text stringlengths 181 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1
value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 50 138k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The year 1960 marks the point of departure for Edgar Reitz's twenty-five-hour movie Die zweite Heimat (The Second Homeland), which tries to reconstruct ten years of German history from the selective perspective of young avant-garde artists in Munich. In contrast to critics who claim that the music in Die zweite Heimat functions merely as a “quid pro quo” for Reitz's film aesthetic, I intend to illustrate the highly independent role of music, which does not simply coincide with the medium of film but occupies a distinct position within the decade's sociopolitical landscape. The compositional diversity of the heterogeneous styles and programs presents a music-historical panorama that comprises dodecaphonic, aleatory, bruitist, phonetic, music-theatrical, and electronic music along with classical works and art songs from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In this regard Die zweite Heimat fills a gap left open in German literature since Thomas Mann's Doktor Faustus by presenting a fictional portrayal of music's history after World War II.
Skip Nav Destination
Ulrich Schönherr; Out of Tune: Music, Postwar Politics, and Edgar Reitz's Die zweite Heimat. New German Critique 1 August 2010; 37 (2 (110)): 107–124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0094033X-2010-007
Download citation file: | <urn:uuid:208ad785-25f5-49a8-b53b-16e3f8543b73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://read.dukeupress.edu/new-german-critique/article-abstract/37/2%20(110)/107/33067/Out-of-Tune-Music-Postwar-Politics-and-Edgar-Reitz?redirectedFrom=fulltext | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.823274 | 308 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Huge wildfires are burning across the western United States, including a 400-square-mile fire in Washington that is the largest in state history.
One fire in California is threatening an ancient grove of giant sequoia trees in Yosemite National Park. Fire crews from Minnesota have been sent help fight fires in Idaho and Oregon as well.
For this week's Climate Cast, we discuss what we know - and don't know - about what climate change means for the number and intensity of wildfires in the U.S.
Before you keep reading ...
MPR News is made by Members. Gifts from individuals fuel the programs that you and your neighbors rely on. Donate today to power news, analysis, and community conversations for all. | <urn:uuid:132a18d8-6511-4768-8d2a-31fddcba14c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mprnews.org/story/2014/07/31/daily-circuit-climate-cast | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.955938 | 149 | 2.4375 | 2 |
CicLAvia catalyzes vibrant public spaces, active transportation and good health through car-free street events. CicLAvia engages with people to transform our relationship with our communities and with each other. CicLAvia makes the streets safe for people to walk, skate, play and ride a bike. There are activities along the route. Shop owners and restaurants are encouraged to open their doors to people along the CicLAvia. Ciclovías started in Bogotá, Colombia, over thirty years ago as a response to the congestion and pollution of city streets. Now they happen throughout Latin America and the United States.
Connecting communities and giving people a break from the stress of car traffic. The health benefits are immense. Ciclovías bring families outside of their homes to enjoy the streets, our largest public space. In Los Angeles we need CicLAvia more than ever. Our streets are congested with traffic, our air is polluted with toxic fumes, our children suffer from obesity and other health conditions caused by the scarcity of public space and safe, healthy transportation options. CicLAvia creates a temporary park for free, simply by removing cars from city streets. It creates a network of connections between our neighborhoods and businesses and parks with corridors filled with fun. We can’t wait to see you at CicLAvia!
thanks to my guest Aaron Pailey who talked ALL about this community event...to find out more...click here: http://www.ciclavia.org/
We are a nationwide network of passionate professionals working in public schools to surround students with a community of support, empowering them to stay in school and achieve in life.
Communities In Schools works within the public school system, determining student needs and establishing relationships with local businesses, social service agencies, health care providers, and parent and volunteer organizations to provide needed resources
Thanks to my guest CIS President Bobby Arias... | <urn:uuid:aba8d2e0-0eef-4894-ae49-7ef5b7a780cb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://1043myfm.iheart.com/onair/my-la-your-community-on-my-47118/ciclavia-golf-benefit-4-communities-in-12203476/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00426-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941979 | 393 | 1.609375 | 2 |
by Paul Preuss for Berkeley News
Berkeley CA (SPX) Mar 11, 2014
Sixteen years ago two teams of supernova hunters, one led by Saul Perlmutter of the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), the other by Brian Schmidt of the Australian National University, declared that the expansion of the universe is accelerating - a Nobel Prize-winning discovery tantamount to the discovery of dark energy.
Both teams measured how fast the universe was expanding at different times in its history by comparing the brightnesses and redshifts of Type Ia supernovae, the best cosmological "standard candles."
These dazzling supernovae are remarkably similar in brightness, given that they are the massive thermonuclear explosions of white dwarf stars, which pack roughly the mass of our sun into a ball the size of Earth. Based on their colors and how fast they brighten and fade away, the brightnesses of different Type Ia supernovae can be standardized to within about 10 percent, yielding accurate gauges for measuring cosmic distances.
Until recently, scientists thought they knew why Type Ia supernovae are all so much alike. But their favorite scenario was wrong.
The assumption was that carbon-oxygen white dwarf stars, the progenitors of the supernovae, capture additional mass by stripping it from a companion star or by merging with another white dwarf; when they approach the Chandrasekhar limit (40 percent more massive than our sun) they experience thermonuclear runaway. Type Ia brightnesses were so similar, scientists thought, because the amounts of fuel and the explosion mechanisms were always the same.
"The Chandrasekhar mass limit has long been put forward by cosmologists as the most likely reason why Type Ia supernovae brightnesses are so uniform, and more importantly, why they are not expected to change systematically at higher redshifts," says cosmologist Greg Aldering, who leads the international Nearby Supernova Factory (SNfactory) based in Berkeley Lab's Physics Division.
"The Chandrasekhar limit is set by quantum mechanics and must apply equally, even for the most distant supernovae."
But a new analysis of normal Type Ia supernovae, led by SNfactory member Richard Scalzo of the Australian National University, a former Berkeley Lab postdoc, shows that in fact they have a range of masses. Most are near or slightly below the Chandrasekhar mass, and about one percent somehow manage to exceed it.
The SNfactory analysis has been accepted for publication by the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society and is available online as an arXiv preprint.
A new way to analyze exploding stars
Some models picture a single white dwarf borrowing mass from a giant companion. However, says Scalzo, "The most massive newly formed carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are expected to be around 1.2 solar masses, and to approach the Chandrasekhar limit a lot of factors would have to line up just right even for these to accrete the remaining 0.2 solar masses."
If two white dwarfs are orbiting each other they somehow have to get close enough to either collide or gently merge, what Scalzo calls "a tortuously slow process." Because achieving a Chandrasekhar mass seems so unlikely, and because sub-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs are so much more numerous, many recent models have explored how a Type Ia explosion could result from a sub-Chandrasekhar mass - so many, in fact, that Scalzo was motivated to find a simple way to eliminate models that couldn't work.
He and his SNfactory colleagues determined the total energy of the spectra of 19 normal supernovae, 13 discovered by the SNfactory and six discovered by others. All were observed by the SNfactory's unique SNIFS spectrograph (SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph) on the University of Hawaii's 2.2-meter telescope on Mauna Kea, corrected for ultraviolet and infrared light not observed by SNIFS.
A supernova eruption thoroughly trashes its white dwarf progenitor, so the most practical way to tell how much stuff was in the progenitor is by spectrographically "weighing" the leftover debris, the ejected mass. To do this Scalzo took advantage of a supernova's layered composition.
A Type Ia's visible light is powered by radioactivity from nickel-56, made by burning carbon near the white dwarf's center. Just after the explosion this radiation, in the form of gamma rays, is absorbed by the outer layers - including iron and lighter elements like silicon and sulfur, which consequently heat up and glow in visible wavelengths.
But a month or two later, as the outer layers expand and dissipate, the gamma rays can leak out. The supernova's maximum brightness compared to its brightness at late times depends on how much gamma radiation is absorbed and converted to visible light - which is determined both by the mass of nickel-56 and the mass of the other material piled on top of it.
The SNfactory team compared masses and other factors with light curves: the shape of the graph, whether narrow or wide, that maps how swiftly a supernova achieves its brightest point, how bright it is, and how hastily or languorously it fades away. The typical method of "standardizing" Type Ia supernovae is to compare their light curves and spectra.
"The conventional wisdom holds that the light curve width is determined primarily or exclusively by the nickel-56 mass," Scalzo says, "whereas our results show that there must also be a deep connection with the ejected mass, or between the ejected mass and the amount of nickel-56 created in a particular supernova."
Exploding white dwarf stars, the bottom line
For a supernova whose light falls off quickly, the progenitor is a lot less massive than the Chandrasekhar mass - yet it's still a normal Type Ia, whose luminosity can be confidently standardized to match other normal Type Ia supernovae.
The same is true for a Type Ia that starts from a "classic" progenitor with Chandrasekhar mass, or even more. For the heavyweights, however, the pathway to supernova detonation must be significantly different than for lighter progenitors. These considerations alone were enough to eliminate a number of theoretical models for Type Ia explosions.
Carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are still key. They can't explode on their own, so another star must provide the trigger. For super-Chandrasekhar masses, two C-O white dwarfs could collide violently, or one could accrete mass from a companion star in a way that causes it to spin so fast that angular momentum supports it beyond the Chandrasekhar limit.
More relevant for cosmolology, because more numerous, are models for sub-Chandrasekhar mass. From a companion star, a C-O white dwarf could accumulate helium, which detonates more readily than carbon - the result is a double detonation. Or two white dwarfs could merge.
There are other surviving models, but the psychological "safety net" that the Chandrasekhar limit once provided cosmologists has been lost. Still, says Scalzo, the new analysis narrows the possibilities enough for theorists to match their models to observations.
"This is a significant advance in furthering Type Ia supernovae as cosmological probes for the study of dark energy," says Aldering, "likely to lead to further improvements in measuring distances. For instance, light-curve widths provide a measure of the range of the star masses that are producing Type Ia supernovae at each slice in time, well back into the history of the universe."
This work was supported by DOE's Office of Science and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and in France by CNRS/IN2P3 (National Center for Scientific Research, National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics), CNRS/INSU (CNRS National Institute for Earth Sciences and Astronomy), and PNC (Programme National de Cosmologie). "Type Ia Supernova Bolometric Light Curves and Ejected Mass Estimates from the Nearby Supernova Factory,"
The Nearby Supernova Factor
Stellar Chemistry, The Universe And All Within It
|The content herein, unless otherwise known to be public domain, are Copyright 1995-2014 - Space Media Network. All websites are published in Australia and are solely subject to Australian law and governed by Fair Use principals for news reporting and research purposes. AFP, UPI and IANS news wire stories are copyright Agence France-Presse, United Press International and Indo-Asia News Service. ESA news reports are copyright European Space Agency. All NASA sourced material is public domain. Additional copyrights may apply in whole or part to other bona fide parties. Advertising does not imply endorsement, agreement or approval of any opinions, statements or information provided by Space Media Network on any Web page published or hosted by Space Media Network. Privacy Statement All images and articles appearing on Space Media Network have been edited or digitally altered in some way. Any requests to remove copyright material will be acted upon in a timely and appropriate manner. Any attempt to extort money from Space Media Network will be ignored and reported to Australian Law Enforcement Agencies as a potential case of financial fraud involving the use of a telephonic carriage device or postal service.| | <urn:uuid:89b402a2-bbdf-46fa-9533-011decd84984> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Standard_Candle_Supernovae_are_Still_Standard_but_Why_999.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00271-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939207 | 1,971 | 2.953125 | 3 |
| DAVAO CITY, Philippines
DAVAO CITY, Philippines The Philippine government and Maoist rebels have declared truces in two southern provinces devastated by a typhoon last week as the army concentrates on relief and many rebels recover from the disaster, a commander said on Monday.
Typhoon Bopha killed 647 people and caused crop damage worth 8.5 billion pesos ($210 million).
The most intense storm to hit the Philippines this year wiped out about 90 percent of three coastal towns in Davao Oriental province and buried an entire town in neighbouring Compostela Valley province under mud.
Communist New People's Army (NPA) guerrillas are active in those two worst-hit provinces, which are on Mindano island.
Major-General Ariel Bernardo, an army division commander, said he had ordered troops to shift from combat to relief operations, and to help deliver food and rebuild communities.
"We heard the rebels had declared an informal ceasefire, we welcome that because we can all concentrate on helping typhoon victims," Bernardo told Reuters.
"I believe many of these rebels were also affected and could be in the shelter areas."
The death toll stood at 647 on Monday, with nearly 800 missing and more than 1,000 injured, the national disaster agency said in its latest tally. About 100 fishermen were feared lost between Mindanao and Indonesia's Sulawesi island.
The Philippines' social welfare department and the United Nations are appealing for help as humanitarian agencies bring in food, water, medicines and shelter material for more than 5.4 million people affected by the storm.
NPA guerrillas have been battling government forces in various parts of the Philippines for decades.
The government signed a peace deal with the country's biggest Muslim rebel group, which also operates in the south, in October.
Bernardo said troops had cleared roads of debris and mud and restored links to cut-off communities to allow in food and other supplies.
Television pictures showed entire coastal areas in Davao Oriental levelled to the ground.
About 20 typhoons hit the Philippines every year, often causing death and destruction. Almost exactly a year ago, typhoon Washi killed nearly 1,500 people in Mindanao, but most storms make landfall further north.
(Additional Reporting By Manuel Mogato in MANILA; Editing by Robert Birsel) | <urn:uuid:b25a68c8-7dbd-44b1-9b57-6966fbae040c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-philippines-typhoon-idUKBRE8B903P20121210?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00540-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959925 | 487 | 2.265625 | 2 |
The Aga Khan Trust for Culture appointed Sites International as the lead consultant to develop and design the final master plan, landscape architecture, selected architecture and site supervision/project management of Al Azhar Park.
The 74-acre site is uniquely situated amidst the splendor of Old Cairo, atop a 500 year old landfill and is defined along its western boundary by the 800 year old Ayyubid wall. The design theme is derived from the contextual Islamic heritage of Old Cairo and the design intent is to provide green open space for the densely populated city.
The master plan centers on a major pedestrian spine that extends north-south, linking the topographically-varied landscape elements of the Park.
Furniture and lighting fixtures were custom designed by Sites International, using local artisans from a nearby quarry district.
Al Azhar Park, now a Cairo landmark, was instrumental in the development of environmental awareness and a better understanding of the profession of landscape architecture in Egypt.
The Park’s diverse planting material is a valuable educational resource for botany and horticulture students. Throughout the design process, Sites International was mindful of sustainable design issues.
Native and adaptive trees and shrubs were used to provide shade and heat relief and the irrigation system uses raw water from the Nile.
Al Azhar Park transformed one of the poorest, most populous and historically rich parts of Cairo into a sustainable open space, stimulated social and economic development and generated revenues exceeding operational and maintenance costs. | <urn:uuid:7f3a367f-61f7-4d04-bcd6-b4a2215d7b49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sitesint.com/projects/al-azhar-park/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.922028 | 309 | 1.976563 | 2 |
The two different contours of Malaysia formed by the South China Sea has given it contrasting features that are a boon to it in its own ways. The peninsular part of Malaysia consist of the populated, urbanized modern world while the island of Borneo is still in its green glory of tropical jungles filled with wildlife and hills. When one visits this country he/she can see a wide variety of cultures from all parts of Asia that have blossomed in this southeastern part of the world. As a result the term “Malaysia truly Asia” crows this country.
The ecstatic beauty of this country and its diversified cultures cannot be expressed in words; therefore one has to have a visit to get the vibe of the merging cultures that have blossomed here. A Malaysia tour is the best possible holiday destination to gift your loved ones or just yourself. The things to do and see here would be so contrasting from each other that each moment spent here would be filled with fun and frolic.
Malaysia Travel Agents showcase you a bit of the fun filled flavours of this little Asia such as:-
Petronas twin towers- this was the words tallest building until Taipei 101 took the title from it. The tower has a staggering 88 floors and to describe the view of Kuala Lumpur from it is simply majestic. On the 41st and 42nd floor they have constructed a sky walk which in itself is a wonder to awe upon.
Cameron highlands- the highlands is one of the best known hills of Malaysia which covers a large area and is well known for its scenic beauty. This highland houses the great tropical moss forest that is carpeted by moss throughout and the trees tower above you with a great height.
Pulau Penang- in this particular place you will find a lot of Chinese people. The temples here are amazing and will spellbind you with the magical aura it has got. The Penang butterfly farm here is a good spot to relax and see the wonderful colour’s of butterflies fluttering around.
Taman Negara- a national park in the Titiwangsa Mountains which has a variety of tropical trees, plants, animals and insects to add to its charm and beauty, this place is a must visit when in Malaysia. This particular national park is spread over three states of Malaysia namely Pahang, Kelantang and Terengganu, thus making it a very large national park.
Pulau Tioman- thickly vegetated with forests this island was once crowned as one of the best and beautiful islands in the world. This island is surrounded by white corals which makes it a snorkeling heaven for those in search of underwater beauty.
The above mentioned attractions of Malaysia are just a miniscule part of a great number of things to do and see. Tours to Malaysia are always a great experience to treasure without any measure. Take a time out and enjoy the fun filled atmosphere in the cultural bowl of Asia we all know as Malaysia.
Vinay Kumar writes about various beautiful tours and travel destinations of the world. He is providing valuable information on Malaysia Travel Packages and Malaysia Holiday Packages etc. For more information visit to http://www.malaysiatourpackages.org
The Contrasting Edges Of Malaysia That Will Edge Itself In Y | <urn:uuid:e823a1e7-597b-4366-aa01-96939b9e75fe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://copytaste.com/w848 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00034-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947517 | 680 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Numerous popular e-wallets encompass a way to make a payment transaction to traders after you install an e-wallet or perhaps even several of them on your mobile device. These payment apps and other apps make you equipped to make mobile payment transactions. In most instances, when you visit a store, there is a payment terminal at the checkout counter. When it is time to make a payment transaction, we need to comply with the payment provider’s instructions. In many situations, you need to hold your mobile device close to the terminal and before finishing the payment transaction; you might need to go through a confirmation process.
Do you hold your cellphone more often than a purse or a wallet? If that is the case, buying things and paying bills with your cellphone might be the practical choice. Assuming you want your cellphone to replace your usual technique of spending with the use of credit/debit cards, and the occasional cash payment transaction at retail stores and other places, you can do so by using your mobile device. There are several methods to make digital payments with the use of your mobile device. For example, you may want to people who do not have a payment terminal, such as send a digital cash payment transaction to family or pay a service contractor.
Apart from the benefits and simply being in the trend, there are several motivations to make an online payment with the use of a mobile device. Safety is considered one of them. Our cellular equipment can offer much greater protection than those conventional magnetic-stripe debit or credit cards, which are vulnerable to information breaches, although this disadvantage diminishes as most physical cards now have chips. Plus, if you keep more than one physical card, it’s a lot less complicated to pick out the payment method you need without having to choose from a lot of physical cards such as your bank ATMs, debit cards, credit cards, and even store cards.
You normally need to store funds in a cellular device that has an e-wallet to be able to spend. To achieve storing funds in an e-wallet, enter your debit or credit card or financial institution account information and make a funds transfer. To make a payment transaction, with the aid of typing it in or scanning a QR code, you are probably capable of linking a digital wallet to nearly every financial services account.
These e-wallets do conceal your data. You would possibly pay with a credit card; however, the merchant does no longer see your actual card info, just like the number, code, or expiration date. What is used are randomized “tokens” to be able to encrypt the details of your payment transaction. Ultimately, paying by using your mobile device might be an option that you use when it is available. In time, it is possible that there will be more places that will have your preferred method to pay this way, and the payment infrastructure will be ready for more facilities and establishments to accept mobile payment transactions. | <urn:uuid:6950be9a-8bc9-4848-a9a0-4f45faaa7fc2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.etoilesdemontagne.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.955562 | 609 | 2.046875 | 2 |
View all images Public Monuments and Sculpture Association
The images contained on these web pages form part of the database of the National Recording Project (NRP), which can be found on the web at www.pmsa.org.uk, and contains textual information giving core data on over 9,000 public sculptures and monuments in a geographical area covering 75% of Britain. The NRP is the principal project of the PMSA which is a charity supported by subscribers, founded in 1991 for the promotion and protection of the nation's public sculpture and commemorative monuments. The PMSA President is His Royal Highness The Duke of Gloucester, KG, GCVO; the Patron is Sir Eduardo Paolozzi, CBE, RA, and the Chair is Loyd Grossman. The NRP was supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund; also by the Dulverton Trust, the Henry Moore Foundation and the Pilgrim Trust, and many regional institutions.
The NRP, chaired by Ian Leith (English Heritage),is a continuing survey of all the public sculpture and monuments in Britain. Phase One of the survey was initiated in 1992, through a survey of Liverpool public sculptures carried out for the Walker Art Gallery and supported by National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside, the University of Leicester and a generous individual contribution: completion took the form of Volume I of the NRP series Public Sculpture of Britain, by Terry Cavanagh, published by the Liverpool University Press (1997).
In 1997, the NRP was awarded a £470,000 Heritage Lottery Fund grant for 75%Phase Two national coverage: this included most urban centres and some rural areas of England, all of Wales, South-West Scotland and the City of Glasgow. On the Tenth Anniversary of the PMSA, held at the Courtauld Institute of Art, the NRP launched its prototype database and website which are based at the National Archive Centre (NAC) in the Conway Library at the Institute. June of the following year saw completion of HLF-funded Phase Two, which comprised data-gathering from site and archival sources, writing to database (specially-designed by Jeremy Beach), and site photography carried out at twelve Regional Archive Centres (RACs) based in universities, colleges and museums throughout Britain. Consolidation of the regional databases into one national database, and digitisation of images, were carried out respectively by Dr David Powell of King's College, London and the Witt Computer Index at the Courtauld Institute of Art.
Whilst the PMSA's National Recording Project continues to develop its database and website to complete its coverage of Britain, the public still has access to an invaluable and dynamic resource for educationists, researchers, local and social historians, community organisers, conservation, planning and listing officers, architects, and the general enthusiast. The images and data contained on these web pages are intended as an introduction to the nation's continuing collection of public sculpture and commemorative monuments in all their numerous variety of forms, ancient and modern.
Jo Darke, NRP National Co-ordinator, August 2002
Copyright for all images held in this collection is owned by the Public Monuments and Scupture Association.
|Address:||Public Monuments & Sculpture Association
70 Cowcross Street
|Tel:||020 7490 5001| | <urn:uuid:e8ab680a-7120-420d-84cc-0c2c5693a0aa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://vads.ac.uk/collections/PMSA.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924394 | 682 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) includes $369 billion for “Energy Security and Climate Change,” the single largest climate investment in American history. Together, these programs will reduce U.S. carbon pollution 40 percent below 2005 levels by 2030, getting us four-fifths of the way to President Biden’s aggressive climate goal. It will also help us curb fossil-flation and bring energy bill relief to American households. Further, a record $60 billion of these investments will go to environmental justice communities, including reducing pollution and making clean energy more accessible.
A landmark climate investment to charge a path forward
What's in the bill? Here we detail some of our favorites.
1. One million low- and moderate-income households go electric.
The High Efficiency Electric Home Rebate Act (HEEHRA), includes $4.5 billion in direct rebates for low- and moderate-income households that install new, efficient electric appliances, using a framework proposed in our Appliance Rebate Plan. For instance, a low income household will receive a rebate covering the full cost of a heat pump installation for space heating, up to a cap of $8,000.
This household couldreceive up to $1,750 for a heat pump water heater, $840 for an electric stove, and $840 for an electric clothes dryer. If required, this household can also receive up to $4,000 for an upgraded breaker box, $2,500 for upgraded electrical wiring, and $1,600 for insulation, ventilation and sealing. For moderate income households, the same rebates are available to cover 50 percent of the costs. This will enable roughly one million low- and moderate-income households to go electric. In addition, the Inflation Reduction Act includes $4.5 billion in efficiency and electrification rebates under the Home Energy Performance-Based, Whole-House Rebates.
2. Tax deductions for electric upgrades
The Energy Efficient Home Improvement credit, or 25C, allows households to deduct from their taxes up to 30 percent of the cost of upgrades to their homes, including installing heat pumps, insulation and, importantly, upgrading their breaker boxes to accommodate additional electric load. Upgrade costs include both equipment and installation/labor costs. These deductions are limited to $600 per measure, up to $1,200 per household per year—with one notable exception. Households can deduct 30 percent of the costs for buying and installing a heat pump water heater or heat pump for their space heating and cooling, up to $2,000.
The New Energy Efficient Home credit, or 45L, has received a substantial boost, providing up to $5,000 to developers to build homes that qualify for the Department of Energy’s Zero Energy Ready Homes standard. This applies to new single family, multifamily and manufactured homes, as well as existing homes that undergo a deep retrofit.
The Commercial Buildings Energy Efficient credit, or 179D, has been significantly expanded, offering $2.50 to $5.00 per square foot for businesses achieving 25 to 50 percent reductions in energy use over existing building performance standards.
In addition, $30 billion is available as a production tax credit to accelerate U.S. manufacturing of solar panels, wind turbines, batteries and critical minerals processing in the U.S., and another $10 billion is allocated as an investment tax credit for building new facilities that manufacture these technologies.
3. Pumping up the Defense Production Act
The Enhanced Use of the Defense Production Act includes $500 million to bolster the domestic manufacturing of heat pumps and the processing of critical minerals. This is in line with what we called for in our Electrify for Peace policy plan.
4. Zeroing out pollution from dirty fossil gas (AKA methane)
The Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund provides $27 billion in funding, of which $15 billion will enable low-income and disadvantaged communities to benefit from zero emission technologies and other greenhouse gas pollution reductions. This follows recommendations we made in our report on using these dollars to Rewire Communities. The Methane Fee would impose a fee for emitters of up to $1,500 per ton of this potent greenhouse gas in 2026.
5. Charging up EV adoption
The Clean Vehicle credit, or 30D, gives a $7,500 credit for new electric vehicles and a $4,000 credit for used electric vehicles. This will help everyday Americans afford to get an EV and start saving money every month. Operating an EV costs $1/gallon, which is way more affordable than an internal combustion engine car. This incentive will make clean cars the default and affordable choice for everyday Americans.
6. Residential solar and battery storage credits
The Residential Clean Energy credit, or 25D, re-ups an existing program allowing households installing solar to deduct 30 percent of the cost of the project from their taxes. This credit is guaranteed for 10 years, and now also includes residential battery storage systems.
7. Supporting environmental justice communities
The Environmental and Climate Justice Block Grants program is funded at $3 billion and enables disadvantaged communities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mitigate risks from extreme heat, improve climate resiliency and reduce indoor air pollution.
8. One billion dollars for affordable housing
The Improving Energy Efficiency and Water Efficiency or Climate Resilience in Affordable Housing (formerly known as the GREAHT Act) includes $1 billion in grants and loans for retrofit projects that advance building electrification, improve energy and water efficiency, and more in affordable housing.
9. Investments in tribal communities
The Tribal Electrification Program will provide $145 million to help tribal communities transition to clean, zero-emission, electric energy systems.
10. The code to zero
The Zero Building Energy Code Adoption provision invests $1 billion to ensure that more Americans are able to live and work in zero-emission buildings that meet the highest standards for energy efficiency, which will minimize energy bills, and improve health and safety.
11. Loans for clean energy investments
The Funding for Department of Energy Loan Programs Office (LPO) provision will provide LPO $3.6 billion to guarantee loans up to $40 billion in principal amounts. These investments will spur the deployment and adoption of innovative clean energy technologies. | <urn:uuid:8800eae7-9c9a-4cb0-a93a-166b597b98d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rewiringamerica.org/policy/inflation-reduction-act | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.92792 | 1,289 | 2.015625 | 2 |
RICHFIELD—Utah’s population is expected to grow by two-thirds and the number of households in Utah is expected to double to 2.2 million by 2060, the Six County Association of Governments announced at the Regional Growth Summit held in Richfield on May 10.
The annual meeting discusses growth issues in Juab, Millard, Piute, Sevier, Wayne, as well as Sanpete counties.
A bill requiring that cities meter secondary water, HB 242, which passed in the Utah Legislature this year, gives cities until 2030 to update their infrastructure.
Cameron Diehl, executive director of Utah the League of Cities and Towns (ULCT), led the legislative update break-out session and strongly encouraged cities to apply for American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funds as soon as possible to help pay for the metering upgrade. The federal funds are available on a first-come, first-serve basis.
A combination of ARPA grant funds and a loan applied for this year will cover 70% of costs. But the amount covered will drop to 65% next year until the funds are exhausted, he said.
Diehl explained that medium-to-large cities in Utah are experiencing a 20% reduction in water usage by simply installing secondary water meters.
But smaller, rural cities are having a different experience. A cost-benefit analysis done by ULCT after the legislation passed indicates that the upfront cost of the infrastructure may take longer for smaller towns to pay off.
Fifth- or sixth-class counties are exempted from complying with the HB 242, but Sanpete, a fourth-class county, is not. The burden of installing secondary meters is proportionately larger in the county’s small cities, such as Sterling and Centerfield, than in larger cities in the county and around the state.
The ULCT is paying attention to see if an amendment in next year’s legislative session is warranted to address the unequal burden of HB242 on small communities, Diehl said.
What people are calling “glamping” has become an issue in several counties lately. “Glamorous camping” is presently trending as an alternative to living in an established residence, often in response to the rising costs of rent or purchasing a home.
Campers with recreational vehicles (RVs), vans or camper trailers parked for extended periods of time should be in RV parks that have water and sewer disposal stations. But cities had questions about zoning and fire safety.
Cities are able to charge impact fees associated with water, power and sewer services provided to RV parks, said Meg Ryan, UCLT senior land use manager, who led the break-out session about glamping. She recommends that a formal impact fee study be carried out first to determine an appropriate rate.
Although RV-park residents who have been there for years may not be subject to newer ordinances, the city can respond to emerging problems based on health and safety concerns, she said.
For example, individual lots at RV parks have traditionally been permitted to be close together, but because the vehicles are extremely flammable, some cities have talked about requiring the parks to space the RVs further apart. In addition, municipalities can require that water storage be maintained at RV parks, especially those far away from other services, to help fight fires.
Garfield County has passed a glamping ordinance that is available on its website. Wayne County is also experiencing a serious glamping problem because of the national parks in the area.
Tiny homes are another issue cities and counties are dealing with in response to the current economy. Ryan said that municipalities can develop their own zoning and building regulations. Tiny homes may need more inspections than conventional homes and should be built on permanent foundations. And a minimum size needs to be established.
Homes being built with IBCs (international building containers), especially stacking three on top of each other, is another alternative to traditional homes or condos that cities are seeing. One municipal administrator in the audience said that if a recycled IBC had been used previously to ship hazardous materials, it is not safe for human habitation and can make people sick.
Officials in the break-out session seemed to agree that high-density housing is a more prevalent than these alternative home types.
A majority of civil claims municipalities deal with involve denial of conditional-use permits and rezoning requests, said Johnnie Miller, chief executive officer for the Utah Counties Indemnity Pool, who led the risk management break-out session.
He reviews all Utah-based court cases that involve municipalities. In the last five years, he said, there has been a drop-off in suits because ordinances are better written.
Cities are required to approve conditional-use permits if an applicant qualifies, Miller said. A city’s land-use administrator must be impartial and not be swayed by what he called “public clamor,” but rely instead on information applicants provide in a public meeting on the record.
Miller also explained that the cost of one claim is, on average, about $25,000, so if a city’s insurance only covers a maximum legal payout of $50,000 per year, that only covers two claims. He recommended speaking with an insurance agent to get a better estimate on a city’s coverage needs.
Intentional acts committed by a city administrator are not covered by insurance, Miller warned. | <urn:uuid:9e88d175-4fc0-4de3-bd18-4e837404ce7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sanpetemessenger.com/six-county-aog-predicts-utah-will-see-explosive-growth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.956586 | 1,116 | 1.632813 | 2 |
PAY TO PLAY
Pay to Play days are fun days for the students to dress up or wear different items to school! They are also a way that the PTO raises money for the school to be able to fund many of the enhancements and teacher grants that occur every year. There are 8 Pay to Play days scattered throughout the school year.
The cost to dress up is $1 per student.
The PTO will also be selling items that coincide with the Pay to Play theme (ex. masks on Superhero Day). Those items will be for sale for $1 the morning of the Pay to Play Day.
Purchasing the Pay to Play package in your Back to School packages or in the Spirit Shop allows you to pay once and forget about it the rest of the year (except remembering the dates). When you purchase the Pay to Play package, your child will receive a special Spirit Stick keychain to attach to their backpack to show that they have pre-paid to receive their item on Pay 2 Play day.
Click here to view/print the 2022-2023 Pay to Play dates and themes. | <urn:uuid:7bbaec16-d794-47df-9c5f-4f18dc42f954> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://summerwoodpto.membershiptoolkit.com/story/56993 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.951142 | 226 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Whether it be in regards to school, or just for personal knowledge, most everyone in the world has to do research at one point or another in their lives. Studying and learning new things additionally, is an important part to continuing to grow as a person. However, with this being said, there are simply some forms of research that are more effective than others when it comes to obtaining new information, and to make education more efficient, it is crucial that these forms are known.
One of the most common today, and probably the most easiest is doing research online. The reason why this is so prevalent is for how quick and easy it is. Doing a search on the internet for a topic can bring up millions of result in milliseconds, making everyone with stable internet connection and an electronic device available to tons of information at any given moment.
While it is very easy, it is important to use caution when doing research online, for the sake of credibility. Just as it is simple to get information online, is it similarly as quick to put and post things online. With this being said, depending on the website, sometimes anyone can post anything they want. Just because something is on the internet does not automatically mean that the information is valid or true.
Simply keeping this in mind when doing research is important, as the learning party should be sure to use websites that have some form of credibility, to ensure that the information they are receiving is correct. Generally speaking, sites that end in ".gov" and ".edu" are known to be valid, as well as there are many websites online that allow one to type in a site name, to check to see its validity.
A lesser used, but just as valid form of research is using print, or physical books to do so. This has it's pros and cons, because though the facts in books tend to be more truthful and secure than ones found online, a lot of the items they can be outdated, so in reality they aren't actually true anymore. Secondly, it can be hard to obtain the book needed, as not everyone has a library for their exact topic at their fingertips at any given time. Sometimes the physical public libraries do not have books that cover the topic, or they are not in stock. However, if this is the issue, many books are available online for sale as well.
Finally, another form, and some might say the most informative form of research is simple experience. In a lot of cases, some concepts cannot be completely understood until one goes through them themselves. This is where the concept of wisdom ties in, because people who have lived longer have more knowledge simply from what they have experienced.
Observational research, or witnessing something for oneself, while proven to be an adequate form of obtaining knowledge sometimes is simply not realistic, depending on the topic of research. But, if the situation permits, physically seeing and learning about the matter for oneself is definitely a great way to get familiar with it and remember it better.
Overall, research is something that mostly everyone has to do at some point in their life. However, though everyone does it, the form of which is best fit for them depends on both the subject being researched, and the party doing the studying. When it comes to a school assignment, online research and print may be the best forms, because they offer extensive amounts of information, and in most cases it is readily available. However, online maybe the better form, as it is a lot more recent and updated than most physically printed books.
buy viagra super force generic buy viagra super force online no prescription
In short, these forms of research allow people to learn about things that their life has not permitted them to experience. When it comes to becoming educated on life lessons and guiding principles however, encountering the situation first hand may prove to be the best way to learn and research about it, because somethings simply cannot be taught in books. Similar, these concepts may stick better when one learns them for them self through experience. | <urn:uuid:f8d3b5ca-45b2-4a4f-b977-e9bee8902c5d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.businessmodulehub.com/blog/the-best-methods-of-research/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.973126 | 819 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Contents insurance guide
Use this guide to find out what contents insurance is and what it covers.
In this guide:
What is contents insurance?
Contents insurance covers everything you’d take with you if you moved home. This includes furniture, kitchen appliances, curtains, bedding, clothing, television, computing equipment and jewellery.¹
It does not cover the structure of your home such as the roof, walls and windows. It does not include permanent fixtures and fittings like fitted kitchen units and bathroom suites. You can cover these with buildings insurance.
What does contents insurance cover?
Home and contents insurance protects you against damage caused by:
weather such as storms and lightning
burst or frozen pipes and water damage
fire or explosion (but will not cover damage to the building itself)
subsidence (gradual sinking of the ground under your home)
theft and vandalism
Most insurers also offer add-ons for an extra cost such as:
cover away from your home (also known as personal possessions cover)
legal expenses cover
home emergency assistance
“Accidental damage” is damage that happens suddenly from something unexpected. Such as someone smashing a window with a ball.
Some home contents insurance includes this as standard. But other policies will charge an extra cost for this cover.
Contents insurance covers many risks, but does not cover everything. Events and risks that are not covered are “exclusions”.
Exclusions vary between policies.
You're not usually covered against:
general wear and tear
mechanical or electrical breakdown, such as an oven breaking down
homes left unattended for a long time (often 30 days but some policies go up to 90 days)
any amount over the limits specified in the policy
theft by someone who lives in your home or who you have invited into your home
fixtures and fittings, buildings insurance will cover these
boiler repairs. Home emergency or boiler insurance will cover this
You should compare contents insurance to check what they cover and the price.
Standard contents policies will cover your mobile phone and any other item in the home.
If you want to cover your phone when you’re out, check your policy for “personal possessions” cover.
How does contents insurance work?
When you buy an annual contents insurance policy you’ll pay for it in one lump sum or in monthly instalments. The policy protects your things up to a cost limit against certain risks and events.
If you make a claim, the insurer will either pay you a sum of money to replace a lost or damaged item or replace or fix the item.
How to get contents insurance
You can get a quote from companies such as banks, building societies and insurance firms. As well as price comparison sites.
You can buy contents insurance as a policy on its own. Or buy a policy that includes buildings and contents insurance.
To get the best deal, compare insurance quotes from different companies.
Some companies offer specialised student contents insurance or tenants contents insurance.
Do I need home contents insurance?
You do not have to take out house contents insurance. But it's a good idea as it protects your belongings against fire, theft and other risks.
If you do not have insurance, it can cost a lot to replace items if something happens to destroy or damage them.
If you’re a tenant, your landlord will be responsible for buildings insurance. But it's up to you to buy your own contents insurance.
If you live in a leasehold flat, your freeholder should arrange buildings insurance. You'll need to buy your own contents insurance.
How much is contents insurance?
The average annual cost of contents insurance is around £127, which is about £2.40 per week.²
If you ask for a contents insurance quote the insurer will ask about your home and your belongings. They'll use this information to calculate a cost.
When you apply for a quote, the insurer will ask questions about:
the total value of your belongings
where you live and who lives in your home
your previous claims history
security in your home
Who offers contents insurance?
There are different places you can look to get contents cover. Insurers are all different so it’s worth doing research to see who offers the cover that suits you and your needs.
Some insurers are:
How much contents insurance do I need?
To get a contents insurance quote you’ll need to know what your belongings are worth. To do this, go from room to room in your home and write down how much each item is worth.
If you’re not sure how much it would cost to replace an item, look for its value online.
Do not forget things like clothes and bedding. Some insurers will ask you to list separate items worth more than £1,000. The total value of your contents is the “sum insured”.
It’s important not to under-insure your possessions as this will affect any claim your make.
Most insurers have a single item limit. This is the most they will pay for any individual item regardless of its value.³
For example, your insurer might have a single item limit of £1,500. So if someone steals a necklace worth £2,500 from your home, your insurer will only pay out £1,500 if you make a claim.
More about contents insurance
Home insurance is often buildings or contents insurance, or a policy that covers both.
Contents insurance only covers your belongings, not the structure of your home.
You do not have to get contents insurance if you’re a tenant, but it’s worth having.
Any insurance your landlord has will only cover the building, not your possessions.
Landlord contents insurance covers the cost of repair or replacement. This can be of the furniture and appliances that a landlord provides in a property.
It could be beds, sofas, tables, curtains, carpets and freestanding white goods. White goods are items like fridges or washing machines.
The excess on an insurance policy is how much you have to pay towards any claim. Often cheap contents insurance will have a higher excess.
Get a mortgage with Trussle today
Voted the UK's best mortgage broker
Our customers save an average of £339 a month on their mortgage
100% fee free advice
5-star Trustpilot rating from over 5,000 reviews
12,000 mortgage deals from 90 lenders
Skip the paperwork: apply online any time
Your home could be repossessed if you don't keep up repayments on your mortgage.
You may have to pay an early repayment charge to your existing lender if you remortgage. | <urn:uuid:f75aac98-3fa1-443b-bd82-dabb04dd0945> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://trussle.com/mortgages/contents-insurance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.937964 | 1,428 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Spectra Logic makes the only tape-storage systems that automatically check the media and the data on tape throughout the storage life of the data.
technologies come and go, storage administrators who wonder whether data stored
in digital tape archives will still be usable and/or easily accessible 20, 30
or 50 years from now don't have to think about that anymore. Digital tape
system provider Spectra Logic is taking away that uncertainty.
