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Interested in security? Want to protect your data in the real world? See how Windows addresses security as a whole system, one layer at a time. Explore methods of developing a secure baseline and how to harden your Windows Enterprise architectures and applications from pass-the-hash and other advanced attacks.
Available formats for this video:
Actual format may change based on video formats available and browser capability. | <urn:uuid:5726359f-1f1f-4a48-8822-cd35d41da8e3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Ignite/2015/BRK2311 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00432-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.850711 | 81 | 1.820313 | 2 |
9. If you shame attack research, you misjudge its contribution. Offense and defense aren't peers. Defense is offense's child.
I don't have anything to say about "shame," but I strongly disagree with "Offense and defense aren't peers" and "Defense is offense's child." I've blogged about offense over the years, but my 2009 post Offense and Defense Inform Each Other is particularly relevant. John's statements are a condescending form of the phrase "offense informing defense." They're also a sign of "offense envy."
John's last Tweet said the following:
10. Biggest problem with network defense is that defenders think in lists. Attackers think in graphs. As long as this is true, attackers win
This Tweet definitely exhibits offense envy. It plays to the incorrect, yet too-common idea, that defenders are helpless drones, while the offense runs circles around them thanks to their advanced thinking.
The reality is that plenty of defenders practice advanced thinking, while even nation-state level attackers work through checklists.
At the high end of the offense spectrum, many of us have seen evidence of attackers running playbooks. When their checklist ends, the game may be up, or they may be able to ask their supervisor or mentor for assistance.
On the other end of the spectrum, you can enjoy watching videos of lower-skilled intruders fumble around in Kippo honeypots. I started showing these videos during breaks in my classes.
I believe several factors produce offense envy.
- First, many of those who envy the offense have not had contact with advanced defenders. If you've never seen advanced defenders at work, and have only seen mediocre or nonexistent defense, you're likely to mythologize the powers of the offense.
- Second, many offense envy sufferers do not appreciate the restrictions placed on defenders, which result in advantages for the offense. I wrote about several of these in 2007 in Threat Advantages -- namely initiative, flexibility, and asymmetry of interest and knowledge. (Please read the original post if the last two prompt you to think I have offense envy!)
- Third, many of those who glorify offense hold false assumptions about how the black hats operate. This often manifests in platitudes like "the bad guys share -- why don't the good guys?" The reality is that good guys share a lot, and while some bad guys "share," they more often steal, back-stab, and inform on each other.
It's time for the offensive community to pay attention to people like Tony Sager, who ran the Vulnerability Analysis and Operations (VAO) team at NSA. Initially Tony managed independent blue and red teams. The red team always penetrated the target, then dumped a report and walked away.
Tony changed the dynamic by telling the red team that their mission wasn't only to break into a victim's network. He brought the red and blue teams together under one manager (Tony). He worked with the red team to make them part of the defensive solution, not just a way to demonstrate that the offense can always compromise a target.
Network defenders have the toughest job in the technology world, and increasingly the business and societal worlds. We shouldn't glorify their opponents.
Note: Thanks to Chris Palmer for his Tweet -- "He [Lambert] reads like a defender with black hat drama envy. Kind of sad." -- which partially inspired this post. | <urn:uuid:e6e26b27-de7a-4623-8d73-184960dd575e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://taosecurity.blogspot.com/2014/12/dont-envy-offense.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00478-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96155 | 705 | 1.828125 | 2 |
How Good Are the Foreign Cars? (Jan, 1947)
How Good Are the Foreign Cars?
Endlessly people keep asking. “Why are the foreign cars better than ours?” Here is the true dope.
BY TOM McCAHLL
WHICH are really the best?” I’ve often been asked, “American or foreign automobiles?” And readers have written and asked flatly, “Why is it we can’t build as good cars as they do in Europe?”
If you have been around automobile enthusiasts, you know that arguments on this subject have been going on for over 30 years. There is only one truthful answer when asked if imported cars are better than ours, and that is, “Yes and no.”
I will explain. I have never felt more qualified to write any article than I have this, because I don’t believe any one in this country has ever, over a period of years, personally owned more imported cars of various makes than I have, in addition to owning cars made by every leading manufacturer in this country.
In America today we only build one type of car, the American family car. In Europe there are two distinct types and a hybrid—the family car, the sport car and the semi-sport car. The family car, like ours, is designed for family use, and the sport car is designed primarily for sport driving and contests. Now, don’t start hollering that some of our American cars are sport sedans or sport convertibles, because this is only a stretch of the manufacturer’s imagination. There is no such thing as an American sport car being made today, outside of race cars. The “sport”-labelled convertibles we make would show up like battleships in the Gold Cup races in a real sport event. Are they better? No. They are different, But, as we are comparing our one type of car with their two and a half types, let’s make the comparisons one at a time.
First, let’s compare their family car to ours. Are the cars the same? For the most part, no, and for good reasons. In Europe the price of gasoline averages four to five times more than here, so that economy becomes a much more important factor that it does with us, and the manufacturer catering to the low-priced-car buyer must stress economy of operation. To accomplish this he must sacrifice some of the features our manufacturers shout about, such as performance and horsepower and roominess. And what have they given in their place? Usually workmanship and quality. These are far superior to ours. The doors of their low-priced cars fit like the doors of our expensive ones, and the assembled parts in general are of a much higher quality than those we turn out. The upholstery is often genuine leather of the finest quality, even in the cheapest cars.
So, how do the products of America and Europe stack up? Does the little, jewel-like car of superb workmanship surpass our big, low-priced cars put together for the most part by stamping machines? The answer is still, “Yes and no,” Yes, they are a much better car to own in a country where gasoline costs around a dollar a gallon, and they are just as sensible to own where the majority of roads are narrow and winding and where excess horsepower couldn’t be used in safety anyway, For this type of driving, typical of European conditions, the fine little continental car seems the best.
But for America, no. This car is not for the American driver who thinks nothing of driving 400 miles in a day’s run, in contrast to most Europeans who couldn’t drive 400 miles from the center of their country without crossing an international boundary line! Nor is it for the American business man who has a lot of stops to make and must travel fast regardless of bad road conditions. The American driver wants comfort for his family, horsepower and snap for his long trips, and a car that can be used 365 days in the year irrespective of location or weather. For Americans, no other car in the world will give the service we get out of our own cars today.
“Hold on,” you say, “how about the big foreign cars such as the Rolls Royce, Minerva, Hispano, Lan-chester or Bentley?” My friends, now you are thinking about the world’s unquestionably best-built automobiles, but these are strictly luxury products. There isn’t an American car that can hold a candle to any of them from the standpoint of workmanship and comfort—but then, look what they cost! and remember I just said best-built automobiles, not best automobiles for Americans. These cars are made to give years of service and in this nothing we build can approach them. I could take you in front of the Plaza Hotel in New York or the Breaker in Palm Beach and show ! you quite a number of cars of this type ranging in age from 20 to 25 years and they’ll all look like new and be in perfect condition; but think how many Cadillacs you could have owned in this time for the $20,000 one of them would have cost you, delivered here! If we are not considering price, only quality, then the Rolls must get the nod, even though a Lincoln or Cadillac would beat the pants off it in a performance test.
What really starts all these “Which is better?” arguments is the contest between the American (all purpose) car and the foreign sport car. The foreign sport car is primarily a racing car-meaning road racing, not track. In performance it is so far superior to the best American stock car that comparison is ridiculous. These cars run in price from the poor man’s sport car, equal to our low-priced machines, to the double SS Mercedes Benz which costs from $20,000 up. They are usually so underslung that in getting in you feel as though you were getting into bed, but they are often much longer in wheelbase than some of our largest limousines. For the most part the expensive sport cars are supercharged, and the great majority are either four-place open phaetons or roadsters, which doesn’t assure much comfort on a sub-zero night unless you are an Eskimo. About the performance difference: when you hear an American car owner brag that he was doing a hundred you may rest assured he’s either stretching the truth to the breaking point or he has a very slap-happy speedometer, but when you hear about a Talbot, Maz-zaratti, Alfa Romeo or Mercedes Benz doing close to 150, don’t smirk, because they can do it. If you owned one of the fastest American stock cars and the owner of a Bugatti, for example, offered to bet you that on Park Avenue, New York City, he could go two blocks from a dead standstill while you were going one, don’t bet him, because you would lose. These cars are supercharged dynamite that can whip up close to a hundred before you get out of second, and if it wasn’t for the law they could do 20 laps around Central Park before you went 10. Does this make them better, you ask? The answer is, far better for this type of driving.
Just a few years ago on Roosevelt Raceway, Long Island, a track was built for an international road race, and what happened? Some of our best drivers who competed with American cars looked like kids from the soap box derby against the German and Italian drivers and cars. The course twisted and turned and did everything but loop the loop, and the foreign drivers made our boys look like the rank amateurs they were at the contest of shifting gears, fast acceleration, and fast braking called road racing. Several oceans of water have gone over the dam since any foreign entrant has won the famed Indianapolis classic, however— an almost top-speed race all the way. There were several foreign cars in the first ten this year, but only one foreign driver, and he finished seventh; so you see it’s a case of making the car and driver fit the conditions.
If you still ask how we can compare our cars to such machines of super-performance, the answer is easy. The others are made, as pointed out, for sport driving—something we would almost call an obstacle race—but the biggest difference is seen in their normal life, so get a grip on your hats, foreign car fans, here it comes. The average sport car, regardless of how much it costs, is through, washed-up, worn out, useless, before it has gone 20,000 miles. I don’t mean it needs an overhaul, I mean it is through! Compare this with many American cars that have gone several hundred thousand miles and are still going. Exceptions are found only among high-priced semi-sport cars that are never raced, but used like American family cars.
My objection to the semi-sport foreign car for American use centers around its cost of upkeep and temperamental nature. We in America expect to walk out to our garage on a cold winter morning, turn on the ignition and start. The semi-sport job may start right off, but then it may not. These cars are made like fine Swiss watches, compared to our dollar ones, and a little thing like a moist day or a drop of twenty degrees in temperature sometimes makes it almost impossible to get them running right. I used to own and operate a machine shop that specialized in servicing expensive foreign cars, and I can tell you, they are as temperamental as prima donnas. If you are an expert automobile man you might get a lot of fun out of catering to their whims, but if you are not, they can cost you a mint of money. In fact, they are just too fine a piece of machinery to be hacked around on trips to market or station or to the movies after dinner. To give an idea, I drove a Mercedes Benz to the West Coast one time, and on cold days at high altitudes I often had to change the spark plugs to a hotter type, to say nothing of making complete carburetor adjustments for every change of altitude and weather. It was fun being able to cruise at 100 in open country and it was fun to hear the roar of the engine that always announced my arrival to some prairie town five miles before I got there, but such fun has to be paid for, either in money or in hours under the hood.
No one ever loved sporty cars more than the late composer, Vincent Youmans, and few men have known how to drive them better. Vince, when he died last spring, owned a Lincoln Continental, a Rolls Royce and a Mercedes Benz, the last, one of the fastest cars ever built. Twice a year, usually, he would drive from New York to Los Angeles in four and a half days; it was a game with him to try and beat the train’s time. He would drive at night, from six P.M. until seven or eight the next morning; then he would sleep all day until it was time to go again. Which car do you think he used? That’s right, the American Lincoln Continental, in spite of the fact that his own Mercedes won one of the last great road races held in Germany before the war. He knew the Lincoln Continental would keep going, hour after hour, without any fits of temperament. Even though he couldn’t cross the prairies at a cruising speed of 100 or better with it, he could hold a steady 75 to 80 most of the night, and brother, that gets you places.
I’d like the chance to bet on our three most popular low-priced family cars, in a race from coast to coast against three of the best foreign sport cars. They’d streak far ahead when it came to high-speed cruising; but the steep climbs to high, cold altitudes, the sudden descents, the western mountains, the searing deserts which go on for hundreds of miles—these would produce just about every known driving condition. I’d back our cars every time. fo the cars that take old Doc Jones to meet the stork at three on a Vermont winter morning; they’re the cars that deliver the mail along the Rio when the temperature is well over 100; and they’re the cars that take thousands of Americans to work and back five days a week the year round. They are American cars, rough, tough and full of fight, not so fast and maybe not so pretty, but they keep going somehow even after the last fender has fallen off.
This is America and our cars are right for Americans. | <urn:uuid:3770f50d-e96e-4a53-8fd9-1c2d966da310> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.modernmechanix.com/how-good-are-the-foreign-cars/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00076-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971556 | 2,684 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Immigration, Muslims, and the Future of Northeast Ohio
For years now, Northeast Ohio has had a strained relationship with the notion of immigration. In a region characterized by population decline and economic hardship, immigration is often seen as a threat. After all, when resources are scarce, many worry that new arrivals will snap up jobs or other opportunities. Add to that a post 9-11 strain of thought that conflated terrorism with Islam, and it’s not all that surprising that an anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim sentiment would emerge at times.
We’ve been here before, writes British-Canadian author Doug Saunders. In his new book, The Globe and Mail reporter reminds us, “We have forgotten how alarming the waves of Roman Catholic and Jewish immigrants from the fringes of Europe appeared to North Americans and Western Europeans only a few decades ago.” He goes on,
Right up through the early 1950s, it was commonplace for thinkers across the political spectrum to argue that Catholic immigrants were driven by the dictates of their faith to promote fascism, violence, and religious extremism (for this was the condition of most of their home countries and the apparent fate of many of their diasporas) and therefore could not be assimilated into non-Catholic cultures. Until the Second World War, it had been considered reasonable in many circles to hold similar views, involving communism and crime, about Ashkenazic Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe.
In Saunders’ most recent book, The Myth of the Muslim Tide, he lays bear the anti-immigrant talking points that often find their way into our national and local debates about newcomers and how our communities are evolving. His primary point is that we tend to respond to every wave of immigration (and migration) with fear, hysteria, mistrust and a frequent but perhaps unintentional inattention to facts and the realities of human experience. His previous book, Arrival City, looks more broadly at the experience of immigration from the migrant's point of view, examining how migration is changing cities around the world.
Saunders will be in town April 16-18. The community is invited to join NOCMES, CSU and Global Cleveland for a public forum about our relationship to Muslim immigrants.
It's your Civic Commons, so you get to start the conversation you think is important.Start a Conversation
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Immigration, Muslims, and Our Community:
Conversations with Author Doug Saunders
Midwest Muslims, Immigration, and Cleveland’s Future
Tuesday, April 16th, 4:00pm - 6:00pm
Student Center, Third Floor
Cleveland State University
The Myth of the Rising Tide: Do Immigrants Threaten the West?
Wednesday, April 17th at 7:00pm
Cuyahoga County Public Library
25501 Shaker Blvd, Beachwood, Ohio 44122 | <urn:uuid:7e9f4c76-0073-495e-87ef-6c6c50eb5dd2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theciviccommons.com/issues/new-perspectives/?from=newperspectives | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00433-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949704 | 767 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Today is Friday, May 21, the 142nd day of 2004 with 224 to follow.
The moon is waxing. The morning stars are Neptune, Uranus, Mercury and Pluto. The evening stars are Venus, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn.
Those born on this date are under the sign of Gemini. They include German painter Albrecht Durer in 1471; King Philip II of Spain, who launched the Spanish Armada, in 1527; English poet and satirist Alexander Pope in 1688; French painter Henri Rousseau in 1844; industrialist Armand Hammer in 1898; architect Marcel Breuer in 1902; composer and barrelhouse piano player Thomas "Fats" Waller in 1904; author Harold Robbins in 1916; singer Dennis Day and actor Raymond Burr, both in 1917; Soviet physicist-turned-humanitarian Andrei Sakharov in 1921; actress Peggy Cass in 1924; romance novelist Janet Dailey in 1944 (age 60); comedian Al Franken in 1951 (age 53); and actors Mr. T, born Lawrence Tero, in 1952 (age 52) and Judge Reinhold in 1957 (age 46).
On this date in history:
In 1832, the first Democratic national convention was held in Baltimore.
In 1881, Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross.
In 1927, Charles Lindbergh landed the "Spirit of St. Louis" in Paris, completing the first solo flight across the Atlantic.
In 1932, five years to the day after Charles Lindbergh's historic flight, Amelia Earhart became the first pilot to repeat the feat, flying solo across the Atlantic from Newfoundland, Canada, to Ireland. She completed her flight in 13 ½ hours.
In 1941, President Roosevelt proclaimed "an unlimited state of national emergency," seven months before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
In 1985, after taking fertility drugs, Patti Frustaci of Orange, Calif., gave birth to the first recorded American septuplets. Six of the seven infants were born alive. Three survived.
In 1991, former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated while campaigning.
Also in 1991, Ethiopian President Mengistu Haile Mariam resigned and fled for Zimbabwe after 14 years in power.
And in 1991, South Korea's Prime Minister Ro Ja Bong quit after four weeks of student protests demanding his resignation.
In 1992, royal intervention ended four days of the bloodiest urban unrest in Thailand's history.
In 1993, the Venezuelan Senate authorized the country's Supreme Court to try President Carlos Andres Perez on corruption charges. Perez was then suspended from office.
In 1998, two students were killed and 22 others wounded when a classmate opened fire in a high school cafeteria in Eugene, Ore. A 15-year-old boy was arrested in connection with the shootings; police found his parents shot to death at home.
Also in 1998, weeks of demonstrations led to the resignation of autocratic Indonesian President Suharto.
In 2003, a massive 6.8 earthquake struck near Algiers, killing more than 2,200 people and injuring another 10,000.
Also in 2003, a 3-judge panel in Florida threw out a record $145 billion punitive damage award against cigarette manufacturers.
And, former New Jersey Gov. Christine Whitman, who had mixed success in promoting her agenda, resigned as head of the Environmental Protection Agency.
A thought for the day: Arthur Koestler said, "If the Creator had a purpose in equipping us with a neck, he surely meant us to stick it out." | <urn:uuid:ab7c0d56-3d75-4c57-babb-629ef7e8c478> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2004/05/21/The-Almanac/UPI-38141085124600/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00144-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950257 | 727 | 2.25 | 2 |
Karen Connell has kindly sent me her CIPR Diploma in Public Relations dissertation so I can publish it on my blog.
Her research explores the nature of two-way symmetrical communications in public sector organisations, with a focus on whether the growth of social media is affecting the nature of one of the four models of PR proposed by Grunig and Hunt in the eighties.
Karen’s introduction, shown below, explains more about her research and what it covers:
It is evident throughout professional groups and in trade publications that social media is a hot topic in Public Relations (PR) and communications. This project aims to apply traditional PR theories such as the two-way symmetrical approach to this emerging trend of communication in order to reinforce the value of social media as an effective tool and not just a passing phase.
The two-way symmetrical approach to PR is one of the four models put forward by Grunig and Hunt (1984). The other models are the press-agentry, public information and two-way asymmetrical. Grunig and Grunig proposed that “excellent public relations departments practice the two-way symmetrical model of public relations” (1992, page 290). If excellence in PR is the two-way symmetrical approach then to find out how effective social media is as a tool for community engagement it would be appropriate to measure the extent to which it represents the two-way symmetrical model.
The Government White Paper, Strong and Prosperous Communities (2006) calls for greater community engagement in the public sector. The White Paper suggests the following steps must be taken to engage communities:
inform citizens – providing good, accessible information on how to access services and on how local services are performing; through, for example, newsletters, information on websites, text messages, local media, or staff working in neighbourhoods;
- consult citizens and communities – about the shape of local services and policies using, for example, surveys, focus groups or neighbourhood and parish plans;
- involve citizens directly in designing, delivering or assessing a service – for example by co-opting a group of young people to help manage a youth centre; and
- devolve responsibility for the delivery of a service – for example through community management and ownership of a local community hall.
Community engagement is now a priority in many public sector authorities. There are close links between community engagement and the two-way symmetrical model of PR as they are both approaches that encourage discussion between publics and organisations, they are also concerned with communication being mutually beneficial for publics and organisations.
The rise of social media is a recent phenomenon. Popular social media platforms, including facebook, Twitter and blogs such as WordPress, are now widely used by individuals and organisations. Social media was primarily based on specific sites but more recently organisations have started to incorporate aspects of social media into their own websites.
The nature of social media makes it responsive, constantly adapting to its environment which can provide a good opportunity for PR practitioners to demonstrate excellent two-way symmetrical communications. This study will look at how effectively PR practitioners are using this medium and with what results. This study aims to test the effectiveness of social media as a community
engagement tool by measuring and assessing practitioners’ experiences of using social media.
In order to answer the project title this research will seek to address the questions:
- How effective do PR practitioners consider social media to be as a tool for community engagement?
- What can ensure the success or failure of using social media in community engagement?
This project aims to explore the strengths and weaknesses of using social media. It
will also seek to assess to what extent social media communication meets the two-way symmetrical model of public relations by addressing the following questions:
- Are practitioners using social media to fulfil their own aims or do they
compromise between public and organisation motives?
- Are practitioners using social media in a way that encourages community
There currently exists a wide range of comment, opinion and discussion on the subject of social media on blogs and other social media platforms, however, very little of this content is based on formal research and the information is subjective and not academic or peer reviewed.
Social media is a new and rapidly expanding area for public relations study. It has broad practical implications for use in public relations practice across the industry. The platforms that are currently delivering social media (e.g. facebook) may not be around forever but the concepts around social media, such as sharing, collaboration, and the public becoming contributors and creators of content are indicative of the nature of digital media communications in the future, particularly as more generations grow up with the Internet.
This research seeks to provide objective evidence to link practical ideas about social media with theoretical models to demonstrate what value social media has in modern public relations.
You can read Karen’s research below or download the pdf here:
Thanks to Karen for giving permission for her research to be published here. If you’d like to get in touch with Karen drop me a line and I will pass your message on. | <urn:uuid:b9705f17-c3e5-488f-979b-1bb04c9f6f4e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.simonwakeman.com/blog/2011/05/24/how-effective-is-social-media-as-a-tool-for-community-engagement/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00186-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937194 | 1,039 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Many varieties of cypress trees have tap roots that go nearly as deep as the tree is tall. Since this is the main root of the plant, you want to get as much of it out of the ground intact as you can. This can make transplanting a mature cypress impossible without the help of a tree service and the use of a tree spade, which can be very expensive. For practical purposes, transplant a cypress by yourself or with a partner before the tree is more than 5 to 6 feet tall.
- Skill level:
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Cypress tree
- Long-handled pruning shears
Choose a new site for your cypress tree in the fall, where it has plenty of space, full sun and well-drained soil. Dig a hole that is half the height of the tree you are transplanting, and as wide as the diameter of its drip line.
Fill a bucket with water and pour half of it in the transplant hole. If it does not drain quickly, amend the soil with equal parts peat and sand until it does. Cypress trees will die if left in standing water.
Dig in a circle around the drip line of the cypress tree you are moving. Point the shovel at a 45-degree angle toward the centre of the tree and the tap root.
Pry up gently as you dig. If you feel resistance, dig deeper and try again. If the tap root still won't come out, clip it with long-handled pruning shears as deep in the hole as you can to get as much of it as possible. Gently lift the tree out of the hole and place it in the wheelbarrow. If the tree is more than 3 feet tall, you may need someone to help you lift it.
Roll the tree to its new site. Pour the rest of the water in the hole to help reduce transplant shock. Lift the cypress gently out of the wheelbarrow and set it in the planting hole. Stand back to check that it's standing straight, and adjust if necessary.
Backfill the hole with dirt, pressing it firmly to eliminate air spaces around the roots. Pour another bucket of water at the tree's base to water it in. Shovel the remaining soil into the wheelbarrow, roll it back to the original hole, and backfill.
Water well every few days for the first three weeks after planting, to help the cypress adjust to its new environment and begin to grow.
Tips and warnings
- Always try to transplant trees and shrubs in the fall when they are dormant and less likely to suffer severe transplant shock.
- Lift through your knees, not your back, when transplanting a tree with a heavy root ball.
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- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for | <urn:uuid:30724952-f86b-43a4-92d4-80f7092d48cb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_6691244_transplant-cypress-trees.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00194-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94381 | 603 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Purchase this article with an account.
Daniel Blakely, Timothy Wright, Walter Boot, James Brockmole; On The Precision of Attention Sets: Effects of Distractor Probability and Temporal Expectations on Contingent Capture. Journal of Vision 2011;11(11):81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1167/11.11.81.
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The contingent spatial blink paradigm developed by Folk, Leber, and Egeth (2002) reveals a surprising lack of precision when it comes to our ability to maintain attention goals (sets). A completely irrelevant distractor sharing the color of a target letter in an RSVP (rapid serial visual presentation) stream produces a substantial attention capture effect, even when this distractor is distant from the RSVP stream, and the target's spatial location is central and constant. We examined whether the precision of attention sets can be improved by manipulating participants' expectations. In one experiment, the probability of the target-color-matching distractor was manipulated between groups to appear frequently or infrequently. We hypothesized that participants who encountered the peripheral distractor more frequently would develop a more precise attention set encompassing only the target's location, resulting in less capture. Consistent with this hypothesis, capture effects were smaller when the distractor's occurrence was frequent. We also manipulated the probability of the distractor occurring at a specific location, but found that consistent distractor location did not elicit less capture compared to when the distractor had a chance of occurring at four possible locations. Finally, we examined the possibility of training participants to adopt a temporally narrow attention set. Training involved searching for a target that occurred in the RSVP stream randomly (broad temporal window), or searching for a target that always occurred in the middle of the RSVP sequence (narrow temporal window). However, when participants were transferred to a block of trials in which the target always occurred in the middle of the stream and distractors could appear before or after it, capture effects were equivalent across groups. The present study suggests that experience (i.e., distractor frequency) can modify attention sets, but the precision of attention sets is largely unaffected by temporal and spatial expectations.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only | <urn:uuid:6e2670bf-a4dd-4a35-8f61-c36001556f8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2140362&resultClick=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.929298 | 477 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Earth Day observed with numerous activities
MANITOWOC – In conjunction with other organizations, the Lakeshore Natural Resources Partnership (LNRP) will be holding several Earth Day activities in four east central Wisconsin counties during late April.
The lineup of activities will kick off from 5 to 8 p.m. on Friday, April 21 at the Starboard Brewing Company, 151 North 3rd Ave., Sturgeon Bay. Scientific reviews presented by the Climate Change Coalition of Door County and the Forest Recovery Project will be accompanied by music and microbrews.
On the morning of Earth Day, which is on Saturday, April 22, the friends of the Manitowoc River and Twin Rivers watersheds will conduct their annual beach cleanup along the shore of Lake Michigan in both Manitowoc and Two Rivers.
Volunteers are asked to register by calling Kim at (920) 242-1993 or by sending an e-mail to email@example.com for the Manitowoc beach. For the Two Rivers beach, call Don at (920) 553-4941 or send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.org.
At 6:30 p.m. on April 22 at the Door County Auditorium, 3926 Highway 42, Fish Creek, there will be a free premiere showing of the Niagara Escarpment film created by county native Roger Kuhns.
April 23 activities
At 9:10 a.m. on Sunday, April 23, the fellowship hall at Hope United Church of Christ in Sturgeon Bay will be the setting for a discussion led by entomologist Dick Smythe. The morning's topic will be international commitments contained in the United Nations climate change agreement that was signed in Paris in 2015.
During the noon hour on Sunday, April 23, architect Virge Temme will host an open house at her first SAGE (sustainable, affordable, green, expandable) home, which is under construction. The location is 518 South 15th Street, Sturgeon Bay.
Reptiles and rain barrels
In a presentation geared for children, the Fox Valley Herp Club and the Friends of the Branch River Watershed will sponsor a free presentation on reptiles, including hands-on interactions with snakes, turtles, and other reptiles. This will be held from 12:30 to 2:30 p.m. on Sunday, April 23 in the upstairs Balkansky rooms B and C at the Manitowoc Public Library, 707 Quay Street.
As a fundraiser for the Niagara Escarpment Resource Network's school curriculum project, there will be a premiere showing of De Pere resident Dan Larson's film “The Great Ledge” at 6:30 p.m. on Wednesday, April 26 at the De Pere Cinema, 417 George Street. The $10 per person tickets will also entitle attendees to food and beverages.
Two free showings of “The Great Ledge” are scheduled on Saturday, April 29 in Door County. The times and places are 1:30 p.m. at The Clearing, 12171 Garrett Street in Ellison Bay and 7 p.m. at Crossroads at Big Creek, 2041 Michigan Street, Sturgeon Bay.
A workshop on building and installing rain barrels will be sponsored by the Friends of the Manitowoc River Watershed from 9 to 11 a.m. on Saturday, April 29 at the Wisconsin Maritime Museum, 75 Maritime Drive, Manitowoc. Twenty of the attendees at the free session will win a rain barrel in a raffle. To register, send an e-mail to email@example.com or call (920) 627-1799.
Brats, pollinators, trees
A brat fry fundraiser for the Friends of the Branch River Watershed will be held from 9:30 a.m. to 3 p.m. on Saturday, April 29 at Rob's Family Market, 2330 Menasha Ave., Manitowoc.
Another event on Saturday, April 29 will be a pollinator workshop from 10 a.m. to noon at RCS Empowers, 1607 Geele Ave., Sheboygan. There is a $10 per person cost for the workshop being hosted by the Sheboygan River Basin Partnership and Nourish Farms.
The Mink River Preserve north of Ellison Bay in Door County will be the site of a public tree planting day from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. on Saturday, April 29. The site is part of a wetland complex that provides habitat to rare and endangered butterflies. For more information about the tree planting, call (920) 421-2283 or send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.org.
Additional details about any of these events are available from Jennifer Hansmann at the LNRP. The phone number is (920) 627-1799. | <urn:uuid:4e04a17a-80d2-4359-8e78-7e1220ab2f47> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wisfarmer.com/story/news/2017/04/18/earth-day-observed-numerous-activities/100589574/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.921639 | 1,002 | 1.734375 | 2 |
The freshly sworn-in eighth governor of the Bank of Israel, Stanley Fischer, believes that growth could reach an annual rate of 5-6 percent if the country exercises its full potential. With such growth, Israel could achieve the GDP per capita levels of second-tier, not top-tier, European countries, he says.
The new governor fully supports the Bachar capital market reforms, which include banning the banks from owning provident and mutual funds. Fischer is expected to meet with bank leaders next week to hear their point of view. Banking heads are known to be against the reforms, which would remove their institutions from a financial market which they currently dominate. As a result, they may be hoping that Fischer will side with his alma mater, the International Monetary Fund, which warned that the recommendations are too far-reaching. Despite having served as first deputy managing director of the fund, Fischer is likely to disagree with the IMF in this case.
Fischer says the central bank should add economic growth support to its list of goals, while not making it a higher priority than maintaining price and financial market stability.
The governor believes the way to resolve the blight of poverty is via spurring economic growth, a statement highly reminiscent of Finance Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's policies that without economic growth, there will be no solution for the poor.
Fischer also believes Israel's welfare system begs reform, hoping that Israel will choose something in between the stringencies of the American system and the expansion of the European system, which helps spur high unemployment rates. However, he firmly opposes abolishing the shekel and adopting a bloc currency such as the dollar or euro.
Israel theoretically could join the OECD, but only after substantial and dramatic progress in the peace process, Fischer says. The country has long wanted to join this exclusive rich countries club, and it is believed that Fischer sees this as being realistic.
Certainly, choosing a man of his caliber, resume and international standing could not be a bad move for a country wishing to join the club.
Want to enjoy 'Zen' reading - with no ads and just the article? Subscribe todaySubscribe now | <urn:uuid:0a40e645-725d-4aea-a98d-756c94ae69f5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/business/new-central-bank-governor-says-growth-could-reach-5-6-1.157683 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00147-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956326 | 429 | 1.625 | 2 |
Curses::Toolkit::Event::Mouse::Click - event that is related to mouse click
Event that is related to mouse click
input : type : a type of mouse click. STRING, can be one of (see below) button : the button that was clicked. STRING, can be (see below) coordinates : Curses::Toolkit::Object::Coordinates : where the click happened root_window : Curses::Toolkit : the root window object type can be one of : pressed released clicked double_clicked triple_clicked shift ctrl alt button can be one of : button1 button2 button3 button4 button5 button
Returns the widget that is affected by the event. In this case, it returns the widget where the click were done
input : none output : the widget that is affected by the event
Damien "dams" Krotkine
This software is copyright (c) 2011 by Damien "dams" Krotkine.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. | <urn:uuid:b4ccbd4c-5d5f-4a8e-bf4e-e856098c2aac> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://metacpan.org/pod/release/DAMS/Curses-Toolkit-0.211/lib/Curses/Toolkit/Event/Mouse/Click.pm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00161-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.812507 | 234 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Homologous Gene Finding with a Hidden Markov Model
Consequently, we present a new homologous gene finding algorithm in this thesis. We borrow the idea of gene mapping and alignment algorithms, and apply existing seed-based homology search algorithms and hidden Markov model-based (HMM-based) gene finding algorithms to solve the homologous gene finding problem. After we find high-scoring segment pairs (HSPs) between the query gene and the target genomic sequence, we locate target regions that we believe contain a gene homologous to the query gene. Then, we extend existing HMM-based gene finding algorithms to find homologous gene candidates. To improve the accuracy of homologous gene finding, we train a HMM to be biased toward the query gene. We also introduce a new coding sequence (CDS) length penalty as a measure of how the CDS lengths of the query gene and its homologous gene vary to further improve the accuracy. We use the new CDS length penalty together with our enhanced Viterbi algorithm and our flexible finish condition to improve the speed of homologous gene fining without harming the accuracy. Finally, we use protein alignment to pick and rank the best homologous gene candidates.
In this thesis, we also describe several experiments to evaluate and support our homologous gene finding algorithm.
School:University of Waterloo
School Location:Canada - Ontario
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:gene computer science
Date of Publication:12/20/2006 | <urn:uuid:ed0c07fd-fe5c-4f4e-8ff7-4a313774ba04> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.openthesis.org/documents/Homologous-Gene-Finding-with-Hidden-206590.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00480-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.874305 | 317 | 1.976563 | 2 |
The Church of St. Anne is a church and religious monument located in the Santana district of Old Goa, in Goa province, India. The 17th century church is a major example of the colonial Portuguese Baroque architecture built in Portuguese India.
Construction of the Church of St. Anne began in 1577 by Monsignor Francisco de Rego (1681–1689). It was completed in 1695, by his successor, Rev. Fr. Antonio Francisco da Cunha.
The Church of Anne was declared a "national monument" during the Portuguese era per Government Portario No. 1360 of 31/3/31. In that Portario were also the Bom Jesus Basilica, the Se Cathedral, the Church of St. Francis of Assisi, the Convent of Santa Monica and the Church of St. Cajetan. Each of these, monumental in their architectural splendor, and all of them within the former Portuguese capital of Old Goa, Goa.
Upon Goa's annexation by India in 1961, while the aforementioned edifices were embraced as "national monuments" by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and effectively taken over, the church of St. Anne was singularly overlooked and suffered the ravages of time and human neglect until parts of the structure were in precarious conditions.
The Church has been taken under the wing of the World Monument Foundation. Urgent repairs and the strengthening of the foundations took place in 2007 along with assistance from the Goa Government.
Legend has it that while construction was in progress, an elderly villager by the name of Bartholomeu Marchon, had a vision of an old lady donning a hat with a staff in hand. The old lady ambled down the neighboring hill and promulgated to Bartholomeu that the Church under construction was her home, and that it was her intent to reside there. A similar apparition was also encountered by a Brahmin lady of high social standing, who happened to be gravely ill and almost in death's clutch. The celestial apparition anointed the lady with a miraculous cure and as a token of supreme gratitude, she embraced Christianity. Word of her miraculous cure percolated down to the village priest who instantly interpreted it as a sign of divine intervention, and without further ado, consecrated the church in honor of St. Anne.
High up in the transept facing the sanctuary, one can see a relief picture depicting the scene of St. Anne with a staff in hand and wearing a hat as seen in the apparitions..
- Long Neglected Church gets official attention
- Goan Architecture
- Church of St. Anne, Talaulim
- Church of St. Anne | <urn:uuid:6a73a077-0ef3-442f-a679-03a30f250328> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St._Anne,_Talaulim | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.965742 | 577 | 2.53125 | 3 |
The community Easter egg hunt was fun until the Easter bunny showed up. My granddaughter took one look at the hairy hare, and the bliss of savouring a chocolate egg turned to terror. My grandson carried on happily eating his treat until the Easter bunny approached him, at which point he too began to cry.
The physical manifestation of the Easter bunny is fairly recent. It was certainly not part of the Easters of my childhood, nor of that of my children. The shy but fun-loving mythical creature existed only in imagination. Today, the Easter bunny is almost as visible as Santa Claus, making special appearances at community egg hunts and showing up at malls across the country for photo ops. But the legend of a bunny that drops eggs for children to find on Easter morning is centuries old.
The first mention of an egg-toting bunny dates to 1572 in Germany, where children made nests for it and awoke on Easter morning to find the nests filled with coloured eggs. (Colouring eggs for Easter began in the 13th century.) In the 18th century, German immigrants brought the legendary bunny with them to America.
By the 19th century, candy companies in the eastern United States were producing rabbit-shaped candies for Easter. By 1930, people began to associate jellybeans with Easter because of their oval (egg-like) shape. But this commercialization leads to the question: What do bunnies and eggs have to do with the religious celebration of Easter, the most important feast day of the Christian calendar?
Historians contest the origins of the Easter bunny. Unlike modern Halloween traditions, for which there is strong historical evidence pointing to ancient pagan celebrations, there’s little evidence to support a similar argument for Easter. The scant evidence points to the myth of Ostara, the Anglo-Saxon fertility goddess and a goddess of dawn and light.
Ostara was a friend of children. To amuse them, she changed her bird into a rabbit that brought forth brightly-coloured eggs. Ostara gave the coloured eggs to the children.
In the eighth century, the English monk Venerable Bede connected the word Easter and Eostre, a version of Ostara. This is the only historical evidence of the connection until 1835 when Jacob Grimm suggested that Easter is associated with Ostara for two reasons: she had a pet hare and she personified the rising sun. It wasn’t too much of a stretch to associate the dawn of a new day with resurrection and the Christian holy day.
The hare has other associations with Christianity. From the time of Aristotle through the late medieval ages, people thought the hare could reproduce without a mate. This led Christianity to associate the hare with the virginity and purity of Mary, mother of Jesus.
