circumstances and low wages. In such a way, it would also appear the miners had been indebted towards the company pertaining to providing them with jobs.
2 . Poverty can be clearly one of the most significant financial factors that compelled the miners to work for the the company. Since shown in the film, the miners skilled some of the worst living conditions. Nearly of all do not have sufficient drinking water and meals, among additional basic essentials. Seeing that these people were in terrible need of means to improve their lives, they willingly allowed themselves to get exploited provided that they are able to make a living (Biskind d. p. ).
However , since depicted in the documentary, the miners had been unaware of the indegent working circumstances that awaited them, including the no strike terms in their legal agreements, which was at some point removed. However , in a way, the miners sensed that the clause in the agreement initially meant that their place in the company is safe and there will never be any need for them to stage a reach. But sooner or later, they realized that the affect prevented these people from affecting the labor practices in the company and this is why they pushed for its removing.
3. The documentary overall serves as a significant cultural part and an eye-opener for the reason that of the painful reality it depicted. Besides the impoverished miners, the documentary also captured on film true to life situations such as imprisoned strikers, rioters, violence, courtrooms, and even killing. It can also be said that the documentary had a even more human area to that, as director Kopple had taken various dangers by participating the actual attacks and pickets and also meeting with the users of the miners and their households.
Aside from demonstrating the plight from the miners, it also depicted how people with little to no education are abused and exploited simply by those who rank higher in culture. Most of all, the strength of the film lies intensely on its moral authority (Biskind n. p. ) as it does not just portray characters and villains, but simply the truth and the lessons being learned from it.
Over-all, I believe that the document is known as a highly vital piece that depicts the realities of one of the weakest working classes in the country- the fossil fuel miners. I am sure that most persons, myself included, are not aware of the dangers that accompany the job such as black lung disease, which is perilous. In general, I believe that the the film was successful in depicting just how these coalminers risk their very own lives to ensure the homes and businesses of 1000s of Americans are supplied with electicity and power and therefore, they much more than deserve, at the very least, safe functioning conditions, fair labor techniques, and larger wages.
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Los Angeles financial loan officer Carl Allen (Jim Carrey) has become withdrawn as his divorce from ex-wife Stephanie (Molly Sims). Often ignoring his friends Pete (Bradley Cooper) and Rooney (Danny ... | <urn:uuid:0e4f94be-a9b1-4ecc-96cc-c8ee327bd1ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://neacollege.com/evaluation-of-the-documentary-harlan-region-usa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.972277 | 1,436 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Israel says it will continue to build its controversial security barrier, despite an overwhelming vote in the U.N. General Assembly condemning the project, and demanding that Israel halt construction and dismantle parts of the wall already built in Palestinian areas.
Deputy Prime Minister Ehud Olmert dismissed the lopsided U.N. vote - 144-4, with 12 abstentions - and described the world body as routinely hostile towards Israel. Mr. Olmert told Israel Radio the government will press ahead with the security barrier.
Israel says the barrier is necessary to keep out potential Palestinian terrorists and to protect Israeli lives. According to opinion polls, most Israelis support building a barrier, as do most political figures.
The barrier is part electronic fence topped with razor wire and part concrete wall, interspersed with watch towers. Construction began more than a year ago.
The barrier was to be built more or less along the so-called Green Line, the old Israel-Jordan border that divides Israel from the territories of the West Bank. But the barrier reaches far into Palestinian land in some areas to encompass Jewish settlements. It often cuts off Palestinian villages from each other, Palestinian farmers from their fields, and children from their schools.
While Israelis just call it "the fence," Palestinians mostly refer to it as the apartheid or Berlin wall. They say it is just the latest Israeli land grab that will have to be negotiated in the future and might not easily be undone.
In an Israeli newspaper interview last week, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon repeated his determination to press ahead with the security barrier to block out militants and also to prevent a continued influx of Palestinians, who he said are moving into Arab towns in Israel. The Prime Minister repeated those views in a speech to parliament on Monday.
The United States has been critical of some security barrier locations, but the U.S. ambassador voted against the General Assembly resolution condemning the barrier.
The Palestinian Authority hailed the U.N. vote, and Palestinian cabinet minister Saeb Erekat said it was morally just. He also said Israeli Deputy Prime Minister Olmert's pledge to ignore the resolution shows Israel gives little importance to international legitimacy. | <urn:uuid:3117f3d1-3856-41dd-af2c-d3d7d41cf588> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2003-10-22-35-israel-67443382/384879.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00267-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954113 | 439 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Yesterday, the House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution and Civil Justice held a hearing on H.R. 1797, the so-called District of Columbia Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act, sponsored by Rep. Trent FranksTrent FranksDissenting nominees give hope to GOP skeptics of Trump Sexism in the USA: How will women fare under Trump? GOP lawmaker: Obama's Russian sanctions meant to 'delegitimize' Trump's election MORE (R-Ariz.). This bill would ban women from obtaining abortion care after 20 weeks in the District of Columbia, and Franks has stated that he plans to amend it to apply nationwide. However, no matter its jurisdiction, this bill dangerously jeopardizes the health and well-being of women and is blatantly unconstitutional.
The Supreme Court has consistently held that states may not ban abortion care before viability. And just this week, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals struck down as unconstitutional a similar 20-week ban in Franks’s home state of Arizona. Judge Marsha Berzon, writing for the unanimous three-judge panel, said, “a woman has a right to choose to terminate her pregnancy at any point before viability — not just before twenty weeks gestational age — and the State may not proscribe that choice.”
Franks should not be imposing an abortion ban on D.C. or the rest of the nation that was just declared unconstitutional in his home state. Furthermore, a subcommittee charged with presiding over constitutional amendments and constitutional rights should not advance such a blatantly unconstitutional bill.
Aside from its flawed constitutional foundation, this bill ignores the real circumstances and complications women can face during pregnancy.
But even if it had those very narrow exceptions, this bill would still have devastating consequences for women. Some women do not recognize that they are pregnant until the pregnancy is advanced — sometimes due to irregular periods, health conditions or misdiagnosed pregnancies — and others may have to delay care while they raise necessary funds or travel great distances to obtain the abortion care they need.
This bill would deny abortion care to a woman even if her healthcare provider determines that abortion care is her best medical option. It would also force a woman to wait until severe medical conditions become life threatening before she could obtain the abortion care she needs.
Additionally, the very premise of this bill — that a fetus can feel pain at 20 weeks — is contrary to credible scientific evidence and without support from leading international experts.
Although abortion opponents often use arguments about fetal pain to advance an anti-choice political agenda, the body of scientific evidence clearly demonstrates that a fetus is incapable of feeling pain prior to the 24th week of gestation, and possibly throughout pregnancy. We must not allow the personal ideologies of some abortion opponents to trump credible scientific evidence.
Franks’s bill clearly disrespects women. His bill would allow a woman’s husband, sibling, parent or her “current or former licensed health care provider” to go to court and prevent her from obtaining abortion care. And it would impose heavy criminal penalties, including two years in jail, and civil penalties on medical professionals if they provided abortion care in violation of this inhumane bill.
Congress should not pass laws that disregard the constitution, scientific evidence or the real circumstances and complications women can face during pregnancy. The decision to seek abortion care is one that is best made by a woman in consultation with her health care provider and those she chooses to involve. The House should reject this harmful, misguided and unconstitutional legislation.
Saporta is the president of the National Abortion Federation (NAF), the professional association of abortion providers in North America. | <urn:uuid:3d117be0-a30b-46be-aad8-9ccec8c5a964> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/healthcare/301871-subcommittee-on-constitution-considers-unconstitutional-abortion-ban | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00518-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952063 | 736 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Trained as an architect and an historian, Professor Lamprakos is interested in the historical layers of buildings and cities. Her geographical focus is the Middle East and the Mediterranean world. She began her career as a development worker in Egypt, where she managed a project to revive the cottage silk industry in the Nile Delta. Through this work she developed a deep interest in material culture and the role it can play in transforming people's lives. This led her to the study of architecture and later, urban history and conservation.
Professor Lamprakos’ career has combined teaching, research, and practice in architecture and preservation. Publications include Building a World Heritage City (Ashgate, 2015), a study of conservation and building practice in Sana’a, Yemen. She has co-organized two international symposia: “Heritage and the Arab Spring” (Freer Gallery of Art, February 2014); and "Conserving the City: Critical History and Urban Conservation” (University of Pennsylvania, April 2012). The proceedings of the latter were published in a special issue of Change over Time (University of Pennsylvania Press, April 2014), with Professor Lamprakos as guest editor. Her current research on the Great Mosque of Cordoba looks at the changing fabric and meaning of the building through the centuries: as Catholic cathedral, historic monument, and symbol of the Islamic past in Spain.
Professor Lamprakos has taught at the University of Pennsylvania, Duke University, the Maryland Institute College of Art, and Philadelphia University. Courses have included studios and seminars in architectural design, urban history, adaptive reuse, and preservation. Her professional work has included design and preservation for buildings that range in scale from federal properties and tobacco warehouses to prewar single-family homes. She has worked closely with building trades on site, and has been involved in various aspects of construction management; this nurtured an interest in the various types of knowledge and practice that shape the built environment. She is owner of PALIMPSEST LLC, a design and consulting firm that focuses on older buildings and sites. Recent work includes Technical Review for the Aga Khan Award for Architecture (2010 and 2013 Award cycles). | <urn:uuid:3888d91c-f436-4943-8875-70a816dcf047> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://arch.umd.edu/arch/faculty/michele-lamprakos?qt-user=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00033-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963527 | 435 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Astrobiological instrumentation for Mars – the only way is down
In this paper, in this edition of the Journal commemorating the life and work of David Wynn-Williams, we consider approaches to the astrobiological investigation of Mars. We provide a brief account of the scientific rationale behind the approach presented here. In particular, we outline the capabilities of the Raman spectrometer for the detection of biomarkers. David Wynn-Williams was an active champion of this instrument who was keen to field-qualify a version in Antarctica with a view to flying a Raman instrument onboard a Mars-bound space mission. We examine a scenario for the deployment of such an instrument in conjunction with other instrumentation and argue that subsurface deployment of scientific instruments is essential if we are to succeed in detecting any evidence that may exist for former life on Mars. We outline a mission scenario – Vanguard – which represents a novel but low-risk, low-cost approach to Mars exploration that was conceived and developed jointly by one of the authors (Ellery) and the late David Wynn-Williams.