Colo.-based company on March 21 said it is offering a new feature called Data
Integrity Verification across its complete line of T-Series tape libraries-from
small and midsize business systems to petabyte-scale enterprise systems.
note: The company is not charging a dime for it.
Logic's BlueScale Data Integrity Verification for tape libraries is an industry
first, CTO Molly Rector told eWEEK, and an important long-term data-reliability
feature that ensures data written to tape is retrievable now and for years to
DIV comes with
BlueScale 11.3, the latest version of the software-management platform that
runs all of Spectra Logic's tape libraries. As a result, it is the only tape storage
system that automatically checks the media and the data on tape throughout the
storage life of the data, Rector said.
makes various sizes of digital tape systems that range from small-business
archiving all the way up to the processing of large data sets for television
stations, video creation studios (including computer-generated animation) and
data integrity verification is increasingly becoming a data center requirement
for highly valued data solutions," Rector said. "Data Integrity
Verification reduces risk, ensures enduring access to archived data and is fast
becoming a data center requirement."
Verification includes three levels of automated validation, Rector said:
Flow of Data Not Slowing Down
Checks newly imported tapes to ensure they are ready to use; for example,
it classifies them as in good health, generationally compatible, or not
Quickly and immediately verifies the backup and archive data was
successfully written to tape with a rapid single pass from the beginning
of the tape to the end of the first track. Along with PostScan, rapid or
gradual media degradation is tracked in the library's flash memory SQL
database and reported to users.
Automatically verifies the physical tape cartridge and the integrity of
all of the data stored upon it. As with PreScan and QuickScan, the
PostScan process is performed by the library and is independent of the backup
application normally used to read and write data to the tape.
The amount of
data stored on tape continues to surge as massive and growing digital-archive
demands compel users to seek practical and economical ways to address
escalating data volumes, senior analyst Mark Peters of Enterprise Strategy
expect worldwide tape archive capacity to grow more than sixfold over the next
five years-from just under 13 exabytes in 2010 to over 81 exabytes by 2015, driven
by both new digital content and extended storage timelines," Peters said.
organizations need smart strategies and tools that deliver extreme storage
efficiencies while meeting stringent data reliability and availability
requirements. Spectra Logic's enterprise capabilities and tape technology
innovations, including Data Integrity Verification, are excellent examples of
Tape Remains a Mainstay in Data Centers
though often described as obsolete by disk and solid-state storage makers, has
been a mainstay of IT storage for two generations and shows little indication
of leaving the enterprise scene anytime soon.
Rector said, "We have customers who are using our digital tape systems for
their Tier 1 storage."
While that may
sound outrageous off the top, one has to consider the use cases connected with
the big systems Spectra Logic makes. While digital tape certainly would
not be a Tier 1-type storage to use for high-transaction/database-type
applications, for a television station or video-creation studio, it would be
front and center.
Verification is available immediately for no charge on all Spectra Logic tape
libraries, including the Spectra T50e and T120, the Spectra T-Series Mid-Range
T200, T380 and T680, and the enterprise class T950 and T-Finity, Rector said. | <urn:uuid:4e432e1b-dd78-4656-81ab-58281da1e64b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Data-Storage/Spectra-Logic-Now-Providing-HighLevel-Data-Integrity-for-Tape-Storage-657774 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00343-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901268 | 909 | 1.578125 | 2 |
The Build Back Better behemoth of a spending package has reignited the debate about more government spending on health care. Some of the things that are in the BBB “social-spending plan”:
A proposal to allow Medicare to negotiate drug prices for certain higher-cost drugs that lack competition
Subsidies through the Affordable Care Act to make coverage more affordable through 2025 and the expansion of Medicaid coverage for those living in states that opted against expansion
Developing new state Medicaid requirements to guarantee coverage for more vulnerable patients, including 12 months of continuous Medicaid and CHIP eligibility to postpartum women
Transparency measures for pharmacy benefit managers
Chris Holt from American Action Forum adds more details:
The BBBA expands who is eligible for Affordable Care Act premium tax credits (PTCs) and makes those PTCs more generous for everyone. According to the American Action Forum’s (AAF) Center for Health and Economy, these policies would increase the number of insured individuals by 2.2 million in 2022, increasing to 3.9 million in 2025 relative to current law, and would cost $272 billion over those four years. The coverage gains would, however, evaporate in 2026 without further congressional action. In a series of last-minute negotiations, Democrats added a number of policies aimed at reducing prescription drug spending to the BBBA legislation. Significantly, the BBBA would allow the Secretary of Health and Human Services to directly negotiate what Medicare pays for drugs for the first time. The details of the proposal make it abundantly clear, however, that this negotiation will amount to little more than government price-fixing.The BBBA includes long-sought reforms to the Medicare prescription drug benefit—originally put forward by AAF in 2018—aimed at realigning insurer and drugmaker incentives to hold down Part D costs, and capping Part D beneficiaries’ out-of-pocket spending on drugs.
The cost figures that Holt mentions are on the low end, for a number of reasons that I will return to in a separate article. Before we analyze just how costly these measures will be, there is an overarching issue that deserves our attention first: should, or should not, government be a provider of health care in the first place?
This is an ideological question, and as such it seems to suffer from an ill-deserved pariah status in the current public discourse. Yet behind every debate over new government spending lurks a grain of generic opposition to that growth in the burden being placed on taxpayers’ shoulders. It is about time that we bring that debate out in the open and outline the ideological positions on the role of government.
If we start from the right, so to speak, the first ideological position is the libertarian one. Perhaps better known as “classical liberalism”, this ideology traces its roots back to John Locke and the thoughts on the tension between the state and the individual that emerged from the Renaissance and the Enlightenment eras. More recent thinkers – J S Mill and Robert Nozick to mention only two – have added a significant body of thought, inspiring especially the American strain of classical liberalism.
At the heart of libertarian political theory is the postulate that the individual is absolutely inviolable. This inviolability includes the individual’s property – morally defined as extensions of his labor – which leads to the conclusion that there are no moral reasons why anyone can take any property by force. This includes government.
By absolutely excluding taxes, libertarian political theory a priori nullifies any attempt at creating a government-run health care system. But there is also another side to the libertarian argument, namely the restrictions that a government-run system places on the choices that the individual can make. When government provides health care, it also decides when health care is provided, what care patients can receive, and – an often forgotten flip-side of that coin – what care patients can not receive.
This power over a person’s needs is as much a violation of his individual freedom as the power to tax him. Therefore, libertarian political theory absolutely rejects the notion of government-run health care.
Next up is the conservative ideological argument. Resting on different scholarly grounds, conservatism nevertheless shares the libertarian affinity for individual and economic freedom. While there is a wide range of conservative thought to take into account, their common denominator is one that places the individual in a social and cultural context. Where classical liberals (in telegraphic short-form) see the individual as an absolutely independent entity, conservatives emphasize that there is a context without which an individual will not be fostered into a virtuous, responsible citizen.
In common parlance, the conservative strain that places the most emphasis on the context is that which often places a “social” prefix on the ideology. In policy practice, social conservatism has a heritage to draw on that stretches back to the Elizabethan poor laws, but its more recent iterations were shown in the British Beveridge Report on how to build a conservative welfare state, and the expansion of government entitlement programs under President Franklin Roosevelt.
Neither example included a socialized health care system, for one good reason: entitlements are designed as last-resort solutions to financial hardship, not a means to economic redistribution. For the exact meaning of the difference, see my book Democracy or Socialism (Palgrave McMillan 2021). This last-resort approach is motivated by the idea that the individual belongs in a context where it is the state’s responsibility to provide for a virtuous social and cultural society. That role squarely excludes a government-run health-care system, as such a system would monopolize an entire industry, thereby annihilating the ability of the individual to exercise responsible citizenship over his own health care needs.
Furthermore, when government monopolizes health care, it does so based on a specific idea of how health-care resources ought to be distributed. There is no point in having government monopolize health care and then just let health care be provided according to the same pattern as would have been the case, had government not monopolized the industry. In short: socialized health care serves the purpose of economic redistribution, which is the core purpose of socialism.
Which brings us to the third ideology. A socialist logically argues for a government monopoly on health care because he believes that medical services ought to be provided according to different criteria than those under which the free market operates. The socialist has a general desire to focus government resources on the provision for needs, not wants, a focus that originates in its Marxist economic theory and can be traced back to the labor theory of value. (Again, see my book per link above.) This theory explicates a diametrically opposite view of the distribution of goods and services than does free-market capitalism: all resources in society must be focused on providing the very same basic goods and services to everyone, regardless of their individual characteristics – or efforts to add value to the economy.
This superficially appealing principle means, in reality, that government not only should, but must seize control over and responsibility for the provision of every citizen’s needs. From a central plan, necessitated by Marxist economic theory, emerges the production and distribution of the same basic goods and services for everyone; in terms of health care, government takes absolute control over every aspect of it. A patient in need of dental surgery cannot choose when, where or by whom the procedure should be provided; a patient whose hip is damaged to the point of needing replacement, cannot choose what prosthetic hip to get, nor the surgeon, nor the hospital.
In deciding how to provide health-care resources, government also has to prioritize how to allocate its scarce resources. It applies criteria that quantify the outcomes of, e.g., elective surgery, weighing who will get each procedure based on if the patient will be productive enough after recovery. Under a more prosaic socialist health-care system, such as the ones currently in use in many European countries, the “productive” criteria zero in on expected tax revenue from the person’s remaining years in the workforce. Under a more rigid system, such as those that were in operation in Eastern Europe under the Soviet Empire, the patient’s productivity is directly related to the labor value he will add after returning to work.
Either way, the government’s decision on how to allocate health-care resources will always be independent of the patient’s preferences. A patient may claim that he will benefit a great deal from a specific elective-surgery procedure; if government does not value his regained health as much as he does, and if government decides that another patient will generate more value, the other patient is given the procedure instead.
Where government controls health care, it controls all the criteria based on which health care is provided. The patient is excluded from the decision process.
This is, for sure, a very short account of the ideological approaches to the question about government and health care. However, it is not meant to provide an exhaustive analysis of exactly how government can participate – if at all – in the funding, production and allocation of medical services. It is means, rather, to point to the need for a principled conversation about what role government really should play on our society.
Tomorrow we will dig into health-care statistics and see whether or not it is the case that socialized systems really are better than the kind of hybrid model we have in America. | <urn:uuid:6fd948ef-6b7c-464b-89ea-64ea7b0d73e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://libertybullhorn.blog/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.952419 | 1,928 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Pavilion was founded in 1983 by graduates from the Department of Fine Art at the University of Leeds. It opened in a disused park pavilion on Woodhouse Moor in Leeds, as the UK’s first Women’s Photography Centre. Over ten years, it ran a programme of events, exhibitions and educational activity that sought to enable new democratic structures, art practices and radical social change. While no longer a women’s centre, Pavilion’s programme continues to be inspired by the organisation’s founding aims.
Documentation on the first decade of Pavilion’s activity is held by Feminist Archive North at the University of Leeds.
The following articles discuss Pavilion’s early years:
— Elizabeth Chaplin, “Visual and Verbal Critique: Feminism and Postmodernism” in Sociology and Visual Representation (1994).
— Shirley Moreno, “The Light Writing on the Wall: The Leeds Pavilion Project”, in Photographic Practices: Towards a Different Image, ed. Stevie Bezencenet and Philip Corrigan (1986)
— Gill Park, “The Pavilion Women’s Photography Centre 1983-1993: Deciphering an ‘incomplete’ [feminist] project” [PhD thesis] (2019)
To the Editor of Amateur Photographer
In 2014 Pavilion produced a 70 minute film with artists Luke Fowler and Mark Fell which interrogates Pavilion’s history as a feminist photography centre and the organisations fragmented archive. Further details →
Poster for The Image in Trouble exhibition at Pavilion, 1984
Pavilion’s darkroom, c.1984 | <urn:uuid:f048698f-8f1a-4d5e-9115-dc43e8f6f682> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pavilion.org.uk/history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.869405 | 346 | 2.265625 | 2 |
The National Radio Institute 832 was probably the first commercially available computer kit. It was sold as part of a correspondence computer course.
We don't know much about this machine, but Jason Anderson, the proud owner of the pictured machine sent us a letter from Lou Frenzel, the designer of the NRI-832:
I did design the 832 back in 1970-71 time period.
It was part of a home study course on computers offered by National Radio Institute, a school owned by publisher McGraw Hill. It was delivered as a series of kits, 5 if I remember correctly.
The memory was a diode switch matrix with 16 bytes programmable with slide switches. It also had an additional 16 bytes of TTL SRAM which was very expensive at the time. It was made with TTL digital logic which was very expensive, but I couldn't bring myself to use any of the older but cheaper RTL or DTL chips.
All processing was done serially with a total of 8 instructions. Amazingly, you could program almost anything if you could get it into the limited memory. This turned out to be a very popular course and kit surprising all of us at the time. We packaged the kits ourselves.
NRI went out of business in 1999 but McGraw Hill is still around, but I imagine
all that 832 stuff is long gone.
I had been hauling around a fully wired 832 for years and even offered it to the Boston Computer Museum as an example of early computer kits but it was rejected. I eventually threw it away after it suffered damage during hurricane Andrew in Florida in 1994. I think I still have one of the memory boards and a set of manuals somewhere in my storage unit. Haven't seen them for years.
We need more info about this computer ! If you designed, used, or have more info about this system,
please send us pictures or anything you might find useful.
I finished the correspondence course and put together the 832 long time ago. It worked O.K. when the clock was set on less than ONE Hertz speed! However, when the clock was set at the second available speed of about of 300 kHz the computer didn''t operate properly. Later, I got into ham radio and left the computer to slowly rust in the basement. 73, VE3HVY .
Wednesday 12th November 2014
Re the manual link below: the comment receipt system seems to have turned spaces in the URL into dollar-20 instead of what''s needed (just space, or percent-20).
Friday 8th June 2012
If people still want the manual, there seems to be one here: | <urn:uuid:9e7564ac-ed21-471e-8593-8a000c8c2a82> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=884 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00546-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978203 | 546 | 2.171875 | 2 |
In Paris in the Dark Eric Smoodin takes readers on a journey through the streets, cinemas, and theaters of Paris to sketch a comprehensive picture of French film culture during the 1930s and 1940s. Drawing on a wealth of journalistic sources, Smoodin recounts the ways films moved through the city, the favored stars, and what it was like to go to the movies in a city with hundreds of cinemas. In a single week in the early 1930s, moviegoers might see Hollywood features like King Kong and Frankenstein, the new Marlene Dietrich and Maurice Chevalier movies, and any number of films from Italy, Germany, and Russia. Or they could frequent the city's ciné-clubs, which were hosts to the cinéphile subcultures of Paris. At other times, a night at the movies might result in an evening of fascist violence, even before the German Occupation of Paris, while after the war the city's cinemas formed the space for reconsolidating French film culture. In mapping the cinematic geography of Paris, Smoodin expands understandings of local film exhibition and the relationships of movies to urban space.
This open book is licensed under a Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC). You can download Paris in the Dark ebook for free in PDF format (17.0 MB).
Table of Contents
The Cinemas and the Films 1931-1933
The Ciné-Clubs 1930-1944
Chevalier and Dietrich 1929-1935
Violence at the Cinema 1930-1944
Occupied Paris 1939-1944
Liberation Cinema, Postwar Cinema 1944-1949
A Final Stroll 1948-1954, 1980-2016 | <urn:uuid:ca0e3d98-7634-4343-8e24-4afc8d05d498> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dbooks.org/paris-in-the-dark-1478007532/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.886401 | 378 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Frankie’s field of dreams is dedicated in Holbrook
Little League President John Barkas fought tears as he read a speech prepared by Frankie Flint for the dedication of a ballfield named for Flint on Saturday.
“I am just so proud and thankful for all you have done,” Flint said to the community, through Barkas. “It really shows that you all care.”
Flint could not read the speech himself because he has cerebral palsy and communicates through a letter board. But Flint’s limitations did not stop him from raising $50,000 in less than a year for the new field at Kennedy Elementary School.
So while clouds hovered overhead, the mood was sunny as Frankie Flint Little League Field was dedicated on Saturday.
“I can’t think of anyone better than Frankie to name this field after,” Bill Forte, a contractor who assisted with the effort, said to the 300 people who attended the dedication.
“To name a field after a guy who has never been able to throw a ball is really a great thing,” said Flint.
Flint, 37, who has lived in Holbrook all his life, was born with cerebral palsy, leaving him unable to communicate without the use of a letter board.
The board, attached to his motorized wheelchair, has letters and phrases for him to communicate.
Flint, who also was battling cancer, rode around town collecting donations for the new field. In less than a year, he has raised $50,000.
The field features a scoreboard, flagpole, fencing, stadium lighting and dugouts.
“I can’t wait to get out there,” said Little Leaguer Patrick Anastasio, 10. “This field is so awesome.”
While the new field is considered on school property, it will be run independently through advertising banners facing away from classrooms. There are also eight new parking spaces for the nearby school.
Flint now is looking for donations to have the entire parking lot re-paved.
A year ago, Flint approached the Holbrook Little League Association with hopes of restoring the decrepit old field and was warmly welcomed, according to Barkas, who hosted the dedication event.
Forte said that he has never seen a community come together so fast to help the dreams of one man come true.
“This is how stuff was done in the old days,” said Forte. “Back then people would get together as a community to make things happen, and that is what you are looking at today.”
In his speech, Flint also thanked his father, Francis Flint Sr., who died in 2007.
“I’m sure my dad is thinking, ‘Oh Frankie, what have you done now?’” Flint said. “He was my hero and inspiration.” | <urn:uuid:fedca121-c53a-4c4d-9455-77bc195c5c12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.patriotledger.com/story/news/2008/05/05/frankie-s-field-dreams-is/40111778007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.980393 | 608 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Editor’s Note: This is the second in an ongoing series of columns in which the author addresses this subject.
To my surprise, many people who have been bullied or harassed on Twitter are unfamiliar with the tools Twitter provides to deal with this problem, which offer at least some minimal protection. These tools are explained in Twitter’s “Terms of Service” agreement. While this material may be less than scintillating reading, it does make clear that Twitter finds that bullying and abusive behavior are unacceptable. Using these tools is an essential first step in dealing with abusive behavior on Twitter.
Bullying and abusive behavior often arise from family, neighborhood, educational, and employment relationships and disputes, which then spill over onto social media such as Twitter. In those situations, a victim of abuse typically knows the bully’s or abuser’s identity. Those situations are not my main concern, although what I have learned may be useful in such situations.
By limiting my examination to cyberbullying arising because of the use of Twitter, I am not suggesting that Twitter has become a haven for bullies and abusive users. In fact, that is not the situation. Rather, I believe it may be helpful to know how to prevent a few cowardly and bullying browbeaters and ranters from ruining an otherwise pleasant and delightful online neighborhood.
Twitter Is a Friendly Place
As Time magazine discovered, it is not clear exactly how many people actually use Twitter. It appears that there are somewhere between 200 million to 350 million Twitter accounts, although not all are active. Recent polling indicates that some 8 percent of Americans actively use Twitter. (By comparison, 51 percent use Facebook.) Extrapolating from this data, there are probably between 20 to 25 million Americans who are active on Twitter. (When Twitter goes public, as it inevitably will, we will get more accurate numbers.)
Whatever the number, there are a lot of people on Twitter, and they represent a strikingly diverse cross-section of the American population, which is one of Twitter’s attractions. Based on my experience, Twitter users are overwhelmingly thoughtful and pleasant, and they treat others on Twitter as they no doubt themselves wish to be treated, respectfully and courteously. With political topics, which are my principal interest, of course there are endless cheap shots tossed at politicians, political parties, and radical proposals by both the left and right, but that is as it has always been and is simply part of political debate and discussion.
The troubling behavior that should concern everyone on Twitter is not, of course, such political debate or discussion. Rather, it is the repeated or outsized ad hominem attacks that are made against other Twitter users. I am not talking about a passing reference that is made during an argument or discussion, but rather calculated efforts to hurt, embarrass, falsely discredit or defame a person because of his or her beliefs or tweets. It may be an effort to intimidate and silence the target, or it may be simple revenge for something the target said, or even jealousy toward those who are popular or prominent on Twitter.
Bullies, I’ve noticed, tend especially to go after people on Twitter who have tried to support others whom they have seen being bullied, by calling out the bullying. Whatever the reason, there is no justification to bully or abuse anyone for anything that is said on Twitter, not even if the intention is to dish out more of the same to a bully or abuser. If people want to fight, they must go to another venue, where they can have at it. Twitter prohibits bullying! And if one wants to use the service, one should play by the rules.
Twitter Expressly Prohibits Bullying
Twitter’s “Terms of Service” (TOS) agreement warns that exchanges can become unpleasant, or worse, because Twitter wants to stay out of these problems. Accordingly, the TOS states: “You understand that by using [Twitter], you may be exposed to Content that might be offensive, harmful, inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate, or in some cases, postings that have been mislabeled or are otherwise deceptive.” Twitter is not saying, however, that you agree to being bullied. To the contrary, Twitter expressly forbids bullying and related conduct that is often employed by bullies. Also, Twitter offers suggestions on how to deal with bullying.
To be specific, “The Twitter Rules” prohibit others from impersonating you; publishing your “private and confidential information, such as credit card numbers, street address or Social Security/National Identity numbers” without express approval; or posting “direct, specific threats of violence against” you—all tactics that have been employed by bullies and abusive users to harass, annoy and damage targets.
The rules also state that “Twitter strives to protect its users from . . . abuse. Technical abuse and user abuse is not tolerated . . . and will result in permanent suspension.” The meaning of “technical abuse” is spelled out, while the meaning of “user abuse” is rather vague, but could arguably be said to fall within the standards that are set forth in sections of the TOS material addressing “Safety: Abusive Users” (explained below) and labeled “Following Rules and Best Practices,” where the Twitter powers that be state clearly that they do not want the site to become “a less-nice place to hang out.”
When discussing “Safety: Abusive Users,” Twitter rhetorically asks: “What can you do?” Their response is in bold letters: “Don’t be a bully.” More specifically, the material explains, “You may encounter people on Twitter who you don’t like or who say things that you disagree with or find offensive. Please remain courteous, even if the other people are not. Retaliation can reinforce bad behavior and only encourages bullies. Don’t forward or reTweet bullying or mean messages. Remember that the things you say can be very hurtful to other people, even if you think it’s a joke. Don’t turn into a bully yourself.”
Twitter also instructs users on how to deal with bullies or people whom you would rather not have bothering you, or following your activities, providing advice and recommendations.
Twitter’s Recommendations for Dealing With Bullies: Block & Ignore
“If you are receiving unwanted communications from a bully,” or for that matter anyone who contacts you via Twitter and with whom you do not wish to associate, Twitter recommends “that you block the user and end any communication. Ending communication with bullies [and others] shows them that you are not willing to engage with them, and often they lose interest. It also demonstrates to others that you are not involved in similar behavior and that you are acting against bullying.”
Twitter explains that blocking prevents a person “from following you or replying to you, and can minimize any incentives [for the bully] to persist in their conduct,” and Twitter provides a help page on blocking which instructs users as to how to block other users. Twitter acknowledges “that bullying is a serious issue” and claims that this is the reason that it has “provided all users with the ability to block other users.” There is, however, a problem with Twitter’s solution to bullying: It does not stop the anonymous or pseudonymous bully from continuing attacks against his or her target via Twitter.
While you can, for example, block @iamabully (to use a fictional Twitter name) from following you, as Twitter notes in its FAQ, that will not prevent this person from creating a new account with which to follow and harass you. Nor does blocking a user such as @iamabully from sending you messages by having someone whom you do not block retweet a mention of you, which will then appear in the “Mentions” section of your Twitter account. Indeed, I understand that these are standard ploys and tactics by Twitter bullies and abusers who seek to continue to harass their target(s), even after they have been blocked.
Protected Twitter Accounts and Reporting Abusers
In addition, there is another tool that is available to shield your account: A protected account. But using such an account greatly restricts your ability to serendipitously encounter or discover other users with similar interests on Twitter. And that is a significant sacrifice, as Twitter followers tend to follow others with like interests and beliefs. A protected account, however, restricts followers to only those you approve.
To create a protected account on Twitter, you must alter the setting for your account, where you are given the option of choosing a “Public” or a “Protected” account. If you check “Protected,” then anyone who wishes to follow you will have to request your consent to do so; your tweets can only be viewed by your approved followers, who cannot retweet you; and your protected tweets will not appear in a Twitter search. You have, in effect, created a private and closed network of followers.
But even in this protected (and restricting) status, the clever bully can continue to harass, for even with a protected account you will still receive “Mentions” when @YourTwitterName is included by others. It takes very little effort by the bully to enlist others to pass on such material, for sadly, there are Twitter users who encourage bullying. Such users may even support bullies by retweeting and encouraging them, even when they don’t directly bully themselves. (These facilitators may not understand that should their bully engage in criminal conduct, they too could become criminally liable, as coconspirators. Or, if the bully is named in a civil lawsuit, they could be named as well.)
Twitter makes clear in the TOS agreement that to use its platform and services, you must accept all their terms, and those terms make clear that Twitter itself does not want to get involved in disputes between account users. Nonetheless, Twitter does provide a means to report abusive behavior by submitting a Support ticket, where you can report such misconduct as the posting of your private information, the stealing of your Tweets, the posting of offensive content, the sending to you of abusive messages or the making of violent threats. (They also have advisory material for law enforcement, should you need to call the police to protect yourself.)
Reporting the situation to Twitter may succeed in getting our hypothetical bullying user @iamabully suspended from Twitter, but if @iamabully is hell bent on harassing you, he or she will open another Twitter account, and may return to harass you with new vigor, or do so via Mentions. Frankly, I do not believe that anyone should expect Twitter to resolve his or her problem with a bully. If law enforcement becomes involved, Twitter will be responsive to them. But with potentially millions of disputes between its users, Twitter cannot practicably become involved in most situations of bullying or other abusive behavior.
Twitter account privacy is not, however, ironclad. Twitter users agree, under the TOS, that there are circumstances under which Twitter can release to others what it knows about you, under the following rather vague clause: “Law and Harm: We may preserve or disclose your information if we believe that it is reasonably necessary to comply with a law, regulation or legal request; to protect the safety of any person; to address fraud, security or technical issues; or to protect Twitter’s rights or property.”
(In a subsequent column, I will explain past circumstances where Twitter has indeed provided information under this clause, and I will suggest situations in which Twitter may be willing to provide such information in order to help a user deal with bullies and abusers. In addition, I will explain techniques that I have learned that are used by private investigators to flush out the true identity of Twitter bullies and abusers.)
Suffice it to say, as Twitter sees it, its willingness to assist is necessarily limited. Thus, users may need to look to other alternatives.
If You Are Bullied on Twitter, Keep a Record of the Bullying and of Your Use of Twitter’s Remedies
By and large, those who use Twitter are polite and thoughtful. Many are extremely well-informed, engaging and even entertaining people. Still, I have had my share of trolls show up, but I simply block them, as Twitter suggests, at the first sign of unduly aggressive or nasty behavior. Occasionally, when something attracts my attention, I pause to check those who are following me by looking at their followers, or the tone and nature of their tweeting, and if I do not like what I find, I do not hesitate to block them, even through they have never addressed me. In addition, I follow only people and organizations when (1) they have revealed their true identity; or (2) I know their true identity notwithstanding their use of a pseudonymous nom de Twitter. So far, this has worked well for me.
If you feel you are being bullied on Twitter, please do use Twitter’s recommended remedies. The actions described there will establish the bully’s determination to target you. When you are doing so, most importantly, KEEP DETAILED RECORDS, of both the bully’s activities and your efforts to deal with the problem. In addition, share this situation with one or more close and trusted friends via email, where you explain what you are dealing with and how it may be affecting your life. Save those emails, for you are gathering witnesses and making a record. Sharing this information also provides relief, helping to keep you grounded and able to put the situation in perspective. If you do not have screen-capture software, get it. There are countless shareware products that enable you take a picture of the screen, and record bully attacks, which you should date, label and file. Also you can keep copies of the URL of the abusive post; these pages might be removed, but once you have a screen capture, you have a record. These records can be vital to build a case against a bully or abuser, and are very easy to assemble.
Because Twitter’s recommendations and remedies are woefully incomplete for dealing with someone who is hell-bent on being a bully or a persistently and insistently overly aggressive pest, you will likely have to go outside Twitter to resolve the problem. Increasing numbers of attorneys and private investigators are dealing with cyberbullying, and learning how to effectively deal with this anti-social behavior.
Needless to say, circumstances dictate the way cyberbullying can or should be addressed: Whether it calls for an attorney, a private investigator, a criminal complaint, and/or a civil action (and what kind of action), depends on the nature and egregiousness of the behavior and on other circumstances.
I’ve learned much from my inquiry, which is continuing. Bullying, and the question how to deal with a bully, raise interesting First Amendment and other legal issues. My inquiry and reporting will be ongoing (if not protracted). I have been very disappointed with the publicly-available information on this topic, so I plan to intermittently report more on what I have learned, as I also continue to do my normal political and legal potpourri of columns on other subjects. But I do plan to explore cyberbullying on Twitter fully, and that will take time.
Again, if you have information that you would like to share on this topic, please do. As far as I am concerned, it is off the record, and merely for my edification: firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:58c701a8-c87e-4ac3-b019-7b5b0137b1d3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://verdict.justia.com/2012/01/04/cyberbullying-on-twitter-part-two | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00218-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961204 | 3,245 | 2.25 | 2 |
School shootings happen. As a teacher’s wife, they terrify me. I live in fear that my husband will throw himself in front of a bullet to save a student. But unlike a policeman, a firefighter, or a soldier, he never signed up to die. Dying wasn’t on his mind when my gentle husband signed a contract to teach Beowulf and The Crucible to high school students. He worried, instead, about grading time, about student hunger, about standardized testing. But when his district sent him back to teach face-to-face during the resurgence of the coronavirus epidemic, they told him to contract COVID-19 for his students.
There isn’t another way to phrase that. I can’t sugar-coat it. I can’t make it nicer, or smooth it over, or equivocate. His district has ordered him to risk death for his students, and because we live in a right to work state, he has no choice. The teachers have no bargaining power, no union, no recourse. The district says, “Jump.” They might fuss, but in the end, they reply, “How high?”
The day before they returned, some of his colleagues cried. Their rooms had no windows. COVID-19 safety requires proper ventilation. These teachers were being forced to enter a patently unsafe situation without proper protection.
My Husband Is In A High-Risk Category To Die From COVID-19
My husband has both asthma and a recurring immune condition. If he were to contract COVID-19 he would, with certainty, land on a ventilator. When our son was three months old, he battled pertussis, and he’s had persistent asthma attacks ever since. These come with weak lungs: colds drop into bronchitis, which become pneumonia. When the school district throws him into COVID-19’s path, it asks him (again) to die for his students.
He had been teaching virtually, and while it wasn’t his choice or something he enjoyed, he managed. His students managed. But now, he’s been asked to risk his life so a few of them can “enjoy” the chance of face-to-face instruction, which translates to possible COVID-19 exposure. They have to wear masks. They have to sterilize their areas.
Doesn’t matter. COVID-19, says the CDC, has been proven to spread through aerosolized droplets at a distance greater than six feet after the infected person has left the area in instances where susceptible people were exposed in enclosed spaces and “inadequate ventilation or air-handling” allowed a build-up of particles. In other words: a susceptible person like an asthmatic teacher with an immune disorder. In other words: an enclosed space with inadequate ventilation like a classroom. They are asking my husband to contract COVID-19 so a few kids can return to face-to-face learning… while he still teaches the others virtually at the same time.
My Husband Tries Hard Not To Contract COVID-19
My husband has taken serious precautions against the near-certainty that he will contract COVID-19. He wears an N-95 daily, which he’s been forbidden to do by his district, who says they should be reserved for medical personnel. No one hands him papers; he’s constructed a sterilizer through which he passes everything people have to hand him: papers, etc. He keeps the few windows in his room blasting with fans blowing clean air into the room, rain or shine, no matter what the weather. He isn’t going take the virus lying down.
He teaches behind plexiglass. His students are not allowed within six feet of him, but he has to pass out papers. He has to supervise lunch, held outside, during which he yells (behind a mask) for 15-year-olds to practice social distance. Obviously, they are not wearing masks while they eat. It will only take one exposure for him to contract COVID-19.
One of his colleagues persistently refuses to wear a mask without students present. Convince me she wears a mask anywhere else. Convince me she masks up at the grocery store or the gas station. She works on his hall. She approaches him. He backs up. Other colleagues have approached him. He backs up. He has informed them they have to stay six feet away from him and maintain social-distance protocols.
He Takes Extra Precautions
All work is done virtually. He doesn’t bring papers home. When he comes home, he strips in the laundry room, throws all of his clothes immediately into the washer, walks naked across the house, and immediately showers. I am not allowed to use his car, which he calls “a minor hot zone.”
It only takes one student with one case and one cough for him to contract COVID-19 and spread it to our family.
The Consequences If My Husband Were To Contract COVID-19
We have children. We have no one to help us care for them. If he were to contract COVID-19, he is on his own as I take care of the kids and isolate him. If any of us contract COVID-19 from him (likely), we have to only pray the case isn’t bad enough to send us to the hospital while we manage childcare through it. The thought chokes me, sends me bolt-upright at three in the morning in terror.
What the hell would we do?
I’m also in a high-risk category.
I feel like our family is living on borrowed time. Since March, we’ve lived in social isolation to prevent this very scenario. Now we’re thrown into the middle of it because we can’t afford for my husband to give up his career. My husband assures me he’s taken every precaution. He assures me that between his masks and the care he’s taken, that he’s safe. He says he won’t contract COVID-19.
One kid. One cough.
He never asked to die for your kids. He never signed on to teach face-to-face during the worst pandemic America’s ever seen— while numbers are currently spiking. And yet you’ve sent him to do it anyway. I only have three words for the people responsible for the stress our family’s lived under, our terror, our contingency planning. Three words for those who’ve given us our sleepless nights and tears and worry. Three words for the image of my intubated husband struggling for air, of the disease he could pass to my babies who could also end up struggling to breathe.
Three words, you bastards: Go to hell.
This article was originally published on | <urn:uuid:f1ea3e80-1130-4025-ad32-2c0cb4424e72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scarymommy.com/youve-asked-my-husband-contract-covid-19-his-students | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.980557 | 1,459 | 1.71875 | 2 |
The Minister said that Kashmir having multicultural civilization has been the home of world famous religions of Hinduism, Budism and Jainism. He said that these religions have produced renowned personalities, intellectuals, scholars and historians which have contributed a lot for shaping the civilizations of various parts of world. He said that Buddhism spread to other areas like Ladakh, Tibet and China from Kashmir as it has been one of the ancestral places of this religion.
Jora said that history can’t be ignored as everybody from Mughals to Britishers has contributed towards enriching the cultural ethos of the State.
On the occasion, various research scholars read out their papers on the theme.
M .salem Beigh chairman INTAC Kashmir chapter talked about the influences on Buddhism on the contemporary life of Kashmir and said that most of the Buddhist architecture remind us of our past .
The registrar of the University, Prof. S. Fayyaz, while speaking on the occasion stressed the need to go back to the past to seek guidance and wisdom in matters related to on spiritual nourishment. He also assured the house that the university was working tirelessly towards the progress of horizons of knowledge in such important areas. "Department of Sanskrit, Institute of Kashmir Studies, and the Centre for Central Asian studies are already doing much work on Buddhism and they need to work in Co-ordination in this arca he said.
In her address, the Head of Department Sanskrit, Prof. Satyabama Razdan thanked the ISBS for collaborating with the University to hold the historic conference in the University of Kashmir. It has fetched us good results , she said on the occasion .
Prof R Krishna Rao, chairman India council for philosophical research, Ministry of HRD also appealed VC KU for opening the department of philosophy at KU.
Vice Chancellor, University of Kashmir, Prof. Riyaz Punjabi, Chairman Indian Council for Philosophical research, New Delhi, Prof. R. Krishna Rao, Member Secretary, Indian Council for Philosophical Research, Prof. Goda Vari Mishra, Convener, Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage was also present on the occasion. | <urn:uuid:040e7afe-3ab5-4273-b1d7-2a7b0581df39> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=42,8596,0,0,1,0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00387-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951448 | 438 | 2.3125 | 2 |
P R McIntosh
(1897 - 1985)
P. R. McIntosh was active/lived in Illinois, Florida, Indiana. P McIntosh is known for landscape, genre and mural painting.
Biography P. R. McIntosh
The following was written and submitted December 2003 by Jean McIntosh Hebb, the daughter of P.R. McIntosh.
P. R. McIntosh grew up on a farm in southern Indiana where at the age of twelve he began to draw and sculpt. From around 1910 until his death in 1985, his life revolved aound painting. A retrospective exhibit of his work in 1984 inspired this fitting headline in the local newspaper, "P.R. McIntosh Exhibit Covers 60 Years of Art History."
He received his B.S. degree from Bradley University and his B.F.A. and M.F.A. degrees from the Art Institute of Chicago. He studied with Robert Henri. He taught art at Ohio State University (1923-26), was director of the Peoria Art Institute (1926-32), and Director of the Ar
... Displaying 750 of 3952 characters.
also viewed by people who viewed P. R. McIntosh | <urn:uuid:be5ff98e-beca-45a2-87af-be3698457ea6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.askart.com/artist/P_R_McIntosh/24245/P_R_McIntosh.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00168-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976322 | 251 | 1.640625 | 2 |
What is Strength Training: Everything You Need to Know
Strength training. For some people, this very topic is just plain scary. “But—but, I don’t want to get bulky, I want to get thin!” is a common call amongst people looking to shed a few pounds. We want to take the opportunity to shine some light on the subject and get into the weeds on what is strength training. Let’s do that now!
What is Strength Training?
According to Merriam Webster, the very definition of strength training is “activities that make muscles stronger”; and, as we have said before, making your muscles stronger is almost always a good thing. Something that may surprise you is that strength training doesn’t always include 100+ pounds and a barbell—you can strength train with your bodyweight, use circuit training, and, of course, grab those heavy weights as well. The best way to strength train is to find the routine that makes you jump out of bed in the morning, or out of your desk chair at lunch, or off of your couch in the evening—you get the point—and head to the gym! Because it is so important to maintain those muscles as you age. And, if you exist on this earth, you are indeed aging.
Different Types of Strength Training
Bodyweight Strength Training
Bodyweight training is excellent because we all have the tools to do it—our bodies and everyone has the space to get it done—anywhere. You can actually do a bodyweight workout in that little space between the foot of your bed and the wall. If accessibility is what you are looking for when completing your strength training routine, look no further! Find somewhere to do pushups, squats, burpees, lunges, crunches, and feel your strength soar! We even put together a bodyweight arm exercise for you to try.
Circuit training is a fantastic way to strength train. It allows you to work almost every single part of your body in one workout. Here’s how a circuit works: dream up five to ten strength exercises and do them one after the other for an allotted amount of time. Forty-five seconds to one minute might be perfect. Make sure that your workouts rotate between different sections of your body. In other words, if you work your legs in the first exercise of your circuit, you would then switch to arms for the second, allowing your legs to rest. This is a great way to strength train because you can train one part of your body while the rest of your body enjoys a much-needed break. After your complete one full circuit, take a break, and then try to finish two more times. You can enjoy circuit training exercises in our Express Circuit, with weights, with machines, or with your bodyweight.
Free Weight Training
Free weight training includes using any weighted object that isn’t attached to an apparatus. Within that list are dumbbells, barbells, kettlebells, weighted medicine balls, and the like. This is a fun and functional way to build strength. Since the weight is not attached to a machine, you will have free range of motion. You can get creative with your workout and build muscle strength where you feel that you need it most. But, be mindful of form when using free weights. The freedom also lends itself to bad form. If you are new to lifting weights, we recommend starting in our circuit area, on the weight machines on the floor, in a Team Training session, or a Group Exercise class where a coach or instructor will be there to guide you. Once you are more comfortable, you can start to add free weights into your individual workouts.
Strength Training with Machines
Exercise machines are an excellent way for beginners to strength train because they help you to keep proper form. Most machines also have illustrations showing you exactly what muscle groups you are working. If you aren’t quite sure what the lat-pull-down targets, take a look at the little photo that shows the back and arms of an illustrated figure and highlights the working area, then, on your next round, try to find a machine that is in a similar area of the body, but works slightly different muscles.
How Often Should I Strength Train?
Consistency is key to strength training. We recommend putting time aside for strength training two or three times a week. Start small and allow your muscles to build over time. All training is a process, and it is not something you should want to rush. Make a plan, find a workout you love and work at it every single week. Pretty soon you will be sending us advice on the best way to get your strength training in!
We have strength training equipment at all of our locations. Stop into a Chuze Fitness near you and get started on building up that muscle! | <urn:uuid:0b8ac33a-f500-4c8c-9f63-071ede1b016e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chuzefitness.com/blog/what-is-strength-training/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.953708 | 1,003 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Related categories 1
Austin Co TX GenWeb Project
Genealogy information and links for the county.