An ancient motif of Buddhist origin depicts three hares running in a circle; each shares an ear that forms a triangle. The motif travelled east to west along the Silk Road during the time of the Mongols and shows up in Islamic, Christian and Jewish iconography. Eventually, Christianity came to interpret the union of the three hares as a symbol of the communal aspect of the Holy Trinity.
The overwhelming imagery of the Crucifixion by Pat Murphy
The child that was me experienced the lead-up to Easter as foreboding rather than inspiring
Although it’s difficult to say for sure why the egg became a symbol for Easter, it may relate to the medieval practice of abstaining from eggs during Lent, after which time people feasted on them. Similarly, at some point, it became traditional to abstain from chocolate during Lent. The shape of an egg and chocolate combined to become a favourite Easter treat.
Because of its associations with fertility and birth, the egg symbolizes the new life of the resurrection. It represents emergence from the tomb and is a metaphor for transformation. The egg doesn’t just remind believers of the resurrection of Jesus. It also reminds them of their spiritual transformation, a transformation strengthened through the Lenten practices of prayer, fasting and acts of generosity.
Over the centuries, bunnies and eggs became staples of Easter celebrations because of their symbolic associations with the death and resurrection of Jesus.
While those associations have receded into the background, the tradition of hunting for eggs contributes to the joy of Easter, even if the Easter bunny is a little bit scary.
Louise McEwan has degrees in English and Theology. She has a background in education and faith formation.
© Troy Media
Troy Media is an editorial content provider to media outlets and its own hosted community news outlets across Canada. | <urn:uuid:6994e6dd-324e-4411-8971-d8da3ce1d414> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://troymedia.com/lifestyle/following-the-trail-of-the-easter-bunnys-origins/?noamp=mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.96184 | 942 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Kids yoga is a set of movements in which classic yoga postures are adapted for children. In kids yoga, which consists of individual, dual and group exercises, children have the opportunity to direct their energy in the right direction.
The aim of kids yoga is to balance body-mind-soul harmony as in adult yoga and to ensure that the child continues to live with this balance. In this way, social and educational lives are also affected positively.
There is no such concept as losing or winning in kids yoga. Thus, children express their creativity in a safe environment without competition. Having fun together, learning and playing is the real reward for children. The child, whose self-confidence increases, learns to discover himself through yoga and does so within the framework of awareness rather than a competition consciousness.
One of the most important features of a child yoga is entertainment. Kids yoga is combined with songs, stories and games and applied according to age groups. The basic postures in kids yoga are named after animals, plants, objects and nature. Stories and games prolong children’s time to concentrate, integrating with stories and expanding their imagination. To avoid boredom, transitions between movements in music, stories and games, and the time to stand in a position are faster than in adult yoga. Even hyperactive children can sit on their mats for a longer time with games and songs.
From a mental point of view, kids yoga helps increase the child’s self-confidence and motivation, enhances the ability to express himself by allowing him to experience easier and different ways of learning.
Socially, it improves the awareness of group work, creativity and problem-solving skills, and helps to reduce exam anxiety. It facilitates the learning of school-age children as well as increases their awareness of their environment.
The main benefits to the physical development of children are the regulation of internal organs, strengthening the immune system and increasing flexibility-balance-power coordination. In addition, adolescence has been observed to be easier in children who begin to practice yoga regularly at an early age.
Spiritually, we can say that it makes the child calmer and more peaceful, recognizing and trusting themselves. Yoga makes the child conscious of becoming an adult full of love, tranquility and spirituality, and gives the child the desire and passion to explore constructive and result-oriented ways to get something.
As a conclusion, it is much more than yoga poses. It is a way for children to discover themselves. | <urn:uuid:b5e91f40-8dab-46be-9c9a-913a0e6e83f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kidsyogafun.com/why-kids-benefit-from-yoga/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.966485 | 502 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Individuals who have assets in excess of the allowable Medicaid limits have limited options today when it comes to qualifying for Medicaid. This most often comes up when older folks are trying to qualify for nursing home or other long-term coverage, since even those with a fair amount of assets can't afford the high cost of nursing homes.
The obvious option of giving away assets to others will result in Medicaid transfer penalties that will prevent the individual from qualifying for Medicaid for a period of time. This is true with giving away assets to most trusts as well.
Many people are under the mistaken belief that a transfer of an asset to a revocable trust will help the individual qualify for Medicaid. Assets held in a revocable trust are always treated as still being owned by the individual for purposes of Medicaid eligibility. The reason these transfers do not help with eligibility is because the individual still controls the asset in a revocable trust, either by retaining the right to revoke the trust or by retaining the power to control the disposition of the assets (for example, being able to spend the money), such as by acting as trustee of the revocable trust.
Before 1993, individuals trying to get Medicaid often created what were referred to as "Medicaid Qualifying Trusts." These were irrevocable trusts created by the individual and funded with the individual's assets. In some cases the individual was both the trustee and the beneficiary of the trust, and distributions to the beneficiary were to be made in the discretion of the trustee.
In cases where the trustee and the beneficiary were the same, the trust assets were treated as if there was no trust at all. Even though these trusts were irrevocable, the trustee had discretion to use the trust assets for the benefit of the beneficiary or the spouse of the beneficiary. This attempt to "control" assets after transferring them to the irrevocable trust resulted in Medicaid's disqualifying the beneficiary.
The name "Medicaid Qualifying Trust" is actually a misnomer, because such trusts actually serve to disqualify the individual from Medicaid. Many people, however, still think that putting assets into an irrevocable trust can qualify you for Medicaid. This is only true in some narrow circumstances (discussed below).
The basic rule for irrevocable trusts created today is that any asset in an irrevocable trust that the trustee can choose to give to the beneficiary will be treated as a countable resource by Medicaid. To the extent the trust does not allow for any distribution to the beneficiary, it will be treated as a transfer of resources subject to Medicaid's transfer penalty.
So while irrevocable trusts can protect assets from being counted by Medicaid (depending on whether the trustee has discretion to spend the assets), Medicaid will still count the transfer of the assets to the trust as a disqualifying transfer. Here's how it works.
Whenever there is an irrevocable trust with a discretionary clause established by the individual or the individual's spouse, and where the individual or the individual's spouse is a beneficiary, Medicaid will count some or all of the assets in the trust as available to the individual.
The assets that Medicaid will deem available to the beneficiary and/or the spouse are those that are subject to the trustee's discretionary power (Medicaid will assume the trustee will exercise maximum discretion to distribute the assets to the beneficiary or the spouse). Where the trustee lacks discretion to distribute assets, those assets will not be counted as resources for Medicaid purposes.
Unfortunately, however, the assets not counted as resources will be subject to a transfer penalty that will disqualify the beneficiary from Medicaid for a period of time. And since 2005, this penalty period starts when the individual applies for Medicaid, not when the transfer was made. Read about how long the Medicaid transfer penalty lasts.
Note that some irrevocable trusts contain assets of the individual and a spouse along with resources that belong to other individuals. In these situations, Medicaid will determine the individual's proportionate share. Any distribution that is not made to others that is not for the benefit of the individual will be considered to be a transfer of resources, and Medicaid will impose a penalty period.
Medicaid rules does allow some irrevocable trusts to own assets transferred by an individual even if the individual is also a beneficiary. In other words, assets in these irrevocable trusts will not subject the individual to a transfer penalty and the assets will not be counted as available resources. These irrevocable trusts are referred to as "special purpose trusts."
Federal law has created these special trusts that are allowed to hold assets transferred by the individual Medicaid beneficiary. For the value of those assets will not be considered when determining eligibility for Medicaid, they must be distributed according to specific rules established by statute. These two types of special purpose trusts are: | <urn:uuid:1cced8a5-046e-4b01-b988-5ac7ceadac44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/are-revocable-irrevocable-living-trusts-useful-qualifying-medicaid.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.960962 | 969 | 1.984375 | 2 |
NEBOSH International General Certificate
ABOUT THE COURSE
NEBOSH International General Certificate is a globally recognized health and safety qualification intended for companies or individuals working to international standards with regards to Health, Safety & Environment. This course focuses on the International Labor Standards (ILO) codes of practice. Upon successful completion of the certificate, delegates can apply for a membership with Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) and/or International Institute of Risk and Safety Management (IIRSM) as its qualification meets the academic requirements for Technician Membership (Tech IOSH) of IOSH and Associate membership (AIIRSM) of the IIRSM.
Who Should Register For This CourseThis course is suitable for individuals who aspire to gain health & safety knowledge on how to manage risks and hazards in any area of any business. It is also particularly suitable for individuals who are interested to embark on a career in the Health, Safety and Environment.
The syllabus is divided into 3 units, (1) Management of International Health and Safety; (2) Control of International Workplace Hazards; and (3) International Health and Safety Practical Application. Each of the first two units is further divided into a number of elements. There are 13 elements which cover a range of workplace hazards and methods of control and are as follows:
UNIT – IGC 1: Management of International Health and Safety
Element 1: Foundations in health and safety
Element 2: Health & Safety Management Systems – Plan
Element 3: Health & Safety Management Systems – Do
Element 4: Health & Safety Management Systems – Check
Element 5: Health & Safety Management Systems – Act
UNIT – GC2
Control of International Work Place Hazards
- Work place hazards and risk control.
- Transport hazards and risk control
- Musculoskeletal Hazards and Risk Control.
- Work Equipment – Hazards and Risk Control
- Electrical Safety
- Fire Safety
- Chemical and Biological Health Hazards and Risk Control
- Physical and Psychological Health Hazards and Risk Control.
UNIT – GC3
Health & Safety Practical Application
Unit IGC3 is assessed by practical examination carried out in the candidate’s own workplace.
The assessment must normally be taken within 14 days of a written examination.
Course Duration And Assessment
The training is spread over 10 days plus 1 day for examinations. There will be written examinations which constitutes paper 1 (Management of International Health and Safety) and paper 2 (Control of International Workplace Hazards), each lasting 2 hours. Participants must achieve the minimum pass standard in all examinations and assessment to be awarded the NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety.
Click here to download the brochure. | <urn:uuid:8db2d447-a934-4780-b078-c61fdf737264> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.slcgrouponline.com/training/nebosh-international-general-certificate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.881685 | 565 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Comentario en el SMP sobre la confusión de que la tasa de interés es el precio del dinero. También con algún insight de donde proviene este error en el sistema keynesiano.
The notion that the interest rate is the price of money is seriously misled. As I move forward with my lectures on the Keynesian system, this is something that I want to make clear to my students. Certainly, when evaluating the Keynesian model, we need to understand what the model says (and what it does not say), but unfortunately, textbooks do not always tackle controversial issues. This is an example of the perpetuation of errors and misconceptions by textbooks. To see this for yourself, simply open a random macroeconomics textbook and read what it has to say about the classical economists– then, open a book actually written by a classical economist and compare what the two have to say. | <urn:uuid:63c3061f-a927-4eee-b483-f4a7cd283c00> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://puntodevistaeconomico.com/2015/02/15/smp-no-the-interest-rate-is-not-the-price-of-money/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.764186 | 196 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Dream word – GROW
“Her uncleanness is in her skirts; She did not consider her destiny; Therefore her collapse was awesome; She had no comforter. ‘O Lord, behold my affliction, For the enemy is exalted!’” NKJV
A consideration of destiny or saving and shaping
The current commercials on television tell me that with the cost of one cup of coffee per month, I can help save the lives of ten million children each year. That’s pretty dramatic? That’s pretty wonderful. It got me thinking though, I mean what would those countries do with ten million more children per year?
There is no question that life should be saved, especially if it is saved so cheaply. However, it is just not enough to stop there, for the challenges that saved lives present are enormous. I helped my wife set up and run a crisis pregnancy centre and was involved in counselling some of the exceptionally young fathers, so I know that lives saved from an abortionist’s knife, though being precious and wonderful in themselves, nevertheless, present the parents, the wider family and the state, with some remarkable challenges of support, mentoring, training and releasing! Yes, of course we should save lives of all people created in the image of God, but it doesn’t stop there, it can’t stop there! It is easy to string a straight line from a starting point to an end point, but if all you have is a starting point, then all you have is a string that goes nowhere. We need to have an end game.
We have the same problem in the church. We sometimes are privileged to be involved in seeing people saved among us but we don’t really have an end game for them. Yes I tell you, if having Christ formed in us is simply a matter of getting folks to read their Bible a few minutes in a morning, then turn up at all our meetings, sit up and listen, shut up and pay up, then we do not have an end game, we do not have a destination to pin our line on.
This happens in the church, mostly because we as individuals do not have a destination, a personal destiny if you will, We are not travelling along a straight line from good beginnings to achieved destiny. If that is the case for most of us, then just how can we assist others in finding and pursuing their own manifest destiny in Jesus?
It seems to me that if you save a life, you also have the duty to shape a life. I think so and in light of that, I shall leave you with these challenging thoughts tonight: Where are you going? How are you going to get there? How is your shaping of your own life, as well as the lives of other people you are somewhat responsible for, well, how is it going? Consider your destiny and the destiny of those you give help bring into life, for if you do not, the dizzy and meandering collapse of you and those individuals will be awful and only the enemy shall be exalted when that happens. So, just what is your manifest destiny in life? Find it, then pursue it.
Listen: “See, O Lord, and consider! To whom have You done this? Should the women eat their offspring, The children they have cuddled?” - Lamentations 2:20 NKJV
Pray: Lord, help us to have such a seen destiny for ourselves and for those we give life to, that we would pray and plan, sow and reap, step and keep, on Your chosen, directed path of growth for us. Help us to be wise in this, that we might never have to end up consuming ourselves in irrelevance and eating our own offspring with directionless and unfruitful living, in Jesus name I pray, amen.
Click HERE to find out about how we are reaching 16,500 CITIES in the 250 Nations of the Whole World! | <urn:uuid:96244558-43f7-4b65-9529-07939c775d3d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.crosswalk.com/devotionals/night-whispers-with-pastor-victor-robert-farrell/night-whispers-feb-27-2014.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00157-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969432 | 818 | 1.632813 | 2 |
North Korea Drives Space Program Forward - Report
Increased activitiy in one of North Korea's space launch pads suggests future tests with larger rockets, according to a US analyst institute.
According to the US-Korea Institute at the Johns Hopkins University, there has been great progress in the Tonghae space center since October 2012.
Referring to satellite images, the institute says it suspects that technology from Iran might have contributed to the progress, as the design of units resembles that at an Iranian facility.
According to the North 38 website as quoted by the BBC, North Korea continues building a new pad to launch rockets significantly larger than the Unha-3 launched in December 2012.
The official goal of the rocket was to launch an observation satellite, but countries such as the US have feared that Pyongyang is really developing long-range ballistic missiles.
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Absolute Value Publications is a company which publishes all kinds of high quality books. Absolute Value Publications is most famous for its’ mathematics book series and solution manuals for both students and teachers.
The iWriteMath Series books are resources for the mathematics curriculum in Alberta and British Columbia. Each curricular topic is sub-divided into individual lessons. Most lessons can be covered in one hour plus homework time, but some may require more time to complete.
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- the answers to assignment questions | <urn:uuid:d18f136b-4cce-433b-893c-c68fbe73dae5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.absolutevaluepublications.com/AVPExplaination.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.932536 | 299 | 1.90625 | 2 |
New Complete Guide to Band Saws
New Complete Guide to Band SawsNew Complete Guide to Band Saws REVISED by Mark Duginske.
This essential guide to woodworking's most versatile tool includes a thorough analysis on everything needed to know in order to purchase, setup, use, and maintain a band saw. This book details what woodworkers need to know before purchasing a saw--including the eight questions to ask before buying a used saw--along with topics such as a part-by-part overview of every component of the saw, techniques of set-up and alignment, choosing the right blade, and understanding hand positioning to provide any woodworker with the most complete guide to a band saw. Special sections are devoted to band saw accessories, how to deal with common problems, and how to maintain a band saw to keep it running effectively and efficiently for.
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Chief Master Sgt. of the Air Force JoAnne S. Bass stands during a demonstration at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, March 22, 2022. Bass watched 379th Expeditionary Security Forces Squadron members demonstrate the “shoot, move, communicate” range that sharpens skills and reinforces the tactics they use to protect the base. (U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Jacob Dastas)
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Lacan goes to the opera
Later Lacan scandalised everyone during a lecture at the Massachusetts Instititute of Technology by the way he answered a question about thought put to him by Noam Chomsky. 'We think we think with our brains,' said Lacan. 'But personally I think with my feet. That's the only way I really come into contact with anything solid. I do occasionally think with my forehead, when I bang into something. But I've seen enough electroencephalograms to know there's not the slightest trace of a thought in the brain.' When he heard this, Chomsky concluded that the lecturer must be a madman. The appearance of an English translation of Elisabeth Roudinesco's biography of Lacan affords an excellent opportunity to ponder the question of whether Chomsky, a shrewd judge of many forms of autocratic imperialism, was right about Freud's most celebrated French follower.
Jacques Lacan was a phenomenon of the extraordinary intellectual life of France which grew up during the late 1960s. Almost unheard of for most of his life and a virtual nonentity within the international psychoanalytic movement, he was suddenly elevated to the rank of a maître à penser at the age of 65 with the appearance of Ecrits, a large volume of his papers on psychoanalytic themes. In these writings, and throughout his career as a charismatic intellectual prophet, Lacan proclaimed himself as the leader of a 'return to Freud'. Although Lacan's self-proclamation as Freud's true heir was credulously and eagerly accepted by many Parisian intellectuals, some early readers of Ecrits were puzzled. In the first place Lacan's work apppeared to be a chaotic amalgam of the ideas of Hegel, Saussure, Lévi-Strauss and others which, while presented under the cover of psychoanalytic terminology, bore scarcely any resemblance to the original theories of Freud. In the second place (and it was this which made it difficult to pin down Lacan's astonishing divergence from Freud) Lacan's writings were frequently opaque to the point of incomprehensibility. Even Lacan's own followers will often readily admit that they find large portions of his work quite unintelligible. The situation was perhaps best summed up by an advertisement for a psychoanalytic magazine which appeared in France shortly before Lacan's death in 1981: 'January 1980. There are thousands of people who do not understand Lacan. In 1950 there were only twenty or thirty.'
During his lifetime Lacan became notorious not only for the obscurity of his prose but also for the shortness of his treatment sessions. Latterly these sessions lasted between three and ten minutes with one of Lacan's patients paying £110 for a session which lasted barely a minute and was conducted at the entrance of his apartment through a door barely ajar. Yet, although Lacan has been repeatedly denounced as an 'intellectual terrorist' not only by orthodox psychoanalysts, but also by some of his former students, his reputation has survived and he is introduced on the dustjacket of Elisabeth Roudinesco's biography as 'one of the foremost intellectuals of the century'.
Roudinesco herself was once a member of Lacan's inner circle and her portrait of him is a kind of embarrassed hagiography which has been imperfectly disguised as a contribution to psychoanalytic pluralism. But although in this gloomy church of a book she is able to achieve no critical perspective on the Master, sufficient light is cast by the candles she reverently sets before her subject to enable us to make out the human being behind the saintly statue.
Jacques Lacan, even by Roudinesco's all but doting account, was a tyrant by the time he was ten, 'wilful and domineering, constantly asking [his parents] for food or money or presents on the grounds that he was the eldest.' Brought up in an atmosphere of stifling religiosity, he rejected God and set out to become a psychiatrist only to fall under the influence of a series of tyrannical teachers whose vast confidence was in inverse proportion to their actual understanding of human nature.
Lacan seems above all to have been one of those intellectuals who have become completely unhinged from their own emotional life and from ordinary human relationships. The tragic predicament of such thinkers is that, driven by terrifying feelings of insecurity and emptiness, they mistakenly conclude that intellectual truths can be an adequate substitute for emotional warmth. Craving distinction, and imagining that abstract intellectual formulations can alone fill the void they feel within them, they develop a voracious appetite for such formulations, anorexically judging their goodness by the degree of difficulty or abstraction they possess. Believing that what they have devoured is intrinsically nourishing, they are impelled to share their 'truths' with others. Like a starving man who compels others to eat the diet of stones he believes has saved him, they give abundantly of their poverty out of a genuine conviction that they are enriching others.
Lacan's own need to feed upon the stones of difficult intellectual truth was certainly not satisfied by his reading of Freud. In an intellectual culture which was both anti-German and anti-semitic, and therefore deeply suspicious of psychoanalysis, he took upon himself the project which others had started - that of creating a distinctively 'French' version of psychoanalysis which would reflect the Cartesian spirit and be both more rigorous and more cerebral.
Progressively he pushed psychoanalysis upwards into a realm of almost complete philosophical abstraction, marrying it improbably with a series of ideas drawn from Jakobson, Saussure and Lévi-Strauss and declaring that the unconscious was structured like a language. This strategy proved highly effective, for it meant that psychoanalysis could be caught up in one of the most powerful of all twentieth-century intellectual currents - structuralism. In 1964, Louis Althusser, already established as a charismatic Marxist ideologist, ended a period of immersion in structuralist thought by producing an article entitled 'Freud and Lacan', in which he paid homage to the latter. The article had the effect of transforming Lacan's intellectual fortunes almost overnight.
The publication of Lacan's Ecrits soon followed and from this point on his texts were pored over and expounded by Althusser's students and colleagues at the Ecole Normale Supérieur. Meanwhile Lacan's Paris seminar gained a sudden access of prestige and became, in the words of one commentator, 'a glittering socio-intellectual occasion' - a kind of abstruse secular mass which those who saw themselves as intellectual revolutionaries, and who wished to be initiated into the deeper mysteries, felt compelled to attend.
The reasons why so many submitted to Lacan's ideas are complex. In the first place Lacan's words did contain all kinds of fractured meanings which, rotated in the kaleidoscope of structuralism, appeared both fascinating and profound. Even more important was the seductive power of Lacan's personality, which was first projected in his seminar and then transferred to his writings. In 1967 Didier Anzieu, a former student of Lacan, condemned his teacher for keeping his students tied to an 'unending dependence on an idol, a logic or a language, by holding out the promise of fundamental truths to be revealed but always at some further point, and only to those who continue to travel with him.' Jacque Brosse, in his review of Ecrits, wrote this: 'The whole, let us say so immediately - is overwhelmingly impressive, because it is impenetrable. It is above all to be feared that in the face of an obscurity this aggressive, intellectual snobs, who are masochistic by nature, will forge a success for J. Lacan without having read him.'
These words come close to the heart of the Lacanian phenomenon. For the urge towards self-humiliation in front of an ineffable wisdom is one of the most significant elements in our religious tradition. Mysteries have always been more powerful than explanations, and cerebral, abstract mysteries (laced intermittently if not with sex, at least with its linguistic shadow) are the most potent of all. Lacan, more than any modern intellectual, stumbled on a way of exploiting this aspect of our cultural psychology.
The ultimate emptiness of the mysteries which Lacan expounded in his seminars, and of his entire intellectual enterprise, is perhaps best conveyed by his last major project - in which, having already reduced human psychology to a series of pseudo-algebraic linguistic equations, he set out to discover the mathematical formulae ('mathemes') to which he believed all human psychology could be reduced. As equations, ratios, arrows and diagrams of complex knots covered the blackboard in the three-day meeting on mathemes which took place in 1976, many members of Lacan's audience felt guilty at understanding nothing or very little of something that, as one of them put it, 'everyone important seems to feel is so crucial'.
Elisabeth Roudinesco does not report this extraordinary seminar. But she does record one of the few observations of Lacan which might be regarded as an insight: 'Psychosis is an attempt at rigour. In this sense I would say that I am psychotic. I am psychotic for the simple reason that I have always tried to be rigorous.'
It is tempting to accept Lacan's own words and to find in them the definitive answer to Chomsky's question - that the lecturer who assured his MIT audience that he thought with his feet was indeed a madman. But to put matters like this would be to foster an illusion.
It would be better to recognise that Lacan reacted to his own personal predicament in the only way he could. Having rejected God and conceived a passionate hatred for his own family and his own origins, his life's project became that of turning himself into a God before whose ineffable and ultimately impenetrable wisdom others would prostrate themselves. To the extent that we have done just this, it is the sanity of our intellectual culture as a whole, and not only that of Lacan, which needs to be questioned.
New Statesman, July, 1997
© Richard Webster, 2002 | <urn:uuid:e48d47d8-4271-498f-9c7f-6500526a8fee> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.richardwebster.net/lacangoestotheopera.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00396-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975456 | 2,107 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Treatment with the class of chemotherapy drugs called anthracyclines improves survival in women with HER2-positive breast cancer who have previously had surgery, but it may not offer any benefit for women with HER2-negative tumors, according to a study published online December 25 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that treating early breast cancer with anthracycline-based chemotherapy improves disease-free and overall survival rates more than non-anthracycline-based regimens. However, the studies have demonstrated that anthracyclines may slightly increase the risk of heart damage and leukemia. Given these side effects, the greatest benefit of these regimens may be in women with breast tumors that overexpress HER2—a gene that is often amplified in tumors that respond to anthracyclines.
AdvertisementAlessandra Gennari, M.D., Ph.D., of the National Cancer Research Institute in Genoa, Italy, and colleagues compiled data from eight randomized controlled trials that compared anthracyclines and non-anthracyclines, and also reported HER2 status. Almost 30 percent of the patients' tumors overexpressed HER2.
Overall and among patients with HER2-positive tumors, anthracycline-based chemotherapy produced a greater reduction in the risk of relapse or death than non-anthracycline-based regimens. However, among patients with HER2-negative tumors, there was no difference in survival between the chemotherapy regimens.
"The absence...of any effect of anthracyclines observed in patients with HER2-negative disease suggests that this group of patients could be spared unnecessary toxic effects related to the use of this class of agents and raises questions as to the appropriateness of control arms in randomized clinical trials in which anthracycline-based regimens are used in unselected patient populations," the authors write.
In an accompanying editorial, Soonmyung Paik, M.D., of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project in Pittsburgh and colleagues point out that HER2 status alone may not be enough to determine who should receive anthracyclines, given the molecular differences among different subtypes of breast cancer.
"Optimization of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients diagnosed with breast cancer will depend on defining the baseline prognosis and chemosensitivity of each subclass of breast cancer beyond those crudely defined by HER2 status alone," the editorialists write. | <urn:uuid:4f3c9eb3-b94e-436e-8594-071efc28eac5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.medindia.net/news/Antracyclines-may-Be-the-Answer-to-HER2-positive-Breast-Cancer-31223-1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00476-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92416 | 515 | 2.125 | 2 |
Use the filters to see resources in a selected language, or use the search box to find what you need. Some resources can be ordered – check the resource entry for details.
This poster, in Punjabi, explains simple steps you can take to protect yourself and your community from respitory illnesses like COVID-19 and influenza.
This social GIF, in Punjabi, provides information about how you can protect yourself and your community from respiratory illnesses like COVID-19 and influenza.
This video, with Punjabi captions, explains that this winter your best protection against severe illness from COVID-19 and influenza is vaccination.
This brochure provides information about whooping cough (pertussis) vaccination in pregnancy.Part of a collection: Maternal vaccination Campaign (whooping cough)
This brochure, in Punjabi, provides information about influenza vaccination in pregnancy.Part of a collection: Maternal vaccination campaign (influenza)
This radio advertisement, in Punjabi, encourages people in Australia to stay healthy this winter by getting their flu shot and staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccinations. | <urn:uuid:45185ec0-6a5e-4c4f-9f25-ecda317f04de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.health.gov.au/resources/translated?f%5B0%5D=field_language%3A1101 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.870462 | 241 | 2.125 | 2 |
The Eguzkilore business was created in 2007 by the Zuluaga jewelers, whose trajectory of more than 50 years in the world of fine jewelry has earned them recognition from the National Association of Jewelers.
The birth of the brand is based in Basque mythology and the history of the sunflower, which Basque people used to hang in the doorway to their home for protection.
The Basque people traditionally believed that the sunflower possessed all of the beneficial properties of the sun, whose light was capable of shooing away spirits, storms, and any other material or immaterial danger that might be lurking outside.
The legend lives on through the stories handed down from generation to generation:
They say that the Lamias (mythological Basque personalities) came out at night to steal the little children from their homes, but in order to enter the house, they had to say how many petals were on the sunflower hanging on the door.
Because they didn’t know how to count very well and they confused themselves, the Lamias tried over and over again without ever giving the correct answer.
And so they went through the night until the first rays of sunlight forced them to leave.
And this is how the sunflower protected the family.
The Zuluaga jewelers are the architects of reviving this legend and converting it into jewelry line which now also includes fashion accessories. | <urn:uuid:d3e9f119-3fbe-4771-8af9-72a295eaddeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://verybilbao.com/en/comercios/joyerias-eguzkilore/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.963341 | 300 | 1.585938 | 2 |
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Thornton's Books Tolkien related titles
From Oregon, USA
Thornton's sent along the following note to me about new items they have available
The Making of the Lord of the Rings
One of a limited Edition of 100 Copies. Issued on the occasion of the centenary celebrations at Keble College Oxford. 1992, 8pp., text and covers on cream paper. This is one of the 12 copies in marbeld paper covered boards and linen spine with title label
Auden, W.H., C.S. Kilby and Others
Happy Birthday J. R. R. Tolkien
(Tolkien Journal Volume III No. I. ) Brooklyn, NY: Tolkien Society of America, 1967. The Tolkien Society of America was founded in 1965 (originally known as the New York Tolkien Society), its basic objective being "to further communication among all the Tolkien enthusuasts everywhere." Dick Plotz of Brooklyn, New York published the first issue of the Tolkien Journal in 1965; eventually Ed Meskys assumed management of both the Society and the Journal. Ed Meskys also organized the first Tolkien Society of America conventions in the late 1960s, and published the Society's occasional newsletter know as The Green Dragon. An early quarterly issue of what was probably the first American journal published for fans of J. R. R. Tolkien (The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings) and his fantasy books. Pictorial covers detached and with remnants of cello tape near the spine, small tear to right top of front cover This issue of the Tolkien Journal is probably the most desirable of the early issues, with articles contributed by W. H. Auden and C. S. Kilby, and a higher quality cover with original artwork by Ann Kruger. Contents include Good and Evil in The Lord of the Rings by W. H. Auden, Tolkien as Scholar and Artist by Clyde S. Kilby, Science Fiction Fans Salute Tolkien by Edmund R. Meskys, A Birthday Menu for Professor Tolkine by Nancy Smith. Also contains birthday greetings from Nan Scott, P. L. Travers, Howard Nemerov, Peter Beagle, Albert Vanderburg, Gilles Gerris, Houghton Mifflin, etc. 27 pp. \
Good and evil in the Lord of the Rings.
Oxford, 1993, 16pp., including the stiff front cover, issued originally as free insert for the 1992 catalogue Tolkien and Friends number 4, issued on the occasion of the centenary celebrations at Keble college, Oxford. this is one of the 26 copies marked A - Z for friends of the publisher, never made available in the trade. Printed on single sides, A-4 with bound-in front cover in 3 colours (initials W and A) on fine conqueror paper, bound in paper covered boards and a leather spine with the embossed letter P on front board. This edition also has a colophon which did not appear in the regular edition. The letter P also appears handwritten below this colophon. Actual year of publication was 1992.
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By Emma Batha
LONDON (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Somalia's next government should ensure a law is passed banning all forms of female genital mutilation (FGM), a U.N. official said on Tuesday, describing the deeply entrenched practice as a "horrendous rights violation".
Somalia has the world's highest rate of FGM with 98 percent of women between 15 and 49 having been subjected to the potentially deadly ritual.
A bill on FGM is sitting in parliament but is unlikely to be debated until next year because of elections expected this month in the Horn of Africa country.
Jeremy Hopkins, deputy representative for UNICEF in Somalia, said the U.N. children's agency was optimistic a law would eventually go through, but the details in it would be crucial.
"Our approach for the legislation is to go slow. We don't want to risk this being politicized," he said in an interview in London.
"We promote total abandonment of FGM, whereas there is a large part of public opinion in Somalia which will promote a milder form of FGM," he told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Most women in Somalia have undergone the severest form of FGM, known as infibulation, in which the external genitalia are sliced off and the vaginal opening sewn up.
The cutting is usually done by traditional circumcisers, sometimes using rusty and unsterilized instruments.
Hopkins said there was evidence that families were moving toward "a milder form of FGM", but that this was not something UNICEF condoned.
"I would say there has been quite a big shift in recent years away from infibulation to this lesser form," he added.
It is not clear whether the alternative form involves a small nick or the partial removal of the clitoris.
Hopkins said UNICEF was concerned that parents appeared to be increasingly taking their daughters to clinics to undergo FGM.
Campaigners say the "medicalisation of FGM" serves to legitimize the practice.
"It's still a horrendous rights violation and I would question the integrity of any health staff who undertake such (a procedure)," Hopkins said.
FGM often causes a host of health problems. In some cases girls may bleed to death or die from infections. Others may suffer fatal childbirth complications later in life.
However, the ancient ritual is widely considered a prerequisite for marriage in Somalia where uncut girls risk ostracisation.
Many also believe FGM is a religious obligation even though it is not mentioned in the Koran.
The northern semi-autonomous region of Puntland has led the way in tackling FGM with religious leaders issuing a fatwa against the practice at the end of 2013.
Hopkins said this was a significant step and would have been inconceivable a decade ago.
He hoped discussions on a fatwa could be restarted with religious leaders in the neighboring semi-autonomous region of Somaliland who have previously opposed issuing a decree.
Hopkins said he had met families in Somalia whose daughters had died from FGM and women whose lives had been destroyed by debilitating childbirth injuries related to FGM.
But he said even if parents understood the risks they often felt compelled to have their daughters cut.
"I remember 12 years ago a father saying, 'We get that it's bad for our daughters, but I want my daughter to have a husband. What are you going to do about that?'," Hopkins said.
UNICEF has therefore adopted an approach to encourage communities to give up FGM collectively through public declarations.
Hopkins said 120 villages had so far abandoned FGM meaning uncut girls would be able to find a husband within their communities.
(Editing by Katie Nguyen.; Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, which covers humanitarian news, women's rights, trafficking, corruption and climate change. Visit news.trust.org to see more stories.) | <urn:uuid:6b6814f3-26b4-491e-a8cc-2beb36308792> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.metro.us/news/somalia-urged-to-pass-law-banning-horrendous-fgm/Lmiphb---RALeraTmZtVN_9L71We4dQ/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00306-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975414 | 814 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Mr. Morin was an artistic goldsmith and jeweller in the Old French Quarter, and a man held in the highest esteem.
The other tent is from the Old French past participle of tendre, to stretch.
The beginning of the Old French War ended what we may call the first era of the pack-horse trade.
This was in the dark year 1744, only a few months previous to the outbreak of the Old French War.
Ne (alone) to express negation is a survival of the usage in Old French where ne (without pas) could be used generally.
One who provides or secures lodgings for another, from the Old French herbegtsr, whence harbor.
And now, in the heat of the Old French War, they might well be termed a martial people.
Cotton buyers of that sort were apt to have very comfortable furnished rooms in the Old French quarter.
The name Soar is from the Old French adjective sor, bright yellow.
Its qualities were reflected in the Latin versions, which in turn were drawn upon by the Old French rhyming romancers. | <urn:uuid:fac7664b-c17e-4e3f-8206-411c52525d3e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/old-french | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00085-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968835 | 232 | 3.015625 | 3 |
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How to Use Outdoor Fire Pits Safely
Outdoor fireplaces and fire pits are becoming a popular feature for many homes and gardens. But before you add an open fire source to your outdoor living area, it’s a good idea to keep some safety principles in mind. Here are a few tips to get you started.
1. Check your Intended Location for Hazards
Before you pick the perfect location for your fire pit, check and make sure that there are no safety issues that could cause a problem.
2. Only Use Recommended Fuels
3. Never Use an Outdoor Fire Pit Inside
Every year, accidents happen because someone thought that it would be pleasant to light their chiminea or fire pit inside.
Fire pits are only designed to work safely outside; don’t be tempted to test your luck.
4. Consider Using a Screen
A fire screen will help contain cinders and prevent people from coming too close to the open flames. This simple safety precaution could save you a lot of trouble in the long run.
5. Read your Fire Pit Manual Carefully.
The manufacturer of your outdoor fire pit will provide recommendations for the specific model that you have purchased. Be sure to read through these recommendations and to follow them closely before starting your first fire.
By following these simple guidelines, you can continue to enjoy the warmth and ambiance of an open fire, without putting your friends or family at risk.
Copyright © 2000-2017 Hints and Things
Hints and Things cannot be held responsible for any information given on this site nor do they necessarily agree with, or endorse, the views given by third parties. | <urn:uuid:daed76c2-7753-46f0-8793-6177051727aa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hintsandthings.co.uk/garden/firepits.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00277-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924527 | 354 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Finally-- here it is. You have been waiting to hear these words for years...or at least as long the zipper on your skinny jeans hasn't budged. The key to weight-loss success! It's not a shake, a supplement, or an exercise gizmo. You have it already, right at your finger tips.|
"I feel the most important action one can take when trying to lose weight is to keep a food diary," says SparkPeople dietitian Becky Hand. "Yes, it takes time to write down everything consumed during the day, but this in itself can curtail overeating and be vital for self-assessment and monitoring. Today, it is easier than ever with computer-based tools such as SparkPeople's free Food Tracker. A few clicks, and your results are known immediately!"
Studies show that people who keep food journals lose more weight and keep more of that weight off in the long run. The National Weight Control Registry–an ongoing research project tracking more than 3,000 people who’ve lost an average of 66 pounds and kept it off for five years–found that keeping a food journal is the one strategy used by the majority of successful dieters. In fact, in a study of 1,685 dieters conducted by a health insurance company, the best predictor of weight loss throughout the first year was the number of food records kept per week. Another recent study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that dieters who tracked their food intake in a "food diary" lost twice as much weight as those who didn't track their food.
This is why the Nutrition Tracker plays such a key role in the SparkDiet. It gives you a proven, fighting chance. If you're not yet a Nutrition Tracker user, try it out for a few days and see if it doesn't help you make better choices, too.
Why keep a food journal?