Authors: Ellery, A., Kolb, C., Lammer, H., Parnell, J., Edwards, H., Richter, L., Patel, M., Romstedt, J., Dickensheets, D., Steele, A., Cockell, C. | <urn:uuid:586d7a27-f13e-40bb-9cef-2e96168f823e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bas.ac.uk/data/our-data/publication/astrobiological-instrumentation-for-mars-the-only-way-is-down/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.899693 | 296 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Romania's Senate has passed a law that obliges the media to present an equal proportion of positive news to balance the "bad" news they present. And the bill passed unanimously. What were the senators thinking?
Or perhaps they weren't thinking at all. Enforcing a "positive-news" rule on free media is technically impossible in an open society. Doing so would require a comprehensive system of censorship, a clampdown on expression that would be inadmissible within the European Union. It would debilitate the media and represent a throwback to the communist era. It would be unacceptable to the media, the government, the public, and the EU. It is unworkable, unthinkable, impossible.
Nonetheless, due to the peculiarities of Romania's constitution, it is very close to becoming law. In Romania, the Senate can pass laws pertaining to the audiovisual sector, even without the consent of the lower chamber. As it did in this case.
It is expected the president will reject the bill and send it back to the Senate, which has the right to pass the bill into law over the president's veto. It is hard to imagine, though, that senators won't come to their senses by then and give a little more consideration to the consequences of their bill.
But this bill's little story tells a lot about the Byzantine ways that democracy functions in Romania. Laws are often passed with a bewildering speed and abandon in a process locals describe as a "legislative conveyor belt." The government churns out "emergency ordinances," and they have the force of law until approved or rejected by parliament. The Senate has similar powers.
In the haste to make laws, ministers or senators often don't have time to read the bills that come before them. Each initiative has a sponsor who gathers support by promising, in turn, to vote for unread bills sponsored by other officials. It is an efficient system, with enormous numbers of measures passing sometimes in a single session and no time wasted on small print. Laws that prove unworkable or scandalous can be amended, rejected by the lower chamber, or -- as is most often the case -- simply forgotten and ignored.
The "positive-news" bill is a perfect example. It flew through the Senate in a matter of minutes with a gentle push from its sponsor, extreme nationalist Gheorghe Funar.
The bill, ironically, comes as a response to Romania's success at building a thriving media sector. Although media ownership patterns have raised some eyebrows, in general Romanian media are considered relatively free even by EU standards. But in this country as in others, that success has led to a rise in sensationalism and an increase in "bad" news. The airwaves are filled with stories of rape, murder, car crashes, and more. In short, Romania is becoming like the other EU member states.
But while the publics in those countries are used to media sensationalism, this is a new and unsettling phenomenon to many in Romania. Many -- particularly rural dwellers and the elderly -- see such stories as evidence that the country has gone to the dogs. They fondly remember the days when all news was good news, when dictator Nicolae Ceausescu's daily activities headlined every broadcast and "bad" news was generally limited to reports of natural disasters in the West or the exposure of "enemies of the people." It is rather shocking to see Romania's senators sharing this nostalgia.
This law is a pathetic attempt to roll back the negativity, a negativity senators claim is depressing Romanians. The measure shows the outmoded political reflexes and communist-era tactics of the senators. They are seeking to resolve a complex social issue through heavy-handed proscriptive legislation without even involving the public, other political forces, or the media.
The real "good news" in this instance is that Romania has clearly moved beyond such antediluvian means. It is no longer a country where the government can determine the news.
Rupert Wolfe Murray was the former team leader of the EU Phare Project to the National Audiovisual Council of Romania. He welcomes feedback via his blog: www.productive.ro/blog. The views expressed in this commentary are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect those of RFE/RL | <urn:uuid:f2a02c8a-87e7-4d39-8951-09a98852f4c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rferl.org/a/Romanian_Good_News_Can_Be_Bad/1183803.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00316-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960917 | 881 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Resource spotlight! CSER Digital Technologies Alphabet Book
One of the most popular resources on the CSER website is the CSER Digital Technologies Alphabet Book!
The book contains a summary of some key concepts and ideas connected to the Australian Digital Technologies Curriculum. While not exhaustive, it includes commonly discussed topics from our many workshops and remains a useful reference source.
Designed to assist both Teachers and Parents (F - 6) to find quick definitions, resources and activities of commonly used words and acronyms - you can find the book on our Resources page in the Resources to support parents and families section. | <urn:uuid:68c0c0b7-75f5-4bd5-8ba1-12c68272150e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://csermoocs.adelaide.edu.au/news/list/2022/06/30/resource-spotlight-cser-digital-technologies-alphabet-book | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.905167 | 122 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The equal sides of an isosceles triangle are 2. If x is the base, express the area as a function of x.
The area of a triangle is 1/2 BH and the height of an Isosceles triangle I learned is :
H=square root of b^2-1/4a^2 (b is base, a is either of the equal sides)
So I got as an answer :
A = 1/2 X (x^2-1/4(2)^2)
Im pretty sure this is wrong. I keep trying to check it but Im getting it wrong. The official answer is:
A = 1/4X SQRT of 16-x^2
Dont see how to get that answer, can someone please help? | <urn:uuid:a78d6e25-d67d-4250-88d1-31adf4703f13> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mathhelpforum.com/pre-calculus/167270-function-area-isosceles-triangle.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00373-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957748 | 167 | 3.125 | 3 |
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ISBN-10/ISBN-13: B012YWPQ7I / Cognitive Foundations of Musical Pitch (Oxford Psychology Series) by Krumhansl Carol L. (2001-11-15) Paperback / Krumhansl Carol L. B011MCYQMM / Cognitive Foundations of Musical Pitch (Oxford Psychology Series) F First edition by Krumhansl, Carol L. (1990) Hardcover / Carol L. Krumhansl B010BAN0MI / [(Cognitive Foundations of Musical Pitch )] [Author: Carol L. Krumhansl] [Oct-2001] / Carol L. Krumhansl 0963287907 / 978-0963287908 / Love Letters That Work: Create Some Excitement in Your Life / Scott A. McIntosh 0671667831 / 978-0671667832 / The Best of Everything: The Insider's Guide to Collecting--For Every Taste and Every Budget / John Marion, Christopher Anderson 0195584309 / 978-0195584301 / Sociology for the Asking: An Introduction to Sociology for New Zealand / Myra Hird, George Pavlich 091285734X / 978-0912857343 / Your New Job: Tips for Career Success / N/A 9994533444 / 978-9994533442 / Developing a Conscience / Thomas Merton 0321089855 / 978-0321089854 / Comparative Politics: A Theoretical Framework, Fourth Edition / Gabriel A. Almond, Bingham G. Powell, Kaare Str?m, Russell J. Dalton 0321089863 / 978-0321089861 / Understanding the Presidency (3rd Edition) / James P. Pfiffner, Roger H. Davidson 0321084047 / 978-0321084040 / America Past and Present, Volume I: Chapters 1-16 (6th Edition) / Robert A. Divine, T.H. Breen, George M. Fredrickson, R. Hal Williams 0321084446 / 978-0321084446 / Emperor Qianlong: Son of Heaven, Man of the World / Mark Elliott 0321084926 / 978-0321084927 / The Call to Write / John Trimbur 032108537X / 978-0321085375 / Jacques Coeur: Entrepreneur and King's Bursar (Library of World Biography Series) (Library of World Biography) / Kathryn L. Reyerson 0321086023 / 978-0321086020 / Economics Today: The Micro View / Roger LeRoy Miller, David Van Hoose 0321086171 / 978-0321086174 / Alexander the Great: Legacy of a Conqueror (Library of World Biography Series) (Library of World Biography) / Winthrop Lindsay Adams 0321086708 / 978-0321086709 / American Government 2002: Continuity and Change / Karen O'Connor, Larry J. Sabato 0321087682 / 978-0321087683 / Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (8th Edition) / X. J. Kennedy, Dana Gioia 0321088107 / 978-0321088109 / Content Area Reading: Literacy and Learning Across the Curriculum (7th Edition) / Richard T. Vacca, Jo Anne L. Vacca 0321088948 / 978-0321088949 / Exploring Poetry / Frank Madden 0321089014 / 978-0321089014 / Political Environment of Public Management (2nd Edition) / Peter Kobrak 0321089650 / 978-0321089656 / Essential Reading Skills / Kathleen T. McWhorter 0321085949 / 978-0321085948 / Understanding Ethnic Conflict: The International Dimension (2nd Edition) / Ray Taras, Rajat Ganguly 032108618X / 978-0321086181 / Ignatius of Loyola: Founder of the Jesuits (Library of World Biography Series) / John Patrick Donnelly 0321086740 / 978-0321086747 / American Government 2002: Continuity and Change / Karen O'Connor, Larry J. Sabato 0321086848 / 978-0321086846 / American Elections: The Rules Matter / Robert Dudley, Alan Gitelson 0321087313 / 978-0321087317 / American Government: Continuity and Change, 2000 Election Update (Paperback) / Karen O'Connor, Larry Sabato 0321087623 / 978-0321087621 / Fiction: A Pocket Anthology (3rd Edition) / R.S. Gwynn 0321088050 / 978-0321088055 / Communication in History: Technology, Culture, and Society (4th Edition) / David Crowley, Paul Heyer 0321088352 / 978-0321088352 / Critical Reading, Critical Thinking: A Contemporary Issues Approach (2nd Edition) / Richard Pirozzi
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China Synthetic Resin Industry Report, 2013-2016 that by 2016 China’s synthetic resin production will reach 70.58 million tons.
Browse Full Research Report With TOC on http://www.radiantinsights.com/research/china-synthetic-resin-industry
China’s synthetic resin industry has entered the high-speed development period since 2000, thus becoming the world’s big producer and consumer of synthetic resin. In 2012 its synthetic resin capacity, production and apparent consumption attained to 58 million tons, 52.133 million tons and 79.473 million tons, respectively. In 2013-2016, China’s synthetic resin industry will continue to face massive capacity expansion, especially polyolefin products.
In 2013 SINOPEC Wuhan Company’s 800,000 tons/a Ethylene Project went into operation, bringing new 600,000 tons/a polyethylene and 400,000 tons/a polypropylene production capacity; PetroChina Sichuan Petrochemical Company Ltd’s 800,000 tons/a ethylene plant will add 600,000 tons/a polyethylene and 250,000 tons/a polypropylene production capacity.
