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Sternopygus branco n. sp. is described from the Amazon River between its confluences with the Rios Japurá and Negro, and from the lower 100 km of the Rio Negro. This species is described using features of external morphology, meristics, pigmentation, osteology, and electric organ discharges (EODs). The new species is diagnosed by a very low EOD repetition rate (24–35 Hz vs approximately 40–300 Hz in congeners); very pale pigmentation on the entire body surface in live specimens; the absence of a pale lateral stripe along dorsal margin of anal-fin pterygiophores (present in adults and/or juveniles in all congeners); a slender body (body depth 8.3–10.9% length to end of anal fin vs 10.3–16.1% in congeners); posterior margins of cleithrum and supracleithrum short and robust. Sternopygus branco is found in the main river channels of whitewater and blackwater rivers and in adjacent side channels. It is not known from seasonally flooded forests or terra firme stream systems. Sternopygus branco is able to rapidly modulate the amplitude of its EOD. | <urn:uuid:e9ec934d-decb-4e5e-8549-7dadbc863b91> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://meridian.allenpress.com/copeia/article-abstract/2004/2/245/113900/Sternopygus-branco-A-New-Species-of-Neotropical?redirectedFrom=PDF | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.898657 | 259 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Humans have known for thousands of years that their urine is an excellent fertilizer for crops. It contains phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium—many of the same ingredients as commercial fertilizers. But because of the squeamishness associated with using urine to grow crops, its use has been limited. [...]
The first step in the experiment involved renaming urine because its common name was considered offensive. They settled on Oga. Next, they separated the farmers into two groups; one ran their farms in the traditional way, the other fertilized their wheat using Oga. Over two growing seasons, crop yields were measured for both groups. The Oga for the second group of 27 farmers was provided by the farmers themselves, who were taught how to pasteurize, store and dilute their urine for use as fertilizer. They also added small amounts of animal manure.
The data collected from the farms showed that those that had been fertilized using Oga produced on average 30% more grain than the traditional farms. The researchers note that the differences were so great that other women in the region began emulating those in the experiment. Two years after the experiment, they found that more than a thousand women farmers were using Oga to fertilize their crops.
Moussa, Hannatou O., Nwankwo, Charles I., Aminou, Ali M., et al. Sanitized human urine (Oga) as a fertilizer auto-innovation from women farmers in Niger [open], Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2022. DOI: 10.1007/s13593-021-00675-2 | <urn:uuid:5b8808da-b357-4552-a17f-82a9bd65ca17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://soylentnews.org/article.pl?sid=22/06/22/0451216&markunread=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.974441 | 329 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Basics TASER International, Inc. (TASER) does not create, recommend, or endorse policy or set standards of care. Importance of keeping up to date: – Era of information and mis-information overload: Importance of ignorance eradication Learn the “science” and “medicine” not the “myths” Need to put everything into perspective (risk/benefit) Need to understand the basics and foundations Reference Sheets and Reference Packets (owned by LAAW International, Inc.) or Understand actual legal standards (and their bases) 2005 to present ECD hysteria not scientifically based
Electronic Control Devices Basics (of force) Basic ECD deployment numbers Basic selected death numbers (US) Physiologically compromised persons - elevated risks of death Force standards paradigms ECD basic concepts ECDs studied more than other force options ECDs usually more effective than other force options ECDs usually safer than other force options ECDs more accountability features than other force options ECDs only force options maintaining effectiveness while increasing safety margins
Basics (of force): Any force option can be abused It is the person who abuses the force option - not the force option “Almost every use of force, however minute, poses some risk of death.” Garrett v. Athens-Clarke County, 378 F.3d 1274, 1280, n.12 (11th Cir. 2004). “Fourth Amendment jurisprudence has long recognized that the right to make an arrest or investigatory stop necessarily carries with it the right to use some degree of physical coercion or threat thereof to effect it.” Graham v. Conner, 490 U.S. 386, 396 (1989).
ECD basic concepts: (General Statements; Peer-Reviewed Medical and/or Scientific Research) No evidence that other law enforcement force option is safer than a normal use of an ECD ECDs are more effective in facilitating capture, control, and restraint than other force options ECDs are generally safe per se and are usually safer than other force options Courts have held that ECDs are not excessive force per se ECDs are saving lives, reducing injuries to officers and suspects, and reducing excessive force claims
ECDs studied more than other force options: ECD delivers a small electrical charge to accomplish neuro-muscular incapacitation (NMI) objective Delivery of electrical charge to humans has been widely studied for over 200 years ECDs specifically have been widely studied in over 200 studies (many human studies) No other force option has even 1/10 th the peer-reviewed published studies of ECDs
ECDs usually more effective than other force options: Every other force option uses pain/discomfort volitional compliance or traumatic injury to facilitate capture, control, or restraint ECD is designed to induce motor-nerve mediated NMI to facilitate capture, control, and restraint No other force option is as effective at deterrent presence of ECDs (LASER painting or arcing gains volitional compliance in from 1 to 4 out of 5 uses)
ECDs usually safer than other force options: Peer-reviewed literature generally finds ECDs safer than other force options Peer-reviewed literature finding that ECDs are less injurious to suspects and officers - (2009) MacDonald: – "Given the findings from this study, as well as those from previously published research, law enforcement agencies should encourage the use of OC spray or CEDs in place of impact weapons and should consider authorizing their use as a replacement for hands-on force tactics against physically resistant suspects." – "Injuries from police use-of-force incidents continue to be a public health problem affecting tens of thousands of civilians and police officers in the United States each year. Our findings suggest that the incidence of these injuries can be reduced substantially when police officers use CEDs and OC spray responsibly and in lieu of physical force to control physically resistant suspects…. a replacement for hands-on force tactics against physically resistant suspects.”
ECDs usually safer than other force options: Peer-reviewed literature finding that ECDs are less injurious to suspects and officers: control physically resistant suspects… a replacement for hands-on force tactics against physically resistant suspects.“ (2009) Bozeman: – "Conducted electrical weapons were used against 1,201 subjects during 36 months. One thousand one hundred twenty-five subjects (94%) were men; the median age was 30 years (range 13 to 80 years). Mild or no injuries were observed after conducted electrical weapon use in 1,198 subjects (99.75%; 95% confidence interval 99.3% to 99.9%). Of mild injuries, 83% were superficial puncture wounds from conducted electrical weapon probes. Significant injuries occurred in 3 subjects (0.25%; 95% confidence interval 0.07% to 0.7%), including 2 intracranial injuries from falls and 1 case of rhabdomyolysis. Two subjects died in police custody; medical examiners did not find conducted electrical weapon use to be causal or contributory in either case." – In a "combined experience of 4,058 consecutively monitored conducted electrical weapon uses with an electrical shock delivered.2-4 Serious injuries are clearly rare, and there are no cases in any of the reports suggesting sudden cardiac death related to the [TASER ECD].”
ECDs usually safer than other force options: Peer-reviewed literature finding that ECDs can reduce use of deadly force: (2008) Eastman - "In 5.4% [23 of 426] of deployments (n=23), CED use was deemed to have clearly prevented the use of lethal force by police."
ECDs have more accountability features than other force options: 1999 (M26 ECD) - Number of 5 second ECD discharges (not delivered) with time stamp (has clock drift) 2003 (X26 ECD): – Number of seconds of ECD discharges (cannot determine whether charge was delivered) – Time of discharge (has clock drift) – Internal ECD temperature and calculated percentage of battery life remaining 2005 (TASER Cam™) - black/white ECD incorporated incident audio/video recording
ECDs have more accountability features than other force options: 2009 (X3™ ECD) - Trilogy Logs: – Records every safety activation, trigger pull, arc, etc. – Pulse-by-pulse determination of electrical discharges (distinguishing drive stun and probe) delivered – Accurate to the second - synced to world atomic clock through EVIDENCE.com 2010 (AXON): – On-officer DVD quality video/audio digital recording from officer's perspective – Highly secure evidence capture, upload, retrieval, and audit systems
ECDs increasing safety margins: No other force option is increasing safety margin while working to maintain effectiveness Other force options increase pain or injury potential to increase effectiveness: – Pepper sprays have increased Scoville heat unit ratings. – Batons have gone from primarily wood to polymer and metal. – (Firearms) Bullets have increased to cause greater traumatic injuries. ECD waveform, force strategies, etc. refined to maintain (or increase) effectiveness while lowering risk of serious injury or death (increasing safety margins)
TASER International, Inc. No better training program for any other force option – Training program updated and improved Providing greater levels of accountability features Encouraging "Smart Use" Force Guidelines
Where are We : Putting Things Into Perspective
Where are we? (for all – Law Enforcement EMS, MEs, Coroners, Lawyers) 20/20 Hindsight Perfection Standards Through Who’s Perceptual Lens? Perfectly informed (on all issues/possibilities) Perfect decisions (in 20/20 hindsight) Perfect investigations (need knowledge) Perfect (complete, accurate, unassailable) reporting Perfect oversight analyses and decisions Perfect judicial action defense
Costs of Failing to be Perfect? Federal criminal prosecution State criminal prosecution Career destruction Civil lawsuits (increased risk of loss) Negative community relations Loss of tools, resources, money
What level of risk will you accept? What are your objectives? What will you accept? What level of criticism will you accept? What will you do to make a difference? What is your definition of professionalism? What do you want of your department? How much training is enough? How close to “perfection” is your agency?