If you're beginning a program to change your habits, you may want to start with a baseline food journal that keeps track of a "typical" week of food choices and exercise. This way, you'll have a better handle on what you need to work on-- problem times or situations, circumstances that make it difficult to eat healthy, and so on. The level of detail you record depends on your goals, but some possible things to jot down include:
Keeping a food journal can make us uncomfortable because doing so forces us to recall things we’d rather not take note of—that chocolate shake we had for lunch, or that extra mound of mashed potatoes we regretted as soon we inhaled it. In other words: no pain, no gain. When you see the foods you’ve eaten listed in black-and-white, you can’t wish them away. But pain, even metaphorical pain, can be the impetus for change—and if used consistently, a food journal can be the instrument of that change. | <urn:uuid:b0354430-7d73-4349-bb10-7029371a21f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://llnw-orig.sparkpeople.com/resource/nutrition_articles.asp?id=394 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.964122 | 605 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Source: 1) Republic of Tukey Prime Ministry Directorate General of Press and Information
2) The Grand National Assembly of Turkey by Kasim ERDEM and Mehmet SOLAK
Compiled by Vishakh Krishnan Valiathan, Intern at MEI@ND
As part of its editorial policy, the MEI@ND standardizes spelling and date formats, to make the text uniformly accessible and stylistically consistent. The views expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views/positions of the MEI@ND. Editor, MEI@ND: P R Kumaraswamy
The legislative branch became a bicameral institution. The election for the Senate of the Republic was held on the same day according to majority system.
The d’Hondt Method was employed to determine the number of seats each political party would claim.
The Introduction of proportional representation for the first time in Turkey’s political history. The principle of secret ballot was used. The prospective senators were required to be at least 40 years old and to hold a college degree. | <urn:uuid:ad92f77a-86e2-4d45-88e0-9e33e7e9fcbf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.mei.org.in/factsheet-28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.929099 | 234 | 3.03125 | 3 |
LOS ANGELES — Local and state law enforcement agencies have made uneven progress in reducing a nationwide backlog of cases awaiting DNA analysis over the past four years, according to reports filed by more than 100 agencies with the National Institute of Justice.
The patchy results came despite stepped-up efforts by the federal government, including nearly $500 million in grants since 2004, to help crime laboratories reduce the backlog.
Victims’ rights groups and some law enforcement officials say the untested evidence, much of it stemming from sexual assault crimes, leaves open the possibility that thousands of criminal offenders have gone unpunished or are on the loose and committing new crimes.
“That’s always a concern,” said Sharon Papa, an assistant chief in the Los Angeles Police Department, “because, unfortunately, oftentimes rape is a serial crime.”Continue reading the main story
The problem seems most severe here in Los Angeles, where the Police Department has the largest known backlog, about 7,000 cases, including many with rape kits from sexual assaults.
The backlog comprises a mix of open cases and solved cases awaiting analysis and entry of DNA into state and national databases.
An audit released Monday by the Los Angeles city comptroller found that 217 backlogged cases here involved sexual assaults so old the 10-year statute of limitations had lapsed. The audit did not determine how many, if any, of those cases might have been prosecuted based on other evidence. The federal government has not quantified the country’s overall DNA evidence backlog since 2003, when it stood at 542,000 cases, but a researcher for Human Rights Watch who has studied the backlog, Sarah Tofte, estimates that it exceeds 400,000.
“People just assumed that we were testing every kit,” Chief Papa said, “and we were not.”
About 95 percent of state and local criminal cases are resolved through plea agreements, often before DNA analyses are completed. The police and prosecutors rely on confessions, witness testimony and physical evidence like fingerprints and ballistics.
Still, DNA remains the most sophisticated and reliable physical evidence, especially in cases with no named suspects or promising investigative leads.
Two weeks ago, President Bush signed a bill that includes an additional $1.6 billion over six years intended to speed DNA analyses by hiring temporary crime lab workers, providing overtime pay and renovating crime labs.
But many crime labs are disqualified from receiving more money because they have failed to spend previous financing in a timely manner. A report prepared for Representative Howard L. Berman, a Democrat representing a district in Los Angeles, found that the Police Department had spent less than half of the $4.4 million in federal money it received from 2004 to 2008. Los Angeles police officials said that they had spent or committed all but one-third of that money but that they had not properly recorded some expenditures.
The Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department spent less than half of its $4.9 million in grants, the report said. Law enforcement agencies blame several factors for the DNA backlogs, including restrictions on how the federal money can be spent, local staff shortages, bureaucratic delays and planning problems. Some agencies have also seen the demand for new DNA analyses outpace efforts to clear old cases, criminalists said.
Pete Marone, chairman of the Consortium of Forensic Science Organizations and director of the Virginia state crime lab, said staffing levels at crime labs had not kept pace with technological advances in DNA analysis.
“Police are starting to send us new work that we couldn’t have done before,” Mr. Marone said. “We can do ‘touch’ evidence now, utilizing DNA analysis to see whether a defendant even touched a weapon. We can get DNA evidence from steering wheels. We can go into a room and find drugs on the floor and we’ll be able to analyze those drugs to determine which hand threw them down on the floor.”
Criminalists said that other kinds of evidence occupied much of their time. Many crime labs facing hundreds of backlogged DNA cases have even more shelved fingerprint, serology, ballistics and drug evidence that needs to be tested.
“DNA really accounts for just 10 percent of the caseload in crime labs around the country,” Mr. Marone said. “The majority of our work is analyzing drugs.”
Processing of a DNA evidence sample takes about a week, said Larry Blanton, a criminologist for the Los Angeles Police Department.
After a sexual assault, the police try to collect biological material — blood, semen, saliva — from the victim and the crime scene. If DNA is found, a chemical process creates billions of copies. A machine then produces a profile of 13 unique markers, which are entered into state and national databases for matches. Each DNA sample costs about $1,500 to analyze, criminalists said.
About a quarter of the 105 local and state law enforcement agencies that received federal money to reduce their DNA backlogs beginning in 2004, when Congress first authorized the spending, were granted less money this year because they had failed to meet spending goals, according to the report prepared for Mr. Berman. In progress reports filed in January with the National Institute of Justice, about 40 of 82 agencies said their DNA case backlogs had increased or remained constant during the previous six months.
“Many places have not even counted their backlogs,” said Ms. Tofte, the researcher with Human Rights Watch.
In January, the Denver Police Department reported that it had used federal funds to process 13 cases last year, including eight rape kits, out of 934 backlogged cases. The Miami-Dade Police Department failed to spend any of the $200,000 it requested in 2007 to cut its DNA backlog, whose size was not reported to the federal government.
The West Virginia State Police reported that its DNA case backlog had grown to 697 cases by Dec. 31, 2007, from 560 cases in July 2007, despite receiving about $230,000 in federal money.
“Our backlog at its peak was around 730, and now we have about a 650-case backlog,” said Lt. Brent Myers, head of the state’s DNA analysis unit. “We haven’t been able to hire temporary employees as we would have liked, so that’s why it’s taken longer to spend that money.”
The federal grants can be used to outsource DNA testing or to hire temporary employees, but not permanent staff members.
Some police departments have done better. In New York City, a backlog of more than 17,000 DNA samples from sexual assault and homicide cases from 2001 to 2004 was brought under control when the Police Department hired additional criminalists to work more cases, added overtime, bought analysis equipment and hired private firms to process DNA.
Elsewhere, the backlog has haunted detectives, as it did in a rape case that Detective Tim Marcia of the Los Angeles Police Department worked 10 years ago. A 43-year-old legal secretary was raped in her home as her son slept in another room. The attacker forced the woman to destroy evidence by cleaning herself.
“Given the way everything happened,” Detective Marcia said, “I knew in my gut that this was a repeat offender and he was going to strike again.”
Detective Marcia said he had rushed the woman’s rape kit to the department’s crime lab but was told to expect a processing delay of more than a year. He drove the kit to the state’s DNA testing laboratory in Sacramento, about 350 miles north. But a backlog there prevented testing for four months.
During that time, the rapist broke into the homes of a pregnant woman and a 17-year-old girl and sexually assaulted them.Continue reading the main story | <urn:uuid:433229a7-d9b8-46da-b9bc-265ea72a1f70> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/25/us/25dna.html?pagewanted=all | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00505-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966633 | 1,624 | 1.601563 | 2 |
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Bombardment and Attacks
In January 2012, in Toroge, South Kordofan, we captured a satellite image of bomb attack aircraft mid-flight. We also captured images of smoke plumes on a ridge above the town from an apparent artillery barrage. Our report documented that Sudan Armed Forces, or SAF, created a checkpoint to block refugees from the main evacuation route out of the Kauda Valley.
How do we know who is attacking?
Through satellite imagery analysis, we can identify the artillery, aircraft, and transport vehicles used by SAF. For example, in November 2011, we noted attack aircraft based at El Obeid airbase, North Kordofan. Journalists on the ground in South Sudanese Guffa and Yida refugee camps reported bombing attacks. With information about the operational range of the aircraft (Antonov An-26 bombers), and the distance from the airbase to the points of attack, our analysts can infer that SAF was responsible for the attacks.
How do we know when the attacks take place?
It’s a before-and-after analysis exercise. We look at imagery from dates before the alleged attacks, and compares the landscape to newer imagery. This way, we can identify rapid troop build-up, craters consistent with either aerial or artillery bombardment, and burned structures consistent with razing.
Additionally, on-the-ground eyewitness reports and photography help us pinpoint exact dates and locations of attacks.
What do craters look like? How do you know they’re from bombs?
Not only can we identify bombing craters, but the size, shape and spacing of craters give us clues as to the nature of the attacks. For example, in a December report, we noted that the pattern of the craters in clear lines indicates the attacking aircraft flew at a low altitude and at a slow speed. Additionally, the large distance between the sets of craters is consistent with either multiple aircraft bombing at once, or the same aircraft performing multiple bombing runs over that location.
Reports and Imagery Related to Bombardment and Attacks
10/26/12 - Sitrep: Explosions in Khartoum | <urn:uuid:4925296c-34d1-47ae-a978-7d7d75b19de0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.satsentinel.org/documenting-the-crisis/bombardment-and-attacks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00360-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943143 | 451 | 3.375 | 3 |
Medical & Healthcare Bearings
Bearings for Medical Applications
Bearings Direct supplies bearings for medical applications including imaging equipment, automated lab equipment, as well as hospital care and surgical equipment. We have a large selection of medical & healthcare bearings in-stock available for purchase today. You can browse our selection of bearings using the links above.
Types of Bearings
Most medical equipment must undergo sterilization using harsh chemicals that can wear and erode bearings over time. This is why choosing the right bearings is crucial to ensuring a long service life of the medical machinery & equipment.
Common bearings utilized in the healthcare field include:
- Miniature Ball Bearings: small bearings with bore sizes between 1 and 10 mm or up to half an inch. We offer both inch and metric sizes that meet ABEC7 precision class.
- Instrument Ball Bearings: instrument ball bearings are precision ball bearings that must be ABEC5 and higher while meeting two or more of the requirements listed below:
- Low or uniform starting/running torque
- Definite contact angle and/or preload
- High cleanliness standards are met
- Smooth Operation/Vibration Limitations
- Linear Bushing Bearings: linear bushing bearings allow for smooth linear motion through the use of ball bearings
- Needle Roller Bearings: needle roller bearings are designed to perform under harsh conditions and feature a higher load-carrying capacity
- Thrust Ball Bearings: bearings that can carry axial loads alone. We offer single row thrust ball bearings in both miniature and regular three-piece configurations
In choosing the proper bearing for your application, there are several factors to take under consideration, such as:
- High Speed
- Low Noise
- Service Life
- Resistance to Harsh Environments
- Healthcare Regulations/Specifications
Applications Within Healthcare
The aforementioned bearings can be used for a number of specific applications within healthcare. For example:
- Imaging Equipment
- Automated Lab Equipment
- Rotary Lab Machines
- Robotic Workstations
- Hospital Care & Surgical Equipment
- Exam Tables
- Surgical Lights
Why Bearings Direct?
Bearings Direct has been a bearings supplier since 1997 focusing on high-quality, high-performance products for a range of industries throughout the U.S. and worldwide, including the medical industry. From single bearings to wholesale orders, we can rapidly accommodate all bearing orders with an excellent service team. We ensure you receive the right bearing at the best price in the shortest time period.
For more information on how our team can supply bearings for your medical application, contact us today. | <urn:uuid:f3193cf2-b53b-4654-9702-58bfe9f46913> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bearingsdirect.com/industries/medical-and-healthcare-bearings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.915986 | 549 | 1.640625 | 2 |
The evergreen shrubs have provided a touch of colour to the garden through the wet grey winter season but now the snowdrops are bringing the garden to life with their delicate nodding white flower heads. The Hellebore are also adding much neded colour.
The buds on roses and clematis are showing signs of growth as well.
It will be soon time to start pruning them in order to get healthy new growth for the season ahead.
With the garden advice CD-ROM reminding me where each plant is in my garden I’ll know precisely what pruning technique each one needs and my notes will remind me where each one is (as they will all look alike at this stage). This is a great help especially with pruning my clematis, pruning fruiting trees and roses.
Some birds like the tits have found the nest boxes and are starting to protect their territory from intruders.
I have left the pampas grass fronds for the House Sparrows to line their nests. Using Pampas fronds is a learned behaviour as I learned when I was filming ‘The Secret Garden’ for the BBC. Not all House Sparrows with use pampas fronds but being social when they see one Sparrow doing it they all soon catch on to the idea.
The robin has claimed the bird feeders as his own and sees of anything that flies close though it’s a loosing battle with the large number of Tits, Dunnocks and Black birds all coming in to feed.
I did a test and the fat balls are the bird’s preferred food, followed by the loose seed mix flowed by the solid seed mix. The fat balls apparently have the added benefit as the fat oils their beaks.
I’ve raked the detritus from the lawn to allow light and put the moss under the hedges for the birds to find and line their nests. I don’t rake up all the leaves in autumn as the worms will take most of what I leave underground to feed on and this in turn feeds the grass rots.
If you have a small garden, here are some suggestions for Container Plants for spring | <urn:uuid:456bbe56-7009-479b-9c51-258d35325ac9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://completegarden.wordpress.com/2008/01/30/home-garden-spring-is-in-the-air/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00132-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958567 | 450 | 2.125 | 2 |
The site that was one of the first to raise the alarm about the Heartbleed OpenSSL security bug was also among the first to get overconfident about how dangerous it could be, and get stung for it. On April 11, CloudFlare, Inc. -- one of the sites who got the news about Heartbleed early so it could fix its own code before the flaw became public knowledge -- announced that its coders had tried for two weeks to use the flaw to extract a private key from their own server, with no success. Other researchers had been able to pull usernames and passwords, browser cookies, site-administrator logins, and any other data that had recently been read into a vulnerable server's memory, but no one had been able to get a server's X.509 private encryption key -- the secret part of the public/private key encryption model on which most encryption of messages depend on the Internet.
"After extensive testing on our software stack, we have been unable to successfully use Heartbleed on a vulnerable server to retrieve any private key data," CloudFlare researcher Nick Sullivan wrote in an April 11 blog asking the Internet to have a go at the same problem -- and at a CloudFlare server with the Heartbleed flaw. "If it is possible, it is at a minimum very hard. And, we have reason to believe based on the data structures used by OpenSSL and the modified version of NGINX that we use, that it may in fact be impossible."
It took less than three hours for Moscow-based Node.js programmer Fedor Indutny to extract the private key, using an @node.js script, which he used to send 2.5 million queries in the hope one would come back with the key.
It took the second winner, Ilkka Mattila, at NCSC-FI, nine hours and 100,000 requests. There were two more winners by the end of Saturday, April 12. By the end of the day, anyone clicking on the URL for Heartbleed Challenge, which CloudFlare put up to host the project, got a response saying the server's X.509 certificate had been revoked and its identity could no longer be confirmed.
CloudFlare pulled the certificate itself, according to a follow-up blog from Sullivan naming the winners. He explained that CloudFlare pulled the certificate as part of its own remediation effort, which was extended to include revoking and reissuing the certificates for its own sites and those of its customers. CloudFlare executives had hoped to avoid the effort and cost of replacing the certificates, as well as inevitable errors from the inconsistent, often convoluted process of not only replacing old certificates with new, but actively revoking the old certificates and making the revocation stick. | <urn:uuid:b34564c8-9632-411e-b292-0f2002fd09d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1321915 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00025-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97165 | 571 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Video game testers are experts who test video games to detect bugs and errors in different levels of the game. They work alongside game designers and programmers to ensure a game works flawlessly before they send the game out to the market. Video game testers play an important role in the industry of gaming.
While the game is still under the development period, video game testers make list of the bugs and glitches of the game as they play it. They give the best gaming experience to those who would buy the game. Video game testers perform the quality assurance part of the video game industry by focusing on the game details to effectively document and any glitches or bugs. Video games testers are also required to play the game and attempt to go to locations unanticipated by the designers.
Education and Training Requirements:
Although there are companies who prefer a Bachelor’s degree for the position, others hire those who have the same technical capabilities as their general consumer. Psychology and computer science courses will also come in handy in becoming a video game tester especially if you are interested in advancement. Also, there are schools specializing solely in the study of digital entertainment such as Gaming, Game Testing, and Test Management and DigiPen.
Knowledge and Skills Requirements:
Video game testers need to very observant along with good analytical and logical reasoning abilities. Strong oral and written communication skills will also be very helpful in properly performing the tasks. They should be focused and must have an eye for details to site all errors present on a certain game they are working on. Lastly, enthusiasm and patience is very important in the position for it may be repetitive.
Video game testers often work in game development office. The job can be a lot of fun. However, it can also be very monotonous. They have to render long hours as well as night and weekends especially during deadlines. At the early stage of the game development, video game testers renders the usual 40 hours a week. The working hours drastically change as the game reaches its completion.
The salary of a video game tester ranges from $40 to $150 an hour. As you gain more experience the compensation also increases. Video game testers employed in large companies enjoy normal employee benefits such as paid leaves and vacations. | <urn:uuid:c9ae4183-b358-42d5-a915-66b4397f6d0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greatsampleresume.com/job-description/examples/computer-software/video-game-tester | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.967936 | 466 | 2.0625 | 2 |
In September this year, new legislation came into effect in Victoria which allows couples to adopt regardless of their sex or gender identity.
The legislation provides equality to LGBTIQ couples who can now adopt under the same circumstances and safeguard parameters as heterosexual couples.
Special Counsel, Rachell Davey, said, "The paramount consideration of a court when determining whether to allow an adoption application is always what is in the best interests of the child. This new legislation will allow more families to adopt and, therefore, better opportunities for children to be matched with the best possible family for them.
"It also means that LGBTIQ parents are now able to legally formalise their parenting rights by adopting their children. This is particularly important, as being legally recognised as a parent gives you the right to make important decisions for your child including in relation to schooling, medical care and religion, among other things." | <urn:uuid:578b365e-f3a5-4f76-97fc-8e22254444ab> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=ff752e67-a1a0-46f4-afb8-cf2f8df94bd2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00518-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952861 | 178 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Michigan officials approve 7 historical markers
The Michigan Historical Commission has approved seven new historical markers throughout the state, including a replacement marker for the Capitol building in Lansing.
Other locations that were approved for markers include: housing for Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts on Mackinac Island; a Native American church near Petoskey; the first African American church on Detroit's west side; and an ice house in Marshall. Over the next several months, the green and gold signs will be purchased and erected by sponsors, joining more than 1,700 other markers scattered across Michigan and out-of-state locations.
The commission also accepted applications for new markers at four other locations, including a TV station in Detroit and the historic district in downtown Buchanan. The eventual approval of those applications is dependent on professional historians at the Michigan Historical Center, who will confirm research, work with sponsors to draft marker texts and make recommendations for final approval at an upcoming commission meeting.
The Michigan Historical Marker program, which was founded in 1955, is dedicated to chronicling significant people, places and events that have played a role in Michigan's heritage. | <urn:uuid:d344a774-9dbc-45ca-94b8-14fdc017b408> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2014/12/17/michigan-historical-markers/20556869/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.962463 | 224 | 2.59375 | 3 |
|Biographies of New Blesseds - 2013|
The following Blessed was beatified under Francis in 2013:
21 April 2013
Bl. Nicolò Rusca (1563- 1618)
Out of his 31 years of priesthood (1587-1618) Fr Nicolò Rusca — the priest who was beatified on Sunday, 21 April in Sondrio, in the Italian Alps, by Cardinal Angelo Amato, Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, on Pope Francis' behalf — spent two (1599-90) [sic] living as parish priest in Sessa-Monteggio, Canton Ticino, Switzerland. For 29 years he was Archpriest in Sondrio (1691 [sic], with his official entry in 1618) and wonderfully impersonated the ideal character of the Gospel shepherd of souls (Jn 10:11-18), outlined a few years earlier by the Council of Trent (1545-63) and reaffirmed by the Second Vatican Council.
There are three fundamental aspects of a pastor of souls as zealous as Archpriest Nicolò Rusca. In the first place came his sound cultural and theological training for the priesthood; secondly, the fascinating exemplarity of a holy life; lastly, his unflagging pastoral zeal. This is the most emphasized and impressive dimension that documentary and testimonial proof has passed down to us about Rusca and it should be juxtaposed with the documentation of his death as a martyr.
For Rusca the years 1608 and 1609 were years of adversity and persecution. In these years he underwent two trials and experienced prison, escape, contumacy, the payment of a fine: all events that convinced him to view as the enemies of reformers: sectarians, because in these trials he was later recognized to be innocent; perpetrators of violence, because they were young radical and aggressive Calvinists, determined "to exterminate the Catholic faith" also in the Valtellina. And the obvious target of the Calvinist preachers was naturally the Archpriest of Sondrio, who could not but realize that sooner or later the persecution might lead to his martyrdom. Yet in spite of this possibility he continued to carry out his mission as a zealous pastor, as a champion professing the Catholic faith, even with the famous disputes. For the Calvinists, his enemies, he was the "great devil"; the minister of the new Babylon, Papist Rome!
What exacerbated and aroused the Calvinists' hostility was above all his determined and active opposition to the creation in Sondrio of a reform school open to Catholic youth, for the unstated purpose of disseminating Protestant texts in the Valtellina, a hotbed of heresy. He opposed this institution and its consequent failure was because the Catholic youth, obedient to their beloved pastor, did not attend the school. This marked the beginning of the countdown to his martyrdom.
*Postulator for the cause of Canonization
Weekly Edition in English
24 April 2013, page 9
L'Osservatore Romano is the newspaper of the Holy See.
The Cathedral Foundation
Provided Courtesy of: | <urn:uuid:e55d1b15-c455-4008-9a6d-edd9490c1291> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ewtn.com/library/MARY/bios2013.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00071-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96687 | 655 | 1.640625 | 2 |
There is also a relay output to connect to other equipment: NC, COM and NO.
This kit uses ultrasonic waves to detect movement in an area, then triggers a relay.
It has delay on and delay off included in the circuit.
– Frequency Range: 40kHz adjustable
– Detection Range 1 – 15 feet (adjustable)
– Relay Output: NO, COM, NC (Form C) 3A max.
– Power Requirement: 12VDC
– Consumption: 37mA.(stand by), 80mA.(working)
– Delay on : 10 sec.
– Delay off : adjustable 10 seconds to 1 minute
– Detect range : 1 to 5 m.
– PCB dimensions : 2.60 x 3.19 inches.
How it works:
This circuit can be divided in to two parts. Transmitter and Receiver.
The transmitter consists of IC3/2 and IC3/3 (frequency generator 40kHz) using R22, R23, C16 and VR4.
VR4 is used to adjust the frequency (40kHz).
This frequency will be fed to amplifier circuit which inverts the phase of the output.
The receiver section and control.
Any reflected sound is detected by the ultrasonic receiver.
The signal is then amplified by IC4, TR2 and IC2/1.
VR2 and VR3 are used to adjust the sensitivity of detector.
The sound is amplified and fed to the comparator circuit (IC2/2 and IC2/3) which detects positive and negative pulses.
If IC2/2 or IC2/3 detects any pulse, the output goes high. As long as the input remains stable the output goes low.(D6 or D7).
The signal is fed to pin 5 of IC2/4 (comparator circuit) which compares the signal between pin 5 and pin 6. C5 (delay off time).
If the voltage at pin 5 is more than pin 6, the output at pin 7 will go high and drive TR1.
IC3/4 is configured as delay on 10 seconds which depends on R3 and C3 (time delay).
You can have a load through the relay of 10Amps at 120vAC, 5Amps at 220vAC. | <urn:uuid:207a4d0b-a79e-4b9a-a3da-e4a03ca76a03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dyn-circuits.com/product/ultrasonic-detector-sensor-kit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.88204 | 480 | 2.5 | 2 |
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
Adobe ImageReady CS2 running on XP. The "Edit in Photoshop" button discussed in the article is visible at the very bottom of the toolbox.
|Initial release||July 1998|
CS2 (9.0) / 2005
|Operating system||Windows and OS X|
|Type||Bitmap graphics editor|
Adobe ImageReady is a discontinued bitmap graphics editor that was shipped with Adobe Photoshop for six years. It was available for both Windows and OS X platforms from 1998 to 2007. ImageReady was designed for web development and closely interacted with Photoshop.
ImageReady was designed for web development rather than effects-intensive photo manipulation. To that end, ImageReady has specialized features such as animated GIF creation, image compression optimization, image slicing, adding rollover effects, and HTML generation.
Photoshop versions with which ImageReady was released have an "Edit in ImageReady" button that enables editing of image directly in ImageReady. ImageReady, in turn, has a "Edit in Photoshop" button.
ImageReady has strong resemblances to Photoshop; it can even use the same set of Photoshop filters. One set of tools that does not resemble the Photoshop tools, however, is the Image Map set of tools, indicated by a shape or arrow with a hand that varied depending upon the version. This toolbox has several features not found in Photoshop, including:
- Toggle Image Map Visibility and Toggle Slice Visibility tools: toggle between showing and hiding image maps and slices, respectively
- Export Animation Frames as Files option: saves all or specified frames for an alternate use, e.g., to e-mail slides for review
- Preview Document tool: provides a preview of rollover effects in ImageReady rather than previewing them in a browser
- Preview in Default Browser tool: previews the image in a browser, including any rollover or animation effects
- Edit in Photoshop button: opens the current image in Photoshop
Adobe ImageReady 1.0 was released in July 1998 as a standalone application. ImageReady was packaged with Photoshop versions 2.0 through 9.0 (CS2). Starting with Photoshop 7, Adobe changed the version numbers of ImageReady to 7.0.
|Version||Release date||Bundled with|
|v2||July 1999||Photoshop 5.5|
|v3||October 2000||Photoshop 6.0|
|v7||February 2002||Photoshop 7.0|
|v8 ("CS")||October 2003||Photoshop CS|
|v9 ("CS2")||May 2005||Photoshop CS2|
With the release of the Creative Suite 3, ImageReady was discontinued. According to Adobe, ImageReady's features were merged into Photoshop only by popular demand. (Even before discontinuation, some of ImageReady's web optimization functionality could be found in Photoshop's Save For Web & Devices tool.) At the same time, Adobe published Fireworks, which was originally ImageReady's competitor before Adobe's acquisition of its developer, Macromedia. | <urn:uuid:a9712cfc-4fa2-4d86-b88d-5b962a984371> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_ImageReady | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00174-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922242 | 652 | 1.625 | 2 |
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When optical components are reduced to the nanoscale, they exhibit interesting properties that can be harnessed to create new devices. For example, imagine a block of material with thin layers of alternating materials. This creates a periodic arrangement of alternating dielectric constants, forming a "photonic crystal" that is analogous to the electronic crystals used in semiconductor devices. Photonic crystals, along with quantum dots and other devices patterned at the nanoscale, may form the basis for sensors and switches used in computers and telecommunications. More information on Nanophotonics can be found here.
Some Remarks to Electrodynamics of Materials with Negative Refraction
0.0 out of 5 stars
26 Jun 2007 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Victor G. Veselago
The negative refraction coefficient n < 0 can be introduced for isotropic materials with anti-parallel directions of phase and group velocities. If some of material can be described by negative n...
Victor Veselago Interview on Nanotechnology and Photonics
26 Jun 2007 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Victor G. Veselago, Phillip Fiorini
Nanotechnology and photonics interview with Phillip Fiorini.
Solid-State Lighting: An Opportunity for Nanotechnologists to Address the Energy Challenge
25 Apr 2007 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Timothy D. Sands
More than one-fifth of the electrical power consumed in the U.S. is used for general illumination. Much of this energy is wasted to heat filaments in incandescent lamps, a century-old technology...
Nanoscale Antenna Apertures
24 Apr 2007 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Xianfan Xu
This presentation will discuss light concentration and enhancement in nanometer-scale ridge aperture antennas. Resent research, including numerical simulations and near field optical measurements...
BNC Annual Research Symposium: Nanophotonics
23 Apr 2007 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Vladimir M. Shalaev
This presentation is part of a collection of presentations describing the projects, people, and capabilities enhanced by research performed in the Birck Center, and a look at plans for the...
Surprises on the nanoscale: Plasmonic waves that travel backward and spin birefringence without magnetic fields
5.0 out of 5 stars
29 Jan 2007 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Daniel Neuhauser
As nanonphotonics and nanoelectronics are pushed down towards the
molecular scale, interesting effects emerge. We discuss how
birefringence (different propagation of two polarizations) is...
Plasmon-resonant Nanorods as Multifunctional Imaging Agents
28 Dec 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Alexander Wei
Gold nanorods have several outstanding characteristics as optical contrast
agents for biomedical imaging. Their strong optical absorption at
near-infrared (NIR) frequencies can be used to...
Nanotechnology and Visible Light
19 Dec 2006 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): Raymond Serrano
This submission is an undergraduate project by Raymond Serrano, a chemistry student at UTEP. Raymond has been a nanoHUB student for one year.
In addition to being factor of scale, nanoscience...
Nanoscale Plasmonic Heterostructures
15 Dec 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Gary P. Wiederrecht
Surface plasmons are electromagnetic modes that are present at the interface of a metal and dielectric material.
Depending upon the structure of the metal, surface plasmons demonstrate a wide...
ECE 695s Lecture 15: Metamaterials: Giving Light the Second Hand, Part 2
20 Nov 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Vladimir M. Shalaev
A subsequent version of this lecture is available in a three lecture short course Metamaterials: A New Paradigm of Physics and Engineering.
Nano Scale Optics with Nearfield Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM)
16 Nov 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Reuben Bakker, Vladimir M. Shalaev
NearfieldScanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM )is a relatively new
technology that defeats the diffraction limit for optical
measurements by utilizing the near field portion of electromagnetism...
ECE 695s Lecture 14: Metamaterials: Giving Light the Second Hand, Part 1
15 Nov 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Vladimir M. Shalaev
ECE 695s Lecture 11: Guiding Light Along Nanoparticle Arrays
02 Nov 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Vladimir M. Shalaev
ECE 695s Lecture 10: Surface Plasmon Excitation
ECE 695s Lecture 9: Introduction to Metal Optics
02 Oct 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Vladimir M. Shalaev
ECE 695s Lecture 8: Photonic Crystals Fibers
ECE 695s Lecture 7: Photonic Crystal Waveguides
ECE 695s Lecture 6: Basic Properties of Electromagnetic Effects in Periodic Media
19 Sep 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Vladimir M. Shalaev
ECE 695s Lecture 5: Photonic Crystals - Introduction
ECE 695s Lecture 4: Electromagnetic Properties of Molecules, Nano- and Microscopic Particles
07 Sep 2006 | Online Presentations | Contributor(s): Vladimir M. Shalaev | <urn:uuid:eb098e98-dc36-47f0-a436-86668e486939> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://nanohub.org/tags/nanophotonics/resources/view?active=resources&sort=date&limit=20&limitstart=280 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00262-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.795437 | 1,273 | 2.390625 | 2 |
This spring I saw a brochure for a kitchen store that does cooking classes. They listed a summer cooking camp for teens that ran for a week. My daughter and I loved the sound of that, but not the price tag. $385. Seriously?? I can cook. I can teach. So I decided to have Cooking Camp in my kitchen for my daughter and a couple of her friends.
Since we have multiple schedules to juggle, we're shooting for once a week, and since I do desserts, the theme of the camp is "Desserts!" Each week we cover a different skill and make a treat that the kids can take home.
The first week we handed out binders for the recipes, went over kitchen rules (I think I broke all but one the first day), and made marshmallows. Teens and marshmallows. What was I thinking?
I walked them through making a sugar syrup, using a candy thermometer, using gelatin, whipping marshmallows, and then, through the magic of television (I made a batch the day before so I could pull out the finished product like they do on cooking shows), I cut a pan of cooled, dried marshmallows for the kids to cut and roll and powdered sugar.
Then, to insure that they were fully sugared up, we roasted marshmallows over the gas stove (note to self: shake the powdered sugar off before putting the marshmallow over the burner), and made s'mores.
First cooking class - I'm not sure how much they learned, but I give it an A+ for fun! | <urn:uuid:344867c9-df01-43c3-8400-488cfaf6512b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://cookiebakerlynn.blogspot.com/2011/07/cooking-camp.html?showComment=1312206785131 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00333-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97024 | 328 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Its week 2 😊 Let’s see what’s been happening in Y3…………………….
/ Categories: Class Blogs, Year 3
This week, Year 3 have been reading a book called 'Day of the Dinosaurs' by Dr Steve Brusatte and learning about all the elements that make up a non-fiction text. In Reading, we made flashcards about our favourite dinosaurs from the Triassic period such as the Herrerasaurus, Tawa and Eedrameaus. We can't wait to start writing our own informative texts next week! | <urn:uuid:ec66a550-e064-4fa7-9191-b0e93e062a02> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.highhazelsacademy.org.uk/learning/class-blogs/year-2/artmid/746/articleid/4219/its-week-2--let%E2%80%99s-see-what%E2%80%99s-been-happening-in-y3%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.916889 | 123 | 2.84375 | 3 |
OPEN HEAVENS DAILY DEVOTIONAL FOR TEENS FRIDAY 18TH MAY 2018: A BACKSLIDING TONGUE
MEMORISE: Let your speech always be with grace, seasoned with salt, that ye may know how ye ought to answer every man. Colossians 4:6
Please read: 1 John 2:15-17
Today’s reading commands us not to love the world. It is possible to live in the world and not love it. It is possible to live in the world and not be defiled by worldly pollution and allurement.
What are the worldly things you must avoid? You must avoid worldly language. Matthew 12:36 says one day, you will account for the misuse of your tongue.
As a child of God, you are to speak like Christ, it is wrong for you to use swear words. It is wrong to say things that fan the embers of lust, greed or vengeance in someone. It is wrong for you to swear, no matter the situation. Open Heaven 20 May 2018
People should be able to take your word as the truth. Your tongue is not to insult or abuse anyone no matter how nasty or provoking they are.
Ask God to give you the grace to watch your mouth.
BIBLE IN ONE YEAR:
2 Kings 20-22 ,John 6:45-71
1. I am Thine 0 Lord, I have heard Thy voice,
And it told Thy love to me;
But I long to rise in the arms of faith
And be closer drawn to Thee.
Draw me nearer, nearer blessed Lord
To the cross where Thou hast died;
Draw me nearer, nearer, nearer blessed Lord,
To Thy precious, bleeding side.
2. Consecrate me now to Thy service, Lord,
By the pow’r of grace divine;
Let my soul look up with a steadfast hope,
And my will be lost in Thine.
3. Oh, the pure delight of a single hour
That before Thy throne I spend,
When I kneel in prayer, and with Thee, my God
I commune as friend with friend!
4. There are depths of love that I cannot know
Till I cross the narrow sea;
There are heights of joy that I may not reach
Till I rest in peace with Thee. | <urn:uuid:c1ebbba9-8abd-4d7c-88f4-981e2e958184> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rccgonline.org/open-heavens-daily-devotional-for-teens-friday-18th-may-2018-a-backsliding-tongue/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.893451 | 521 | 1.625 | 2 |
Last updated on April 26th, 2022 at 10:10 am
Ways to Browse
Wonderin' what to expect on your ranch?
We've helped 6,000+ ranchers across North America improve their herd's health and profitability.
The main results Riomax impacts would be:
15-30% increase in forage/hay savings, carrying capacity or days on pasture
3-10% increase in conception rates
Increase of 10-40 pounds in weaning weights
Increase in overall herd health (ex. less calf sickness, foot rot, pinkeye, etc.)
ADDITIONAL FACTORS WE POSITIVELY IMPACT.
TESTIMONIALS BY RESULT TOPIC
"Before we started working together we were 10% open on a 60 day breeding....after the first full year we cut it back 5% and have cut it a 0.25% to 0.5% every year after!"
- Eureka, SD
"I have first calf heifers and cows cycling now (February). My cows have never cycled till end of March. I felt lucky to get 1 cycle before I would synchronize them! Now I will get 2 and some 3 cycles before AI."
- La Salle, CO
"I saw it with my own eyes... had my cows on it pre-calving, and had another group not on it... and at calving time, it was a day and night difference in the calves when they hit the ground, I mean, these ones were scratching to get up before they hit the ground, and the other ones just laid there."
– Beulah, ND
"Started about 60 ish days before calving and you couldnt even tell you had calved they cleaned so well. not 3 weeks later they were in heat and breeding. we do embryo work too and we were over 70% on embryos. We're happy with that"
- Adrian, OR
"I know that Nutrizorb® in these tubs is getting me more days on this drought grass. It's cutting back on how soon I'll have to feed hay."
- Driscoll, ND
"This is the worst drought we've ever seen here. We're really putting your tubs to the test here and they’re not over eating on it at all and the cattle look very good for the conditions."
- Fort Peck, MT
"Just under a month into feeding the Riomax® tubs to our cows and they are already leaving hay and grazing out further!"
- Buffalo, WY
"Over the winter I saved 7 pounds of hay per head per day with Riomax, so I was putting 5cents a day in my pocket, after buying Riomax, plus getting my mineral for free."
"Got a group of new heifers, been on the tubs for 3 weeks. I'm pretty excited that they went up 2 BCS points in 3 weeks on just grass, your tub and salt!!"
- Chelsea, OK
"I was complimented by everyone this weekend about how good our cattle looked. I said that part of it was good management of grass thanks to Max but I said I think a big part of it is how the cows are being able to utilize there feed so much better with the help of the supplement we are getting from Riomax!"
"These tubs have affected the weight of the calves, condition of the cows, and the breed back! Ranchers can’t afford not to feed it!”
– Trail, MN
“Sure like how these tubs worked on the calves coming out of the mountains. Had the calves on the tubs when they were close to home in the spring after calving and then this fall put those tubs in the pens of weaned calves and it took about 10 seconds for the calves to remember what they were! They are licking them steady now and going into feed good!"
– Grand Forks, BC | <urn:uuid:8d7577d6-5a30-4016-8811-26eb95dad237> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://riomax.net/results/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.972736 | 854 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Procter & Gamble announced 45 of its facilities have achieved zero manufacturing waste to landfill, which marks a major step towards the company’s long-term vision of sending zero manufacturing and consumer waste to landfills. During the past five years, P&G's work to find worth in waste has created over $1 billion in value for the company.