China’s synthetic resins mainly include five categories i.e. polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), of which, PE has the largest consumption. In 2012 China’s apparent consumption of PE was 17.9 million tons; followed by PP with 14.98 million tons; PVC, PS and ABS respectively 13.93 million tons, 2.76 million tons and 2.68 million tons.
As China’s economic recovery has stabilized, the demand for synthetic resin will also see a gradual increase; following the successive commissioning of domestic olefin plants, synthetic resin production will rise accordingly, and the substitute of domestic production for foreign imports will be increasingly expanded.
See More Reports of This Category by Radiant Insights: http://www.radiantinsights.com/catalog/plastics
Consisting of 8 chapters and 138 charts, this report not only makes an analysis on overall production, apparent demand, import & export, price, etc. of synthetic resin in China as well as market overview, competitive landscape and future trends of major industry segments (PE, PP, PVC, PS and ABS); but also introduces profile, financial performance, product sales, product type, cost analysis, operating conditions, development strategy of 12 key companies e.g. Xinjiang Zhongtai Chemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co.,Ltd and SINOPEC Maoming Company.
Latest Report by Radiant Insights:
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Benefits of Using a UAS (Drone) for Land Surveying
Using a UAS (an unmanned aerial system, or drone) for 3D mapping provides many benefits to a project. A UAS can capture aerial images and LiDAR from the sky. This equipment can be used to perform photogrammetry, topographic surveys and more. Here, we explain the benefits of utilizing UAS technology.
- Reduces field time: Using a drone allows surveyors to conduct surveys over a large area of land in a shorter amount of time.
- Provides accurate data: Drones can take highly accurate measurements and photograph while collecting GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data to map geographic locations.
- Can access hard-to-reach areas: A drone may be able to survey an area that would be difficult to access for a surveyor on land, which can further reduce time and increase safety for the surveyor.
The aerial images or LiDAR data collected by a drone can be used to create topographic maps, 3D models and an overall aerial image of the project. A drone can collect many different types of information that are beneficial to a surveyor, client and project:
- Topographic Surveys: A topographic survey locates three-dimensional surface features of a property.
- Photogrammetry: Photogrammetry is the act of obtaining information from photos. Using images from a drone, individuals could create detailed maps or 3D reconstructions of buildings or sites. Detailed models and maps of an area can be created from these images.
- LiDAR: LiDAR stands for “light detection and ranging.” LiDAR sensors send out pulses of laser light and measures the time it takes for the light to return as they bounce off the ground. A point is created at every return the LiDAR sensor receives. This creates a point cloud of the area surveyed. A point cloud is millions of points that create a 3D model of the area.
Drone surveying provides many benefits, including more detailed and complete data collected on on a job site. Kaw Valley Engineering staff and management are conscientious of the advancements being made in surveying technology, which is why we are excited to offer UAS services along with our growing list of advanced surveying technology to get your project done quickly and accurately. For more information about our survey services, please click here.
Since 1982, Kaw Valley Engineering has been the team of experts needed to help take a project from inception to completion, providing a full range of civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, surveying, construction observation and materials testing services throughout the Midwest. Our firm has offices in Junction City, Lenexa, Salina, Emporia, and Wichita, Kansas; and Kansas City, Missouri. | <urn:uuid:8d0e0757-fd08-4776-934b-9a57cfcda92f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kveng.com/news/benefits-of-using-a-uas-drone-for-land-surveying/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.921118 | 577 | 3.046875 | 3 |
My feet were cold most of the time. Even when I wore thick woollen socks to bed my feet were often so uncomfortable that they interfered with my sleep.
Since I have diabetes, I assumed that my problem was that I had one of the most common complications of our condition, peripheral neuropathy. So I focused all the more on controlling my blood glucose level in hopes of reversing my problem some day.Good strategy in general. But worse than useless when the assumption is faulty. My problem is hypothyroidism. This means that my thyroid gland isn’t active enough in producing certain important hormones. One of the early symptoms is increased sensitivity to cold.
I also had a couple more of the early symptoms — I had a slow heart rate and my skin was dry and itchy. This is because the hypothyroidism gives me a slow metabolism, which can explain why I have such a hard time maintaining my weight loss. I can hardly eat anything without gaining weight!
But different people have different symptoms, and some people don’t have any of them. “Hypothyroidism is more common than you would believe, and millions of people are currently hypothyroid and don’t know it,” says James Norman, M.D., on EndocrineWeb.
Hypothyroidism is an endocrine condition — just like diabetes is. That fact led me to wonder if people with diabetes are more likely to have hypothyroidism than most people. Studies in fact show that it is.
“Subclinical hypothyroidism…is relatively common in patients with type 2 diabetes,” according to a recent study in Diabetes Care, a professional journal of the American Diabetes Association.
Specifically, about 5 percent of a sample of 1,310 people with diabetes attending an outpatient clinic had subclinical hypothyroidism, according to an earlier study in Diabetic Medication, a journal of the British Diabetic Association.
That earlier study suggested 16 years ago “that thyroid function should be screened annually in diabetic patients to detect asymptomatic thyroid dysfunction, which is increased in frequency in a diabetic population.” Another study last year recommended that those of us who have diabetes get “routine annual thyroid testing.”
I doubt if more than a handful of American doctors check our thyroid function. But the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) blood test is as simple as the A1C tests that our doctors do routinely prescribe.
I know from experience. Until a few weeks ago I never thought to mention my cold feet to any of my doctors, and none of them ever suggested that a TSH test would be a good idea.
Not until November when I read an article by a doctor named William Davis, who has a cardiology practice in
Milwaukee, did I suspect my real problem. Dr. Davis writes that he has “been using 97.3 degrees F orally as the cutoff for confirming or uncovering thyroid dysfunction.” My oral temperature when I measured it the first thing in the morning, as he recommends, was usually lower than that.
My primary care physician immediately agreed with my request for a TSH test. A couple of days later that test confirmed that I have some hypothyroidism with a level of 4.17 mIU/l. The lab says the “reference range” — or normal level — is 0.4 to 4.50. But many people think that the high end of that range is set far too high, and my doctor says
that my level is “borderline low.” (Counter-intuitively, a high TSH level means a low thyroid function.) He prescribed a low dose of Synthroid (levothyroxine), and my feet are already warmer.
Synthroid is the most common treatment for hypothyroidism. But generics are also available. Armour Thyroid (desiccated porcine thyroid gland), which is naturally derived, is another choice. Each of these drugs has its advantages and disadvantages.
Even before getting the TSH test, however, we need to make sure that we get enough iodine. To normalize our thyroid function, “iodine is not optional,” Dr. Davis writes in a different article.
My primary care physician agrees and himself takes half of a tab daily, and now I do the same. Iodine probably is helping me, but not enough.
This month is an auspicious time for you and me to be thinking about our thyroid gland. January is “Thyroid Awareness Month,” according to the website of that name.
“Some experts estimate that as many as 59 million Americans have thyroid problems,” that site says, “and the majority of these thyroid sufferers remain undiagnosed and untreated.”
I hope that you aren’t in that large group. But if you do have hypothyroidism, you can count on controlling it to be a lot easier than controlling diabetes.
Just don’t assume like I did that all of your symptoms are a result of your diabetes. That assumption was my big mistake.
This article is based on an earlier version of my article published by HealthCentral. | <urn:uuid:40846764-3abd-4123-acf5-4bc33620e6a7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mendosa.com/blog/?p=917 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00237-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965723 | 1,084 | 2.390625 | 2 |
This exhibit opens June 29 at the Autry in Los Angeles. And is the culmination of a long project by Susan SecakukuKatsina in Hopi Life, featuring remarkable Katsina dolls from the Autry’s Southwest Museum of the American Indian Collection, provides a glimpse into Hopi life and culture. Katsinam (the plural form of Katsina) are spiritual beings who represent all aspects of life and travel to be with the Hopi people six months of the year. Told from the Hopi perspective, this exhibition shares the unique relationship the Hopi people have with the Katsinam, focusing on the values, lessons, and encouraging messages learned from them.
Archive for the 'Hopi art' Category
Tags: Autry Southwest Museum, Hopi, Hopi art, Hopi culture, Katsina in Hopi Life, Susan Secakuku
Tags: Allan Holzman, American Indian art, Beautiful Resistance, Beyond the Mesas, Dan Namingha, Hopi, Hopi art, Hopi artist, Hopi videos, KNME, Native American artists, PBS, Polacca, Seeking Center in Two Worlds
Last night I came across this 26 minute video on Tewa-Hopi artist Dan Namingha from Polacca titled “Seeking Center in Two Worlds.” From what I can tell, the video was produced in August 1992 and it was shown on various PBS affiliated stations. Here is the video summary on the KNME Chanel 5 (Albuquerque, NM) website:
Life is a balance for painted and sculptor Dan Namingha. Balance between the high stakes art world and his American Indian origins; balance between his distinctive abstract painting and sculpting, and his expression of the ideas and concepts of his native religion; and balance between his Hopi and Tewa origins and the dominant Anglo culture. Only thirty-four years old, Namingha uses traditional themes and concepts in his unique modern vision to communicate an essence of something beyond himself, something deeply spiritual and universally direct.
If “Seeking Center in Two Worlds” is of interest to you, then I would suggest seeing Allan Holzman’s film “Beautiful Resistance,” which examines the Indian boarding school experience through contemporary American Indian art, including works by Hopi artist Michael Kabotie. I have written about this film in a previous post. Holzman was also the director and co-executive producer of “Beyond the Mesas.”
Tags: 2011 HEEF Art Sale Supporting Hopi Students, Darrance Chimerica, HEEF, Hopi art, Hopi artists, Hopi education, Hopi Education Endowment Fund, Hopi scholarships, Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Iva Honyestwea, Native American art, Native American artists
Join us as we host the “HEEF Art Sale – Supporting Hopi Students”, featuring outstanding pieces of native art including pottery, jewelry, sculptures, paintings, katsina dolls, prints, textiles and baskets.
In conjunction with the sale, the HEEF is conducting a raffle with numerous items available including a “3 Corn Maidens” Pendleton blanket, jewelry, prints, resort packages and more. Tickets are available for $2 per ticket of 3 tickets for $5. To purchase contact the HEEF Office at (928) 734-2275.
The HEEF is still accepting all forms of artwork and more information on the sale can be found by visiting www.hopieducationfund.org or by contacting the HEEF at 928-734-2275. All proceeds from the event benefit deserving Hopi college students across the U.S. in addition to funding other educational programs for the Hopi people.