Where are we today – headed? Through who’s perceptual lens? What are outsiders’ expectations of us? – Perfection standards – Absolute fore knowledge – Guarantor of “perfect” outcome – Force recipient is the “victim” – Perfect, exhaustive, complete, accurate investigation of every incident “Straw that broke the camel’s back” is enough
ECD Smart Use Guidelines : Putting Things Into Perspective
Force standards paradigms: Self (or third-party defense) standards United Nations Force Standard: Minimum force necessary to accomplish lawful objectives standards Risk/benefit standards: “[I]n judging whether [officer’s] actions were reasonable, we must consider the risk of bodily harm that [officer’s] actions posed to [suspect] in light of the threat to the public that [officer] was trying to eliminate.” (Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372, 383 (2008)). Abuse of authority standards: “[T]he Fourth Amendment addresses ‘misuse of power,’ not the accidental effects of otherwise lawful conduct.” Brower v. County of Inyo, 489 U.S. 593, 596 (1989); Milstead v. Kibler, 243 F.3d 157 (4 th Cir. 2001).
Force standards paradigms: Smart Use Guidelines (of force): Changing initial officer default focus from all people being perceived as an intentional immediate threat to officer Minimizing force by making better (more informed) decisions – Appropriately gauge risk/benefit and need for haste Maximizing accountability evidentiary audio/video recording of the full incident from the officer’s perspective Maximizing unassailable evidence availability, collection, storage, retrieval Preparing better force reports/incident documentation Performing better force/death investigations Accurately analyzing force use to appropriate standards of care
ECD “Smart Use” Guidelines Basics ECD “Smart Use” Guidelines are NOT a Constitutional or legal force standard. ECD “Smart Use” Guidelines are ECD force considerations presented for discussion in an effort to maintain officer safety while minimizing ECD force and negative consequences of ECD force.
Standards Purposes Constitutional rights purpose State statutes purpose Recommendations purposes Department policy purpose “Smart Use” Guidelines purpose
ECD “Smart Use” Guidelines Basics Department: Clearly delineate (understand) force standards Delineate accountability standards and should Support officers’ appropriate force decisions Train “Smart Use” Guidelines Force Basics Train force alternatives and options Monitor force and remedial training Provide optimal equipment and training
ECD “Smart Use” Guidelines Basics Officer: Make good decisions: – Risk management approach to force – Force minimization Write excellent reports – Bolded timeline paragraph headers Record incident – avoid he said/she said Appropriately gauge risk and need for haste Listen
ECD “Smart Use” Guidelines Basics Use no more force than necessary to accomplish lawful objectives – the minimum (least amount of) force goal Use lowest possible number of applications Use probe rather than drive-stun (DS) – DS is not necessarily less force than probe – Avoid DS (less probability of effectiveness) – Especially avoid cartridge removed or X3 DS Greater injury probability/potential
ECD “Smart Use” Guidelines Basics Force in Presence of Immediate Threat Force to Restrain or Control Force to Restrain or Capture Force to Prevent/Stop Fleeing Coercive Force to Overcome Obstruction Distraction Force for Community Caretaker Beware force when no force is necessary: – Listen – Patience, alternatives
ECD “Smart Use” Guidelines Basics Force in Presence of Immediate threat: Immediate threat of deadly force Immediate threat of serious injury Immediate threat of injury Force to Restrain or Capture : Force to control intentionally assaultive Person resisting/struggling against control
ECD “Smart Use” Guidelines Basics Force to Restrain or Capture: Force to facilitate restraint Force to capture (not fleeing) Force to Prevent/Stop Fleeing: Tackling justified Tackling not justified
ECD “Smart Use” Guidelines Basics Force to Overcome Objective Obstruction: Coercive force Force on passive person Distraction Device for Community Caretaker Use least risk force alternative Reasonable warning of impending force Reasonably gauge health, mental condition, frailties Reasonably gauge ability to comply Reasonableness of warning and ability to comply
Do “NOT” confuse or substitute Constitutional force threshold standards with selected usually more restrictive judicial case extracted force considerations or policy restrictions!!!!! - “Shall” versus “Should”
Dominos Falling Enhancers Department’s policies and training standards – Setting inappropriately escalated force standards He said/she said (recording incident from officer’s perspective) Death case - medical examiner errors ECD experts – sufficiently knowledgeable experts? – “TASER ECD Instructor” ≠ “Knowledgeable Expert” Court’s Mis-Understandings: – (OH) Michaels – “drive stun” ≠ “NMI” – (FL) Buckley (dissent) -- “drive stun” ≠ ‘”NMI” – (MI) Keiser (6 th Circuit (10/21/08)) – “drive stun ≠ ‘”NMI” – Misunderstood - “50,000 Volts!!!!!!” (Oh My God!!!!!)
Medical Examiners Mis-perceived statements Mis-perceived standards of proof Failure to explain and eliminate ambiguities Do not undertstand: – Basic important incident concepts – Mechanisms of injury – The research (cannot be expected to) Refuse assistance – appearance of influence
Medical Examiners Logical fallacies – Causation: Temporal ≠ Causal Association ≠ Causation Correlation ≠ Causation – Causal oversimplification Poor choices of words Failure to put statements into perspective Chicken or the egg (which came first?)
Dominos Falling Enhancers P.D.P.C.T. (fallacy) (outcome vs. process) Incident: – Officer misperceives threat level – Officer uses more than least intrusive force – Officer does not consider alternatives – Officer does not have sufficient tolerance/respect – Officer “Tases to Submission” – Lawful but awful force – Bad reporting (Crayon ® reports or absence of change audit trail) – Incomplete investigation
Basic Force Considerations What is your force management objective? What is starting, or significantly enhancing, the dominos falling? Which force standard to comply with? Where the courts are (sometimes) headed? – Intentional misuse of govt endowed authority? – Tolerance for non-intentionally-violent offenders? – The “force avoidance” standard? – The “thou shalt be nice” (or at least “respect”) standard? – Expeditious medical care? (when in doubt summon) | <urn:uuid:53c27978-c2c6-47a0-b719-530d1455cbcc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://slideplayer.com/slide/4171211/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00135-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889259 | 3,202 | 2.25 | 2 |
As China has grown in power, many have sensed the disturbing anger that it shows. This anger saw two publications, China Can Say No and Unhappy China — both exuding a pathological nationalism and demonizing other countries — become national best sellers. To quell concerns other countries may have about this anger, China first said its rise to power was to be a peaceful one and then later turned around to say that it was not going through a peaceful rise to power at all, but was instead merely experiencing peaceful development.
Many people believe that only a very small number of extremists in China harbor this anger and that because the Chinese leaders are extremely aware of it themselves, they will continue following former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping’s (鄧小平) policy of “hiding one’s capacities and biding one’s time.”
Former Chinese minister of foreign affairs Li Zhaoxing (李肇星) recently questioned where the talk about China’s rise to power has been coming from. Li asked how China could be considered to have risen to power given that it ranks 94th in the world in terms of GNP per capita and 83rd in terms of life expectancy. He added that all the talk about China’s rise to power was an attempt by other countries to place China on a pedestal from which they could knock it down whenever it suited them.
While Li’s remarks may have eased the minds of some people, we have witnessed the way China has been acting over the disputed Diaoyutai Islands (釣魚台). It has been in total opposition with many of its neighbors over the islands, as well as with the US. It has also shown total opposition to countries traditionally viewed as being “strong” and “imperial” like Japan and the US, as well as with countries traditionally viewed as being “small” and “weak” like the Philippines and Vietnam.
China’s extreme opposition has shown everyone just how “angry” it and its rise to power truly are. This also reflects how the concept of China’s “angry” rise to power has grown from being an idea proposed by a few extremists into an extremely proud mindset that now dictates the nation’s international policies and actions.
Beijing says that tensions are being caused by the US, which, in its attempts to contain China, is encouraging the restoration of Japanese militarism, as well as the use of “weaker” Asian nations to rebuild the “blockade of island chains” between key strategic islands in the region. Is this really how things are?