Austin County Appraisal District
Property assessment and tax valuation for Austin County.
Austin County Sheriff's Department
Public information, divisions, employment information, crime stoppers, and history.
Austin County, Texas
County government sites.Includes information on all the towns and cities in the county, historical information, and Historical Commission activities.
Butterflies of Austin County, Texas
Information about and pictures of all the known species of butterflies in the county.
Capitol Impact: Austin County
Educational, political, and economic data.
Handbook of Texas Online : Austin County
Current and historical information about Austin County.
The Political Graveyard: Austin County, Tex.
County information and links.
Last update:June 30, 2014 at 23:43:15 UTC | <urn:uuid:fec0bddf-a375-48c0-a4df-8ba8e2beffca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/North_America/United_States/Texas/Counties/Austin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00499-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.770729 | 182 | 1.5625 | 2 |
TLR3 (Toll Like Receptor 3) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TLR3 include Encephalopathy, Acute, Infection-Induced 2 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. Among its related pathways are Activated TLR4 signalling and Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include identical protein binding and transmembrane signaling receptor activity.
|Stability:||32 passages (in-house test, that not means the cell line will be instable beyond the passages we tested.)|
|Freeze Medium:||90% FBS+10% DMSO|
MEM+10% Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS)+ 1% Non Essential Amino Acids (NEAA) + 1mM Sodium Pyruvate (NaP) +1ug/ml puromycin+100ug/ml hygromycin
|Application(s):||Functional(Report Gene) Assay|
|III. Description of Host Cell Line|
|IV. Representative Data|
Figure 1. Detect Luciferase assay by Promega Bright-Glo Luciferase Assay System. TLR3/NF-kB Reporter-HEK293 cells were stimulated by Poly(I:C), the S/B was 57-fold. | <urn:uuid:a412d303-fbc6-40eb-8870-544524722eae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.cobioer.com/product/6196.html?productCateId=10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.7355 | 467 | 2.046875 | 2 |
"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted," thus reads the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. The term "cruel and unusual" first appeared in the English Bill of Rights of 1689. The American draftsman who adopted the English phrasing for the Eighth Amendment were primarily concerned with proscribing tortures and other barbarous methods of punishment. For example, the medieval punishment of cutting off the hands of thieves seems to qualify as cruel and unusual punishment. While the practice of capital punishment has long been a part of our civilization, in the 1970's it came under close scrutiny by the Supreme Court of the United States and it has somewhat remained an issue ever since.
The landmark decision in 1976 in the case of Gregg v. Georgia the United States Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty does not violate the Eighth Amendment, provided that there are safeguards against any arbitrary or capricious imposition by juries.
The majority opinion reads, "the requirement of the Eighth Amendment must be applied with an awareness of the limited role played by the courts...while we have an obligation to ensure that constitutional bounds are not over-reached, we may not act as judges as we might as legislators...therefore, in assessing a punishment selected by a democratically elected legislature against the constitutional measure, we presume its validity."
While I appreciate that the Justices know their place in our system of government, I cannot help but rejoice in the freedom that I, along with the rest of humanity, possess, that we may decide whether or not capital punishment is a just form of punishment without being hamstrung by the formalities that are evident in our government. Furthermore, I intend to show that given... | <urn:uuid:433f707d-aa04-4431-a93e-24078c579068> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.writework.com/essay/capital-punishment-69 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00303-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96774 | 354 | 3.359375 | 3 |
What is LUV Global Connections?
Level Up Village Global Connections connect students from around the world for a unique global collaboration with an emphasis on world languages, cultures, arts, and sciences. Guided by our carefully curated content, students become digital citizens by exchanging videos and collaborating with their global peers to explore key cultural products, practices, and perspectives through our safe and secure online platform.
Level Up Village Offers
How It Works
Sra. Smith and Mr. Perez join the LUV community of global educators.
Ms. Smith’s class in Boston is matched with Sr Perez’s class in La Paz.
Both classes create an online profile and get to know their global peers.
Students investigate Arts & Sciences or Languages & Cultures topics and interact through a series of asynchronous videos and responses.
Students learn about the topics, make cultural comparisons, and reflect upon the connection they made to their global partners.
How are Global Connections Courses Structured?
Students securely exchange introductory videos in order to get to know their global peers, learn about other cultures, and build empathy.
During the next video exchanges, students investigate a cultural, scientific, or arts-based topic, and then share knowledge and perspectives with their global peers.
Students view their peers’ videos, make real-world cultural connections, and continue the conversation through video or text.
Students are guided to think critically and express their perspectives on the global exchange through class discussion and a short written reflection. | <urn:uuid:16fecb26-5f0c-4c0f-96af-735b3af7a15a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://levelupvillage.com/how-it-works/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.898794 | 320 | 2.0625 | 2 |
First studies in time-lapse phonography
For the past year I have been developing time-lapse sound studies, as a means of hearing long-term acoustic changes in recordings. I was looking to hear and/or discover patterns which are imperceptible at our regular listening attention spans.
Here is Pink Floyd’s concept album Dark Side of the Moon in 10 seconds
Dark Side of the Moon in 10 Seconds
As you can hear, the time-lapsing process turns the album into a collaged sound masse. The album loses the distinguishing details of beat by beat change; emphasized is an overarching dynamic contours of the works, with sprinkles of timbre jumping towards you. Listening in this manner it becomes audible that for the first ⅔ of Dark Side Of the Moon the form of the music is based on gradual crescendos and decrescendos, while the last ⅓ is characterized by a more “pulsating” dynamic contour. What causes this is the shortening of the times on songs as we near the end of the album.
I was excited to hear what might be gained by taking such a seminal concept album and time lapsing it but unfortunately I do not believe much is gained from this listening experience, it is much more fun listening to the entire album. However it demonstrates the time-lapse technique very clear, which is why I have used it for the first demonstration.
Philip Glass’s Einstein on the Beach was another work I was excited to hear time-lapsed. At nearly 2 hours and 45 minutes the work is quite long and repetitive, the two qualities that critics use to express their disagreements with Glass’s minimalist approach.
Here is the work compressed to 30 seconds:
Einstein on the Beach in 30 seconds (about 330 times faster than the album time)
We can hear the movements repetitive rhythmic activity, static development, and abrupt transitions into the next movement. The association with repetitive rhythmic activity is something the minimalist and pop songs have in common, so I compressed Einstein on the Beach to the length of your standard pop song.
Einstein on the Beach in 3 minutes
There are also forms which we forget exist because of a diverted attention. When we attend a concert we focus on the way that each piece of music follows into the next. What we do not hear is the time between the works, we do not include that in our perception of the concert.
Soprano and Organ Recital in 1 minute (Recorded May 2010, San Pantalon, Venice)
So far, I have only presented works with conceived forms. What of “formless” events that we know the process occurring, but not the sound and contours of that event?
Like a piano tuning.
Such an event has a distinct and predictable form, but enough variability that there may be some unexpected results as well.
Piano Tuning In 1 minute (Recorded April 2015, Fenway Center, Boston)
These examples all are under 3 hours. The longest operas– Wagner’s– are around 4.5 hrs. These are lengths of time that fall within the window of our ability to perceive “an event”. To time-lapse them, while yielding interesting sonic results, does not reveal much in the way of a new perspective. My interest is to make perceptible the imperceptible, to make a cycle not just conceptually understood but felt. Just as we understand that the Sun moves across the sky during the day- but do not instantaneously observe; Soundscapes have infra-perceptually acoustic cycle, which we may conceptually understand but due to the limits of perception can not “hear” as a single listening experience.
How we perceive sound has been covered extensively within the contexts of “musical sound”. Bregman’s Auditory Stream Analysis and Fred Lehrdal’s A Generative Theory of Tonal Music are two exemplary texts which explain the mechanics of how the brain decides to parse or combine sounds and how this leads to our perception of acoustic imagery. A quick summary would be: sounds are understood based on their proximity in time, pitch, and timbre space to other sounds events. A chord slowed down can become a melody, or conversely, a rapidly performed melody resembles a chord.
So a phonographic time-lapse would be like converting a melody into a chord- but on a much larger scale. What about taking days and turning them into seconds?
Days in Seconds
92 Hours In…(2015) is my first study in longitudinal field recording (multi-day field recordings). A work made from thousands of “sonic frames”. For 92 hours, I recorded 3 seconds of audio from a microphone positioned outside my window, capturing the sounds of my Boston neighborhood, Jamaica Plain. What is made audible is the change of day, the rise of morning, and even the distinguishing sonic features of different days of the week.
92 Hours in 1 Minute
92 Hours in 30 Seconds
92 Hours in 7 Seconds
92 hours in 1 second
Alternative versions of these studies done in a “jittery” are available for listening on the soundcloud playlist:
The jittery takes have less of a crossfade between each sonic frame.
The second study I did,Five Days in…(2015) , was recorded from July 13 to July 18 on the fire escape of my childhood apartment in Tribeca.
Five Days in 30 Seconds
Contrary to the suburban sounds of 92 Hours…, Five Days in… has the strong presence of traffic and construction during the day, and constant droning of summer time air-conditioners. These acoustic factors make the day/night cycle very noticeable, and the extra day and a half allows you to feel the rhythm of the city a little better than 92 Hours….
What is strikingly apparent is (as R. Murray Schafer would put it) the low/high fidelity differences between the two environments. Unquestionably, the environment of 92 hours has higher fidelity in terms of the range of amplitudes and distance of sound able to be heard. While 5 Days, recorded in lower Manhattan has much less fidelity.
Image of waveform + spectrogram of Five Days in 5 minutes
Longitudinal Field Recording borrows from the world of science, where researchers conduct longitudinal studies to document how a subject changes. In terms of field recording I am interested in documenting how a soundscape changes over long time periods (days to weeks). Sonic events such as the rise and fall of traffic, frequency of bird calls, murmuring procession of crickets through the night, the lapping of waves over several tides, the drifting pitch center of wind blowing through grass, can not be perceived in a single listening session.
The challenges of realizing these examples has been difficult, yet I still do not have anything I consider a true “work”, everything so far is just a study, trying to understand the the aesthetics and constraints of this method. | <urn:uuid:3d91dcd7-24f7-4f31-b6da-0dcc503466c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ianbheadley.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00384-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948864 | 1,458 | 2.125 | 2 |
TNRTB Archive - Retained for reference information
A team of European and American conservation biologists has developed the most powerful and comprehensive field evidence to date for a major tenet of RTB’s speciation model. RTB’s model posits that large-body-sized species manifest a high probability for rapid extinction and a very low probability for speciation and, thus, are not candidates for natural evolution. The biologists’ study of 4,000 land mammal species spanning a body mass range from 2 grams to 4,000 kilograms showed that the slope of extinction risk against six established predictors of extinction becomes steeper with increasing body mass. In particular, a sharp increase in extinction risk occurs at a body mass of three kilograms. Above this size body mass “extinction risk begins to be compounded by the cumulative effects of multiple threatening factors,” the authors note. The team’s study establishes that land mammals with large body sizes possess extinction rates that are orders of magnitude larger than the most optimistic speciation rates. Consequently, mammals with large body sizes cannot be the product of natural process evolution.
o Marcel Cardillo et al., “Multiple Causes of High Extinction Risk in Large Mammal Species,” Science 309 (2005): 1239-41.
· Related Resource
o Hugh Ross, “The Faint Sun Paradox” | <urn:uuid:1d401abf-d1cf-4530-8029-455a12c31c3c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.reasons.org/articles/evidence-favoring-rtb%E2%80%99s-speciation-model | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00088-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.885255 | 280 | 3.4375 | 3 |
MCX-7 file extension - Mastercam X7 3D model
What is mcx-7 file? How to open mcx-7 files?
File type specification:
The mcx-7 file extension is associated with the Mastercam, a CAD and CAM application for Microsoft Windows operating system, developed by CNC Software.
The mcx-7 file contains 3D model from Mastercam X7.
The default software associated to mcx-7 file type:
Company or developer:
CNC Software, Inc.
Mastercam is CAM designing and analyzing software developed for machinists and engineers. It can be also used to control computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine tools.
List of software applications associated to the .mcx-7 file extension
Recommended software programs are sorted by OS platform (Windows, Mac OS X etc.) and possible program actions
that can be done with the file: like open mcx-7 file, edit mcx-7 file, convert mcx-7 file, view mcx-7 file, play mcx-7 file etc. (if exist software for corresponding action in File-Extensions.org's database).
Click on the tab below to simply browse between the application actions, to quickly get a list of recommended software, which is able to perform the specified software action, such as opening, editing or converting of the mcx-7 files.
- Open mcx-7 file
- Save mcx-7 file
- Edit mcx-7 file
- Create mcx-7 file | <urn:uuid:65c6f1e8-d9d6-40c1-b42f-b4b9347ddbbb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.file-extensions.org/mcx-7-file-extension | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.859906 | 324 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Schools,” a publication produced by NERIC to provide guidance
around the process of Instructional Technology Planning and the Smart
Schools Bond Act.
Transforming Schools is an interactive publication that focuses on the
“new classroom” and offers guidance on how you can help move your
districts toward a “School 3.0” approach to teaching and learning.
Following are instructions for navigating the pdf publication:
- In order to access the interactive features, it must be viewed
through Adobe Reader.
- A “full screen” notice will appear when you open the PDF for the
first time. Click the box next to “remember my choice for this
document” and hit “yes” to view it in full screen mode and to take
full advantage of the interactivity of this publication. The document
will automatically open in full screen mode each time you view it if
you have clicked “remember my choice…” Hit “esc” to leave full screen
- Use the directional arrows in the lower right and left corners to
page forward or back. Clicking anywhere on the page itself will move
the document to the next page.
- Throughout the publication, find directions for using interactive
features to access more information and in-depth “deep dives” into
View the document in Word format | <urn:uuid:0130aa40-81f5-487a-8f4b-a43397be5926> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://neric.org/Smart_Schools/SmartSchools_pdf_instructions.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00176-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.876753 | 288 | 2.6875 | 3 |
February 13, 2022
Sunday, February 13, 2022
Sixth Sunday in Ordinary Time
Gospel Lk 6:17, 20-26
Choose three of the following questions:
What was the message of this week’s Gospel Reading?
What was the message of the homily about this Gospel?
How does this pertain to my life and how can I live this message?
What stood out to you?
What did you learn?
What is something new that you heard?
Jesus came down with the Twelve
and stood on a stretch of level ground
with a great crowd of his disciples
and a large number of the people
from all Judea and Jerusalem
and the coastal region of Tyre and Sidon.
And raising his eyes toward his disciples he said:
“Blessed are you who are poor,
for the kingdom of God is yours.
Blessed are you who are now hungry,
for you will be satisfied.
Blessed are you who are now weeping,
for you will laugh.
Blessed are you when people hate you,
and when they exclude and insult you,
and denounce your name as evil
on account of the Son of Man.
Rejoice and leap for joy on that day!
Behold, your reward will be great in heaven.
For their ancestors treated the prophets in the same way.
But woe to you who are rich,
for you have received your consolation.
Woe to you who are filled now,
for you will be hungry.
Woe to you who laugh now,
for you will grieve and weep.
Woe to you when all speak well of you,
for their ancestors treated the false prophets in this way.” | <urn:uuid:b44bce02-3e31-4591-b973-e455eb19ff72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.standrewcec.com/2022/02/10/february-13-2022-gospel-message-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.962899 | 376 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Render > Orthophoto
You can choose from one of three resolution types:
- Choose Viewport to capture an orthophoto of the current viewport resolution.
- Choosing Max. dimension lets you specify the resolution of the longer side of the orthophoto.
- Select Pixel size if you want to specify the size of pixels in meters. The resolution of the orthophoto will be determined from the pixel size.
Orthophoto generation has a resolution limit of 26 thousand pixels in width and height. Depending on the region to be captured and the chosen pixel size, this limit might be exceeded. In this case, you will be prompted with the following message in the Console window: Cannot exceed max. dimension of 26000. Increasing pixel size to …
You can choose whether to capture the content of the entire viewport or only a portion of it.
- Choose Viewport to capture the entire viewport.
- Selecting User-selected region lets you specify a rectangular region of the viewport after clicking the Export button.
TIP: Use the cross-section tool to discard portions of the point cloud irrelevant to the orthophoto.
- VRAM per tile [GB]: This parameter controls the number of points rendered in each tile. Increase the value to render more points.
- X-ray point size: Increase this value if a high-resolution orthophoto appears too dark or sparse.
- Curve thickness: Increase this value to improve the visibility of curves in orthophotos.
- Background color and Transparent background let you customize the orthophoto background.
- Write TFW (World) file: Forces the generation of a World file to store the pixel size.
TIP: The orthophotos generated in NUBIGON are not georeferenced but to scale. When importing an orthophoto into CAD software, make sure to scale it using the TFW file. See the related article below for importing orthophotos into AutoCAD. | <urn:uuid:c5283e70-5b85-4de9-ae90-1305674086e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://help.nubigon.com/knowledge-base/orthophoto/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.731779 | 421 | 2.03125 | 2 |
A hook essay has a sentence or a paragraph as the introduction half, which grabs the eye of the reader. Equally, when your professor is reading your essay, they judge it primarily based on the introduction. If the introduction fails to impress them, they’re much What Is A Good Hook For An Essay less likely to maintain reading it additional. Even if they do decide to offer it a fast learn, they would not discover it too fascinating.
These hooks make an assertion meant to interact readers so they’ll want to proceed reading to find out what you need to say. Whether a reader’s first thought is to agree with the hook or to question What Is A Good Hook For An Essay the content of the hook, the individual will want to study extra. It is as much as you to write an essay that effectively supports your assertions.
Anecdote makes an awesome hook and the extra tightly it’s related with your subject, the better. For a scientific subject, occasions that led to discovery typically make an fascinating hook. A personal How To Write A Hook For An Essay anecdote is an effective way to start a persuasive, narrative, or reflective essay because it helps to establish belief by displaying your vulnerability (your stakes in the story) to your audience.
It’s possible you’ll surprise how this applies to your academic assignments. Of course, if you happen to had an assignment to jot down a paper, your instructor will have to learn the whole thing no matter whether he desires to or not. Nonetheless, the 20-second rule additionally applies right attention grabber ideas for essays here. On this case, a hook of an essay also performs a decisive position – this is the first thing your teacher will see and, as a rule, this may assist him or her define the grade you’re going to get. Your intro will assist make your paper worthy and memorable. That is why you must make it as catchy as doable.
The Latest On Fundamental Factors For How To Write A Hook For An Essay
When lecturers ask you to write an essay, they don’t need to ban your creativity. An essay shouldn’t be boring or too formal but make readers need Essay Hook Examples to check its every phrase. And your job is grabbing and retaining their attention throughout your writing.
Let’s say you’re writing about telephones. Asking as question like are smartphones unhealthy?” sound quite vague. Everyone is already conversant in the small print and subsequently such a query will do very little to capture the attention Good Hooks For Essays of a reader. Trying deeper into your essay matter, you would possibly find some numbers which can be quite amusing or shocking. They will function excellent hooks for economics- and business-oriented writings. Additionally, it’s better if they are less identified.
Thoughts On Convenient Methods In Hooks For Essays
Rudimentary Criteria For Hooks For Essays – Updated
A universal essay hook is a narrative. You should utilize this trick pretty much wherever. The primary problem is to be as genuine as doable, try Essay Hook Examples to inform something recent and interesting. The extra specific and narrow the story, the more chances for a profitable introduction.
Rhetorical questions make up good hooks. A typical false impression is one thing that many individuals settle for to be true however is definitely false. So once What Is A Hook In An Essay you write a hook that contains a misapprehension, you not only startle your audience but also intrigue them at the identical time. | <urn:uuid:a70d16dd-7e89-4bcc-b09f-6c4cbce31c9f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://linc.gr/uncovering-real-world-essay-hook-programs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.93454 | 746 | 2.359375 | 2 |
April 2, 2013
- Professionalizing FOIA administration through creation of a new civil service personnel category for officials who specialize in FOIA and other government information programs, and
- Expanding use of technology to achieve greater efficiencies in FOIA administration, including utilization of technology to assist in searching for and processing records, as well as to ensure that information posted by agencies online is searchable and readily usable by the public.
“[t]he Administration is proud that this commitment has been met, but also recognizes that the task of professionalizing FOIA is not over. The U.S. Government will continue to work to ensure that human resources professionals across the government understand this new job series and give this job series the proper elevation that it deserves.”As to expanded use of technology, the assessment declares that “[t]echnology has the potential to transform FOIA administration,” and describes the “significant steps” taken by agencies to increase their use of technology in the administration of FOIA. The assessment notes that over “one hundred offices across the U.S. Government are now employing web portals that allow the public to electronically submit a FOIA request.” The assessment recognizes that “[o]ne of the most common difficulties in processing FOIA requests is the large amount of time spent by FOIA personnel searching for, de-duplicating, and conducting initial responsiveness reviews on records.” To meet that challenge the assessment describes that several agencies “have replaced time-intensive manual processes with software applications that automatically” do many of these tasks. The assessment also highlights OIP’s recently completed pilot program on leveraging digital tools in the processing of FOIA requests, as well as OIP’s FOIA Technology Working Group, which serves as a forum for agencies to exchange ideas on uses of technology, a forum that is particularly important given that, as the assessment recognizes, “FOIA tools are not one-size-fits-all.” The Justice Department’s government-wide FOIA resource, FOIA.gov, had a number of enhancements incorporated into the site since its launch during Sunshine Week 2011, which were noted in the assessment. The addition of quarterly FOIA metrics (as well as the web based tool used to collect these statistics) and the site’s “Find” feature are just two of the enhancements made to the flagship initiative of the Justice Department’s Open Government Plan (version 1.0) (PDF). Noting that progress continues to be made in the use of technology both to improve FOIA administration and to enhance the availability of government information online, the assessment describes some of the upcoming efforts by OIP in this area. For example, the assessment highlights OIP’s issuance of further guidance on the use of metadata when posting records to “allow for the creation of a virtual government-wide FOIA Library” and OIP’s development of “an online training course about the FOIA to be available to all federal employees in keeping with the Attorney General’s mandate that FOIA is everyone’s responsibility.” The assessment acknowledges that the processing of FOIA requests is a “fundamentally labor intensive task, and working to improve timeliness is especially difficult at a time when initial requests have been steadily increasing and budgets have been decreasing.” By focusing on technology and “providing agencies and FOIA professionals with new tools and expanding access to training online,” the assessment concludes that “the Administration is working hard to fulfill its commitment to improve transparency through further use of technology.” These are just a few of the important initiatives contained within the assessment and the National Action Plan itself. As noted by the Justice Department after the United States entry into the Open Government Partnership:
“An open and good government is much more than releasing information. It is about harnessing the skill and talents of the American people, establishing greater collaboration among Federal agencies, and ensuring that the taxpayer’s money is wisely spent.”The Department is fully committed to the principles that the President announced on his first day in office. Today and in the days ahead, both OIP and the Justice Department will continue their efforts to improve the administration of the FOIA across the government. While there is still work to be done, the Department and the Administration remain “committed to continuing this work.” For more information on the Department’s Open Government efforts, please visit the Open Government Page. For the latest developments in FOIA, continue to follow FOIA Post, and for the latest news from the Justice Department, please visit The Justice Blog.
Related blog posts
April 2, 2013
Since the signing of both his FOIA and Transparency and Open Government memoranda on his first full day in office, President Obama has committed to “creating an unprecedented level of openness in government.” Attorney General Eric Holder, in his FOIA Guidelines issued in March 2009, built on these directives, instructing agencies on how to apply the presumption of openness called for by the President and emphasizing the need for agencies to release records proactively and promptly and to...
Updated September 15, 2014
December 18, 2014
Updated December 18, 2014
March 5, 2013
Over the last few years the Office of Information Policy (OIP) held a series of meetings with agency FOIA and technology professionals to examine different ways to leverage technology tools in order to improve FOIA administration across the government. On Thursday March 14th, during Sunshine Week 2013, our office will convene a meeting of the FOIA IT Working Group to continue the conversation into how to harness the power of technology to find efficiencies in the processing of FOIA requests...
Updated August 6, 2014
March 20, 2015
Updated March 23, 2015
Updated August 6, 2014 | <urn:uuid:dddc6494-bfe0-4e9f-ab0b-223a618db387> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.justice.gov/oip/blog/assessing-national-action-plan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00291-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957658 | 1,179 | 1.65625 | 2 |
PHOENIX – Activists opposed to Arizona’s marriage amendment say battles will continue over issues related to same-sex couples, including inheritance rights, medical decision-making and burial rights.
Voters last week passed a constitutional ban on same-sex marriages. Arizona was one of three states to approve a constitutional amendment defining marriage as between one man and one woman on Nov. 4.
“There are many more rights that we need to fight for and address instead of just the right to marry,” said Barbara McCullough-Jones, executive director of Equality Arizona, a group that defends the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people.
Others are also vowing to fight on.
“This amendment, cruel as it was, was not the final word,” said Evan Wolfson, executive director of the Freedom to Marry coalition, which promotes marriage rights for people of the same gender.
Wolfson said views on same-sex marriage, like other issues, evolve over time, and that civil rights advance in a patchwork fashion, with some states ahead of the pack and others trailing. Laws, and even constitutions, can change as society changes its views, he said.
Same-sex couples can obtain many rights through powers of attorney, but that involves costly legal fees, something married couples don’t have to bear, McCullough-Jones said.
“We’re taking a step back, taking a deep breath and letting the anger of Prop. 102 pass,” McCullough-Jones said.
Those who pushed for the constitutional amendment said last week’s success at the ballot box doesn’t signal the end of their call for family-friendly policies.
“I think Prop. 102 shows Arizona can unite around a timeless family value,” said Cathi Herrod, president of the Center for Arizona Policy, which successfully forced lawmakers to put the measure on the ballot.
In 2006, voters rejected a similar measure that also included a prohibition on government benefits for domestic partners.
This year’s ballot question dealt only with same-sex marriage, which Herrod said she believes helped Prop. 102 pass.
“The main difference was the 20 simple words,” she said, referring to the ballot language.
“We weren’t trying to fool anyone.”
Herrod said the coalition that backed Prop. 102, drawing heavily from churches statewide, will not fade away.
“I think it has built a strong and effective voice on policy issues,” she said.
Herrod would not comment on which issues the coalition might support in the future and whether it would include pushing a ban on government-provided domestic-partnership benefits. | <urn:uuid:ff9aceb8-f1f5-431f-a039-e07c9ba4b013> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2008/11/12/102283-backers-of-gay-marriage-rights-vow-to-fight/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00139-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96403 | 569 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Examples of acids include vinegar, citrus fruits, tomato juice, black coffee, bananas, milk, sulfuric acid, battery acid and hydrochloric acid, which is a digestive compound found in the stomach. Acids are ionic compounds made up of positively and negatively charged ions that separate in water to form hydrogen ions.Continue Reading
The concentration of hydrogen ions in an acidic solution determines its strength. The more hydrogen ions present, the stronger the acid. Acids have some similar characteristics and behaviors. They typically taste sour, and strong acids are highly reactive with metals.
The strength of an acid, or its level of acidity, is measured by using the pH scale. This is a method used to determine the concentration of hydrogen atoms relative to pure water. The scale ranges from 0 to 14, and each number represents a ten-fold change in hydrogen ion concentration. Pure water has a pH of 7, meaning it is neither acidic or basic. Any substance that has a pH below 7 is considered an acid. A basic substance is one that absorbs hydrogen ions instead of losing them like acids. When a base is dissolved in water, it is called an alkaline solution. Any substance with a pH measurement above 7 is considered a base.Learn more about Chemistry | <urn:uuid:aac48fb0-8baf-47e6-a2b5-f2585d488852> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.reference.com/science/examples-acids-7432abf29431c018 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00486-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942216 | 253 | 4.21875 | 4 |
A new poll shows six in 10 Americans don't want the U.S. to allow Muslim refugees from Syria into the country but are more inviting to Christian refugees.
An Economist Group/YouGov poll released Tuesday shows a wide ideological split on the question of whether Syrian Muslim refugees should be allowed into the country, with 83 percent of those who identify as conservative opposed and 70 percent of liberals saying they favor allowing them entry.
But 61 percent of moderates also oppose allowing Muslim refugees from Syria into the country.
The Nov. 13 terror attacks in Paris raised calls to halt the resettlement of refugees from Syria on fears that ISIS terrorists could slip into the country, although all of those identified so far as carrying out the attacks are native Europeans.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has recorded 4.3 million refugees fleeing the civil war in Syria and the brutal Islamic State regime that has taken control of large areas of Syria and Iraq.
The House last week passed a bill that would limit Syrian refugees coming into the country with enough Democratic support to withstand a threatened presidential veto.
Republican presidential hopefuls staked out their positions with conservatives, saying the U.S. should block any Syrian refugees from entering the country, and establishment candidates called for a pause until the screening process is improved. Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush and Texas Sen. Ted Cruz advocate allowing Christian refugees into the country, but not Muslims.
The poll found respondents were more accepting of Christian refugees, with 56 percent favoring only Christian refugees resettle in the U.S. and 44 percent opposed. The divide between ideologies wasn't as wide, with 72 percent of liberals in favor of allowing Christians into the country and 52 percent of conservatives opposed. Independents favor admitting only Christians fleeing Syria by a slightly larger margin, 55 percent to 45 percent.
Rep. André Carson, one of two Muslims serving in the 114th Congress, told MSNBC Monday that the anti-immigrant rhetoric is regrettable but not unexpected.
“The facts are clear. People are anxious. There’s a great deal of disillusionment and anxiety as it relates to the global terror threat,” the Indiana Democrat said. “So to have someone who speaks boldly, though erroneously, but speaks boldly is quite attractive to many voters.”
Rather than shutting out people of different faiths, Carson said he and Rep. Keith Ellison, D-Minn., are advising colleagues to draw on the strength of the Muslims already woven into the fabric of their communities.
“As a Muslim I can tell you that Muslims are on the front line in helping to push back a threat that they too see as detrimental to our society,” he asserted. “There are scores of Muslims who are in our intelligence services, even our law enforcement communities, who are helping to keep our country safe.”
Roll Call Race Ratings Map: Ratings for Every House and Senate Race in 2016 Get breaking news alerts and more from Roll Call in your inbox or on your iPhone. | <urn:uuid:7cc89572-73e7-451f-8d35-5e217dad9395> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/poll-syria-muslim-refugees | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00208-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958916 | 612 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Blog writing is an on the internet activity where people publish discrete message entries. These can be casual diary-style access or more formal writing. Blog posts are typically presented backwards chronological order, with the most current ones appearing at the top of the websites. Subsequently, the extra current articles are constantly presented first. Yet is blogging for every person? Allow’s take a more detailed take a look at this prominent kind of on the internet interaction. There are a number of advantages to using blogging for your company.
Blog sites are fantastic for SEO. The higher the number of individuals reviewing your web content, the much better. Higher traffic means extra opportunities to monetize as well as advertise your organization via your blog. There are lots of ways to make your blog site more SEO-friendly. Right here are some of the most helpful tips as well as methods to raise the web traffic on your blog. So, what are some of the most effective techniques to get more web traffic to your blog? The complying with are several of the best tools for ensuring that your blog site obtains observed by search engines.
Having a specific particular niche is very important when starting a blog. Although it is not necessary, it is a wonderful idea for a successful blog. It will assist you concentrate your content and make sure that it is relevant to your target market. Furthermore, blog sites with several niches have problem drawing in devoted visitors, as not every person will certainly be interested in the very same topics as you. If you can’t determine which subject to cover, you ought to try blogging regarding it.
Blog writing is a fantastic way to maintain current with information as well as information, and also it likewise aids to develop brand name commitment. By utilizing blog sites, you can reach a huge target market and make an enduring impact. In addition to blogging for personal use, many organizations have found it to be a reliable advertising and marketing tool. An organization blog typically focuses on industry-related info, and is usually run by a group of authors. In addition to individual blog sites, there are service blogs.
A blog site is an exceptional selection for your organization if you want to earn a living online. While it’s a terrific method to share your thoughts and opinions, it can also assist your business. In addition to being an excellent way to promote your items, blogging can additionally be an effective approach to create earnings. You can generate income by advertising your products through ads, and also you can even use it to advertise various other products. This is the ultimate objective of every blogger!
Organizations can monetize their blogs by selling digital items and affiliate links. Some business also market items to their customers. It’s not difficult to begin a successful blog site. There are lots of benefits to blog writing, however it can also be intimidating for newbies. While there are numerous advantages, it is necessary to recognize your target market as well as comprehend what they’re searching for. The very best means to do this is to customize your blog site web content to them.
While blogging is a superb method to advertise your organization, it’s also essential to think about the benefits of search engine optimization. You can use a blog writing device to automate the procedure and also handle your site’s content. It will certainly likewise allow you to concentrate on your business. You’ll discover that it is just one of one of the most effective means to promote your service or product. If you’re not a company owner, you can create an on-line presence that is profitable.
While many sites do not need routine updates, blogs are an effective means to promote your site. Many company owner use blog sites to boost web traffic, which enhances their income. If you have a blog site, you need to consider all the advantages of blog writing. For instance, if you’re offering coffee, you’ll require to update it more frequently than if you market baked goods. Your clients will observe this, as well as you can raise your sales.
As you can see, blogging has many advantages for organization. It enables you to earn with associate web links. It’s a wonderful method to market your product or services. By providing high-grade web content on your blog, you can get more direct exposure and even more clients. Moreover, it additionally promotes your brand name and can improve your income. As well as since it’s a totally free medium, you’ll be able to make more money. Nonetheless, it can likewise be a great financial investment for your business.
Along with the benefits of blogging, it can assist companies to boost their brands. While blog sites can be a beneficial advertising device, the biggest benefit of blogging for companies is that it enables companies to reach out to possible consumers in a manner that was formerly impossible. However, the downsides of blogging might be more than the advantages. Those with an individual blog can write about anything they want. The business blog site can be made use of to advertise the items of the firm.
While lots of people utilize blog sites for individual reasons, others use them for service purposes. The purpose of a blog site is to share one’s ideas and viewpoints with other individuals. Whether you intend to promote your organization on a blog site or discuss your life in general, it is necessary to keep a blog site. By making your blog site a public source for your service, you’re giving your clients a voice. This is what makes blogging so effective.
Lots of people use blogs to increase recognition of vital concerns. They can likewise assist to improve the lives of their clients by discussing health and safety concerns. If you’re a blogger, your blog site can aid you construct your professional brand name. There are many various other benefits of blog writing. This material can aid you market your service or solution. If you have a blog, it will make it much easier for you to draw in more consumers. By developing a blog site, you can reach more people as well as raise your sales.
Blogging has ended up being a preferred kind of on-line interaction. Many people utilize blogs for individual use, while others utilize it as a marketing platform for their company. Progressively, blog writers have actually ended up being a powerful part of political campaigns. A blog can be made use of for fundraising, and also you can also utilize it for individual functions. As a matter of fact, a blog site can help you build your brand. If you’re a writer, a blog will raise your chances of being seen by possible consumers. Click to find out more
Blog sites can likewise be used for organization purposes. They can be utilized by companies and not-for-profit organizations for promoting their products and also interacting with consumers. They can also be used by political candidates, since blogs are an excellent means to build an online visibility. Some individuals use blogging for personal usage, but the goal is to develop an expert brand name. If you’re a blogger, you can earn money via your blog site. The even more readers your blog has, the more likely it is to be effective. | <urn:uuid:b35caac6-a8fb-4c57-a636-a90a06245ddc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://foothillathletic.com/2021/12/08/is-blogging-the-most-trending-point-currently/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.960121 | 1,463 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Informations and abstract
Keywords: Sustainable tourism, web accessibility, destination marketing, disability, digital transformation, automated analysis.
This article illustrates that to address the specific needs of accessibility market segments, destination marketing should consider web accessibility for people with disabilities (PwDs). By applying an automated method of analysis through the online software Wave Accessibility Evaluation Tool to 24 selected tourist destinations awarded for accessible and sustainable tourism, this study demonstrated that only one destination exceeded the minimum standard level of Web Content Accessibility set by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Therefore, most tourist destinations are required to put greater efforts into making their website as accessible as their physical places to satisfy the requirements of each market segment, thereby improving the online experience also for tourists with impaired abilities. Contributions to literature and managerial implications are then discussed, followed by avenues for further research. | <urn:uuid:aec981ed-e679-4ac6-baad-23a883cdcbc8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.1431/101625 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.901865 | 174 | 2.328125 | 2 |
It’s Fall ya’ll. The chill has sunk into the air and the apples are ripe. In my house, we find ourselves making plans for my all-time favorite holiday – Thanksgiving. Turkey Day is sacred in my family. We hike on Thanksgiving morning, ice skate on black Friday, and bask in the warmth and coziness that the long weekend provides. I love folding my babies into those traditions every November. However, there’s another side to Thanksgiving that we need to explore more.
Just as I did on Columbus Day, I’m contemplating ways to re-frame and broaden the narrative around Thanksgiving for my kids. My son is 3.5 and my daughter is almost 1.5. Regardless of their young age, I feel a strong responsibility to contextualize dominant cultural paradigms for them.
Thanksgiving is a concept long ingrained in many Native American cultures and people. What we often think of as the first Thanksgiving does not beget cozy feelings for many Native Americans. Instead it’s a reminder and representation of betrayal. For the Puritan settlers, the First Thanksgiving was a gift for which we owe an enormous debt. I want to be clear with my kids – that debt was never repaid. After taking over villages, white settlers gave thanks for their good fortune and for the extermination of Native populations. The systematic slaughter of Native Americans over the course of decades following the Mayflower’s landing is the real legacy of Thanksgiving’s origins.
So the question I want to explore with my children is two fold. First, How can we honor the history of Native cultures through Thanksgiving? And more broadly, how are we challenging privilege and power in society to amplify marginalized voices? It’s not by making construction paper headdresses and buckle hats, I can tell you that for sure. It’s not by painting Native Americans as a monolithic group and distilling their culture into ours.
So in the spirit of opening up these conversations, here are some #ownvoices books for November.
Giving Thanks: A Native American Good Morning Message by Chief Jake Swamp – A wonderful story based on the Thanksgiving address of the Iroquois Nations. This book reminds us to honor and cherish one another, and give thanks for our natural resources.
Good Morning World by Paul Windsor – First Nations artist Paul Windsor takes us through a beautifully illustrated nature story.
Squanto’s Journey by Joseph Bruchac – Told from the viewpoint of a pivotal historical figure, Squanto’s Journey sheds the sugar-coating so often applied to first Thanksgiving stories. This should be required reading for every elementary student. I read it with my three year old by summarizing each page and illustration and discussing how Squanto felt during each phase of his journey.
The Water Walker by Joanne Robinson – A true, modern tale highlighting the importance and relevance of Native American values. This is a great story for the budding environmentalist.
When the Shadbush Blooms by Carla Messinger and Susan Katz- Narrated by a young Lanape girl, this story of the seasons pays homage to traditional Native American culture.
The Jingle Dancer by Cynthia Leitich Smith- A fun story about the Creek tradition of jingle dancing.
Other good stories for Thanksgiving:
- The Thank You Book by Mo Willems – An awesome Gerald and Piggy story about being grateful.
- Duck for Turkey Day by Jaqueline Jules – I love how this story depicts and celebrates the diversity in family traditions.
- Gracias, the Thanksgiving Turkey by Joy Cowley – This story has some Spanish words sprinkled throughout the text. My son loves to learn new words in other languages, so he enjoyed this fun story.
- Brother Eagle, Sister Sky adapted by Susan Jeffers – This recounting of a great historical speech by Chief Seattle is adapted and illustrated by a local woman from Croton who consulted Souix tribal members as part of her creative process. | <urn:uuid:3ab6fc16-1b39-4a88-9d3c-6acbb356e92e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://westchestercounty.momcollective.com/parenting-as-social-justice-telling-the-truth-about-thanksgiving/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.937576 | 818 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Volume 3 covers carbon-to-carbon single bond forming reactions involving sp 3 , sp 2 and sp carbon centers, but only those which do not involve additions to C-X &pgr;-bonds. The volume first compares and contrasts the alkylation reactions of all types of sp 3 carbon nucleophiles and also covers vinyl and alkynyl carbanions. Following on from Volume 2, a separate section covers Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions, which is complemented by discussions of polyene cyclizations and electrophilic transannular cyclizations in synthesis. Coupling reactions leading to &agr;-bond formation, and involving all types of combinations of sp 3 , sp 2 and sp carbon centers are next covered, including those reactions based on pinacol, acyloin and phenol oxidative coupling reactions, and also the Kolbe reaction. Rearrangement reactions, leading to carbon-to-carbon &agr;-bond formation, are often used in a clever manner in synthesis. The volume includes all those rearrangement reactions based on intermediate carbonium ions and carbanions, and also includes the benzil-benzilic acid and the Wolff rearrangements. The volume closes with coverage of carbonylation reactions, and the use of carbene insertion reactions into the C-H bond in synthesis. | <urn:uuid:e205227a-7496-45b8-ada9-77bfa428a0e9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/carbon-carbon-bond-formation-volume/9780080912462-item.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00149-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923887 | 277 | 1.828125 | 2 |
You might want to mark your calendars for October, when students from two local schools will set up el Dia de los Muertos altars in honor of fallen firefighters and police officers.