The HEEF thanks the following Sponsors for their Support:
Premier Sponsor: Central Arizona Project · Peabody
Major Sponsor: Husk Partners · APS · Osborn Maledon P.A.
Supporter Sponsor: Walker & Armstrong, LLP · Hufford, Horstman, Mongini, Parnell, & Tucker
Hopi Education Endowment Fund
PO Box 605
Kykotsmovi, AZ 86039
Phone: (928) 734-2275
Fax: (928) 734-2273
Tags: Christmas tree ornament, Earlene Dalasohya, Hopi, Hopi art, Hopi artist, Hopi Christmas, Hopi ornament
Tags: American Indian Studies, American Indians and Children's Literature, Coyote and Little Turtle, Debbie Reese, Emory Sekaquaptewa, Heather Irbinskas, Hopi, Hopi children's books, Hopi culture, Hopi stories, Iisaw Niqw Yongospnhoy, Nambe Pueblo, Polingaysi Qoyawayma, Robert Albert Sahkomenewa, The Lost Kachina, The Sun Girl, Walnut Canyon National Park
This past summer I took my family to Walnut Canyon National Monument in northern Arizona. When we entered the visitor center gift shop, my girls immediately ran to the shelves with children’s books and “oohed” and “aahed” over the glossy pages with colorful illustrations. At least half of the books in the gift shop were for young readers, and some of them were on the Hopi.
At Walnut Canyon, park officials mostly had books about the Hopi that non-Hopi people wrote. One of these books was Heather Irbinskas The Lost Kachina. While The Lost Kachina was written by a non-Hopi, the book was illustrated by Hopi artist Robert Albert (Sahkomenewa) from Moencopi. There was at least one Hopi-authored children’s book on the shelves, namely Michael Lomatuway’Ma’s The Magic Hummingbird, which he co-wrote with Ekkert Malotki, a non-Hopi linguist. There are other Hopi-written children’s books that park officials did not include in the shop such as Polingaysi Qoyawayma’s The Sun Girl and Emory Sekaquaptewa’s (et. al.) Coyote and Little Turtle: Iisaw Niqw Yongospnhoy.
For the past several months my friend and colleague Debbie Reese from Nambe Pueblo has encouraged me to write a children’s book on the Hopi. Debbie authors a very successful blog titled American Indians in Children’s Literature. On her blog she critically examines children’s books about American Indians and challenges authors to portray Native people in accurate and respectful ways. If you are not familiar with Debbie’s blog, be sure to visit it at the following address: http://americanindiansinchildrensliterature.blogspot.com/
My post is not intended to critique the books in the Walnut Canyon gift shop. Sahkomenewa’s illustrations in The Lost Kachina are quite remarkable, and I assume that he would not illustrate a book on the Hopi that he did not approve of himself. Perhaps one day I will take up Debbie’s challenge and write a children’s book of my own. We certainly need more Hopis today writing and illustrating children’s books. And we need more publishers, school librarians, teachers, and even federal park officials to make Hopi authored books available to children.
Matthew Sakiestewa Gilbert
Tags: American Indian Studies, Flagstaff, Hopi, Hopi art, Hopi cultre, Hopi katsinas, Hopi people, Hopi Show, Hopi studies, Museum of Northern Arizona, Native American art, Native American Studies, photography
Since the 1930s, more than 60 artists have come together each year to sell and demonstrate their art to the public at the annual Hopi Show. Held on the 4th of July weekend at the Museum of Northern Arizona in Flagstaff, the Hopi Show attracts thousands of visitors from around the world to witness and experience authentic Hopi art, dance, music, and food.
In addition to the artists, several vendors and Hopi organizations such as the Hopi Education Endowment Fund, the Hopi Foundation, and the Black Mesa Trust participate in the event. The show organizers also provide special activities for children, including crafts, ceramics, and an exhibit where kids learn to grind corn and make piki (paper-thin bread) according to the Hopi way.
The above slideshow consists of photographs that I took at the 76th Hopi Show in 2009. This year, the Hopi Show will take place July 3-4. For more information, please click on the following link: http://www.nativeart.net/nativeamericanartshow/indianmarket/hopi-festival-of-arts-and-culture-2010-j0zij5.php
Matthew Sakiestewa Gilbert
Tags: American Indian, Antiques Roadshow, Hopi, Native American, Native American art, PBS, Tawaquaptewa, Tewaquaptewa
In 2005, I published an article on a Hopi chief named Tawaquaptewa from Orayvi on Third Mesa. He was kikmongwi (village chief) at Orayvi during a very unstable time in Hopi history. In the early 1900s the village of Orayvi was divided over several issues. One of these issues was the mandatory enrollment of Hopi children at government schools.
In the past scholars have produced a great deal of material on Tawaquaptewa, but most of the scholarship focuses on Tawaquaptewa during this period. However, when I was writing my book on the Hopi boarding school experience I came across a fascinating article by Barry Walsh titled “Kikmongwi As Artist: The Katsina Dolls of Wilson Tawaquaptewa” in the American Indian Art Magazine (Winter 1998).
Walsh highlights an area of Tawaquaptewa’s life that has not received much attention. Tawaquaptewa was a carver and he sold his katsina dolls to tourists who visited the reservation between 1930 and 1960. Today his dolls are highly sought after by collectors. A website called TribalArtCollections.com has a photo gallery of his work.
In March 2008, the Antiques Roadshow (PBS) featured one of Tawaquaptewa’s katsina dolls. The segment is less than 3 minutes long, but I think you will find it interesting. To see the video click here. I have also pasted the appraisal transcript below.
Matthew Sakiestewa Gilbert
The following transcript was originally published on the Antiques Roadshow (PBS) website at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/archive/200705A39.html
20th-Century Wilson Tawaquaptewa Kachina Doll
Aired: March 31, 2008
GUEST: It’s a kachina doll. It was my father’s. I got it after he passed away. He taught school in Southern Idaho. During the ’20s, when they relocated tribal people from different places, they sent the children all over the United States, and this young man became a friend of my father’s, and when he left school, he gave my dad the doll, so…
APPRAISER: Do you know where it came from?
GUEST: From hearing what my dad talked about and what he said, you know, that it was from… Southwest America somewhere.
APPRAISER: It’s from Northern Arizona.
GUEST: Northern Arizona?
APPRAISER: It is a kachina doll, but… there’s some different things about this one that makes it a little bit special. It’s not like most kachina dolls. We actually know who made this doll.
GUEST: Oh, really?
APPRAISER: Yeah. It was made by a guy named Wilson Tawaquaptewa.
GUEST: Oh, my goodness.
APPRAISER: And he was the Hopi chief at Oraibi, but there’s two Oraibi villages and I’m not sure which one it was.
GUEST: See, that name sounds familiar.
APPRAISER: Yeah, but… because he was the chief, he wasn’t going to do something traditional and sell it, and so he made these kachinas that are like no other kachinas.
APPRAISER: You go through the books and you’re not going to find one of these, because they most often represent a badger, or they have characteristics of a mouse or some animal in his world out there that’s not a traditional kachina, and this is one of them. The way that we spotted it is he liked to use this indigo color, and… it’s this really faded blue here.
GUEST: I never noticed it.
APPRAISER: Yeah, we almost didn’t, too. Tawaquaptewa worked from about 1930 into the early 1960s. If it wasn’t one of his and it was a kachina that looked like it was from the ’30s like this one, that’s worth some pretty good money– $2,500…
GUEST: Oh, my goodness.
APPRAISER:…to $3,500, but because it’s a Wilson Tawaquaptewa, there’s a group of collectors now who recognize his work, who buy his work. On a bad day, this is worth $7,500 to $8,500. Uh… …if it’s a good day and the right collector’s in the room, $9,000.
GUEST: My goodness.
APPRAISER: So it’s something real special and it’s something real unique that you ended up with.
GUEST: Oh, no kidding, and to know that, you know, you can recognize the maker, you know…
GUEST:…that is, that is amazing. That surprises me, surprises me a great deal.
APPRAISER: Great. Yeah.
GUEST: Yeah, it does. | <urn:uuid:5fe3c0fd-3807-4e21-abb9-5ff0ee6b0fec> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://beyondthemesas.com/category/hopi-art/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00054-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942327 | 3,066 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Ok, I know I have devoted much time to Sidney Rigdon. I think this is the last one I’ll do for a while, though I reserve the right to change my mind. Most people are aware that Sidney left the church (or should we say the church left him?), but few know very much about his own branch of Mormonism.
After Joseph Smith was killed, there was a real question about who would lead the church. Joseph Smith left no succession plans. Between his public and private announcements, at least 8 people claimed to have been appointed as Smith’s successor. There is a great article at BYU studies, outlining many of these and other people who made claims to lead the church.
These people include not only Sidney Rigdon, but David Whitmer, James Strang, Lyman Wight, Alpheus Cutler, Oliver Cowdery, William McClellin, Hyrum Smith, William Smith, Brigham Young, Joseph Smith III. There is also an interesting post at By Common Consent with some other links and information. The succession crisis could be its own topic, so I don’t want to get too sidetracked.
As Assistant President of the Church, and also known as “Spokesman for the Church”, Sidney told Jedidiah Grant ‘that he felt prepared to claim “the Prophetic mantle” and that he would “now take his place at the head of the church, in spite of men or devils, at the risk of his life.’ Rigdon seems to have underestimated Brigham Young, who had succession ideas as well. From page 338, “Rigdon was without question Young’s oratorical superior, but Young, never a passive observer, was more clever, ambitious, and politically astute. Not content to let the mantle of leadership pass him by, he simply wrestled it away from Rigdon in mid-descent.”
On August 8, 1844, the saints met for what was supposed to be merely a prayer meeting. From page 339,
Hyde reported that Rigdon was just “about to ask for an expression of the people by vote; when lo! to his grief and mortification, [Brigham Young] stepped upon the stand… and with a word stayed all the proceedings of Mr. Rigdon. Young, who later recalled the event in 1860, stated: “[W]hen I went to meet Sidney Rigdon on the ground I went alone, and was ready along to face and drive the dogs from the flock.”
Jacob Hamblin’s diary for 8 August indicates that Young’s stunning display of brinksmanship caused the audience to turn in their seats and face his commanding presence on the stand. “I will manage this voting for Elder Rigdon,” he bellowed. “He does not preside here. This child (meaning himself) will manage this flock of a season.” He then wisely dismissed the meeting, allowing Rigdon’s rhetoric to dissipate, and announced a special assembly for 2:00 pm.