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, East Asian countries were eager to say goodbye to the unhappiness caused by the Cold War and the old world order. Although the US had no intention of fully removing its troops from East Asia, countries in the strategically important island chains had their own ideas.
In 1991-1992, after protest from the Philippines, the US first withdrew from Clark Air Base and then its naval base in the Subic Bay in Luzon. From 1998 to 2008, former South Korean presidents Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun promoted pro-China and anti-US policies, as well as policies of reconciliation with North Korea. During this time, South Korea and the US got into heated disputes over the construction of military bases and the command over forces in the South.
In 2009, the Cabinet of former Japanese prime minister Yukio Hatoyama proposed developing closer ties with East Asian nations, with Japan falling out somewhat with the US over the Marine Corps Air Station Futenma on Okinawa. | <urn:uuid:6cad8ff0-5a2f-4ec1-8294-e014e9035631> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2013/01/25/2003553362/1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00538-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973665 | 768 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Posted on May 18, 2011
Posted by Steve LaPidus
I have spent the last six weeks as a volunteer on the AERA Giza Plateau Project with some of the most interesting and knowledgeable people I have ever met. I went on a site tour set up for the team early on in the schedule. We had a chance to walk through the sites, to listen to presentations and to ask questions on the project’s operations. It was easy to understand why there was a requirement by the Egyptian Government and AERA to submit your security paperwork six months in advance. It is obvious how much thought goes into the selection of the team members because there are multiple openings on the project and for each opening, there is a specific expert with just the right background and interest.
For the first five weeks, I shared a local apartment with a Swedish human osteologist Johnny (“Bones” for all of you who watch the TV show). He explained to me how he reviewed the excavated burials and drew the skeletons while determining the sex, age at death and whether there was any obvious disease before he had to remove the bones quickly as they easily crumbled apart if left for too long.… READ MORE »
Posted on Apr 10, 2011
Posted by Hilary McDonald
Archaeological photography is a diverse field. Much of it is a waiting game dependent on sun and wind to work with everyone’s schedules. The time must be right when a full excavation space can be cleared of tools (and people) and look its best. Sand is swept, shadows shift and the unit is ready to be presented.
By researching old archives – photographs from areas excavated 101 years ago, almost to the day, were matched up to some areas we had open this season. Images like these remind archaeologists that we aren’t necessarily seeing the architecture and features exactly the way the ancients left them; we are also seeing what previous archaeologists left behind in their own search. The archaeology of the archaeology, so to speak.
Old photographs reveal changes in imaging technologies where digital files have replaced glass plates and chemical developing. Software can now help piece together long expanses of walls and instantaneous electronic developing can reveal onscreen if millimeters of pottery inclusions are in focus or have to be redone.
There are a lot of moments on an excavation, however, that have nothing to do with the cleaning of trenches, the placing of meter sticks and the proper positioning of the north arrow.… READ MORE » | <urn:uuid:1e8dfe0f-fe27-44de-b12a-4e2ee2e19c62> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aeraweb.org/tag/photography/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.957712 | 514 | 1.90625 | 2 |
The advantage of making your own pizza is that you can put some favorite ingredients as you like, but the vegetables are not as good as possible, otherwise the finished product will have more water~ with homemade pizza sauce, pizza will really be handy, you will find it The pizza is not inferior to any pizza shop outside. Pizza sauce practice: http://m.xiachufang.com/recipe/101853291/?from=timeline&isappinstalled=1
Mix all the materials from the bottom of the cake to the expansion stage. The expansion stage is to open a thick film with a jagged shape.
Fermented to twice the size of the warm and humid place~
When the dough is fermented, prepare the stuffing. Corn and green beans are cooked with water, and the mushrooms are slightly boiled. Then the pot is drained and drained. The shrimp is peeled off and the shrimp line is removed. The bacon and the green and red peppers are replaced.
Put all the alfalfa materials into the baking tray and bake in a 180 degree oven for 5-8 minutes. Be sure to bake dry water, bake dry water, bake dry water, and say the important thing three times, or else roast it. The pizza will come out of the water~ but don't burn it, pay attention to observe~
The fermented dough is vented and rounded, and the plastic wrap is relaxed for 15 minutes~
Roll the dough into a round larger than the pizza plate~
The pizza dish is smeared with a layer of butter or the underlying oil pad is anti-adhesive. A 28x28 non-stick gold plate can be used without a pizza tray. Put the simmered noodles into the pizza dish, press the bottom with your hand to make the middle thin side thick, then use a fork to poke the small hole and let it relax in the warm and humid place for 20 minutes~ put it in the preheated oven. , baking at 210 degrees for 5 minutes~
Put two tablespoons of pizza sauce in the pizza embryo, spread evenly with the spoon back, and spread the bacon on top~
Sprinkle a layer of cheese smashed ~
Then spread the corn, green beans, mushrooms, green peppers, and shrimps evenly.
Sprinkle a layer of cheese on the surface, and put a lot of cheese on the surface. You can put more favorite ingredients as you like, but the vegetables are not as good as possible. Otherwise, the finished product will have more water. Put it in a preheated oven. Middle layer, baked at 210 degrees for about 15 minutes, baked until the surface of the cheese melts, some of the yellow can be baked ~
What are you waiting for? Hurry and eat hot~
If you have any questions about my prescription, please feel free to add Weibo or WeChat consultation. Please add your verification code to your kitchen nickname when you join. Welcome to Weibo: http://weibo.com/u/5586961638 WeChat: yjyhcf1206 | <urn:uuid:03f94c96-a5a3-4a8f-9fda-1d98b0c72873> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.home-cooking-recipes.com/recipe-bacon-shrimp-pizza-18663/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.921402 | 633 | 1.671875 | 2 |
AS THE ebola epidemic continues to spread throughout West Africa, the University of Worcester has been warned to be prepared for an influx of students from the region.
With the new academic year due to start next month, Universities UK - the organisation representing vice chancellors - has written to every university in the country with advice on how the deal with an outbreak of the fatal disease.
A spokesman from the University of Worcester said they had received official advice earlier this month.
"We are expecting about 15 students from West Africa but we are not expecting any from Libreria, Sierra Leone and Guinea," she said.
The ebola outbreak is believed to have begun in Guinea in December last year but was not detected until March. It has since spread to Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria and so far more than 1,400 people have died.
The virus can only be transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids or from touching victim's bodies and can cause a grisly death with bleeding from the eyes, mouth and ears. | <urn:uuid:6f0fcd8d-3f6e-4bf3-b52c-80a82827815f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.worcesternews.co.uk/news/11434896.University_of_Worcester_prepared_for_risk_of_ebola/?ref=var_0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00203-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973711 | 207 | 2.453125 | 2 |
How Long Does Melatonin Last In Your System? All You Need To Know
While melatonin can be effective for shifting the circadian rhythm to help people fall asleep within a new time window, the experts interviewed for this piece agree that it’s not meant to be taken as a nightly sleep supplement. “It’s more of a body clock regulator than a sleep aid,” Bhopal notes.
In the hours leading up to bed, “avoiding devices and the blue light they emit is essential for optimizing your sleep hygiene since blue light disrupts melatonin production,” says Bonney. “Turn off bright overhead lights in favor of dim lamps since darkness is your body’s cue to increase melatonin production. Remember, you have photoreceptors all over your body, so eliminating light as much as possible is helpful.”
Bhopal adds that once you’ve dimmed the lights and put away electronics, you’ll want to wait to get into bed until you actually feel sleepy. “Staying in bed while you’re awake trains your brain to associate the bed with wakefulness,” she explains.
Those who are looking to not only fall asleep faster but stay asleep longer and reach more restorative stages of rest can also look into sleep supplements that utilize non-hormonal ingredients like magnesium, L-theanine, and relaxing herbs.* | <urn:uuid:f2097d8e-410e-40e7-9015-105bed0dc9c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.freaksinthegym.com/how-long-does-melatonin-last-in-your-system-all-you-need-to-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.927814 | 293 | 2.015625 | 2 |
South African Journal of Education
versão On-line ISSN 2076-3433
versão impressa ISSN 0256-0100
MALAN, Sharon B; NDLOVU, Mdutshekelwa e ENGELBRECHT, Petra. Introducing problem-based learning (PBL) into a foundation programme to develop self-directed learning skills. S. Afr. j. educ. [online]. 2014, vol.34, n.1, pp.1-16. ISSN 2076-3433.