Check out altars created by students from Sunshine Cottage School for Deaf Children and St. Pius X School at Paloma Blanca Mexican Cuisine during the month of October.
They’ll have a public safety theme.
While the displays will serve to honor local fire and police officers who have died in the line of duty, the schools also stand to earn some money from the effort.
Restaurant patrons will be able to drop money in jars placed in front of each altar and the schools will keep the proceeds.
The student artists whose altar earns the most money will receive a class party courtesy of Paloma Blanca.
The altars are set to go up Oct 4. and remain on display through el Dia de los Muertos, or All Souls Day, Nov. 2. | <urn:uuid:06ab1d24-cbaf-438e-8f0a-7ff78cc3d96e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://blog.mysanantonio.com/education/2008/08/student-altars-honor-the-fallen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00033-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92348 | 203 | 1.648438 | 2 |
In exploring the shared language and poetic sensibilities of all animals, I am working towards rediscovering the common ground that once existed when people saw themselves as part of nature and not outside of it. The destiny of whales cannot be separated from the destiny of man, and the destiny of man cannot be separated from the destiny of all of nature. I am exploring new narratives that help build a bridge across the artificial boundaries we have established between ourselves and other species.
Gregory Colbert’s Ashes and Snow is an ongoing project comprised of photographic artworks, a one-hour film and two short film “haikus,” and a novel in letters all presented in a purpose-built temporary structure called the Nomadic Museum.
Colbert’s images, visceral yet dreamlike, return us to a place we long for but cannot name. His photographs and films reawaken an ancient memory in us of a time when we lived in balance with our animal kin. Since we first painted their silhouettes on the walls of caves 35,000 years ago, animals have inhabited our stories, our dreams, and our imaginations.
Since he began creating his singular work of Ashes and Snow in 1992, Colbert has undertaken filming and photographic expeditions to every continent to collaborate with more than one hundred species around the world. Colbert, who calls animals “nature’s living masterpieces,” photographs and films both wild animals and those that have been habituated to human contact in their native environments. There is no digital collaging. The images record what he saw through the lens of his camera. While Colbert uses both still and movie cameras, the photographic images are not taken from the film.
His original Ashes and Snow photographic artworks marry umber and sepia tones in a distinctive encaustic process on handmade Japanese paper. Each work, approximately seven feet by twelve feet, is mounted without commentary to encourage an emotional rather than an intellectual response to the images.
An elephant does not see his trunk as merely a nose. It is also a trumpet. Colbert believes people tend to see cameras only as a device to take photographs. He sees cameras as musical instruments that can be played by the human eye.
The feature film was edited by two-time Oscar winner Pietro Scalia. It is narrated by Laurence Fishburne (English), Ken Watanabe (Japanese), Enrique Rocha (Spanish), and Jeanne Moreau (French). Musical collaborators include Michael Brook, David Darling, Heiner Goebbels, Lisa Gerrard, Lukas Foss, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, and Djivan Gasparyan.
The title Ashes and Snow refers to the literary component of the exhibition—a fictional account of a man who, over the course of a yearlong journey, composes 365 letters to his wife. The source of the title is revealed in the 365th letter.
Ashes and Snow first opened at the Arsenale in Venice, Italy, in 2002. The Nomadic Museum, the traveling home of Ashes and Snow, debuted in New York in 2005 and then migrated to Los Angeles, Tokyo, and Mexico City, and is charted to travel the globe with no final destination. Ashes and Snow has welcomed more than ten million visitors to date, making it the most attended exhibition by any living artist in history. | <urn:uuid:b52b43ad-ef2e-4b31-b150-628f866fb863> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gregorycolbert.com/ashes-and-snow/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.95353 | 686 | 2.59375 | 3 |
William Beckett makes women seem twice as wily as they might actually be. Obviously, none of them are the same, so lumping them all together into one big knot of wiliness doesn't really make sense, but they do seem to compare notes, don't they? They all know the tricks of the gender - all of those ways to be strategic in their beguiling ways. Much of it turns out to be dirty poker - all a part of a master plan to compromise a sturdy heart or brain - but by the time any of it could be pointed out, they're on to their next victim, or subject.
It's a bit of what Beckett, the former front man for Chicago emo band The Academy Is…, would have you believe about the ladies. He insists, in his songs, that there are ulterior motives to most of the movements and acts that women make. They should be watched with a set of wary eyes. You're actually much better off if you can enlist the help of a friend's set of wary eyes as well. They're sneaky enough that one man's pair isn't even close to good enough. These eyes should be trained on the things that those women do with their hands and with the curls of their lips. Their backrubs and scratches should be considered skeptically. The words should be seen just as much as they should be heard, analyzed the way a detective would because one false move or a guard being down could result in all of a guy's records being stolen right out from beneath him and suddenly he's hearing about how she's been with all of his friends - and not just out for pizza and a Coke.
These are all things that most guys should already know, but when they think a lovely lady is lovely enough, they let everything slide. Beckett sounds like he's let everything slide a few times, knowing that he's susceptible to being played. Women are drummers, to him. They beat and they beat and they've got impeccable rhythm. They bring the "heavy metal thunder," as he sings in the song, "Girl, You Shoulda Been A Drummer." He lets a girl leave in the morning, without saying a thing, walking away from the ravaged mess she made, but he's fine with it. After all, he sings, "A scratch is what you're gonna get when you let a lion inside."
William Beckett Official Site | <urn:uuid:8bb5f12c-0ab5-45dc-a574-04358b31ed58> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.concertvault.com/william-beckett/daytrotter-studio-june-14-2012.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00270-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984224 | 495 | 1.570313 | 2 |
I am an English teacher who teaches at a state university. I also teach classes online.
Do You Have a New Pet?
Getting a new pet is so exciting. There is a lot that you need to do to prepare to bring a new pet into your home—and choosing a great name for your new pet is one of the most fun parts.
Some pets may already have a name that was given to them by the rescue group, humane society, or breeder. However, if you're not crazy about the name or want to personalize it, that's okay. Most pets, even adult pets, will adjust to a new name within a few weeks.
Here are some tips for choosing a name for your dog or cat.
If you are looking to move beyond the usual pet names such as Spot or Tiger, and you truly want to pick something unique, consider looking at the names in mythology.
You can match a personality with a name from Greek, Roman, or Norse mythology. Think about the characteristics of your specific pet, as well as the characteristics of your pet's breed, when you are looking for that perfect name.
Pet Names Inspired by Norse Mythology
|Name||Who They Were||Pet Characteristics to Go With Name|
Pet that is playful or sneaky
God of battle and poetry
A large, muscular pet or one that is beautiful, like a poem
Goddess of poetry and runes and drinking buddy of Odin
A beautiful pet or one that came to you when they were older
Goddess of knowledge
Great for a particularly smart pet
God of sky, thunder and fertility
Great for a large pet or one who is loud
Son of Loki, known for turning into a wolf
Great for large dogs with wolf characteristics
Guardian of the bridge
Great for an animal that loves water or one that is a great protector
Pet Names Inspired by Greek and Roman Mythology
|Greek Name||Roman Name||Who They Were||Pet Characteristics to Go With Name|
Supreme god of all others
Great for a commanding pet or one that is naturally a leader
God of the sea
Use for a pet that loves water
Goddess of the hunt
Great for a hunting dog or a cat that loves to prowl around
Goddess of wisdom
Consider for an exceptionally intelligent pet
God of the underworld
Best for an all black pet or one that is mischevious
God of love (son of goddess of love)
Good for a very affectionate pet
Goddess of hearth and home
Good for a pet that is calm and loves to snuggle on the couch
Shakespeare: Another Great Source for Unique Pet Names
What's in a name?
We owe so much of our language, including many everyday expressions, to William Shakespeare. Many of his characters had unique habits, talents, and problems—and many of those same characters would also make great names for pets.
Here are some names to consider from the world of Shakespeare when you are choosing a name for your pet.
Read More From Pethelpful
Shakespeare Names for Pets
|Name||Characteristics||What kind of pet might fit the name|
Leader of the Greeks, sometimes makes dumb choices
A pet that's a bit clumsy but friendly
A pet that follows others around
Friend of Romeo
Consider for a pet that is great friend, very friendly
Ghost in Macbeth
Great for an all-white pet
A breed that is loyal to its owner.
For a pet that's always making you laugh
Good for a regal pet
Great for a sneaky pet
Great for a pet that thinks he's a king
She is ordered to kill but captured by pirates
Could be used for a pet that appears mean but is actually sweet.
For a very sweet female pet
Great for a funny pet
Defies his father
Good for a stubborn pet
Good for a pet that likes everyone
Consider for a quieter pet
Would be good for a bold pet
Possible for a pet that's grouchy or short tempered
Woman who disguises herself as a man
Good for a female pet that everyone thinks is a boy
Other Sources for Interesting Pet Names
A pet's name should reflect your personality and theirs.
Consider these ideas to help generate a great name for your pet:
- Foreign countries
- Favorite foods
- Favorite books or characters
- Sports and sports figures
- TV shows
While there is nothing wrong with an ordinary name that is used often, if you are trying to avoid the most commonly used pet names then consider staying away from the following:
Common Pet Names
How to Teach a Dog or Cat Its Name
Once you have picked that great new name for your pet, it's time to get them used to it.
- Use the name consistently and clearly.
- Associate their name with praise. When they respond to their name, pet them and give them a treat.
When you do these things, they will begin to associate their name with themselves. Even cats can learn and respond to their names.
Naming a pet can be fun—but it's also an important decision. Remember that you and your pet may have to live with that name for 15 years or more.
Be open to new names and pick something unique. It can be a great conversation starter when someone asks you why you chose a particular name for your pet. Most of all, pick a name that reflects who they are and how they enhance your life and your family.
© 2013 L C David
Maricar M. Jolo from Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on June 11, 2013: | <urn:uuid:69530f22-af37-42f3-84d1-9a67e2bcb3e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pethelpful.com/dogs/How-to-Pick-a-Great-Name-For-Your-Dog-or-Cat | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.923131 | 1,416 | 1.960938 | 2 |
- Product Description
We introduce multiple-view geometry for algebraic curves,with applications in both static and dynamic scenes. More precisely, we show how the epipolar geometry can be recovered from algebraic curves. For that purpose, we introduce a generalization of Kruppa’s equations, which express the epipolar constraint for algebraic curves. Reconstruction from a single image based on symmetry is also considered and we show how this relates to algebraic curves for a simple example. We also investigate the question of three-dimensional reconstruction of an algebraic curve from two or more views. In the case of two views, we show that for a generic situation, there are two solutions for the reconstruction, which allows extracting the right solution, provided the degree of the curve is greater or equal to 3. When more than two views are available,we show that there construction can be done by linear computations, using either the dual curve or the variety of intersecting lines. In both cases, no curve ?tting is necessary in the image space. Finally we focus on dynamic scenes and show when and how the trajectory of a moving point can be recovered from a moving camera.
|Number of Pages||92|
|Country of Manufacture||India|
|Product Brand||LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing|
|Product Packaging Info||Box|
|In The Box||1 Piece|
|Product First Available On ClickOnCare.com||2015-08-14 00:00:00| | <urn:uuid:6d2c3f89-f725-4b5e-ab1d-b4922696dae8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.clickoncare.com/algebraic-curves-in-multiple-view-geometry | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00484-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.832527 | 307 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Text of the June 1962 Cycle World BMW R69S Road TestAsk any motorcyclist what he considers to be the two-wheeled equivalent of the Rolls-Royce and you will almost certainly be told "BMW". That answer will not be too far wrong, either, except that the products coming from the Bayerische Motoren Werke incorporate a good deal more in advanced engineering features than the famous English car. Actually, the BMW motorcycle is more like the Mercedes than a Rolls-Royce: conservative in many respects, but quite advanced nonetheless. In any case, the BMW has attributes that make it unique, and it has acquired a reputation that makes it a "prestige" motorcycle — even among people who ordinarily don't give two wheelers a second glance.
Birth of a Legend
One of the reasons for the BMW's reputation is its appearance, which is overwhelmingly massive in flavor. Even to the "layman's" eye it looks as though nothing in this world would be enough to break it, or even spring it just a trifle. The frame is a two-loop cradle of heavy, round-section tubes that extend from the steering head back almost to the rear axle. It is not triangulated, or gusseted, but somehow, in looking at it, one gets the idea that it isn't ever going to bend. "Unyielding" is a word that describes it very well.
All of the miscellaneous hardware is just like the frame. The fenders, tank, and the headlight fairing are drawn from heavy gauge steel and are fixed in position with a vengeance. Every part is enameled, with a black that looks like polished obsidian, and a white pin-stripe following the fender-bead and the tank contour provides just the right amount of trim. Where chromium plating is used, as on the exhaust system, wheels, air-feed pipes and the spring/shock units, it is deep and we would bet that it's there to stay.
The suspension system is interesting: at the front, a true "Earles fork" is used, which has long leading arms locating the wheel. This system gives a useful amount of anti-dive action, which keeps the bike's nose from dipping when it is braking hard, and which also permits quite long wheel movements — a feature that accounts for part of the BMW's phenomenal riding qualities. Here again, in the front suspension, there is that massive quality and in this instance, it lends a much appreciated stiffness to the fork and, consequently, precision to the steering. We noticed too, that an alternate mounting is provided for the suspension links; the purpose is to allow the fork geometry to be re-set for sidecar work. A final very nice touch was the telescoping hydraulic steering damper. This device looks exactly like a small shock absorber — which it is — and it stops any fluttering of the forks before it can begin. It acts in the same way as the adjustable, friction-disc type steering dampers more commonly used, but it is superior to the friction type in every way.
The rear suspension is reasonably conventional, but with a couple of "different" touches. For example; the trailing links that locate the wheel serve a double function. The right link is also a torque-tube that houses the BMW's drive shaft. The springing is handled by spring/shock units that fit up into a pair of high steel housings that extend upward from the rearmost frame loop. The mounting looks odd, but it does the job and that is all that matters. Adjustments for the load can be made by hauling around on levers that are on the bottoms of the spring/shock units. The rear suspension, like the front, gives an unusually long wheel travel and quite soft — and ultra-comfortable — springing.
The BMW's brakes are unusually large for a touring motorcycle. Of course, these machines are often used in hauling sidecars with a passenger and a mountain of luggage, so the company has shown a lot of foresight in providing the big brakes. The actual drum diameter is just under 8 inches (with shoes 1.4 inches wide) and the drums are cast from aluminum alloy and have cast-in iron liners. The front brake is of the double leading shoe type, with the brake cable pulling on one actuating-cam lever and the cable housing forcing the other lever forward with reaction pressure. The arrangement assures that both levers will be applied with equal force, and has the additional virtue of adding to the mechanical advantage. As a direct result, the brake action is light and smooth; you couldn't want anything better. The rear brake is more conventional, having only one leading and one trailing shoe. However, it is not worked as hard as the front brake and probably doesn't need the two-leading shoe feature. Besides, it is more effective when the bike is rolling back, and that is more important with a heavily loaded sidecar.
In the midst of all this mechanical excellence stands the engine, which has the characteristics that account for at least half of the BMW's overall appeal. It is an opposed twin, mounted with the crank centerline parallel with that of the motorcycle's and the cylinders poking right out into the airstream. There are numerous advantages to this layout. Improved cooling is one; with the cylinders horizontal, and standing clear of the front wheel the air can blast can travel right over the cooling fins without any interference. Also, the wide separation of the cylinders assure that there will be no hot-spots between them and finally, when the bike is stopped, the heat from the cylinder will cause the air between the cooling fins to rise, creating a natural draft — just like a chimney — and drawing up cool air from underneath to remove heat from the engine.
There are, obviously, some disadvantages. The first one that comes to mind is that if the rider "comes a cropper" the fall may damage the cylinder heads, which are of aluminum alloy and are somewhat exposed. Actually, the heads are strong enough to take a dreadful whacking without breaking. You may scar them a bit, but serious damage is very unlikely. For the rider who is nervous about this, BMW offers a sturdy set of crash bars that solve the problem neatly. A more real objection to the opposed twin layout is that the cylinders occupy a part of one's foot space. A BMW rider's feet actually fit under the cylinders and if the weather is cool the situation is very cozy — warmer weather will involve warmer feet.
Whatever its merits as a foot-warmer, the BMW engine has few faults as a powerplant. Externally, it is distinguished by great cleanness, with cast enclosures surrounding all of the machinery that is usually "left hanging out like the vitals of an Elizabethan traitor's" as one British journalist once put it. Close attention has also been given to the seals and gaskets, and there are no oil leaks — not even the usual seepage.
Inside, there is a great lot of roller and ball bearings — plain bushings are almost nonexistent. The crankshaft is made in three pieces and has the crankpins pressed into place, which permits the use of one-piece connecting rods. The crankpins are spaced at 180 degrees, so that the pistons move in opposite directions and each piston cancels the out-of-balance forces from the other, which makes the overall balance of the BMW engine nearly perfect. The offset between cylinders introduces a slight twisting vibration, around a vertical centerline, but not enough magnitude to be particularly noticeable.
The only area in which the BMW could be improved is in its valve gear. With a centrally-mounted camshaft, the pushrods are entirely too long and heavy, and the BMW cannot be expected to "rev" with most of its contemporaries. The valve gear is simply too ponderous to allow very high engine speeds and while the R69S has been refined to permit much higher engine speed than any others in the BMW line, it has its limits. On the other hand, the BMW is a touring machine and for that kind of service its smoothness is the most important characteristic.
BMW's transmission system is as different as their engine. A single-plate clutch, mounted on a flywheel, as in an automobile, takes the drive to a truly massive gear train. Shifting is done with sliding dog-clutches — as in any other bike — but the sheer strength of the unit is extraordinary. The bike actually makes three steps to the side: A pair of spur gears takes the drive from a spring-and-cam on the back of the clutch shaft to the transmission's "cluster gear". Then, the drive jumps over through another gear-set to the transmission's mainshaft and from the mainshaft it passes through a U-joint to the drive shaft and finally to the spiral-bevel gears that drive the rear wheel. The drive shaft is rather thin, like a torsion bar, and it is designed to "wind-up" a bit under shock loadings and thus cushion the drive. The BMW drive layout dispenses with all of the jangling chains we usually see in motorcycle , and it must be commended on that score. However, we would be less than fair if we failed to mention that in eliminating those bothersome chains, BMW has created a drive that passes through no less than five gears at all times and is, in fact, less efficient than the conventional chain drive.
The road behavior of the BMW is intended to be, and is, the very thing for the long-distance, touring rider. The ride is extremely soft, the engine is unbelievably smooth and the saddle is deeply-padded, "form" fitting and comfortable in a way that beggars description. For extended touring, this really is THE bike to have.
Starting is easy: much of the spark and carburetion machinery has been arranged to insure that there will be no fussiness on those cold mornings. We do have one complaint though: the kick pedal swings outward from the left side of the bike and the bike cannot be conveniently started from an "onboard" position. This has, no doubt, been done to facilitate starting with a sidehack attached, but it creates some difficulties when the BMW hasn't some kind of a prop to holding it up.
Our acceleration and speed tests with the BMW revealed that, even in R69S form — as our test machine was — it was no world-beater for speed. The performance data could be improved by a bike with more miles behind it, our test BMW's odometer showed only 3500 miles, and it takes more than that to get everything in their closely fitted engines to bed-in. We are told, by people who know the BMW well that they do not reach their peak until approximately the 10,000 mile mark. Therefore, one might logically expect that our 16.0 second "standing quarter" would be slightly improved and that the top speed might go up to, perhaps, 108 or 110 miles per hour. For those who are interested: removing the BMW's mufflers showed that: A, they are extensively baffled inside; and B, they are enormously heavy. Indeed, we are not sure if the improved acceleration can be attributed to reduced backpressure, or reduced weight.
Whatever the BMW's merits in a contest of speed, it is still the smoothest, best finished, quietest and cleanest motorcycle it has ever been our pleasure to ride. To be honest, we think that anyone who would worry much over its performance-potential is a bit of a booby. The R69S is fast enough to handle any encounter, and it has attributes that are, in touring, infinitely more valuable than mere speed. All things considered, if we were planning a two-wheel style vacation/tour, the BMW would have to be our choice of mount.
Below: The Arizona license plates for historic motorcycles (HM) over 25 years old are made out of solid copper. Arizona's mines produce the most copper in the United States.
Click here to read English R69S specifications
from BMW A.G., Munich, Germany.
Click here for the complete 50-page 1966 slash-2 motorcycle owner's manual
Click here to see pages from the 1965 BMW motorcycle brochure
Click here to read about the R69 on the AMA's web site (above) precursor of the R69S
Click here to see original 1968 photos of 1968 BMWs | <urn:uuid:3de2d0d5-0887-408e-b976-59cf91ba88cd> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://bmwdean.com/r69s.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00270-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961341 | 2,583 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Why Do I Have the Chills?
Feeling a little bit chilly?
You may experience an icy, tingling sensation throughout your body because of cold temperatures or because your body is preparing to fight off an infection.
In fact, as your body mounts a response to infection, your muscles contract and relax to create heat. Your body may shiver and shake, and your face may turn pale. It’s your immune system’s way of telling you that you will need to take it easy for a few days, and that a fever and other symptoms are coming.
What are the Chills?
It’s natural for your body’s internal temperature to fluctuate; in fact, chills are your body’s natural response to raising your internal temperature. Chills are essentially shivers or shakes to get the body moving and warmed. Your immune system may be giving you chills to kill off bacteria that might be infecting you or to keep your body from freezing.
Causes of the Chills
If you are feeling that cold, shivery feeling, accompanied with general weakness or tiredness, you can bet that you are coming down with some kind of viral or bacterial infection.
A cold, the flu, a respiratory infection — anything that can cause a fever will likely also cause the chills. You also may experience body aches, a runny nose, congestion, nausea and vomiting, and any number of symptoms depending on what is causing your sickness. Here are some other conditions that could lead to chills:
- Menopausal night sweats or hot flashes.
- Panic attacks.
- Drug withdrawal.
- Bacterial infections (pneumonia, UTIs, listeria).
- Low blood sugar.
Chills with a fever
Because fever and chills go hand in hand, you should know that though you are feeling cold, your core temperature may be quite high. The average core temperature hovers around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Your body is able to raise its core temperature, which can help kill the bacteria or virus that has invaded. Adults actually can handle fevers up to 104 degrees for a short period of time, and children may also have fevers that high.
Keep in mind, children are more likely to quickly fluctuate in body temperature, so you should carefully monitor them when they’re ill.
“Why do I have the chills but not a fever?”
Chills and a fever often go hand-in-hand, but it’s possible to have one condition without the other. Chills are simply your body’s attempt to burn energy and boost your body temperature. So, chills actually assist in the process of your body building up a fever.
What Should I Do to Treat the Chills?
- If you feel the chills coming on, resist the urge to bundle up until you know your temperature. Keep clothing and blankets light to prevent overheating.
- Also, if you feel the “burning up” of fever, don’t cool yourself excessively, as it may cause your body to raise your fever to compensate, potentially causing more damage. If you are uncomfortable from your fever, consider an over-the-counter fever reducer like acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
- Drink warm, soothing liquids like tea or hot water with lemon.
- Rest is best if you are sick with fever and chills, and you should drink plenty of fluids to replace those lost by your increased body temperature. To keep from becoming dehydrated, Kevin M. Wong, MD, Westmoreland Family Medicine – UPMC says, “Make sure your urine stays clear to light yellow.” If you see it becoming darker, you may want to increase your fluid intake.
- When caring for a child with fever or chills, Dr. Wong says, “Ibuprofen is OK, but never aspirin for children.” Giving children medicine that contains aspirin can result in a serious condition called Reye’s syndrome.
When to Call the Doctor
For most people, the chills are a minor annoyance that only last a few days. However, if you or your child experience the following, you should immediately contact your health care provider:
- If you or your child exhibit signs of dehydration
- If there is a change in level of consciousness, i.e. a person is responding inappropriately, seems confused, or becomes unresponsive.
- The symptoms worsen or lasting more than 2 to 3 days.
- You develop other troubling symptoms, such as shortness of breath, stiff neck, severe pain, etc.
- Temperature above 104 F (40 C) for ages 3 and up, 102.2 F (39 C) ages 3 years to 3 months, and 100.4 F (38 C) for infants under 3 months old.
- Dr. Wong advises to seek help if your temperature does not come down with medication. This could indicate a more serious problem.
Don’t be caught unprepared by the chills — it’s a good idea to have a doctor you can call when you get sick.
Editor's Note: This gallery was originally published on , and was last reviewed on . | <urn:uuid:a18795f0-746a-4e18-b8b8-17384285eef2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wordpress-share-prod.azurewebsites.net/2016/08/why-do-i-have-the-chills/?source=gallery-module | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.931672 | 1,101 | 2.796875 | 3 |
This report from the Institute for Public Policy Research argues that the British civil service needs to drop its ‘we know best’ mentality and learn from countries like Canada, Denmark, Finland, New Zealand and Singapore. It describes the Whitehall policy-making process as closed and insular, often conducted behind closed doors and without external expertise.It also claims that there is a gulf between those designing policy in Whitehall and those delivering it on the front-line. The civil service sees itself as a distinct and separate part of the public service. Policy is not evaluated on a systematic and ongoing basis. The mantra of ‘what matters is what works’ is undermined by the fact that the civil service often does not know what works.
It is also claimed that the civil service does not learn from experiences, be they either successes or failures. The ‘gene pool’ and skills base is too narrow and there is not enough interchange between the civil service and the wider public service. Whitehall’s strong baronial and departmental culture militates against effective joined-up government.
The report also says that the centuries-old British tradition of ‘Ministerial responsibility’, which holds that Ministers alone are accountable for everything that happens in their Departments, severely undermines the accountability of the civil service. Without stronger external accountability the civil service will continue to under perform.
The report is available from: www.ippr.org | <urn:uuid:db0a9ad7-178c-4bc5-b26a-f0db0194f2a6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.publicnet.co.uk/abstracts/2007/05/23/innovations-in-government-international-perspectives-on-civil-service-reform/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00453-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962646 | 294 | 1.96875 | 2 |
In 1835, Isambard Kingdom Brunel was commissioned to build the Great Western Railway. By the end of 1840, it ran for 74 miles from Paddington to Wootton Bassett.
I only mention this because it is about five-and-a-half years since work commenced on a few hundred yards of tram line to Wolverhampton Railway Station. And still no sign of any trams.
I think I know why.
A few weeks ago, I watched the man operating a machine which cuts the groove into the road. He cut a few inches, then stopped for five minutes. Then he did a few more, and stopped again. He explained that every time somebody walked past without ear muffs, health-and-safety laws required him to stop work. And given that this was outside the railway station at eight in the morning, there were quite a few people walking around. And few had thought to bring ear muffs along.
With rules like that, you wonder how anything gets built in Britain.
* * *
A press release dropped in my inbox this week, claiming energy consumed by so-called Bitcoin mining would raise global temperatures by 2C.
Like most claims about global warming, I have no idea whether it is true. And I suspect the people who sent it don't really know either.
But given that we are expected to put ourselves through all sorts of pain over the next decade to prevent a 1.5C rise in temperatures, would it not be a good idea to ban Bitcoin first, and then worry about cars and central heating?
* * *
There was once a very funny episode of Father Ted, where the Irish broadcasters chose a pair of tone-deaf priests warbling about taking a horse to the dentist as their country's Eurovision entry.
They wanted to lose the contest so they wouldn't have to fund it next year.
Needless to say, the supposedly cash-strapped BBC has kindly volunteered to host next year's Eurovision. Which I'm sure will go down a storm with the over-75s who have had their free licences withdrawn.
* * *
The governing body of Quidditch, the made-up game in the Harry Potter novels where competitors fly around on broomsticks, is changing its name to Quadball, to distance itself from J K Rowling over something she posted on Twitter years ago.
Yes, I know. There really are grown-ups who play an imaginary game from a children's novel, and have even set up a 'governing body'.
Still, given that skateboarding, BMX riding and break-dancing are now Olympic sports, it can only be a matter of time before Quidditch is included.
* * *
Interest rates up half a per cent, soaring inflation, a looming recession. Looks like dark times will be with us for a while.
Beware anyone offering easy solutions, be it Liz Truss's unfunded tax cuts, or union militants demanding 12 per cent pay hikes. Any of this will just pour petrol on the fire.
The truth is, all we can do is batten down the hatches and live within our reduced means. But wouldn't it be a nice gesture if our leaders took a voluntary pay cut to demonstrate solidarity? | <urn:uuid:53135ae4-70f7-4b35-84c6-88039560a861> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.expressandstar.com/news/voices/opinions/mark-andrews/2022/08/06/mark-andrews-you-wont-believe-why-its-taking-so-long-to-build-a-tramline/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.969767 | 677 | 1.84375 | 2 |
It’s Christmas time in Palestine and all eyes are on Bethlehem, the birthplace of Jesus. The city’s Christmas trees are up and the streets of Bethlehem are covered in festive lights and decorations.
To the ordinary person, things in Manger Square might seem normal, like any other Christmas. People are trickling in and out of the Nativity Church, while others have come to take photos in front of Bethlehem’s Christmas tree.
But despite the festive atmosphere, Palestinians in Bethlehem know that this year their Christmas is going to be anything but normal.
But despite the festive atmosphere, Palestinians in Bethlehem know that this year their Christmas is going to be anything but the usual. But this year was really hard on everyone, on all the countries of the world.
In Israel, the churches are closed, social life has come to a stop, there are no gatherings, there are even no family relations anymore. I can’t even visit my sister or visit my brother because of the Corona-virus.
In recent weeks Corona-virus cases have surged in the occupied West Bank with the Bethlehem district seeing some of the highest rates of infection.
Due to the latest round of Corona-virus lock downs Bethlehem is as quiet as ever. Even prayers have to be done inside the house.
The streets are relatively empty, shops are closed, and Palestinian families are once again rounded up in their homes, forced to make major changes not only to their daily lives, but to their yearly Christmas celebrations as well.
For Palestinian families, one of the hardest realities they’ve had to face this year is the loss of timeless, quintessential, Bethlehem Christmas traditions. This year, the ceremony was held virtually, and people were forced to watch the celebrations from afar.
Like midnight mass at the Church of Nativity, and the lighting of the city’s Christmas tree, an occasion that typically draws thousands of people from all over the world.
From Bethlehem Palestine to the rest of the world, Merry Christmas and happy holidays to all those celebrating.
Mondoweiss / ABC Flash Point News 2020. | <urn:uuid:1238a6ce-1051-4bf6-8c15-d0332ac5da57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cosmoschronicle.com/israel-forbids-palestinians-to-celebrate-christmas-in-bethlehem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954981 | 434 | 1.921875 | 2 |
In mid-July, Tony Alexander, Chief Economist for the BNZ, was asked whether NZ house prices might fall as sharply as those in Melbourne and Sydney (which have retreated 10% – 15% from their peaks). Tony doesn’t think that will happen in NZ – for the reasons below.
Forecasts of a collapse in New Zealand house prices have been made repeatedly since the 1980s and were most prevalent during and immediately after the GFC. None of these forecasts have proved correct. Average prices fell only 11% between 2007 and 2009 and have risen 88% since then. Nonetheless, focusing on a comparison with Australia, since 2003 while Australia’s Capital Cities House Price Index has risen by 90%, NZ’s nationwide index has risen by 150%. New Zealand ranks as one of the world’s least affordable housing markets.
Here are some reasons suggesting it is not valid to extrapolate recent declines in Australian house prices into the NZ scene.
One reason for the difference in price growth since 2003 is that although Australia’s 27% population growth since 2003 exceeds NZ’s 22%, Australia’s housing stock has grown by 30% versus just 20% in NZ. In NZ there is a housing shortage which is getting worse, whereas in Australia there is a (temporary) oversupply.
In the past 5 years NZ’s population has grown by 458,000. At an average household occupancy rate of 2.7 people per dwelling, this required 170,000 net extra houses to be built. Actual dwelling stock growth was only 126,000. The NZ housing shortage is growing and will continue to do so as net migration flows are remaining high near 50,000 (1% of population) per annum.
Between 2003 and 2019 the household debt servicing ratio in Australia rose from 8.2% to 9.1%. NZ’s ratio has fallen from 9.1% to 7.6%. Australia’s household debt to income ratio has jumped from 134% to 190%, NZ’s has risen from 130% to 164%.
There has never been as great a level of foreign house buying in New Zealand as Australia. The official NZ data only started in 2016 but shows average non-resident buying of 2.5% of all sales, falling now to 0.6%. In Australia, according to an NAB quarterly survey, foreign buying peaked in 2014 near 16% for new properties and 9% for existing ones. Fewer than 4% of existing dwelling sales now go to foreigners and 5% of new dwellings.
Since 2003 67% of dwellings built in Australia have been in multi-unit developments. The NZ proportion is just 26%. Prices for apartments have historically shown greater volatility than prices for houses.
In New Zealand there was no surge in people gearing compulsory superannuation money into housing as occurred in Australia, (given the absence of self-managed superannuation funds) and therefore no recent strong downward pressure on prices from the cessation of bank lending for such.
There are no stamp duties on dwelling purchases in NZ therefore there is an absence of the recent depressing price effect in Australia from states introducing and still increasing duties and levies on foreign buyers and owners.
In 2015 in Australia near 40% of lending to households was interest only. In NZ at the same time the proportion was 28%. Due to the imposition of new restrictions this ratio in Australia now stands near 20% versus 26% in New Zealand.
The most recent annual number of dwelling consents issued in NZ is 34,500 or 1.8% of the housing stock. In Australia the number is 190,285 and the proportion 1.9% – still greater than in NZ even after a fall from 230,000 a year ago. There is a shortage of builders across all trades in New Zealand – partly because shortages offshore have attracted some Kiwis away for higher incomes and opportunities.
The above is an excerpt from Tony Alexander’s Weekly Overview of 18 July 2019. Sign up here to receive the Weekly Overview each Thursday night. | <urn:uuid:395e561a-2aca-447b-9b4b-f60d70669786> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rwhowick.co.nz/news/will-nz-house-prices-fall-as-sharply-as-the-prices-in-melbourne-and-sydney | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.968781 | 834 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Saudi Arabia uses 40kg of plastic bags each year – almost 20 times the global average measured by the European Union (EU), according to reports from the kingdom.
Saudi plastic bag use is 20 times global average
Disclaimer: PlasticsInfoMart.com is owned by Binary Buls Media and is a part of PlasticsInfoMart.com website group. It has no relation and is not part of or associated with Crain Group. PlasticsInfoMart.com aggregates news on Plastics Industry from Asian region and gives free access to information to its readers. | <urn:uuid:67385e4a-1331-42f6-b1f5-81b5b7b133a7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.plasticsinfomart.com/tag/plastic-waste/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00220-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924924 | 114 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The main food in Thailand is rice. Everyone has eaten it since they were born. But we can't really eat rice alone so we have to have something to go with it. There are many dishes of food to go with rice. Most of them are hot and spicy and that is what Thai food is famous for.
วันอังคารที่ 4 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2556
Jaew Hon is a Northeastern dish made by dipping raw beef into boiling soup. The beef is then eaten with a variety of spicy dips, depending on one’s taste. The soup is also made in a special way and consists of ground roasted rice, fish sauce, crushed galangal, lemon grass and kaffir lime leaves that give it a pleasant aroma.
The beef is usually cut from around the neck or the legs of the cow and we also use the liver, tripe and heart. the meat is thinly slicedinto bite – size pieces, arranged on a plate and topped with raw egg. Glass noodle is also placed on the plate, along with Chinese cabbage, cabbage, water convolvulus, and sweet basil.
The beef is dipped in the boiling soup until just cooked and eaten with the vegetables, glass noodles and steamed glutinous rice. The dish is widely available in restaurants selling Northeastern food. | <urn:uuid:49fd4a33-81fa-439d-a695-b28efc2deca1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thaifoodgo.blogspot.com/2013/06/jaew-hon.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00123-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964906 | 307 | 1.96875 | 2 |
CISC220 F2021 Setup
All example code and template code for this course has been developed and tested on a Linux system. To do labs and programming projects, you should have access to one as well for coding, compiling, and debugging. Options:
- A very basic option for playing around, which is not enough for homeworks, is an online C++ shell. Try it!
- Run Linux on your own Windows/MacOS laptop/desktop. I recommend Ubuntu desktop. If you don't have a Linux distribution already, there are 3 standard approaches:
- Install Linux to a DVD or USB stick and run it "live" by booting your machine from it (details in Ubuntu install instructions). This may require fiddling with your BIOS boot order settings, but it offers the advantages of (a) not changing your hard drive at all, and (b) theoretically you can walk up to any machine and run Linux on it. Unfortunately the Spencer 010 machines will not boot from the USB port without an admin password, but a DVD should work.
- Add a boot-time Linux option (aka "dual-booting"). This is pretty easy and built into the Ubuntu installer (again, see Ubuntu install instructions). Usually I make a USB stick first to test that everything works on my machine (trackpad/mouse buttons, wifi, graphics drivers, and power button/lid closing are the most common issues with laptops), and then inside Ubuntu there is an option to install it to the hard drive permanently.
- Create a virtual machine, which lets you run Linux from within Windows or MacOS without rebooting. Performance is generally slower than the above options, but for CISC 220 it should be entirely acceptable. Here are two free options:
- VirtualBox. I found these instructions helpful when setting up VirtualBox for Ubuntu. If you have VirtualBox with Ubuntu left over from CPEG 202, I recommend doing a fresh install -- several students had problems trying to reuse this installation. If you are having trouble with low screen resolution, try this fix
- VMWare, an alternative if/when VirtualBox doesn't work for you
After OS setup
After Ubuntu is installed, you need to make sure there's a C++ compiler and a text editor or integrated development environment (IDE) as well:
- In Ubuntu, apt-get install g++ will install the compiler and related basic libraries
- gedit is Ubuntu's built-in text editor and is what will open if you double-click a code file in the file explorer. It has syntax highlighting and should work just fine.
- xemacs is my old-school text editor of choice. It has mouse-and-menu options like gedit, but also keyboard shortcuts to speed things up. apt-get install xemacs21 to get it, and untar this in your home directory to get one flavor of syntax highlighting. Here's a getting started guide
- Code::Blocks and Eclipse are cross-platform, full-featured IDEs for C++ and geany is an Ubuntu coding-oriented text editor with IDE features. I will not explain how to install or use them beyond what is written below, but feel free to try them if just a bare-bones text editor doesn't do it for you.
- Code::Blocks: Make a new C++ project of type "Console Application" and follow the wizard instructions to name it, choose a directory, etc. Once it's created, put the CISC220-supplied main.cpp and any .txt files into the project directory, overwriting the Code::Blocks-created main.cpp. To compile, choose "Build and run" from the "Build" menu. If the program expects command-line input (like the name of a file to read), go to the Project / Set Programs' Arguments menu and type the filename or whatever into the Program Arguments text box.
- To invoke the terminal (aka command line) in Ubuntu, click on the Ubuntu icon in the upper-left of the start bar to bring up the "dashboard". Type "terminal" in the search box and an icon for the terminal app will appear. Click this, or you can drag it to the start bar so it's always there. Once you are in the terminal, here is a tutorial on commands, but the key ones are:
- ls: List directory contents. This tells you what files and subdirectories are in the current directory.
- cd: Change directory. This is how you move around between directories/folders. cd all by itself takes you back to your home directory, cd <name of subdirectory> takes you down to a subdirectory of the one you're in, and cd .. takes you up to the next higher-level directory.
- General instructions here. You can do both operations from the file explorer: right-click on a tar file and choose "Extract Here", or right-click on a directory and choose "Compress".
- To untar a file named foo.tar from the command line: tar -xvf foo.tar while you are in the same directory as foo.tar
- To tar a directory named foo into a a tarfile named foo.tar: tar -cvf foo.tar foo while you are at the directory level ABOVE foo.
A final note
If you are devoted to Windows Visual Studio or MacOS XCode and you don't want to venture into Linux-land, that's ok. But as with the IDEs mentioned above, you will be on your own in making projects and importing the template code that I provide. | <urn:uuid:aaee6837-2381-45fc-9ad9-fec461b16057> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://nameless.cis.udel.edu/class_wiki/index.php?title=CISC220_F2021_Setup&direction=prev&oldid=1923&printable=yes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.901718 | 1,173 | 2.96875 | 3 |
As the world watched the people of Egypt take to the streets in an effort to exercise their rights and have their voices heard, here at home in the USA, plans are being put into place to silence workers, lower their wages, cut their benefits and increase the likelihood that they will suffer injuries and fatalities at work. It is happening at a breakneck pace and too little attention is being paid.