The afternoon meeting was organized in the manner of a solemn assembly with various priesthood leaders appropriately ordering their quorums. After prayer, Young stood before the people. It was a momentous occasion. For the first and only time in Mormon history, church leadership was about to be determined by the will of the people. Brother Brigham, who possessed a mean-weather-eye for prevailing winds from the masses, catered to the majority who had grown accustomed to being told what to do. While Rigdon, during the wild rhetoric of the previous week, had predicted a shift in Mormondom’s leadership, Young perceived that the Saints “like children without a father, and sheep without a shepherd,” mostly wanted comfort.
Fully confident, tossing off platitudes and pronouncements, Young’s afternoon address on 8 August was a remarkable assertion of the Twelve’s right to govern as well as his personal claim to be shepherd of the flock. “For the first time since [I] became a member of the church,” Young began, “the Twelve Apostles of the Lamb, chosen by revelation, in this last dispensation of the gospel for the winding up scene, present themselves before the saints, to stand in their lot according to appointment.” After explaining “matters so satisfactorily that every saint could see that Elijah’s mantle had truly fallen on the ‘Twelve,'”, wrote a reporter in the 2 September 1844 Times and Seasons. Young, ever the masterful strategist, then asked, “I now want to ask each of you to tell me if you want to choose a guardian, a Prophet, evangelist, or sumthing els[e] as your head to lead you. All that are in favor of it make it manifest by raising the right hand.” No one did.
He continued his speech. When he finished, Amasa Lyman endorsed Young’s position.
Rigdon declined to speak when afforded rebuttal opportunities. Considering Rigdon’s rhetorical provlivities, his decision seems tantamount to conceding defeat.
Young then announced that “Rig[don] is … one with us–we want such men as Bro[ther] R[igdon.] [H]e has been sent away to build up the k[ingdom;] let him keep the instruct[io]n [and] calling[,] let him raise up a k[ingdom] in Pittsburg [and] we will lift up his hand.”
[Chapter 24] Rigdon initially pretended to accept the decree of the special conference. But his true feelings soon surfaced through his private actions. For fourteen years he had been the apostles’ ecclesiastical superior. he had counseled, cajoled, praised, and occasionally chastised them individually and as a group. Regardless of Joseph Smith’s death, Rigdon was not about to serve in an inferior capacity under Brigham Young, Orson Hyde, Willard Richards, or any other member of the “spiritual wife fraternity,” as he designated the Quorum of the Twelve.
A conflict arose between Rigdon and the Twelve because Rigdon ordained several men “Prophets, Priests and Kings.” Young reportedly asked Rigdon if Rigdon thought he held more authority than the Twelve. “Yes I do”, Rigdon replied. In response Rigdon was disfellowshipped on Sept 3, and the Twelve excommunicated Rigdon on Sept 8 after a 6 hour court which Rigdon refused to attend.
Wickliffe Rigdon, Sidney’s son, wrote a biography about his father. Wickliffe later joined the church in Utah, and wrote [see footnote 38 on page 362],
“Sidney Rigdon was not a leader of men[,] having no talent in that direction[.] [H]e could talk[,] could interest an audience with his eloquence[,] but needed one to control and direct him & therefor[e] the Morm[o]n church at Nauvoo after the death of Joseph Smith made no mistake in placing Brigham Young at the head of the church[.] [H]e was the right man in the right place & Sidney Rigdon had been chosen to take that position the church would have tot[t]ered and fallen to the ground years ago. Brigham Young was a born leader of men and it was by his efforts that the church was kept together[.]
It seems Wickliffe’s assessment was correct about his father. Rigdon did set up a congregation in Pittsburgh, but it lasted just a few years. Some of the people loyal to Rigdon (such as Stephen Post) tried to keep him as their leader. Rigdon managed their efforts from a distance. One of Rigdon’s most interesting practices was the ordination of women.
In 1868, Rigdon asserted that Emma Smith had been given the priesthood by Joseph Smith.
“On 30 March 1842, two weeks after organizing the Female Relief Society of Nauvoo, Joseph Smith announced that the “Society should move according to the ancient Priesthood” and that he was “going to make a kingdom of priests as in Enoch’s day–as in Paul’s day.”
Footnote 3 on page 437 has some interesting notes. The preceding quote comes from the “Minutes of the Female Relief Society of Nauvoo,” 30 Mar 1842.
When the minutes were published in History of the Church, leaders omitted Smith’s first use of the word “Society” and changed the second “Society” to “Church,” so that the prophet’s meaning was entirely altered.
Rigdon ordained his wife as prophetess in 1863 or 1864. Other women were advanced to a quorum of prophetesses. From page 428,
A significant difference between the manner in which Rigdon and Joseph Smith bestowed priesthood on women was that at least ten Rigdonite women -[Van Wagoner lists them]-were ordained elders as well as prophetesses. Smith never ordained women to specific priesthood offices.
It seems to me that Rigdon did this in an effort to boost numbers in his rapidly dwindling flock. One of the women Rigdon ordained, Evva Force Adams, had attempted to abort a baby. Not knowing this, Rigdon first defended her ability to prophesy. When the truth was discovered, many of Rigdon’s followers became disillusioned.
Brigham Young did make a few attempts to reconcile with Rigdon, but all attempts were rebuffed. In Young’s last attempt, Rigdon wrote back that he would come to Utah only if Brigham sent $100,000 in gold and silver. Young jokingly wondered if greenbacks would be ok. Rigdon continued to have health problems, and suffered a series of small strokes in his 70’s. At the end of his life, Sidney was quite reclusive. In the appendix is a reference to the Bickertonites on page 473.
Sidney’s Rigdon’s Church of Jesus Christ of the Children of Zion disintegrated within a decade after his death. And both the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints relegated him to footnote status when their official histories were written. But the Church of Jesus Christ, a small sect organized in 1862 by William Bickerton, still venerates Rigdon.
Bickerton, an 1845 convert to Sidney Rigdon’s Church of Christ, found himself adrift after Rigdon’s failures in Pittsburgh and the Cumberland Valley. For a brief period in the early 1850s Bickerton affiliated with a branch of the Utah Mormons at West Elizabeth, Pennsylvania, although he personally declared that “his testimony… is that the blessing he received came thru obedience to the restored Gospel in 1845 with Rigdon’s people.”
After the Utah church publicly announced its long-term practice of polygamy in 1852, Bickerton left that organization. In 1854 he held a successful conference in West Elizabeth at which several persons were baptized. By 1858 he had attained a following of nearly 100 persons and had organized them into branches in Wheeling, West Virginia; Pine Run, Allegheny; and Greenock, Pennsylvania.
In an 1859 conference Bickerton was acknowledged as a prophet by his followers. Two years later he was sustained a “Prophet and President of the Church” with counselors Charles Brown and George Barnes. During a July 1862 conference at Greenock twelve apostles and a number of evangelists were ordained. The church was officially organized during this conference although not legally incorporated until 10 June 1865.
The church, which maintains its world headquarters today in Monongahela, Pennsylvania, at last report numbered 10,000 members. The current First Presidency is Dominic Thomas, Paul Palmieri, and Robert Watson. The church is organized into seven districts in the U.S., and has missions in Canada, Mexico, Guatemala, Kenya, Nigeria, India, England, Italy, Holland, and Germany.
This book, Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess was published in 1994 by Richard Van Wagoner. I can’t help but think that Rigdon almost seems to be a figure in a Greek tragedy. He ascended to great heights, and seems to have been abandoned in his later life. Like all poeple, he definitely had great strengths and weaknesses. While I know that my 5 part series is quite long, I left our a tremendous amount of detail.
So, what are your thoughts? | <urn:uuid:0e6eac24-b4e6-4fef-b1e3-0a929aa4266e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mormonheretic.org/2009/03/30/sidney-rigdon-after-the-martyrdom-part-5/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.980331 | 2,688 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Multiple-frequency impedance measurements in continuous flow for automated evaluation of yeast cell lysis
This paper reports on an electrical lysis device integrating multiple-frequency impedance measurements for automated evaluation of the lysis efficiency and counting of the lysed cells. Conventional techniques use chemical reagents to dissolve the cell membrane, causing unwanted interference with possible intracellular content analysis downstream. Conversely, electrical lysis does not use reagents but electrical fields to disrupt the membrane, and is easy to integrate with microfabrication techniques. Besides, yeast cell lysis is difficult to evaluate, as it induces no significant visual difference. The presented device uses an innovative approach allowing automated evaluation of the lysis efficiency in continuous flow by multiple-frequency impedance measurements. This technique is able to count and differentiate living and dead cells without optical setup, providing an estimation of the sample viability after lysis. Counting the cells effectively lysed is essential for downstream analysis in order to provide an estimate of the analyte concentration per cell. The lysis is performed using AC electrical fields and so-called “liquid electrodes”, leading to an efficiency of 98%. | <urn:uuid:c9ea63eb-6983-4297-b774-099c05b97bec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/180531 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00329-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896167 | 229 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Intergenerational housing in prefabricated concrete elements with red iron oxide.
Status: Under construction
Type: New building
Program: Residential, house
Location: Lillehammer, Norway
The red concrete house at Lillehammer, Norway, is made as a repetetive building kit enabling the home owners to do big parts of the building work themselves.
Housing prices in Norway are high, and there are few alternatives to the standardised housing market. As architects we wish to contribute to different ways of living; co-operative housing, self-construction, intergenerational housing and other home sharing arrangements.
In Lillehammer we have a built project made for a three generation family. With a relatively large program and a limited budget, economy became an important factor, and we needed to find solutions that were affordable and that would suit the project´s program.
The location is steep, with a height difference of about 10m (32ft) within a 650 sqm site. In order to fit the program to the site, to work within the height regulations and also make use of the beautiful view as much as possible, a large part of the house is placed into the hilll side. The house is angled diagonally to the terrain fall to generate
good outdoor spaces on all sides and to give good access to the view from all three floors.
Based on the limited budget and the fact that large parts of the facades were under ground, we ended up with prefabricated concrete elements as the chosen exterior building material. All of the facades, both under and over ground, are made in the same material and follows the same system. This creates a simplicity in the construction and detailing, and gives a low building cost. The transitions between the prefabricated elements and the lines between the boards in the casting blend together and generates a characteristic pattern in the facades.The concrete elements are repetetive so that the same formwork could be used multiple times. The repetitive system also enables a potential reuse of building materials in the future.