This article reports on the qualitative aspects of a study that examined whether introducing a Problem-based Learning (PBL) approach in a one-year foundation programme can create conditions for learners to develop and sustain self-directed learning skills. This interpretive-constructivist case study was located in evaluation research. Data were collected by means of classroom observations and interviews with 35 students and 14 former students. Findings indicated that introducing students to a PBL approach did promote more meaningful learning patterns, typified by processing the subject matter critically and self-regulating learning processes. The sustainability ofthe meaning-directed learning skills was questionable ifstudent beliefs in the approach did not support the activities employed. Introducing PBL into a foundation programme can develop self-directed learning skills in students and set in motion a process of growth towards lifelong learning.
Palavras-chave : disadvantaged learners; evaluation research; foundation programmes; lifelong learning; Mathematics and Physical Science education; Problem-based Learning; self-directed learning; self-regulated learning. | <urn:uuid:716dbee1-1a0a-4f7f-8e21-542ec546ec2c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0256-01002014000100003&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00422-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939877 | 320 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Repairing your credit can be a daunting task. When researching how to improve your credit, you may have heard of a credit privacy number (CPN).
But before you decide to get a CPN, there are a few things you should know.
A credit privacy number (CPN) is a nine-digit number that looks just like a Social Security number. That’s no coincidence because illegitimate CPNs are actually stolen Social Security numbers.
However, there are also legitimate CPNs, which you’ll learn about later in this article.
Some people refer to a CPN as a “credit privacy number,” while others call it a “credit protection number” or “credit profile number”.
By any name, a CPN is something to be wary of — especially if someone’s trying to sell you one. Some companies will charge hundreds or even thousands of dollars for a CPN. CPNs you can buy are illegal.
Scammers will describe CPNs as a second version of a Social Security number that supposedly adds extra security. They’ll tout them as a way to clean up your credit quickly.
Don’t be fooled, though: CPNs marketed this way can land you in hot water.
Scammers will tell you that you can use a CPN instead of your Social Security number as a way to fool financial institutions and other lenders into thinking your credit is better than it really is.
Any legitimate CPN is actually tied to your Social Security number, so it’s not a way to hide bad credit history. The only people who qualify for legitimate CPNs are people who have a need to protect their privacy, such as government officials, celebrities, and people in the witness protection program.
Legitimate CPNs aren’t sold on the open market: They’re free to those who need them and are available through the Social Security Administration.
Illegal CPNs are produced when companies sell numbers that purport to be CPNs. They are instead peddling recycled Social Security numbers. These are SSNs they’ve checked against public databases to find out whether they belong to people without any credit history.
The people whose numbers typically surface on such lists are children, the elderly, and people who’ve been incarcerated for many years. These are real people. If you use their Social Security number, even unwittingly, on the assumption that it’s a CPN, you could be charged with federal crimes such as identity theft and making a false statement on a loan application.
Such charges can result in fines and time behind bars.
In July 2021, eight defendants in Raleigh, North Carolina, pleaded guilty for accepting fees from clients in return for alleged credit repair services. According to the federal indictment in the case, what they were really doing was creating fake credit profiles and changing their clients’ credit data.
Acting United States Attorney G. Norman Acker III called the case an example of using CPNs to commit identity theft.
“The charges in this case largely involve the use of a false Social Security Number to obtain money, credit, or other valuables, under a false identity,” Acker said. “Synthetic identity frauds such as these often involve the use of what are referred to as ‘CPNs’ or alternate ‘credit profile numbers.’ These are nothing but fancy-sounding terms for Social Security Numbers that do not belong to you.
“The public needs to know that when you place a fraudulent Social Security Number or CPN on a bank credit application or loan document — you are committing a fraud, and you could face federal prison time for it.”
It’s pretty easy to spot CPN scams if you know what red flags to look for.
Be careful about dealing with any company that promises a new credit identity. If they tell you a CPN is a substitute for a Social Security number, don’t believe them, and if they try to sell you a CPN, remember that legal CPNs aren’t for sale.
Similarly, don’t believe any company that asks you to apply for an employer identification number. EINs are legal, but businesses use them when reporting to the IRS, and they’re not a substitute for Social Security numbers. Scammers, however, will try to tell you that they are.
Rebuilding your credit isn’t something that happens overnight, but that doesn’t mean it can’t be done. On the contrary, there are a number of ways to go about rebuilding your credit legitimately, without resorting to anything suspicious or illegal.
Credit counselors are available to help you build your credit. Credit counseling services can help you with things like budgeting, creating a debt management plan, dealing with debt collectors, repaying student loans, and other ways to improve your credit.
The National Foundation for Credit Counseling, or NFCC, is a national network of nonprofit credit counseling agencies that can help you find an accredited counselor to work with. Credit counselors are different from credit repair companies, which offer to help you repair your credit for a fee.
Credit repair companies will try to get errors removed from your credit reports by disputing inaccurate information. However, it’s possible to fix credit report errors yourself without paying someone else.
Be aware that no credit repair company can get negative marks removed from your credit file if they’re accurate.
The most important thing you can do to improve your credit is to make your payments on time, such as your credit card bills, loans, and utility payments. Your payment history affects your FICO® credit score more than any other single factor, accounting for 35% of the total. See more about how credit scores are calculated.
Payments that are more than 30 days late get reported to the three major credit bureaus and stay on your credit report for seven years. But keeping up with your payments consistently can build your credit, especially over time, because the length of your credit history also affects your credit score. See more about how late payments affect your credit history.
If you’re looking to rebuild your credit, a secured credit card can be an option worth exploring. You secure your card with a deposit (usually a few hundred dollars) in a linked account that’s only accessed if you miss a payment. But as you make payments on time, your credit score will probably rise. See more about using a secured credit card to build credit.
Your credit utilization ratio is the amount of debt you have on all your credit cards divided by your total credit limit. If you have a credit limit of $5,400 on four credit cards, for example, and owe a total of $1,200 on all four, your credit utilization ratio is 22.2%.
Experts advise borrowers to keep their credit utilization ratio below 30%, with the best credit scores typically going to those with a ratio of 10% or less.
Obtaining a CPN is not a legal way to get rid of poor credit. If someone’s trying to sell you one, it’s best to steer clear.
Instead of looking for a quick fix, pursue legitimate ways of building your credit, such as making your payments on time, reducing the amount of debt you're carrying, and consulting a credit counselor to develop an effective, long-term strategy.
Jeff Smith is the VP of Marketing at Self Financial. See his profile on LinkedIn.
Ana Gonzalez Ribeiro, MBA, AFC® is an Accredited Financial Counselor® and a Bilingual Personal Finance Writer and Educator dedicated to helping populations that need financial literacy and counseling. Her informative articles have been published in various news outlets and websites including Huffington Post, Fidelity, Fox Business News, MSN and Yahoo Finance. She also founded the personal financial and motivational site www.AcetheJourney.com and translated into Spanish the book, Financial Advice for Blue Collar America by Kathryn B. Hauer, CFP. Ana teaches Spanish or English personal finance courses on behalf of the W!SE (Working In Support of Education) program has taught workshops for nonprofits in NYC. | <urn:uuid:3d15a768-970a-4092-a4fb-c7116f3708f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.self.inc/blog/cpn-number | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.952231 | 1,727 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Many people might think of the phrase "backup plan" when asked to define contingency. However, in Fiedler's Contingency Model, contingency means "depends upon" or "fulfilment of a condition." Fred Fiedler was one of the first scholars to introduce the influence of the situation in determining leadership success in his 1967 book, "A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness."
Other People Are Reading
Fiedler's model assumes that personal leadership style is set at either task-oriented or relationship-oriented. Task-oriented leaders are focused on completing the job and tend to be autocratic. Relationship-oriented leaders put people first and employ creativity and teamwork to complete a project.
The style can be determined through a technique Fielder developed called the "Least Preferred Coworker" (LPC). The LPC test requires a leader to think about the person she's enjoyed working with the least and then rate that person on a series of traits including cooperation, friendliness, sincerity, trust and outlook. Fielder theorised that those leaders who gave higher ratings to LPCs were relationship-oriented leaders. Those who gave their LPCs low ratings were task-oriented leaders.
The Fiedler model also requires the leader to determine his situation. According to Fiedler, "situational favorableness" depends on three factors: leader-member relations, task structure and a leader's position and power. Leader-member relations refers to the level of confidence and trust team members give their leader. Task structure describes how much the leader and his followers understand about the task at hand. The leader's position and power has to do with how much influence, such as the ability to dole out positive or negative rewards, a leader brings to the situation.
Application of Fiedler's model involves aligning leadership style with situational favourableness for the most effective results. For example, task-structured leaders who have reward power will be more effective in situations where the group has been assigned a clearly defined task, according to Fiedler. Relationship-oriented leaders will be more effective in situations where the task is unclear and requires creativity and where the leader does not have reward authority but enjoys positive relationships with her team. Between these two bookends example are several potential leadership scenarios that depend on leader orientation and situational favourableness.