In Columbus, Indianapolis, Madison, Tallahassee and other state capitols, newly elected politicians are working tirelessly to pay back their debt to the corporate CEO's who funded their campaigns by destroying the power of working men and women to have a real voice on the job. The net result of this activity will be lower standards of living for all working people, while corporate interests gain more control and a greater ability to increase profits while privatizing public services and shipping jobs overseas.
All Americans will suffer if we fail to stop these unconscionable policies from being put in place. In Wisconsin, Ohio, Florida and in other states across the country, legislators are moving rapidly to pass new laws to cut education, health care and public safety programs while imposing new rules to gag workers and make it more difficult for them to organize for better wages, benefits and working conditions.
In Florida, Governor Rick Scott has plans to double the amount of money he pays to his personal office staff while at the same time slashing benefits for the unemployed, cutting aid to schools and forcing veterans to pay more for the medical treatment they need and deserve.
In Ohio, Governor John Kasich has added $1 million to expand his personal security detail, while moving quickly to cut public services, and eliminate the ability of state and local public employees to collectively bargain. He's cutting services even though the recovery in Ohio is producing more than $50 million in additional state revenues than originally anticipated by the state's budget office. Kasich is not focusing on job creation or providing Ohio with the services its people need. Instead, he's using his powers as governor to punish and gag his political opponents.
In Wisconsin, the state legislature is fast-tracking a law to eliminate the ability of nurses, teachers, EMTs and correction officers to recommend and negotiate new policies to protect patients, educate students or guarantee safety in the states' prisons. This is nothing short of a Public Employees Gag Law, forcing the men and women who provide vital public services in the state to suffer and serve in silence. Nothing could be more un-American.
In Indiana, pending legislation threatens public employees with criminal penalties if they engage in collective bargaining with their employer. Collective bargaining by public employees would be declared "illegal" and "any form of agreement" with an employee organization would be "illegal, unlawful, unenforceable, void and of no effect." Public employees who violated the new law could be prosecuted for committing a Class A misdemeanor and would be in jeopardy of losing all of their accrued benefits. This is nothing less than union busting at its most transparent, designed to deny workers a voice in the workplace.
Newly elected right wing legislators in Wisconsin and Ohio are moving to add their states to the list of states with so-called Right to Work laws, which really do nothing but guarantee that every worker will take home less in their paycheck and have no voice on the job. This is political payback, which does nothing to promote job growth or help the middle class. While protecting the special benefits and tax breaks that benefit their corporate backers, the politicians are engaged in a reckless race to the bottom, where only the rich will have access to adequate health care, job security and a retirement.
In so-called Right to Work states, all workers -- union and non-union members alike --earn $5,000 less a year than workers in states where workers have the right to organize and join unions. In states where workers have a voice on the job, the U.S. Department of Labor has shown that workplace fatalities are lower. That makes sense, because it's only when workers can point out dangerous workplace problems and offer solutions to them that risks can be adequately addressed.
More than half a century ago, President John F. Kennedy said America faced a critical choice: A choice between "public interest and private comfort - between national greatness and national decline." That choice must be made again. It's what we do collectively to realize our common dreams that makes our country like no other.
As far away as Egypt, working men and women dream about the same rights we take for granted. Now, however, those rights are under attack here at home. All of us need to make our voices heard in the coming days. We need to make it clear to the politicians that their own perks and salaries should be cut before they take a cleaver to the wages, benefits and rights of working men and women.
They need to spend less time punishing workers and more time working with them to solve the problems that face us all.
How will Donald Trump’s first 100 days impact YOU? Subscribe, choose the community that you most identify with or want to learn more about and we’ll send you the news that matters most once a week throughout Trump’s first 100 days in office. Learn more | <urn:uuid:df73fdbb-f62f-489d-ab40-e08872d0b8b2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.huffingtonpost.com/gerald-mcentee/gagging-workers-is-unamer_b_824057.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971419 | 1,063 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Sheet Metal Stamping Service
The sheet metal stamping process is transformed by stamping hot or cold rolled steel sheet into the shape required to manufacture your part. This technique allows a large number of parts to be produced at the same time, but it can also result in about 15% of the raw material being scrap. The equipment used with this method requires less space than other methods, so if you have limited space, this type of manufacturing may be best for your business. When working with sheet metal stamping, three main types of dies are used – cutting, punching and bending.
- Trimming involves cutting a part out of sheet metal. This is done by striking a sheet of metal with a die that cuts the sheet into the desired shape. Punched parts will have burrs on the edges, so they need to be filed or machined before use.
- Punching is the process of punching a hole in a sheet of metal by placing it between two dies and forcing them together.
- Bending is the deformation of metal by using the pressure of a die. This type of stamping is often used to make parts with curves.
The Advantage Of Sheet Metal Stamping
- Low Cost: Sheet metal stamping is a low cost manufacturing technique. Its cost is generally lower than other methods, making it ideal for small businesses on a budget. Since this method does not require molds or tools to create the part or part, it is also considered by many to be less costly. However, the toolless aspect of sheet metal stamping can sometimes make it more expensive because you pay someone for the layout and design work instead of using standardized tools.
- High-Volume Production: Sheet metal stamping can produce thousands of identical parts at a time, so this type of manufacturing allows you to efficiently manufacture large numbers of products while maintaining quality standards. This benefit mainly applies to parts that are simple in shape and do not require extensive customization.
- Ease Of Use: Shears, punches, and bending dies make up most of the tools for sheet metal stamping, so this type of fabrication is relatively easy to learn. If you have employees who are already familiar with basic machine operations, they may know how to punch sheet metal without too much trouble.
- Versatile: Sheet metal stamping is a very versatile manufacturing technique capable of creating parts of various shapes and sizes. This makes it a good choice for businesses that require high volume production. Additionally, this type of stamping can create both simple and complex parts.
Sheet Metal Stamping Mold Manufacturing
Pintejin’s manufacturing assets are focused on building Sheet Metal Stamping molds. We leverage the accuracy of Mazak and Hass milling machines and the high precision EDM to build Sheet Metal Stamping molds with tight tolerances.
Our technology and proprietary processes allow us to build accurately and continuously which increases mold and part quality, reduces mold build leadtime and mold cost.
Each new mold project is assigned a Project Manager for single point of contact. Our 26 step Product Development Process ensures you are involved as little or as much as you want during the build and final process review.
We are not satisfied with delivering only a mold, with all new mold builds Pintejin will sample and ensure the mold produces components in an efficent process. It takes the guess work out of starting production at your facility.
All molds are 100% guaranteed while running production in our facility. | <urn:uuid:f089e379-c150-4cd8-a9bc-f54dc00eedcb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sheetmetal.wiki/metal-stamping/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.932812 | 708 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The Tunisian Dinar is the official currency of Tunisia. The ISO currency code is TND and identified by the symbol DT. It is subdivided into 1000 milim. The dinar is issued Central Bank of Tunisia.
Exchange rates are published daily. These rates are provided for indicative purposes only.
The foreign exchange reference rates are published by the European Central Bank.
Currency Name: Tunisian dinar
Local Name: دينار تونسي (Arabic)
Official user(s): Tunisia
Currency Symbol/Sign: د.ت (Arabic) or DT (Latin)
ISO code: TND
Central bank: Central Bank of Tunisia
Subunit: 1 dinar = 1000 milim or millime
Banknotes: 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 DT
Coins: 20, 50, 100 milim, ½, 1, 5 DT.
Other Currencies Accepted: The euro, the British Pound, and the United States Dollar
Black Market for Currency:Probable
Central Bank Rate
The current central bank interest rate is 3.50%.
Exchange rates today: Wednesday 10th of August 2022
|1 TND||=||0.3226 €|
|3.1 TND||=||1 €|
|20 TND||=||6.4516 €|
|50 TND||=||16.1290 €|
|100 TND||=||32.2581 €|
|500 TND||=||161.2903 €|
|1000 TND||=||322.5806 €|
The rates are set on the basis of the regular daily concertation procedure between national central banks, which normally takes place at 2.15 p.m. CET. The exchange rates are for reference only and are published daily when TARGET system is open.
Exchange rates currencies are quoted against 1 Tunisian dinar : August 10, 2022 | <urn:uuid:a374ecc3-6a3f-4828-a717-ef5fa601de88> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.currencyconverter.nm-devises.com/tunisian-dinar.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.852401 | 441 | 1.875 | 2 |
Single Point Incremental Forming: A study of Forming Parameters, Forming limits and Part accuracy of Aluminium 2024, 6061 and 7475 alloys
Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
Nowadays there is an increasingly demanding need for the development of agile manufacturing techniques that can easily be adaptable to a constant introduction of new products in the market. Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a new innovative and feasible solution for the rapid prototyping and the manufacturing of small batch sheet parts. The process is carried out at room temperature (cold forming) and requires a CNC machining centre, a spherical tip tool and a simple support to fix the sheet being formed.
This work studied the effects of step size, angle, spindle speed, and feed rate on the forming limits of Aluminium alloys namely AA 2024, AA 6061 and AA 7475 in soft annealed condition. The Study also includes measuring the strain path and determination of maximum forming limit angles for the above mentioned alloys. This thesis provides a better understanding of the influence of rotating tool in the occurrence of fracture without previous necking or fracture following previous necking.
Surface and geometric accuracy of the parts manufactured was also studied and comparisons were made between the CAD files and the actual manufactured parts and then corrections were made accordingly. The main contribution of this thesis to Single stage SPIF was the successful manufacturing of a Cone shaped parts with almost vertical walls.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2012. , 101 p.
, Degree Project in Production Engineering Management, Second Level, 520
Engineering and Technology
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103006OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-103006DiVA: diva2:557935
Subject / course
Master of Science - Production Engineering and Management
Rashid, Amir, Univ.lektor
Melander, Arne, Adj.prof | <urn:uuid:7db05707-7f98-405e-bb46-b4fe3b7a57f6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:557935 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00303-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.879113 | 426 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Success and Luck: Good Fortune and the Myth of Meritocracy by Robert H. Frank (Princeton University Press, 2016; 208 pages)
In 2002, I reviewed an atrocious book for this publication — The Myth of Ownership, by Liam Murphy and Thomas Nagel. It argued that we don’t really deserve to own anything because society makes everything possible. Therefore, whatever amount of income or wealth the state deigns to let us keep is morally fine. It’s wrong to view taxation as theft under their view; rather, the lack of taxation is generosity.
That kind of argument appeals to statists who will advance almost any excuse for a bigger and more powerful government. The Murphy/Nagle claim has been taken out of mothballs in the last few years by Barack Obama and Elizabeth Warren, both of whom got cheers for telling supporters that any success Americans have is not really their own. As Obama said about entrepreneurs, “You didn’t build that.”
Now there is a new book advancing a similar argument — Success and Luck, by Robert Frank. He approvingly cites Murphy and Nagel, but bases his case on the claim that rich people were almost always lucky to have succeeded as they did, and therefore shouldn’t object to more taxation.
Frank is an economist who has spent decades thinking about the role of luck in our society. More than twenty years ago, he co-authored the book The Winner-Take-All Society, arguing that we have moved into an economy characterized by “winner-take-all” markets in which one person or company rakes in almost all the rewards of success, with little left for the rest of the field. In his latest book, Success and Luck, he returns to that theme and explains why he finds it problematic.
“In recent years,” Frank writes, “social scientists have discovered that chance events play a much larger role in important life outcomes than most people once imagined.” Despite the American belief in meritocracy, Frank says that success and failure “often hinge decisively on events completely beyond any individual’s control.” The actor Bryan Cranston, for example, is now enjoying a booming career, his high demand a result of his starring role as Walter White in the TV series Breaking Bad. Frank points out that Cranston was offered that role only after John Cusack and Matthew Broderick had turned it down. Yes, Cranston was good, but without a lucky break, he would have remained in relative obscurity.
The business world, Frank contends, is full of such good-luck stories. In the market for tax-preparation software, for instance, numerous programs that were perfectly capable once competed. But owing to some favorable reviews, Intuit’s Turbo Tax eventually came to dominate the field. “Its developers profited enormously, even as those whose programs were almost as good were being forced out of business,” Frank laments.
It has always been true that a few lucky ones manage to reap great rewards even though they were little if any better than their rivals, but Frank maintains that the march of technology is magnifying the gap between the winners and the losers in law, medicine, sports, journalism, retailing, and even academia. In a revealingly egalitarian passage, he says, “It’s one thing to say that someone who works 1 percent harder than others or is 1 percent more talented deserves 1 percent more income. But the importance of chance looms much larger when such small performance differences translate into thousand-fold differences in earnings.”
But is the “winner-takes-all” trend really becoming more pronounced? For all of his anecdotes, Frank’s claim that it is, rests on nothing more than his ipse dixit. The same technological change that allows some to get exceptionally wealthy is also making markets open to far more people than ever before — publishing, for example. It also allows competitors to erode the positions of the lucky winners more rapidly than ever. This part of Frank’s case, I would say, is very doubtful. Let’s assume for the sake of argument that he’s right, however.
The key questions remaining are why this trend (assuming it exists) is harmful and what the author proposes to do about it.
One reason the trend is harmful, according to Frank, is that the quest for great success “may encourage people to compete where they have no realistic prospects.” True enough, but hasn’t that always been so? For the last century, vast numbers of young Americans have, for example, devoted a great deal of time and energy to perfecting their jump-shots, fastballs, and tackling even though the chance of making it into one of the major leagues (now with a multi-million dollar contract) is vanishingly small. Many others have tried to “make it big” in music or acting, even though the odds of success are similarly microscopic. And still more, lured by the possibility of gigantic profits, have tried to invent things and market them, but, like the rivals to Turbo Tax, failed. Frank focuses only on the wasted effort, but even when people don’t achieve their dreams, they usually gain from their efforts in ways that make future success more likely. As Thomas Edison said of his many unsuccessful experiments, “I didn’t fail, but learned what didn’t work.”
But there is a far bigger problem according to Frank, namely that the few plutocratic winners damage the nation with their prodigious spending on mansions, hyper-expensive cars, and over-the-top weddings. All of that conspicuous consumption doesn’t really make them happier: “Wealthy Americans have been building bigger mansions simply because they’ve received most of the country’s recent income gains. Yet there’s no evidence that, beyond a certain point, bigger houses make people any happier. Once houses reach a certain size, further increases in square-footage merely shift the frame of reference that defines adequate.”
While the rich are engaged in a sort of arms race to out-do each other, public investment suffers, Frank avers. Channeling John Kenneth Galbraith’s complaints in The Affluent Society (1958), Frank sees an America in which the wealthy are living it up at the expense of a starving public sector. He employs this analogy to make his point — we are like a driver who has a $300,000 Ferrari that bumps along on pothole-ridden roads when we could instead have a $150,000 Porsche that we drive on perfectly smooth roads.
We suffer from a huge infrastructure deficit of some $3.6 trillion but, Frank argues, the rich fail to understand that they were just lucky and therefore oppose paying the higher taxes that would lead to better roads for all, better education for everyone’s children, and so on. In short, we’d all be better off — even the rich — if they paid more in taxes and stopped their wasteful spending.
Several glaring problems beset Frank’s argument.
First, all of that needless (to Frank) spending by the rich provides the income for large numbers of people who are not rich. Consider the outlandish Manhattan weddings that now cost on average $76,000. Frank sees wasteful one-up-manship, but to the companies employed and their workers, that’s the money that pays the bills. The de-escalation of the arms race on weddings, houses, cars, boats, et cetera that Frank wants would inflict serious pain on many Americans whose livelihoods depend on rich people spending money on their lifestyles.
Second, it isn’t true that the super-rich have dug in their heels to oppose any and all tax increases on them. Frank points to one who has (Stephen Schwartzman), but a great many of America’s billionaires are supporters of leftist politicians who have pledged to make the rich pay much higher taxes. Something other than insatiable greed of the One Percenters is necessary to explain why the tax code lets them keep so much of the money they’ve been lucky enough to acquire.
Third, Frank’s proposed tax transfer of much of the wealth of the lucky few to the government would not produce the social benefits he envisions. That is because he assumes that if the federal treasury had trillions more, the politicians and bureaucrats would spend it wisely to give us smooth roads, strong bridges, efficient passenger rail, and above all, good schools for everyone. That is to say, Frank exhibits the standard liberal wishful thinking that we can solve our problems by just spending enough on them. Could this eminent economist be unfamiliar with the Public Choice critique of government spending? Is he unaware that many of the school districts that spend the most per student have consistently poor results? Apparently so.
Frank’s proposed solution to the alleged problem that the lucky are receiving too much of “society’s” income and squandering it is not to ramp up the highest income-tax brackets. Rather, he wants to replace the progressive income tax with a progressive consumption tax. That change would, he contends, reduce wasteful consumption spending while encouraging savings and investment.
Whatever might be said about the benefit of shifting away from the income tax and into a consumption tax, the case for doing so doesn’t have anything to do with luck or the “expenditure cascades” of the rich. Doctor Frank is prescribing a medicine on the basis of an erroneous diagnosis of the patient’s condition.
Success and Luck is not without its useful insights. Foremost among them is Frank’s statement that the “college earnings premium” that many educators cite as proof that we need to put more young people through college is a mirage. That “premium” exists, he notes, only because a small number of college graduates have enjoyed spectacular earnings. For most college grads, earnings are modest and haven’t grown much. Coming from a college professor, that’s quite a rebuke to the crowd calling for the United States to regain the world’s top spot with regard to the percentage of the populace with college degrees.
Nevertheless, the book’s big point is one that gives aid and comfort to redistributionists who will use almost any argument to justify expansion of the state. “You just got lucky” works just as well for them as another recent claim: “You didn’t build that.” At a time when the need to scale back the size, scope, and expense of government is the national imperative, Frank’s book diverts our attention and leads us astray.
This article was originally published in the June 2017 edition of Future of Freedom. | <urn:uuid:b5f68517-cddb-47a3-b30a-466a7a22ddf0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fff.org/explore-freedom/article/misguided-attacks-rich/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.965325 | 2,266 | 2.234375 | 2 |
For many years, the manufacturers of life safety ropes have recommended the use of a cleaning product designed for life safety ropes, such as LifeLine Cleaner, or a mild soap that is safe for nylon or polyester products, such as Woolite®.  Harnesses and web products are also made of nylon or polyester and the same washing considerations apply to those products as well.
With the increasing concern for personal safety when dealing with blood-borne pathogens, a procedure was needed to decontaminate rope and harnesses that was not in conflict with safe washing of these products.
Life safety rope or web that has come into contact with blood or other body fluids can be cleaned using chlorine bleach per your department’s protocols for decontaminating equipment. The small amount of bleach specified in most decontamination protocols should have minimal effect on nylon or polyester fibers. This would hold true for harnesses and other web products, although some minor discoloration may occur.
A study was conducted by the CMC Rescue School staff as part of a presentation at the 2002 International Technical Rescue Symposium. The effect of a variety of contaminants on kernmantle rescue rope was evaluated. We found that chlorine bleach, when used in a 10% solution, caused a 2% loss of strength. For occasional decontamination, this is probably insignificant. Repeated use may cause a more significant loss of performance in the rope. Use of stronger solutions is not recommended, and this was supported by the 14% strength loss when the samples were exposed to a 100% concentration. In both cases, the samples were immersed for 10 minutes, rinsed for 10 minutes and then tested 14 days later.
UPDATE At the 2013 International Technical Rescue Symposium, John McKently, Director of the CMC Rescue School, presented results of testing a variety of contaminants on life safety rope. Included in this year’s series of tests was a 10% bleach solution on polyester sheath/polyester core rope. The rope was left in the solution until dry, three times over a 40-day period, simulating a worst-case, where the rope was not thoroughly rinsed as part of the decontamination process. The test results showed a 7% loss of strength.
CMC Rescue emphasizes the requirement to thoroughly rinse life safety rope of any fiber type as the final step in decontaminating the rope. | <urn:uuid:3007184c-29ae-42cc-bcaa-bb33f0f620e7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cmcrescue.com/decontaminationg-life-safety-rope-and-web-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00556-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954033 | 497 | 2.171875 | 2 |
How Amanda Gorman exemplifies the poetry and power of study abroad
In a dark time for the world, Amanda Gorman has been a bright light. If you haven’t yet read the poem Amanda recited, The Hill We Climb, at US president Joe Biden’s Inauguration in January, take a minute — it’s absolutely worth it. Who knew how desperate we were for such hopeful and honest words?
"We know access to this opportunity is anything but equal"
And here’s the fun bit — Amanda Gorman studied abroad.
We love to talk about famous people who studied abroad. It is potential exposure for a field and an experience that generally flies under the radar — unless something has gone wrong, study abroad is not making headlines.
For those of us who work in the international education field (or who have studied or lived abroad ourselves), the overall lack of interest in study abroad sometimes feels like a personal affront. We love to talk about how study abroad is a “life-changing experience” and “creates global leaders” (I’m air-quoting myself here)—but in reality, eyes often glaze over.
For IES Abroad, it is alumni like Meghan Markle (yes, the royal one), writer John Irving (of Cider House Rules and Prayer for Owen Meany fame), journalist David Muir (Emmy award-winning anchor of ABC World News Tonight), or Janet Napolitano (former US Secretary of Homeland Security) — to name a few — who help get people’s attention about something we already know: study abroad can be extraordinary.
In the last few weeks, this first-ever US National Youth Poet Laureate’s books have also topped Amazon’s bestseller lists. Even better, we also happen to know that she’s kind, empathetic, and thoughtful on top of everything else. She gracefully and eloquently embodies the global leadership we love to talk about when we talk about study abroad.
Today’s Gen Z global leaders, like Amanda, are uniquely, passionately, and personally tuned into the critical challenges of our time more than any other generation before them. Challenges like systemic racism and nativism, the sustainability of our environment, advocating for human rights, and alleviating poverty and hunger are seen as real threats to daily life, not just distant issues.
Gen Z also approaches these concerns in creative and multi-faceted ways—an attribute unique to their generation. This generation of students no longer see themselves with one career identity as many generations before them did (you would be a politician, a poet, or an activist—not all three). Instead, they are embracing the benefits of multi-dimensional identities and careers, just like Amanda who is all three.
Our president and CEO, Gregory D. Hess, Ph.D., often says, “Study abroad changes lives, and changed lives change the world.”
Study abroad alumni everywhere (famous or not!) are living proof of the unique qualities gained only as a result of living and learning outside your comfort zone. Simply put, study abroad makes you more understanding and empathetic to those unlike yourself.
“No matter what type of student studies abroad, the benefits will also be uniquely their own”
No matter what type of student studies abroad, the benefits will also be uniquely their own. I wish that we could say that study abroad is an option for everyone, but we know access to this opportunity is anything but equal. The barriers to study and travel abroad are many—cost and accessibility alone are two huge challenges that we at IES Abroad see as part of our responsibility to alleviate as much as we can, especially in a post-Covid world. There is still so much work to be done.
In the meantime, though, perhaps now you’ll notice how Vienna plays a dominant role in many of John Irving’s books… because he studied abroad there.
Or maybe if you catch David Muir on World News Tonight, you can imagine him quizzing (and being quizzed by) his host family—a nightly exercise that he said eventually became his nightly routine on television, too.
And, if you watch Amanda Gorman recite her poem at the upcoming Superbowl, perhaps now you’ll also see a young woman who was shaped and impacted by study abroad, someone who strives to be a global leader—in fact, she plans to run for president.
She’s got our vote.
About the author:
Amy Ruhter McMillan is the Senior Associate Vice President of Marketing at IES Abroad, a not-for-profit study abroad and internship provider based in Chicago, Illinois. Having grown up in Hong Kong, studied abroad in Cambridge, England, and now having worked in the study abroad field for more than 20 years, her eyes will definitely not glaze over if you ever want to talk about travel and all the extraordinary things that happen because of it.
Still looking? Find by category:
Add your comment
Disclaimer: All user contributions posted on this site are those of the user ONLY and NOT those of The PIE Ltd or its associated trademarks, websites and services. The PIE Ltd does not necessarily endorse, support, sanction, encourage, verify or agree with any comments, opinions or statements or other content provided by users. | <urn:uuid:6f0005dc-e011-4d88-9a38-d66949cd9ee3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thepienews.com/the-view-from/amanda-gorman-exemplifies-poetry-power-study-abroad/?replytocom=313040 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.964529 | 1,122 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Seven of the nation’s top scientific societies and over 200 leading scientists from around the nation called on the Obama Administration to speed up its transition out of old-growth logging on the Tongass National Forest in southeast Alaska.
USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack announced in July 2013 that a transition out of old-growth logging and into logging of second growth, forests originally logged in the 1950s that have reforested and can replace old-growth logging, would commence overtime . The Forest Service is currently amending the Tongass National Forest Land Management Plan of 2008 with a draft due this August . Unfortunately, the agency continues to put forward controversial old-growth logging sales at levels not seen since the early 1990s claiming that it needs to log old growth for another 10-15 years despite independent analyses that show second growth will soon be available to replace old growth timber .
Over 200 distinguished scientists, including Pulitzer Prize winners, were joined later by climate scientists and the American Fisheries Society, American Ornithologists’ Union, American Society of Mammalogists, Ecological Society of America, Pacific Seabird Group, Society for Conservation Biology, and The Wildlife Society in calling for an end to old-growth logging on the Tongass, the only national forest that still clearcuts its old growth.
According to Dominick A. DellaSala, Chief Scientist of Geos Institute, “unprecedented scientific support for Tongass rainforest protections is a signal to President Obama that there is no time to waste in ending old growth logging on his watch, which would be a defining moment for the President’s climate and environmental legacies.”
The three scientist letters each recognize the Tongass’ irreplaceable ecosystem benefits as:
One of only six relatively intact temperate rainforests in the world.
A national champion in sequestering nearly 7 per cent of the nation’s carbon on just 2 per cent of the nation’s forest base, making it an ideal candidate for the President’s climate change agenda.
World-class salmon runs that are the backbone for a thriving subsistence, commercial fishery, and recreation-based economy.
“Protecting old-growth forest habitat on the Tongass is the key to maintaining the productivity and resilience of extraordinary fish and wildlife populations that have otherwise declined throughout their southern ranges in North America,” said Grant Hilderbrand, President of the Alaska Chapter of The Wildlife Society.
The Tongass is a national repository for atmospheric carbon absorbed by its large trees, productive soils, and dense rainforests that store at least ten times more carbon than any other national forest. When rainforests are cut down, most of the stored carbon is released as carbon dioxide pollution, a greenhouse gas.
President Obama has made climate change his signature environmental agenda; however, his administration has yet to link forest protections with climate security.
“We are calling on President Obama to keep carbon in the trees, much like we need to keep coal in the ground - both are essential to slowing runaway climate change in Alaska and throughout the world for future generations,” said Doug Parsons, North America Policy Director for the Society for Conservation Biology.
Alaska has been hardest hit by accelerating climate change that includes sharp reductions in snow-cover, shorter river- and lake-ice seasons, melting glaciers, sea-ice and permafrost retreat, increased depth of summer thaw, die-back of Alaska yellow cedar, and displacement of aboriginal villages from traditional lands .
“Quickly transitioning the Tongass rainforest out of clearcutting irreplaceable old-growth forests would bring certainty to the timber industry and legacy rainforest benefits to the American people,” added DellaSala.
For copies of the scientist letter click here: | <urn:uuid:56a4871c-5ae2-45cb-ae18-aa9d96244db9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://conbio.org/policy/scb-and-other-science-societies-call-on-president-obama-to-save-tongass-rai | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.936734 | 783 | 2.953125 | 3 |
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) sets the standards for how patient data is protected and stored in the US. Under HIPAA, organizations that store, process, or transfer protected health information (PHI) are required to implement specific administrative, technical, and physical safeguards. According to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the HIPAA Privacy Rule defines standards around how organization maintain patient privacy. The HIPAA Security Rule defines specific technical standards organizations must implement when managed PHI. Security teams must account for Security Rule requirements and update such as access control, and encryption.
Who Is Required to Comply with HIPAA?
Startups and software developers that receive protected health information (PHI) from a covered entity (CE) such as a health provider, hospital, or insurance company must comply with HIPAA requirements. Healthcare startups and software companies that work with healthcare organizations typically enter into business associate agreement (BAA) and operate a business associate (BA) of the healthcare organization. Overall software vendors selling into healthcare are expected to be HIPAA compliant.
Healthcare providers are considered a covered entities (CE) and must comply with HIPAA regulations. This means that doctors’ offices, hospitals, as well as telehealth platforms and software platforms that provide care to patients must meet HIPAA requirements.
Health plans, insurers, and clearing houses are also considered a covered entities (CE) and must comply with HIPAA regulations. These organizations manage PHI from a number of patients and are required to comply with HIPAA.
When managing PHI or building healthcare applications or solutions, teams may consider the following HIPAA guidelines and HIPAA compliance checklist:
Technical Safeguard Requirements
HIPAA requires that organizations encrypt PHI “at-rest” and “in-transit”. This means that PHI data must be stored on encrypted volumes/drives and should utilize SSL/TLS standards when delivering data across the internet or other networks.
In the cloud – This means that teams must configure individual cloud services to use encrypted volumes and enforce SSL for connections over the internet.
Access Control –
HIPAA requires that organizations must limit PHI access to only “minimal-necessary access”. This means that access control systems must be implemented to ensure that staff members do not have more access then what is required to perform their duties. Teams should implement role based access control for systems and applications containing PHI data.
In the cloud – Team may consider using cloud access control services such as AWS Identity Access Management (IAM) to set permissions and manage access control for production applications.
Audit Logging –
HIPAA requires teams to collect logs related to PHI access and modification. Teams should consider collecting all logs and events related to PHI from cloud infrastructure, operating system (OS), and application-level logs. Logs containing PHI identifiers are also considered PHI and accordingly should be encrypted and limited to only necessary access.
In the cloud – Teams should enable audit log creation/collection for each individual cloud service across your cloud and may aggregate logs in a solution such as Amazon CloudWatch.
Automatic Logoff –
HIPAA requires teams to have automatic logoff requirements in place for systems with PHI. This means that any workstations that store PHI should automatically logoff the user after a certain period of time. Any cloud platform user access should timeout after a certain period of time and SSH/VPN access to production systems should have a session timeout enabled.
In the cloud – Teams should enable automatic logoff for cloud services, applications, and systems containing PHI.
Detecting Unauthorized Access –
HIPAA requires organizations to set integrity controls and ensure that PHI data is not improperly modified or disposed of. Solutions around intrusion detection (IDS) and vulnerability scanning detect potentially malicious behavior and enable teams to limit unauthorized access to production services.
In the cloud – Teams should consider implementing cloud native security solutions such as Amazon GuardDuty for intrusion detection or other commercial solutions for these security standards.
Administrative Safeguard Requirements
Administrative policies and standard operating procedures are a key part of any HIPAA security program. Policies should outline actionable security standards based around the organization and its IT infrastructure. Teams handling PHI should define a set of administrative policies to cover topics including:
Risk Assessment –
HIPAA requires teams to perform a security risk assessment on an annual basis, at a minimum. Teams should create a process for handling risk assessment and overall risk analysis. For the risk assessment, teams may work with a 3rd party to perform a non-biased assessment of their HIPAA security controls. Security staff should review assessment findings and remediate potential compliance issues.
Security Roles –
HIPAA requires that teams define a HIPAA Security Officer and a HIPAA Privacy Officer. The Security Officer is typically responsible for setting technical security standards and ensuring that PHI data is properly secured, while the Privacy Officer is responsible for managing HIPAA administrative standards across the organization, such as conducting staff training and reviewing and maintaining policies. For small organizations these two roles may be assigned to the same individual.
Staff Training –
HIPAA requires teams to provide new employees with security training within 90 days of hiring. Additionally, staff security and awareness training must be conducted at least once a year. Training may be conducted internally or with the help of a 3rd party training solution. Training should cover topics such as defining what is considered PHI, how PHI must be protected, and accepted software and procedures for accessing PHI.
Incident Response Plan –
HIPAA requires teams to prepare an incident response plan in-case of a potential security breach. In this plan, organizations should set procedures for how staff/clients can report potential security incidents and set standards for how the security team reviews incidents, resolves issues, and breach notification.
Disaster Recovery (DR) Plan –
HIPAA requires teams to setup backup and disaster recovery (DR) to ensure that PHI is available in case of data deletion or availability issues. Teams should setup and periodically test disaster recovery (DR) processes to ensure that data is backed up and can be properly restored in case of an incident.
Business Associates Agreements (BAA) –
HIPAA requires that teams have a business associates agreement (BAA) in place with all vendors that manage PHI. This means that organizations should sign a BAA with all cloud service providers (such as AWS, Azure), vendors and software solutions that may store, process, and/or transfer PHI. PHI should NOT be stored or processed by any vendor that has not entered into a BAA with the organization.
Physical Safeguard Requirements
Utilize HIPAA Secure Infrastructure
In order to build HIPAA compliant applications, PHI data must be stored on HIPAA compliant infrastructure. Cloud providers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) will sign a business associates agreement and enable teams to build compliant solutions under the shared responsibility model. Organizations should consider a reputable infrastructure provider who will sign a BAA, and meet all necessary physical and technical safeguards when selecting a HIPAA compliant cloud or hosting provider.
Mobile Devices and Disposable Media Security
Mobile devices (including mobile phones, laptops, and USB drives) must be secured if they store PHI data. This means that workstations or portable devices store PHI, should be encrypted, have restricted control, and automatic logoff standards. When PHI is no longer needed on this hardware, these devices should be securely wiped or destroyed. Teams may consider limited mobile device exposure by exclusively storing PHI data in the cloud and securing access to this data overall.
Facility access to PHI must be restricted. For organizations operating in the public cloud, facility access restrictions are generally outlined in the provided business associates agreement (BAA). If PHI is stored on-premises or on local workstations, teams should address facility access requirements including – limiting employee access, implementing locked doors/areas, and conducting on-going building and facility maintenance.
Managing HIPAA in The Cloud
With the latest innovation in healthcare, more healthtech startups, software vendors, and healthcare organizations are building applications in public cloud providers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure. These services provide many services for quickly building solutions, but teams need to be aware of HIPAA requirements for the cloud.
Here is what you need to know about HIPAA and the cloud:
Cloud Platforms provide HIPAA eligible services –
HHS has provided guidance around cloud service providers, and has defined that cloud providers can store PHI for an entity, as long as a BAA is in place. Cloud service providers and SaaS solutions generally offer platforms with “HIPAA eligible services” defined under BAA. Cloud providers may cover some or all services under their BAA (For example see the AWS HIPAA Eligible Service List).
Organizations must be sure to only store/process/manage PHI in these covered services in order to maintain HIPAA compliance.
Teams are still responsible for administrative and technical requirements –
While cloud providers may provide customers with HIPAA eligible services, organizations are still responsible for implementing all security standards alongside these “eligible services”. It is the cloud customer’s responsibility to configure all necessary HIPAA security standards that go along with the cloud service.
For example – Amazon S3 is “HIPAA eligible” and S3 buckets may be used with PHI. With that said, teams must restrict access to these buckets (ensuring public access is disabled), enable encryption, and enable backup settings.
Teams can use a “HIPAA compliant” cloud and fall out of HIPAA compliance –
As you can see from the previous example, it is possible for teams to use “HIPAA compliant” cloud services and still not be HIPAA compliant. It is up to the organization to make sure that all administrative policies, procedures and technical standards are implemented and periodically reviewed to ensure that that the organization maintains compliance.
Meeting HIPAA with Dash ComplyOps
HIPAA compliance does not need to be overwhelming. Dash ComplyOps provides startups, healthcare organizations, and vendors with one solution for building and managing HIPAA security program in the cloud. Dash can help your team achieve HIPAA compliance in 3 easy steps:
1. Sign a Business Associates Agreement (BAA)
Teams sign a BAA with their cloud provider (AWS, Azure). This agreement outlines the how HIPAA security requirements are delineated between the cloud service provider and the cloud customer. The cloud provider generally manages many physical safeguard requirements, while your organization is responsible for administrative requirements and technical controls.
2. Build your HIPAA program and administrative standards
Dash provides your team with a custom set of HIPAA security policies, based around your organization and your technologies. These policies are mapped to required HIPAA standards and best practices around cloud services. Your team can customize policies by answering plan English questions and defining specific technologies used within the organization.
3. Maintain compliance with Dash Continuous Compliance Monitoring
After defining HIPAA policies, Dash helps your team enforce HIPAA technical controls and maintain compliance in your cloud. With Dash Continuous Compliance Monitoring, your team can monitor your cloud platform for any potential compliance issues and resolve cloud security issues before they become a HIPAA violation.
Request a demo today, to learn more about our platform! | <urn:uuid:71e55ab2-4409-4a1f-8ad6-2a2515d75254> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dashsdk.com/resource/hipaa-requirements-checklist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.925958 | 2,344 | 2.484375 | 2 |
You may know Dave Arnold as the author of Liquid Intelligence, a wildly thorough, ambitious, and scientific cocktail book, or the proprietor of Booker and Dax, the cocktail spot behind Momofuku Ssäm Bar. I know him as these things and many more, including that he is a bubbly-water fanatic. I have never actually seen him consume still water, and back in his days of having a lab at the French Culinary Institute, I remember him pouring me glasses of water bubbled with a mix of CO2, which has an acidic flavor, and NO2, which tastes sweeter. It was exceptional stuff. When the inter-office query of what exactly is the difference between the various and sundry forms of bubbly water came up, there was only one man to call.
What’s the difference between seltzer water, sparkling water, and club soda?
One thing I always have to say at the beginning, because there are still people out there whose brains aren’t screwed in straight, is that tonic water is completely unrelated to these drinks. Tonic water is sweetened soda with quinine in it. Let’s just get that out of the way, so we don’t talk about it again.
Right. It’s a different animal completely, but people do get that wrong, and it is terrible when they do.
Irritating, too. I’m sure there are plenty of people out there ordering vodka tonics because they somehow think that tonic water doesn’t contain sugar and it is some sort of fucking diet drink. One part of me is happy to let them be that kind of an idiot, but you know another part of me wants to expose all forms of idiocy, so it’s hard.
Okay, so, club soda versus seltzer. Strictly speaking, club soda usually has some form of salt added to it. Not like table salt, typically it’s a bicarbonate, almost like a baking soda. There’s a range of different salts they can add, and theoretically it pushes it closer to a mineral water/sparkling water kind of a situation than to a seltzer-water situation.
What is the difference between seltzer and sparkling water?
I haven’t looked at the law, but to me seltzer water is filtered water that has been force-carbonated at a high-carbonation level. Sparkling water can be made from water with or without minerals, though it most often is a minerally water.
Usually when a company says “sparkling water,” regardless of what’s in the bottle, they’re targeting the mineral-water people. It’s marketing terminology. Poland Spring water is a very low-mineral water, very soft. The high-end, super-mineral minerally waters are Apollinaris or Gerolsteiner—hard-core German heavy mineral water. Vichy is very, very mineralized water. But when they add bubbles to that, it’s sparkling water.
How often is sparkling water naturally sparkling? Or is it always—
The vast majority of sparkling spring water comes from springs that are naturally still and is force carbonated. Even among the springs that are naturally carbonated—like Perrier—the vast majority have their CO2 removed and then reinjected, though Perrier claims to use the same CO2 that was originally in the water (as if that matters at all).
At least that’s what I’ve always been told. Perrier is naturally sparkling. It comes out of the ground carbonated, then it’s decarbonated, then recarbonated to match the carbonation levels of the spring. But I would be willing to bet that 99.9 percent of everything labeled as sparkling water was decarbed and recarbed. It’s nothing to worry about—I’ve decarbed and recarbed champagne, and it’s impossible to tell the difference.
Now, if you want to confuse things a little bit more, the term seltzer water is derived from a particular spring in Germany, in Selters, where one of the first famous commercial waters came from. The original seltzer water that was shipped around from that area was probably more mineralized than club soda is. In the United States, seltzer water came to mean water with bubbles and nothing else, even though seltzer is named after an actual mineral water that had salts and minerals in it.
Here in New York City, everyone knows what “seltzer” means: sparking water the way God wants it, which is without flavor. It’s rip-roaring with bubbles. I spoke to a soda-company executive once and he said, Yeah, outside of New York people want flavor—they don’t understand paying extra just for bubbles. That’s why you find overwhelming varieties of flavored seltzer with rancid fake-fruit flavorings.
Usually the first sip or two of these terrible things tastes okay, but as they get warmer near the bottom of the bottle, it’s undrinkable. It’s just garbage. Stick with unflavored seltzer. | <urn:uuid:1232625a-9629-4f80-bf72-74aac1fc9b63> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://luckypeach.com/what-is-the-difference-between-seltzer-sparkling-water-club-soda/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00540-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95643 | 1,112 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Growth in Oman’s industrial and retail sectors has been affected by reduced global oil prices and weaker consumer sentiment, denting spending and forcing some companies in heavy industry to defer growth and investment programmes. However, the impact of the costs borne by the sultanate’s manufacturers was offset somewhat in 2017 by the rise in exports to Qatar following the blockade of that country’s trade with the Saudi-led bloc of the GCC.