Bob McDonald, P&G president, CEO and chairman, said, “We have a vision for the future, where plants are powered by renewable energy, products are made from recycled, and renewable materials and resources are conserved, with no waste going to landfill. Changing the way we see waste as a company has brought us one step closer to this goal at 45 sites worldwide, where all of our manufacturing waste is recycled, repurposed or converted into energy.”
P&G announced its first zero manufacturing waste to landfill site in Budapest in 2007. Since then, the company has shared a long-term Environmental Vision, pledging to work toward zero consumer and manufacturing waste worldwide. Through quality assurance, packaging reduction, compaction and recycling efforts, the company now ensures that 99% of all materials entering P&G plants leaves as finished product or is recycled, reused or converted to energy.
“There are well-defined systems for recycling materials like paper, plastic and glass, but our product portfolio is incredibly broad, resulting in a diverse set of waste streams to find sustainable solutions for,” shared Dr. Forbes McDougall, who leads P&G’s global zero manufacturing waste program. “We focused on finding solutions for our toughest waste streams at our largest sites, and while initially we saw progress in our overall corporate recycling, the increase in zero landfill sites was slow. Today, we have found ways to divert most of our major waste streams away from landfill, so we’re now seeing new sites achieve zero manufacturing waste to landfill nearly every month.”
P&G zero manufacturing waste sites where beauty care and grooming products are produced include Taicang in China; Baddi and Bhiwadi in India; Shiga in Japan; Blois in France; Euskirchen, Kronberg, Rothenkirchen, Wallduern and Berlin in Germany; Nenagh in Ireland; Aleksandrow and Lodz in Poland; Urlati in Romania; Reading in the U.K.; Manaus in Brazil; and Andover, Boston and Hunt Valley in the U.S. | <urn:uuid:a41f0cd5-0038-4f7a-9171-c68e2a5df543> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gcimagazine.com/business/management/sustainability/PampG-Grows-Zero-Waste-Manufacturing-Sites-201260261.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00444-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933109 | 512 | 2.21875 | 2 |
mark as tally reaches over 1.9 mln
The death toll in India due to COVID-19 surpassed the 40,000-mark on Thursday, reaching 40,699, as the total tally reached 1,964,536, said the data released by the federal health ministry.
During the past 24 hours, 56,282 new COVID-19 cases and 904 new deaths were reported across the country.
According to the data, 1,328,336 people have been successfully treated and discharged from hospitals while there are 595,501 active cases in various hospitals across the country.
Thursday was the seventh consecutive day when over 50,000 new cases were registered in the country. The sudden surge is mainly attributed to the central government's focus on ramping up the testing of samples.
As per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)'s data, a total of 22,149,351 samples were tested till Aug. 5 out of which 664,949 samples were tested on Wednesday alone. | <urn:uuid:9065d141-cd36-4b3e-9e8d-f3f907d7a7d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://studio3music.com/a/huangguanwangluoduchangpingtai/20200808/469.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.973069 | 208 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Book Living Treasures: Masters of Australian Craft \ Robert Baines: Metal
Published to accompany Robert Baines: Metal, the sixth of ADC’s Living Treasures: Masters of Australian Craft series, this magnificent monograph pays tribute to one of Australia’s most prominent and influential jewellers and goldsmiths.
Internationally respected as a goldsmith who creates jewellery and large, complex wire works; Baines often combines precious metals gold and silver with plastic and powder coated elements, frequently referencing archaeology and the abstract.
Generously illustrated, the book features a comprehensive account of Baines’ work and career by accomplished authors and academics Dr Sophia Errey, Dr Judith O’Callaghan and Dr Rudiger Joppien.
Pages: 120 pages
Dimensions: 24 x 24cm, soft-cover
First published: 2010 | <urn:uuid:6a7279ce-17a9-46d4-9049-9875592a1c70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shop.australiandesigncentre.com/products/robertbainesmetal?_pos=1&_sid=47edeccaa&_ss=r | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.822146 | 186 | 1.625 | 2 |
Verbs Word Search Printable – Many Word Search funnels now provide Word Search Printable PDF’s to suit your needs to obtain. Word Search also now gives printable Word Search printable PDFs that you could take with you on the run. You are able to also scan these printable Word Search Printable PDFs into Microsoft Word to save lots of time.
Irregular Verbs Wordsearch – English Esl Worksheets For
Once we have been kids, our mothers and fathers taught us to use a Word Search to cut letters off of our paper so we could kind terms. Although we didn’t understand it, it was just like looking the internet. Each and every letter around the page is held up by a magnetic piece on your screen along with a laser can reduce the letters off.
The word search functions similar to this: A circle is placed more than a blank white page. You put the thing you would like to search within the leading in the circle. Then you make use of the touch screen, in addition to a button within the facet of the object to deliver the magnet in the direction of the web page. When the magnet reaches the edge of the web page, it then immediately goes from the webpage.
Irregular Verbs Wordsearch – Interactive Worksheet
The Word Lookups can now be found on Google’s goods. It’s not difficult to find on the initial web page of outcomes when looking to get a certain word. You are able to also find it inside a search on the net with Google.
The touch display screen allows the individual doing the search to skip phrases just before the circle is sent to the stop of the page. This allows a lot more terms to be searched for. Once you don’t need to type a whole word, it is simpler to use the contact display screen to skip words.
Every Day Action Verbs : Wordsearch – English Esl Worksheets
When carrying out the search, you are going to get information regarding the word, too as the number of instances it has been employed online, as well as the synonym or equivalent which means of the word. You’ll be able to then make your own suggestions about the word you are looking for.
Each time a reader queries a definition, they are going to be able to select from a number of ways to structure their results. They are able to both be displayed by class, or by utilizing a hyperlink. You are able to also learn when the word has already been searched.
Regular Verbs Wordsearch (Past Tense Form) – English Esl
Word Search Printable PDF isn’t obtainable all the time. Once per month, most retailers discontinue their Word Search providers. You can still down load your printable Word Search PDFs for potential use. | <urn:uuid:02bd0648-32e4-4e01-949a-3dc8d635db36> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wordsearch-printable.com/verbs-word-search-printable/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.924917 | 581 | 2.40625 | 2 |
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There are a number of reasons that helical piles are used in both residential and commercial applications. Their history dates back to the early 1800's. Alexander Mitchell invented the first helical pile in 1833, a feat that earned him a Telford Medal. It is interesting to note that Mitchell was blind at the time that he invented the helical pile and had only four years of formal education.
The physical attributes of a helical pile
Helical piles are made of secured steel with low-fitted steel plates welded to the base. They resemble household screws used for DIY projects, but on a much larger scale. Tension and compression allow helical piles to stabilise objects in a variety of soil conditions. Machine mounted hydraulic or electrically powered drills are used to install helical piles.
The progression of helical piling
Since their invention, they have been used for highway foundations, buildings and marine piers. This includes the lighthouse in the Thames Estuary and the 1863 Brighton Pier. Years later, the helical piling technique was utilised for the installation of telecommunication towers. Since the year 2000, it has gradually been adopted as a foundation solution by Network Rail and Highways England.
There are several benefits of using helical piles:
- They can be installed in confined spaces that are difficult to access.
- They utilise a low-noise, minimal vibration installation method. This prevents disruption to neighbours and protects the existing landscape from damage.
- They can be used to repair existing foundations or for building entirely new ones.
- The equipment used to install helical piles is often smaller and less expensive than other piling techniques.
- They can be installed at any time of year and removed easily and quickly. For example, during the 2012 Olympics, approximately 20,000 seats were installed and uninstalled using helical screw piles. They were then able to be recycled, which would not be possible for concrete foundations.
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Watch one of the first documentaries by the acclaimed Adam Curtis, examining the substandard system building of the 1960s. | <urn:uuid:b7795685-9121-4a2c-b723-41f14de2c5df> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Helical_foundations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00044-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933229 | 655 | 3.5 | 4 |
Summary and Info
Science is not a mere collection of facts. It is the correlation of facts, the interpretative synthesis of the available knowledge and its application that excite the imagination of a scientist. Even in these days of modern technology, the need for quick and accurate dissemination of new information and current concepts still exists. Conferences and Symposia offer one direct method of communication. The Summer Schools are another approach. The success of a Summer School is mainly due to that human factor and under standing that goes with it and allows for extensive and often time-unrestricted discussions. During the course of the past 20 years, one of the most in tensively studied groups of elements in the Periodic Table is the Lanthanides. In this period, we have increased our knowledge on these once exotic elements, which were once considered to be a part of a lean and hungry industry, many-fold due to the involve ment of scientists from various disciplines. The purpose of our Summer School was to bring a group of ex perts and participants together for the exchange of ideas and in formation in an informal setting and to promote interdisciplinary interactions. Out of many conceivable topics, we selected the following five as the main basis to broaden our knowledge and understanding I) Systematics 2) Structure 3) Electronic and Magnetic Proper ties 4) Spectroscopic Properties and 5) Lanthanide Geochemistry.
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Systematics and the Properties of the Lanthanides 0 out of 5 stars based on 0 ratings. | <urn:uuid:5707e0c4-dde4-400a-be7a-592c62375746> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://libdl.ir/book/109561/systematics-and-the-properties-of-the-lanthanides | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00532-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940802 | 308 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Objective: To examine whether stroke survivors with more severe spatial neglect duringtheir acute inpatient rehabilitation had poorer mobility after returning to their communities. Design: A prospective observational study. Setting: Acute inpatient rehabilitation and follow-up in the community. Participants: Thirty-one consecutive stroke survivors with right-brain damage (women, n= 15 [48.4%]), with the mean (standard deviation) age of 60 ± 11.5 years, were included in the study if they demonstrated spatial neglect within 2 months after stroke. Methods: Spatial neglect was assessed with the Behavioral Inattention Test (BIT) (range, 0-146 [a lower score indicates more severity]) and the Catherine Bergego Scale (range, 0-30 [a higher score indicates more severity]). A score of the Behavioral Inattention Test<129 or of the Catherine Bergego Scale >0 defined the presence of spatial neglect. Main Outcome Measurements: The outcome measure is community mobility, defined by the extent and frequency of traveling within the home and in the community, and is assessed with the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment (range, 0-120 [a lower score indicates less mobile]). This measure was assessed after participants returned home≥6 months after stroke. The covariates were age, gender, functional independence at baseline; follow-up interval; and depressed mood, which may affect the relationship between spatial neglect and community mobility. Results: A lower Behavioral Inattention Test score was a significant predictor of a lower Life-Space Assessment score after controlling for all the covariates (β= 0.009 [95% confidence interval, 0.008-0.017]); P= .020). The proportion of participants unable to travel independently beyond their homes was 0%, 27.3%, and 72.7% for those with mild, moderate, and severe acute neglect, respectively (Catherine Bergego Scale range, 1-10, 11-20, and 21-30, respectively). Conclusions: Our result indicates that acute spatial neglect has a negative impact on regaining of functional mobility in the community. Specific screening and treatment of spatial neglect during acute stroke care may be necessary to improve long-term mobility recovery.
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- Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
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The space we see around us is the end product of a long series of processes: physical, physiological, and cognitive. It is a highly structured perceptual entity. In contrast to the fact that most studies of visual perception are concerned with local phenomena in this visual space, the main purpose of this book is to discuss the global structure of visual space. The physical space which surrounds us is of Euclidean structure, but its perceived image is not necessarily structured in that way. Problems such as why the sky appears as a vault and why the horizon is located at eye level are discussed in the book. | <urn:uuid:a409e763-cdb9-4475-aaa4-2cecf754fc8a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://readrate.com/deu/books/global-structure-of-visual-space-the | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00392-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971079 | 119 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Yoga mats, also called sticky mats, are portable because they are lightweight. Portable yoga mats are usually made of polyurethane, rubber or PVC, are non-toxic, and eco-friendly. This means that you can roll them up, reuse them, and store them anywhere you like. For example, you can store them in a backpack or your car. Portable sticky mats are suitable for traveling as well as home practice.
If you practice yoga on a carpet, you need to keep it clean. The problem is that no matter how diligent you are, there is no way to stop it from collecting dust or carpet fibers after frequent use.
Yoga mats differ in terms of thickness and texture. It is best to choose one that is suitable for your body type, type of yoga, and level of expertise. Finally, ergonomic yoga mats make a lot of difference. If you have back pain, you should choose a yoga mat with thick cushioning. It absorbs the shocks and lets you enjoy your yoga practice without straining your back or joints.
Our bottom line is that if you can afford a yoga mat and have the room for it, then use it rather than just practicing on a carpet.
Can You Do Yoga On Carpet?
Carpets are a relatively cheap and easy way to provide a soft, cushy floor surface under your yoga mat.
But the cushiness of carpets can also be a major problem for yogis.
Different people may have different opinions. A yogi performing a warrior II pose may find the lack of traction from a carpet to be a plus. On the other hand, when a yogi is attempting advanced poses, the lack of traction on carpet can be a challenge.
How do you decide between the comfort of carpet and the grip that you get from a yoga mat?
If you are a beginning yogi, then the comfort and softness of carpet can be an advantage. Beginners don’t know that the human body is a beautifully flexible piece of soft rubber. They are challenged and surprised to discover what their bodies can do.
As your body and mind become trained by yoga, you’ll benefit from the traction that a mat offers. Specifically, a mat is more likely to keep your knees and feet in alignment, and from slipping during poses such as warrior. On carpet, your knees and feet can slip just enough to make a pose feel awkward or give you a twinge of pain.
If you have a carpeted room, you could try doing all your yoga poses on the carpet (with possibly a mat for ground poses). Yoga towels can be used to wipe off sweat during exercise or used as a mat since they are more suitable for floors. That is, unless you are extremely fit.
Obviously, the benefits of having a yoga mat on a carpet surface is that they are usually thicker (than yoga towels), and are more comfortable to the feet as you do your stretches.
If you opt for doing yoga on a carpet, there are a few things to remember:
Always adjust your agility level to the carpet’s texture
The surfaces on which you prefer to perform your yoga poses can have huge variation. Some carpets can be very rough to your bare feet, while some can even be slippery and a few (like deep pile carpets) can even be too soft that they disrupt the balance of your poses. If you are very fit and agile then this won’t be a problem for you but if you are just starting to learn to do yoga, then you will be better off starting on a yoga mat until you get some experience with the different kinds of carpets that you may encounter.
1. BalanceFrom Go Yoga All Purpose Extra-Thick Mat
As long as you use the mat correctly, placing it on top of a carpet or other surface, the mat will be easier to clean and will last longer which is good for the environment.
The mat will take a few weeks to break-in, but you may find that the savings more than make up for it in the long run. If you consider the mat a worthwhile investment, it will last a long time, and very likely outlast the carpet beneath it.
The mat is thick enough to cushion the body while still providing flexibility.
Slippery: Your yoga positions will remain stable, but it can be slippery while experiencing sweating during a session.
Uneven weight distribution: If the mat is loose or not tightened, your yoga positions can become imbalanced.
Much quieter: One of the most common reasons for choosing a mat is the noise incurred by dropping weights or setting creaky floorboards. This mat will keep your practice light and quiet.
More consistent weight distribution: You will have a much easier time staying "centered" when you are on a mat.
2. Clever Yoga Yoga Mat Non Slip
The Clever Yoga Yoga Mat is unique because it is non-slip and fitted to different shapes and sizes. It comes in ten different colors.
It has a contoured texture that molds and adapts to the body, providing support and alignment. It has a non-slip surface that ensures you won’t have to worry about your mat slipping out from under you.
The Clever Yoga Mat can be used for all types of yoga, is made from TPE. It is also an ideal choice for Bikram yoga.
This mat is sweat resistant, can be kept in the washing machine, and offers plenty of cushioning to protect your knees and joints.
Yoga On Carpet Can Be Beneficial
When people consider doing yoga on carpet, they typically consider the comfort of the carpet less so than just the simplicity of the exercise. If you have a rug that is not too big, soft, and smooth you may be able to do some yoga poses on it without hurting your carpet.
The problem is that once you sweat or shoot moisture from your body, some rugs will have a very long drying period. Many people who do yoga on carpet have regular carpet at home. Some people even have carpet in their gym.
If your carpet is too rough or hard, it's not suitable for yoga.
For the best carpet experience, look for soft carpets in which you can give your back a rest when you practice deep stretches.
Which Is Better? Pros and Cons Of Doing Yoga On Carpet
There are both pros and cons to practicing yoga on carpet. Some people prefer to do yoga on carpet because it's comfortable and easy. Others think that yoga on carpet is not as ideal in comparison to other surfaces, such as yoga mats.
Here's a list of things to consider before making a decision:
Practicing yoga on carpet is less slippery than carpeting in general. A towel or mat is still advisable for safety and hygienic purposes. You can use other objects instead, such as folded laundry up against the wall.
Yoga on carpet does not offer the same traction as a yoga mat. Feel free to perform yoga poses with lots of twisting involved.
While doing yoga on carpet can make you feel relaxed, there are some cons to practicing yoga on carpet. You won't be able to get as deep in your asanas to stretch your body as much as you would on a yoga mat.
Practicing yoga on carpet will take a lot of effort on your part to stay focused and not become distracted by the texture of the carpet. You can use a towel or mat around your body to help with this.
Take a look at the positive aspects too, though. They may be enough to help you make your decision in favor of yoga on carpet or you may come to the conclusion that down the road, you'll upgrade to a yoga mat.
The activities you can engage in without having to worry about the surface that you might fall on are an essential part of being a yogi. If you can do the poses in your living room and not worry about the quality of the carpet on a day when you are sort of tired and a bit sore, it is a big plus.
But. When you choose to practice on the floor or on your living room rug, you should be aware that it is probably not going to live up to the label 'yoga mat' and while you might not hurt yourself, you are not likely to find any benefits from padding.
All in all, when choosing to practice yoga on the floor or on the carpet, opt for the room that serves you best at the time. Apartment-dwellers should not think they have to let yoga slip just because they can't happen to find any carpeting in their apartment. A yoga mat is the best and most traditional choice anyways. If you love it, some research and added effort could lead to a room that is more than just a bedroom for you and your kid and a carpet to do floor work on. | <urn:uuid:ad55b9f1-3667-4809-9b72-9142dfbe09eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thedevotedyogi.com/can-you-do-yoga-on-carpet-positives-and-negatives-vs-yoga-mats/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.962102 | 1,846 | 1.757813 | 2 |
A survey is a tool used to gather information from a given population. Generally, a survey comprises a collection of questions or statements requiring a response from participants. Surveys can be used to collect background information or gather opinions.
Problems and Purpose
In the context of public engagement and participation, surveys are used to help ‘determine community attitudes or target a particular group’ . Surveys can be deployed by decision-makers to get a general idea about views on a proposed policy or issue. They are most often used in a consultative manner in order to inform decision-makers of a population’s views .
Surveys can be used as a standalone method, but may also form one component of a broader deliberative or participatory process. For example, Deliberative Polling includes a survey before and after deliberation to gauge preference change. Similarly, the Scarborough Beach Deliberative Survey in Western Australia utilised surveys before and after a deliberative forum where participants discussed a local development issue. The Fremantle Community Engagement Process also used an initial community survey prior to face-to-face deliberation which gave an overview of policy options that were discussed later in the process, as well as pre and post deliberation surveys.
A survey is generally used to ask a specific population general questions, whilst a poll asks a general population specific questions . More specifically, a survey can be used to ask a range of questions, in different forms, thus generating a wider depth and range of data. By contrast, a poll may ask just one question, with multiple choice options . This can enable a snapshot of public opinion on one specific topic. In practice, the terms survey and poll are sometimes used interchangeably, which can cause confusion .
There are two general instances in which a survey may be of use: when there is need to determine broad, general information on a large number of people or when one is interested in answers to more specific, issue-based questions among a smaller, targeted group of individuals.
Depending on the format and design, a survey can collate quantitative and/or qualitative data. This is determined by the type of question selected and the chosen answer options: closed answer (e.g. multiple choice, preference ranking) or open (e.g. dialogue box for respondents to write in their answer) .
Surveys are also commonly used in academic research for both qualitative and quantitative research.
Origins and Development
Surveys were not a development of the deliberative turn in democratic politics but are well established for use by governments, business organizations and individuals. In the field of democratic innovation, perhaps the most well-known use of surveys is that of James Fishkin's Deliberative Polling technique which uses opinion surveys to gauge the level of attitudinal change among participants before and after deliberation. Variations of this approach have been used in the Scarborough Beach Deliberative Survey and the Fremantle Bridge Community Engagement Process.
Surveys have been used in different and creative ways as part of participatory processes. In Melbourne, a digital survey about the future of the city was included as part of an art installation in a gallery. In Nepal, surveys were used to gauge views on local radio. Surveys could be completed using mobile devices and were followed up with face-to-face interviews to provide more in-depth information. The survey findings were then used to inform stakeholders in the media and were disseminated to the public through social media in order to encourage greater participation in local radio.
How it Works
The selection of survey participants depends on the intentions of the survey organizers, and on how they want to use the results. For example, if results are to be generalised to a wider population, then a representative sample of that population is needed. If the views of a particular group are sought, sampling can be more purposive, reaching out to that particular group.
Achieving a random, representative sample for any process can be time consuming and costly . Usually, this will require the services of a market research company or consultancy specialised in this area . A random, representative sample is needed if the organizers wish to claim any kind of generalisability about their results. It is possible to conduct a survey through more opportunistic sampling methods but this can bias the sample and thus, the results. For example, putting a survey out on Facebook may elicit a relatively large number of responses, but obviously excludes those who are not Facebook users, and will have implications about the demographics of respondents. Opportunistic sampling may be more appropriate if a generalisable sample is not needed, and a specific group of respondents is sought.
It is also important to consider not only the initial sample that will receive the survey, but the response rate for the survey. With sufficient resources, it is possible to engage a very large demographic. Census surveys are used to collect demographic information from a population. The Canadian 2016 census survey - which was mailed to citizens but also allowed for electronic reporting - had a response rate of over 98% . However, Canadians are legally required to complete the census . For the most part, survey completion is not mandatory, and response rates are usually considerably lower than this .
The response rate will also affect the survey outcomes, as different groups may be more likely to respond, creating the potential to skew responses . In the Fremantle Bridge Community Engagement Process, participants who responded to the initial community survey were generally older than other participants in the deliberative forum. This effect was compounded by the information included in the community survey, which had a framing impact on deliberations.
Surveys can be administered online, face-to-face, over the telephone or through the mail. It may be desirable to use all these methods if a very large, representative is needed. It is also worth considering that the collection methods may affect response rate and participation, so additional methods could be needed to reach certain groups.
The main point of interaction between participants and initiative organizers are the survey questions themselves - whether administered in-person or on paper. It is therefore of utmost importance that questions be expertly formulated so as not to produce biased or skewed responses, as ‘poorly constructed surveys produce poor results’ .
Respondents complete surveys as individuals and there is no interaction between respondents. Results are usually collated or aggregated in some way so that organizers can make general statements about the viewpoints expressed. Survey results might be published by the organizers, which is generally considered good practice, especially for public consultations .
Closed response questions such as tick boxes/multiple choice, yes/no options are the easiest and fastest type of survey to conduct . They will also provide easily quantifiable data. On the downside, they will also generate limited information and importantly, are less likely to be able to provide information on the reasons and values underlying people’s opinions. Rowe and Frewer (2005) consider a survey that asks respondents only to choose a yes/no response to a question: interpretation of the results will be difficult because there is no indication of the reasons why people responded with yes or no. It is impossible to tell whether everyone who chose ‘yes’ did so for the same reasons, or to evaluate the relative merit of the reasoning behind the options . Furthermore, restricting respondents’ ability to fully express their viewpoint can result in attrition, or in respondents filling out the survey without much thought or consideration .
Open response questions can allow respondents to more fully express their viewpoint and yield more qualitative data, although they may result in generating additional irrelevant information and will be more labour-intensive to prepare. Overly long surveys and questions are also more of a burden to respondents and may limit responses .
The exact design and question choice will depend on the needs of the organizer, but all good survey questions should be clear and neutrally worded, to avoid leading questions . Surveys should also be piloted beforehand to check questions are suitable and most importantly, elicit the kind of information required .
Analysis and Lessons Learned
The outcome of a survey is basically the responses or collated answers given to the questionnaire. This will be entirely dependent on the question design, the sampling and the response rate. Abel et al (2001) note that as questions need to be relatively straightforward and clear, this can result in responses being somewhat superficial . The outcomes of a survey are usually an aggregation of individual responses. As survey respondents complete a survey as individuals, the aggregated response may not reflect the same outcome that would have occurred in a group setting. However, Rowe and Frewer (2005) note that the reverse can also occur - a group response may not reflect the true values and view of the individuals in the group due to the effect of group dynamics . Whatever the outcome, it is usually published publicly if the survey is part of a public consultation or engagement .
The influence and effect a survey has will depend ultimately on the purpose of the survey in the first place, and on how those organizing the survey choose to use it. Survey results may be integrated into a broader community engagement process and influence it in a variety of ways. In California, surveys were used to gauge the opinions of people not participating in deliberative forums on community budgeting, and the results were integrated and presented to the local council. Used in this way, surveys can complement a deliberative process where participant numbers tend to be limited, by gathering opinions from a larger proportion of the population. In Western Australia, a survey helped shaped the agenda for a community forum, by identifying key issues for discussion prior to deliberations.
It is also worth considering another kind of effect, namely the effect that questions, sampling, and other design choices can have on the outcomes of a survey. In the Fremantle Bridge case, participants for a deliberative forum were recruited partly through a community survey. This resulted in participants at the forum falling into two groups: an older group recruited through the survey and younger participants recruited through other methods. The result was a potential effect of age on deliberation. This effect was compounded by the information provided in the community survey, which focused considerably on safety as an issue. This further biased the survey respondents, although this effect was partly mitigated by deliberation.
The Queensland Plan was a state-wide consultation on a 30 year strategic plan to develop goals for a range of key policy issues. A community survey was used to gather feedback from across the state, but the majority of responses came from South-East Queensland, the most densely populated area. The effect of this was that many areas of the state were underrepresented in the responses. The survey questions were also criticised as being unclear, and after the survey was deployed, prompts had to be added to the survey to assist people in filling it out. This could have affected the responses given, and could have created a divide between the responses given prior to and after the prompts were inserted, although no evaluation was conducted to assess this possibility.
Another aspect affecting survey responses is the timing of the survey. For one, carrying out a survey at certain times of year (over vacation periods for example) can affect response rates . Secondly, the salience of the issue under consideration can affect the type of responses. In a consultation on the control of wild horses (considered a feral species in Australia) in part of New South Wales, two surveys were conducted as part of the engagement process. The first survey did not inform participants that the topic was about wild horses, but about national parks in general. This survey was conducted by a survey organisation using a random sample. By the time a second survey was conducted, the consultation was underway and the topic had generated a significant amount of discussion and controversy. The second survey also relied on self-selection, and the combination of these two aspects meant that respondents were more likely to hold strong views than those in the first survey.
Whilst surveys are sometimes considered an inexpensive method of collecting information or consulting the public , a well-designed survey requiring a large, random sample can incur significant costs , namely for sampling through a professional survey organisation. This needs to be taken into consideration prior to going ahead.
Relative to other methods of consultation such as focus groups or deliberative processes, surveys can be carried out in a short period of time , given that they do not require people to attend an event/s in person, or commit a significant portion of their time. However, a survey will still require at least six weeks to conduct , taking into account the time allowed for responses.
It is vital that care is taken in the construction and form of survey questions, so that they are clear and unambiguous. However, as discussed earlier, this limits respondents’ ability to fully express their views, and may not provide much useful information about why people hold certain opinions . Even with a well-designed survey, organizers will require that respondents are literate in both the language and terminology used in a written survey . This could be mitigated to some extent by telephone or face-to-face surveys rather than written surveys, which also have higher response rates. However, there is no clear winner here - written surveys allow respondents more time to consider their answers than in person or phone interviews.
It is possible that when carefully integrated into a broader deliberative process, some of the weaknesses of a survey can be mitigated. For example, a survey can offer a snapshot of a large sample of the public that most deliberative forums cannot. At the same time, a deliberative forum offers the opportunity for in-depth discussion that cannot be done through a survey. However, using surveys as part of a broader process does not eliminate all the weaknesses of the approach, as shown by the Queensland Plan and Fremantle Bridge cases. Furthermore, a survey may be poorly integrated into a process or survey results may not align with the outcome of a deliberative process. In South Australia’s engagement process on Nuclear Fuel Storage, a Citizens’ Jury and Aboriginal consultation process both rejected proposals for a fuel storage facility, but the government instead emphasised the outcomes of a state-wide survey which suggested that the community was open to learning more about the proposal. This served to undermine trust in the deliberative process and the genuineness of the government’s community engagement program.
National Coalition for Dialogue and Deliberation (2008) Survey. Available at: http://ncdd.org/rc/item/1559
Rowe, G. & Frewer, L. (2005) A Typology of Public Engagement Mechanisms. Science, Technology & Human Values. 30(2), pp. 251 - 290. DOI: 10.1177/0162243904271724
Market Research Society & Local Authorities Research & Intelligence Association (2005) Using Surveys for Consultation. Available at: https://edkurtzbooks.com/market-research-opinion-surveys.html
Obsurvey (2014) The Difference between Polls and Survey Questionnaires. Available at: http://obsurvey.com/blog/the-difference-between-polls-and-survey-questionnaires/
Statistics Canada (2016a) Canadians' overwhelming response enables 'best ever' Census in 2016. Available at: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/about/smr09/smr09_069
Statistics Canada (2016b) Completing the census is mandatory. Available at: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/about/smr09/smr09_068
Health Canada (2000) The Health Canada Policy Toolkit for Public Involvement in Decision Making. Available at: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/corporate/about-health-canada/reports-publications/health-canada-policy-toolkit-public-involvement-decision-making.html#a56
Abelson J, Forest P-G, Eyles J, Smith P, Martin E and Gauvin F-P. (2001) Deliberations about Deliberation: Issues in the Design and Evaluation of Public Consultation Processes, McMaster University Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis Research Working Paper 01-04, June 2001. Available at: http://www.citizenshandbook.org/compareparticipation.pdf | <urn:uuid:442300d6-3a81-4b7a-82dd-3aba6fdb4870> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://participedia.net/method/565 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 3,432 | 3.84375 | 4 |
Everyone needs to be aware of the dangers of high blood pressure and the benefits of good nutrition, so Medical Assisting students at Minnesota School of Business-St. Cloud decided they wanted to apply their skills to educate the public about disease prevention and health maintenance. Their audience, however, was unusual in that its members did not speak much English.
Two classes of MSB medical students presented three sessions on Nutrition, Disease Prevention and Blood Pressure at Hands Across the World, a school for Central Minnesota immigrants. They also gave free blood pressure checks to the audience.
Hands Across the World, according to co-founder Brianda Cediel, strives to be “the first contact for refugees and immigrants who have come with their families to make Central Minnesota their new home.” Current classes are filled with Somali refugees who speak little to no English and are unfamiliar with basic living skills in their new culture. Cediel was excited to have MSB Patient Care I and CMA (Certified Medical Assistant) Review students deliver these important messages–with the help of an interpreter.
The Medical Assisting students agree that the experience was both rewarding and a challenge. April Rolfes and Melissa Kreitzer said they appreciated how the Hands Across the World students responded to them with questions and curiosity. They both found translating the language could be frustrating, especially concepts that have no relevance or context in Somalia.
For example, said Rolfes, “A challenge for me was trying to explain to them why they need to eat more . . . whole grains vs. white bread.” The idea of choices between breads is not a common consideration for them, so explaining how processed bread is less healthy was hard.
Another example of cultural differences confusing the lesson came during the cooking meats section of a PowerPoint. Students displayed a chart of suggested temperatures for cooking meat, including chicken. The method for determining temperature was by a meat thermometer. The slide elicited many questions by members of the audience until finally the interpreter said, “he wants to know if you have to do that when boiling chicken.”
At that moment, the medical students understood that the concept of a meat thermometer was foreign to these students because their method of cooking meat is completely different from the students’ traditional methods of roasting or frying.
“Working with Somali immigrants was very unique,” comments Kreitzer. “It opened my eyes to how they may feel in a ‘new’ world.”
Rolfes sees how the experience at Hands Across the World extends to her future career. “In the clinic setting, we will be dealing with patients that don’t know much about medicine and don’t speak the language. It was a look into how difficult and fun it can be to handle different situations . . . . ”
Patient Care instructor Robyn Lauermann agrees. “When . . . [students] are working in the field they may be put in positions with working with other cultures and are unsure how to handle the situation. I find this event to be very helpful to all that participated.”
Teaching others is always a great way to learn yourself. Teaching others who can, in turn, teach you is perhaps the greatest lesson of all. | <urn:uuid:1011981e-8897-43ea-9b38-f46cd612599f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.msbcollege.edu/blogs/2012/09/25/medical-assisting-students-reach-out-to-hands-across-the-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00184-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970097 | 672 | 2.625 | 3 |
It’s like a simple set of facts on a law school exam with an answer that defies logic. And, yet, Supreme Court precedent has brought us to this illogical conclusion. Facts: Participant agrees to reimburse the plan money it has spent on his medical care. Participant sets aside money to reimburse the plan, but then spends all of the money himself before reimbursing the plan. Question: If the money cannot be traced, can the plan recover the amount it is owed from the participant’s other assets? Answer: Last week, the Supreme Court ruled in Montanile v. Bd. of Trustees of the Nat’l Elevator Indus. Health Benefit Plan that a health plan cannot enforce an equitable lien against a participant’s general assets when the participant has already spent the fund to which the lien attached.
Robert Montanile, a participant in an ERISA-health plan, was seriously injured by a drunk driver in an automobile accident and the plan paid more than $120,000 for his medical care. The plan contained a provision that required reimbursement from a participant who recovered money from a third party for medical expenses. Montanile also signed a reimbursement agreement reaffirming this obligation.
Subsequently, Montanile filed a claim against the drunk driver and received a $500,000 settlement. After settling his attorney’s fees and repayments, the participant had enough funds remaining to repay the amount due to the plan. The funds were held in trust, and the plan sought reimbursement. After negotiations between the parties broke down, Montanile’s attorney distributed the funds from the trust to Montanile.
The plan sued Montanile under ERISA seeking repayment of the amount it had expended on his medical care. Montanile claimed that while he still had some of the settlement proceeds, he had spent most of the funds and could not identify a specific fund separate from his general assets against which an equitable lien could be enforced. The district court ruled in favor of the plan and held that the plan could recover from the participant’s general assets despite the dissipation of the specifically identified fund. The Eleventh Circuit affirmed, reasoning that a plan can enforce an equitable lien once it attaches and dissipation of a specific fund to which it attached cannot destroy the underlying reimbursement obligation.
However, the Supreme Court held that an ERISA fiduciary cannot enforce an equitable lien on a participant’s general assets if the participant has spent the settlement funds on nontraceable items. In the Court’s view, enforcement of such a lien would not constitute “appropriate equitable relief” under ERISA. Citing its prior cases, the Court stated that “equitable relief” is limited to the types of relief which were typically available in equity, and, under those principles, the plan must identify a specific fund in the participant’s possession to enforce a lien.
Is this really the answer? We previously posted that the Supreme Court’s decision in this case could provide more insight into best practices for drafting subrogation provisions in medical plans. But, it didn’t provide such insights. Even a subrogation provision supplemented by a separate reimbursement agreement proved insufficient to avoid this unfavorable outcome. Is the answer really a race, encouraging one party to run to the courthouse and the other to spend as much money as possible as quickly as possible? There may be other novel theories of recovery, but, for now, at least one consideration for plans will be whether to closely monitor participant litigation against third parties in order to be ready to litigate quickly. | <urn:uuid:94f26abf-baba-4f67-b8be-f83a1199b926> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=9e682354-6b87-4fee-8ea9-65e47dc3cc4f | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00318-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959254 | 746 | 1.71875 | 2 |
By Grupo Intercam ● May 2013
What’s the big deal about Cinco de Mayo – literally translated as the fifth of May? Here’s what you need to know to celebrate the day:
Cinco de Mayo IS a celebration of the Battle of Puebla. The holiday commemorates the Mexican Army’s 1862 victory over France at the Battle of Puebla during the Franco-Mexican War (1861-1867).
Cinco de Mayo IS a celebrations of underdogs. Why make such a big deal over one victory? The win at Puebla was a huge deal for Mexico because the Mexican Army went into the battle as underdogs. They had no training and no equipment and were vastly outnumbered against the well-armed, well-disciplined and well-funded French, who up until that point had defeated them at every turn. Yet, they prevailed.
Cinco de Mayo IS NOT really a big deal in Mexico. With all of the fuss around May 5th here in the U.S., you would think it was the biggest holiday in Mexico – but that’s not the case. That honor goes to Mexican Independence Day. Still, Mexicans do celebrate the day with family get-togethers, fireworks, dancing and lots of yummy food.
Cinco de Mayo IS a holiday for everyone to celebrate. Many towns around the U.S. have festivals, fiestas, dances, fireworks, food and music in honor of the holiday. It’s a great time to teach your kids about the culture, people and history of Mexico – or even learn a little yourself.
The holiday of Cinco De Mayo, The 5th Of May, commemorates the victory of the Mexican militia over the French army at The Battle Of Puebla in 1862. It is primarily a regional holiday celebrated in the Mexican state capital city of Puebla and throughout the state of Puebla, with some limited recognition in other parts of Mexico, and especially in U.S. cities with a significant Mexican population. It is not, as many people think,Mexico’s Independence Day, which is actually September 16.
Setting The Stage
The battle at Puebla in 1862 happened at a violent and chaotic time in Mexico’s history. Mexico had finally gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a difficult and bloody struggle, and a number of internal political takeovers and wars, including the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and the Mexican Civil War of 1858, had ruined the national economy.
During this period of struggle Mexico had accumulated heavy debts to several nations, including Spain, England and France, who were demanding repayment. Similar debt to the U.S. was previously settled after the Mexican-American War. France was eager to expand its empire at that time, and used the debt issue to move forward with goals of establishing its own leadership in Mexico. Realizing France’s intent of empire expansion, Spain and England withdrew their support. When Mexico finally stopped making any loan payments, France took action on its own to install Napoleon III’s relative, Archduke Maximilian of Austria, as ruler of Mexico.