The strength of Fiedler's theory is its ability to predict leadership effectiveness as individual and organizational variables are introduced. In addition, Fiedler's model paved the way for other theories that have "no one perfect style of leadership" at their core, such as Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership.
Fiedler argues that it is easier for an organisation to change a situation to match a leader than it is for the leader to change his style. The model is inflexible and ignores a leader's potential for adaptability either through training or personal style. In addition, those who score in the middle of the LPC scale can not be decisively labelled as task-oriented or relationship-oriented, and the model does not allow for partial styles.
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- The University of British Columbia: An Overview and Discussion of Fred Fiedler's Contingency of Leadership Effectiveness | <urn:uuid:c719dd3f-c8ab-4c5a-8715-857583a64b99> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_7756327_fiedlers-contingency-theory-leadership.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00212-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94685 | 755 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Women's Movements, State Restructuring, and Global Development in Ecuador
Publication Year: 2007
Published by: Penn State University Press
Preface and Acknowledgments
Lynn Meisch has said, in rather ironic terms, that Ecuador had ‘‘the strongest indigenous movement and weakest economy in Latin America’’ at the turn of the century (Meisch 2000, 14; also quoted in Weismantel 2003, 330). Indeed, this is how most people hear about politics in Ecuador, through articles on either indigenous protests ...
List of Acronyms
In this book I examine one local setting in which women have politically mobilized to ‘‘encounter development’’ in Latin America: that of Quito, Ecuador. As I show, the political identities and strategies of women’s community-based and nongovernmental organizations in Quito are neither entirely radical nor traditional, nor necessarily original. ...
1 Myths of Progress: Citizenship, Modernization, and Women’s Rights Struggles in Ecuador
The historical relationship between women and the state in Ecuador is complex, multifaceted, and paradoxical. From the start, women’s rights struggles necessarily have taken place in multiple social spaces and have cut across a range of political, economic, and geographic sectors. ...
2 Ecuadorian Neoliberalisms and Gender Politics in Context
In 2000–2001, Ecuador’s foreign debt of U.S.$16 billion was the highest per capita debt in Latin America (see Table 1; World Bank 2001; Latin American Bureau 2001). At the time, Ecuadorians faced higher levels of unemployment and income inequality than they did prior to the introduction of SAPS. ...
3 Neoliberal Encounters: State Restructuring and the Institutionalization of Women’s Struggles for Survival
In May 1992, several neighborhood women’s organizations participated in a protest outside the Citibank office in Quito. Following a dispute regarding loan-repayment guidelines, Citibank–New York, the bank that headed the group of foreign lenders to the Ecuadorian government, had frozen U.S.$80 million of the Central Bank’s assets, ...
4 Women’s Community Organizing in Quito: The Paradoxes of Survival and Struggle
Since the inception of the restructuring process in the early 1980s, Ecuadorian civil society has been increasingly called upon to provide essential services for poor families. In many ways, it was poor families themselves—particularly women—who became the new civil society actors, a phenomena exemplified in the Borja ...
5 Remaking the Nation: Feminist Politics, Populist Nationalism, and the 1998 Constitutional Reforms
The 1997 political crisis reveals some of the gendered contradictions of neoliberal development, particularly as they play out in the context of nationalist politics. In August 1996, President Abdala
6 Making Dollars, Making Feminist Sense of Neoliberalism: Negotiations, Paradoxes, Futures
In this book I have aimed to address a set of gendered paradoxes concerning Ecuador’s trajectory of ‘‘development’’ and state restructuring preceding and during the neoliberal period of the 1980s and 1990s. These paradoxes are derived from several factors: ideologies of womanhood and imaginings of Ecuador as a nation; ...
Appendix: Chronology of Events
Page Count: 200
Illustrations: 1 table
Publication Year: 2007
OCLC Number: 74849717
MUSE Marc Record: Download for Gendered Paradoxes | <urn:uuid:ead61547-48ee-4620-8623-0cc411a24b2b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://muse.jhu.edu/book/7428 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00106-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.875541 | 736 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Two openly gay judges, Darrin Gayles and Staci Yandle, joined the federal bench yesterday, marking a milestone for several firsts. It was the first day that two openly gay judges were confirmed by the Senate. Gayles is also the first openly gay African-American to be confirmed to a federal bench with lifetime tenure. Further, Yandle is the first African-American and first openly gay judge to serve in her court in Illinois. In a statement from the National Black Justice Coalition, executive director and CEO, Sharon Lettman-Hicks said,
NBJC celebrates both confirmations that will inspire so many in the black and LGBT communities. In addition, we celebrate the vast life experiences that they will take with them to the federal bench as they work to render impartial decisions. It’s a significant sign of progress in our nation when two individuals are judged solely on their merits when being considered for these important lifetime appointments.
Read more about the story here. | <urn:uuid:9df5e1c0-600d-44f7-8dcb-0e9f056e6ca8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.glaad.org/blog/meet-two-judges-who-just-made-history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00069-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976153 | 201 | 1.5 | 2 |
The earthquake cycle is poorly understood. Earthquakes continue to occur on previously unrecognized faults. Earthquake prediction seems impossible. These remain the facts despite nearly 100 years of intensive study since the earthquake cycle was first conceptualized. Using data acquired from satellites in orbit 800 km above the Earth, a new technique, radar interferometry (InSAR), has the potential to solve these problems. For the first time, detailed maps of the warping of the Earth's surface during the earthquake cycle can be obtained with a spatial resolution of a few tens of metres and a precision of a few millimetres. InSAR does not need equipment on the ground or expensive field campaigns, so it can gather crucial data on earthquakes and the seismic cycle from some of the remotest areas of the planet. In this article, I review some of the remarkable observations of the earthquake cycle already made using radar interferometry and speculate on breakthroughs that are tantalizingly close. | <urn:uuid:367bc0d1-0ba1-435b-bc92-fb17a4bacbe1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1801/2873 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00067-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94944 | 193 | 3.890625 | 4 |
Mar 18, 12:00 AM
Rhonda Broussard grew up in Louisiana, with grandparents who spoke Creole and French. Her childhood fascination was the spark that ignited a career in language education. Broussard would go on to teach French all over the United States, eventually moving to St. Louis in 2006, where she continued her education at Washington University. Once here, Broussard noticed a void in local language education. "I couldn't figure out why there were no language immersion (programs) in St. Louis," she said. The concept behind immersion instruction is simple: students speak the language they are studying from the minute they enter the school to the minute they depart. | <urn:uuid:a482cb74-7c16-49d6-abc0-e4bbc290d9e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.mediabullpen.com/view/going-global | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.973481 | 147 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Save this primary source in .pdf format to your computer. Open it up and use a magnifying glass to look carefully at the political cartoon; if you are having trouble reading the text, use the transcription provided in the summary above.
The illustration shows both northern and southern points of view. What groups are represented in the northern point of view? What groups are represented in the southern point of view?
What issues do each group from the North raise? What issues do each group from the South raise?
What issues would you place under a tree of liberty for the United States today? Explain your choices.
What other observations, reflections or questions does this source inspire? Let us know! | <urn:uuid:786792d9-90fd-40d0-9a18-6c62e889da52> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://primarysourcenexus.org/2011/11/featured-source-tree-of-liberty/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00056-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9322 | 140 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Dunes Drive is an eight-mile (13 km) scenic drive that leads from the visitor center into the heart of the gypsum dunefield. The 16-mile (26km) round-trip drive takes approximately 45 minutes. However, you may want to allow additional time to explore the dunes, take photos, and/or learn about the natural and cultural history of the world's largest gypsum dunefield. Along the road, you will find outdoor exhibits, hiking trails, picnic areas, vault toilets, and parking areas.
The first five miles of Dunes Drive are paved and the last three miles are a hard-packed gypsum sand road. The road is suitable for cars, motorcycles, recreational vehicles, and buses.
Missile Tests and Road Closures
From time to time, White Sands Missile Range performs missile tests that may close Highway 70 to traffic. Depending on the nature of the testing, Dunes Drive may also be closed during missile tests for visitor safety. During these times, the visitor center remains open. Visitors are invited to view the museum exhibits, watch our 17-minute orientation film, and peruse the park store and gift shop while Dunes Drive is closed.
Motorists must abide all New Mexico motor vehicle laws, such as wearing seatbelts and obeying posted speed limits. Be aware that speed limits vary throughout the park from 45 mph down to 15 mph (72 kph –24 kph) in high visitor use areas. Therefore, be especially vigilant for pedestrians and people sledding near the roadway. Animals may also be on the road, especially during the early morning or evening. Use pullouts to make stops along the road.