The government is also investing heavily in breaking a cycle of hydrocarbons dependency and facilitating the development of a more diversified economic base. Manufacturing has been prioritised as one of the pillars of this strategy under the Tanfeedh programme for national economic diversification.
NEW DEVELOPMENTS: Buoyed by strong government support for new foreign direct investment initiatives and sustained investment in infrastructure, industrial contributions to GDP will benefit from projects such as the new city being developed in the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) at Duqm.
The China-Oman Industrial Park is among the most ambitious of the new projects being developed by Chinese firms under the framework of the Belt and Road initiative. The industrial park is being developed and built by Oman Wanfang, a Chinese consortium made up of six private companies.
The investment will create thousands of jobs for Omanis and local companies in a wide range of industries, helping to transform an underutilised seaport into a major business zone and trans-shipment hub with a vibrant industrial base. The zone is managed by the Duqm Special Economic Zone Authority (SEZAD). “Given its regulatory independence, SEZAD acts as a laboratory for testing new regulations that could later be applied in the rest of Oman,” Yahya Said Abdullah Al Jabri, chairman of SEZAD, told OBG (see analysis).
Recovery is also expected in retail, where long-term fundamentals remain strong, driven by population growth, a projected increase in disposable income and a rise in international tourist arrivals. These factors should more than offset current weak consumer sentiment due to the oil price downturn, INDUSTRIAL GROWTH TRENDS: Non-oil activities grew by 0.6% in 2016, contributing OR19.3bn ($50.1bn) to GDP. Manufacturing contracted by 17% that year, adding OR2.2bn ($5.7bn) to GDP, according to the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI). The trend persisted into 2017, with many private sector companies in industry and manufacturing reporting low earnings over the first six months of the year, and industrial sector output growing just 0.1% year-on-year (y-o-y) to OR2.53bn ($6.6bn).
Reduced oil prices continue to fuel negative economic sentiment in Oman, with consumers making more deliberate spending choices and delaying the replacement of non-durable goods, such as auto parts. In heavy industry, shareholders are deferring investment programmes for equipment upgrades and the procurement of new technologies that were not already authorised before oil prices fell.
Energy-intensive industries in the sultanate are also bearing the cost of the withdrawn power-tariff subsidies, raising energy prices by up to 75% for some companies from January 2017. Compounded by reduced profits, these higher costs represent a major challenge for the industrial sector.
“Increasing costs in power, transport and labour are all exerting significant downward pressure on the profitability of Omani manufacturers,” S Gopalan, CEO at Reem Batteries & Power Appliances, told OBG.
According to stakeholders, a higher tax burden could also present a challenge for companies. “I am concerned about the outlook for the industrial sector given that the increase in the corporate tax rate will have a negative impact on local business sentiment and that it is now more difficult to access credit,” Saeed Khawar, chairman of Bin Hayl Group, told OBG.
Balancing the impact of new costs in 2017, domestic industries including food production, steel, manufacturing and construction aggregates benefitted from the diversion of trade between Qatar and the GCC. New shipping lines have opened between Oman and Qatar’s recently inaugurated Hamad Port, and Omani businesses have picked up regional market share from competitors in the UAE and Saudi Arabia, including, for example, up to 40% of Abu Dhabi’s export market for vegetable oil previously destined for Qatar.
GOVERNMENT OBJECTIVES: Despite the more challenging operating environment resulting from the downturn in oil prices, the market remains relatively upbeat, buoyed by sustained government investment in infrastructure. To mitigate the impact of lower oil prices on the pace of public sector investment, the government is seeking to relieve the pressure of financing major development projects by engaging the private sector in public-private partnerships and build-operate-transfer initiatives to share the burden.
The government is also seeking to break the cycle of oil-and-gas dependency by cutting the share of hydrocarbons-derived GDP in half by 2020 and substituting a more diversified economic base. To that end, the country plans to boost the GDP contribution of heavy industry from 19.8% in 2017 to 29% by 2020, and has earmarked $106bn to invest in non-oil sectors, including industry and manufacturing.
Indeed, manufacturing is at the heart of Oman’s diversification strategy, representing 9.3% of GDP and employing more than 38,000 people in 2017. The sector has emerged over the past two decades as a significant development area for non-oil economic activities, growing by 661.9% between 1998 and 2015, according to a study conducted by the NCSI.
Today the country produces and exports a wide variety of items, ranging from car batteries to air conditioning units, footwear, vegetable oil and marble kitchen tops to 135 countries.
However, imports continue to dominate some product segments that have the potential to support domestic manufacturing if developed.
“All of the resources that are spent on importing products could be used to develop local and regional manufacturing capacity, which would translate into local jobs,” M V Suresh, the CEO of National Pharmaceutical Industries, told OBG.
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT: Several initiatives under way aim to support downstream development in the manufacturing sector. In September 2017 the University of Sheffield’s Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre announced plans to launch a local franchise out of Sohar University to drive industrial innovation and support the adoption of new technologies in advanced manufacturing. Known as Intaj-Suhar, the scheme will be the first manufacturing research centre of its kind in the GCC when it opens in 2018.
The technological advances supported by such programmes – particularly in IT-enabled design, digital modelling and fabrication – are changing the face of Omani manufacturing by creating opportunities for compact, micro-manufacturing facilities tailored to small, flexible production runs. Small firms run by artists, crafters, knitters, seamstresses, builders, programmers, engineers and graphic designers are taking advantage of lower-priced machinery and easy-to-use cloud-based software to order, stock and produce goods, as well as to finance projects in a way that would have been impossible five years ago.
Industrial players of all sizes are benefitting from technological advances. “Better connecting businesses with suppliers through digital procurement platforms has the potential of stimulating foreign direct investment,” Hemant Murkoth, CEO of Business Gateways International, which provides this service, told OBG. “Providing information about the quality of suppliers would also facilitate investment decisions.”
FORUMS & INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS: Underscoring its importance to realising the sultanate’s vision of economic diversification, manufacturing is one of the pillars of government strategy under the Tanfeedh programme, which was launched in 2016 under the ninth five-year development plan (2016-20). Since its launch, Tanfeedh has played an important role addressing a variety of challenges in the manufacturing sector, bringing public and private stakeholders together in a formal setting to discuss the future of the economy.
To further amplify the voice of companies in the decision-making process on issues affecting manufacturers – including labour laws, fiscal policies and land use rights – private industry is also taking independent action and organising a lobby group for the roughly 1000 manufacturing companies active in Oman. In late 2017 the manufacturing sector initiated the formation of the Omani Manufacturers Association, with articles of association approved in October 2017 and an initial seven-member board elected. The papers have been filed with the Ministry of Social Affairs and are awaiting approval, after which the association is expected to commence formal work in 2018. Regardless, the forum has already proven beneficial for manufacturers, providing a venue to relay concerns to the government that resulted in the suspension of a 1% import duty applied to raw manufacturing materials in early 2017.
INDUSTRIAL ESTATES: As part of the state’s efforts to develop the industrial sector and diversify sources of national income, the Public Establishment for Industrial Estates (PEIE) manages planning and development of the Rusayl, Sohar, Raysut, Nizwa, Sur, Bureimi and Samail industrial estates, in addition to Knowledge Oasis Muscat – an IT park – and Al Mazunah Free Zone. Growth in the estates remains strong, with the PEIE reporting roughly 600 applications for land by the end of the third quarter of 2017, an increase of over 50% on the previous year, according to PEIE’s CEO, Hilal Hamad Al Ahsani.
Oman’s latest industrial estate at Thumrait, in the south of the country, is expected to open in 2018 with a queue of potential investors. The number of projects committed to the 753-ha Sumail Industrial Estate, completed in 2017 at a cost of OR39m ($101.3m), reached roughly 200 by the end of the year, drawing investors that benefit from proximity to the capital Muscat and Rusayl Industrial Estate.
In nearby Sohar most of the available land is in use, and the PEIE is planning to expand to Shinas to develop industry along the Al Batinah coastline. A new master plan is also in development for the country’s largest industrial estate at Sur, with a feasibility study for a new commercial port managed by the private sector currently in its final stages. Investors have reportedly been lined up for the project, and the PEIE hopes to commence work in 2018.
The benefits of free zones accrue to the economy as well as to investors. “Successfully diversifying Oman’s economy will depend on the continued support and strengthening of the industrial sector. Ports and free zones play an essential role in this regard,” Reggy Vermeulen, CEO at Port of Duqm, told OBG.
PETROCHEMICALS: Petrochemicals are expected to play a key role in diversifying Oman’s economy and accelerating non-oil economic growth. The segment was the highest contributor to GDP in the manufacturing sector in 2016, supplying 51% of value added in manufacturing, for growth of 47% compared to 2015, according to a 2017 report from the Gulf Petrochemicals and Chemicals Association.
The sultanate’s largest ongoing petrochemicals project is the $5.2bn Liwa Plastics Industries Complex (LPIC) being built by Oman Oil Refineries and Petroleum Industries Company in the Sohar Industrial Port Area. Upon commissioning in 2020, LPIC will support the development of a downstream plastics industry in Oman and enable the country to produce polyethylene for the first time.
Other significant developments in 2017 include an investment agreement signed between Dalian Mingyuan Holdings Group and SEZAD to build a $2.8bn project to manufacture 1.8m tonnes of olefin with methanol annually. The year also saw the launch of commercial operations at Sebacic Oman’s $62m, 30,000-tonnes-per-annum facility in Duqm, paving the way for the first exports of sebacic acid in early 2018. The manufacturing facility is the first in the MENA region and the only dedicated sebacic acid plant outside China, benefitting from proximity to Indian castor oil as the main raw material, as well as closeness to target markets in Europe and the Americas, and lower energy costs than China.
Fertiliser production capacity is also regarded as a big contributor to growth in Oman’s non-oil exports. Gulf Potassium Mining, a subsidiary of Gulf Mining Group – which is one of the largest privately owned mining corporations in Oman – has announced plans to invest between $300m and $500m in the development of a sulphate of potash project that will use potassium chloride deposits discovered in Umm Al Samim as an alternative to the more commonly available muriate of potash-type fertiliser in world markets, according to a report in the Oman Daily Observer.
ALUMINIUM: In line with government diversification efforts, the aluminium smelter and downstream sector has been going through disciplined productivity improvement and cost-cutting initiatives supporting the manufacture of value-added products.
Sohar Aluminium is one of the top five producers in the Gulf. Jointly owned by Oman Oil Company, Abu Dhabi National Energy Company and Rio Tinto Alcan, the $2.5bn joint venture produces 375,000 tonnes of aluminium annually, exporting 40% to shareholder Rio Tinto. In October 2017 Sohar Aluminium announced the aim of increasing its smelting capacity and downstream capabilities by adding a second pot line. The capital-intensive project, still in early planning, is intended to boost the downstream sector and align the company’s priorities with the Tanfeedh programme, but requires billions of dollars of investment, and is predicated on appetite to invest.
TEXTILES: Seeking to benefit from strong government support, competitive land and energy rates, and connectivity to global markets through Sohar Port, ShriVallabh Pittie Industries Group – a diversified yarn manufacturing company based in India – signed a project agreement in September 2017 to launch a $300m plant in Sohar Freezone. The first major cotton yarn plant in the region, it is expected to import 100,000 tonnes of cotton fibre for production from the US, India and Australia, and will export more than 70,000 tonnes per year of finished yarn to international markets including Bangladesh, Pakistan, Vietnam, Portugal, Turkey and China.
Commercial operations are scheduled to begin in late 2019, with downstream investments in knitting, weaving, spinning and fabric manufacturing that support the sultanate’s economy, and contribute to its growth and diversification by creating a thriving textiles cluster to provide jobs for locals MANPOWER: Many companies in niche manufacturing segments face challenges hiring skilled manpower. A strict Omanisation policy is currently in place, but few Omanis possessing the necessary experience and skills for senior technical positions. Though the government has invested substantial resources in training centres, such as the Institute of Technical Training Services, a cultural aversion to factory work makes it difficult to find Omanis who are willing to take on production and maintenance roles in industry. Even in more senior positions, Omani engineers typically gravitate towards work in government or with the oil and gas sector.
Once hired, locals are often paid up to five times more than expatriates, and are entitled by law to a 3% annual salary raise regardless of a company’s financial performance. It is also difficult to remove Omanis from their positions once employed, raising challenges with motivation and skills improvement.
Compounding the human capital issue in industry, the Ministry of Manpower has significantly tightened policy on labour clearances for expatriates in recent years to encourage companies to draw instead from the pool of young national graduates.
“I understand and support mandating the hiring of Omanis at an entry level, but to impose a blanket ban on the hiring of expatriates for senior, experienced positions introduces significant challenges for manufacturers,” said Hassan Abdwani, CEO of Voltamp, a producer of power transformers. “My feeling is that government ... is experimenting with labour regulation without appreciating the consequences to industry. They suspend expatriate labour clearances because they want more graduates to be hired, but that’s not the solution. They are only solving their problem by creating another problem.”
The collective impact of these regulations and the current labour laws presents a challenge for economic diversification, restricting access to vital labour and deterring contractors from taking on new projects to avoid excess labour costs during times of lower demand. “We need a lot of highly skilled people and every company needs something different,” said Murtaza Jariwala, executive director of engineering and oilfield services provider Vanguard. “For us it is machine operators – if we hire an Omani, we have to bring our price up. Then if we don’t get any orders, we cannot stay in business. You have to choose how to balance that and it’s very challenging. The Chinese are also competing in the market, so we need orders and we need to keep costs low.”
Reforms to labour regulation are currently under development, with initiatives to support the manufacturing segment spearheaded by Tanfeedh. The position of the private sector is clear: a more flexible and liberalised labour pool is necessary for the generation of economic activity and to create more jobs for Omanis. “Local companies are willing to abide by Omanisation,” Said bin Saif Al Maskery, general manager at Composite Pipes Industry, told OBG. “However, there is a need for improvement in government policy that grants companies the freedom to manage employees and enforce employment contracts.”
RETAIL: Growth in Oman’s wholesale and retail trade sector has slowed since 2014, a result of the oil price downturn and weaker consumer sentiment. Annual growth in the retail sector fell by 18.2% in 2016 to $4.9bn, down from $6bn in 2015 – a recent peak – and $5.1bn in 2012, according to investment banking advisory firm Alpen Capital. The current retail operating environment in Oman, however, does not dampen the longer-term fundamentals for the sector, which is expected to recover in 2018 and grow steadily up to 2021 driven by the stabilisation of oil prices, an expanding consumer base, international tourist arrivals and growth in per capita income, according to a 2017 Alpen Capital report on the GCC retail industry.
Short-term performance will largely depend on the price of oil. If it remains above $50 per barrel, luxury products may do well, particularly among consumers making major purchases ahead of the implementation of a 5% value-added tax, now expected in 2019.
GROWTH DRIVERS: The population saw a compound annual growth rate of 5.7% between 2011 and 2016, and is expected to grow at a rate of 3.1% between 2016 and 2021, the fastest in the GCC, according to the IMF. An expanding consumer base comprising a high number of young nationals, expatriates and lower-income consumers is contributing to a shift in consumer preferences towards international foods, Western products and organised retail stores. This is supported by a rise in household spending power resulting from economic diversification and government-mandated pay hikes for nationals, and is projected by the IMF to grow GDP per capita at an annual average rate of 1.5% between 2016 and 2021. “Thanks to the population growth rate, the outlook is positive for Oman’s fast-moving consumer goods segment, which is a key contributor to the local manufacturing sector,” Vaidyanathan Sundaresan, CEO at the National Detergent Company, told OBG.
The retail sector also benefits from the 16.8% increase in international tourist arrivals between 2011 and 2015. The National Strategy for Tourism 2040 target of a near-doubling of visitor numbers to 5m annually over the next 20 years is expected have a significant knock-on effect on retail growth.
Large grocery stores and hypermarkets attracted by Oman’s strong pipeline of retail projects and expanding consumer base are also expected to drive growth in food retail sales by 15%, from $3.4bn in 2016 to $3.9bn in 2018, according to food and agriculture research firm Farrelly & Mitchell. Hypermarkets will remain the primary driver of food sales in the country, delivering around 70% of total grocery store receipts, according to Alpen Capital research.
ORGANISED MALL SPACE: Traditionally concentrated among standalone outlets, Oman’s retail sector has been shifting towards multi-brand commercial centres and large leisure shopping complexes that combine retail with entertainment. Alpen Capital statistics suggest that the supply of retail space in the sultanate has risen substantially over the last two years. The addition of large shopping centres such as Avenues Mall (gross leasable area of 80,000 sq metres), Oasis Mall (35,600 sq metres) and Panorama Mall (21,000 sq metres) brought total leased mall space in Muscat to 345,000 sq metres in 2017. Oman Airports Management Company also announced the opening of over 18,000 sq metres of retail space at the new Muscat International Airport in January 2017.
The sultanate is preparing for a major rollout of organised mall space in the coming years, including Al Araimi Boulevard, Mall of Oman, and the rebranded Mall of Muscat (formerly known as Palm Mall). The luxury 149,000-sq-metre Al Araimi Boulevard is being built by Omani entrepreneur Fahad Abdullah Al Araimi in the coastal suburb of Al Khoud, a few kilometres from Muscat. It is envisioned as a social centre, offering a combination of entertainment and educational facilities alongside the biggest food court in Oman and 70,500 sq metres of leasable space. Construction is expected to be completed by September 2018.
Another retail destination due in 2018 is Mall of Muscat. The OR150m ($389.5m) complex will be located in Mabellah, between the Muscat Expressway and Highway 1, within a project area of more than 200,000 sq metres. In keeping with the trend of combining retail and entertainment, the mall will house an 8000-sq-metre aquarium, a 5600-sq-metre snow park, 200 retail outlets, and the largest Lulu Hypermarket in Oman, at a total of 22,000 sq metres.
The largest shopping destination under development is set to open in 2020 at Madinat Al Ifran, near Muscat International Airport. Designed by UAE-based mall pioneer Majid Al Futtaim, the super-regional Mall of Oman will host an estimated 350 outlets in a 137,000-sq-metre retail space, according to the Oman Daily Observer. The project is part of the $1.3bn investment that Majid Al Futtaim Group plans to make on retail developments in Oman by 2020. Mega malls and the international brands they bring will be key to securing a portion of the Omani retail spend currently being lost to the UAE, with many Omanis travelling to Dubai to buy goods such as clothing and electronics.
E-RETAIL: Beyond bricks and mortar, Oman’s fledgling e-retail industry is poised for a breakout contribution to growth. While internet spending in the broader Middle East is booming, with GCC countries expected to hit $41.5bn in e-commerce by 2020, web sales in Oman amount to only $800m-$1bn annually due to the lack of a unified postal address system.
In 2017 the NCSI submitted the National Infrastructure for Geographic Information Project to Muscat Municipality, addressing in detail a four-stage plan to introduce a unified address system in time for the 2020 census (see ICT chapter). Once in place, the new system is expected to resolve logistics issues with home delivery, and drive growth in online spending and e-commerce. Mall of Oman, which is scheduled to open in 2020, has already announced plans to capitalise on the anticipated improvements by launching a mobile app that can deliver purchased items to a residential address, a service for which the introduction of a unified postal system is crucial. Similar systems have been successful in Saudi Arabia and several other countries, improving the efficiency of e-commerce deliveries and supporting retail growth. The regional footprint of experienced delivery platforms such as DHL, Aramex, fetchr and Souq – alongside express and payment gateways such as Paypal, Payfort and Telr – will help with the emergence of new e-retailers and revamping of online portals by traditional ones.
OUTLOOK: Industrial growth projections in Oman depend on a number of variables, including the global price of oil (which could result in fewer or delayed heavy industry contracts) and the impact of rising transport and energy prices on the regional competitiveness of Omani manufactured goods. Changes in public policy from budget pressures may also affect prospects, as was the case in 2017 when promised tax exemptions for certain types of aluminium machinery were cancelled in light of the economic environment.
Many companies in niche manufacturing segments also face challenges hiring skilled manpower. A more flexible and liberalised labour pool may be necessary to generate economic activity and create more jobs for Omanis. Despite these challenges, new investment – as measured by expansion in free zones and industrial estates – remains strong, pointing to continued confidence in the sector’s long-term potential. “The industrial sector benefits from a globally competitive tax environment, and high-quality suppliers and service providers,” Ghassan Musabbeh, managing partner at Muscat Steel Industries, told OBG.
In retail, unknowns include the impact of the anticipated spike in uptake of online retail and use of technology over the next several years. The sultanate is currently preparing for the rollout of a large area of organised mall space in a period of dampened spending, the completion of which may contribute to an overhang of retail supply, and in turn to an increase in vacancy rates and a subsequent drop in rents.
You have reached the limit of premium articles you can view for free.
Choose from the options below to purchase print or digital editions of our Reports. You can also purchase a website subscription giving you unlimited access to all of our Reports online for 12 months.
If you have already purchased this Report or have a website subscription, please login to continue. | <urn:uuid:7cd5dcc1-1f71-4490-8b53-338760c4b752> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/focus-attention-economic-diversification-drive-supports-sector-growth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.946265 | 5,477 | 1.804688 | 2 |
RFE: Conference Listings
This service is a joint project of RFE and EconBiz.
DIEF - DISSE - Laboratorio Vicarelli, University of Macerata
- October 01-02, 2010
- Can it happen again? Sustainable policies to mitigate and prevent financial crises
- Macerata, Italy
- Topics:a) Global imbalances and the future of the international monetary system.b) Particular mix of policies adopted to face the crisis in different countries including developing countries (country studies).c) Financial liberalization and the restructuring of the financial system after the crisis, including regulation issues.d) Effects of the planned unwinding of the temporary policy measures taken during the worst phase of the crisis and their consequences.e) The link between the financialization model and the current crisis.f) Usefulness of economic models of financial markets to draw policy advices. Eventually how alternative approaches might help.[gem?_?? den Informationen des Anbieters - according to site editor's information]
- JEL Code: | <urn:uuid:b633eeea-663d-4f72-a073-cbd2bdfbbe42> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://rfe.org/conferences.php?conf_id=7889 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00292-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.847591 | 221 | 1.914063 | 2 |
The Lake Camelot Census Designated Place had a population of 1,703 as of July 1, 2016.
The primary coordinate point for Lake Camelot is located at latitude 40.6342 and longitude -89.7512 in Peoria County. The formal boundaries for the Lake Camelot Census Designated Place (see map below) encompass a land area of 1.74 sq. miles and a water area of 0.14 sq. miles. Peoria County is in the Central time zone (GMT -6). The elevation is 610 feet.
The Lake Camelot Census Designated Place (GNIS ID: 2629864) has a U1 Census Class Code which indicates a census designated place with an official federally recognized name. It also has a Functional Status Code of "S" which identifies a statistical entity.
Beneath the boundary map are tables with Lake Camelot population, income and housing data, five-year growth projections and peer comparisons for key demographic data. The estimates are for July 1, 2016.
|Population in Households||1,703|
|Population in Familes||1,549|
|Population in Group Qrtrs||0|
|Average Household Size||2.77|
|Average Family Size||3|
|Total Housing Units||643 (100%)|
|Owner Occupied HU||583 (90.7%)|
|Renter Occupied HU||31 ( 4.8%)|
|Vacant Housing Units||29 ( 4.5%)|
|Median Home Value||$167,155|
|Average Home Value||$170,232|
|Median Household Income||$86,278|
|Average Household Income||$100,170|
|Per Capita Income||$36,550|
|(Compound Annual Growth Rates)|
|Median Household Income||1.98%|
|Per Capita Income||1.88%|
The table below compares Lake Camelot to the other 1,368 incorporated cities, towns and CDPs in Illinois by rank and percentile using July 1, 2016 data. The location Ranked # 1 has the highest value. A location that ranks higher than 75% of its peers would be in the 75th percentile of the peer group.
|Total Population||# 552||60th|
|Population Density1||# 769||44th|
|Diversity Index2||# 753||45th|
|Median Household Income||# 105||92nd|
|Per Capita Income||# 154||89th|
Additional comparisons and rankings can be made with a VERY EASY TO USE Illinois Census Data Comparison Tool. | <urn:uuid:606f200e-592a-4951-ba37-8fbd87df297f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://illinois.hometownlocator.com/il/peoria/lake-camelot.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00465-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.806883 | 564 | 1.914063 | 2 |
We’re an empowered lot these days, aware of our rights - ready to fight for them. Connected to the world, passionate about making it a better place.
Thanks to social media and a 24-hour news cycle have never been more awake or attuned to the injustices of the world or more compelled to fix them. But maybe this acute awareness of just how many global problems there are has made Gen Z less hopeful and more…depressed?
After all, it’s fairly hard to get psyched about life when Trump is president, Boris is PM and the globe is slow-cooking its way to oblivion. Protest and re-post your activism all you like; it takes a lot of character to not feel fairly down about all that.
Indeed, statistics show that, instead of a defining feeling of hope among Gen Z, there is a groaning sense of pessimism - of hopelessness. Long running research from University College London, revealed earlier this year that depression levels are two-thirds higher than millennials. The study found 14.8 per cent of 14-year-olds in 2015 said they were depressed, compared to 9 per cent in 2005. While 14.4 per cent of young people said they had self-harmed, compared to 11.8 per cent a decade ago.
This depression has impacted more than just a spike in mental health issues - it is causing a generational confidence deficit. A survey in 2017 by Universum, showed that 33% of Gen Z said they lacked the confidence to lead. It’s contrary to the perceived view of Gen Z – as a generation that was told they could do and be whatever they wanted to. Instead of boundless optimistic confidence, the reality seems to be an overwhelming sense of, well, what’s the point?
A report by Deloitte earlier this year on generational attitudes shows pessimism at an all-time low. Less than 40% of Gen Z are positive about the future.
Climate anxiety shows you care. It shows you know that we must all act now if we want a future for our planet.
A bleak view of the future is directly linked to an undeniably bleak future. For example; take the gloomiest of issues that Gen Z has made one of their pet projects: climate change. Here, the end goal is not social justice or challenging oppression but actual survival. As the oft-used saying goes - there is no Planet B.
“I don’t even think I want to have kids,” says Amy, 22, about looking to the future, “Given everything that is happening with climate change, it just feels so irresponsible.”
Climate change has been so inefficiently dealt with by governments that the outlook for planetary survival is a grim view. This is, of course, just the latest in a groaning line of issues plaguing Gen Z: it’s hard to deny the impact of growing up in the shadow of 9/11, of the credit and housing crisis, of austerity and inequality. Gen Z are - famously - the first generation to be worse off than their parents.
“I feel like Gen Z and millennials occupy a really interesting place in politics,” says Nogia, 20 “- we’ve only known austerity, we’ve only know casual work, we’ve only know life long sentences of debt for getting an education and we’re living in an age of populism and hatred in politics.” | <urn:uuid:f0fe5147-09b6-4ecc-b56e-4e0144a7c9d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/gen-z-least-confident-generation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.95658 | 722 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Online tobacco cessation training &competency assessment for CAM practitioners Abstract Despite decades of public health efforts tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death in the US. As a significant and increasing proportion of the US population utilizes complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), CAM practitioners are a critical part of the US health system. Yet these practitioners have been largely left out of the nation's public health agenda promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors. To address this gap in public health policy, University of Arizona researchers have developed an in-person tobacco cessation BI training and office system intervention specially tailored for the unique needs of acupuncturists, chiropractors, and massage therapists (CAM practitioners) as part of the current NCI-funded CAM Reach Project (CAMR). The long-term goal of CAMR is to help all chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists to integrate recommendations from the PHS tobacco dependence treatment guideline into their routine practice. This ambitious goal will be more feasible with development of cessation training programs, tailored for CAM practitioners, which are accessible, acceptable, and scalable. Web-based training has clear potential to meet large-scale training dissemination needs. However, despite the exploding use of web-based training for health professionals, web-based evaluation of clinical skills competency is still under developed. To realize CAM practitioners'potential to promote tobacco cessation and use of guideline-based treatment, there is a need to know more about the facilitative and inhibitory factors influencing CAM practitioner tobacco intervention behaviors, e.g. social influence and insurance reimbursement. Insurance reimbursement for tobacco cessation BI services is now widely available for conventional medical practitioners, but this is not the case for CAM practitioners affiliated with insurers. Given marked differences between conventional and CAM practitioners, extant knowledge about factors influencing conventional practitioner adoption of tobacco cessation behaviors cannot be confidently extrapolated to CAM practitioners. Thus, in preparation for a larger dissemination trial to examine the effect of trainng and reimbursement on CAM practitioner cessation practices, the Specific Aims of this developmental proposal are to: 1) Adapt an existing in-person tobacco cessation brief intervention training program that is specifically tailored for chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists for delivery via Internet, 2) Develop a novel, web-based tool to assess CAM practitioner competence in tobacco cessation BI skills, and conduct a pilot validation study comparing the competency assessment tool to live video role plays with a standardized patient, 3) Pilot test the web-based CAMR training with 120 CAM practitioners (40 acupuncturists, 40 chiropractors, 40 massage therapists) for usability, accessibility, acceptability and effects on practitioner knowledge, self-efficacy, and competency with tobacco cessation;and 4) Conduct mixed methods formative research on factors influencing practitioner tobacco cessation behaviors, focusing on, practice environment, peer social influence, and insurance reimbursement.
Practitioners of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) are an increasingly important source of health care for the US population, including tobacco users. There is a pressing need for easily accessible and scalable tobacco intervention training that is tailored for the unique needs of CAM practitioners. This project would increase CAM practitioners'ability to help tobacco users engage in guideline based tobacco treatment - a critical public health need. | <urn:uuid:26331e19-0981-40cc-acc3-53be85d372e7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R21-CA175450-02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00218-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905545 | 661 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Robert Strauss, a former chair of the Democratic Party and longtime fixture in American politics, has died, NBC News confirmed.
Strauss’ law firm announced his death in an email Wednesday. He was 95.
Strauss was born in 1918 in Texas, where he graduated from the University of Texas law school. He went on to serve as a special agent in the FBI and helped found a law firm, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP.
He remained a figure in U.S. politics and diplomacy for decades and was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1973 to 1976. He was an integral part of President Jimmy Carter’s presidential campaigns in 1976 and 1980, and served as the trade representative to the Middle East peace negotiations during the Carter administration.
Under President George H.W. Bush, Strauss was the final ambassador to the Soviet Union — and then the first envoy to the Russian Federation after the fall of communism.
Strauss advised political leaders on both sides of the aisle, including President Ronald Reagan. In a statement Wednesday evening, former First Lady Nancy Reagan said Strauss was one of her “closest friends.”
“People ask me how I could be acquainted with him since he was such a staunch Democrat. My answer was always quick and firm — it didn’t matter to him what political party I belonged to and it certainly didn’t matter to me which political convention he attended. He served this country with great distinction,” Reagan said.
The Associated Press contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:51987dda-c2e7-4083-8186-835cd8dec4cd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/strauss-former-head-democratic-party-dead-95-n57261 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00031-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983685 | 317 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Shell boss warns energy may need to be rationed this winter as Russia chokes off gas supplies
The boss of Shell has warned that energy may need to be rationed in the UK and Europe this winter as Russia chokes off gas supplies.
Ben van Beurden predicted a ‘tough winter’ as Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine prompted a scramble by European nations to store up natural gas for the colder months ahead.
That has pushed up prices for consumers and businesses, exacerbating a cost of living crisis.
Warning: Shell boss Ben van Beurden predicted a 'tough winter' as Putin's invasion of Ukraine prompted a scramble by European nations to store up natural gas for the colder months ahead
The Nord Stream 1 gas pipeline from Russia to western Europe is closed for maintenance for ten days.
If, as some fear, it does not reopen, the EU may struggle to meet its target for having 80 per cent of its storage capacity filled by November 1. Stocks are at 62.6 per cent full.
Van Beurden told an industry conference in Oxford: ‘It will be a really tough winter in Europe.
‘Some countries will fare better than others but we will all be facing a very significant escalation in energy prices.’
He said that in the worst case, the UK and Europe will need to ration its energy consumption.
Mainland Europe has typically relied on Russia for 40 per cent of its gas needs and, though it is aiming to wean itself off those supplies over the coming years it is still heavily dependent on them.
The UK uses much less – Russian imports made up just 4 per cent of gas usage in 2021.
But it is not immune to the crisis as it is still exposed to the disruption in energy markets that have pushed gas and oil prices sharply higher since the start of the war.
Regulator Ofgem has already hiked its energy price cap this year and is on course to do so again in October.
Elsewhere, French president Emmanuel Macron has warned citizens to prepare for street lights to be switched off to save energy if Russia turns off its gas taps.
French president Emmanuel Macron (pictured Thursday during a Bastille Day parade in Paris) has warned citizens to prepare for street lights to be switched off to save energy if Russia turns off its gas taps
In a Bastille Day speech yesterday, Mr Macron said: ‘The summer, early autumn will be very hard. Russia is using energy, like it is using food, as a weapon of war. We should prepare ourselves for the scenario where we have to go without all Russian gas.’
He said the plan to conserve energy would start with turning off public lights at night.
Yesterday Germans were warned their monthly gas bills will triple next year due to the impact of the war. | <urn:uuid:48cff35f-7377-422e-a9dd-a8769f1b9f57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/markets/article-11014783/Shell-boss-warns-grim-winter-ahead-Russia-cuts-gas-supplies.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.958716 | 575 | 1.828125 | 2 |
By Lea Wee
Yet the problem of food allergy is not being taken seriously here. The Health Ministry has come up with a set of guidelines to address the problem
Amy Tan, 11, was diagnosed with a peanut allergy when she was six months old. But it was not until she was five that her mother realised how serious this could be.
The 48-year-old housewife, who wanted to be known only as Mrs Tan, recalled: 'We were at a birthday barbecue and she suddenly came up to me, complaining of chest pain. Then she started wheezing and was breathless.'
Mrs Tan and her husband bundled Amy into a cab and headed first for a clinic, but redirected the cab to a hospital when she became drowsy 10minutes later.
There, they were told that Amy was having a severe allergic reaction called anaphylaxis, probably triggered by peanut traces in the barbecued food, which could have killed her.
Since then, Mrs Tan said she has always carried an instant antidote called an Epipen (Picture 5), which can be used to inject a shot of epinephrine, commonly called adrenaline. Thankfully, there has not been a need to use it so far.
The Tans' initial lack of awareness of the seriousness of their child's food allergy is not unusual. Not enough people, including doctors, realise how serious a food allergy can be, said Dr Lee Bee Wah, who chaired a group of allergy experts to draft the first Ministry of Health (MOH) guidelines on managing food allergy for doctors last June.
The group also came up with a patient's guide to address what it sees as 'the trivialising of true food allergy', a leading cause of anaphylaxis in Singapore.
The patient's guide shows how one can recognise the symptoms of an anaphylactic attack, what to do during an attack and how to use an Epipen to revive a person in an emergency. The ministry's guidelines advise doctors on when to prescribe self-injectable epinephrine.
Anaphylaxis can be triggered in a person with a food allergy when he is exposed to the problem food. In severe cases, he can become breathless, lose consciousness or even die. An Epipen acts within seconds to improve breathing and bring up the blood pressure while the ambulance is on its way.
The MOH guidelines are timely. A recent study by the National University Hospital found that fewer than one out of every 10 Singapore children with a peanut or tree nut allergy is prescribed an Epipen. Tree nuts include cashews and walnuts but not coconuts. Nut allergies are common causes of food-induced anaphylaxis worldwide.
In contrast, more than six out of every 10 expatriate children in Singapore with the same allergies are given a prescription.
One possible reason is because peanut or tree nut allergies are more common in the expatriate population than in Singaporean children. But more worryingly, it could also be that doctors here are under-prescribing the Epipen, or that parents do not want one because they find them unnecessary or costly, said Associate Professor Lynette Shek, who authored the study. An Epipen costs around $150.
Expatriate children are either prescribed the Epipen overseas or, if diagnosed here, have parents who are more open to the prescription.
The MOH guidelines advise doctors to prescribe self-injectable epinephrine to people who have had a previous life-threatening anaphylactic reaction. They should also prescribe it to patients who have a severe peanut or tree nut allergy even if they have not had a previous life-threatening experience, especially when they also suffer from asthma.
The MOH guidelines were drafted against the backdrop of rising food allergies in the West. Some believe it is the next epidemic in allergies, after asthma between the 1960s and 1990s.
In the West, 6 to 8 per cent of a population have food allergies. The rise of peanut allergy has been the most rapid, doubling in countries like the United States, where about 150 people die every year of food-induced anaphylaxis.
It is unclear why food allergies are on the rise in the West, but some theorise it is because of previous guidelines which encouraged parents to avoid introducing allergenic foods to babies, which then had the unintended effect of sensitising the infants to these foods. It is unclear why the rise of peanut allergy has been the most rapid.
There were no such guidelines in Singapore but it was not uncommon for doctors and parents here to follow what the Western experts say. The concern is that Singapore might not be spared from the rising trend of food allergies. Physicians say they are seeing more children with food allergies but are unable to give exact figures.
A recent survey shows that the KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH) sees one to two cases of food-induced allergy attacks every month.
While deaths have not been reported here, consultant paediatrician at Mount Elizabeth Hospital, Dr Liew Woei Kang, warns that if there is truly a rise in food allergy cases here, we can expect 'accidents to happen', especially when there is little public awareness of the condition here.
There is only one support group for Singaporean parents whose children have food allergies but the group rarely has any activities.
Some schoolteachers have told parents that in an emergency, they are not comfortable with administering an Epipen, as they are 'not medically trained'.
Restaurants and supermarkets here do not take the problem seriously and can be minefields for children with food allergies.
Expatriate lawyer, Mrs Asa Tucker, 43, whose two daughters, aged 11 and 12, are allergic to peanuts, finds it more stressful to dine out and buy food here compared to the United States, where she used to live.
Restaurants serve desserts with peanuts in them, even when she asks them not to, and food products sometimes come with no ingredient lists. In the US, it is compulsory for food manufacturers to list the ingredients in their products.
Ironically, the low awareness of food allergy here has led to the rise in falsely diagnosed allergies, largely due to a proliferation of unproven tests. This is addressed in the MOH's guidelines.
There are at least five unproven tests used by doctors, nutritionists and laboratories, which do not test for immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that are typically associated with allergies.
The danger of such tests is that a person can end up being wrongly diagnosed with a food allergy. This could lead him to miss out on important nutrients if he avoids certain foods. Said Dr Lee: 'In children, it could prevent them from reaching their optimal growth and development.'
The MOH guidelines recommend the skin prick test or a a food-specific IgE blood test to find out if a person is allergic to a specific food.
If these tests are negative, but the child still shows signs of a food allergy, he may undergo other tests.
This could be an elimination diet, where the suspect allergenic foods are removed from the diet for a few weeks and then added back to the diet one at a time. It could also be the gold standard food challenge test, where a small amount of the problem food is introduced to the child under close medical supervision.
The over-diagnosis of food allergy is not just a problem in Singapore.
Said Dr Lee: 'People tend to blame their symptoms on the food they eat. It is a global tendency.'
Shellfish a common cause of food allergy here
The most common cause of food allergies in teenagers here is shellfish - mostly shrimp and crab. Shellfish allergy affects as many as five out of every 100 teenagers, according to a study by the National University Hospital (NUH).
In comparison, fewer than one out of every 100 teenagers here has a peanut allergy.
The researchers suspect the unexpectedly high rate of shellfish allergy is connected to the high rate of allergy to dust mites here.
Senior consultant paediatrician Lynette Shek, who authored the study, said: 'Shellfish and dust mites share the same protein, tropomyosin. Hence, a person who is allergic to this protein in dust mites may also develop a hypersensitivity to the same protein found in shellfish.'
She plans to embark on another study to test this theory. Dust mites are common in hot humid climates.
Said to be the largest study on food allergy in South-east Asia, the NUH study polled more than 23,000 local and expatriate children in Singapore and the Philippines aged between four and six, and between 14 and 16.
The older children have a higher incidence of shellfish allergy (about 5per cent) compared to the younger ones (about 1 per cent).
The group embarked on the study on shellfish, peanut and tree nut allergies to see if the trends in the two Asian countries would mirror those in the West.
These allergies tend to last through life, unlike say, egg, cow's milk or soya bean allergies, which children often outgrow.
Prof Shek said: 'There has been a substantial increase in peanut and tree nut allergies in the West over the last two decades. But we had the impression these are not as common in the East.'
The children completed a structured questionnaire between August 2007 and February 2008. The findings confirmed the researchers' beliefs - with one exception.
Expatriate children, whether Asian or white, who were born in the West, had a higher rate of peanut or tree nut allergy (about 1.2 per cent), compared to children in Singapore and the Philippines (0.5 per cent). The figure for expatriate children was closer to those of countries in the Western hemisphere.