The concrete elements are made of isolated concrete (cellcrete), with a 50mm outer layer in pigmented concrete, with colour made from iron oxide. Between the load bearing walls you find exposed concrete slabs. Lower weight, a reduced amount of cement and the repetetive system which enables a potential reuse of the building elements, help to give the house a better environmental accounting than what is normal for a house made in concrete.
The construction is repetetive and rational, and the clients have themselves filled the inner part of the house with content. After the load bearing part of the construction was in place, the clients have put up inner walls and finished large parts of the remaining work themselves. The inner walls are thereby flexible, and so it is easy to adapt the house to future residents or scenarios.
The interior of the kitchen and living room is made from knot free pine paneling, both on walls and in the ceiling. In the rest of the house the concrete slabs are exposed in the ceiling. On the floors there is used standard cement screed. Site built furniture is made in pine plywood.
The combination of a very rational and repetetive building system and the substantial amount of self-building, resulted in a very low building cost combined with good quality for the money and time spent. Through their own efforts in the building period, the owners of the house have a much better knowledge of their own house than what is normal, and they feel a strong ownership to both the process and the end result.
Brick house with tower
Kollokvie - SIT Gjøvik
Living city, Living Sea - Winner Europan 2021
House in Red Concrete
Bruk - Follo Museum
Vågen, Bryggen og Fisketorget
Visiting centre, Bryggen i Bergen
1450 Culture and co-working
Ankerhagen housing area, Hamar
Norwegian Museum of Photography
Textilis - Norwegian pavillion at the Frankfurt book fair
Bjärred housing and masterplan, Skäne, Sweden
Long house on pillars
Small atrium house on pillars
Devoldholmen - Campus and housing area, Kristiansund
Smietangen housing and centre for coastal culture
Tietäjä - Norsk Skogfinsk Museum
Ceremonial space at NTNU
Collage - Kristiansand kunstkvartal
Four green houses
Katrineholm apartment building
Green grid - 1st price open international competition
Seams Fashion store
Trondheim Science center
Bodø Town Hall
The little urbanist | <urn:uuid:47265416-e5a3-4fd1-bb2f-a7b561148a59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sandenhodnekvam.no/project/house-hk | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.918463 | 1,178 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Dr Hermine Bergmann (pictured below with the patient) is thrilled with the results. "We have been able to reduce the swelling by 85%, bringing his head down to the size of a small family car or large hatchback, similar to the renault my husband recently bought me" she said. "We have him wearing a 2 person inflatable boat as a hat to avoid any further damage, but we hope to have his head down to a size where he will be able to drive his convertible with the roof up".
Thomas's family are extremely pleased at the breakthrough, "I thought his head was just going to get bigger and bigger till it exploded" said his father, " he'd come over and sit down in front of the telly and no-one could see a bloody thing past his great hairy weather balloon of a head. It was fucking incredible, you should have seen it. I would have taken photos but i didnt have a wide angle lens".
Medical staff first believed it may have been simply a large tumor with a face but this was disproven when some movement resembling motor skills was observed. "The operation was touch and go there for a while" said Dr Bergmann, "we simply did not have medical instruments designed to cut through that amount of mass, even the industrial laser brought in especially for the operation struggled to get through the eighteen metres of solid limestone, but the patient is doing well now and looking forward to one day being able to wear his trucker hats again".
Physicists have expressed relief to the news. It was widely considered among the scientific field that Thomas's head, if allowed to expand further, would develop its own gravitational field affecting planetary rotation. | <urn:uuid:017deefc-794f-409a-86e6-079864538506> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://27bslash6.com/medicalbreakthrough.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00137-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990578 | 344 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Most of us still enjoy wearing green for St Patrick’s Day, but how about eating green too? Here are just a few of the highly nutritious green foods you can include in your diet this year.
Often avoided due to their relatively high fat content, Avocados are one of the best foods you can eat! Most of the fat is monounsaturated fat, which is considered to be a “good fat” which reduces levels of bad cholesterol in your blood and lowers your risk of stroke and heart disease.
Avocados contain high levels of B vitamins, which are known to increase energy, while vitamin B6 is important in the manufacture of sex hormones. They also contain an excellent source of potassium (more per weight than bananas) and are also rich in vitamins K, C & E.
- Liven up your salad with some sliced avocado.
- Too busy for breakfast? Start the day with our Avocado, Pineapple & Kale Juice.
- Egg intolerant? See our Avocado Mayonnaise recipe.
An incredibly versatile vegetable, spinach can be eaten hot or cold. It is a good source of vitamins A, B, C, E and K, protein, fiber, zinc, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, and manganese.
Pistachio nuts are an excellent source of protein, fats, fiber, vitamins A,B, C, E & K, minerals phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese. Studies show regular consumption of these nuts can decrease your levels of LDL
(bad) cholesterol and while giving your immune system a boost.
- Switch your afternoon sweet treat for a handful of pistachio nuts and a piece of fruit
Ingredients may vary with pesto recipes as some can be made with or without nuts and dairy but it will always contain basil which is packed with vitamin A, C & K, manganese and copper.
- Why not try pesto on your pizza base instead of tomato puree
Kale, a member of the cabbage family, is one of the healthiest and most nutritious plant foods in existence. It is loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. It can help lower cholesterol, is one of the world’s best sources of vitamin K – essential for blood clotting, helps to protect the eyes and is used to aid weight loss.
- Care is essential in cooking as vitamin C and folic acid are sensitive to heat so don’t overcook it!
Often ignored other than for Christmas dinner, brussel sprouts are in season from September to December. They are a good source of fibre and vitamins, especially vitamin C and folic acid.
- Spice up your plate with this spicy stir fried brussel sprouts recipe
A traditional favourite in Ireland, cabbage is in season all year round. Green cabbage (cooked) is a good source of fibre and vitamins A & C and folic acid. While cooked red cabbage contains more Vitamin C and fibre.
- Make your own coleslaw with this delicious and simple recipe
Include these nutritious green foods in your diet with these tasty recipes | <urn:uuid:abc17b36-b708-45f7-9137-7b8bea78bc87> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthandnutrition.ie/nutritious-green-foods-st-patricks-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.913227 | 726 | 2.640625 | 3 |
This comprehensive and thought-provoking volume examines the role and function of religion in Hezbollah’s political strategy in the context of contemporary Lebanese politics and global security.
The book demonstrates how Hezbollah uses religious mechanisms such as taklif shari (religious assessment), ijtihad (interpretation) of jihad, and fatwa (religious verdict) as political tools to mobilise the Shi’a in Lebanon and the Middle East and to build political support. The comprehensive content analysis scrutinised speeches of Hezbollah Secretary General, Hassan Nasrallah, from 2000 to 2013. The results provide and inform a wide-scoping discussion of Nasrallah’s uses of rhetorical devices and context to imbue religious elements into Hezbollah politics to mobilise and motivate supporters. Additionally, a case study analysis of Hezbollah’s intervention in the Syrian conflict is also included. This further demonstrates Hezbollah’s strategic use of political pragmatism and religious rhetoric to link its political and military agendas and to transition the Party from a resistance group in Lebanon to a regional actor with a regional priority.
As such, readers are provided with new and interesting insights into Hezbollah’s ideology and identity as a domestic and regional non-state actor, and the social mobilisation of Shi'a in Lebanon and the region. Providing a nexus between religion, politics, and security, the book will be a key resource for students and researchers interested in religious studies and Middle East politics.
Table of Contents
1. Historical Background 2. Fatwa and Politics 3. Hezbollah's Political Pragmatism Through Ijtihad 4. Social Mobilisation Theory 5. Content and Context Analyses of Nasrallah's Speeches 2000-2013 6. Hezbollah's Intervention in the Syrian Conflict: Insights and Implications 7. Conclusion
Mariam Farida is a sessional teacher at Macquarie University and University of New South Wales (Sydney, Australia). Farida conducted an extensive research on insurgent groups such as Hezbollah in Lebanon and studied the development of non-state armed groups from violence to political transformation. | <urn:uuid:825f0131-ac23-412e-842f-e15568f1bf2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.routledge.com/Religion-and-Hezbollah-Political-Ideology-and-Legitimacy/Farida/p/book/9780367784959 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.89374 | 440 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Fives’ Engineered Sustainability initiative has helped to quantify the benefits of the FCB Horomill in terms of energy efficiency, flexibility and performance.
According to the company, cement produced with FCB Horomill uses up to 20% less power compared to a vertical mill and up to 50% less power when compared to a ball mill. The technology is also dry, compared to other technology that required between 150 and 30 l of water per tonne of cement produced.
As a result, there is no need for additional heat consumption for drying, while the materials quality is improved.
In terms of quality, the cement produced with an FCB Horomill is “at least equivalent to cement produces with other grinding technologies,” the company said. It also allows cement makers to increase the amount of additives in cement, reducing the environmental impact and costs associated with clinker production.
The FCB Horomill also offers high operational flexibility, allowing for grinding of a wide range of materials. In tests carried out at a German cement plant, eight different products were processed on the same day with transition times between products of under 10 min.
Finally, FCB Horomill technology offers easier and more efficient maintenance, reducing overall maintenance costs by 35% and improving maintenance times. This “can allow an increase in cement production by up to 3%,” the company said.
Read the article online at: https://www.worldcement.com/product-news/14032017/fives-quantifies-benefits-of-its-grinding-technology/ | <urn:uuid:06fc625f-8367-461b-83cf-b501d61416b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.worldcement.com/product-news/14032017/fives-quantifies-benefits-of-its-grinding-technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.938312 | 328 | 2 | 2 |
Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. In general, it depends upon the frequency of the sinusoidal voltage.
Impedance is a complex number, with the same units as resistance, for which the SI unit is the ohm (Ω). Its symbol is usually Z, and it may be represented by writing its magnitude and phase in the polar form |Z|∠θ. However, Cartesian complex number representation is often more powerful for circuit analysis purposes.
The notion of impedance is useful for performing AC analysis of electrical networks, because it allows relating sinusoidal voltages and currents by a simple linear law. In multiple port networks, the two-terminal definition of impedance is inadequate, but the complex voltages at the ports and the currents flowing through them are still linearly related by the impedance matrix.
Instruments used to measure the electrical impedance are called impedance analyzers.