Weather conditions can change drastically—from sudden downpours to dust storms. The road can be slippery when wet especially during the winter. It may also be harder to spot frozen water. For your safety, decrease your speed and brake gently to avoid skidding. Dust storms can drastically reduce visibility. Do not drive during a dust storm.
The nearest gas stations to the park are located in the town of Alamogordo, 13 miles northeast of the park on Highway 70. Be sure to fill up before coming to the park.
The dunefield is as rugged and untamable as it is scenic and awe inspiring. The strong winds that help create the dunes also necessitate constant road maintenance. Park staff use heavy equipment almost daily to clear sand drifts and grade Dunes Drive. During road maintenance, please slow down, maintain your distance, and wait for an appropriate moment to pass.
Riding a bicycle or motorcycle through the park offers unobstructed views of an ever-changing landscape and allows your senses to truly experience the sights and sounds of this unique place. Visitors planning to explore by motorcycle or bicycle should be aware that they are only allowed on Dunes Drive and not on hiking trails or off-trail in backcountry areas.
While motorcycles and bicycles are allowed on the road, it is not without its hazards. Expect large buses and RVs on the road, and there are several blind curves along the road. Dunes Drive will frequently have a rough "washboard" surface, potholes, and sand drifts. These hazards may make riding bicycle or motorcycle on Dunes Drive challenging. Obey all traffic regulations and wear bright colors, protective clothing, and a helmet.
Last updated: January 2, 2020 | <urn:uuid:3f1d7699-8776-4864-9ae5-a2d5bd0a22b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nps.gov/whsa/planyourvisit/driving-dunes-drive.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.948394 | 720 | 2.015625 | 2 |
What’s in it for ME?
Restorative Justice can bring those harmed by crime, and those responsible for the harm, into communication in a controlled and safe manner. It gives everyone affected an opportunity to play a part in repairing the harm and finding a way forward. It allows you to have your say, get answers to your questions and communicate with the offender in a way that suits you…
This could be done by meeting in person, by writing to one another, or by relaying messages through an impartial facilitator.
A crime against you can leave you with a variety of feelings and unanswered questions such as ‘Why did this happen to me?’, ‘Was I targeted?’ etc. The crime will have an affect your life, your employment, your family, your relationships, your children and your confidence. You may be able to recognise the difference in how your life was, and how it is afterwards. People report feeling alone, insignificant and unsupported to deal with the consequences of what has happened to you.
Restorative Justice has high satisfaction rates among victims who participate (94%), so it’s not surprising that more people are choosing to take advantage of this opportunity. Among the many healing effects of Restorative Justice, victims report:
- feeling empowered
- feeling part of the process
- feeling listened to and acknowledged
- having their peace of mind restored
- regaining their confidence and self-esteem
- finding closure and the strength to move on
When can I do this?
Restorative Justice can take place at any point in your journey and when you feel you may benefit the most. It can take place at any stage of the criminal justice process and beyond, so if the right time is months or years after a conviction, we will do our best to arrange this for you.
If the crime is going to Court, (and the offender pleads guilty) you could be asked if you would like to take part before the sentencing hearing. There will be no impact on the sentence, but it does give a further chance to have your voice heard in the court.
How does it work?
A trained facilitator will arrange to visit you to talk about the crime and its impact on you and others around you, and what could be done to make things better for you. They will aim to understand your wishes and priorities, run through the options available, and check which one feels right for you. Taking part is entirely voluntary, and you are free to withdraw at any time.
If you do decide to take part, your facilitator will support you throughout the whole process.. During this time, they will also begin visiting the offender to determine their willingness to be involved. With your permission, they will open the channels of communication by relaying messages between you. Then, when you’re both ready, they will deliver that carefully structured conversation in whichever format you have decided.
It’s your call…
Remember… Restorative Justice can take place at any time in your journey of recovery and you should never feel pressured into doing it. When you’re ready or would simply like more information, give us a call or email using the details below.
Telephone: 0191 300 8460
- Download the information leaflet for additional information
- RJ SERVICE Leaflet v3 (Jan20) (002)
- PRE-SENTENCE RJ – Information for Victims – Court Leaflet (v2) (002)
If you would like other support and advice following a crime, victims and their families throughout County Durham, Darlington and Cleveland can contact the Victim Care and Advice Service (VCAS).
You can contact them directly on Tel: 0303 0401099 or visit their website VCAS Website, or speak to the Hub officer who is dealing with your case who will be happy to support. | <urn:uuid:e593447c-532a-4344-ba43-c83c3400bbba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.restorativehub.org.uk/i-have-been-a-victim-of-crime/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.957503 | 809 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The remarkable main thing with the GRE article subjects usually theya€™re currently printed about established ETS site. This might seem ridiculous because handing out the queries ahead of time is not standard. Right now, employ this to your great advantage. You’ll find many of the GRE composition content the established ETS site.
But therea€™s a capture! Which you were wanting several, appropriate?
Perfectly, you can find close to 200 subject areas to all a€“ far too many to train answers upfront. Also, doing every one of these issues isn’t better like it is travelling to need lots of time and effort and there’s no point in mugging all of them up. You can also devote these times on discovering some mathematics. However, therea€™s a very good headlines. Simply scanning through both databases will offer excellent perception of the types of dilemmas and justifications that show abreast of taste time.
I recently earned abstraction somewhat simple for you, nevertheless. Many guides that visually show upon the GRE composition segment tends to be extensively sorted into five areas.
- Sciences and development
Therefore, next time whenever you train authorship an essay reply, you must write a minimum of one composition from every one of these categories. And memorize many estimates concerning all of these guides, as they begin to write my paper for cheap be useful.
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Directory of most useful composition quotes
Ia€™ve compiled a directory of easy-to-digest offers that will make it easier to publish the perfect article. Save this article Next, future address.
Listed here estimates from close thinkers were chosen based upon their unique relevancy to popular GRE article topics and for the company’s simple intake.
- The only great is facts and also the only wicked is definitely ignorance a€“ Socrates
- a people that price its advantages above their ideas quickly loses both a€“ Dwight D. Eisenhower
- Theoretically, there is certainly distinction between principles and exercise. But in rehearse, there’s a€“ Yogi Berra
- Slightly inaccuracy can sometimes help save a ton of answer a€“ H.H Munro
- Any clever fool can certainly make factors larger, more difficult and more violent. It takes a bit of genius a€“ and several courage a€“ to transfer during the other course a€“ E. F. Schumacher
- an opinion means that people consents to mention jointly what no person believes individually a€“ Abba Eban
- Non-cooperation with evil will be as much a responsibility as is assistance with excellent a€“ Mohandas Gandhi
- Whatever administration will never be a federal of guidelines, try a despotism, let it get called what it really may a€“ Daniel Webster
- Excellent people don’t want laws to inform them to perform responsibly, while awful people will discover a way around the legislation a€“ Plato
- By far the greatest reward that living gives is the possibility to work hard working really worth working on a€“ Theodore Roosevelt
- Its dangerous becoming suitable, after the federal was incorrect a€“ Voltaire
- The will of those certainly is the merely legitimate first step toward any government, and also to secure their free manifestation ought to be the basic subject a€“ Thomas Jefferson
- No world is definitely in shape to sit down in wisdom upon any other region a€“ Woodrow Wilson (28th U.S leader)
- The specialist is nothing minus the souvenir, yet the surprise is absolutely nothing without function a€“ Emile Zola
- The entire world is full of enlightened derelicts a€“ Calvin Coolidge
- a lie will get halfway throughout the globe until the real truth possess a big change to obtain the shorts on a€“ Winston Churchill
- Ita€™s definitely not how big is your canine through the struggle, ita€™s the length of the battle through the puppy a€“ tag Twain
- Lifetime stores but two tragedies. You’re never to get hearta€™s want, one other is to obtain they a€“ Socrates
- If lady havena€™t are present, all the money on earth will have no this means a€“ Aristotle Onasis
- Guys are definitely not interrupted by situations, yet the thought they capture of matter a€“ Epictetus
- As a rule, men fear much more about exactly what they cana€™t view than in regards to what they are able to a€“ Julius Caesar
Right now, these are generally some quotes. The target is to remember 5 or 6 of your respective favored quotations so that youa€™ll be able to contextually healthy one into the essay from the examination day. While exercising, you might glance at the variety of rates located above but if you could potentially bear in mind a certain quote apposite for your composition matter, try to make use of it a€“ one rate for every single composition.
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Composing essays is actuallyna€™t about the ingredient. Ita€™s the basics a large number of people leave. When you are planning to include some time to train creating essays, might increase the rating you might get by deploying a quote within your essays. | <urn:uuid:7ba23e5c-dadc-4951-84d6-ada798c7e440> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://taminfarm.com/2021/12/01/categorization-of-gre-essay-scoop-might-sound-nuts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.940592 | 1,222 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Current Affairs Daily
Current Affairs Daily: In this post, we sharing about Current Affairs. If you are preparing for a competitive exam visit our website for daily news updates.