Another study author, Dr Lee Bee Wah, a consultant paediatrician at Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, said: 'This suggests that the kind of food allergy a child develops may depend on the environment he is born into, including the food he is exposed to in his early years.'
There is some speculation that children born in the West are more likely to develop a peanut allergy as previous guidelines encouraged mothers to avoid peanuts during pregnancy and breastfeeding and to delay introducing them to their infants.
Although peanut allergy is still uncommon here, another study by Dr Liew Woei Kang, a visiting consultant paediatrician at KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), found it had overtaken bird's nest as the top cause of food-induced anaphylaxis at KKH.
Between 2005 and last year, severe allergic reactions to peanuts made up 14 out of 73 cases of food-induced anaphylactic shock. Shellfish and bird's nest each accounted for nine cases.
The NUH study, published last year in the American Journal Of Allergy And Clinical Immunology, confirmed what other studies have found: the kind of food allergy a person develops may depend on his ethnicity.
The risk of tree nut allergy in Indians here and the risk of peanut allergy in Malays here is four times higher than that of ethnic Chinese. Malays and Indians also have a higher incidence of other allergic conditions such as asthma, said Dr Lee.
It is not known why this is so, she said, but this much is known: 'Having an allergic condition predisposes people to developing a food allergy.'
Madam Farah Dilah, 36, a housewife, found out that her two-year-old daughter, Nur Iffah Nasarudin, was allergic to shellfish and eggs last year. The girl was diagnosed with eczema and given a skin prick test for other allergies.
She said: 'It was lucky we found out before we exposed her to any of those foods. She could have had a severe attack.'
Food allergy myths and facts
MYTH My child has diarrhoea every time he drinks cow's milk. He must be allergic to it.
FACT The child may not necessarily be allergic to the milk. He may only be intolerant to it.
Food allergy happens when the immune system overreacts to a harmless food protein and produces antibodies, usually immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, to fight it.
Upon repeated exposure to a small amount of the problem food, the IgE antibodies can trigger mild symptoms such as itching, hives, vomiting and diarrhoea. Or it can trigger a more serious reaction called anaphylaxis which constricts the airway, and causes blood pressure to drop or even death.
Food intolerance does not usually involve the immune system and is rarely life-threatening, although it can cause abdominal cramps, bloating and diarrhoea. Diarrhoea may happen after drinking milk because of lactose intolerance or trouble digesting the milk sugar lactose.
MYTH Frying destroys the allergen in food and makes it safe to eat.
FACT The food proteins in allergenic foods such as eggs, milk, peanuts, tree nuts and shellfish do not break down easily when exposed to heat or to the acid in our stomachs.
But these proteins can undergo molecular changes which make them less allergenic. For instance, boiling peanuts tend to make them less allergenic compared to roasting them.
MYTH A mixed dish, for example, a salad with peanuts, is safe to eat after the allergen, the peanut, has been removed.
FACT Traces of the peanut would still be left in the salad which could cause a reaction.
In people who are highly allergic, that is, who have very high levels of IgE antibodies, all it takes is a trace amount of the substance, which could be invisible to the eye, to trigger a severe allergic reaction.
MYTH If I am allergic to peanuts, I should not take soya beans and green beans too, as they are all from the bean or legume family.
FACT People with a peanut allergy can tolerate other beans 95 per cent of the time. However, three out of every 10 people with peanut allergy are also allergic to tree nuts, such as almonds, walnuts and cashews, and are advised to avoid them.
MYTH Food allergy is for life.
FACT Most children outgrow their food allergies by the age of 10, with the exception of those who are allergic to peanuts, tree nuts and shellfish. Only two out of every 10 children will outgrow these allergies.
MYTH A child with egg allergy cannot be vaccinated.
FACT The measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, which has minute amounts of egg protein, can be given safely to a child with egg allergy.
But if he has had a severe reaction to eggs, he should avoid the flu vaccine, which is made using a higher amount of egg protein.
MYTH Eczema is caused by food allergy.
FACT Most cases of eczema are not caused by food allergy. However, food allergies may trigger or cause persistent eczema in infants and children. Food allergies are seldom associated with adult eczema.
Source: Dr Liew Woei Kang, a visiting consultant paediatric allergist and immunologist at Mount Elizabeth Hospital
- Read food labels for ingredients. If in doubt, do not let your child eat the food.
- Learn the alternative names for the allergen.
For example, peanut oil is also known as arachis oil and can be found in salad dressings and even dog food. Get to know scientific names such as casein and whey, which stand for cow's milk, and ovalbumin for chicken egg.
- Teach your child to read food labels when he is old enough so that he will learn to look out for the allergens himself.
- Ask what the ingredients are when dining out.
- Get the help of your doctor to create an emergency plan.
This can act as a guide to the use of emergency medicines like antihistamines and an adrenaline auto-injector such as an Epipen in an emergency.
The plan should include information on the hospital closest to home and school as well as the role of family members, school teachers and all carers in an emergency.
- Let your child wear a medical alert card, bracelet or pendant when he eats out alone.
If he has an allergic reaction and is unable to speak, people will know he has a food allergy.
- Carry an Epipen if it has been prescribed.
Source: Dr Liew Woei Kang, a visiting consultant paediatric allergist and immunologist at Mount Elizabeth Hospital
For more information on where to go for egg, dairy or nut-free food in Singapore or how to make these dishes yourself, visit www.sneezywheezy.com. The website was set up by two expatriate mothers here.
This is triggered when a person with a food allergy is exposed to the problem food.
Within seconds, he can develop symptoms such as breathing difficulties or a sudden drop in blood pressure. This can lead to death.
TRUE FOOD ALLERGY
The immune system overreacts to a harmless food protein and a small amount may trigger a serious allergic reaction.
Problems with digestion (abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea), skin (hives or welts), breathing, or feeling faint.
In serious cases, it can kill a person.
FALSE FOOD ALLERGY
The immune system is not involved. The person can eat small amounts of the food without any serious reaction. Problems with digestion (cramps, bloating and diarrhoea). These can be caused by lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome,or sensitivity to food additives. | <urn:uuid:63c98194-9bad-4c7a-b9e8-8c70df477b18> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.nuh.com.sg/news/media-articles_1730.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00411-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961583 | 3,677 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Mark Trachtenberg and Christina Crozier from the Houston office of Haynes & Boone, L.L.P. recently published an interesting and useful article entitled “Arbitration-Related Litigation in Texas,” (29 Corporate Counsel Rev. 1 (2010)). The article discusses the effect of governing law on arbitration-related litigation, pre-arbitration litigation and post-arbitration litigation in the State of Texas. Here is an excerpt:
Congress intended for arbitration to be a faster, less expensive alternative to litigation. Businesses frequently include arbitration clauses in their contracts in an attempt to avoid the time and costs associated with the traditional court system. But judging from the steady stream of arbitration-related decisions emanating from state and federal courts in recent years, even the most “air-tight” arbitration clause cannot guarantee that disputes will be resolved without judicial intervention.
Courts typically deal with arbitration-related disputes in two circumstances. First, when a party to a contract with an arbitration clause resists arbitrating a dispute, the contracting parties often litigate the enforceability and scope of the arbitration clause before any arbitration proceeding begins (referred to herein as “pre-arbitration litigation”). Second, after an arbitration panel renders its decision and issues an award, parties frequently turn to the courts in an effort to confirm, modify, or vacate the arbitral award (referred to herein as “post-arbitration litigation”).
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of arbitration-related litigation in Texas and offers guidance for handling an arbitration-related dispute in the court system…
The full article may be read here. | <urn:uuid:d106407a-fe5a-4e11-ad1a-5e42ba8d83a5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.disputingblog.com/article-arbitration-related-litigation-in-texas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00459-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924942 | 340 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Arraignment is the putting of charges to the accused person so that he can plead to them. If two or more accused are being tried together, each one must be called upon personally to plead to the charges.
It is not necessary for the charge to be read to the accused if the judge or magistrate is satisfied that the accused has read it and understands it. Nor need the charge be read verbatim to the accused, so long as the judge or magistrate satisfies himself that the accused knows exactly what he is required to plead to.
The accused must make his plea freely and voluntarily and without having been influenced to do so by assaults or threats of violence. If the accused pleads guilty because he has been threatened with a more severe sentence should he plead not guilty, it is not a proper plea.
When a charge is put to the accused, he is required to plead, or answer, to it “instantly”. He must plead to it personally, and his legal practitioner should not tender a plea on his behalf unless it is confirmed by the accused. If the accused is a company or other corporate body, the director or employee representing the company or corporate body will plead on the accused’s behalf — though a plea of guilty will not be valid unless the company or corporate body has authorised it.
If the accused person refuses to plead at all, a plea of not guilty may be entered.
The accused may refuse to plead to a charge on the ground that he has not been served with a copy of the indictment or summons. A conviction will be set aside if the accused is arraigned on a serious charge without being given sufficient notice to prepare his defence or seek legal representation – though this will not apply if the trial is then adjourned to give the accused time to do so.
Objections to a charge (apart from the example noted above) take the form of exceptions or motions to quash.
An exception is an objection to the charge, usually on the ground that it discloses no crime.
A motion to quash is raised when the charge lacks particularity so as to prejudice or embarrass the accused in his defence.
Motions to quash are made only against indictments in the High Court; all objections to a charge in a magistrates court are brought by way of exception. An accused can except to the charge and plead to it at the same time, and in that event the court has a discretion whether to dispose of the exception before evidence is led or after. But generally, objections to a charge or indictment must be taken before the accused person has pleaded, not afterwards, and if he has already pleaded, he cannot object to the charge and the trial must proceed — though he can raise the objection at the end of the trial as a reason for acquittal.
Before excepting to a charge or applying to have the charge quashed, and before tendering any plea other than guilty or not guilty, the accused must give reasonable notice to the Prosecutor-General or his representative, or to the public prosecutor if the trial is in a magistrates court. The Prosecutor-General or the prosecutor may however waive notice, and the court may dispense with the requirement of notice on good cause shown.
The various pleas that may be tendered by an accused person are set out in section 180(2) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act. They are as follows:
By pleading not guilty, an accused person is regarded as having demanded the trial of the questions involved, and that the prosecution should be put to the proof of its allegations against him. Note that it is not necessarily a statement by the accused person that he did not commit the crime; it is really a challenge to the prosecution to prove its case if it can.
A plea of guilty to the charge is an admission of all the material facts stated in the charge. After a plea of guilty there is no issue between him and the State.
The accused may, however, tender a plea of guilty to a lesser crime than the one charged: for example, an accused charged with murder may tender a plea of guilty to culpable homicide. The prosecutor (not the court) then has a discretion whether or not to accept the lesser plea. The same applies where the accused pleads guilty to an alternative charge. If the prosecutor accepts the plea it is not competent for the court to convict the accused of the more serious crime that was charged. If, on the other hand, the prosecutor does not accept it, then a plea of not guilty is entered and the trial goes ahead as if the accused had pleaded not guilty — but the plea is regarded as an admission by the accused of the facts that go to make up the lesser crime. For example, if the accused is charged with murder and tenders a plea to culpable homicide, which plea is not accepted by the prosecutor, then at the subsequent trial the accused will be regarded as having admitted that he unlawfully caused the death of the deceased person.
Note that if, after pleading not guilty, an accused person during the trial tenders a plea of guilty to a lesser crime the prosecutor cannot accept the plea except with the leave of the court since once he has pleaded the case is in the hands of the court.
Procedure on plea of guilty
In the High Court, it is competent for the court to convict an accused person on his plea of guilty without hearing any evidence. This does not, however, apply to a charge of murder. In such a case, a plea of not guilty is entered as a matter of course and the trial proceeds as if that had been the accused person’s plea, though any admission he may have made with his plea is taken into account. Oral evidence must be led, and it is not sufficient for the trial to be based solely on admissions of fact.
In a magistrates court, if the accused person pleads guilty to the crime charged, or if he pleads guilty to any other crime of which he could be convicted on the charge sheet and the prosecutor accepts the plea of guilty to that other crime, the procedure to be followed depends on whether the crime to which the accused has pleaded is a petty one or is more serious. This procedure is set out in section 271(2) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Petty Crimes: If the court considers that the crime merits nothing more than a fine of level 3, it may adopt the procedure set out in section 271(2)(a) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act and without further ado convict the accused of the crime to which he has pleaded guilty and impose a fine of level 3 or less. The court may also impose any additional punishment that is required by law — for example, a prohibition from driving, in the case of a driving crime, or forfeiture of an article used in the commission of the crime — but it may not impose a sentence of imprisonment, even if it is wholly suspended.
This procedure should be adopted only for minor crimes, and the prosecutor should assist the court in deciding whether the crime is a minor one. If the prosecutor, in the light of the facts of the case, considers the crime is not minor, he should outline the facts and request the court to proceed in terms of section 271(2)(b) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act; the court must accede to this request. (Note, however, that the court is not obliged to follow the procedure under section 271(2)(a) merely because the prosecutor recommends it; the discretion to do so is vested in the court, not the prosecutor.)
More serious crimes: If the court considers the crime merits a more severe sentence, then the court must follow the procedure laid down in section 271(2)(b) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act:
1. Where the accused person is not legally represented:
- The magistrate must carefully explain the charge and the essential elements of the crime to the accused, and if the acts or omissions on which the charge is based are not readily apparent, the magistrate must get the prosecutor to state what they are.Failure to give this explanation will invalidate the conviction.
In particular, the magistrate should deal with the following aspects in his explanation:
- Specific intent, where the crime requires a specific intent.
- Knowledge, where the crime requires knowledge of a particular fact or circumstance (e.g. receiving stolen property knowing it to have been stolen).
- Realisation of real risk or possibility (constructive intention):it may be necessary to question the accused to establish whether he must have realised that there was a real risk or possibility that his conduct would have a particular result.
- Particulars of negligence:where the accused has pleaded guilty to a crime involving negligence, the particulars must be put to him.
- Possession:this is a difficult concept, because sometimes the crime requires more than mere detentio (i.e. physical possession).In such a case, the magistrate should explain what additional element (e.g. knowledge) is required.
- Unlawfulness:sometimes this concept needs to be explained, for example in cases of theft by finding, where the accused may have believed that the property he found was res derelicta and that he was entitled to keep it.In rape cases, the questioning must establish that the accused is admitting not merely sexual intercourse, but also that it was not consensual.If the statute under which the accused is charged specifies that the crime is committed if the act is done “without lawful excuse” or “without reasonable excuse”, the magistrate must ascertain that the accused admits that he had no such excuse.
- Special defences:if there are any special defences to a charge, these should be explained to the accused (e.g. it is a defence to the crime of sexual intercourse with a young person that the accused believed the young person was of or over the age of 16).
- Where the accused is liable to a mandatory minimum sentence unless special circumstances are shown, these should be pointed out to the accused and the meaning of “special circumstances” explained.
- Where there are competent verdicts on which the accused may be convicted, the court should advise the accused that he might be convicted of such a crime.
- The magistrate must record the explanation he gives the accused, together with any statement of acts or omissions given by the prosecutor.
- Having explained the charge and essential elements, the magistrate must ask the accused person if he understands the charge and the essential elements of the crime and if his plea of guilty is an admission of those elements and of the acts or omissions set out in the charge or stated by the prosecutor.
- The magistrate must record any reply the accused makes to the above enquiry.
Having done all that, the magistrate may convict the accused person on the strength of his plea of guilty.
2. Where the accused person is legally represented:
If the accused person is represented by a legal practitioner, the magistrate must still satisfy himself that the accused understands the charge and essential elements, but may rely on a statement to that effect by the accused’s legal practitioner.
Evidence and conviction
The magistrate may call on the prosecutor to present evidence on any aspect of the charge, both in regard to conviction and sentence. He may, for example, want to make sure before convicting the accused that the facts set out in the charge, and admitted by the accused, do not disclose an attempt rather than the substantive crime charged.
Having followed the above procedure, the magistrate is then entitled to convict the accused person of the crime to which he has pleaded.
If, however, the magistrate has any doubt that the accused person really is guilty of the crime to which he has pleaded, or is not satisfied that the accused has admitted all the essential elements of the crime or all the acts or omissions on which the charge is based, or if he is not satisfied that the accused has no valid defence to the charge, then in all those cases the magistrate must enter a plea of not guilty and require the prosecutor to proceed with the trial. Any admissions made by the accused up to that point, however, may be used in evidence at the trial.
After conviction, the court and the prosecutor may question the accused with regard to sentence, whether or not the accused elects to give evidence. There is no specific provision stating that his answers, or his failure to answer, may be used as evidence against him, but that is the implication of the provision.
An accused person is entitled to a fair trial, and the procedure laid down in section 271 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act must be seen in that context: a person’s trial cannot be said to have been fair if he did not fully understand the charge he was facing. Hence, even in cases where section 271(2)(b) does not apply — i.e. petty cases and cases heard in the High Court — judicial officers must ensure that the accused person’s plea is understandingly made.
A note on plea bargaining
If an accused person is legally represented, he may plead guilty on the basis of facts agreed to by his lawyer and the prosecutor and recorded in a statement of agreed facts. This will happen where, before the trial, the defence lawyer has negotiated the terms on which the accused is prepared to plead guilty. The statement of agreed facts will set out facts which the accused and his lawyer hope the court will find mitigating and justifying a more lenient sentence. Prosecutors should be careful not to agree to improbable facts or facts which are not justified by the evidence.
Where a plea of guilty has been negotiated in this way, the prosecutor or the defence lawyer will hand in the statement of agreed facts to the court after the accused has pleaded, and the judge or magistrate will impose sentence on the basis of those facts. However, the statement does not and cannot bind the judge or magistrate to impose a particular sentence, so when negotiating the plea the prosecutor cannot guarantee the sentence that the accused will receive.
In other countries plea bargaining, as it is called, is more institutionalised and does involve the courts. Plea bargaining began in the United States of America in the 1920s, when an increasing backlog of criminal cases made it imperative to find a way to deal with them quickly. In Federal courts in the USA there are two types of plea bargain: those that do not bind the court to impose any particular sentence (i.e. like the Zimbabwean system outlined above) and those that do bind the court. The US Supreme Court ruled in 1970 that plea bargaining was constitutional so long as the incentives to plead guilty were not so large or coercive as to overrule accused persons’ ability to act freely, and so long as the system was not used in such a manner as to give rise to a significant number of innocent people pleading guilty.
Plea bargaining is now so widespread in the United States that in 1980 only 19 per cent of defendants (i.e. accused persons) were tried on pleas of not guilty; now (2017) only 3 per cent are.
Plea bargaining has spread beyond the United States, and now some 66 countries round the world use it.
In South Africa plea bargaining is regulated by section 105A of the Criminal Procedure Act 1977 (No. 51 of 1977). Under that section prosecutors can negotiate plea bargains only with accused persons who are legally represented. They must also consult the police and, where it is reasonable to do so, allow victims or their representatives an opportunity to comment on the proposed terms of the bargain. Where a plea bargain has been agreed on, the prosecutor must inform the court before the accused has pleaded that it has been entered into and, if the court is satisfied that it was properly negotiated, the plea bargain is disclosed to the court. The court must then question the accused to make sure that he admits committing the crime and that he entered into the agreement freely and voluntarily, in his sound and sober senses and without undue influence. Then, if the court is satisfied that the accused is indeed guilty of the crime and that any agreement as to sentence is just, the court will proceed to sentence the accused in accordance with the agreement.
Advantages and disadvantages of plea bargaining
Plea bargaining allows criminal cases to be disposed of efficiently and speedily by giving accused persons an incentive to plead guilty. It may also afford them an opportunity to get out of prison quickly if they are in custody pending trial.
On the other hand, it can all too easily lead to innocent people being pressured into pleading guilty and serving sentences for crimes they did not commit. This may happen through prosecutors charging accused persons with multiple counts of serious crimes, sometimes with little evidence to back them up, in order to frighten the accused into pleading guilty to a less serious crime. In the USA, a study was conducted of 300 cases where accused persons had been convicted of serious crimes but later DNA evidence, not available at the time of their trials, showed that they were innocent. Of those 300, just over 30 of the accused had pleaded guilty. Another study showed that a quarter of persons convicted of murder but later cleared had falsely confessed to the crimes.
The accused may plead that he has already been acquitted or convicted of the crime with which he is being charged; such a plea is known respectively as autrefois acquit (previously acquitted) or autrefois convict (previously convicted). This plea gives effect to the rule, stated in section 70(1)(m) of the Constitution, that no one should be tried twice for the same crime (nemo debet bis vexari pro una et eadem causa). If the plea is successful, it effectively bars any further proceedings, so it must be adjudicated upon before the trial commences.
When the plea is raised, the court should determine the issues arising from it separately from the main issues at the trial, and should deliver a separate judgment on it.
For the plea to succeed, the accused must show that he was “in jeopardy” (i.e. in danger) at the previous trial of being convicted of the charge that he now faces, or a substantially similar charge, i.e. that he was previously tried, whether inside or outside Zimbabwe:
- on substantially the same charge;
- by a court of competent jurisdiction;and
- the conviction or acquittal was on the merits.
It is not enough for him to show that the charge in the previous trial was based on the same facts: he must have been in jeopardy of being convicted of the charge which he now faces. In all such cases, it is the substance and not the mere form of the charges that must be looked at: the question is whether the charges are substantially the same.
- Where a person is charged with murder and is acquitted of that charge, but is convicted of assault (a competent verdict on a charge of murder), he cannot subsequently be charged with culpable homicide in respect of the same victim.
- Where a person has been convicted or acquitted of attempted murder, on the other hand, he may be charged with murder or culpable homicide if his victim later dies as a result of the assault.
The requirement that the acquittal must have been on the merits means that the court, at the trial or on appeal, must have considered the merits of the case and not have acquitted the accused on a mere procedural technicality. Hence, where an accused had been convicted of murder, but his conviction was overturned on appeal on a technicality — that a deputy sheriff had sat with the jury while they deliberated — it was held that he could subsequently be tried again for the same murder. This was because the defect in the proceedings was so great as to render them a nullity ‒ no proper decision had been reached by the jury, so there had not been a conviction at all. Hence the accused had not been in jeopardy. On the other hand, where an interpreter who interpreted the evidence of three witnesses in a murder trial was not properly sworn, it was held that the defect was not so great as to nullify the trial so the accused could not be tried again for the same murder. If a prosecutor withdraws a charge after the accused has pleaded not guilty, the accused’s resultant acquittal would be on the merits even if no evidence has been led, because the accused was in jeopardy of being convicted; hence the accused could not be tried again on the same charge. It may seem strange that a person can be regarded as having been acquitted on the merits if no evidence has been led, but as was explained in S v Mthetwa 1970 (2) SA 310 (N), once an accused person has pleaded he is entitled to an acquittal, and it would be illogical if he could plead autrefois acquit if he was acquitted on the ground of insufficiency of evidence, but could not plead it if he was acquitted because no evidence at all had been led. On the other hand, if a prosecutor withdraws a charge before the accused has pleaded, the accused can be charged again with the same crime because until he has pleaded he is not in jeopardy of being convicted.
According to section 381 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act, if a conviction is set aside on appeal or review on the ground that the indictment or charge sheet is invalid or defective, or that there were technical irregularities or defects, or that the proceedings were a nullity, proceedings may be brought again in respect of the same crime. The same judicial officer must not, however, preside over the subsequent trial.
The onus of establishing that the earlier crime is the same or substantially similar to the crime with which the accused is currently charged, rests on the accused and must be done by producing the record of the previous trial, or a copy of the record, certified by the clerk or registrar of the court concerned, and by oral evidence that the accused is the same person as the accused in that trial. In raising the plea, however, all the accused has to say is that he was previously convicted or acquitted of the crime; only when he has raised the plea may he be required to establish the facts on which it is based by producing the record of the previous proceedings. In practice, particularly where the accused is not legally represented, the prosecutor is called on to look into whether or not the accused was previously convicted or acquitted.
The accused may plead that the court has no jurisdiction to try him, for example that the crime was committed outside the court’s area of jurisdiction or because the crime is not one which can be tried by the court. Other examples would be a claim of diplomatic immunity, i.e. that the accused is protected by diplomatic immunity from being tried by the court, or a claim of parliamentary privilege, i.e. that the charge against the accused arises from something that was said in Parliament which is protected by privilege.
As with a plea of autrefois acquit/convict, once a plea to the jurisdiction has been made the court must proceed to try the issues arising from the plea. The onus of showing that the court has jurisdiction rests with the prosecution.
If the accused does not raise the question of jurisdiction in a magistrates court, the fact that the court did not have territorial jurisdiction to try him does not affect the validity of the conviction. Conversely, however, it is not altogether clear from section 164 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act what happens if the accused successfully raises a plea to the jurisdiction of a magistrates court but does not request that he be tried by some proper court.
The accused may plead that he has been pardoned by the President for the crime charged. The onus here is on the accused to prove the pardon. Note, incidentally, that the effect of an amnesty is the same as that of a pardon: an amnesty is a pardon granted simultaneously to a number of people.
- Under section 267 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act [Chapter 9:07] an accomplice can be compelled to give evidence in a criminal trial and answer incriminating questions.If he answers all questions put to him fully to the satisfaction of the court (i.e. if he answers the questions truthfully) the court will discharge him from liability to prosecution for the crime to which he was an accomplice.The immunity has the effect of a pardon.There are certain requirements to be fulfilled before they can be given this immunity:
- The prosecutor must inform the court that the witness is, in his opinion, an accomplice;
- The accomplice must fully and to the satisfaction of the court answer all lawful questions put to him.
This is not one of the pleas mentioned in section 180 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
It should be pointed out, incidentally, that the evidence of unconvicted accomplices – i.e. accomplices who give evidence under section 267 – may not accorded much weight because of the suspicion that they are trying to exonerate themselves by putting all the blame on the accused persons against whom they are giving evidence. If therefore an accomplice is willing to give evidence against his fellows, it may be better for the prosecutor to have the accomplice tried and convicted separately, on a plea of guilty, and once the accomplice has been sentenced and, probably, given a lenient sentence, to call him to give evidence against the others.
The accused may plead that a court has ordered a permanent stay of the prosecution in terms of section 167A of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act [Chapter 9:07], or that he is entitled to such a stay on the ground of an unreasonable delay in bringing him to trial for the crime. In an earlier lecture we dealt with what amounts to an unreasonable delay.
The accused may plead that the prosecutor has no title to prosecute. The most likely use of this plea is in a private prosecution, where the accused challenges the right of the private person to bring the prosecution, but it may also be raised if the prosecutor has not been authorised by the Prosecutor-General to prosecute within the province or regional division where the trial is taking place.
This plea is not mentioned in section 180, but it is available to an accused person. It is that a criminal case on the same charge is pending in another court.
Section 183 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act states that if a person charged with criminal defamation wants to plead justification (i.e. truth and public interest), he must specially plead that defence. Since defamation is no longer a crime, section 183 falls away.
Any combination of pleas may be tendered, though a guilty plea may not be joined to any other plea.
If an accused person intends to tender a plea other than guilty or not guilty, he must give reasonable notice to the Prosecutor-General or his representative, if the trial is in the High Court, or to the public prosecutor, if the trial is in the magistrates court. The Prosecutor-General’s representative or the public prosecutor may waive the requirement of notice, or the court may dispense with it on good cause shown.
After pleading guilty, an accused may apply, whether before or after conviction, for his plea to be altered to one of not guilty. The accused need merely give a reasonable explanation for having pleaded guilty originally; he need not prove the explanation, and the court must allow him to change the plea unless the court is satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that the explanation is false. If the application is granted, the court will require the prosecutor to proceed with the case, but any admissions made by the accused before the alteration of his plea will stand as evidence in the trial.
An accused person can at any time during the trial alter a plea of not guilty to one of guilty. He may do this if he realises that his defence to the charge unlikely to succeed, and hopes to get the benefit of a lighter sentence by pleading guilty.
After sentence has been passed it is no longer possible for the trial court to alter an accused person’s plea because the court is now functus officio. The accused’s only recourse is to take the matter up on appeal or review.
Once an accused person has been called upon to plead to a charge, he is entitled to demand that he be acquitted or found guilty by the judge or magistrate before whom he has pleaded. There are exceptions, however:
- Where the accused has pleaded not guilty and no evidence has been led, the trial may be continued before another judge or magistrate.The same applies where the accused has pleaded guilty and no evidence has been led and no inquiry has been made in terms of section 271(2)(b) of the .
- Where the judge or magistrate recuses himself from the trial.
- Where a separation of trials takes place.
- Where, after evidence has been led, the judge or magistrate dies, retires, resigns or is dismissed.In the case of death or incapacity (other than temporary incapacity), the trial is a nullity and can be commenced afresh before another judicial officer.If a magistrate becomes ill and his incapacity is likely to last for a considerable time, the proceedings should be set aside on review so that they can be commenced afresh before another magistrate.In the event of retirement, resignation or dismissal the proceedings become abortive and lapse without their having to be set aside.
- Where the Prosecutor-General applies for a private prosecution to be stopped so that the State can prosecute the accused de novo.
- Where the accused is found to be mentally disordered.
S v Gwebu, S v Xaba 1968 (4) SA 783 (T).
Lansdown & Campbell S.A. Criminal Law & Procedure vol 5 p. 401.
Section 168 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
S v Nyandoro 1987 (2) ZLR 66 (S).
Section 385(3) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Section 182 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Section 168 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
S v Masilela 1990 (2) SACR 116 (T), cited in Geldenhuys & Joubert Criminal Procedure Handbook 10th ed p. 238.
Section 180(4) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Section 170 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
David & Ors v Van Niekerk NO & Anor 1958 (3) SA 82 (T).
Section 179 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Lansdown & Campbell S.A. Criminal Law & Procedure vol 5 p. 425.
Section 180(2)(a) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Reid Rowland Criminal Procedure in Zimbabwe p. 16-17. See also Lansdown & Campbell S.A. Criminal Procedure and Evidence vol 5 p. 418-9 for a discussion of plea bargaining.
R v Machingura 1944 SR 194.
Reid Rowland Criminal Procedure in Zimbabwe p. 16-18.
Lansdown & Campbell S.A. Criminal Law & Procedure vol 5 pp. 419 and 425.
Section 271(1) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
S v Nangani 1982 (1) ZLR 150 (S); S v Dehwe 1987 (2) ZLR 231 (S).
S v Nzuza 1963 (3) SA 631 (A).
A fine of level 3 is currently fixed at $60 (First Schedule to the Criminal Law Code, as substituted by the Finance Act, 2019 (No. 1 of 2019)).
S v Honde & Ors HB-27-91.
S v Sibanda 1989 (2) ZLR 329 (S).
S v Matimba 1989 (3) ZLR 173 (S).
S v Dube & Anor 1988 (2) ZLR 385 (S).
S v Bizwick 1987 (2) ZLR 83 (S), where the accused found a bicycle which he believed had been abandoned.
S v Dube & Anor 1988 (2) ZLR 385 (S).
Reid Rowland Criminal Procedure in Zimbabwe p. 17–8-9.
Section 271(3) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act. It is not enough simply to write “elements explained”. The elements that have been explained to the accused must be recorded: S v Sibanda 1989 (2) ZLR 329 (S).
Section 271(2)(b)(ii) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Section 271(2)(b), proviso, of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Section 271(4) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Section 272 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Section 271(5) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
S v Dube & Anor 1988 (2) ZLR 385 (S) and S v Chidawu 1998 (2) ZLR 76 (H) at 80.
They are agreements under rules 11(c)(1)(B) and 11(c)(1)(C) respectively of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.
In Brady v United States 397 US 742 (1970).
“A Deal You Can’t Refuse”, The Economist 17th November 2017.
Which means, of course, that the earlier proceedings must have been criminal rather than civil. If they were civil proceedings then the accused would have been in no danger of being convicted, even if the proceedings concerned the same subject-matter: S v Paragon Real Estate & Anor 2009 (1) ZLR 208 (H).
In S v Pokela 1968 (4) SA 702 (E), the accused was able to raise the plea on the ground that he had been tried and acquitted of a crime in Lesotho which was the equivalent of the one for which he was being tried in South Africa.
Lansdown & Campbell S.A. Criminal Law & Procedure vol 5 p. 437. Strictly, the requirement that the previous conviction must have been on the merits is superfluous, since a conviction can only be on the merits.
R v Manasewitz 1933 AD 165, 1934 AD 95.
S v Gabriel 1970 (2) RLR 251 (A).
S v Moodie 1962 (1) SA 587 (A).
S v Naidoo 1962 (4) SA 348 (A).
S v Ndou & Ors 1971 (1) SA 668 (A); S v Nhari 1984 (2) ZLR 69 (S).
Lansdown & Campbell S.A. Criminal Law and Procedure vol 5 p. 446.
Section 184 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
A claim that was unsuccessfully raised in the case of S v Penrose 1966 (1) SA 5 (N).
Note that members of Parliament cannot be brought before a court outside Harare, whether as a witness or as a party, in civil proceedings while Parliament is in session. This does not apply to criminal proceedings, however: sec 7 of the Privileges, Immunities and Powers of Parliament Act [Chapter 2:08].
S v Radebe 1945 AD 590.
Section 187 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
See Reid Rowland Criminal Procedure in Zimbabwe p. 16–21.
Madanhire & Anor v Attorney-General CCZ 2-2015.
Section 180(3) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Section 179 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
R v Difford 1937 AD 370; S v Matare 1993 (2) ZLR 88 (S); Attorney-General, Tvl v Botha 1994 (1) SA 306 (A); S v Dzvairo & Ors 2006 (1) ZLR 45 (H) at 57G; S v Chikwashira 2014 (2) ZLR 10 (H).
Section 272 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Section 180(6) of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
Section 180(6), proviso, of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act.
S v Makoni & Ors 1975 (2) RLR 75 (G).
Reid Rowland Criminal Procedure in Zimbabwe p. 28-6. Note, though, that judges who retire may continue to deal with part-heard cases: section 186(4) of the Constitution. | <urn:uuid:51968fca-d36a-48e0-aaf1-9c22746b8d8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://old.zimlii.org/content/17-pleas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.961723 | 7,510 | 2.375 | 2 |
Rose Quartz Yoni Egg
Yoni is a term from Sanskrit that symbolises the Hindu goddess Shakti. Shakti is the representation of female power and is considered the divine mother. According to tantric texts, yoni energy is the source of life. To balance the area of the pelvic floor, a yoni egg can be used. A yoni egg is a crystal egg that is inserted into the vagina. Exercises with the egg strengthen the pelvic floor and can bring more vitality and sensitivity. Also, using the egg can help prevent incontinence and generate sexual energy.
NB: Yoni eggs cannot be returned or exchanged for reasons of hygiene.
Qualities of Rose quartz
Rose quartz promotes gentleness, kindness and (self)love. It is a soothing stone when in (emotional) pain and supports you to open up and recover trust.(*)
Before using the egg for the first time, it is best to disinfect it by putting it in hot (almost boiling) water for about five minutes. Do not boil the egg since it may crack. The next time, you can clean the egg with mild soap and warm water. Do not forget to clean the little hole as well.
The egg is pierced so that you can put a string through it and easily remove it again. It is best to use floss (without menthol) for this purpose.
Space, time and privacy
Make sure you have a nice space with enough privacy at your disposal to be able to relax well. Also make sure that you have plenty of time to practise. If necessary, temper the egg with warm water.
How to use
Lie down on your bed in a relaxed position and briefly place the egg on your belly to warm it up to body temperature. Let your body get used to the egg by massaging the muscles around your vagina with it. This gets the circulation going and makes you relaxed. Then let the egg rest with the rounded side against your vaginal mouth. If all goes well, you will automatically feel the right moment to insert the egg. Do not push, as this will cause you to build up tension.
Do not exercise for too long at first. Ten to fifteen minutes is enough. You can simply continue doing daily things or start meditating but you can also do specific exercises with the egg.
Insert the Yoni egg lying down and now try to move the egg up and down by tilting your pelvis up and then down. Remember to keep breathing gently while doing this.
Do not use the yoni egg with:
- A bladder infection
- An IUD (then only use the egg without the string).
Do not worry if the string breaks. The egg can always get out by squatting, coughing or squeezing a little.
* This information has not been scientifically proven; it is based on experiences of users and therapists. Any healing properties outlined are in no way meant to replace diagnosis or treatment by a qualified therapist or physician. If in doubt about your health, consult a physician. | <urn:uuid:51f2a85b-6d99-493b-93c7-f482852b6de4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://solsticeshop.co.uk/products/rose-quartz-yoni-egg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.931258 | 648 | 1.945313 | 2 |
By Karl Rosengarth
A public-private coalition in the greater Philadelphia area is working to create a network of bicycle/pedestrian trails that, when connected, will be the nation’s most comprehensive metropolitan trail system.
Dubbed "The Circuit", the network will be formed by creating new trail segments that interconnect the 750 miles of trails that already exist, from southern New Jersey to central Pennsylvania. Not only a boon to bicycle commuters, The Circuit will also offer longer-distance recreational routes, and a connection to the East Coast Greenway—a developing traffic-free trail system between Canada and Key West, Florida.
Behind the effort is the 17-organization Circuit Coalition—a collaboration of foundations, governmental agencies, non-profits, and the private sector. To date, the Coalition has scored a $23.2 million TIGER grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation for trail construction, $5 million in federal stimulus funding for the Chester Valley Trail, and a $10 million grant from the William Penn Foundation toward trail construction and planning for dozens of trail projects throughout a nine-county region.
The Coalition recently launched a website that has maps and information on the trail network and allows users to share their favorite routes and to get involved in completing the trail network.Tweet Print | <urn:uuid:33ac8f36-3acf-485e-aad6-4576fee76170> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bicycletimesmag.com/philadelphia-planning-nations-largest-bike-trail-network/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00291-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923453 | 266 | 1.890625 | 2 |
The annual Point-In-Time (PIT) Homeless Count is a national effort undertaken once a year by professionals and volunteers to count those who are currently homeless in communities across the United States. The results provide a snapshot of persons encountered during the one-day count and are used to identify resources needed to address this important issue, make local funding decisions, study trends and increase awareness about those who don’t have shelter. The Impact ICT – Continuum of Care (CoC) conducts this survey in Wichita and Sedgwick County for one 24-hour period. It is coordinated by United Way of the Plains. The results are reported to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and published on their website. Shelter capacity numbers are not consistently collected or reported as part of the HUD PIT. Historical PIT results for Wichita-Sedgwick County are also posted on the area of the United Way of the Plains website devoted to this initiative.
When was this year’s count and what was different about it?
The nationwide PIT count is typically conducted during the last ten days of January. This year the count for Wichita-Sedgwick County was moved to Thursday, February 24, due to a COVID-19 spike in January.
Key facts in this year’s count
- In Wichita-Sedgwick County, 690 persons were identified as homeless (those living in emergency shelter, transitional housing, safe haven, or places not meant for human habitation such as in cars or on the streets).
- The number of homeless persons increased by 11.5 percent (N=71) when compared with 2020.
Note that an unsheltered count was not conducted in 2021 due to COVID-19 restrictions, so 2020 is the most recent year a full count was completed. Sheltered counts that year were impacted by the need to provide adequate social distancing, which reduced capacity.
- Of the 690 individuals identified as homeless, 124 or 18% were unsheltered, even though shelter beds were not at capacity during the time the count was conducted.
- 35 more gathering places/locations were visited and included than in past years.
- 844 previously homeless individuals were in housing on the night of the count through CoC-funded projects, the City of Wichita’s Homeless Preference Housing Choice Vouchers and the joint County-City housing project, Housing First.
What factors can influence the annual count?
- Fluctuating economic conditions
- Concerns unsheltered persons have about exposure to COVID-19 in enclosed areas
- Local and national increases in housing costs
- Improvements in count methodology, such as outreach to more locations
Who conducted the count?
The 2022 PIT Homeless Count was made possible by local housing and homeless providers, including the City of Wichita, Sedgwick County and other nonprofit agency volunteers. Community volunteers also participated, including students from Wichita State University. A total of 53 volunteers assisted with the survey interviews, data quality and logistics.
What is the IMPACT ICT CoC coalition?
Impact ICT – Continuum of Care (CoC) is a coalition of 238 people representing nonprofits; the faith community; federal, state, and local governments; businesses; and other community advocates. As part of their efforts to make homelessness rare, brief and nonrecurring, the coalition coordinates grant funding from HUD. Through a $2.8 million HUD grant, 14 homeless service programs are funded in Sedgwick County for 2022 – 2023. They include:
- Breakthrough Episcopal Social Services: Rapid Re-Housing Program
- Catholic Charities: Rapid Re-Housing Program
- HumanKind Ministries: Villa Central, Villa Courts and Villa North
- Mental Health Association of South Central Kansas: Dual Diagnosis Permanent Supportive Housing and Permanent Supportive Housing Consolidated
- Sedgwick County COMCARE: Shelter Plus Care Consolidated
- The Salvation Army: TH – RHH Program
- United Way of the Plains: Coordinated Entry – Domestic Violence Database, CoC Planning Project, Coordinated Entry – Homeless Management Information System and Coordinated Entry – SSO
- United Methodist Open Door: Family Rapid Re-Housing
2021 facts shared by IMPACT ICT – CoC:
- 2,752 individuals were served by Impact ICT – CoC members through emergency shelter, transitional housing, street outreach and housing services
- 1,128 individuals were housed or kept in housing
- The average days of homelessness per person was down to 70 days (down a full week since 2020)
Where can I learn more?