Mexico Confronts The Invasion
France invaded at the gulf coast of Mexico along the state of Veracruz (see map) and began to march toward Mexico City, a distance today of less than 600 miles. Although American President Abraham Lincoln was sympathetic to Mexico’s cause, and for which he is honored in Mexico, the U.S. was involved in its own Civil War at the time and was unable to provide any direct assistance.
Marching on toward Mexico City, the French army encountered strong resistance near Puebla at the Mexican forts of Loreto and Guadalupe. Lead by Mexican General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguin, a smaller, poorly armed militia estimated at 4,500 men were able to stop and defeat a well outfitted French army of 6,500 soldiers, which stopped the invasion of the country. The victory was a glorious moment for Mexican patriots, which at the time helped to develop a needed sense of national unity, and is the cause for the historical date’s celebration.
Unfortunately, the victory was short lived. Upon hearing the bad news, Napoleon III had found an excuse to send more troops overseas to try and invade Mexico again, even against the wishes of the French populace. 30,000 more troops and a full year later, the French were eventually able to depose the Mexican army, take over Mexico City and install Maximilian as the ruler of Mexico.
Maximilian’s rule of Mexico was also short lived, from 1864 to 1867. With the American Civil War now over, the U.S. began to provide more political and military assistance to Mexico to expel the French, after which Maximilian was executed by the Mexicans – his bullet riddled shirt is kept at the museum at Chapultepec Castle in Mexico City. So despite the eventual French invasion of Mexico City, Cinco de Mayo honors the bravery and victory of General Zaragoza’s smaller, outnumbered militia at the Battle of Puebla in 1862.
For the most part, the holiday of Cinco de Mayo is more of a regional holiday in Mexico, celebrated most vigorously in the state of Puebla. There is some limited recognition of the holiday throughout the country with different levels of enthusiasm, but it’s nothing like that found in Puebla.
Celebrating Cinco de Mayo has become increasingly popular along the U.S.-Mexico border and in parts of the U.S. that have a high population of people with a Mexican heritage. In these areas the holiday is a celebration of Mexican culture, of food, music, beverage and customs unique to Mexico.
Commercial interests in the United States and Mexico have also had a hand in promoting the holiday, with products and services focused on Mexican food, beverages and festivities, with music playing a more visible role as well. Several cities throughout the U.S. hold parades and concerts during the week following up to May 5th, so that Cinco de Mayo has become a bigger holiday north of the border than it is to the south, and being adopted into the holiday calendar of more and more people every year.
Who to contact with additional questions?
Central Customs Operations Call Center Within México: 01 800 463 – 6728
From the United States and Canada: 1 (877) 448 – 8728
For investing in Mexico visit our webpage: www.IntercamFinancialServices.com
Av. Francisco Medina Ascencio 2902 Local A-B Planta Baja
Colonia Villa Las Flores | Puetro Vallarta, Jalisco. Mexico | <urn:uuid:1183a489-582d-4409-8ef9-a020e8eca5bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pvmirror.wordpress.com/mexico-mirror/5-things-you-have-to-know-about-5-de-mayo-celebration-in-mexico/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.968151 | 1,445 | 3.109375 | 3 |
The Dragonbone Chair by Tad Williams
The Dragonbone Chair chronicles the coming of age of Simon of Hayholt; from scullion boy, to sorcerer's apprentice and beyond. The book is broken into three story arch's: Simon Mooncalf, Simon Pilgrim and Simon Snowlock. The story encompasses the peoples of Ostren Ard and the return of one of the elf-like Sithi, the Storm King, one time Prince over the land, driven to madness by the destruction and greed of humans.
A quote from the Qanuc people of Ostren Ard regarding assumptions, "Welcome stranger. The paths are treacherous today". Make no assumptions and I will lead to new understanding.
The path from boyhood to manhood is a perilous time for all young men, but never more so than for the kitchen boy Simon. Orphaned, Simon is watched over by Rachel 'the Dragon', Mistress of the Chambermaids. Rachel knows Simon would rather be mooning about the castle, avoiding work and dreaming of adventure, and heroic deeds. Unable to contend with the imaginings of a young boy, Simon is apprenticed to Morgenes, the castle Sorcerer and member of a secret group, the League of the Scroll. The League are keepers of long forgotten secrets and possibility the destiny of the land it self. When the old King John Presbyter dies, his first son Elias is crowned King, setting of a chain of events that will force a King to forge dark deeds with beings of hate and malice. The ramifications of which see a good man die for his friends, Prince Josua the second son of the dead King flee into the night, and a boy to crawl from darkness and madness to wander through the wilderness, the keeper of a Kings secret.
Alone, cold and hungry Simon journeys by foot towards Prince Jousa and his stronghold at Naglimund. A ragged and starved Simon becomes the reluctant hero, coming to the aid of a trapped Sithi Prince. Gifted with a White Arrow as repayment, Simon is also befriended by a traveling Troll named Binabik and his wolf mount Qantaq. Binabik explains to Simon that the arrow represents a debt that is now owed to Simon.
Pursued by the Kings hunters, Simon and Binabik come to the aid of two travelers, Malachias & Leleth. Harboring secrets of there own and stalked by the new King, the group flee deep into the forest. Cornered and without hope, help arrives in the guise of Geloe the Witch, a member of League. Secrets are revealed and new relationship are formed until together the group wounded and depleted find sanctuary with Prince Josua at Naglimund.
Recovering for there harrying journey Simon and Binabik with the aid of the last remaining members of the League of the Scroll disclose to Prince Josua the secret of the Swords of Power and there importance in the up coming battle with the Storm King and King Elias. With battle lines drawn, a desperate plan is but into motion and a resolute band of explorers set out in search of a Sword of Power. Hunted once more, the group are attacked and only narrowed escape due to the help from an unexpected ally. Together allies old and new set out against winters cold bite in search of the resting place of the Sword of Power.
Dragons will arise, friends will fall and all will be marked, no more than Simon, "You have been marked Soeman… for better or worse you have been marked.".
The Story will continue in the Stone of Farewell…
Fergus McCartan, 8.5/10
The Dragonbone Chair follows Simon as he becomes embroiled in an epic adventure. The book is the first part of the Memory, Sorrow and Thorn trilogy and was first published in 1988.
This is epic fantasy, nearly 800 pages of it and it lasts the pace well. The Dragonbone Chair brings together all the elements that are found in many a fantasy book and re-produces them in a beautiful and endearing way.
Simon, our hero, is an orphan boy and his story is told in a way that reminded me somewhat of Robin Hobb's Farseer trilogy. I say this because we often listen to Simon's inner thoughts throughout the tale and this is a very comforting narrative that really involves you in the tale.
The characters are strong and well-formed and Tad Williams takes time early on in the book to fully round them out and put some flesh onto the bones. After we are fully introduced to the players and have become comfortable in the world then the pace of the book really picks up and the strands of the tale spread out until there are multiple storylines on the go at the same time.
This is a very worthwhile read, if you find it a struggle initially, stick with it as these early chapters are important and leave you perfectly placed to enjoy the gripping story that is to follow.
Epic, traditional fantasy of a high standard.
All reviews for: Memory Sorrow and Thorn
Have you read The Dragonbone Chair?
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The Dragonbone Chair reader reviews
Xavier from Austria
This is traditional epic fantasy and has the strengths and weaknesses that you often find with this sub-genre. Regular fantasy readers will find much that is familiar but most will find comfort in this. The path of the story, from orphaned keep boy to adventures that lead to mighty battles and conversations with the great and powerful, is well trodden. As is the journeying from point to point, interspersed with events of importance. Williams writes a pleasant narrative and if you enjoy books such as Lord of the Rings, The Wheel of Time, Belgariad and Shannara books, and are looking for a similar style of fantasy, then The Dragonbone Chair should be on your to-read list.
Mike from USA
I really enjoyed this book from beginning to end. I can see why George R. R. Martin was influenced by this series when he wrote A Song of Ice and Fire. There are many similarities. I love the characters in this book. They feel very real. This book made me want to be Doctor Morgenes' apprentice, instead of Simon. I wanted to climb to the top of Green Angel Tower. I wanted to visit the ruins of the ancient Sithi cities. This book awakened in me a feeling of loss for a people I had never known, and for a time I have never seen. Tad Williams breathed life into this world, and I loved every page of this novel.
Anonymous from WA
I am not sure what to honestly think of this book! When I started it I thought it a bit dull, and my opinion of dullness quickly heightened as I read. I ended up giving the book back to my friend and muttering about having too many books to read at the time, but, sadly, I have a horrible poker face and she saw right through me, and The DragonBone Chair being her favorite book, she was extremely offended. The only reason I give this book 5 stars out of 10 is because the cover art was nice and I am loyal to the publishing company.
Danijel from Croatia
It starts good but in last two books of series all is going downhill. The ending of series is the worst thing I ever read in fantasy books.
Jack from Chester
Think Lord of the Rings is the greatest fantasy series of all time? Think again. Once you begin these books, it is impossible to put them down... seriously! Tad Williams makes you feel for the characters, like they're real and you want to reach the end to find out what's happening, but don't want the book to end. The twists in the plot and the way he ties them together at the end is amazing... If you want fantasy then READ THIS NOW!
7.3/10 from 6 reviews
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The Banished Lands are torn by war as the army of High King Nathair sweeps the realm challenging all who oppose his holy crusade. Allied with the manipulative Queen Rhin of... | <urn:uuid:9f510d75-528d-4808-b578-915e512b750f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fantasybookreview.co.uk/Tad-Williams/The-Dragonbone-Chair.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95211 | 2,714 | 1.609375 | 2 |
The Success Principles Review. The Success Principles is a very philosophical book, with a similar message to books from other authors of Jack’s generation. Some of the techniques reminded me of The Miracle Morning, Jack talks a lot about visualization and affirmations.. I really loved the completion weekend exercise, it spoke to me since it’s exactly what I need most myself right now, so. I Propose To Treat Of The Principles Of Success In Literature, In The Belief That If A Clear Recognition Of The Principles Which Underlie All Successful Writing Could Once Be Gained, It Would Be No Inconsiderable Help To Many A Young And Thoughtful Mind. Is It Necessary To Guard Against A Misconception Of My Object, And To Explain That I Hope To Furnish Nothing More Than Help And . Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The Principles of Success in Literature by George Henry Lewes (, Hardcover) at the best online prices at . This e-book text has been shared by Project Gutenberg The Principles of Success in Literature by George Henry Lewes This free downloadable e-book can be read on your computer or e-reader. Mobi files can be read on Kindles, Epub files can be read on other e-book readers, and Zip files can be downloaded and read on your computer.
Principles of success in literature
Publisher: Folcroft Library Editions in Folcroft, Pa
Written in English
- Style, Literary.
|Statement||George Henry Lewes ; with introd. and notes by Fred N. Scott.|
|LC Classifications||PN145 .L4 1978|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||163 p. :|
|Number of Pages||163|
|LC Control Number||78007780|
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The book is organized in several sections to make these references easier to follow: The Fundamental of Success (which includes principles like Take % Responsibility for Your Life, Be Clear Why You're Here, Decide What You Want, Believe It's Possible, Believe in Yourself, Unleash the Power of Goal-Setting, Feel the Fear and Do It Anyway, Be Cited by: THE PRINCIPLES OF SUCCESS IN LITERATURE by George Henry Lewes This eBook was prepared by Roland Cheney.
In the development of the great series of animal organisms, the Nervous System assumes more and more of an imperial character. The rank held by any animal is determined by this character, and not at all by its bulk, its strength, or even its.
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The Principles of Success in Literature by George Henry Lewes Part 1 out of 3. world to worship success is not dangerous. The book which succeeds accomplishes its aim.
The book which fails may have many excellencies, decree, if possible, the Principles of Success--not to supply recipes for absent power, but to expound the laws through. The Principles of Success in Literature lesson plan template and teaching resources.
This e-book text has been shared by Project Gutenberg ber of contributions: Join the Jack’s Success Principles Team and Teach These Principles to Others. If you want to share with others the powerful changes that come from reading and applying The Success Principles, click here to download a free 6-lesson Instructor’s Manual — complete with handouts and forms — developed for you by Jack here to download.
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Napoleon Hill was an American author in the area of the new thought movement who was one of the earliest producers of the modern genre of personal-success literature.
He is widely considered to be one of the great writers on success. His teachings have gone on to influence entire generations of success seekers, setting the standard for the foundations of today's motivational thinking/5().
The Principles of Success in Literature | (LARGE PRINT EDITION) This book is a facsimile reprint and may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages.
Principles of Management teaches management principles to tomorrow's business leaders by weaving three threads through every chapter: strategy, entrepreneurship and active leadership.
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Learn about Thomas Juli’s book Leadership Principles for Project York: CRC Press. The Book This book is about PROJECT LEADERSHIP & PROJECT SUCCESS. Filled with samples, templates, and guidelines that readers can immediately use in their projects,this practical guide covers the five principles of effective project leadership and how they can be applied in daily project work.
A few years back I read The Success Principles: How to Get From Where You Are to Where You Want to Be by Jack Canfield for the first time, and since I have re-read the book at least once a year.
Jack Canfield, the author of The Success Principles, is regarded as Americas #1 Success coach. He is also the co-author of the Chicken Soup for the Soul series, which has more than titles, and.
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Hope you enjoy it. The first time I ever heard Ray Dalio’s name was in Tony Robbins’s book ’s the founder and CEO of Bridgewater Associates, the largest and most successful hedge fund in the made money for his clients in 23 out of the last 26 years, I was astounded to find Ray generously sharing his ‘All Seasons Portfolio’ for individual investors back then.
This book is sometimes confused with The Master Key to Riches, also by Napolean Hill but it is a completely different to success offers more in depth information on how to apply the 17 principles of will learn the secrets of:* Definitness of purpose* Creating a positive attitude* Building your self-discipline* Organizing your time and energy* Cultivating creative vision Cited by: 2.Principles of Success Made Easy - 14 easy steps to climb the ladder of success would prove to be not only a guidebook for success but also a reservoir and storehouse of strength and motivation.
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The Surprisingly Complex Principles of a Successful Picture Book A look at the nuts and bolts of children’s literature from Senior Editor Melissa Manlove. | <urn:uuid:5c3700b9-a94d-4eef-8364-a863020f6c13> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fimahyzegygalavit.komabraindeathcuba.com/principles-of-success-in-literature-book-29828kj.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.903662 | 2,622 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Replicated field studies to evaluate the efficacy of transgenic cotton express-ing the delta endotoxin protein of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t. cotton) against the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea) (Boddie), the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) (Hubner) and stink bugs, primarily Acrosternum hilare (Say) and Euschistis servus (Say), were carried out in several representative cotton-producing areas in North Carolina from 1992 to 1995 under conditions of generally late planting (early to late May) and moderate to high bollworm pressure. In keeping with normal North Carolina cotton production practices, plots were neither irrigated nor treated with a disruptive overspray to enhance larval establishment. Overall, averaged over years and locations, the B.t. (BollgardTM) cotton lines evaluated (MON-81, MON 757 [BT-02], NuCOTN 33 and NuCOT35) expressed bollworm control and yields almost identical to the pyrethroid-protected, non-transformed varieties (Coker 312, DP-5415 and DP-5690) in both small plot and in larger-scale (2.5 to 5-acre) tests. European corn borer stem and boll damage were virtually non-existent in any of the studies. Stink bug damage to bolls in the B.t. lines, similar to the untransformed, unprotected lines, was at times significantly greater than that found in the pyrethroid- protected varieties (though typically, the damage was low to moderate), confirming that the Bollgard lines offered no protection against stink bugs, and also suggesting that stink bugs could become an economic consideration in some areas of North Carolina with the adoption of this technology. In comparing the Bollgard cotton lines with the untrans-formed, pyrethroid-protected lines for total boll damage (bollworm, European corn borer, fall armyworm and stink bug), averaged over all tests, years and locations (8 replicated comparisons), overall means were essentially the same. | <urn:uuid:ca2e19cf-ccdb-4888-b890-814c63fcec71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings/1996/abstracts/366.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.924827 | 446 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Constellation Program Cost and Schedule Will Remain Uncertain Until a Sound Business Case Is Established
GAO-09-844: Published: Aug 26, 2009. Publicly Released: Sep 25, 2009.
NASA's Constellation program is developing the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle and the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle as the agency's first major efforts in a plan to return to the moon and eventually send humans to Mars. GAO has issued a number of reports and testimonies on various aspects of this program, and made several recommendations. GAO was asked to assess NASA's progress in implementing GAO's recommendations for the Ares I and Orion projects, and identify risks the program faces. GAO analyzed NASA plans and schedules, risk mitigation information, and contract performance data relative to knowledge-based acquisition practices identified in prior GAO reports, and interviewed government officials and contractors.
NASA is still struggling to develop a solid business case--including firm requirements, mature technologies, a knowledge-based acquisition strategy, a realistic cost estimate, and sufficient funding and time--needed to justify moving the Constellation program forward into the implementation phase. Gaps in the business case include significant technical and design challenges for the Orion and Ares I vehicles, such as limiting vibration during launch, eliminating the risk of hitting the launch tower during lift off, and reducing the mass of the Orion vehicle, represent considerable hurdles that must be overcome in order to meet safety and performance requirements; and a poorly phased funding plan that runs the risk of funding shortfalls in fiscal years 2009 through 2012, resulting in planned work not being completed to support schedules and milestones. This approach has limited NASA's ability to mitigate technical risks early in development and precludes the orderly ramp up of workforce and developmental activities. In response to these gaps, NASA delayed the date of its first crewed-flight and changed its acquisition strategy for the Orion project. NASA acknowledges that funding shortfalls reduce the agency's flexibility in resolving technical challenges. The program's risk management system warned of planned work not being completed to support schedules and milestones. Consequently, NASA is now focused on providing the capability to service the International Space Station and has deferred the capabilities needed for flights to the moon. Though these changes to the overarching requirements are likely to increase the confidence level associated with a March 2015 first crewed flight, these actions do not guarantee that the program will successfully meet that deadline. Nevertheless, NASA estimates that Ares I and Orion represent up to $49 billion of the over $97 billion estimated to be spent on the Constellation program through 2020. While the agency has already obligated more than $10 billion in contracts, at this point NASA does not know how much Ares I and Orion will ultimately cost, and will not know until technical and design challenges have been addressed.
Recommendation for Executive Action
Status: Closed - Implemented
Comments: Subsequent to the issuance of our report, the Augustine Commission, a blue ribbon panel of experts chaired by Norm Augustine and stood up by the President to advise him on NASA's manned space program issued a report that mirrored GAO's findings. The Augustine Committee found that Constellation key milestones were slipping, that the program would not return humans back to the moon in any reasonable time or within any affordable cost, and that far more funding was needed to successfully implement the Constellation program. The President and the NASA Administrator agreed with the findings of the Augustine Commission. NASA's fiscal year 2011 budget request canceled the Constellation program, effectively delaying the program's entry into the implementation phase of development, and laid out NASA's plans for moving forward. These plans, however, have not been well received by the Congress. Congress in the FY2010 Omnibus appropriation Act prohibited NASA from using FY 2010 funding appropriated to terminate the Constellation program. Numerous compromise proposals have been advocated by interested parties within and outside NASA and the Congress. Deliberations on NASA's future plans for manned spaceflight are likely to continue into calendar year 2011 when NASA submits its fiscal year 2012 budget request.
Recommendation: The new NASA Administrator should direct the Constellation program, or its successor, to develop a sound business case--supported by firm requirements, mature technologies, a preliminary design, a realistic cost estimate, and sufficient funding and time--before proceeding into implementation, and, if necessary, delay the preliminary design review until a sound business case demonstrating the program's readiness to move forward into implementation is in hand.
Agency Affected: National Aeronautics and Space Administration | <urn:uuid:96fdf1c9-337f-4bc6-8c46-1257513b3318> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-09-844 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00557-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938196 | 902 | 2.1875 | 2 |
- Blog By
Ms. Sumita Sen Mazumdar
Editor – Content & Academic Coordinator – KG
The Indian Public School
February 19, 2021 | In Blog
For non-native English speakers in the Indian subcontinent there’s strong temptation to give in to regional speech corruption like the phrases in the title. One imagines the thought process preceding such utterances to be:
“It sounds like English, it’s spelt in English, there’s something that looks like a verb or maybe a preposition too. Other people seem to be using it the same way. So, that must mean it’s alright.”
Thomas Gray’s famous quote, “Ignorance is bliss” together with Newton’s first law about inertia being a condition in which objects remain in their state at rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force is a possible explanation of how ignorance & inertia disturbingly perpetuate language transgressions with the zeal of a nasty virus.
So, why isn’t it noted with thanks then?
Well, for starters, people note things with a pen or pencil and now in contemporary times, maybe with their smartphone, all of which are tangible nouns, by the way. There’s no logical way to note anything with ‘thanks,’ an intangible noun here. You could safely say, “Noted. Thank you.” This is an accepted and polite acknowledgment anywhere in the world. You could even say, “Thank you for letting me know.”
Don’t worry, you can’t possibly ‘mistake me!’
“Please don’t misunderstand me” is correct if you’re trying to make sure someone hasn’t interpreted what you’ve communicated to them the wrong way. You could, however, easily mistake me for my sister because we look alike!
That is too good (to be true)!
Another favourite misuse is saying, “The movie is too good,” instead of “The movie is very good.” ‘Too good’ has a negative connotation and actually means the opposite. It also has to be followed by a ‘to’ somewhere in the sentence for making sense!
If they ‘said you’ to ‘suggest me to sing instead of talking’ it’s probably because they ‘doesn’t know’ any better.
Wrong on triple counts as you’ve probably reasoned out already. Nevertheless, here’s what it would look like grammatically correct, “If they told you to suggest that I sing instead of talking it’s probably because they don’t know any better.” To an unkind observer who knows the difference, it’s a good laugh at the expense of the obviously clueless speaker or writer who doesn’t understand the comical communication they just served up on a plate with the botched grammar. What about the speaker or writer? Is the excuse that this isn’t their native language a reasonable justification?
Interestingly, a basic principle in law is the Latin maxim, “ignorantia legis neminem excusat” or “ignorance of law excuses no one.” Perhaps, we can draw a similar analogy in communication that ignorance isn’t an acceptable excuse. The onus is on us to speak and write making perfect sense.
So, if you’re a grammar perpetrator it’s probably time to take necessary correctional procedures!
Also read TEACH THE TEACHER – THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH & SOFT SKILLS TRAINING FOR EDUCATORS IN INDIA. | <urn:uuid:c6645a57-a59a-4388-b1fb-91432944cf85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theindianpublicschool.org/note-with-thanks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.938318 | 795 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Series: Nato Science Series: IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences Volume: 52
Proceedings of the NATO Adanced Research Workshop on Use of Humates to Remediate Polluted Environments: From Theory to Practice, held in Zvenigorod, Russia, 23-29 September 2002.
This is the first book aimed at the development of a common language among scientists working in the field of humic research and environmental engineers specialized in remediation technologies. In pursuing this goal, the engineer is provided with sufficient information on the basics and state of the art of humic research pertinent to remediation. For the interested scientist, this text provides sufficient information on the methods, needs, and limitations of existing remediation technologies, and on the latest developments in applied humic research. A novel approach is undertaken to categorizing the interactions encountered between humics, ecotoxicants, and living organisms in a polluted environment in the context of remediation chemistry. The volume pays particular attention to in situ remediation as the most viable option for the application of humics. The content of this book is of interest to scientists and engineers.
There are currently no reviews for this product. Be the first to review this product! | <urn:uuid:e5dea93b-5ed2-4f9c-8aa5-3b784b6257a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nhbs.com/title/141624?title=use-of-humic-substances-to-remediate-polluted-environments-from-theory-to-practice | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00135-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912337 | 245 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Tintin used to move in the highest of circles. He counted, Kings, Counts, Duchesses and Dictators among his list of friends. No wonder, he used to roam in the best of the cars too. The next car I am going to introduce is nothing but the epitome of car automobile engineering. Labelled as the best car in the world, which were named after ghosts and phantoms because they were so silent. Yes, I am talking about Rolls Royce. In “Blue Lotus”, Tintin is seen in a Rolls Royce Phantom I while he bids good bye to the King of Gaipajama on his way to Shanghai.
Though I don’t think I need to introduce my readers to the Rolls Royce, but just for the formality. Rolls Royce was founded on 15 Mar 1906 by Charles Stewart Rolls and Sir Fredrick Henry Royce. This company, in addition to cars, also builds aircraft engines, marine engines, nuclear reactors etc. The company was nationalised in 1971 after it faced financial problems during the development of the RB211 jet engine. The nationalised company was renamed as Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited. In 1973, the car division was separated as the Rolls-Royce Motor. Incidentally, today, Bentley Motors Ltd, which is a subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group is the direct successor of the Rolls-Royce Motor and not Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Limited which is owned by BMW. Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Limited was established in 1998 after BMW was licensed the rights to the Rolls-Royce brand name and logo from Rolls-Royce PLC and acquired the rights to the Spirit of Ecstasy and Rolls-Royce grill shape trademarks from Volkswagen AG. This company is the exclusive manufacturer of Rolls-Royce branded motor cars since 2003. Slightly complicated, but then that is a story for another day.
Coming to the car under discussion, the Phantom was introduced in 1925 as a replacement for the silver ghost. This car was manufactured in Derby in England and at Springfield in USA. The car was in production till 1929 and was replaced by the Phantom II. A total of 3509 cars were produced, 2269 in UK and 1240 in the USA. This car was the flagship of the company till 1929 and was also called the 40/50 HP.
This car was powered by a 7668 cc straight six cylinder engine with push rod operated over head valves. The engine was cast iron and had two valves per cylinder. The six cylinders were assembled as three sets of two cylinders each with separate removable cylinder heads for each set. Rolls Royce traditionally never indicates the power produced by their engines. When launched the car was said to produce ” sufficient power”. However, the car produced 108 HP at 2300 rpm. It had a four speed manual gearbox which transmitted power to the rear wheels. This arrangement was sufficient to propel the car to an estimated maximum speed of 135 to 145 km/h (84 to 90 mph). It used semi elliptical springs in the front suspension and cantilever springs to suspend the rear axle.The car had four wheel braking licensed form Hispano Suiza. It employed drum brakes on all four wheels. However, early US models had only rear wheel brakes. Another difference between the US and UK vehicles was the gear box. The American cars had a three speed manual gear box.
As was the trend at that time, only the mechanical parts and chassis was manufactured by Rolls Royce. Bodies could be ordered by the owners on any of a number of coach builders like, Barker, Park Ward, Thrupp & Maberley, Mulliner and Hooper. Bodies for the American cars were built by Brewster & Co owned by Rolls Royce itself. | <urn:uuid:a5024d80-e7e4-4cfd-9671-efb7e2dd53cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thetransportjournal.com/2015/05/16/cars-of-tintin-series-rolls-royce-phantom-i/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.979096 | 777 | 2.03125 | 2 |
1Orthopedic Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91766- 99199, Iran
2Orthopedic Research Center
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91766-
Background: The prevalence of hip dysplasia is 1 in 1000. Several pelvic osteotomy methods have been developed to prevent early osteoarthritis, such as triple osteotomy. In this study we are going to introduce our new technique that was done on 4 patients with favorable short-term results.
Methods: Four patients underwent triple osteotomy and fixation using a reconstruction plate and early weight bearing was started. Results: The Harris Hip Score, limb length, center-edge angle, and acetabular inclination showed improvement. Conclusion: This modified technique is suggested for corrective surgery on adult dysplastic hips. | <urn:uuid:5981a818-7dad-47f5-91b9-5a33afab7631> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_1733.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00193-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88026 | 172 | 1.773438 | 2 |
I have sterling silver sheets, wire, and scrap from when I took a jewelry class in the early 1990s. It’s approximately 13.5 standard ounces. What is this worth melted down? From Deanna in Destin, Florida
Silver used in jewelry making such as wire, sheet and clasps is typically 925 sterling silver so it probably contains 92.5% silver. Unfortunately, components and scraps are often not marked so we would need to run analytical tests to determine the exact percentage of silver in your items. For evaluation purposes, let’s assume all of the material is sterling silver.
Given this, you can use our silver value calculator, plug in the market price of silver, and calculate its value. *Today the price of silver is $18.35 USD per troy ounce. Note that standard ounces or avoirdupois ounces are different than troy ounces (1 troy ounce = 1.09714 avoirdupois ounces). Below is a screenshot of the calculator showing the steps you would go through to find the market value of 13.5 avoirdupois ounces of 925 silver.
Based on these figures, the market value of your silver is $208.85. Of course, the calculated value provides market indications of what your silver is worth if it were in an investment grade form. As a refiner, we will need to refine the silver, put it into sellable form, and execute the transaction with a buyer. As such, we typically pay 75% of 925 sterling silver value by weight.
Note: The price of silver changes daily. The given price may not reflect the current price of silver. | <urn:uuid:4026bc25-7848-4def-ae82-5396bb10d152> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.precious-metal-refining.info/refine-sterling-silver-sheet-wire-scrap-precious-metal-refining-blog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.940459 | 349 | 2.0625 | 2 |
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
National Federation of the Blind Commends Amazon on Unveiling of New Accessible Kindle
Baltimore, Maryland (July 29, 2010): The National Federation of the Blind (NFB) today commended Amazon on the unveiling of a new, accessible Kindle. Amazon announced Wednesday that the new Kindle will come equipped with a voice guide that reads all menu options aloud so blind and other print-disabled people can navigate the device menus.
Dr. Marc Maurer, President of the National Federation of the Blind, said: “We commend Amazon on the unveiling of a new Kindle that blind and print-disabled people can use. In order to compete in today’s digital society, blind and print-disabled people must be able to access the same reading technologies as the sighted. The National Federation of the Blind has long been urging Amazon to make its reading device accessible, and we are pleased that our efforts have come to fruition.”
In June 2009 the National Federation of the Blind and the American Council of the Blind (ACB) filed suit against Arizona State University (ASU) to prevent the university from deploying Amazon’s Kindle DX electronic reading device as a means of distributing electronic textbooks to its students because the device cannot be used by blind students. The Kindle DX featured text-to-speech technology that can read textbooks aloud to blind students. The menus of the device were not accessible to the blind, however, making it impossible for a blind user to purchase books from Amazon’s Kindle store, select a book to read, activate the text-to-speech feature, and use the advanced reading functions available on the Kindle DX.
For more information on the National Federation of the Blind, please visit www.nfb.org. | <urn:uuid:5899f6b6-4599-446b-ac48-82505838998c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://nfb.org/node/1045 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00400-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911489 | 361 | 1.578125 | 2 |
We provided you the details in our latest publications of the launching of our new Soyons production unit located in Ardèche in the heart of the Aromatic and Medicinal plants' cradle devoted to extraction procedures. Today we propose to focus on the technologies we have available for producing botanical extracts.
Graphic diagrams of the manufacturing process of liquid and powder extracts at Natural Origins
Plants are harvested at the right moment depending on ripeness and actives contents. They are dried quickly using adapted means to preserve quality. The first processing phase involves sorting and cutting to obtain optimum granulometry for extraction. We carry out these preparation steps on our historical site next to Lyon.
These cut plants are then used for extracting using a water/ethanol mixture. Our automated percolation system makes it possible to perfectly control all the extraction parameters: contact time, percolation flow, temperature, pressure, etc.
Our tool is flexible and enables treating all parts of the plant and adapting to different defined operating conditions. The extraction process is completely automated and is extremely precise and repeatable to ensure consistent quality.
Our extraction system is likewise equipped with an aromatic plant volatile fraction recovery system. This enables isolating this substantial fraction which is generally eliminated and degraded during the traditional extraction procedures. By reincorporating this at the end of the process we can preserve the aromatic profile of the plant.
The concentration step follows extraction. The objective is to concentrate the extract by recycling recuperated water and ethanol. We have a dual system evaporator equipped with a finisher which enables recuperating the concentrate while limiting losses. The concentration is carried out under pressure in order to guarantee a low temperature to preserve the actives of the extract. This equipment is fully automated and provides reliable regulating of temperature and vacuum conditions from the start to the finish of the procedure.
3. Liquid formulation
Concentrates can then be integrated into the composition of our liquid extracts. We have a tank available for these liquid extract formulations before filtering and packaging.
The concentrate obtained can be pasteurised using a flash type pasteurisation system. Once again we are attached to technologies which enable reducing the impact of thermal treatments. Our technology is based on injecting clean vapours to increase the temperature instantly and thus optimise the thermal treatment. This step meets all microbiology requirements.
5. Drying tower
A large part of our markets use powder extracts. We are equipped with a drying tower used to obtain these extracts from concentrated extracts. Depending on the respective recipes for each product, we add a support to standardise the extract prior to drying. The powder once it has come out of drying is mixed and sifted before being packaged.
6. Clean-in-Place (CIP)
Particular care has been taken in cleaning our production lines. We are naturally brought to handling different raw materials. Cleaning between two plants handled is essential to guaranteeing an absence of cross over contamination.
The CIP process we have conceived is adapted to all efficient cleaning processes while optimising the length of the cycle and limiting manual input. It is both a guarantee for efficiency but also for the safety of our operators.
New production capabilities at Natural Origins
Natural Origins has the annual capability of handling the extraction of 300 to 500 tons of plants at the Aromatic and Medicinal Plants' cradle in the Ardèche. This enables responding in a sustainable and eco responsible manner to the requirements of industrials throughout the nutraceutical (Life Science & Nutrition), Food & Beverage and Herbal & Teas world.
In addition to this, the company will participate in developing « Made in France » strong regional overtone plants (aromatic herbs like oregano, savory, wild thyme, thyme, medicinal plants like olive leaves, ash leaves, red vine and plants for the tea and infusions market including mint, lemon balm, amongst others).
With men and women and their unique know-how in Aromatic and Medicinal plants, small scale structures enable full traceability, guaranteeing quality. Natural Origins will likewise be able to develop the notion of terroir which is favourable to reflecting a unique brand for its clients (original acts, top notch local ORGANIC product range).
This will enable standing out with a marketing supply chain while securing an ethical and transparent procurement supply chain.
Need to create tailor-made solutions? Feel free to contact us via our Botanical Studio®. | <urn:uuid:cc649551-cd61-46b0-9699-909403648dc9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mynaturalorigins.com/en/blog/focus-on-the-new-natural-origins-plant-extract-production-capabilities | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.899324 | 922 | 1.945313 | 2 |
There are people who do not manage to fall in love or establish love ties. There are others that had only one company and maintain it against all odds. But there are also those are always in partner and, if they suffer a love break, they automatically look for new company. In psychology, this way of connecting continuously, without oxygenating pause, is known as “liana relationship”.
“In these cases, what is missing is a grieving processa process that consists of different stages that a person must go through, ”psychology graduate Eliana Álvarez (MN 68,245) warns Con Bienestar.
I also read: Breakups and loneliness increase the risk of health problems
This inner time can last a yearalthough it does not mean that a person cannot start another relationship in a “healthy way” before, because times are “very relative in psychology”, since each person is different.
The duel in a breakup
The lawyer indicates that there must be a moment of reconstruction of that rupture or that loss. Pretend that nothing happened it is not convenientas one would be missing elaborationa conclusion to that stage.
Don’t give him that closure, he can have impact in the near or distant future. “In some way, not being able to process that part of his life makes the person disconnected,” he says.
In his office, Álvarez sees cases of people who end up with one partner on Friday and start with another on Saturday.
“This is, at some point, a difficulty that the person has to face what we call the empty. That loneliness, that lack that we all have and that sometimes turns out to be distressing”, describes the psychologist. In certain personalities, it is more difficult to face that emptiness.
“One tries, in some way and through the certain couples that one chooses, make up for a lackwhich can mean an infinity of things, since it depends on each person”, explains Álvarez.
The “liana relationships”
In loving bonds, one of its fundamental components is the desire. And in “liana relationships”, the person “is not locating himself as the subject he desires and cannot be recognized internally.”
“For a variety of reasons, this happens. Each person in his psyche it is singular and must always be analyzed in its context. Although, if one aspect must be highlighted, the strongest has to do with the inability to find yourself”, indicates the graduate.
The dependent personality it is another possible factor, and, in that case, “we will have to see what relationship he had with his parents, to determine if he is following some pattern of behavior that transfers it to his love life.”
Is it difficult to put a stop to them? “Yes,” Alvarez replies. “It is difficult, because the person he doesn’t do it consciously”, he adds.
Patients who go through this type of situation manage to identify the problem after work that takes time and consists of an elaboration of the past and the current context. | <urn:uuid:c03fbc0a-61d5-404f-93fb-d34f82619e4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newswep.com/news/changing-your-partner-right-away-after-a-love-breakup-can-cause-anguish-and-emptiness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.969518 | 664 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Arizona Energy Exports
The Arizona Corporation Commission voted down a proposal by Southern California Edison to run more high voltage power lines from Arizona to California. Califonia is a net electricity importer while Arizona is a net exporter. Arizona currently supplies about 30% of California's electicity imports. As always, there were arguments for and against.
Edison executives argued that would be good for Arizona because it would generate jobs and increase the state's ability to transmit energy. Other utility-related businesses spoke in favor of the plan...
"I don't want Arizona to be the energy farm for California. That's my bottom line," said Bill Mundell, commission member...
Corporation Commission staff members said Arizona taxpayers could lose up to $292 million because the plants could sell their electricity to the California markets, driving up energy costs for Arizonans.
Arizona also will need those plants as the state continues to grow at a rapid rate, said Kris Mayes, commission member.
"You (Southern California Edison) are trying to drop a giant extension cord into Arizona, the fastest-growing state in the country," she said.
A couple of points. Anytime you export something the local price goes up. In return, you increase local economic activity and grow the local economy. The jobs and economic growth are the reasons that, most of the time, governments encourage exports. In this case, the commission is more concerned about the potential price increases.
Also note something else about our energy usage.
Most energy use fits into a couple of broad categories - fixed site and transportation. Most fixed site usage in Arizona is electricity although we also use a bit of natural gas for heating. Most transportation usage is liquid - gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and whatnot. While Arizona is a net exporter of electricity, we import essentially all of our transportation fuels. About 70% of those come from California.
The commission also chided California for not building enough power plants in their own state. Note that Arizona Clean Fuels has been trying to get approval to build a refinery in Arizona for over a decade. | <urn:uuid:726715ad-0c76-411e-b760-b89701292ef8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://azecon.blogspot.com/2007/06/arizona-energy-exports.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00554-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951142 | 427 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Billionaire investor Warren Buffett denied on Monday an allegation by Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump that he, like Trump, had taken “a massive deduction” that allowed him to avoid federal income taxes.