Current Affairs 17 July 2021
Ques 1. The country’s first ‘Grain ATM’ has been establish as a pilot project?
Ans. Gurugram (Haryana)
Ques 2. Gautam Adani’s Adani Group has completed the acquisition of which airport?
Ans. Mumbai International Airport
Ques 3. The company developed the New Shepard launch system, which has received flight approval from?
Ans. blue origin
Ques 4. Which space agency has successfully conducted the third long-duration hot test of the liquidchid propellant development engine?
Ques 5. Who has launched an application for Grievance Management powered by Artificial Intelligence in New Delhi?
Ans. Rajnath Singh
Ques 6. The Union Cabinet has approved the agreement between India and which country on cooperation in coking coal?
Ques 7. How many years of Skill India Mission has been complete?
Ans. 6 years
Ques 8. Who has been made the leader of the house in the Rajya Sabha just before the monsoon session by the Modi government?
Ans. Piyush Goyal
Ques 9. Who has started the nationwide campaign “Safe Van, Dhan and Udyam with Kovid Vaccine” through virtual medium?
Ans. Arjun Munda
Ques 10. Delhi government has partnered with which company to endue real-time information about buses to the passengers?
Tags: current affairs, current affairs today, current affairs of today, current affairs in hindi, current affairs hindi, current affairs gk today. | <urn:uuid:e7da2be4-c5a4-49af-aa44-621d23ec3cd8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://notesplanet.com/current-affairs-daily-17-july-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.929476 | 408 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Venture capitalists have been investing record amounts of money in promising private companies, but the door appears to be closing on their endless largesse, particularly for new startups.
That's the latest from the MoneyTree report, produced by PriceWaterhouseCoopers and the National Venture Capital Association (NVCA). The report on venture capital activity for the first quarter of 2016 is out Friday.
In the first quarter of 2016, VCs invested $12.1 billion in 969 deals. While that's the ninth consecutive quarter with the dollar value of deals exceeding $10 billion, according to the report, the dollar amount is essentially flat compared to the fourth quarter of 2015, and it represents an 11 percent decrease compared to the first quarter or 2015. The number of deals fell five percent in the first quarter--and ten percent compared to the first quarter 2015.
In a troubling sign for startups and young companies, the amount of seed money and early stage capital took a sizable hit. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2015, seed funding in the first quarter fell 10 percent to $418 million. Early stage investment fell 18 percent to $4.2 billion over the same time period. Similarly, for companies that received their first-ever round of venture capital, the dollar volume of such investments fell 31 percent to $1.7 billion compared to the fourth quarter, and the number of deals decreased 16 percent to 297 over the same period.
By contrast, financing for more mature companies appears more plentiful. So-called expansion capital for such companies increased 25 percent to $4 billion, and late stage capital increased 10 percent to $3.5 billion. Established tech superstars, ranging from Uber to Snapchat to Palantir have collectively raked in billions of dollars over the past few years as such companies have stayed private longer, rather than approach public markets or seek other exits for investors.
The appeal of these technology companies to investors is reflected in the first quarter's mega-deals, the largest of which went to well-established companies. Car share company Lyft, founded in 2012, topped the list with a $1 billion investment from Rakuten Ventures and ecommerce giant Alibaba. Its competitor Uber, which was founded in 2009, raked in $200 million from LetterOne Technology and other undisclosed investors. And augmented reality company Magic Leap, founded in 2011, pulled in $794 million, in a round led by Alibaba. The biggest deals represented 25 percent of total funding for the quarter, which is a 7 percentage point increase compared to the fourth quarter of 2015.
When ranked by industry, software deals led the list by raking in $5 billion in the first quarter of this year, an increase of 12 percent compared to the fourth quarter of 2015-- but that's a decrease of ten percent compared to the first quarter of last year. The number of deals fell 5 percent to 376 in the first quarter of 2016 compared to the fourth quarter of 2015, which also represents a 17 percent decrease compared to the first quarter of 2015. And biotechnology companies took a hit. Such companies snagged $359 million in the first quarter. That amount, however, represents a 23 percent decrease compared to the first quarter of 2015. The volume of biotech deals fell 20 percent in the first quarter, to 118, which is also an 11 percent decrease compared to the first quarter of 2015.
"While total venture investment activity didn't jump out of the gate as quickly as last year, it was still a strong first quarter for venture activity compared to recent years," Bobby Franklin, president and chief executive of NVCA said in a press release.
And hopefully startups and early-stage companies can make up for the lost ground during the remainder of the year.
Correction: An earlier version of this story misstated the lead investor in the Magic Leap deal. It is Alibaba Group. | <urn:uuid:230dc414-ea05-4cb5-b239-d9326c3ac0e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inc.com/jeremy-quittner/venture-capital-data-depicts-lackluster-investment-environment.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.956295 | 777 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Common name: Dorothy's wattle
Acacia dorothea Maiden APNI*
Synonyms: Racosperma dorothea (Maiden) Pedley APNI*
Description: Erect or spreading shrub usually 0.3–4 m high, singled-stemmed or sometimes with mallee habit, suckers freely; bark smooth, grey or grey-brown; branchlets angled towards apices, sparsely to densely appressed-hairy, indumentum on new growth/shoots yellowish- or rusty-silky, aging ± silvery white.
Phyllodes ± oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, ± straight to slightly curved, 4–8 cm long (sometimes to 9.5 cm long), 5–20 mm wide, finely appressed-hairy, sometimes glabrescent with age, grey-green, midvein and marginal veins prominent, lateral veins ± obscure, apex acute with an oblique or hooked mucro; 1 ± prominent gland 10–40 mm above base and often at slightly indented margin, sometimes absent from some phyllodes; pulvinus 2–4 mm long.
Inflorescences 3–8 in an axillary raceme; axis 1–5 cm long; peduncles 2–3 mm long, appressed white-hairy; heads ± ovoid to short-cylindric, 0.5–0.8 cm long, 12–30-flowered, 5–10 mm long, bright or deep yellow.
Pods straight to slightly curved, ± flat, ± straight-sided to slightly or irregularly more deeply constricted between seeds, 3–6 cm long, 5–8 mm wide, thinly leathery, densely ± silky hairy with silvery white hairs; seeds longitudinal; funicle expanded towards seed.
Distribution and occurrence: from Newnes district to near Robertson.
Grows in dry sclerophyll forest, woodland or scrub, in sandy or clayey soils, on sandstone and granite, on plateaus, ridge tops and in steep gullies.
NSW subdivisions: CT
Related to Acacia barringtonensis which has sparse appressed white hairs on the phyllodes and globular flower heads. Maiden named the species after his daughter Dorothy.
Text by P.G. Kodela
Taxon concept: P.G. Kodela & G.J. Harden, Flora of NSW Vol. 2 (2002)
APNI* Provides a link to the Australian Plant Name Index (hosted by the Australian National Botanic Gardens) for comprehensive bibliographic data
***The AVH map option provides a detailed interactive Australia wide distribution map drawn from collections held by all major Australian herbaria participating in the Australian Virtual Herbarium project. | <urn:uuid:8b5d9706-b2a3-403f-a68d-74cb144b4382> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Acacia~dorothea | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00410-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.865012 | 577 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Indiana man sentenced to 8 months in federal prison for teaching people to beat lie-detectors (Police State USA)
Monday September 9th, 2013
ALEXANDRIA, VA — An Indiana man thought he had the freedom to speak about controversial topics and teach others what he knows. The Federal Government disagreed. This week that man found out that the penalty for free speech is 8 months in federal prison. He taught people how to beat polygraph tests. The case has sparked a debate about whether or not the right to lie, or teach others to lie, should be protected under the First Amendment. | <urn:uuid:096e1072-23ab-48c4-9dca-ae6565317968> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.informationliberation.com/print.php?id=44878 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00390-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942474 | 123 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Creating database by Doctorine
Nowadays, I am trying to understand using doctrine and zend together. However, I am struggling to create database via doctrine. I can launch database connection between zend and mysql but I am not sure how to utilize from doctrine 2. I searched a lot to find solution but could not find any guidelines for the beginners.Can anyone please explain or send any efficient resources about creating database with doctrine 2?