Check the United Way of the Plains website for an infographic and a detailed data sheet for the 2022 PIT count. | <urn:uuid:1e1b41ff-a180-4e64-92d6-798a9d512357> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://unitedwayplains.org/wichita-sedgwick-county-2022-point-in-time-homeless-count-data-released/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.959018 | 972 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Professionals have said claims that the UK is “ahead of the pack” in regards to climate change and clean energy are not true. A report published by the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit (ECIU) suggests the UK is behind some other EU member states in the fight against climate change. The ECIU report focuses on a number of measures needed for building a clean, energy secure, low carbon economy.
Richard Black, Director of ECIU, said: “This report reveals that the UK’s record is about average compared with other EU member states – we’re ahead of the pack on some measures, and behind in others.
“For example, we’re the fourth most advanced country in Europe in terms of how much renewable energy capacity we’ve installed per person in recent years, but only 21st of 28 countries if you look at the total amount we have on a per capita basis.
“The meme of UK exceptionalism is raising its head in the context of the Fifth Carbon Budget, with suggestions that we should reduce the pace of decarbonisation as we’re somehow ahead of our neighbours; but when you look across the piece, we’re not ahead, so the argument should logically go away.”
- Wrap Your Homes Up – Cold Snap to Hit Britain
- ‘Shared Society’ Must Work in Tandem With Charities – CAF Respond to PM’s Speech
- A Conscious Christmas Dinner: Just Less Than Half Of Brits Ate More Sustainably In 2016
- ‘UK Social Enterprises Ahead On Executive Pay And Governance’
- Charity-Owned Alternative To High-Cost Credit Performs Better Than Expected In First Year
ECIU compared EU countries on a ‘basket’ of seven measures of progress towards a clean energy economy. Reliance on any single measure – for example, per-capita emissions – does not provide an accurate indication of progress, as it can be hugely skewed by either historical or current factors.
The report finds that:
– The UK is broadly average across four of the chosen metrics, namely per capita carbon emissions, recent annual percentage per capita decrease in emissions in recent years (2009-2014), carbon intensity, and percentage of low-carbon energy in total energy use
– The UK performs badly on renewable energy per-capita compared with comparable large economies (UK, Germany, Italy, France and Spain) and with the entire 28 European Union countries (EU28), coming last out of that ‘Big Five’ and 21st overall
– The UK performs well on recent increases in per capita renewable energy capacity (2009-2014), coming second out of the ‘Big Five’ and fourth out of the EU28. It is also first of the Big Five in emission reductions since 1990, but only 8th overall.
The UK is also distinctly average on energy efficiency, although this was not included in the ‘basket’ of seven measures as it is difficult to derive a single value to represent efficiency across various sectors.
The entire EU28 shares the same long-term goal – a reduction of emissions by 80-95%, from a 1990 baseline, by 2050. Because this goal applies to all EU nations, it was not included in the analysis.
Dr Jonathan Marshall, ECIU’s Energy Analyst and an author on the report, said: “Each EU country has a different history – for example, France with its big nuclear sector, the UK with its ‘dash for gas’, the Baltic States emerging from the Soviet Union – so comparing their progress on a single measure can be really misleading.
“All are aiming in the same direction however, namely an efficient, clean, secure energy economy; and to get there by 2050 requires progress on a range of different measures.
“We think this ‘basket’ approach that we’re using here is the basis for a much more realistic comparison. On this basis, the UK is ahead on some measures and behind on others – overall, it’s about average.”
Twenty Conservative MPs recently called on David Cameron to adopt the CCC’s recommendation on the fifth carbon budget with no caveats, arguing that acceptance will cut the costs of decarbonisation and encourage businesses to invest in low-carbon infrastructure. However, 15 other MPs including 12 Conservatives have argued against its adoption ahead of agreement by European member states on ‘burden sharing’ of an EU-wide 2030 emissions reductions target.
Richard Benyon, Conservative MP for Newbury who sits on ECIU’s Advisory Board, said: “EU member states are all working towards the same long term goal, of cutting carbon emissions and building a low-carbon economy. This report shows that when you look at overall progress towards this ambition, the UK is far from being ‘ahead of the pack’ as some people claim that we are.
“In Britain, however, we benefit from carbon budgets, set by the Committee on Climate Change, which help successive governments work towards that goal in the most cost effective way possible.
“Early and full acceptance of the Committee on Climate Change’s recommendation on the fifth carbon budget, with no caveats, will give investors the confidence to invest in the low-carbon infrastructure we need, and so maintain this government’s excellent record of lower emissions combined with sustained economic growth.” | <urn:uuid:5e1a8a59-dba1-4c2a-b1e9-951fb3242751> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blueandgreentomorrow.com/uncategorized/uk-average-climate-change-clean-energy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00180-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941103 | 1,128 | 2.5 | 2 |
Dr. Lévesque’s intervention and research setting is the community. Her research approach is participatory. Over the past 15 years, she has mainly focused on physical activity intervention effectiveness evaluation from an ecological and holistic perspective. She is especially interested in enhancing the accessibility of physical activity opportunities for youth and has a keen interest in working with Indigenous communities to eliminate health disparities related to physical inactivity. Although most of her federally-funded research is in Canada, she also collaborates with researchers in Mexico and has had the opportunity to train Mexican students and researchers interested in physical activity promotion and obesity prevention.
No graduate student training opportunities available at this time.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). | <urn:uuid:6492dd81-40bc-457d-88f0-8d480a42cba8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.queensu.ca/skhs/faculty-and-staff/faculty/lucie-levesque | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00485-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962993 | 142 | 1.898438 | 2 |
The Secret Blogging Seminar is hosting the latest installment of the Carnival of Mathematics. They seem to have done a fair job of collecting links, with more (and more varied) entries than I remember seeing before. Enjoy.
John, I have appreciated your help in the past and I would like to get your insight into yet another question I have concerning linear algebra.
What is the relationship between the set of all linear transformations on a vector space over a field F of dimension n and the set of all nxn matrices with entries from the same field F. Clearly, it is not a one-to-one relation. There may be many, possibly an infinite number of matrices that can represent the same linear transformation with respect to different basis of the space. What exactly is the relation?
Thank you for your time,
Comment by Jonathan Grennberg |
December 11, 2007
When you’re dealing with -linear functions between free -modules (all vector spaces — modules over a field — are free), you can pick a basis for each of the domain and range as I discuss here. Once you do, then any such linear transformation can be written down uniquely as a matrix with respect to those bases, as I discuss in that link. Also, given a choice of bases any matrix corresponds to exactly one linear transformation.
But as you notice, there’s that choice of basis. Changing the basis of a free module is the same as applying an invertible linear transformation from that module to itself. That is, is the space of linear transformations from a rank module to a rank module. Then there is an action of the group (invertible matrices with entries in ) on the one side, and an action of on the other. What you’re really asking about is what the set of transformations looks like once we quotient out by these group actions.
And that’s where the story gets complicated. Over an algebraically closed field (like the complex numbers), the answer is contained in the Jordan normal form, which is a standard part of any good senior-level linear algebra course. It gives a canonical representative of each orbit of the group action. Beyond that it’s a huge mess. Sorry I can’t be more accurate.
This is mainly an expository blath, with occasional high-level excursions, humorous observations, rants, and musings. The main-line exposition should be accessible to the “Generally Interested Lay Audience”, as long as you trace the links back towards the basics. Check the sidebar for specific topics (under “Categories”).
I’m in the process of tweaking some aspects of the site to make it easier to refer back to older topics, so try to make the best of it for now. | <urn:uuid:724d49f2-f0b0-4fb8-98ac-b77df57f4129> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2007/12/02/another-carnival/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=39170bc4ce | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00511-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932939 | 582 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Save £27.36 (28%)
Dispatched within 3-4 working days.
Economic Integration, Democratization and National Security in East Asia
Shifting Paradigms in US, China and Taiwan Relations
The US policy of supporting a democratic Taiwan while simultaneously engaging China is a delicate and complex balance, with outcomes critical to economic, security and strategic interests in Asia. At the same time, rising Taiwanese identity amid the emerging power of China continues to change the paradigm. The contributors to this volume explore the political and economic dimensions of this complicated and pressing issue. Whether the US-China relationship evolves as one of 'strategic partners' or 'strategic competitors' will significantly affect power relations between Washington, Beijing and Taipei. More generally, it will set the tone for peace, stability and prosperity in the Asia Pacific. Peter Chow examines the potential crisis, as well as mitigating influences, by investigating political, economic and security considerations affecting cross-Taiwan Strait relations. He presents broad coverage of recent changes of policy in Taiwan, China and the US, with special emphasis on the adjustments of American policy on Taiwanese identity amid its democratization.
An overall evaluation of current US policies toward China based on 'realism' and 'idealism' illustrates the shifting US-China-Taiwan relations. This insightful treatment will be of great interest to students and scholars of international relations, political economy, foreign relations, Asian studies, political science and economics. Civic leaders and representatives of interest groups involved with US-China-Taiwan relations will find the volume of great value in their work.
New & Used
+ FREE UK P & P
What Reviewers Are Saying
'The book offers such significantly in-depth evidence of the tremendous complexities involved in PRC-ROC relations that scholars and policymakers alike will greatly appreciate its broader applicability to current comparative research on contemporary East Asia.' -- Lisa Fischler, East Asia Integration Studies 'Professor Chow has put together an excellent collection of papers analyzing some of the most important political and economic issues in East Asia. The focus is on Taiwan, but several chapters deal separately with the United States, China, North Korea, Japan, and the EU. This is a very useful publication for those interested in contemporary East Asia.' -- Thomas J. Bellows, The University of Texas at San Antonio, US and Editor, American Journal of Chinese Studies | <urn:uuid:97b32b42-78a5-4a25-bf62-7c78e76a6e14> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.booksetc.co.uk/books/view/economic-integration-democratization-and-national-security-in-east-asia-9781845429782 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00468-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902393 | 482 | 1.625 | 2 |
The following statement can be attributed to John Knight, LGBTQ & HIV Project Director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Illinois:
“Today, we celebrate President Biden’s executive order lifting the ban on transgender service members in the military. The President’s action reverses the cruel and arbitrary ban imposed by the previous administration nearly four years ago.
The facts are clear. The ban did not make our nation safer and it did not increase effectiveness or morale for our troops. Rather, it simply denied the opportunity to serve to new recruits as well as people who had been serving effectively for years and wanted nothing more than to continue doing their job to protect our country.
Time and again over the past four years, in courtrooms across the country, the lack of justification for this ban has been attested to by a range of experts on military preparedness. It was long past time to bring this cruelty to an end.” | <urn:uuid:d7246547-2c10-4631-aea8-163d387539ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aclu-il.org/en/news/aclu-illinois-celebrates-president-biden-lifting-military-ban-transgender-service-members | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.968042 | 190 | 1.554688 | 2 |
New Delhi, June 2021: Apeejay School, Pitampura welcomed its senior students after the summer break with a thought-provoking and insightful online workshop on the topic ‘PURPOSE: A key to achieve your goals, for sure’. Mrs. Veena Goel, Principal of the School, shared deep insights from her rich experience to mentor the young students to stay focused and avoid the distractions that lurk at every corner. Her message was also for the parents to listen to their children as friends and give them quality time.
The resource person, Mr. Lucky Puchhrat, motivational public speaker and a personal management expert, encouraged the students to apprehend and realise their untapped potential. He shared many meaningful tips and real-life examples to make the students understand how to create an extraordinary life for themselves. He rated good communication skills on the priority list of all students who wish to excel in today’s globally interconnected world. He also recommended good reading habits as a tool to learn important life lessons that can open our minds to new ideas. He inspired all with the statement - ‘Be in what you do’ i.e., give your best to every work which you do. “Life is never made unbearable by circumstances, but only by lack of meaning and purpose” - a quote by Victor Frank aptly summed up the essence of the workshop. The School is always on the lookout to provide the best resources to empower the students with 21st Century skills. | <urn:uuid:db8b18e6-f603-4cb3-bf13-e3b9059912ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.apeejay.edu/pitampura/recent-workshops/workshop-for-students | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.959556 | 305 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Emma Maguire, Lecturer in English and Creative Writing, James Cook University
The illegitimate child of a single mother, Dally-Watkins came from humble rural beginnings and found fame as a young model in 1950s Sydney. She turned this fame into a fortune, using her profile to start a chain of finishing and deportment schools for young women and, later, young men.
Dally-Watkins’ schools, which still operate today, taught catwalk strutting, posing for photographs, and make-up application. She taught models how to win beauty pageants and taught men how to court like gentlemen. And she made a lot of money doing it.
Dally-Watkins died earlier this week, and is being remembered as a strict yet charming teacher and a very successful businesswoman. The legacy of Dally-Watkins and what she symbolises as a successful and feminine woman presents an opportunity to think through some of the ways our culture both applauds and maligns women’s success.
Is self-branding the new deportment?Although today’s young women might be less interested in learning manners and etiquette, many continue to seek advice on presenting a polished, appealing image of themselves.
The YouTube beauty tutorial is one of the largest genres on the platform, and there are influencers who base their self-brand on advising viewers how to appear feminine and classy. 25-year-old YouTuber Alexandra Beth offers advice to her 3.44 million subscribers on subjects from “how to dress better” to “dating mistakes every girl makes”.
The mission behind Dally-Watkins’ schools is as relevant as ever: if you invest in yourself (by paying someone for advice) you can be a happier, more successful person.
Dally-Watkins recognised people overwhelmingly want to believe self-improvement is a means to improving their circumstances, and her schools sold this promise of social mobility.
Girlbossing has been coined to describe a way of presenting a professionally successful persona that highlights femininity.
June Dally-Watkins was undoubtedly a girlboss before girlbossing became a term. Self-made, ambitious, and feminine, she enforced rigorous grooming practices, using her own polished, perfect self as marketing for her schools.
The term girlboss was popularised by entrepreneur Sophia Amoruso, whose 2014 book #Girlboss was adapted into a (critically maligned) Netflix series in 2017. The girlboss has since become a powerful, if controversial, cultural icon.
They are lauded for their success in business and entrepreneurship, an arena notorious for its boys club culture that’s been hostile to women in the past.
At once revered and reviled, girlbosses have become fascinating case studies for gender dynamics and professional self-branding in contemporary culture.
The anti-feminist core of girlbossing
It’s important to remember that girlbossing isn’t feminism, it’s capitalism.
Girlboss rhetoric often works to propagate sexism, racism, and class elitism, among other forms of oppression.
Recent discussion of the film Bombshell, the story of female Fox News presenters who victoriously sued the channel’s former CEO Roger Ailes for workplace sexual harassment, is an illustrative example.
Although the film celebrates these women, critics suggest it is not necessarily smart to blindly celebrate such stories. And this is especially the case when women’s success, like that of Megyn Kelly and Gretchen Carlson, is built on politics or institutions that fuel social ills like misogyny and racism.
Girlboss rhetoric encourages women to “lean in” without addressing underlying disadvantages that make that project difficult. It is an individualised approach that sells women the myth that a will to self-improvement is all they need to succeed.
It’s important to note the feminist history here. Feminists made the ascension of the girlboss possible through fighting for the rights of women to enter the workplace. But “lean in” logic is a perversion of feminism. It takes the rhetoric of empowerment and deploys it in the service of oppression, suggesting an individual’s success is determined by her efforts alone.
Take Dally-Watkin’s first advertisement slogan for her deportment school in the early 1950s: “Every woman has a right to be beautiful”.
While the invitation appeals to the rights of women, the call to action reinforces a patriarchal mechanism of oppression: beauty standards.
Meeting beauty standards requires significant investments of time and money, which detracts from women’s ability to invest that time and money elsewhere. Beauty standards also reinforce the idea that women’s value is in their status as objects to be looked at.
This darker side of beauty and deportment is undeniably part of Dally-Watkins’ legacy.
Dally-Watkins’s passing this week is a sad event for her family and the many people whose lives she touched, her students not least among them. She sounds like a charismatic teacher, and was undoubtedly a fiercely successful businesswoman.
But alongside reflecting on her career, her legacy can teach us a lot about the rise of girlbosses, made possible by the work of feminist activists who fought for the rights of women to enter the workforce and generate their own income, and about the commercialisation of self-improvement.
– ref. Young women won’t be told how to behave, but is #girlboss just deportment by another name? – https://theconversation.com/young-women-wont-be-told-how-to-behave-but-is-girlboss-just-deportment-by-another-name-132351 | <urn:uuid:69fd313e-103d-468e-ba6f-b3b1f2f6a282> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eveningreport.nz/2020/02/26/young-women-wont-be-told-how-to-behave-but-is-girlboss-just-deportment-by-another-name-132351/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.959603 | 1,227 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Search: Advanced search
Please enter a keyword or ID
What are the RSPCA Approved Farming Scheme standards for turkeys?
The RSPCA Approved Farming Scheme Standards - Turkeys have been developed by RSPCA Australia to improve the welfare of turkeys on farm, during transport and at slaughter. The Standards cover various aspects of production including food and water, environment and housing, stocking density, management and health, catching, transport and slaughter in order to ensure good animal welfare outcomes for the birds throughout their lives.
The Standards are based on RSPCA policy, available scientific research, current legislation, codes of practice, standards and guidelines for animal welfare, veterinary and technical advice and current industry good practice.
For a turkey farm to become Approved under the RSPCA Approved Farming Scheme, an RSPCA Assessor must visit the farm to determine it is meeting the requirements of the Standards. Once Approved, the farm will receive regular visits from an Assessor (every 3 to 6 months) to ensure they are continually meeting the Standards and providing for the needs of the birds.
In Australia, turkeys are generally raised in large environmentally controlled sheds that may or may not provide access to an outdoor range area. Both indoor and outdoor production systems can be Approved under the Scheme as the RSPCA believes that either system, when managed accordingly, can provide for the behavioural and physiological needs of the birds. To learn more about the welfare issues associated with conventional turkey farming, please read the following article here.
Turkeys grown on an RSPCA Approved farm, transported and slaughtered in accordance with the Standards can then be marketed with the RSPCA logo. To find out where you can purchase RSPCA Approved chicken, visit our Shop Humane website.
Some of the requirements of the RSPCA turkeys standards are outlined below:
To learn more about the RSPCA Approved Farming Scheme or to download a copy of the Standards, please visit our website.
This website provides general information which must not be relied upon or regarded as a substitute for specific professional advice, including veterinary advice. We make no warranties that the website is accurate or suitable for a person's unique circumstances and provide the website on the basis that all persons accessing the website responsibly assess the relevance and accuracy of its content. | <urn:uuid:78f731bc-1c53-4155-ad83-cb3824d28021> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://kb.rspca.org.au/What-are-the-RSPCA-Approved-Farming-Scheme-standards-for-turkeys_430.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00020-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939287 | 472 | 2.125 | 2 |
Learn English Through Listening
If You Want To Understand English News This Is A Great Place To Start Ep 561
Today we look at some advanced English vocabulary. You know the sort of English words and phrases that turn up in newspaper and magazine articles? There is a common problem, where English language learners who understand most spoken and written English, find radio and TV news, newspapers and magazines hard to comprehend. If you want to understand the English news, this podcast English lesson is a great place to start.
English TV, Radio News Phrases That Everyone Should Be Able To Understand
✔Lesson transcript: https://adeptenglish.com/lessons/english-phrases-news-vocabulary/
So lets take an interesting newspaper article about uni students staying home because of the cost-of-living crisis in the UK. I will read out the article, identify any tricky phrases or idioms, explain the spelling and vocabulary in a full breakdown of the English used. Of course the newspaper article itself is interesting and worth listening to!
English Pronunciation Course Discount Code = HALFOFF
Listen & Learn English Consonants Pronunciation Course: https://adeptenglish.com/language-courses/listen-and-learn-english-consonants-pronunciation-course/
This lesson will help you level up your English comprehension so you can follow the news in English. We have lots and lots of other free English lessons focused on phrases, idioms and listening comprehension practice here on our adeptenglish.com website. We also have some outstanding English courses designed to help you with your English language learning to use exactly the same listen and learn method you will listen to today. So take a look here. You never know, it might be the push you needed to get your English fluency.
News is what somebody somewhere wants to suppress; all the rest is advertising.
⭐ Lord Northcliffe
This change in the type of English language used is because news and magazines writers often use idioms and phrases to imply a meaning or an idea to make content engaging. They need to entertain the reader/listeners to make money! It’s the type of English you avoid in everyday conversations, because you would sound very stuffy and formal, and you probably don’t want your audience to work too hard understanding what you are trying to communicate.
Learn more about our courses here: https://adeptenglish.com/language-courses/
Adept English is here to help with FREE English lessons and language courses that are unique, modern and deliver results. You can learn to speak English quickly using our specialised brain training. We get straight to the point of how you should learn to speak English. We teach you in a fun and simple way that delivers results. If you want to learn to speak English, our approach to learning through listening will improve your English fluency. | <urn:uuid:66d1e3d2-db22-493d-9e60-eec6c4f50f9f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blubrry.com/adeptenglish/88255866/if-you-want-to-understand-english-news-this-is-a-great-place-to-start-ep-561/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.90454 | 601 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Pre conference workshops Dementia & Quality of Life
Pre Conference Parallel Workshops in Applying Research to Practice
Workshops will be offered prior to the conference that will share recent scientific knowledge in specific areas of disability and highlight how such knowledge can be used in policy and practice. These workshops appeal to professionals working in disability services, health care, and education. Workshop leaders are internationally acclaimed scholars in their particular area of disability, and are sponsored by the Academy for Teaching, Learning and Research, a branch of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities (IASSIDD).
Topic: Dementia and Age-Related Decline in People with Lifelong Disabilities
Workshop Leaders: Matthew P. Janicki, Ron Luchino
Topic: Quality of Life Applications in Education & Families: Challenges and Solutions
Workshop Leaders: Rhonda Faragher & Nina Zuna
IASSIDD Academy preconference parallel workshops will be held on Thursday afternoon 31 October 2013. Time: 14:00 - 17:00 | <urn:uuid:721d0103-d3bd-4b4c-bd87-b8e0a60d6cd7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://disabilitystudies.nl/agenda/pre-conference-workshops-dementia-quality-life | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.892597 | 229 | 1.578125 | 2 |
TuataraImage: Sabine Bernert ©
The animal group that includes reptiles and frogs is called herpetofauna. New Zealand has the tuatara, geckos and skinks, and four species of native frog (pepeketua) in this group.
New Zealand native frogs/pepeketua belong to the genus Leiopelma, an ancient and primitive group of frogs that has changed very little in 70 million years.
There are many different types of lizards in the world. In New Zealand we only have geckos and skinks.
Tuatara are rare, medium-sized reptiles found only in New Zealand. They are the last survivors of an order of reptiles that thrived in the age of the dinosaurs.
Report a sighting, or search the database for descriptions, habitat information and distributions of frogs, lizards and reptiles.
The NZTCS provides a method to list any wild species according to its threat of extinction. | <urn:uuid:eb03dea5-1865-45c7-a869-1f1cdd6d08d0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-animals/reptiles-and-frogs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00066-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928472 | 200 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Why Would a Labrador Kill a Rabbit?
Dogs were predators long before humans befriended them, and a few hundred years of domestication doesn't automatically wipe out thousands of years of evolution.
A Labrador would kill a rabbit because hunting small prey is a characteristic hardwired into a dog's biological makeup. Without this predatory instinct, dogs would've died out as a species.
In ancient times, dogs needed to hunt to eat, and evolution granted them this natural drive to ensure their survival.
Your dog's predatory drive kicks in when it sees a rabbit crossing its path. Labradors are always so eager to play, so they'll chase a rabbit just for the heck of it.
A Labrador's propensity to harm a rabbit can be troublesome. Especially if you're planning to bring home a pet rabbit or if you live in the countryside, with hares and rabbits scurrying around nearby.
If you're wondering whether your Labrador is 'evil' for killing a rabbit, it's not. Your dog is just doing what it was born to do, and there's nothing unnatural about it. Killing rabbits doesn't make your canine friend a 'bad' dog.
However, this doesn't mean that rabbits and Labradors can't live in the same home. If you want your Lab to behave and leave the rabbit to its business, you'll have to train them.
How To Train Your Lab To Avoid Killing Rabbits
Labradors were bred to be hunting dogs that can be easily trained. They can be trained to attack on command to assist in hunting. However, you can use particular techniques to stop them from harming rabbits.
You may want to try the following steps:
Teach Them To 'stay' or 'sit'
Chasing wild rabbits can be potentially dangerous to your dog. They're likely to run onto a busy highway or injure themselves on uneven ground. Teaching them to hold their position or sit when you give the command is vital to keep the rabbits and your dog safe from harm.
By imprinting this command from an early age, your dog will get accustomed to it. Even the mention of the word 'stay' or 'sit' can be strong enough to overpower their natural, instinctual drives.
Using commands can be helpful to teach your dog to get used to a new pet rabbit in the vicinity. By holding the rabbit in your arms and allowing your dog to smell while restraining it with the command, your dog can get acclimatized to the rabbit's presence.
To teach your dog to sit, take a treat and lift it above and slightly behind their head. Your Lab should follow the treat and will naturally adjust their body into a sitting position.
Check out this video from the AKC about teaching your dog to sit:
When you want to teach them to stay in place, hold your palm up and say 'stay' while slowly walking backward or around your dog. If your Lab holds its position, give them a treat. They'll begin to associate your command with the action of holding position.
You'll, of course, need to repeat these exercises daily.
Keep in mind that this is only the beginning of the training process. I recommend that all owners take their dogs through a formalized training process.
Socialize Your Dog
The most effective way to prevent your Labrador from killing rabbits is to allow them to socialize. While it's possible to train an older dog, it's best to start the socialization process while your Lab is still a puppy.
Allow your pet rabbit and puppy to spend time in the same vicinity under your supervision. If you're extra cautious, you can put your puppy on a leash to avoid spooking the bunny.
Alternatively, you can also hold your rabbit and bring it close to your puppy's nose. This allows them to get familiar with the smell. As your Lab starts associating the rabbit's presence with you, it'll begin to acclimatize. In turn, they'll be less likely to harm the rabbit.
Mix Your Scent With the Rabbit's
The sense of smell is a dog's most powerful tool. It is its way of interacting with and understanding the world around it. By allowing your scent to mingle with the rabbit's, your dog will form more positive associations with your pet bunny.
Simply getting used to the rabbit's smell will desensitize your Lab to reacting the way it naturally would when smelling prey in the wild. Having the rabbit's smell on you will also make your Lab familiar with the scent. Doing so can reduce the natural predatory triggers they usually experience when they come across small prey.
Here are a few ways you can do this:
- Hold your rabbit for a while in your arms, so the rabbit's smell is imprinted on your person.
- Leave clothes with the rabbit's scent on them in some parts of the house, especially where your Lab spends most of its time.
- Regularly allow your dog to sniff the rabbit for a few minutes while you hold it in your arms.
- If your rabbit has a cage or crate it sleeps in, let your Lab inspect it from time to time while you hold the rabbit.
By acclimatizing to the rabbit's smell, your Lab will start to recognize the rabbit as a part of the household.
Reward Your Labrador
When you begin to socialize your dog with the rabbit, remember to reward them for positive social behavior.
For example, if your Lab can stay calm and composed and obey commands while the rabbit is in the same room or on your lap, reward them with a treat. These rewards will reinforce the positive behavior and reduce the likelihood of your dog harming the rabbit.
You also want to pay attention to cues that indicate your dog is getting accustomed to the rabbit.
If your dog is backing off when the rabbit gets aggressive, or the rabbit stays calm while your dog attempts to play with it, these are signs of progress.
Start Them Young
If you want to work out a relationship between your rabbit and your Lab, it's best to start socializing while they're young. Your rabbit should be less than a year old, and your Labrador should be a puppy, preferably 3 or 4 months old.
Their predatory instincts still haven't fully surfaced during this time, and they can be easily stopped from hurting the rabbit under your supervision.
When a puppy starts growing up, its immediate environment is crucial in predicting its future behavior. If your Lab grows up around rabbits and comes in constant contact with them in its puppyhood, it's likely to develop a positive, even loving, relationship with them.
Labs are natural predators and have been bred for generations to infuse homes with their cheery temperament, friendliness, and willingness to obey. But these positive traits shouldn't be taken as a sign of complete submission.
While their killer instincts have been curbed largely, their natural reaction to small prey is hunting and killing. It's essential to bear this in mind when keeping a Labrador and a rabbit in the same home.
While it's their nature to kill rabbits, Labs can be trained and nurtured differently to bring this natural predatory instinct under control.
About THE AUTHOR
Mark is the founder of Everything Labradors and a husband and father of 3. He enjoys spending time with his family, including his dog Molly, a Labrador/Golden Retriever mix. He’s a big fan of the outdoors and loves to travel to new places.Read more about Mark Brunson | <urn:uuid:c2594d65-6e57-4f4e-bd32-4042f2fea925> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.everythinglabradors.com/post/will-kill-rabbit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.957821 | 1,547 | 3 | 3 |
Sick of Apple's reincarnated in-ear headphones? Cupertino is apparently working on a whole new portable listening solution.
According to a new patent, first reported by AppleInsider, Cupertino has acquired a patent for a pair of next-generation, dual-mode headphones, for all of your over-the-ear and amplified speaker needs.
Killing two birds with one musical stone, Apple is transforming traditional forms of listening with a two-in-one option that eliminates the need to carry extra bulk, or just makes for a really fun impromptu dance party.
From normal, everyday headphones, the device can be rested on a flat surface and kicked into true speaker mode, with a full amplifier to push sound into any social setting, Patently Apple reported. Essentially, the headphones provide an audio output in two different modes based on the use, seamlessly transforming them from in-ear mode to speaker mode.
According to Patently Apple's report, the body of Cupertino's headphones could include a sound port that served as an output and was moveable to switch from a first position (in-ear) to a second (speakers).
A built-in amplifier would likely be installed for use only in speaker mode, to be bypassed or turned off while being used as over-the-ear headphones. Though, in an attempt to keep users from blowing out their eardrums, a sensor for detecting the distance between the headphones and the user may be installed, Patently Apple said.
Based on patent images, a number of different approaches could be taken to building the dual-mode headphones, including one with a snap band and primary sound ports positioned along the headpiece, for use in speaker mode. Some figures seem to show an over-the-ear approach, while others look familiar to drawings of Apple's famous pre-iPhone 5 earbuds.
For more, see PCMag's review of the current Apple EarPods. | <urn:uuid:5f3df338-8be3-41fd-8123-7fb47e6c4e36> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2411963,00.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00427-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952037 | 402 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Healthcare Associated Infections-Community Interface (HAIC)
Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) and Antibiotic Use (AU) Prevalence Surveys are conducted in all 10 Emerging Infections Program (EIP) sites in the United States. HAIs are an important public health problem because of their devastating effects on the wellbeing of patients, in addition to the billions of dollars in unnecessary expense they add to the healthcare system. Research suggests that a growing number of HAIs are caused by organisms that have developed resistance to standard antimicrobial drugs.
The Emerging Infections Program (EIP) conducts Candidemia surveillance in all ten EIP sites throughout the United States. The purpose of this surveillance system is to describe epidemiological characteristics of Candidemia such as incidence, Candida species distribution, antifungal drug resistance, treatment practices, and outcomes on a local and national level, in order to develop and implement effective prevention and control strategies.
The Emerging Infections Program (EIP) Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) surveillance is being conducted in seven EIP sites throughout the United States. Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, spore-forming, gram positive bacillus that produces two pathogenic toxins: A and B. CDI ranges in severity from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis and death. | <urn:uuid:afd63d4c-83ce-4856-8b47-1342f612b7bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ysph.yale.edu/emerging-infections-program/research/haic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.906291 | 282 | 2.921875 | 3 |
NEW PALTZ – The Wallkill Valley Land Trust has received a gift of 38 acres of wetland on the town of New Paltz-Lloyd town border.
The land was donated by New Paltz resident Lillian Mangelli.
“This is an important property for preserving natural resources and protecting the aquifer,” said Bob Taylor, president of the land trust. “We are grateful to Lillian Mangelli for this gift.”
“It’s one of three parcels we’re dealing with in the Black Creek Plutarch Wetlands Complex,” said Christopher Duncan, a spokesman for the land trust. “One we bought at a county tax sale. This one was a gift. The third one we’re working on will be a conservation easement.”
The trust expects to make an announcement about the third easement – a 65-acre working farm in Gardiner – around Jan. 9, Duncan said.
That deal includes two other organizations, including a not-for-profit group that owns the land.
The Black Creek Plutarch Wetlands Complex is an area that borders the towns of New Paltz and Lloyd. “This is one of the areas of interest in the New York State Open Space Conservation Plan,” Duncan said.
Legal work for the transfer was donated by New Paltz attorney James Bacon, and town of New Paltz Supervisor Don Wilen praised the trust for its continuing work to preserve open space and natural resources.
The Wallkill Valley Land Trust was founded in 1987 with the creation of the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail, Duncan said.
“There were three land trusts set up at about the same time – the Wallkill Valley Land Trust, Rondout-Esopus and Woodstock Land Trust,” he said.
Duncan said the Wallkill Valley Land Trust works for land conservation, the preservation of open space and environmentally appropriate development in southern Ulster County.
The trust holds 10 conservation easements and five pieces of property with a total of nearly 700 acres. | <urn:uuid:50fc99e6-8c62-47b0-aec1-c2d5da4b8f0d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dailyfreeman.com/2003/01/03/land-trust-gets-38-acre-gift/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.935728 | 437 | 1.539063 | 2 |
VOLUME 1: Africa
VOLUME 2: Europe, Central Asia, and Other Regions
Volumes sold separately or as a set.
"This is a superb manuscript, and one that will become a standard reference in the field for students of conflict and civil war."
—Robert Bates, Eaton Professor of the Science of Government, Harvard University
The two volumes of Understanding Civil War build upon the World Bank's prior research on conflict and violence, particularly on the work of Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler, whose model of civil war onset has sparked much discussion on the relationship between conflict and development in what came to be known as the "greed" versus "grievance" debate.
The authors systematically apply the Collier-Hoeffler model to 15 countries in 6 different regions of the world, using a comparative case study methodology to revise and expand upon economic models of civil war. The book concludes that the "greed" versus "grievance" debate should be abandoned for a more complex model that considers greed and grievance as inextricably fused motives for civil war. | <urn:uuid:636dc149-ac72-4ad6-afa0-464d6d05efb2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.prio.org/Publications/Publication/?x=3265 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00077-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926863 | 228 | 1.921875 | 2 |
By determining what goes missing in human cells when the gene that is most commonly mutated in pancreatic cancer gets turned on, Johns Hopkins scientists have discovered a potential strategy for therapy.
The production of a particular cluster of genetic snippets known as microRNAs is dramatically reduced in human pancreatic tumor cells compared to healthy tissue, the researchers report in a study published Dec. 15 in Genes and Development. When the team restored this tiny regulator, called miR-143/145, back to normal levels in human pancreatic cancer cells, those cells lost their ability to form tumors.
"Our finding that these specific microRNAs are downstream of the most important oncogene in pancreatic cancer sets the stage for developing methods to deliver them to tumors," says Josh Mendell, M.D., Ph.D., an associate professor in the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and an early career scientist of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. "When we restore microRNAs to cancer cells in which their levels are repressed, the cells no longer are tumorigenic. We have every reason to believe that the efficient delivery of miR-143/145, if achievable, would be therapeutically beneficial."
The team focused its investigation on KRAS, a member of the important RAS family of oncogenes that is mutated in almost all cases of the most common form of pancreatic cancer.
The researchers conducted their studies in a multitude of model systems human cells growing in culture as well as those harvested directly from tumors, and also in mice and zebrafish. First, using cell lines derived from pancreatic tumors and growing in culture, they added gene products such as mutant KRAS and an inhibitor of mutant KRAS, and then measured the microRNA responses. Next, they conducted the same experiments using cells from patients' pancreatic tumors. Finally, they looked at pancreatic tissue from mice and zebrafish to see what happened when KRAS was activated.
Every time, the team noted the same robust findings. When KRAS was activated, the microRNA cluster miR-143/145 was powerfully repressed, to a fraction of the levels in normal, non-cancerous cells. Restoring the expression of miR-143/145 back to the level of normal cells was sufficient to confer "a very striking change in behavior of those cells," Mendell says. When human pancreatic cancer cells with low microRNA levels were injected into mice, they formed tumors within 30 days. However, when the team restored the levels of microRNAs to the levels of normal cells and injected them into mice, tumors failed to form.
"Our findings showed that repression of the miR-143/145 microRNA cluster is a very important component of the tumor-promoting cellular program that is activated when KRAS is mutated in cancer cells," says Oliver Kent, a postdoctoral fellow in the Mendell laboratory and first author on the paper.
At some point in the process of a normal cell evolving into a tumor cell, it loses microRNAs. When the KRAS gene is mutated a common event in pancreatic cancer it somehow purges cells of miR-143/145, the cluster of microRNAs that normally put the brakes on tumorigenesis.
"It is likely that some microRNAs will have very broad antitumorigenic effects in many different types of cancers," says Mendell, whose lab is building animal models to investigate how different microRNAs participate in different tumor types. "In fact, there is already evidence that miR-143/145 can suppress other types of tumors such as colon and prostate cancer. On the other hand, the effects of some microRNAs will likely be very tumor-specific."
Merely 22 nucleotides in length, microRNAs are enigmatic bits of genetic material that, despite being pint-sized, apparently are mighty. This field of study is less than a decade old; scientists still don't have a good grasp on the fundamental role of microRNAs in normal biology.
"We need a better understanding of their basic functions to more fully understand how microRNAs participate in diseases," Mendell says.
Having studied microRNAs in the context of several types of cancer, Mendell says delivery remains a major issue for nucleic acid-based therapies.
"There is a lot of work going on to develop ways to deliver microRNAs to different tissue sites," Mendell says. "I'm optimistic that the liver and even the pancreas will become accessible to these types of therapies and benefit from them."
|Contact: Maryalice Yakutchik|
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions | <urn:uuid:d0f42733-da4f-4979-9f83-02cd38ed33ca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-news-1/Missing-molecules-hold-promise-of-therapy-for-pancreatic-cancer-16925-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00117-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960764 | 966 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Author:John Eliot (statesman)
For authors with similar names, see Author:John Eliot.
|←Author Index: El||John Eliot
- Speech on the Petition of Right to the House of Commons on June 3, 1628
- Negotium posterorum, an account of the parliament in 1625;
- The Monarchie of Man, a political treatise;
- De jure majestatis, a Political Treatise of Government
- An Apology for Socrates, his own defence.
Works about Eliot
- "Sir John Eliot" in Select British Eloquence by Chauncey A. Goodrich (1865)
- “Eliot, John (1592-1632),” in Dictionary of National Biography, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., (1885–1900) in 63 vols.
- “Eliot, Sir John,” in Encyclopædia Britannica, (11th ed.), 1911 | <urn:uuid:2384781b-edc3-42d1-b396-adaf84f19197> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:John_Eliot_(statesman) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.793468 | 211 | 2.34375 | 2 |
A woman died. Her husband went to where she was buried. At night he slept there. The next night he went and slept there. The next night he slept there again. Then in the middle of the night his wife came out of the grave. She stood tip and brushed the earth from herself. She faced north, not looking at him, and brushed herself entirely clean. She brushed her hair clean. Then she went north (khushim, actually somewhat west of north, in a direction at right angles to the prevailing course of the streams). Her husband followed her. They went on during the night. Then the dead woman turned into a log. At night she arose and brushed herself. Then they went on again. Then she turned to a log again. Again she got up and brushed herself and again they went on. Then they came to the bridge of the world of the dead (chedangdu wa tibiknicha). There the woman crossed. Her husband was unable to. On the other side were watchmen. They saw the man across the water. Then the watchmen were told to make a bridge for him. Then he crossed. The watchmen smelled of him. They told him: "Sit there." Then he sat in that place. The watchmen knew how he felt. They said: "Perhaps he is hungry. Give him something to eat." Then they gave him one pinenut. He ate the pinenut. Then there were more in his hand. He ate these and again there were more. At last he was satisfied. At night the people there danced. Next day they again danced at night. Then the watchmen told him: "Take away the woman." They said to her: "It will be well if you too go back." Then they started. But they told him: "Do not sleep." Now they went. They spent a night on the way. They went on again. Again they spent the night. They went another day. Then at night he slept. Then he was lying with a log.
[1. From a Yaudanchi text. Present series, II, 272.] | <urn:uuid:9766b24c-7df1-4623-a1a8-563d5dbd08ad> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sacred-texts.com/nam/ca/scc/scc37.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00290-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.993647 | 438 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.