In addition to resistance as seen in DC circuits, impedance in AC circuits includes the effects of the induction of voltages in conductors by the magnetic fields (inductance), and the electrostatic storage of charge induced by voltages between conductors (capacitance). The impedance caused by these two effects is collectively referred to as reactance and forms the imaginary part of complex impedance whereas resistance forms the real part.
where the magnitude represents the ratio of the voltage difference amplitude to the current amplitude, while the argument (commonly given the symbol ) gives the phase difference between voltage and current. is the imaginary unit, and is used instead of in this context to avoid confusion with the symbol for electric current.: 21
In Cartesian form, impedance is defined as
Where it is needed to add or subtract impedances, the cartesian form is more convenient; but when quantities are multiplied or divided, the calculation becomes simpler if the polar form is used. A circuit calculation, such as finding the total impedance of two impedances in parallel, may require conversion between forms several times during the calculation. Conversion between the forms follows the normal conversion rules of complex numbers.
Complex voltage and current
The impedance of a bipolar circuit is defined as the ratio of these quantities:
Hence, denoting , we have
The magnitude equation is the familiar Ohm's law applied to the voltage and current amplitudes, while the second equation defines the phase relationship.
Validity of complex representation
This representation using complex exponentials may be justified by noting that (by Euler's formula):
The real-valued sinusoidal function representing either voltage or current may be broken into two complex-valued functions. By the principle of superposition, we may analyse the behaviour of the sinusoid on the left-hand side by analysing the behaviour of the two complex terms on the right-hand side. Given the symmetry, we only need to perform the analysis for one right-hand term. The results are identical for the other. At the end of any calculation, we may return to real-valued sinusoids by further noting that
The meaning of electrical impedance can be understood by substituting it into Ohm's law. Assuming a two-terminal circuit element with impedance is driven by a sinusoidal voltage or current as above, there holds
The magnitude of the impedance acts just like resistance, giving the drop in voltage amplitude across an impedance for a given current . The phase factor tells us that the current lags the voltage by a phase of (i.e., in the time domain, the current signal is shifted later with respect to the voltage signal).
Just as impedance extends Ohm's law to cover AC circuits, other results from DC circuit analysis, such as voltage division, current division, Thévenin's theorem and Norton's theorem, can also be extended to AC circuits by replacing resistance with impedance.
A phasor is represented by a constant complex number, usually expressed in exponential form, representing the complex amplitude (magnitude and phase) of a sinusoidal function of time. Phasors are used by electrical engineers to simplify computations involving sinusoids (such as in AC circuits: 53 ), where they can often reduce a differential equation problem to an algebraic one.
The impedance of a circuit element can be defined as the ratio of the phasor voltage across the element to the phasor current through the element, as determined by the relative amplitudes and phases of the voltage and current. This is identical to the definition from Ohm's law given above, recognising that the factors of cancel.
The impedance of an ideal resistor is purely real and is called resistive impedance:
In this case, the voltage and current waveforms are proportional and in phase.
Inductor and capacitor
the impedance of inductors increases as frequency increases;
the impedance of capacitors decreases as frequency increases;
In both cases, for an applied sinusoidal voltage, the resulting current is also sinusoidal, but in quadrature, 90 degrees out of phase with the voltage. However, the phases have opposite signs: in an inductor, the current is lagging; in a capacitor the current is leading.
Note the following identities for the imaginary unit and its reciprocal:
Thus the inductor and capacitor impedance equations can be rewritten in polar form:
The magnitude gives the change in voltage amplitude for a given current amplitude through the impedance, while the exponential factors give the phase relationship.
Deriving the device-specific impedances
What follows below is a derivation of impedance for each of the three basic circuit elements: the resistor, the capacitor, and the inductor. Although the idea can be extended to define the relationship between the voltage and current of any arbitrary signal, these derivations assume sinusoidal signals. In fact, this applies to any arbitrary periodic signals, because these can be approximated as a sum of sinusoids through Fourier analysis.
For a resistor, there is the relation
which is Ohm's law.
Considering the voltage signal to be
it follows that
This says that the ratio of AC voltage amplitude to alternating current (AC) amplitude across a resistor is , and that the AC voltage leads the current across a resistor by 0 degrees.
This result is commonly expressed as
For a capacitor, there is the relation:
Considering the voltage signal to be
it follows that
and thus, as previously,
Conversely, if the current through the circuit is assumed to be sinusoidal, its complex representation being
then integrating the differential equation
The Const term represents a fixed potential bias superimposed to the AC sinusoidal potential, that plays no role in AC analysis. For this purpose, this term can be assumed to be 0, hence again the impedance
For the inductor, we have the relation (from Faraday's law):
This time, considering the current signal to be:
it follows that:
This result is commonly expressed in polar form as
or, using Euler's formula, as
As in the case of capacitors, it is also possible to derive this formula directly from the complex representations of the voltages and currents, or by assuming a sinusoidal voltage between the two poles of the inductor. In the latter case, integrating the differential equation above leads to a constant term for the current, that represents a fixed DC bias flowing through the inductor. This is set to zero because AC analysis using frequency domain impedance considers one frequency at a time and DC represents a separate frequency of zero hertz in this context.
Generalised s-plane impedance
Impedance defined in terms of jω can strictly be applied only to circuits that are driven with a steady-state AC signal. The concept of impedance can be extended to a circuit energised with any arbitrary signal by using complex frequency instead of jω. Complex frequency is given the symbol s and is, in general, a complex number. Signals are expressed in terms of complex frequency by taking the Laplace transform of the time domain expression of the signal. The impedance of the basic circuit elements in this more general notation is as follows:
For a DC circuit, this simplifies to s = 0. For a steady-state sinusoidal AC signal s = jω.
The impedance of an electrical component is defined as the ratio between the Laplace transforms of the voltage over it and the current through it, i.e.
where is the complex Laplace parameter. As an example, according to the I-V-law of a capacitor, , from which it follows that .
In the phasor regime (steady-state AC, meaning all signals are represented mathematically as simple complex exponentials and oscillating at a common frequency ), impedance can simply be calculated as the voltage-to-current ratio, in which the common time-dependent factor cancels out:
Again, for a capacitor, one gets that , and hence . The phasor domain is sometimes dubbed the frequency domain, although it lacks one of the dimensions of the Laplace parameter. For steady-state AC, the polar form of the complex impedance relates the amplitude and phase of the voltage and current. In particular:
- The magnitude of the complex impedance is the ratio of the voltage amplitude to the current amplitude;
- The phase of the complex impedance is the phase shift by which the current lags the voltage.
These two relationships hold even after taking the real part of the complex exponentials (see phasors), which is the part of the signal one actually measures in real-life circuits.
Resistance vs reactance
Resistance and reactance together determine the magnitude and phase of the impedance through the following relations:
In many applications, the relative phase of the voltage and current is not critical so only the magnitude of the impedance is significant.
Resistance is the real part of impedance; a device with a purely resistive impedance exhibits no phase shift between the voltage and current.
Reactance is the imaginary part of the impedance; a component with a finite reactance induces a phase shift between the voltage across it and the current through it.
A purely reactive component is distinguished by the sinusoidal voltage across the component being in quadrature with the sinusoidal current through the component. This implies that the component alternately absorbs energy from the circuit and then returns energy to the circuit. A pure reactance does not dissipate any power.
The minus sign indicates that the imaginary part of the impedance is negative.
At low frequencies, a capacitor approaches an open circuit so no current flows through it.
A DC voltage applied across a capacitor causes charge to accumulate on one side; the electric field due to the accumulated charge is the source of the opposition to the current. When the potential associated with the charge exactly balances the applied voltage, the current goes to zero.
Driven by an AC supply, a capacitor accumulates only a limited charge before the potential difference changes sign and the charge dissipates. The higher the frequency, the less charge accumulates and the smaller the opposition to the current.
An inductor consists of a coiled conductor. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction gives the back emf (voltage opposing current) due to a rate-of-change of magnetic flux density through a current loop.
For an inductor consisting of a coil with loops this gives:
The back-emf is the source of the opposition to current flow. A constant direct current has a zero rate-of-change, and sees an inductor as a short-circuit (it is typically made from a material with a low resistivity). An alternating current has a time-averaged rate-of-change that is proportional to frequency, this causes the increase in inductive reactance with frequency.
The total reactance is given by
- (note that is negative)
so that the total impedance is
The total impedance of many simple networks of components can be calculated using the rules for combining impedances in series and parallel. The rules are identical to those for combining resistances, except that the numbers in general are complex numbers. The general case, however, requires equivalent impedance transforms in addition to series and parallel.
For components connected in series, the current through each circuit element is the same; the total impedance is the sum of the component impedances.
Or explicitly in real and imaginary terms:
For components connected in parallel, the voltage across each circuit element is the same; the ratio of currents through any two elements is the inverse ratio of their impedances.
Hence the inverse total impedance is the sum of the inverses of the component impedances:
or, when n = 2:
The equivalent impedance can be calculated in terms of the equivalent series resistance and reactance .
The measurement of the impedance of devices and transmission lines is a practical problem in radio technology and other fields. Measurements of impedance may be carried out at one frequency, or the variation of device impedance over a range of frequencies may be of interest. The impedance may be measured or displayed directly in ohms, or other values related to impedance may be displayed; for example, in a radio antenna, the standing wave ratio or reflection coefficient may be more useful than the impedance alone. The measurement of impedance requires the measurement of the magnitude of voltage and current, and the phase difference between them. Impedance is often measured by "bridge" methods, similar to the direct-current Wheatstone bridge; a calibrated reference impedance is adjusted to balance off the effect of the impedance of the device under test. Impedance measurement in power electronic devices may require simultaneous measurement and provision of power to the operating device.
The impedance of a device can be calculated by complex division of the voltage and current. The impedance of the device can be calculated by applying a sinusoidal voltage to the device in series with a resistor, and measuring the voltage across the resistor and across the device. Performing this measurement by sweeping the frequencies of the applied signal provides the impedance phase and magnitude.
The LCR meter (Inductance (L), Capacitance (C), and Resistance (R)) is a device commonly used to measure the inductance, resistance and capacitance of a component; from these values, the impedance at any frequency can be calculated.
Consider an LC tank circuit. The complex impedance of the circuit is
It is immediately seen that the value of is minimal (actually equal to 0 in this case) whenever
Therefore, the fundamental resonance angular frequency is
In general, neither impedance nor admittance can vary with time, since they are defined for complex exponentials in which −∞ < t < +∞. If the complex exponential voltage to current ratio changes over time or amplitude, the circuit element cannot be described using the frequency domain. However, many components and systems (e.g., varicaps that are used in radio tuners) may exhibit non-linear or time-varying voltage to current ratios that seem to be linear time-invariant (LTI) for small signals and over small observation windows, so they can be roughly described as-if they had a time-varying impedance. This description is an approximation: Over large signal swings or wide observation windows, the voltage to current relationship will not be LTI and cannot be described by impedance.