Buffett said he paid about $1.85 million in income tax in 2015, and that returns for previous years were similar in respect to contributions, deductions and tax rates.
Buffett said he was being audited by the Internal Revenue Service, but had “no problem” releasing his tax information.
Trump has refused to release his tax returns, citing ongoing audits by the IRS.
“I have paid federal income tax every year since 1944, when I was 13,” Buffett said in a statement, adding that “being a slow starter, I owed only $7 in tax that year.”
Buffett, ranked the world’s third-richest person by Forbes magazine, said he had copies of all 72 of his returns “and none uses a carryforward.”
Responding to an Oct. 1 New York Times story, Trump acknowledged during the presidential-candidates’ debate on Sunday that he had used investment losses to avoid paying taxes.
Trump repeatedly said he was only taking advantage of tax provisions used by wealthy people who support Clinton. “I absolutely used it, and so did Warren Buffett ...”, he said.
The Times reported that Trump’s declared loss of $916 million in 1995 was so large that he could legally have avoided paying any federal income taxes for up to 18 years.
Buffett, chairman of Berkshire Hathaway Inc (BRKa.N), said his 2015 tax return showed adjusted gross income of $11,563,931.
“My deductions totaled $5,477,694, of which allowable charitable contributions were $3,469,179. All but $36,037 of the remainder was for state income taxes,” he said.
“The total charitable contributions I made during the year were $2,858,057,970, of which more than $2.85 billion were not taken as deductions and never will be. Tax law properly limits charitable deductions,” Buffett said.
Buffett said he had no problem releasing his tax information while under audit.
“Neither would Mr Trump – at least he would have no legal problem.”
(Reporting by Sruthi Shankar in Bengaluru; Editing by Ted Kerr) | <urn:uuid:73db9de9-cd77-4e9a-bf55-66a24fc32e9a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/httpwwwreuterscomarticleus-usa-election-buffett-iduskcn12a1z0il0_n_57fbd45ce4b0b6a43034744a | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.986363 | 511 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Steam-powered road automobiles, both automobiles and wagons, reached the height of their development within the early 1930s with fast-steaming lightweight boilers and efficient engine designs.
modern automotive technology pdf download
Modern Automotive Technology, supports career readiness for those wishing to pursue a job in the automotive trade. Daimler died in 1900 and later that year, Maybach designed an engine named Daimler-Mercedes that was positioned in a specifically ordered mannequin constructed to specs set by Emil Jellinek This was a manufacturing of a small number of vehicles for Jellinek to race and market in his nation.
Most modern passenger cars are entrance-wheel-drive monocoque or unibody designs, with transversely mounted engines. Key developments included electrical ignition and the electric self-starter (both by Charles Kettering , for the Cadillac Motor Company in 1910-1911), impartial suspension , and four-wheel brakes.
In November 1881, French inventor Gustave Trouvé demonstrated a working three-wheeled car powered by electricity at the Worldwide Exposition of Electricity, Paris 18 English inventor Thomas Parker , who was chargeable for innovations equivalent to electrifying the London Underground , overhead tramways in Liverpool and Birmingham, and the smokeless gasoline coalite , built the primary manufacturing electrical car in London in 1884, using his own specifically designed excessive-capacity rechargeable batteries.
35 In this era the revolutionary ponton design of vehicles without fully articulated fenders , operating boards and other non-compact ledge components was launched in small collection however mass production of such cars was began much later (after WWII).
For the reason that 1920s, practically all vehicles have been mass-produced to fulfill market wants, so advertising plans typically have heavily influenced automotive design. The Ford Mannequin A was a prototype for the start of Soviet mass car production (GAZ A).
modern automotive technology 7th edition pdf
Mahindra & Mahindra has a three way partnership with Ford Motor Firm , where Mahindra & Mahindra owns fifty one% and Ford owns 49%. US, Japan, Germany, France and UK produced about eighty% of motor vehicles by the Eighties. In 1913, the Ford Mannequin T , created by the Ford Motor Firm five years prior, turned the first automobile to be mass-produced on a shifting assembly line By 1927, Ford had produced over 15,000,000 Model T vehicles.
1927-1931 Ford Mannequin A (1927-1931) — after holding the brass era Mannequin T in manufacturing for too long, Ford broke from the previous by restarting its model series with the 1927 Model A. Greater than four million had been produced, making it one of the best-promoting model of the period. | <urn:uuid:873ef0dd-d962-4065-9705-f85f9a126472> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://footslockerca.com/vmware.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.953166 | 581 | 2.90625 | 3 |
It’s well-covered ground that declines in the unemployment rate have been overstating improvements in labor market conditions in this recovery, due to the fact that so many potential workers have dropped out of, or never entered, the labor force because job opportunities are so weak. By my estimates, about a third of the decline in the unemployment rate since its peak in the fall of 2009 was due to potential workers being sidelined, not potential workers finding work. (Note, workers being sidelined was not what caused the drop in the unemployment rate in January, but it has been the dominant factor for the last four+ years.)
Given that declines in the unemployment rate are providing a murky picture of trends in labor market health in this recovery, I think a much more useful indicator is the employment-to-population ratio of “prime-age” workers (workers age 25–54). (In fact, I’ve sometimes referred to this as my “desert island” measure—i.e. if I were headed to a desert island and could only take one measure with me to judge current trends in labor market conditions, this would be it.) The employment-to-population ratio (or EPOP) is simply the share of the population with a job, so this measure entirely sidesteps the issue of whether potential workers are in the labor force. Restricting our attention to prime-age workers serves the important purpose of avoiding confounding changes in employment that are not due to labor market conditions but are instead due to longer-run structural factors, such as baby boomers hitting retirement age and declining employment of young adults due to increased college enrollment.
Lately, the prime-age EPOP is showing a little spunk! There was a big jump up between December and January, but you shouldn’t focus on that because the new January population controls might be at play. If you look over the past year, the prime-age EPOP increased by eight-tenths of a percentage point, which isn’t exactly fast, but it is something.
The January jobs report was pretty bad—the economy added just 113,000. But there has nevertheless been some excitement on social media today about how close we are getting to regaining the pre-recession level of employment. We lost 8,695,000 jobs in the downturn, but we have since gained back 7,844,000, so we are now “only” 851,000 jobs below where we were when the recession began in December 2007. Yay?
No. The December 2007 level of employment is way below where we should be now.
The working-age population—and with it, the potential labor force—is growing all the time. Over the last six years and one month, we should have added 6.7 million jobs to keep up with growth in the potential labor force. Instead, we are down 851,000 jobs. This means that the total gap in the labor market—the number of jobs we need to get back to pre-recession labor market conditions—is 7.6 million. To fill that gap in three years—which would mean, all told, the Great Recession would have caused more than nine years of weak job opportunities and incomes for American workers—we would have to be adding 280,000 jobs per month.
In a recent column, David Brooks argued that increasing the minimum wage is an ineffective response to income inequality because it would do little to raise workers above the poverty level. Instead, he contends, most of the benefits would go to those higher up the income scale. But Brooks’s understanding of the minimum wage’s role is too narrow. The central purpose of the minimum wage is not to lift the poor above the poverty line—it’s to raise the incomes of low-income workers and their families, not just those below the poverty threshold. Current research suggests that minimum-wage increases are well targeted to improving lower-income individuals’ economic condition. This is contrary to the persistent myth that the minimum wage primarily benefits young workers in high-income households.
The argument made by Brooks, and others who focus narrowly on poverty, is specious for several reasons. First, it conflates poverty and inequality. While related, they are not one and the same. Second, the poverty line is both arbitrary and woefully lacking as a measure of well-being. As currently defined, the poverty line is more descriptive of destitution than mere poverty. At $22,111 for a family of two adults and two children, it is less than a quarter of the income needed for a modest but secure living standard in New York City, and just 37 percent of the income needed in rural Nebraska. Third, it is not a weakness but a strength of the minimum wage that it not only improves the well-being workers above the poverty level who are nevertheless struggling to make ends meet. After all, its purpose is to be a floor that supports broad-based wage growth.
Well, that was fast. Last week Speaker John Boehner released a draft set of “standards” (essentially, principles) on immigration reform, which I analyzed in detail. The standards are supposed to set out what the priorities are on immigration for Republicans in the House, presumably so that new House immigration legislation can be based upon them, and to signal to Democrats in the Senate the parameters for future negotiations between the two chambers to reform the immigration system. But this week, the speaker’s office has released a new one-page document, which compares the draft House standards side-by-side with the corresponding sections of the Senate’s bipartisan comprehensive immigration bill that passed in the summer (also known by its bill number, S.744), as well as a “Q&A.” Unfortunately, the side-by-side comparison document makes a number of misleading claims about the provisions in S. 744. In fact, it’s so bad that it’s difficult to take it seriously—and although I’m not in the business of making political predictions or of trying to guess how political parties will behave—as a result it’s hard to believe that the Republican Party and Speaker Boehner are serious about negotiating on immigration.
I won’t address all of the characterizations of the Senate bill in the speaker’s side-by-side document, but I’ll analyze a few notable ones:
The comparison document says the House Standards “mandate a secure border” while the Senate bill “does not guarantee the border will be secure before giving all illegal immigrants citizenship.” Perhaps S. 744 doesn’t exactly use language that “mandates” the border be secure first, but it authorizes the spending of a whopping $46 billion on militarizing the border and ports of entry, and doubling the number of border patrol agents, in order to prevent future flows of unauthorized migrants. As far as the granting of citizenship is concerned, most unauthorized immigrants who pay all the penalties and fees and are able meet the strict income and employment requirements for citizenship still would not be eligible for 13 years. That should be more than enough time to implement $46 billion in new security measures that Republican senators insisted be included in S. 744.
January is the month for “benchmark revisions,” which is when BLS revises its sample-based estimates to match other comprehensive data sources. Preliminary estimates of the benchmark revision, released last fall, showed that with this benchmark revision, the over-the-year change in employment between March 2012 and March 2013 is likely to be revised downward by 124,000. This means that we are likely to find that the gap in the labor market due to the Great Recession and its aftermath is larger than we think it is. Right now, the gap is estimated to be 7.7 million, if the preliminary estimates hold, the gap is instead over 7.8 million.
Another thing happening with this benchmark revision is a code change that moves nearly half a million in employment from the Private Household industry—which is not counted in the establishment survey—to the Education and Health Care Services industry, which is. This means the level of employment in the establishment survey will increase to reflect this coding change. I checked with BLS and they reported they will be revising employment, hours, and wage data back to 1979 to reflect this change.
The household data (which is where the unemployment rate and the labor force participation rate come from) will also be affected by new population controls, but in accordance with standard practice, earlier household data will not be revised to reflect these changes. This means that if you want to know the change in unemployment and labor force participation between December and January, you can’t look at the regular published data, and instead must look at the extra information provided, which will show the over-the-month change after removing the effect of the new controls. Look to tables B and C here to see what information was provided last year at this time.
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit ruled yesterday that the Department of Labor’s H-2B visa wage methodology regulation is valid, handing a defeat to a coalition of employers who want to keep wages low for employees in forestry, seafood, hospitality, landscaping and other physically demanding jobs. In Louisiana Forestry Association v. Secretary, U.S. Department of Labor, the court held that the Immigration and Nationality Act gives the Department of Homeland Security the authority to rely on the Labor Department’s decisions about whether U.S. workers are available for jobs that employers want to offer to foreign workers, and whether U.S. workers will be adversely affected if foreign workers are admitted to the U.S. to do particular jobs.
The Labor Department issued a regulation in 2011 that sets out the most important element for making that determination: setting a prevailing wage rate for each occupation and requiring businesses to advertise jobs to workers in the United States at that rate before hiring foreign workers. The court held that the regulation is valid and rejected the businesses’ argument that the Department of Labor cannot set wages at a level high enough to attract U.S. workers.
The employment data last month showed that just 74,000 payroll jobs were added in December. It is unlikely that the underlying job growth rate is this weak, so the January data, which comes out on Friday, should look substantially better. However, beating 74,000 jobs is a very low bar. To get back to pre-recession labor market conditions in three years, we would need to be adding 285,000 jobs per month. It’s more likely that we’ll see something closer to the average number of jobs added per month in 2013, which was 182,000. At that rate it will take well over five more years to get back to health in the labor market.
Another thing to watch is the labor force participation rate (LFPR), which has dropped from 66.0% to 62.8% over the last six years. My estimates suggest that about one-quarter of that drop is due to long-run factors like baby boomers hitting retirement age and increasing college enrollment of young people, and had nothing to do the Great Recession or the weak recovery. That means about three-quarters of the drop in LFPR is due to potential workers either dropping out of, or never entering, the labor force because job opportunities are so weak.
The labor force may have dropped further in January, due to the expiration of federal unemployment insurance benefits in December. Careful research (here and here) shows that these benefits were keeping people in the labor force. To receive unemployment insurance, workers must be actively seeking work, so receiving UI was giving people a reason to keep looking for work even though job prospects are bleak. (This is actually a good thing because it may increase the share of displaced workers who ultimately find work). A drop in labor force participation due to the expiration of UI extensions would likely lead to another “bad” kind of drop in the unemployment rate—one that comes from potential workers giving up looking for work, not potential workers finding work. This would compound an already serious issue—there are already 6 million “missing workers,” who, because of weak job opportunities, are neither employed nor actively seeking a job. If these missing workers were in the labor market looking for work, the unemployment rate would be 10.2% instead of 6.7%.
The Congressional Budget Office’s new 10-year Budget and Economic Outlook, released this morning, is truly the bearer of bad news. Compared with CBO’s previous outlook, released last May, spending over the next decade is projected to fall, revenues are projected to dramatically fall, and economic growth is projected to plummet.
On the spending side, a combination of policy changes and slower projected economic growth has led to a downward revision of $594 billion in projected outlays over the next decade. And on the other side of the ledger, projected federal revenues have decreased by $1.4 trillion, all due to newly anticipated slower GDP growth and lower inflation (not to mention a further $200 billion decrease in revenues due to technical corrections). The result is almost a $1 trillion increase in federal deficits over the next ten years.
As this morning’s CBO numbers make clear, economic growth is the largest driver of federal revenue, and hence, the key to bringing down deficits. In the short-run, spurring more growth through fiscal policy is easy from an economic perspective—allow the budget deficit to rise to finance spending that spurs aggregate demand in our still demand-starved economy, fostering a full recovery from the Great Recession. In the longer run, improving overall productivity and growth is key. As the CBO report states, “if the growth of real GDP and taxable income was 0.1 percentage point higher or lower per year than in CBO’s baseline projections, revenues would be roughly $270 billion higher or lower over the 2015-2024 period.”
So how did we get in such dire straits regarding growth?
For years, health and labor economists have studied the inefficiencies created by the fact that most Americans under 65 get health insurance through their job. One potentially large inefficiency is “job lock”—people making decisions to take and/or keep a particular job because without it, they wouldn’t have affordable health insurance. The research literature tells us that job lock occurs among workers who would otherwise be entrepreneurs, those who would rather retire, and full-time workers who would rather work part-time, as well as for a host of other reasons.
The value of the employer-sponsored health insurance system is two-fold (and please bear with the oversimplification). First, it pools risk and charges the same price for workers within an organization regardless of their or their dependents’ health status. Second, it’s far better than what’s historically been offered in the individual health insurance market (e.g. denied policies, excluded conditions, discriminatory pricing, etc.). Enter the Affordable Care Act, which has now established state-based health insurance exchanges that significantly reform the individual insurance market and make it possible for many workers and their families to find affordable health insurance coverage outside the employment-based market.
Which brings us to today. The Congressional Budget Office released its Budget and Economic Outlook, and, in Appendix C, one can find an expanded discussion of the labor market effects of the Affordable Care Act.
Senators from States with High Long-Term Unemployment Will Decide the Fate of Emergency Unemployment Compensation
The U. S. Senate is about to vote again on providing unemployment compensation for millions of jobless people who are still looking for work after exhausting their regular state unemployment benefits, which usually happens after 26 weeks. The emergency program, which had been in place since the recession hit in 2008, expired at the end of last year. More than 1.6 million people who would have gotten some help have been cut off, left without the income they desperately need to pay their bills and put food on the table. The Senate is expected to vote tomorrow on a brief, three-month extension.
Senators in several states with very high shares of people who have been jobless for more than six months have not signaled which way they will vote: Sen. Kelly Ayotte in New Hampshire (31.6% of the unemployed are long-term), Sen. Rob Portman of Ohio (34.6% of the jobless are long-term), Sen. Ron Kirk of Illinois (41.3% of the unemployed are long-term), and Sen. Dan Coates of Indiana (29.1% of the unemployed are long-term). The unemployment rate in Illinois (8.6%), in Indiana (6.9%), and Ohio (7.2%), is above the national average.
Even though weekly unemployment insurance benefits average less than $300 a week, they make a huge difference to families that might otherwise have no income at all. They can also have a powerful, positive impact on the economy. EPI’s Heidi Shierholz and Lawrence Mishel estimate that continuing the full program of emergency long-term unemployment compensation would have supported more than 300,000 jobs in 2014. The much-reduced program the Senate will debate tomorrow will affect far fewer workers and have a smaller, but still positive impact on jobs and the economy.
The Overall Employment to Population Ratio: Not the Best Summary Indicator, But Not That Misleading, Either
A blog post by researchers at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York has been making the rounds today, arguing that much of the decline in the employment to population ratio (EPOP) since the Great Recession began is actually reflecting changing demographics of the workforce. The researchers (Samuel Kapon and Joseph Tracy) argue that the overall U.S. EPOP in recent years should have been expected to fall relatively rapidly simply because so many U.S. workers were reaching typical retirement ages and were voluntarily leaving paid work. Given this, they claim that the overall EPOP is a misleading labor market indicator if it’s large fall and subsequent non-recovery is taken as evidence that a demand shortfall continues to keep aggregate demand further beneath the economy’s productive potential than other labor market measures—like the overall unemployment—are currently indicating.
I don’t think this is right.
First, as Matthew Klein has noted on Twitter, the same reasoning doesn’t apply if we just look at the EPOP for prime-age working adults—those between 25 and 54. It seems hard to imagine why lots of these workers would be voluntarily retiring starting right at the beginning of the Great Recession. And yet this measure shows the same sharp decline and subsequent very slow recovery as the overall measure.
Second, a key piece of the method used by Kapon and Tracy to estimate the “trend” EPOP actually answers the question that should be answered by the data. This is how they describe one aspect of their method for constructing the trend:
“… we adopt the normalization that over the thirty-one years in our data sample any business-cycle deviations between the actual and the adjusted E/P ratios will average to zero.”
There Are Plenty of Ways to Cut the Budget. Food Stamps Shouldn’t Be One That Congress Can Agree On.
After two years of debate and foot-dragging, the House and Senate have finally agreed on a farm bill—one that comes with a ten-year price tag of $956 billion. Despite being widely referred to as “the farm bill,” most (almost 80 percent) of the spending in the Agriculture Act of 2014 (its official name) is actually for nutrition programs. And most of that 80 percent goes to fund the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, also known as food stamps).
This isn’t to say the other $200 billion in the farm bill—the sections that more closely relate to actual farms—is not worth commenting on. It is. Among other controversies, a vastly disproportionate share of crop insurance subsidies —which were significantly increased in the bill—accrues to the largest (and richest) farm operators.
The big controversy within the bill, however, is the $8.5 billion cut from SNAP over the next decade. The cuts come from a tightening of the eligibility and benefit rules. Many of these are small-bore: prohibiting deducting the costs of medical marijuana when determining a household’s discretionary income and thus its level of SNAP benefit, disallowing households with large lottery or gaming winnings from receiving SNAP benefits, ensuring violent ex-felons receive benefits only if they follow the terms of their parole, and so on. (CBPP has an excellent rundown of such provisions.)
Raising the Maryland Minimum Wage Will Benefit Nearly Half a Million Workers and Modestly Boost the State’s Economy
Since the end of the Great Recession, Maryland’s economy has slowly healed. The state has gained back all of the jobs lost in the downturn, and Maryland’s unemployment rate of 6.1 percent is down significantly from its high of 8.0 percent in early 2010. Yet despite this improvement, there are still considerable challenges facing Maryland workers and families. Population growth since December 2007 means that the state needs to create more than 180,000 jobs just to get back to the unemployment rate preceding the recession.1 Furthermore, wages have fallen significantly for the majority of Maryland workers, particularly for low-wage workers—real wages at the 20th percentile declined by a nation-leading $1.24 since 2009. Raising Maryland’s minimum wage would combat these downward wage trends and put much-needed money in the pockets of low-income workers who are likely to spend that additional income right away. Given current economic conditions, where tepid consumer demand is holding back employment growth, this additional consumer spending would provide a modest, but meaningful boost to Maryland’s economy.
The Maryland Minimum Wage Act of 2014 (SB 331 and HB 295), similar to a proposal we analyzed last year, would raise Maryland’s minimum wage from the current $7.25 per hour to $10.10 per hour by 2016. It would also increase the tipped minimum wage from 50 percent to 70 percent of the full minimum wage, and index both wage rates to rise automatically with the cost of living. The data show that this proposal would improve the well-being of thousands of working families in Maryland, while injecting almost half a billion dollars into the economy.
This analysis provides an overview of the economic impact and demographic details of the workers who would benefit from the proposed increase in the minimum wage, examining their gender, age, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, work hours, family composition, and other characteristics. It also details the estimated economic activity and job-creation impacts that would result from raising the Maryland minimum wage to $10.10.
In his State of the Union Address, President Obama said that because “ninety-eight percent of our exporters are small businesses, new trade partnerships with Europe and the Asia-Pacific will help them create more jobs.” This suggests that small businesses will benefit most from trade, but that is not the case. In fact, two-thirds of U.S. exports are generated by multinational companies (domestic and foreign) operating in this country, as shown in the figure below. These massive firms also generated more than two thirds of U.S. imports and an even larger share of the job-destroying U.S. goods trade deficits.
And therein lies the not so hidden underbelly of international trade and investment deals that the president has consistently refused to discuss: job displacing imports. A surge of imports from low wage countries has driven down wages for working people in the United States. In fact, imports are responsible for 90% of the growth in the college/noncollege wage gap since 1995.
Those same multinational companies were the biggest supporters of trade and investment deals with Mexico, Korea and China, deals that have cost U.S. workers nearly four million jobs in the past two decades. Now, the multinationals are demanding that the president complete trade deals with nearly a dozen countries in Asia and Latin America (the TPP), and a new trade and investment deal with Europe (the TTIP) that will open our markets to goods made by millions of low wage workers in Eastern Europe.
Speaker of the House John Boehner has just released the Republican Party’s anxiously awaited and very brief “Standards for Immigration Reform.” President Obama and the Democrats, and the Senate generally, have needed a dancing partner to get immigration reform passed, move the country forward, and give it an economic boost by granting legal status and citizenship to the nearly 12 million unauthorized immigrants who are living in the shadows. Although it’s far from a concrete legislative proposal, the Standards released today at least give us a hint of what the Republican caucus might eventually be willing to vote on.
My initial reaction to the Standards can be summed up as, “You’ve come a long way, baby.”
Boehner laid out six specific Standards. Much of it is unobjectionable and looks very similar to what passed in the Senate’s comprehensive immigration bill (S. 744) in the summer. The section titled “Border Security and Interior Enforcement Must Come First” is vague and takes a jab at administrations from both parties for not adequately enforcing immigration laws, and takes a thinly veiled swipe at President Obama by noting that presidents should not be able to “unilaterally stop immigration enforcement.” This of course, ignores the nearly two million deportations the president’s Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has carried out, much to the chagrin of his progressive supporters and immigration advocates. The “Employment Verification and Workplace Enforcement” and “Implement Entry-Exit Visa Tracking System” sections are also vague, but broadly call for E-Verify and entry-exit visa system reforms like those in S. 744. One notable exception is the Republicans’ insistence that the entry-exit system be biometric. (Whether such a system should be biometric was a main topic of contention during the Senate’s debate on S. 744.)Read more
Yesterday morning, I had the honor of participating in a Democratic Steering and Policy Committee hearing, hosted by Leader Nancy Pelosi, in the Cannon House Office Building. Appearing with Lilly Ledbetter—whose story of pay discrimination went all the way to the Supreme Court and ultimately resulted in new legislation in 2009 named after her—and Laura Miu, a psychological counselor, who recently experienced pay discrimination, I was able to share recent research by the Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR), which I lead, and by the Economic Policy Institute (EPI), the think tank that provides the last word on virtually all topics related to American workers. The briefing attracted 20 members of Congress, including Representatives Rosa DeLauro and Robert Andrews, who co-chair the Steering and Policy Committee, and Representatives Donna Edwards and Doris Matsui, who chair and vice-chair, respectively, the Democratic Women’s Working Group. IWPR’s research was originally released in January when it appeared in the latest Shriver Report, A Woman’s Nation Pushes Back from the Brink, produced in partnership with the Center for American Progress. EPI’s research was published as an update in December 2013 of an earlier paper last spring that details the impact of an increase in the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour.
The economic progress women have made in the past five decades is enormous. Women have entered many occupations that had been virtually closed to them, now earn more over their lifetimes, and contribute more to family income and to the economy as a whole than ever before.
But there is still a long way to go. Despite the passage of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, which makes it easier for women to sue for equal pay—avoiding a similar plight as the bill’s namesake, when she learned she was earning vastly unequal pay near the end of her career—progress toward closing the pay gap has stagnated. Since 2000, the wage ratio has remained around 76.5 percent. If trends of the past five decades are projected forward, it will take almost another five decades—until 2058—for women to reach pay equity.
The last six months of 2013 saw the headline GDP growth rate reach 3.7 percent. That’s a healthy number. Not gangbusters (we really have seen growth rates over 5 percent for a year or more in previous recoveries where there was slack in the economy comparable to what persists today), but undeniably healthy.
So what’s to be glum about?
Strip out the contribution of inventory investments and exports, and add in (rather than subtract) the value of imports. This is a measure of real “final sales to domestic purchasers,” or, what is sometimes called domestic demand. It’s a measure of how much demand from households, businesses, and governments is growing—and since the economy’s problem remains a huge shortfall of this demand relative to productive potential, it’s a key barometer of health.
Domestic demand growth for the last six months of 2013 was only half as fast as headline GDP growth (1.8 percent).
Key evidence that this slow rate of domestic demand growth is keeping us from making good progress in closing the gap between aggregate demand and potential supply (and closing this gap really should be the operative definition of “full recovery”) is the stubbornness of core price growth—the year over year change in the “market-based” deflator for core (i.e., excluding food and energy) price deflator for personal consumption expenditures was 1.1 percent for the last three quarters of 2013. This is well below the too-conservative target of 2 percent inflation often assumed to be guiding monetary policymakers. In short, this is a clear sign of an economy not climbing rapidly back to full employment.
Are there any reasons to be less glum about 2014? For sure.
The big one is that federal fiscal policy will no longer be actively throttling growth. It knocked nearly a full percentage point off the fourth quarter growth rate. To be clear, fiscal policy won’t aid growth in 2014, instead it will provide a very slight drag rather than an anvil-heavy drag. This is what counts as progress in today’s fiscal policymaking. But, we’ll take what we can, I guess.
Details of the president’s new retirement plan emerged today, and it’s nothing to get excited about. On the bright side, it’s refreshing to see a focus on investment risk, since many 401(k) participants invest too aggressively based on the mistaken belief that cumulative returns average out over time, while risk-averse people may be put off from saving altogether.
However, cautious savers already have convenient access to low- or no-risk investment options, either through existing retirement accounts or by purchasing Treasuries through automatic payroll deduction. What the myRA plan does is offer a modest tax break for investing in a Treasury bond fund similar to one available to federal workers. The tax benefit is modest because it is based on taxes that would otherwise be paid on investment earnings, which would likely be low.
MyRA accounts would be structured like Roth IRAs, with taxes paid up front. Another selling point of the president’s plan is that participants would be able to change their minds and withdraw their money without paying a penalty, encouraging participation by risk-averse low-income workers. However, this would also likely lead to significant pre-retirement leakage. Finally, participants would earn slightly higher investment returns than they would by investing in short-term Treasury bills without being locked in to a longer-term investment.
Rick Snyder, the Republican Governor of Michigan recently introduced a new plan to “jump-start” the economically suffering city of Detroit. He proposes that over the next five years, the government authorize the granting of 50,000 EB-2 green cards—i.e., immigrant visas granting legal permanent resident (LPR) status in the employment-based, second preference category—to foreign workers who hold advanced degrees or have “exceptional ability” and are willing to live and work in Detroit. This could either be done by creating additional new immigrant visas, or by reallocating existing ones. There’s no question that Detroit needs many more people to move into its empty spaces and increase its tax base dramatically. But is this the way to do it? It’s an interesting idea worth exploring, but the mechanics of it would be complicated, the numbers are probably unrealistic, and the politics will undoubtedly be messy. It also takes the focus off the 18 percent of workers in Detroit who are unemployed, and those who are seeing their pensions plundered. With that being said, here are some of the main issues at play.
Allocating new or existing immigrant visas to an individual city or state has never been done in the United States. However, it is not unprecedented. Many Canadian provinces are able to sponsor permanent residence visas for immigrants who agree to live and work in the sponsoring province (what’s known as the Provincial Nominee Program). If enacted in the United States, an important question to consider would be the visa’s terms and conditions: Immigrants granted an EB-2 can live and work anywhere they wish, so to restrict them to Detroit, the government would have to make the visa provisional; that is, make it revocable if the holder doesn’t live and work in Detroit.
In his State of the Union address last night, President Obama articulated some core truths that ought to guide economic policy, with lines like “the best measure of opportunity is access to a good job,” and “Say yes. Give America a raise.”
We need policies to create more jobs, but we must insure that they’re good jobs, with benefits and decent pay that can support a family and fuel economic growth based on what people earn on the job, as opposed to what households borrow or “gain” in asset bubbles.
The president highlighted the problem of stagnant wages, noting that “women hold a majority of lower-wage jobs—but they’re not the only ones stifled by stagnant wages.” This is absolutely true. I illustrated this point recently by pointing out that the share of young (ages 25-34) men earning poverty-level wages ($11.29 in 2012) had doubled from 1979 to 2012, jumping from 10.8 to 25.5 percent. Young women were even more likely to earn poverty-level wages, with 31.1 percent doing so in 2012. There’s been some, but not much, progress for women on this front, since a third earned poverty-level wages in 1979.
This is not news to us at EPI—we’ve focused on job quality and wage stagnation since our founding in 1986, and pounded on these themes in the twelve editions of the State of Working America and numerous other works. Generating better jobs and better pay is the key to addressing inequality and strengthening and expanding the middle class. Unfortunately, we have only seen broad-based wage growth for a few years (the late 1990s) over the last four decades. Over the last ten years there has been no wage growth for the vast majority of workers, white collar or blue collar, among college and high school graduates. We cannot get where we want to go unless different wage dynamics are generated and that has to be a central focus of economic policy. The president’s call for Congress to pass the Harkin-Miller minimum wage bill was absolutely right, as is his executive order requiring federal contractors to pay $10.10. Providing income to working families through a robust social insurance system, and work supports such as an improved EITC, are also pillars of economic growth and living standards.
Today marks the fifth anniversary of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act. Named after Lilly Ledbetter, who worked for a production plant for years without knowing she was getting paid less than her male counterparts, the bill protects workers against pay discrimination. The Supreme Court had previously ruled that Ms. Ledbetter had filed her case too late, as the company’s decision on her case had been made years earlier. The law now says that pay discrimination on the basis of sex, race, origin, age, religion and disability occurs whenever an employee receives a discriminatory paycheck, when a discriminatory pay decision is adopted, or when a person is affected by a pay decision or practice. It is a great first step in giving women the tools to be economically secure in today’s workplace. But it’s not enough.
At a time when both women and men face the lingering effects of the Great Recession and stagnating wages at all education levels, a crucial step to improve women’s labor market success is to ensure a full recovery from the Great Recession. While it is true that women have regained pre-recession employment levels—contrasted with men, who are still 1.5 million short—women’s comparable return to 2007 employment is largely because the industries that have taken the biggest employment hits since 2007 also have a disproportionately larger share of male workers. However, within the majority of industries, women’s job growth has trailed men’s. Additionally, these numbers fail to address the fact that the working-age population (and with it the potential labor force) is growing all the time. Accounting for the growth in the potential female labor force, women are still 3.5 million jobs in the hole.
In this economy, it is clear that women need more jobs (as do men), but they also need pay equality. Women who work full time, year round still only earn 77 percent of what men earn, a pay gap that accumulates over time. For a 40-year working career, the average woman loses $431,000—no small amount. And, women with a college degree are no exception. Over their lifetime, women with at least a bachelor’s degree earn approximately $713,000 less than similarly educated men over their lifetime. Additionally,
over half of women workers make poverty-level wages over half of the poverty-level wage workers are women (poverty-level wage workers are defined as workers who earn wage below what a full-time, full-year worker needs to give a family of four enough income to reach the poverty threshold). Fully, 32.0 percent of workers in 2011 earn poverty-level wages.
Things are good for Google Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt. With $8.3 billion in his bank account, he’s the 49th wealthiest person in America. And he spent the week at the Davos World Economic Forum to celebrate.
During Schmidt’s Davos fireside chat, which was reported on by Henry Blodget at Business Insider, Schmidt had this to say, in the context of a discussion of income inequality:
“The stagnation in middle-class wages is not just a middle-class problem. It’s an economic problem. And it’s one of the main reasons that global economic growth is so lousy.
Why do stagnant middle-class wages hurt the economy?
Because the middle-class folks whose wages are stagnant are the global economy’s biggest spenders.”
He hit the nail right on the head. Wages for the vast majority of Americans have been basically flat for the last 40 years. To be specific, wages for the median worker have increased by just 5.0 percent between 1979 and 2012. During that time, workers gained a lot of education, and the economy as a whole became 75.4 percent more productive—we now produce more per hour worked than we ever have. Yet the typical American worker is being paid almost no more than his or her counterpart a half century ago.
A higher minimum wage is an important way to address wage inequality, as the erosion of the minimum wage is the main reason for the increase in inequality between low-and middle-wage workers (in particular the 50/10 wage gap, that between the median and the 10th percentile earner). This is particularly true among women, the group for whom the wage gap in the bottom half grew the most. As the figure below shows, two-thirds of the increase in the 50-10 wage gap can be attributed to the erosion of the real value of the minimum wage. [The 50/10 wage gap grew 25.2 (log) percentage points between 1979 and 2009 and that two-thirds of this increase (16.5 percentage points, or 65 percent of the total) can be attributed to the erosion of the minimum wage.] The paper this figure draws on usefully and appropriately captures the spillover impact of the minimum wage—the impact on those earning above the legislated rate. This finding makes sense, since it was in the 1980s that the minimum wage eroded the most, and that was the same time period when the 50/10 wage gap among women expanded greatly. The erosion of the minimum wage explains over a tenth (11.3 percent) of the smaller 5.3 (log) percentage point expansion of the 50/10 wage gap among men. For workers overall more than half (57 percent) of the increase in the 50/10 wage gap was accounted for by the erosion of the minimum wage.
University of Oregon labor scholar and EPI research associate Gordon Lafer often points out how relatively poor the quality of life is in right-to-work states, on average, compared to states that don’t restrict union contract rights.
Politico just came out with a new ranking of the 50 states, on a combination of 14 different measures of quality of life, including “high school graduation rates, per capita income, life expectancy and crime rate.” Then they average those 14 to create one overall ranking of the states.
The outcome suggests the opposite of corporate assertions that “right-to-work” states are doing better than others. According to Politico, 4 of the 5 best states to live in are non-right-to-work. In order, they are New Hampshire, Minnesota, Vermont, Utah, and Massachusetts.
Right-to-work states account for 8 of the 10 worst states, and all 5 of the 5 worst states (in order, from 46th-50th: Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississsippi). The majority of RTW states are not only in the bottom half of the country, but in the bottom 20 of the 50 states.
Lafer’s home state, Oregon, where corporate backers are trying to pass a public sector right-to-work law, is ranked 23rd, outperforming nearly 2/3 of the states that currently have RTW laws.
As President Obama searches for ways to improve the wages of American workers by giving them a boost in bargaining for better job quality with their employers, he is limited by the dysfunctionality of Congress, which because of Republican opposition is unlikely to help even with a minimum wage increase. But the president, who manages the vast amount of work the government does through private contractors, should consider what he can do to set reasonable standards for the pay and compensation of the millions of employees of those federal contractors.
As EPI has estimated again and again, far too many people working for private firms— but for the benefit of the federal government, with their wages ultimately paid by the taxpayers—are likely working for poverty wages. This is unacceptable; it is damaging to those workers and their families, and it hurts the economy by reducing demand for goods and services—currently a problem of crisis proportions.
In November 2000, an EPI briefing paper by Chauna Brocht, The Forgotten Workforce, estimated that 162,000 federal contract workers earned less than the then-poverty level wage of $8.20 an hour (by poverty-level wage, we mean a wage for a full-time, full-year worker that would not lift a family of four out of official poverty). Most of the low-wage employers were large businesses and most were defense contractors.
President Obama will deliver his State of the Union this coming Tuesday, the 28th. It seems obvious that no big new policy initiative that requires action from Congress will pass in the next year, given DC gridlock. This is a real shame, because the crisis of joblessness and failure to fully recover from the Great Recession remains the single largest economic challenge facing the country, and solving it would require a serious course correction on policy. The most reliable fix for this crisis of joblessness would be simply allowing public spending to rise to levels that characterized every other recovery since World War II. Even better would be to allow this spending to rise to levels characterizing the recovery from the similarly steep early 1980s recession. In short, what is needed is not some historically unprecedented stimulus program, but simply an end to the historically unprecedented austerity program now underway.
And it’s pretty easy to specify where the first $25 billion or so of this spending should be allocated: extending the Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUC) program for long-term unemployed workers—a program begun in June 2008 when the unemployment rate was significantly lower than today and when long-term unemployment was literally half as high. I’d be shocked if the president did not issue a forceful call to pass EUC for the upcoming year.
After this, a substantial program of public investment would be most welcome, boosting job-growth and economic activity in the short-run and boosting productivity in the longer-run. The talking point mobilized in favor of infrastructure investment—that it once was a bi-partisan priority—has the rare virtue of being true even today, so long as one listens to policy analysts and not politicians. For example, Martin Feldstein, Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors under Ronald Reagan, has endorsed a deficit-financed increase in infrastructure investment (granted, he endorses plenty of other things in that column that I’m not on board with, but the point remains). And Ken Rogoff, an economic adviser to John McCain in 2008, has also noted that infrastructure investment would be hugely beneficial in the current economic climate.1
Treasury Secretary Jack Lew sent a letter to Congress yesterday warning that the federal government probably will breach the statutory debt limit in late February. To remind those who may have forgotten, there is no credible evidence that the U.S. economy is running up against any genuine economic constraint on debt. Interest rates remain historically low and federal budget deficits are actually closing historically rapidly. Yet because the United States (almost alone among advanced countries) has an arbitrary limit on the amount of outstanding federal debt that must be periodically renewed through legislative action, approaching the statutory debt limit provides members of Congress the chance to flirt with severe economic damage simply by refusing to raise the limit.
The House GOP leadership claimed that they did not want to get “even close” to a default. However, a spokesperson for House Speaker Boehner said a clean bill to raise the debt limit would not pass the House without some concessions to Republicans in order for them to “save face.” These concessions presumably would be more spending cuts. Given what should be considered a GOP “win” in the recent Murray-Ryan budget deal, one wonders what more do they want? It is worth taking a closer look at the GOP win in the budget deal and compare it to what might have been.
The chart below displays nondefense discretionary budget authority from fiscal year 2006 to fiscal year 2021 (when funds are appropriated by Congress, agencies are given budget authority to incur financial obligations—i.e., spend money). Nondefense discretionary spending includes spending for public investments such as roads, bridges, sewage systems, basic scientific research, and education—all the things that boost long-term economic growth. The Budget Control Act (BCA), the law that gave us the sequester, along with other steep cuts that have attracted less attention, specifies the limits on discretionary spending until 2021. It is specified in nominal dollar amounts, which rise over time. In inflation-adjusted terms, however, the spending is constant. But a better way to measure public spending is as a percentage of GDP—basically looking at public spending in relation to income available to pay for that spending.
The “robots are coming” narrative dominating discussions of the economy was popularized by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee in their 2011 book, Race Against the Machine. They have built on that theme in the richer, deeper The Second Machine Age (W.W. Norton, 2014). The first half of the book provides a valuable window, at least for a non-technologist like me, into past developments and the future trajectory of digitization. Their claim is that digitization will do for mental power what the steam engine did for muscle power—that is, quite a bit, transforming our lives at work and play.
The remainder of the book dwells on the role of digitization in generating both bounty (more consumer choice and greater output, wealth, and income) and spread (greater inequalities of wages, income, and wealth). In treating these topics, they heavily rely on the work of others. As in their last book, they do not provide much direct evidence of the connection between technological change and wage inequality. I study these issues and believe they are wrong to tightly link digitization and robots to wage inequality and the slow job growth of the 2000s. Although the authors claim “technology is certainly not the only force causing this rise in spreads, but it is one of the main ones” my fear is that this book, like their last one, will fuel the mistaken narrative that technology is responsible for our job and wage problems and that we are powerless to obtain more equitable growth.
Let me start where we agree and where I very much appreciate their argumentation. Brynjolfsson and McAfee are very clear that we are experiencing a dramatic growth in wage, income, and wealth inequality; that living standards have faltered for a significant share of the population; and that these are challenges that must be addressed. They rightly fear that current inequities will generate greater future inequity: They argue that current wealth solidifies and expands inequality through the political process and worry that inequality impedes social mobility—the degree to which a child’s chances are linked to his or her parents’ current station. Inequality begets greater inequality. I appreciate their refutation of denialism and ‘so whatism’.
Their weakest case is that digitization is associated with the slow job growth of the last 15 years. The authors review all the reasons why economists find such a claim untrue, including 200 years of history disproving a link between technology and slow job growth. They propose a few reasons why things may be different now. However, their only evidence is that employment and productivity grew in tandem for many decades but became decoupled in the late 1990s and offer their “reading of technology” as an explanation. In fact, there’s a simple answer to the riddle of slow job growth: slow economic growth resulting from the collapse of two asset bubbles and inadequate policy responses. Job growth occurs when economic growth exceeds productivity. Simply put, if workers can produce 2 percent more this year than last year, the economy can grow 2 percent without adding any employment. Thus, the economy must grow faster than productivity to create jobs, something that has not happened in the unique circumstances of the 2000s.
Monday’s celebration of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s legacy presents the perfect opportunity to reflect on how far the country has come and to acknowledge the undeniable advancements African Americans have made, and to consider the goals that remain unmet. Last year, EPI released the Unfinished March, a series of reports that detailed the remaining steps to fully achieve the goals of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the setting for King’s “I Have a Dream” speech. Yet to be achieved are the hard economic goals, critical to transforming the life opportunities of African Americans. They include decent housing, adequate and integrated education, full employment, and a national minimum wage that can realistically lift a family out of poverty.
The employment trends for African Americans over the past decade, as seen in this week’s Economic Snapshot, show just how much work remains to be done just to achieve the goal of full employment. While the economic woes of the past few years have worsened labor market prospects for all workers, for African American workers the employment situation is significantly worse, akin to depression-level conditions. An estimated 19.6 percent of black workers (nearly one in five) were unemployed at some point in 2013. Furthermore, given unemployment projections for 2014, it is likely that 17.4 percent of black workers will be unemployed at some point this year.
Needless to say, it doesn’t have to be this way. Recommitting ourselves to achieving Dr. King’s goals means implementing policies that would aid all U.S. workers, including large-scale ongoing public investments, the restoration of public services and public-sector employment cut in the recession and its aftermath, and the renewal of federal unemployment insurance benefits. Passing these policies would not only celebrate Dr. King’s legacy, but also help working families, of all races, across the country.
New Analysis of the Labor Market Outcomes of Employment- and Family-Based Immigrants Can Improve Policymaking
Unlike other developed countries such as Australia and Canada, the U.S. government simply does not collect and analyze enough information on the labor market outcomes of immigrants who are issued visas that grant them legal permanent resident (LPR) status. Especially when it comes to longitudinal data that track the same immigrants over time in order to see how their situation has changed. This dooms policymakers to make uninformed decisions based on assumptions or that are influenced by lobbying from interest groups. That’s why new (and as-of-yet unpublished) research from Professors Mark Rosenzweig (Yale University) and Guillermina Jasso (New York University) is groundbreaking: it analyzes data from Princeton University’s New Immigrant Survey (NIS) and offers a glimpse at how immigrants in the United States are performing in the labor market over time and by visa category.
The NIS “is a nationally representative multi-cohort longitudinal study of new legal immigrants and their children to the United States,” and one of the most useful data sets available on U.S. immigrants. The first cohort of immigrants participating in the NIS were interviewed in 2003, and follow-up interviews were conducted from 2007 to 2009. Rosenzweig recently presented their research based on these survey data at an informative conference on family immigration hosted by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). He showcased some of the first analyses of the NIS’s longitudinal data on the labor market performance of immigrants who came to the United States through the Diversity Visa (DV) lottery and the employment-based (including spouses) and family-based immigrant visa categories; the latter of which represent two-thirds of all immigrant visas issued (by far the highest share in the OECD), and allow foreign citizens to join a spouse or parent who is a U.S. citizen or LPR, or to join the son, daughter, or sibling of a citizen already in the United States. (Lindsay Lowell of Georgetown also presented notable new research and findings documenting the growth of the family-based visa category in the United States since the 1970s.) | <urn:uuid:8ed9ef2e-d1e3-4a67-a0f8-cae339299469> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.epi.org/blog/page/24/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00319-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960165 | 11,581 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Yesterday, I wrote about the value of good port infrastructure to America's export businesses, but the need for safe, efficient freight movement is much broader than that. A modern transportation system of roads, rails, runways, waterways, and pipelines is important to all American businesses.
And it's important to us at the Department of Transportation.
That's why Deputy Secretary John Porcari talked with the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Transportation Infrastructure and Logistics Committee yesterday about DOT's efforts to improve our nation's freight movement. And he had plenty to talk about.
Over the last four years, the Obama Administration has made considerable investments in our national freight network. Through four rounds of our popular TIGER Grant program, DOT has directed $1 billion toward projects that primarily address freight. This includes more than $650 million to projects that strengthen freight rail infrastructure, reduce freight bottlenecks, and alleviate congestion issues. And we’ve invested more than $350 million in our port system.
About 48 million tons of goods—from refrigerators to smart phones--are transported across America each day. That’s $46 billion worth of commerce. And that's just one day.
By 2050, America will be home to more than 100 million additional people – and our freight network will need to haul 4 billion more tons of freight per year than it currently does. That means our freight system – which is already the strongest in the world – will need to become even stronger
So it's good news that the new transportation bill, MAP-21, includes a number of ways for us to continue making progress on freight.
The Federal Highway Administration is working to designate a National Freight Network that will focus on the highways most critical to the movement of goods. And we’re working closely with state DOTs to help them create their own comprehensive state freight plans.
We’re also developing performance mechanisms to help states track how they’re doing on freight. And we’ll help states build partnerships with freight industry leaders in the private sector.
Looking toward the future, we’ve established an internal Freight Policy Council, chaired by Deputy Secretary Porcari. Because this Council includes senior leaders from across DOT, it can approach freight improvement--including the development of our National Freight Strategic Plan--from a multimodal perspective. If it's a mode of transportation that moves millions of tons of cargo, it will be part of our Freight Policy Council's discussions.
And right now, we're setting up a National Freight Advisory Committee of professionals from all areas of transportation to help shape our policies. In fact, today is the deadline for nominations. So if you know someone who can help guide our nation's future freight policy-making, I encourage you to let us know fast!
All of the steps we’re taking at DOT today promise a safe, efficient freight network for tomorrow. But improving our freight movement is a big challenge. It will require a lot of cooperation and collaboration between this Department, state DOTs and policymakers, researchers, and the private sector. This is one job we must do together. | <urn:uuid:7344060b-1749-4205-9d6b-aa35fa5f76f2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://usdotblog.typepad.com/secretarysblog/2013/03/dot-taking-the-lead-on-freight.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00110-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948102 | 642 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The biography begins appropriately enough with Job’s upbringing in Mountain View, California, a town that was near Palo Alto where Jobs would later stay with his wife, Laurene and three kids. Jobs was the son of two fairly peculiar people who adopted him at a young age. Before Jobs entered kindergarten he might learn phrases and it wasn’t long earlier than his mother and father and teachers realized the younger Jobs was both gifted in addition to relatively demanding.
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There are many potential reasons why your little one has low grades. It may very well be on account of social problems (classmates, college bully, etc… ), household related concerns, quite a few outside distractions (TELEVISION, on-line video games, 1000’s of mp3s, and so forth… ), and even an unorganized study area. Although it is very important give attention to these contributing components, this post nevertheless, will deal primarily on easy methods to improve your child’s research area for max constructive output with the use of technology.
You can sell your software on eBay by registering first together with your required particulars and then start to checklist your gadgets in accordance with the classes for quicker search. When you have successfully been getting constructive feedback, selling the software will probably be even easier and extra potential patrons will belief someone with many optimistic feedbacks. The moment your itemizing goes dwell, you might be able to sell on-line and look ahead to the response. Even when you don’t promote, do not be disheartened as a result of only 40% of the listings get successful purchase based on eBay statistics.
Perhaps you’ll start knitting blankets and promoting them as your visitors are available in from the cold. You can promote lemonade in the hotter months and heat socks when it snows. This is now known as a MIDI digital piano keyboard and lets you use your pc keyboard just like an actual piano keyboard. | <urn:uuid:5ed2fcfe-1d6e-488d-a3ec-4fd11c282c7c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.phonejoy.us/quick-answers-to-hardware-and-software-digital-technology-in-detail-by-detail-aspect.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.946334 | 709 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Around about this time last year I shared a post about Greasemonkey and Flickr for the adventurous. In this I’m elaborating on the wonderful tool, created by my friend Alan Levine aka @cogdog, which is a core essential part of my digital toolkit.
As it was this time last year, I have a group of students working with me on visual elements of online presentations as part of their exploration of Digital Citizenship in Schools, and of course I introduce them to the FlickrCC Attribution Helper for Greasemonkey. The reason for this is related to ethical use of online images, and the value of working with Creative Commons as an effective source of visual imagery.
Alan Levine has written a Flickr Attribution Helper – a browser script that embeds easy to copy attribution text to creative commons licensed flickr images. Greasemonkey is an add-on for Firefox browser. Once Greasemonkey is installed, you have the ability to add all sorts of magical things to the functionality of your browser. The Attribution Helper also installs into other browsers without the help of Greasemonkey.
Do take time to revisit the post to discover why this tool is fabulous ~ if you are not already using it. If you are using it – keep reading for an update!
Here’s the twist! A student asked me to clarify the attribution code found on some of my images. For example, if you look at the image in my last post, you will see that if as follows:
What is SD? the student asked? Upon checking the CC licensing options I could find no SD!
A quick tweet to Alan, and a quick response has resulted in an updated version of FlickrCC Attribution Helper for Greasemonkey.
Lovely! Now the same code being generated for that image reads as follows:
In other words, we have SD replaced by SA for ‘share alike’. Did I ever mention that Alan is awesome? | <urn:uuid:66159a48-206c-44d8-827d-a756cba0f71b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://judyoconnell.com/tag/alan-levine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00210-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916958 | 405 | 2.109375 | 2 |
TEXT OF STORY
Tess Vigeland: Homeowners who are seriously underwater on their loans might still be able to grab onto the government's life raft. The Obama administration is expanding its mortgage-rescue efforts to include borrowers who owe up to 25% more than their home is worth.
So far, the Making Home Affordable program has received mixed reviews. People looking for help say they're subjected to a maze of automated messages and less-than-informed answers when they call their banks. Tamara Keith tells us what it's like on the other side of the line at the nation's largest loan servicer -- Bank of America.
TAMARA KEITH: Bank of America has 14 call centers around the country. This is one of the largest. It's in Simi Valley, Calif. Two stories with wall-to-wall cubicles as far as the eye can see. This building used to be part of Countrywide, a lender that became synonymous with subprime, predatory lending.
CALL CENTER: Thank you for calling the home retention division. My name is Matthew. Can I ask who I'm speaking with today.
Matthew Coryell is on the front lines at what is now called Bank of America Home Loans, which get about 80,000 calls a day. He answers about 20 of them. The callers are under a lot of stress. Sometimes they yell or they cry. But Coryell has gotten used to it.
MATTHEW CORYELL: If you treat them right and just keep like an even nice tone with them. What I've noticed are the ones that are so appreciative at the end of the calls, that are overly really thanking me, are the ones that were many times really upset with me when they first called in.
Here's the thing though, if you're having trouble paying your loan, Matthew Coryell isn't really the guy you want to talk to. He just gathers information, gives out fax numbers and transfers calls. The people on the "workout team" are the ones who can change the terms of a loan.
ZACH HARROD: My name is Zach Harrod. I've been with the company for, it's going to be six years in October.
Harrod is one of more than 7,000 people at Bank of America now working in the home-retention division. The department has nearly doubled its staff in the last eight months.
HARROD: Calling in regards to the modification on your loan, just kinda wanted to go over the terms with you.
Harrod is working the file of a man who lives in Las Vegas.
HARROD: Um, he's actually currently nine payments behind. So he is, he actually is in foreclosure which typically when we get the loan we'll put the foreclosure on hold during the review process to allow us time to see what we can do.
Modifying a loan isn't easy. Bank of America may collect the checks, but most of the loans have been packaged into securities and sold off to investors.
For a modification to work, it needs to be something the borrower can afford and the investor can tolerate. Information about the customer's income and expenses is plugged into a computer program called Home Saver. The software weighs things like how much the home is worth and what would happen to the loan if the interest rate is reduced.
Bank of America officials say most often changing the terms of the loan is a better deal for everyone than a foreclosure. Harrod sees it another way.
HARROD: It's more just finding the best deals for the homeowner, you know, really that is my goal.
This sounds like a whole lot of positive spin from a guy who worked for one of the most notorious subprime lenders. Before Countrywide was taken over by Bank of America it put thousands of people into loans that were destined to fail.
But when Harrod says he's here to help people, you want to believe him. He says things are different now. As the economy has gotten worse, the investors have gotten more receptive to cutting interest rates. Changing the loans so borrowers can actually pay them back.
HARROD: They're doing a lot more today, to be honest, than when I started doing this a year-and-a-half ago. A lot more.
And so the man from Las Vegas will see his payments cut dramatically. Harrod is moving him from a nearly 8-percent interest rate on a 30-year mortgage to a longer, 40-year loan with a lower rate.
HARROD: He's down to 2.25 for a year and then he steps up one percentage at a time each year up to 5.25.
Harrod has been working a lot of overtime and weekends, and his desk is never clear. But he says it's rewarding.
HARROD: Some owners will just send you an e-mail, thank you so much, my kids have a place to sleep at night, and I mean, that's good enough for me, you know.
When he's done with this file he'll move on to another. Odds are it will belong to someone who's been waiting months for an answer, and there's no guarantee Harrod will be able to help them keep their home.
In Simi Valley, I'm Tamara Keith for Marketplace. | <urn:uuid:cee65b5a-0dd0-4385-b60e-f3a1587419c4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.marketplace.org/2009/07/01/business/fallout-financial-crisis/inside-loan-service-call-center | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00293-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980371 | 1,104 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Abstract: When enacted in 1978, the Bankruptcy Code was heralded as a consumer protection victory. It gave families in financial trouble a complex array of legal options, including the ability to repay their debts over a number of years in chapter 13 bankruptcy. That new option was lauded by experts and became popular across the nation. Today over 1 million families are currently in chapter 13 bankruptcy; it remains the first line of defense for families facing foreclosure. For more than thirty years, research has shown that two in three families drop out of chapter 13 before completing their repayment plans and do not receive a discharge of debts. To rebut this statistic, defenders of chapter 13 argued that success was possible without case completion, for example, by curing a default on a mortgage loan early in a case or by regaining financial footing after a period of living on a strict court-imposed budget. With no data on debtors’ circumstances when their cases ended, chapter 13 endured as key component of America’s policy to address household financial distress. This article exposes the real outcomes of chapter 13 bankruptcy for the first time. It provides evidence of what problems families tried to solve in bankruptcy and what problems they did solve in bankruptcy. The data come from a new nationwide empirical study of chapter 13 cases did not end as the law intended - with completion of a repayment plan and a discharge of debt. The findings show that most families receive a temporary reprieve from chapter 13: the halt of collection activity and reduction in stress. However, these benefits evaporate just a few weeks after bankruptcy. More than half of homeowners are already in foreclosure, and families are dealing with renewed dunning calls and struggles in making ends meet. Chapter 13 is a "pretend solution," a term that the author coins to describe a social program that does not work but has escaped critique or reform because its outcomes are hidden. This paper’s data are a clarion call to stop pushing families in financial trouble into chapter 13 and to redesign the consumer bankruptcy system. The data are also a cautionary tale about what happens when well-intention policymakers offer up a generous program but fail to monitor outcomes. A pretend solution can flourish, inoculating policymakers from revisiting the social problem. The paper concludes with a framework for pretend solutions that can be applied in other contexts and a discussion of how policymakers can avoid pretend solutions by focusing sharply on outcomes, not intentions. For a copy of the paper, please see: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1965680 Commentary: Much gets made, from this about bankruptcy chapter choice to Judge Johnson's crusade against nearly all Chapter 13 cases being infeasible in the Riverside Division in Central California, of how few Chapter 13 cases "succeed." This success rate largely relies on the estimate that only one-third of Debtors complete a Chapter 13 plan and receive a discharge. Occasionally, lip service may get paid to the fact that "[e]ven when no discharge is obtained, a chapter 13 can buy more time to stave off foreclosure long enough to relocate." Other reasons for filing Chapter 13 may be also be admitted, but still the touchstone for determining if a bankruptcy is successful is whether the Debtor gets a discharge. Since the vast majority of Debtors who file Chapter 7 do get a discharge, Chapter 7 is consequently viewed, at least academic studies, as a more effective remedy for Debtors in financial distress. But what if this focus on the discharge was flipped and instead the other reasons for Chapter 13 were considered as the primary criteria for evaluating the success of the different Chapters? For example, the discharge is of far less value for many Debtors than keeping their home, even for just a few more months or years. Searching the SSRN website (http://www.ssrn.com/) and there is a relative dearth of studies concerning post-bankruptcy outcomes. One of the few, however, is "The Failure of Bankruptcy's Fresh Start" by Katherine Porter and Deborah Thorne from 2006. (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=894453) . It "found that just one year after bankruptcy, one in four [Chapter 7] debtors was struggling to pay routine bills, and one in three [Chapter 7] debtors reported an overall financial situation similar to, or worse than, when they filed bankruptcy." If 25%-33% of Chapter 7 Debtors are not better off and still struggling financially after receiving their discharges, the indictment of Chapter 13 based on its dismissal rates would seem to overly harsh, with the more even-handed conclusion being that neither chapter of bankruptcy is a perfect solution to financial distress. The article "Household Borrowing After Personal Bankruptcy" by Song Han and Geng Li at the Federal Reserve (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1325660) looks at borrowing by Debtors after bankruptcy, but did not separate the experiences of Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 Debtors. I was not able to find any studies that examined how often Chapter 7 debtors later lost cars to repossession or homes to foreclosure when they had indicated on their Statements of Intention a desire retain or reaffirm the property. This would seem to be a useful means of gauging whether Chapter 7 Debtors were able to meet their stated and often primary goals in filing bankruptcy, viz. retention of assets. Alternate Proposal: If the purpose of bankruptcy is to, at a minimum, get "the honest but unfortunate debtor" a discharge, there are currently options to do so, that would "only" take a change in behavior by Chapter 13 Trustees. This might be a viable solution to the problems raised by this and other articles, especially since for the enactment of a"single portal bankruptcy", see for example, A Fresh Start for Personal Bankruptcy Reform: The Need for Simplification and a Single Portal. (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=912561), the biggest initial obstacle to such a change would be, as one advocate for such a changed has written, "the difficulty of the politics of attaining any positive change through legislation cannot be overstated." Normally, when a Chapter 13 Debtor falls delinquent in his or her plan payments, the response of the Chapter 13 Trustee is to move to dismiss the case. This leaves the Debtor not only open to foreclosure and repossession on his or her secured debts, but as vulnerable to their unsecured creditors again. Any time and money spent in Chapter 13 is largely for naught. As only a vanishingly small number of Chapter 13 Debtors fail to make their plan payments because they have more than enough money, this opens them to collection when they are likely less able to pay than they were before filing Chapter 13 in the first place. The result is not that those dismissed Debtors suddenly pay their bills. Instead, they usually either refile another Chapter 13 (which has an even lower likelihood of success than their first case), file a new Chapter 7 (which at a minimum usually requires a $306 filing fee, plus counts as a 2nd bankruptcy and delays a clean credit report for another 10 years) or to go underground with in "gray market" bankruptcy, dodging creditors and not starting over. The same section of the Bankruptcy Code that provides for dismissal of a Chapter 13 case, 11 U.S.C. § 1307(c)(6), however, also allows a Trustee to seek conversion of the case to Chapter 7 for "material default by the debtor with respect to a term of confirmed plan." Normally, a Chapter 13 Trustee will only seek conversion to Chapter 7 when the Debtor has substantial equity above exemption, otherwise viewing such conversion as pointless. If, however, Trustee's sought conversion instead of dismissal, this would at the very least get the Debtor (who again is unable to pay his or her debts) a Chapter 7 discharge. Since § 1307(b) allows the Debtor to voluntarily dismiss a case at any point prior to conversion, this option would still be open to a Debtor. (Perhaps, if Marrama is read broadly, subject to bad faith.) An fair question is why debtors’ attorneys are not already routinely converting these failing cases. A part of the answer to this is obviously the additional attorneys fees for handling the conversion, fees that a debtor, who is unable to make plan payments, would struggle to pay. A difficult question would be whether the Debtor's Chapter 13 attorney would be compelled to represent the Debtor following the conversion or if (and then how) the attorney would be paid. One option would be for courts to modestly increase the "no-look" Chapter 13 fee to basically include "conversion insurance" for the cost of attorneys' additional representation in every case. (Regarding other costs of involuntary conversions to the Debtor, again there is no filing fee charged for involuntary conversions.) If a Debtor were to file a subsequent Ch. 13, he or she would end up paying more attorneys' fees in the next case, but that's true currently following dismissal. Further, however, it is often difficult to not only convince a Debtor to voluntarily convert, but even difficult to contact a debtor facing dismissal. A debtor’s attorney, bound by professional ethics, cannot force a debtor to convert against his or her desire or even without the debtors’ consent. There are very few circumstances in which conversion and a subsequent Chapter 7 discharge would result in the Debtor being in a worse situation than outright dismissal. The few I can think of include: As to secured debts, conversion would likely delay foreclosure or repossession, as secured creditors would need to seek relief from the automatic stay in the Chapter 7 case. (There is case law that allows a Debtor to be in an active Chapter 7 and an active Chapter 13 at the same time, so the Debtor could even refile another Chapter 13, while the Chapter 7 is pending.) Some taxes could become non-dischargeable, even if a subsequent Chapter 13 is filed closely on the heals of the Chapter 7. Mortgage strip-offs would be complicated if the Debtor wasn't eligible for a discharge in a subsequent Chapter 13. The limited number of cases where conversion was not the best option, could instead just opt for dismissal. (Voluntary dismissal might not be attractive if a Motion for Relief from Stay has been filed, since § 109(g)(2) might impede refiling.) Following the involuntary conversion due to inability to make plan payments, the Means Test would not likely be a real problem, as better line of cases hold that § 707(b) only applies to "a case filed by an individual debtor under this chapter" and thus no means test is needed for conversion (which were filed under Ch.13) Getting a involuntarily converted Debtor to attend a the Meeting of Creditors could be difficult. § 341(a) requires that "[w]ithin a reasonable time after the order for relief in a case under this title, the United State trustee shall convene and preside at a meeting of creditors." A sympathetic and pragmatic reading of this section would be that the § 341 Meeting from the original Chapter 13 case could, absent any other factors, be sufficient for the Chapter 7 Trustee. This would save the converted Debtors from repeat appearances. If the Chapter 7 Trustee did have questions, he could request a §341 Meeting of Creditors or conduct a 2004 exam. (As attendance at § 341 Meetings seems really, really important to the UST (and the BA here in North Carolina) this might not even be worth raising.) If the Debtor doesn't come to the § 341 Meeting for the Chapter 7, then he or she will get dismissed, just like they were going to be from the Chapter 13. A Statement of Intentions would need to be filed following the conversion, but that is a relatively easy task. Reaffirmations, if offered and desired, would need to be completed and filed. Conversion would not cause Debtors to lose their home to foreclosure or their car to be repossessed any more quickly than dismissal would. In either case, if they were current on payment or can work out an arrangement, they'll keep the stuff. Otherwise, they will lose the collateral. They would, however, still be protected until either discharge or the creditor obtained relief from stay, allowing the debtor at least another 30 days to keep the property. A massive increase in conversions could put a strain on Chapter 7 Trustees and would cost the federal court system revenue, since no additional filing fee is paid in a forced conversion and the Chapter 7 Trustees would still get their $60.00 "no-asset" fee for the vast majority of cases. As these bankruptcies have already, presumably, been reviewed and vetted by the Chapter 13 Trustee, they really would not require much further review by the Chapter 7 Trustee. Filing a subsequent Chapter 13 would actually be easier in most cases: The limited stay for a refiled case under §§ 362(c)(3) and (4) would not apply, eliminating the need for Motions to Extend Stay. Most unsecured debt would be discharged, so even in jurisdictions that normally insist on some dividend as a sign of good faith, that burden would be lifted. It would also seem likely that as these Chapter 33s (Ch. 13 converted to Chapter 7 refiled as Chapter 13) with 0% cumulative dividends became more common, courts that surcharge Ch. 13 debtor with a minimum dividend might come to realize that such dividends are really just punitive requirements on folks that wait until they're behind on secured debts to file CH. 13 compared to those that file Ch. 7 sooner. The 3 or 5 year Applicable Commitment Periods of § 1325(b)(4), would also not apply in most cases. § 1325(b)(1)(A) allows plans of shorter length that the Applicable Commitment Period when the Debtor pays all allowed unsecured claims. Since most of a Debtor's unsecured debt would have been discharged by the conversion, with the most common exceptions being priority taxes, child support or non-dischargeable student loans, the Debtor's subsequent Chapter 13 would commonly be a 100% dividend to the $0 of unsecured debt and the Debtor could get done with this Chapter 13 case more quickly. Those refiles with Student Loans or other non-dischargeable debts following conversion, could always stick with their subsequent Chapter 13 only long enough to cure mortgage arrearage and pay secured and priority claims, then voluntarily dismiss. Since they wouldn't be discharging the student loans anyways, the discharge (even if available due to the 4 year minimum gap) wouldn't be necessary. Again with most unsecured debt discharged, this would allow any projected disposable income to be directed towards student loans, so the Debtor could make progress on those debts while in Chapter 13, rather than remaining in limbo for 3-5 years or, with accrued interest, actually falling further into student loan hell. If a Debtor were to file a subsequent Ch. 13, he or she would end up paying more attorneys' fees in the next case, but that's true currently of any refile following dismissal. I'm sure that I may be missing both some pros and cons in the consideration of forced conversions, but this would seem like an option that would only require a sympathetic Chapter 13 Trustee to implement, rather than Congressional action, which regardless of which party controls the levers of government, is unlikely to be pro-debtor. | <urn:uuid:9ab73738-dbcd-4f79-893d-fda15a8799c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ncbankruptcyexpert.com/2012/02/07/law-review-porter-katherine-the-pretend-solution-an-empirical-study-of-bankruptcy-outcomes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.965251 | 3,226 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Run little black boy!
The gun went off; the race began
And the starting line’s still where you stand.
It doesn’t help that you have shoes of concrete,
While the rest got new kicks on their feet.
Little black boy, you need to get to running!
The race is harder for you; no use of complaining
That sunshine’s everywhere, but your lane is raining.
Crying and yelling that this ain’t fair ain’t gon’ help you.
Neither is beggin’, “Slow down!” No! Here’s what you do!
Many have tried and failed. Many already paved the way.
You will help others behind you with the dues you about to pay.
So gotta work harder than everybody if you wanna see the end.
Gotta work even harder than that if you wanna chance to win.
But nothing will happen if you don’t get to running! | <urn:uuid:1d0c48eb-3081-465c-b59b-853d1ce53da5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://madswirl.com/poetry/2014/08/run/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.866971 | 212 | 1.578125 | 2 |
This essay focuses on the digestive system of ruminant animals like cattle, sheep, and goats. Ruminant animals are hoofed mammals that have a digestive system which enables them to utilize energy from fibrous plant material better than other herbivores. Unlike monogastric animals such as pigs and poultry, the digestive system or ruminants is designed to ferment feedstuffs and provide precursors for energy for the animal to use.
Ruminant Digestive system
The digestive system of ruminants like cattle enables them to efficiently use high roughage feedstuffs, including forages. Their digestive system is composed of the mouth, tongue, gall bladder, pancreas, the four compartment stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum), salivary glands, the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), esophagus and the large intestine (cecum, colon, and rectum) (Brooker, 5).
Mouth and Teeth
A ruminant animal uses its mouth and tongue to harvest forages and consume feedstuffs during grazing. Cattle pick up feeds during grazing by grasping and gathering the plants with their tongues and pulling them to tear for consumption. On average, cattle take from 25,000 to over 40,000 prehensile bites to harvest forage while grazing each day. They typically spend over 30 percent of their time grazing, another 30 percent of their time chewing cud, and the rest of their time idling where they are not grazing or chewing cud (Hall, 9). The roof of their mouth is a hard dental pad without incisors. The incisors on the lower jaw work against this hard dental pad. The incisors of roughage selectors are wide with a shovel-shaped crown while those of concentrate selectors are narrower and chisel-shaped.
They have the same number of molars and premolars both on the upper and lower jaws. The ruminants use their teeth to crush and grind feeds during chewing and rumination (Hall, 9). Saliva helps in moistening the feeds hence making easy when chewing and swallowing. Saliva contains enzymes which breaks down the starch (salivary amylase) and fat (salivary lipase) and is also involved in recycling of nitrogen to the rumen. Saliva mainly reduces pH levels in the reticulum and rumen.
A mature cow produces up to 50 quarts of saliva per day, but this depends on the amount of time they spent in chewing feeds, which stimulates saliva production. The forage and feed mixes with saliva which contains sodium, potassium, phosphate, bicarbonate, and urea when consumed, to form a bolus. The bolus then moves from the mouth to the reticulum through the esophagus by the help of muscle contractions and pressure differences. Ruminants eat rapidly hence swallowing much of their feedstuffs without chewing it properly (Brooker, 8).
Their esophagus moves in both directions, hence allowing them to bring back their cud into the mouth for rumination (chewing of cud), if necessary. Rumination (chewing the cud) is a process where forage and other feedstuffs are pushed back to the mouth for further chewing and mixing with saliva. The chewed cud is then swallowed again and passed into the reticulum where the solid portion slowly moves to the rumen for storage, soaking and fermentation while most of the liquid portion moves from the reticulorumen into the omasum and then abomasums (Church, 13).
The ruminant stomach occupies almost 75 percent of the abdominen on the left side and also extending to the right side. The rumen and reticulum occupy 84 percent of the volume of the total stomach, the omasum occupies 12 percent, and the abomasum occupies 4 percent. The rumen is the largest stomach compartment, holding up to 40 gallons in a mature cow while the reticulum holds approximately 5 gallons in the mature cow. The rumen and reticulum are considered one organ known as reticulorumen because they have similar functions and are separated only by a small muscular fold of tissue. The omasum holds almost 15 gallons and the abomasum holds almost 7 gallons in a mature cow (Hall, 10). Microbes that include bacteria, protozoa, and fungi are found in the recticulorumen.
These microbes ferment and break down plant cell walls into carbohydrate fractions hence producing volatile fatty acids, such as acetate for fat synthesis, priopionate for glucose synthesis and butyrate. The volatile fatty acids are used for energy (Hall, 10). The reticulum is also known as the “honeycomb” because of the appearance of its lining and it is located next to the heart. There is no enzyme secretion in the reticulum. It collects the smaller digesta particles and moves them to the omasum while the larger particles remain in the rumen for further digestion. The reticulum, also known as the “hardware stomach”, catches and collects metal, hardware, heavy and dense objects like a nail, wire, or any other sharp object that the animal consumes.
During the normal digestive tract contractions, this object can penetrate the reticulum wall and make its way to the heart causing a hardware disease (Church, 15). The rumen, also known as the “paunch”, has a papillae lining for nutrient absorption. The rumen is filled with chewed and half chewed materials that the cow has ingested, swallowed, regurgitated and swallowed again. It acts as a fermentation section by hosting microbial fermentation. A large volume of starch and soluble sugar consumed is digested in the rumen. Rumen microbes, which are very sensitive to the drastic change of feeds, digest cellulose from plant cell walls, digest complex starch and synthesize proteins and some vitamins. The normal rumen pH ranges from 6.5 to 6.8 and when it decreases, the rumen stops working and the animal becomes sick. The environment of a rumen is anaerobic (has no oxygen) but has gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide (Brooker, 12).
The omasum has a spherical shape and is connected to the reticulum by a short tunnel. It is also known as the “many piles” or the “butcher’s bible” due to the many leaf-like folds that resemble pages of a book. It has no enzyme walls. These folds increase the surface area, which increases the area that absorbs nutrients from feed and water. The omasum is the gateway to the abomasums and its major role is to reduce the particle size of the feeds and absorb water. Cattle have a highly developed, large omasum (Church, 16). The abomasum is the “true stomach” of a ruminant and functions like a stomach of a non ruminant. The abomasum produces hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, like pepsin, to start protein digestion and receives digestive enzymes from the pancreas, such as pancreatic lipase which breaks down fats. These secretions break the proteins into smaller sub-units, ready for digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
The main cells in the abomasum secrete mucous to protect the abomasal wall from acid damage. The ruminants eat large amounts of feeds thus there is a continuous flow of food through the abomasum (Djikstra, 15). The small intestine is a long tube running from the abomasum to the large intestine. It is normally 20 times longer than the length of the animal. Digesta entering the small intestine mix with secretions from the pancreas and liver, which increases the pH from 2.5 to 8 which enable the enzymes in the small intestine to work properly. The bile from the gall bladder is secreted into the duodenum, to help in the digestion of fats. In the small intestine, active nutrient absorption occurs throughout, including rumen bypass protein absorption.
The intestinal wall contains numerous “finger-like” projections known as the villi which increase intestinal surface area to help in the absorption of nutrients. Muscular contractions help in mixing digesta and moving it to the next section (Brooker, 18). The large intestine is mostly made up of colon, which is shorter in length and larger in diameter than the small intestine. The colon deals with the active movement of sodium and absorption of water by osmosis from the digested material that passes through it. It then removes the remaining undigested and unabsorbed material as feces via the rectum and anus. The cecum is a large blind pouch connected to the beginning large intestine and the illeum. In herbivores, it serves as a storage that allows bacteria and other microbes time to digest the cellulose further, unlike in horses (Church, 19).
The Development of the Ruminant Digestive System
Immature ruminants, like calves, from birth to about 3 months of age have a digestion system like that of non ruminants. Their reticular (esophageal) groove is formed by muscular folds of the reticulum. It takes milk directly to the omasum and then abomasum, bypassing the reticulorumen. The rumen of these animals must be protected with rumen microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. This is accomplished through mature ruminants licking calves and environmental contact with these microorganisms (Church, 23). They must undergo reticulorumenomasal growth, including increases in size and muscle. In a calf at birth, the abomasum is the largest compartment of the stomach, making up more than half of the total stomach area.
The reticulorumen and omasum occupy 35 percent and 14 percent of the total stomach area in the newborn calf. As they grow, the reticulorumen and omasum grow faster hence increasing proportions of the total stomach area. In mature cattle, the abomasum encompasses only 21 percent of the total stomach capacity, whereas the reticulorumen and omasum make up 62 and 24 percent, respectively, of the total stomach area. Rumen papillae lengthen and decrease in numbers as part of rumen development (Church, 24). Due to the immature ruminants not having a functional rumen, they are not allowed to access feeds that contain non-protein nitrogen such as urea. They are also more sensitive to gossypol and dietary fat levels than mature ruminants hence the feeding of developing ruminants should be different from the mature ruminants. The feeding programs should be arranged according to the age of the animals (Church, 25).