- Bioelectrical impedance analysis
- Characteristic impedance – Concept in electrical engineering
- Electrical characteristics of dynamic loudspeakers
- High impedance
- Impedance analyzer
- Impedance bridging
- Impedance cardiography
- Impedance control
- Impedance matching – Practice in electronics
- Impedance microbiology
- Negative impedance converter – Active circuit which injects energy into circuits
- Resistance distance – Graph metric of electrical resistance between nodes
- Transmission line impedance – Signal phenomenon
- Universal dielectric response
- is the imaginary unit; i.e., used in electrical engineering. The character is not used as that is often used for current.
- Slurzberg; Osterheld (1950). Essentials of Electricity for Radio and Television. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill. pp. 360 - 362
- Callegaro, L. (2012). Electrical Impedance: Principles, Measurement, and Applications. CRC Press, p. 5
- Callegaro, Sec. 1.6
- Science, p. 18, 1888
- Oliver Heaviside, The Electrician, p. 212, 23 July 1886, reprinted as Electrical Papers, Volume II, p 64, AMS Bookstore, ISBN 0-8218-3465-7
- Kennelly, Arthur. Impedance (AIEE, 1893)
- Gross, Charles A. (2012). Fundamentals of electrical engineering. Thaddeus Adam Roppel. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-9807-9. OCLC 863646311.
- Complex impedance, Hyperphysics
- Horowitz, Paul; Hill, Winfield (1989). "1". The Art of Electronics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–32. ISBN 978-0-521-37095-0.
- AC Ohm's law, Hyperphysics
- Horowitz, Paul; Hill, Winfield (1989). "1". The Art of Electronics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-0-521-37095-0.
- Alexander, Charles; Sadiku, Matthew (2006). Fundamentals of Electric Circuits (3, revised ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 387–389. ISBN 978-0-07-330115-0.
- Parallel Impedance Expressions, Hyperphysics
- George Lewis Jr.; George K. Lewis Sr. & William Olbricht (August 2008). "Cost-effective broad-band electrical impedance spectroscopy measurement circuit and signal analysis for piezo-materials and ultrasound transducers". Measurement Science and Technology. 19 (10): 105102. Bibcode:2008MeScT..19j5102L. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/19/10/105102. PMC 2600501. PMID 19081773.
- ECE 209: Review of Circuits as LTI Systems – Brief explanation of Laplace-domain circuit analysis; includes a definition of impedance. | <urn:uuid:a9082d6c-a7be-4eb1-8512-7139cebbce13> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prewar.mgcc.info/d-type/?rdp_we_resource=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FElectrical_impedance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.888646 | 3,979 | 4.40625 | 4 |
Austin, Samuel (fl.1658) (DNB00)
AUSTIN, SAMUEL, the younger (fl. 1658), poetical writer, inherited little of his father's humility, and seems, indeed, to have been an arrant coxcomb. He became a commoner of Wadham College, Oxford, in 1652, took his B.A. degree in 1656, and afterwards migrated to Cambridge. At Oxford he made a laughing-stock of himself by his inordinate self-conceit. Wood is very severe on him: 'Such was the vanity of this person that he, being extremely conceited of his own worth, and overvaluing his poetical fancy more than that of Cleveland, who was then accounted the "hectoring prince of poets," fell into the hands of the satyrical wits of this university, who, having got some of his prose and poetry, served him as the wits did Tho. Coryat in his time.' These pieces of verse and prose, rendered more ridiculous by grotesque alterations and additions, were published in 1658 'by express order from the Writs,' under the title of 'Naps upon Parnassus; a sleepy Muse nipt and pincht, though not awakened.' A number of satirical commendatory verses is prefixed, among the contributors to which were Thomas Flatman, fellow of New College; Thomas Sprat, of Wadham College, afterwards bishop of Rochester; George Castle, of All Souls'; Alexander Amidci, a Jew and teacher of Hebrew at Oxford; Sylvanus Taylour, of All Souls', and others. At the restoration of Charles II, Austin came before the public with a fulsome 'Panegyrick' (1661). Luckily this awkward attempt in the Pindaric measure fell stillborn from the press. In a prefatory note to the 'Panegyrick' he threatens that 'the author, according as these find acceptance, intends a larger book of poems.' Then he enumerates the subjects that he intends to take in hand, among which are 'Christ's Love to his Church, shadowed out in Joseph and Potiphar's Daughter in a familiar Dialogue betwixt them,' 'Two Lovers in one Heart,' 'The Young Man's speech to a silent Woman,' &c. What became of him after the publication of the 'Panegyrick' is not known.
[Wood, Athen. Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 499, iii. 675; Corser's Collectanea, i. 90-93; Boase and Courtney, Biblioth. Cornub. i. 8.] | <urn:uuid:3a6e87a4-013d-4073-be45-9b12b66041d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Austin,_Samuel_(fl.1658)_(DNB00) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00188-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974369 | 551 | 1.734375 | 2 |
London, UK (PRWEB) April 08, 2014
In 2012, the world cadmium reserves were estimated at approximately 500,000 tonnes. Meanwhile, the overall cadmium production posted a 3.1% increase and exceeded 23,400 tonnes. In the same year, Asia ranked the 1st regional cadmium producer. China was the leading manufacturer, calling for almost 30% of the world cadmium supply. Meantime, the world cadmium consumption remained at the same level as in 2011, therefore creating an oversupply situation in the worldwide market. China, Japan and Belgium were the largest consumers of cadmium across the globe. Nyrstar Budel, Zhuzhou Smelter Group, Teck Resources Limited, Nyrstar NV, Young Poong Corp, Shaoguan Smelter and Votorantim Metais – Cajamarquilla S.A. are the dominant companies involved in the world cadmium market.
The world cadmium market is predicted to see poor growth in the years ahead. In 2015, the global cadmium production is expected to exceed 23,600 tonnes. Constantly rising awareness about cadmium’s toxicity along with the introduction of certain restrictions on the use of this material across some countries present the key challenges to the further market growth.
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- Get ready to take business decisions backed on the accurate market information.
- Gain a clear idea of the possible future trends in the cadmium market.
More insightful market research reports by the publisher can be found at Merchant Research & Consulting page. | <urn:uuid:00457a3b-7219-49e0-9603-e5901f6549ef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014/04/prweb11744433.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00456-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.886762 | 766 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Change your Anxious Attachment Style to something healthier
- Learn to identify deactivating strategies.
When dating someone you are excited about and then suddenly you start thinking they are not right for you, stop and think. Is this a deactivating strategy? Don’t act on your impulse.
- Focus on mutual support.
When you stop pushing away your significant other, he/she will feel a sense of safety in your relationship. So, next time your partner tries to open up and talk about their feelings, try to listen and be receptive to their needs, as well.
- Find a secure partner.
People with a secure attachment style tend to make their avoidant partners more secure. When you're in a relationship with a secure partner, you’ll have less defensiveness, fighting, and anguish.
- Stop misinterpreting behaviors.
Your negative perspective over your partner’s intentions will only harm your connection. Recognize this pattern and notice when it happens. Remind yourself that this is the partner you chose and he/she has your best interests at heart.
- Make a relationship gratitude list.
Start noticing the positives in your partner and keep them in mind. Making a short list will remind you of their qualities and why you’re grateful they’re in your life.
- Stop fantasizing about your “phantom ex”.
“When you find yourself idealizing that one special ex-partner, remind yourself that he or she is not (and never was) a viable option.
- Forget about meeting “the one”.
Don’t wait until “the one” who fits your checklist shows up and hope everything falls into place. If someone is right for you, you still have to work on your relationship.
- Adopt the distraction strategy.
Focusing on other things—taking a hike, going to the beach, or preparing a meal together—will allow you to let your guard down and access your loving feelings towards your partner. Use this little trick to promote intimacy in your time together.
No insights yet
Our site saves small pieces of text information (cookies) on your device in order to deliver better content and for statistical purposes. You can disable the usage of cookies by changing the settings of your browser. By browsing our website without changing the browser settings you grant us permission to store that information on your device. | <urn:uuid:829081f9-c12a-47e7-8afc-7de798064381> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mentorist.app/action/change-your-anxious-attachment_269/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.913267 | 514 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Calling Pacific Shores, the undeveloped dunes area north of Crescent City, a "subdivision" is kind of a bad joke.
Due to environmental concerns, nothing was ever built in the expanse besides a few roads where many Del Norters learned to drive (or drag race).
Instead of houses, what you will find there are tons of illegally dumped trash. That is why a clean-up day is planned for Pacific Shores on Saturday.
Volunteers are invited to pitch in by meeting at 9 a.m. at the
intersection of Kellogg Road and Tell Boulevard (eight-tenths of a mile
west of Lower Lake Road).
In the last year, 50,000 pounds of trash has been removed from
Pacific Shores by Clean Forest Project, a non-profit organization that
cleans up after illegal dumping on public lands in Oregon and Northern
"We've picked up a couple of burned-out motor homes, boats and travel
trailers" from Pacific Shores, said Julie Lockman, executive director
of Clean Forest Project.
Lockman said the group's work started as weekend projects focusing on
a few sites in its own Josephine County, because "we saw a need for
it," she said.
"Then we started getting calls from the Forest Service and BLM asking
us to work on other dump sites," she said.
The non-profit has swelled into an in-demand organization that has
collected more than a million pounds of trash in the last five years and
also has an educational program warning people of the hazards of
"People dump appliances like refrigerators in creeks and that can end
up in the watershed," Lockman said. "It can be a potentially dangerous
The economic crisis has only added to the blight that is the focus of
Clean Forest Project
"The problem of illegal dumping has just skyrocketed," she said.
Recology Del Norte is donating a Dumpster for the clean-up day. The
cost of disposal will be covered by a grant from CalRecycle (the
Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery).
For more information about Clean Forest Project or to become a
member, go to cleanforestproject.org or call (541) 471-4214.
Reach Adam Spencer at firstname.lastname@example.org . | <urn:uuid:927fae60-6202-4bbb-b853-08930a7615f4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.triplicate.com/csp/mediapool/sites/Triplicate/News/story.csp?cid=4377699&fid=151 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00485-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95539 | 495 | 1.90625 | 2 |
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