This is a figure showing the relative size of stomach compartments in cattle and sheep at various ages (Church, 25).
The Feeding Types of Ruminants
The ruminants can be classified based on the feeds they prefer into concentrate selectors, roughage eaters, and intermediate types. The digestive system organs in ruminants differ according to feeding type hence creating differences in feeding patterns. Knowledge of grazing patterns among the ruminants helps in planning grazing systems for each individual species and also for multiple species grazed together or on the same acreage (Brooker, 22). Concentrate selectors, like deers and giraffes, have a small reticulorumen in relation to body size and selectively browse trees and shrubs. These animals select plants and plant parts that are easily digestible and nutrient dense substances such as plant starch, protein, and fat. Concentrate selectors have limited ability to digest the fibers and cellulose in plant cell walls (Church, 27).
Roughage (grass or bulk) eaters, like cattle and sheep, depend on feeds of grasses and other fibrous plant material. They prefer fresh grasses over legumes but can adequately manage rapidly fermenting feedstuffs. They have longer intestines in relation to the body length and a shorter proportion of large intestine to small intestine as compared with concentrate selectors (Church, 24). Intermediate types include goats and they prefer forbs, woody and shrubby plants. They have adaptations of both concentrate selectors and Roughage eaters. They have a fair though limited capacity to digest cellulose in plant cell walls (Church, 28).
Importance of Ruminant Digestive System
The digestive system of ruminants maximizes the use of rumen microbe fermentation products. This enables them to use resources like high-fiber forage that cannot be used by other animals. Ruminants are able to use such resources that are not demanded by humans but provide man with a vital food source. Ruminants also convert renewable resources from pasture into other products for human use such as hides, fertilizer, and other inedible products like horns and bones (Oltjen, 16)
In summary, a proper grazing system helps to improve agricultural sustainability. A land which is poor or erodible for cultivation can become productive when used for ruminant grazing. Ruminant livestock production also aids crop production whereby ruminants can use the byproducts of these crop systems that are not in demand for human use or consumption. Knowledge of the ruminant’s digestive system can help livestock producers plan appropriate feeding and nutritional programs and properly manage ruminant animals in various production systems. The gradual introduction of the ruminant to a specific feeding system is the best way of ensuring that the rumen functions properly.
Dijkstra J. 2005: Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism (2nd Edition).
CABI Publishing. Wallingford.
Brooker, R.J., Widmaier, E.P., Graham L.E. & Stiling P.D. 2008: Biology. McGraw-Hill. New
Church, D. C. ed. 1993. The Ruminant Animal Digestive Physiology and Nutrition. Waveland
Press, Inc. Prospect Heights, IL.
Oltjen, J. W., and J. L. Beckett. 1996. Role of ruminant livestock in sustainable agricultural
systems. J. Anim. Sci. 74:1406-1409. Hall, J.B., and Silver, S. 2009: Nutrition and Feeding of the Cow-Calf Herd: Digestive System of the Cow. Communications and Marketing, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Courtney from Study Moose
Hi there, would you like to get such a paper? How about receiving a customized one? Check it out https://goo.gl/3TYhaX | <urn:uuid:d029fa3e-73af-4d8f-9889-2c22ad4b0db5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://studymoose.com/animal-digestion-system-essay | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00186-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91841 | 3,090 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Abuse in early childhood often leads to depression, although typically not expressed until later in life. How child abuse alters the trajectory of brain development to produce a vulnerability to depression is incompletely understood. We propose to study an experimental model of parental abuse in rats where abuse during a sensitive period in infancy produces disrupted social behavior, increased immobility in a Forced Swim Test (FST) animal model of depression, and amygdala dysfunction. In this proposal we focus on the effects of abuse during infancy and early life on both behavior and brain (amygdala, prefrontal cortex).
In Aim 1 we questions if there is a sensitive period of vulnerability to abuse to cause depressive-like behaviors? Aim 2 we ask if the ontogeny of the amygdala or neural circuits activated during social behavior or FST in developing rats is altered by early life abuse.
In Aim 3 we question if the amygdala or prefrontal cortex or its connectivity to the PFC, which are brain areas strongly impacted by early life trauma, contribute to the behavioral dysfunction following early life abuse. The innovation and significance of our proposed work is that we use a Sensitive Period model that incorporates how the timing of perturbation (abuse) and context of perturbation (presence or absence of mother) interacts with maturational processes to enhance vulnerability to later life depressive-like symptoms. We will question how the infant brain's response to perturbation can differ depending on the time and context of perturbation and question how these experiences alter infant behaviors. This approach will enable us to not only identify infant events that contribute to later life dysfunction but also explore unique behavior and neural changes in the infant to predict later life dysfunction. We will use infants'well-defined sensitive periods for caregiver-attachment learning and infants'unique neurobehavioral response to trauma (maltreatment from mother or more controlled shock) during each period. Furthermore, this work also highlights the strong influence of social interactions and social cues (reared by abusive mother or shock with/without mother) during clearly defined sensitive periods. Indeed, our published data has begun to suggest that the infants'immediate neural response to trauma is dramatically different from the adults'but importantly, that it further differs depending on whether the mother is present.
Adverse experiences during childhood, such as abuse/trauma, increases the incidence of depression in later life. To better understand how this experience alters later life mental health, we use a Sensitive Period model that incorporates how the timing of perturbation (abuse) and context of perturbation (presence or absence of mother) interacts with maturational processes to enhance vulnerability to later life depressive-like symptoms.
|Raineki, Charlis; Sarro, Emma; Rincón-Cortés, Millie et al. (2015) Paradoxical neurobehavioral rescue by memories of early-life abuse: the safety signal value of odors learned during abusive attachment. Neuropsychopharmacology 40:906-14|
|Debiec, Jacek; Sullivan, Regina Marie (2014) Intergenerational transmission of emotional trauma through amygdala-dependent mother-to-infant transfer of specific fear. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:12222-7|
|Hostinar, Camelia E; Sullivan, Regina M; Gunnar, Megan R (2014) Psychobiological mechanisms underlying the social buffering of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis: a review of animal models and human studies across development. Psychol Bull 140:256-82|
|Sarro, Emma C; Wilson, Donald A; Sullivan, Regina M (2014) Maternal regulation of infant brain state. Curr Biol 24:1664-9|
|Perry, Rosemarie; Sullivan, Regina M (2014) Neurobiology of attachment to an abusive caregiver: short-term benefits and long-term costs. Dev Psychobiol 56:1626-34|
|Sevelinges, Yannick; Mouly, Anne-Marie; Raineki, Charlis et al. (2011) Adult depression-like behavior, amygdala and olfactory cortex functions are restored by odor previously paired with shock during infant's sensitive period attachment learning. Dev Cogn Neurosci 1:77-87|
|Wilson, Donald A; Sullivan, Regina M (2011) Cortical processing of odor objects. Neuron 72:506-19|
|Raineki, C; Pickenhagen, A; Roth, T L et al. (2010) The neurobiology of infant maternal odor learning. Braz J Med Biol Res 43:914-9| | <urn:uuid:b0107bb5-673d-436c-91d8-aea0d938b773> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-MH091451-05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00236-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.874734 | 952 | 2.390625 | 2 |
There is a popular task at software developer job interviews: having a singly linked list, write a piece of code which tells if the list has a cycle.
In a linked list, each element is a structure which contains the value of an element and the link to the next element. The next-link of the last element has a special value which marks the end (usually,
null). If a list has a cycle, the last element points to some element inside the list. | <urn:uuid:c80af09d-e442-4464-bd16-df7f71ffb237> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ivanyu.me/blog/tag/algorithms-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.900306 | 98 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Now, the other day, I realised that what was particularly interesting about tinyurl is that you can predict what URLs it gives to other people. All the URLs it gives out are combinations of one, two or three lowercase letters and numbers. If, as you'd expect, it's programmed to serve the shortest ones first, then (given that it's now generating three-letter codes) all the two-letter codes must already have been generated.
So if you pick one or two letters or numbers, you can jump to a random page which someone found interesting fairly recently.
Here's some examples I tried:
http://tinyurl.com/3 is an e-commerce unicycle vendor.
http://tinyurl.com/6 is a map of St Paul, MN.
http://tinyurl.com/j is Yahoo's category about URL shortening.
http://tinyurl.com/z is that MSNBC Enron typo.
http://tinyurl.com/3p is a discussion board about unicycling.
(Someone who loved unicycles must have been an early user.)
http://tinyurl.com/ma is an Ebay auction, now closed
http://tinyurl.com/an -- MORE freakin' unicyling
http://tinyurl.com/ne -- permission error, somewhere
Things really get interesting in three letters.
http://tinyurl.com/4fg -- Mac video games
http://tinyurl.com/8e4 -- the world's biggest seed
http://tinyurl.com/1s7 -- hydroponics
http://tinyurl.com/2sp -- penis enlargement
http://tinyurl.com/3lj -- photos of segregation in the 60s
http://tinyurl.com/6t1 -- evidence trashing program
http://tinyurl.com/7up -- how to optimise Windows XP | <urn:uuid:5462a699-90ff-4fec-b08a-eaedca3a7f73> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://marnanel.livejournal.com/134511.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00561-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.866069 | 398 | 2.0625 | 2 |
2. To refer; to ascribe, as to a source.
Synonym: To tell, recite, narrate, recount, rehearse, report, detail, describe.
Origin: F. Relater to recount, LL. Relatare, fr. L. Relatus, used as p. P. Of referre. See Elate, and cf. Refer.
Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page. | <urn:uuid:76043709-3872-40b6-8900-c5c9ee4adbbb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Relate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00209-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.775689 | 101 | 2.875 | 3 |
Yangxin Tea Picking Opera
Yangxin Tea-picking Opera is one of the excellent traditional operas popular in Yangxin County, Hubei Province, which is gradually formed on the basis of tea-picking songs.
In May 2011, Gao'an City, Jiangxi Province, Linchuan District, Fuzhou City, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province declared that tea-picking operas (Gao'an tea-picking opera, Fuzhou tea-picking opera, northern Guangdong tea-picking opera) were listed in the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list with the approval of the State Council.
Yangxin Tea-picking Opera is a traditional opera with strong characteristics popular in Yangxin County, Hubei Province. Its music is composed of three parts: the main tune, the color tune and the percussion music. The main tune includes the North tune, the Han tune, the sigh tune and the four equal tunes. It belongs to the structure of the plate tune. It has beautiful tune and great plasticity. It is the main tune of Yangxin Tea Picking Opera music. Apart from the main tune, the colour tune is also an important part of the opera music. For example, many local traditional folk songs, such as lantern songs, folk songs, field songs, colorful tunes with strong local flavor, as well as love songs of Tao, Yugu and various traditional folk customs, are inexhaustible and inexhaustible creative materials in Yangxin tea-picking opera music.
Yangxin Tea Picking Opera reproduces the joys, sorrows and miseries of the working people through theatrical performances. At the same time, it also reflects the working people's life interest, marriage and love, moral and ethical, optimistic and upward humanistic customs.
In 2008, Yangxin Tea Picking Opera was listed on the national intangible cultural heritage list, and was praised as a "camellia flower blooming alone in southeastern Hubei". As a well-known cultural brand in Yangxin County, it has irreplaceable cultural value.
Since the Yuan Dynasty, the custom of picking tea has been spreading all over the country. In the Sanqu works of the Yuan Dynasty, there are singing songs of picking tea songs, which have been circulated among the people all the time. However, the types of picking tea operas were mainly formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
South of Yangxin Fuhe River, such as Longgang, Yanggang, Maple Forest, Paishi, Wooden Harbor and other places, hilly and rolling, stretching, rich in tea. According to Xingguozhou Chronicle and Yangxin County Chronicle, Yangxin was listed as one of the 12 famous tea producing areas in the Song Dynasty, with an annual output of about 295,000 jin. It can be seen that Yangxin has a long history of tea cultivation and a large yield. Every March in Yangchun, tender tea is green. Girls gather in groups. Tea trees are green and green. Tea-picking songs are produced when men and women sing in the evergreen bushes.
During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Yangxin was a major town with mountains, lakes, fertile fields and abundant products. This abundant economic condition promoted the development of tea culture. Folk songs and minors were abundant during this period. Traditional folk art forms such as "Song of Lighting", "Drought Boat", "Lotus Boat" and "Single Drum" also appeared one after another.
Especially on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year, Yangxin prevails "playing with lanterns". People who play with lanterns integrate tea-picking songs and field gongs and drums into traditional folk minor scene singing. The performance takes the form of a man acting as a lady, another man acting as a clown, and another two people riding paper and horse to play a round court. The performer only needs a square table and several benches, which is almost free from environmental restrictions. Its characteristics are "gong and drum accompaniment, voice help tune", a person singing to the public and, the rhythm is bright, the atmosphere is strong. If performed on the stage, the band still occupies the center of the stage. The roles of Sheng, Dan, Jing, Du and Ugly are all played by men. This form is called "Flower Lantern Tune". "Flower lantern tune" is the early embryonic form of Yangxin tea picking opera.
After Huangmei Tea Picking Opera was introduced into Yangxin, it was combined with the local lantern tune, and through the continuous efforts and development of many generations of folk artists, it gradually formed Yangxin Tea Picking Opera. Li Jiagao believes that Yangxin Tea Picking Opera and Huangmei Tea Picking Opera are sister operas of the same clan and close relatives. They are mainly spread in Tongshan of Hubei Province, south of Yangxin Fuhe River, and Wuning, Ruichang and De'an of northern Jiangxi Province.
Yangxin Tea Picking Opera was first put on the stage in the mid-Qing Dynasty. So far, more than one hundred tea picking operas have been preserved among the people in the late Qing Dynasty.
"Ancient stage". At that time, some of the "flower lantern operas" which had been widely circulated in these ancient theatres, such as "Godmother and Son", "Yang Qilang", "New Year" and so on, were the initial prototype of Yangxin tea picking opera. In 1964, an expert group headed by Professor Yang Kuangmin of Hubei Conservatory of Music formally decided to form Yangxin Tea Picking Opera by systematically digging and sorting out and adding silk string accompaniment. Yangxin Tea Collection Theatre Troupe was set up for the first time in Yangxin County. So far, Yangxin County Tea Collection Theatre Troupe is also the only professional Tea Collection Theatre Troupe in Hubei Province.
From the perspective of folk cultural relics, Yangxin Tea-picking Opera is known as "thirty-two copies, seventy-two miniatures". In fact, there are more than one hundred existing plays, of which more than fifty are major ones and fifty or sixty are minor ones. Most of them are legendary themes and folk life stories.
Yangxin Tea Picking Opera has more than 100 traditional plays. Tea-picking opera music consists of three major parts: the main tune, the color tune and the percussion music. The main tune includes the northern tune, the Han tune, the sigh tune and the four equal tunes. This kind of acoustic cavity belongs to a plate-type variant, with beautiful melody, great plasticity and strong expressive force. Colorful tunes include more than 40 interludes in special minor. The small plays mainly composed of colorful tunes carry songs and dances, perform simple and unrestrained actions, and have strong feelings. Use dialect singing, voice help tune. In the past 45 years since its establishment, Yangxin Tea Collection Theatre Troupe has rehearsed a large number of excellent plays, including "Running the King to Kill His Family", "Zhang Helplessly Pick up Seals", "Three Aunts Exit the Palace", "A Cloud in the Mountain", "Dreaming Boat" and so on, which have won provincial awards. At the same time, a number of excellent national-level writers, composers, directors and actors have emerged, including Yu Changxun, the first-level national writer, Li Jiagao, the second-level director Xing Tinglai, the second-level composer Xiao Xinyao, the second-level actors Xiang Donggui, Cui Xiaoniu, Ke Chunlian, and so on. Cheng Guohua, Baiying, Fei Lijun, Wan Happy and a number of other well-known actors, deeply loved by the local people. For many years, on the basis of inheriting the tradition, professional literary and artistic workers have constantly reformed and innovated, making this "camellia flower" rooted in the mountainous areas of southeastern Hubei more colorful and fragrant.
1. In 1974, Comrade Mao watched the selection of plain battle and Rhododendron Hill, the transplanted repertoire of tea-picking opera.
Selected TV shows.
2. In 1976, General Wang Ping and Guan Guangfu, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, watched the tea-picking opera Song of the Gardener. After the performance, he went on stage to meet the actors cordially.
3. In 1982, he won the first prize and the second prize for the performance of creative plays in Hubei Province.
4. In 1987, Ke Chunlian and Cheng Guohua, the main actors in the transplanted drama "Loft Club", won the third prize for young actors in the competition of young actors in Hubei Province.
5. In 1989, Zhang Helplessly Picked up Seals won the Excellent Performance Award of Hubei Province.
6. In 1992, Sangu Exit Palace won the first prize for composing plays, the second prize for leading actors and the third prize for directing and orchestrating in Hubei Province.
7. In 1995, the modern drama "A cloud in the mountains" was awarded the second prize for composing new plays in Hubei Province, and Fei Lijun was awarded the second prize for acting.
8. The Dreamboat, which was created and performed in 2003, won various awards at the Hubei New Drama Exhibition, and participated in the 8th China Art Festival Exhibition in 2006.
9. In 2007, CCTV Channel 7 broadcasted Yangxin tea-picking opera "Three Aunts Exit the Palace" and "Dreaming Boat" in the column "Country World".
10. In 2008, Folk Opera "Three Turns Back" and "Mother and Daughter's Club" won the Excellent Performance Award in the First Art Festival of Hubei Province. Among them, Fei Lijun, the character in the play, won the second prize for actors and Ke Chunlian, the third prize for actors.
11. In the 8th Peony Flower Award Competition of Hubei Province in 2009, Fei Lijun and Bai Ying, the two leading actors in "Three Turns", "Pressure to Rest", "Lou Tai Hui", "Snow Zhong Xing" performed by our group, won the 8th Peony Flower Award of Hubei Province.
Current situation of inheritance
Yangxin tea-picking opera has been widely spread in the local area. Musical tunes of tea-picking opera can be heard in streets, alleys, shade shelters, square communities, and even fields. During the festival, clan ceremony, ancestral hall completion, temple fairs and various celebrations, red-and-white wedding ceremonies and other ritual activities, inviting theatre troupes to sing tea-picking opera has become a local custom in Yangxin countryside. As a solemn ceremonial activity, in order to make the event grand and grand, the village head took the lead in apportioning funds among the households. While singing the grand opera, firecrackers and fireworks were set off in the middle of the ceremony to show enthusiasm. The most significant thing is that in order to show the clan is a big state of etiquette, in the middle of the performance, a group of young labourers, while setting off firecrackers, carrying the whole pig, sheep, chicken and duck, apples, cans and other condolences on stage and delivered a speech. People call it "night stand".
Through this activity, the strength and unity of the clan are highlighted. It fully reflects the working people's honest, warm and hospitable moral sentiment. | <urn:uuid:b1c9a445-c404-48a5-96e8-1680739fdce3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.travelchina1.com/thread/Yangxin-Tea-Picking-Opera.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.951762 | 2,479 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Radishes are a superfood
One of the earliest vegetables harvested from the home garden in spring is radishes. They come up fast, grow fast, and add a dash of color and pep to a meal.
Radishes are high in vitamin C, which boosts bone health and helps wounds heal faster. They also contain folate and blood-pressure-lowering potassium, and they may even protect against cancer, according to some sources.
Radishes add a kick to green salads and stir-fry dishes.
A unique way of serving radishes is to shred them like potatoes and fry them with chopped onion. Add an egg for a complete breakfast.
Whole baby radishes or larger ones cut in half can be drizzled with olive oil, rosemary, salt, and pepper and baked at 425 degrees for 40 minutes. This results in a mellow flavor.
For an open-faced sandwich, slice radishes into rounds and place on a buttered bun or English muffin with a sprinkle of sea salt.
Last modified April 18, 2013 | <urn:uuid:166e9092-e2ef-431a-9232-31dc49bb976f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.peabodykansas.com/direct/radishes_are_a_superfood+4430rad+5261646973686573206172652061207375706572666f6f64 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934918 | 218 | 2.875 | 3 |
ERIC Number: ED209624
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1978-Oct
Reference Count: 0
Consultation-Conference on Developmental Disabilities and Gerontology. Proceedings of a Conference (Ann Arbor, Michigan, May 8-10, 1978).
Segal, Robert M., Ed.
This document contains the proceedings from the National Conference on Developmental Disabilities and Gerontology, a conference designed to develop guidelines for program development on national, state, and local levels; develop and disseminate a proceedings publication; and provide an interface between professionals working at national, state, and local levels in the areas of administration and practice. Following an introduction to the problems of the aged developmentally disabled person and a discussion of the designs and use of the conference participant's workbook, project reports are presented by representatives from five Aging/Developmental Disabilities Projects. A report on needs assessment for older developmentally disabled persons is followed by presentations of four conference workshops focusing on: (1) defining terminology; (2) examining and prioritizing service needs; (3) delineating obstacles in implementing needed services; and (4) developing models of services for the aging and aged developmentally disabled person. Issues concerning the delivery of services are discussed in presentations by representatives from four national consumer organizations for persons with developmental disabilities, e.g., autism, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, mental retardation. The materials conclude with a brief conference evaluation. The appendices contain the conference agenda, a listing of conference participants, and conference evaluation forms. (NRB)
Publication Type: Collected Works - Proceedings; Reports - Descriptive; Reports - General
Education Level: N/A
Sponsor: Office of Human Development (DHEW), Washington, DC. Office of Developmental Disabilities.
Authoring Institution: Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Inst. for the Study of Mental Retardation.
Note: For related document, see ED 091 807. | <urn:uuid:8d293a72-0057-4138-b348-53ba4577761e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED209624 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.861341 | 408 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Filíocht le Paddy Bushe agus Tadhg Ó Dushlaine
Spoken Word / Filíocht Ó Bhéal
Siúlóid treoirithe 1 le Kevin Ó Sé: Cath Fionntrá: Ag déanamh nasc idir an scéal agus an tírdhreach. Bualadh le chéile ag Carrchlós Cheanntrá. Beidh talamh gharbh ann, tabhair éadaí agus bróga cuí leat. Timpeall 1.5 – 2 uair.
Bígi linn go luath ar maidin do meascán do scéalta, ceol, agus amhráin i Tabhairne Dick Macks
Carl's second publication is due later in 2022
Siúl agus léamh timpeall gairdíní an Díseart
Former Professor of the History of Art, Trinity College, Roger Stalley will deliver a lecture on a number prominent sculptors who worked between approximately 900 and 1200AD. He will consider them as individual artists, with their own personalities, explaining how they set about their work and the practical problems they had to overcome, with a particularly interested in their displays of humour and fantasy.
Fred Cooke and Julie Jay discuss their status as TikTok legends and their experience teaching intimacy skills on the set of the hit Irish series Normal People.
A special reading of children’s book A Pocketful of Dreams and art workshop with the author and illustrator.
Corca Dhuibhne's hurlers and dancers, musicians and storytellers will perform together in this retelling of the mythological battle of Ventry. Curated by Diarmuid Lyng & Siobhán De Paor
A bilingual guided walk 2 with Kevin Ó Se: Battle of Ventry: Connecting the story to the landscape.
Lecture; The Penance of Silence, Revolution and Trauma 1919-1923 | <urn:uuid:c809df8a-9a09-49d7-af37-2512795df8b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://feilenabealtaine.ie/events-category/spoken-word-filiocht-o-bheal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.79118 | 441 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) initiated the decline of traditional data center strategies. Today, modern cloud-focused IT strategies enable organizations to implement new processes and scale their infrastructure up and down as needed, allowing them to reach cost efficiencies and high levels of flexibility.
Whether organizations have chosen a single- or multi-cloud vendor strategy, they are often surprised when they find that a business unit has servers on a platform without any IT oversight. PaaS adoption is commonly driven by developers working on custom applications, or even business-users. When the use of IaaS and PaaS services are leveraged by these user groups, it often happens without any IT oversight and can go unmonitored for extended periods of time - posing significant security risks to an organization.
Take for instance storage solutions. Microsoft Azure blobs, Amazon Web Services S3 buckets, or Google Cloud Platform storage buckets can host business-critical resources such as documents, databases, and source code. A simple access misconfiguration can expose sensitive information and lead to malicious exfiltration. Data shows that organizations often have hundreds of custom apps running in the cloud, while our research suggests that only a fraction is managed with IT oversight. Therefore, it’s important to establish IT oversight from the beginning to avoid stale.
Microsoft Cloud App Security has extended its Shadow IT Discovery capabilities to detect resources that are hosted on IaaS and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) solutions across Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Google Cloud Platform (GCP), with more being added soon.
The new “Discovered resources” tab in the Microsoft Cloud App Security portal provides you with visibility into the custom apps that run on top of your IaaS and PaaS subscriptions. You can use this new capability to gain full visibility into the resources that exist within your organization, which users are accessing them, transactions, IP addresses, and how much traffic is being transmitted.
Image 1 shows the new “Discovered resources” view in Microsoft Cloud App Security and the drill down into one of the discovered resources.
Image 1: “Discovered resources” view in Microsoft Cloud App Security | <urn:uuid:a8bbf593-20e3-4305-8fec-d30f9dcc3c7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techcommunity.microsoft.com:443/t5/security-compliance-and-identity/discover-shadow-it-across-iaas-and-paas-with-microsoft-s-casb/ba-p/650839 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.914213 | 455 | 1.75 | 2 |
Difference between revisions of "Green roof"
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Revision as of 15:43, 21 September 2017
There are two main types of green roofs, intensive and extensive.
Intensive green roofs have a deep planting bed and can support deeply rooting vegetation as well as pedestrian traffic. This section will solely discuss planting considerations for extensive green roofs.
Extensive green roofs have a porous, light-weight planting medium of shallow depth (40 mm to 200 mm) suitable for a limited number of grass and herbaceous species. Growing medium for extensive roofs varies widely and includes proprietary blends, sand, gravel, crushed brick, compost or organic matter. Extensive green roofs are intended to capture precipitation and roof runoff, require little maintenance, and are designed to succeed with minimal irrigation.
Before construction, a structural engineer must confirm that the load bearing capacity of the building structure and roof deck are sufficient to support the weight of the soil, vegetation and accumulated water or snow, and, if applicable, pedestrians, concrete pavers, etc.
The waterproof membrane must be fully tested before any other layers are applied.
It should be noted that successful green roof applications not only input from a structural engineer is required, but also from landscape architects and landscape contractors experienced with this type of project.
- Vegetation must survive extreme microclimates, including high wind velocities, cold winter temperatures that are not moderated by the ambient heat stored in the ground, and drought.
- Plants must be adapted to shallow well drained soil conditions.
- Conditions most closely resemble the ecology of alpine/subalpine, shoreline, and alvar ecosystems.
- Aesthetics must consider that the practice may be viewed from above or incorporated into a terrace feature.
- Non-native vegetation may be considered due to harsh conditions.
- Drought tolerant through some means other than roots as the planting medium is so shallow, such as succulent species.
- Plants that open their stomates at night to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide rather than in daytime store water most effectively.
- Plants that are low-growing with spreading roots will be more resistant to wind.
- Vegetation list is comprised of drought-tolerant, perennial and low maintenance species. The list includes a variety of sedums, wildflowers and grasses.
Vegetation must meet Canadian Standards for Nursery Stock, Eighth Edition and Nursery Sod Growers Association of Ontario Specifications.
- Several different types of pre-grown mats are available for green roofs which will provide instant vegetative coverage.
- Plant material should be free of disease, insects, defects or injuries and structurally sound with strong fibrous root systems; roots should be pruned regularly, but not later than one growing season prior to arrival on site.
- If seeding the feature, then seed mixes should be in accordance with Government of Canada Seeds Act and Regulation. To ensure plant coverage within the first year, the City of Toronto green roof construction standard proposes that the green roof should be planted by a seeding rate of 325 seeds/m2, or cuttings distributed not less than 12kg/100m2, or pre-grown plugs installed at not less than 11 plugs/m2.
- The first 2 to 3 weeks is critical to help establish plants and roots.
- A warranty on the vegetation should be included in the construction contract.
- Plants should be replaced as needed to ensure complete coverage and not just at the end of the warranty. | <urn:uuid:07697c8d-15c8-45cc-b2e6-d8750ee7808c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/index.php?title=Green_roof&diff=prev&oldid=4016 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.914693 | 798 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Detail of the Mykonos pithamphora which shows the wooden horse the Greeks used to infiltrate the city of Troy in the final stages of the Trojan War. The wheels on the feet of the horse can be clearly seen. Manufactured in the second quarter of the 7th century BCE. The vessel was made on the island of Tinos in the Cyclades and found at Chora on Mykonos. (Archaeological Museum, Mykonos).
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Upon purchasing this image, you may not re-sell this image, including but not limited to digital downloads or printed items where the image is the dominant content (such as postcards, for example). | <urn:uuid:8fad7138-2fe9-43aa-9118-64915196c1b7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ancient.eu/image/1365/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00462-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908403 | 247 | 2.640625 | 3 |
“Baldwin man who sat front and center of history: Former MSUM professor tells story of New York Times military writer”
By: Ross F. Collins, North Dakota State University, INFORUM
“Baldwin of the Times: Hanson W. Baldwin, a Military Journalist’s Life, 1903-1991”
By Robert B. Davies, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2011, 399 pages, $32.95.
Robert Davies spent 32 years at Minnesota State University Moorhead teaching history to generations of us journalism majors who most often hardly knew the difference between Lincoln Steffens and Lincoln Logs. He mentioned the New York Times fairly often. Sometimes he mentioned a writer for that newspaper named Hanson Baldwin.
Davies knew quite a bit about Baldwin. In fact, he came to know so much that he wrote this biography of the country’s top military journalist during much of the last century.
For a series on the World War II Guadalcanal Campaign in 1943, Baldwin reached the pinnacle of American journalism, winning a Pulitzer Prize. But to Baldwin, that was just act one of a career as first-ever Times military editor.
His work would span another quarter century. Baldwin’s wide-ranging writing defined prolific – 18 books and thousands of articles. But in interviews with Davies, Baldwin in retirement dismissed all that. There is nothing, he said, quite as evanescent as a journalist’s writing.
Baldwin seemed to be right. He really was nearly forgotten by all except a few specialists in journalism history. Or he would have been, had Davies not brought the once prominent journalist back from obscurity.
Davies covers Baldwin’s youth as a naval officer and fortuitous jump into journalism. He takes readers through World War II and the Cold War conflicts of Korea and Vietnam. The chronicle of Baldwin’s work offers an opportunity for reflection on United States’ military history – its triumphs for sure, but more often than we’d like to admit, its tragedies.
Baldwin was a confidant of political leaders and an acquaintance of military commanders. But he was not necessarily an apologist for either. He was often critical, frequently outspoken, sometimes blunt.
Baldwin had every right to his opinion as the most credible and knowledgeable military journalist of his time. But after the Korean War’s frustrating stalemate, the country’s attitude to its military was evolving.
“Baldwin’s writing,” wrote Davies, “served as a public diary that followed the changing public perception of the role of the American military in our national life.”
As perceptive as Baldwin could be on so many military issues, by the 1960s he had become the journalistic elder who apparently could not see that continuing the war in Vietnam was tearing American society to pieces. He had differences with Times management before this over his opinions, but his unwavering support for the Vietnam War brought him into clashes that couldn’t be resolved. He retired in 1968.
Baldwin died in 1991, without writing his own memoirs. But for those who want to know more about the American Century through one of its greatest writers of military affairs, Davies brings us the biography of a man who occupied a chair at front row and center of history. | <urn:uuid:58279bcc-46d4-47b0-895c-b5bd430aca56> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://news.mnstate.edu/2014/05/baldwin-man-who-sat-front-and-center-of-history-former-msum-professor-tells-story-of-new-york-times-military-writer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00314-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975139 | 697 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Washington Post slapped with $250mn defamation suit by Covington student
The boy who became the face of “white privilege” when an edited video of his confrontation with an indigenous protester went viral is suing the Washington Post for defamation, asking for its entire value in a 2013 sale as damages.
Nick Sandmann, the Covington Catholic student whose “smirk” and “punchable face” launched a thousand reactionary tweets when the deceptively-edited video of his confrontation with Native American protester Nathan Phillips went viral last month, has filed a defamation lawsuit against the Post for $250 million – the entire amount Amazon founder Jeff Bezos paid for the paper in 2013 – alleging the paper used him as “a pawn in its political war” against President Donald Trump.
The suit claims the Post “wrongly targeted and bullied” the high schooler in order to “advance its well-known and easily documented, biased agenda against President Donald J. Trump” because Sandmann is white and wore the red Make America Great Again hat that has become an iconic symbol among the president’s fans – and his detractors.
By implying that Sandmann “engaged in acts of racism by ‘swarming’ Phillips, ‘blocking’ his exit away from the students, and otherwise engaging in racist misconduct,” the Post “fanned the flames of the social media mob into a mainstream media frenzy,” compounding the threats and bullying directed at the teen, while its failure to fact-check – the unedited video was freely available at the time of publication – confirms its “utter and knowing disregard for the truth.”
Sandmann’s lawyer, Lin Wood, says this lawsuit is “only the beginning.” The lawsuit, filed in Kentucky federal court, seeks $50 million in compensatory damages and $200 million in punitive damages, as well as attorneys’ fees, “to deter [WaPo] from repeating such egregiously unlawful misconduct in the future.” The Post was the first to circulate the video outside social media, they believe, but Wood and partner Todd McMurtry sent a letter to 54 media outlets, celebrities, lawmakers, and church entities warning them of future legal action as well.
The edited video circulated by the Post and other mainstream outlets framed Sandmann as the villain in the encounter with Phillips, even though the elder and a few other protesters had actually walked into the middle of the group of teenagers, chanting and beating drums in their faces deliberately.
Sandmann, whose face was front and center in the video, quickly became the subject of vicious and even violent tweets from strangers writing about punching him in the face, burning down his school, and committing other heinous acts against him and his classmates.Also on rt.com ‘I had every right to stand there’: Covington Catholic student says he has nothing to apologize for
A report by an independent investigation firm hired by Covington Diocese, which operates the school, further vindicated the boys when it was released last week, confirming they did not utter any “racist or offensive comments” at Phillips or chant “build that wall” as he initially claimed.
“Our students did not instigate the incident that occurred at the Lincoln Memorial,” the school announced.
Think your friends would be interested? Share this story! | <urn:uuid:5a110419-42d5-4742-bfba-09a77b8164f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rt.com/usa/451880-washington-post-covington-lawsuit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.973439 | 708 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The exhibition featured 157 of Escher’s works, with the space and objects created by nendo and inspired by Escher’s works.
House of movement incorporates a house motif with an animation, projection mapped directly onto a geometric, tile-like base. This was designed as a three-dimensional relief using a two-dimensional house pattern.
Inspiration was taken from Escher’s works as he investigated the perfect geometry of crystals and Platonic solids. In the same way Escher expressed the tension between order and chaos, these houses express a state of flux between two-dimensionality and three-dimensionality. By creating digital optical illusions, the animation changes the depth, layout and colour of the base and creates new movements that exist between the accurate physical dimension and the limitless digital world.
Creative Director: Oki Sato • Art Director & Animation: Alistair Moncur • Production: nendo. | <urn:uuid:42b515cf-9d61-4896-8f84-dd9e4158970a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://robotmafia.com/house-of-movement/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.935041 | 191 | 1.609375 | 2 |
For this article, I want to present the following report that comes from Michael Snyder, who writes for the "Investment Watch" blog, at www.investmentwatchblog.com. It is entitled: "19 Reasons Why You Can Laugh When Anyone Tells You That The Economy Is In Good Shape" and takes a point by point look at how truly bad the economic outlook is in the United States at this very moment... I have that report right here for everyone to read for themselves, and as always my usual thoughts and comments to follow:
19 Reasons Why You Can Laugh When Anyone Tells You That The Economy Is In Good Shape
Job cuts climbed to the highest level in more than a year, as U.S.-based employers announced plans to reduce payrolls by 52,961 in May, according to a report from Challenger, Gray & Christmas.
The most eye-opening measure of how poorly the vast majority are faring these days comes from comparing the periods after the Great Recession and the Great Depression.The 90 percent, the vast majority, saw their income decline in 2012 compared with 2009, the year the Great Recession officially ended. Average annual income was down $556, or almost 2 percent, adjusted for inflation, to $30,997.But in 1936, three years after the Great Depression ended, the vast majority enjoyed 31 percent more income than in 1933. The average increase, in today’s dollars, was $2,146 per household.
Points #1 and #2 for example are absolutely true, and the failure of Radio Shack in America is just the tip of the iceberg about how bad the retail market is right now in the US... Anyone living in America only needs to just go to their local mall to see that there are almost no shoppers present, and retailers are all in danger of bankruptcy.
Point #7 brings home the disaster of the US college system right now, especially where graduates can no longer be guaranteed jobs and instead are saddled with college debt that they can never ever repay.
Point #11 is troubling.. With no proper income, most Americans can no longer to make huge purchases which of course fuels the retail business disaster that is covered in points #1 and #2.....
Same as point #12.... Retail auto markets have their newer vehicles priced to the point that most Americans can never purchase a new vehicle.... The logic would dictate that all auto manufacturers should be LOWERING their sticker prices for new vehicles, but due to their want for greed that is impossible...
Point #16 is the saddest of all.... Children should never ever be living in poverty. But the US government would rather spend money on wars and Israel than actually work on feeding the most cherished and needy part of their population.
And of course point #19 brings home the fact that America is in steep decline.. Fewer people with disposable income in a nation dependent on consumer spending to drive its economy.
One other note.... For those who are living in Canada, what is happening in the US definitely does reflect on the trends in this nation as well.... I have seen a drastic reduction in consumer spending in retail malls here as well and there are indeed many retailers that are either going bankrupt or on the verge of bankruptcy. The fact is that what happens in the US absolutely does severely affect Canada simply because our major trading partner has always been the US. I said before that when the US sneezes, Canada always catches the cold....
The bottom line is that the US economic collapse is no laughing matter, and to me those who honestly think that the US economy (and Canada's as well) is on the "road to recovery" or is in "good shape" are living in a dream world.... They need to wake the hell up to the truth and very quickly..
More to come | <urn:uuid:c77494b5-eb1d-4dc6-9571-df58f4348688> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://northerntruthseeker.blogspot.com/2014/06/america-is-finished-19-reasons-why-you.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00499-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962667 | 774 | 1.59375 | 2 |
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