Users Browsing this Thread
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests) | <urn:uuid:b6760ee8-9439-49ff-b47f-c5665b00027a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.webdeveloper.com/forum/showthread.php?285559-Creating-database-by-Doctorine&p=1293843 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00169-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903742 | 111 | 1.601563 | 2 |
WHAT TO SAY WHEN YOUR TEAM’S LOSING…
‘It ain’t over till it’s over.’ Thanks, Yogi Berra. Yesterday, the legendary baseball player died at age 90. He was known for his catchphrases and his catcher skills – he won 10 championships with the Yankees, and appeared in more World Series games than any other player. He was also a Hall of Famer, named MVP three times, and inspired a cartoon character. And he knew that ‘when you come to a fork in the road, take it’ (yes, that was another ‘Yogi-ism ‘ attributed to him) — Berra became a MLB manager and coach after he retired from the field.
I was always a Yogi fan even before his great “Yogi-isms” began. I loved him because he always reminded me of the last guy to be picked to play. But after the game started you quickly realized he should of be picked first!
“You should always go to other people’s funerals, otherwise, they won’t come to yours.” Yogi of course | <urn:uuid:4741be99-32ad-449b-b642-09e8d117b934> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jimwork.com/category/words/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.988226 | 245 | 1.625 | 2 |
Today's Top SOA Links
From the Blogosphere
A Break in the Clouds
To optimize the performance of mobile apps or browsers, computation-heavy functions have been offloaded to cloud-based resources
By: Matt McLarty
Dec. 5, 2012 09:00 AM
A recent study by researchers at North Carolina State University and the University of Oregon describes a threat scenario that allows attackers to exploit cloud-based resources for malicious purposes like cracking passwords or launching denial-of-service attacks. The study has gotten a lot of attention, including articles in reputable sources like Dark Reading, Ars Technica and Network World.
In order to optimize the performance of mobile apps or browsers, some computation-heavy functions have been offloaded to cloud-based resources, which in turn access backend resources and Web pages. This creates a middle ground in the cloud that is exploited in the attack, which the authors call “Browser Map Reduce (BMR)”. In reading the paper, it’s clear that this is a legitimate threat. The authors actually carried it out using free resources, although they limited the scope in order not to be abusive.
Aside from questions of curiosity around the mechanics of the vulnerability, the obvious question is this: How can we mitigate this threat? Here are a few perspectives here as well as a method for each.
Apps – This “cloud offload” architecture has arisen because of the processing limitations of mobile devices. When a backend resource is requested by a mobile user, it makes sense to have the data returned in the most consumable format, in order to optimize user experience. Whenever possible, instead of doing this through “browser offload”, data should be returned as JSON objects. This API approach is a proven method that works for mobile devices and is not subject to the BMR threat.
Cloud Services – This threat should not be viewed as a dismissal of the “cloud offload” approach. Cloud-based resources are necessary for handling caching, data indexing and other key functions in the mobile paradigm. However, it serves as a warning that these dedicated cloud-based resources cannot be considered part of a walled garden that includes the associated mobile app. The resource’s entry point must be protected against attackers. Layer 7’s SecureSpan Mobile Access Gateway is an ideal choice for this access control, as it uses identity-based measures to ensure that only requests from legitimate sources are serviced.
Web-Based Resources – Although the backend Web resource was not exploited in this scenario, the study is a reminder that the topology of the mobile Web is changing and increasing in complexity. P2P app-to-API connections cannot be assumed and therefore inbound API calls cannot be implicitly trusted. API access must be controlled and the SecureSpan API Proxy is a leading solution for this purpose.
To sum up, this is a legitimate threat but not a reason to abandon the use of cloud-based resources for mobile app optimization. Be aware of the threats, employ the mitigations and then you can continue to enjoy the exciting growth of the mobile Web.
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Most Read This Week | <urn:uuid:807c6ab9-3d48-4c5b-8a3d-837b451c2981> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://br.sys-con.com/node/2469335 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00330-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914359 | 681 | 2.421875 | 2 |
HOUSTON - They are stories of inspiration and hope to help kick off the Texas Medical Center's fifth-annual celebration of life.
It's a part of a national month-long awareness campaign that recognizes those who have received, given or continue to wait for life-saving transplants.
Transplant recipients and donors along with their families shared their emotional testimonies in front of The Methodist Hospital on Thursday.
Across the country, 117,000 men, women and children are waiting for a life-saving transplants. In Houston, more than 3,000 residents are waiting for their second chance.
Every day, 75 lives are saved through organ transplantation across the country.
Shelby Gonzales is a mother who choose to donate her 11-month-old daughter's organs after she was killed in a tragic accident.
"Although she's gone physically, she still lives in someone else. Her heart's still beating," Gonzales said.
For the first time, on Jan. 26, Gonzales got the chance to meet Braydin McClelland, the little boy who was once dying from an enlarged heart. He received Gonzales' daughter's heart, which saved his life.
"Meeting him and seeing him and to see how great he is doing confirmed to us that we made the right choice," Gonzalez said.
Currently, 3.6 million donors are registered on the Donate Life Texas Registry, the official database of Texans who designate themselves to be organ, eye and tissue donors. When the registry was created in 2006, it generated only 72,000 registrants its first year.
Countless others have their lives renewed through tissue donation and many others have their sight restored through corneal transplants.
Even so, 18 people die every day due to the lack of available transplantable organs. Every 10 minutes, someone receives the overwhelming news that his or her only hope for survival is a transplant.
To become an organ donor, register online at www.donatelifetexas.org or at any Department of Public Safety office or through the Department of Motor Vehicles when renewing vehicle tags.
Copyright 2013 by Click2Houston.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | <urn:uuid:53ef9073-1002-4f55-906b-edc9fda52b66> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.click2houston.com/news/texas-medical-center-kicks-off-national-donate-for-life-month | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00178-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966384 | 461 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Internet safety awareness
Use strong passwords
A strong password is your first defence against hackers and cyber criminals.
To create a strong password simply choose three random words. Numbers and symbols can still be used if needed, however, using three random words is the key to creating a strong password.
Last updated: 02/11/2016 11:16 | <urn:uuid:5508667f-03e1-4e21-bd06-0b2a804610d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk/info/200030/crime_prevention/1304/internet_safety_awareness | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00139-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.877462 | 70 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The Social Media Strategy That Brings An Impact To Your Brand Identity
Social media has become one of the most effective branding and marketing tools of the current time. Proper utilization of social media tools can lead to a stronger relationship and connection between businesses and their clients. Many businesses have however failed to realize the importance of creating a clear, distinctive social media strategy before diving into it. Working without a plan can only lead to wastage of resources or even worse, negative results on business relations. To help you achieve an effective and beneficial social media experience, here is guide to creating a strategy that will positively impact your brand identity.
Create Measurable Objectives
Social media can achieve a wide range of different business objectives. Specify the goals that need to be realized, whether it is customer loyally, retention, awareness etc. To achieve more than one objective, it is better to initially focus on one and then move to the rest in a systematic manner.
Define how to Measure Progress
Like any other project, it is vital to keep your social media strategy in check every other time. Are they making a difference? How do you know when they are making a positive impact on the business and when they are not? There should be a promise for return on investment.
Spread Social Goals and Impacts Across the Organization
While there should be a specific team that conceives and operates the strategy, everyone in the organization should be aware of its existence. Some of the other members could occasionally come up with ideas that are unique and great selling points for social media public relations. Social media should not be owned by a single person.
Analyze the Target Audience
It is important for an organization to know their target audience they want to interact with. What are their locations, ages, gender, financial and social bracket etc. Different types of audiences might need different approaches to interaction on social media.
Create personas for each target audience, if you have more than one. It should be a detailed profile of the current clients or prospective clients. It should include a name for each persona, their likes and dislikes, what is likely to motivate them and other relevant qualities.
Assess the Competition
Your competition tries to achieve the same things as your organization. It is important to take advantage of their successes and failures to better your situation. The things they do that don’t work are a sign of what or how it should not be done, and vice versa.
Pick a few of your competitors, the biggest ones. Study their approach to social media, the networks they choose, their type of content, their tone, whether or not they talk about their product etc. From there you can go ahead and decide what yours should look like.
Plan for Specific Channels
Using Facebook is not the same as using Instagram or Tumblr, Twitter and the others. It is recommended to make a decision to use specific channels that are mostly used by the target audience and then create plans for each. It would be worthless to have an account on all social media channels in the world and not be effective in any of them. Your plan should be concrete enough to explain why the channels are preferred and what tactics are to be employed on each.
Develop a Content Plan
Engaging material keeps users around; it’s why people spend lots of time in social media. The content should be in agreement with the general image of the company and the basic rules that define what is appropriate for the channel. Use different types of content; images, audio, animations, video, infographics and any other engaging media. Content should be posted on a regular basis to ensure your continuous presence in channel is felt. It is not compulsory that all content be created by you, sometimes sharing relevant, great content generated by your clients and other users is just as effective.
Be unique and at the Same Time Socially Appealing
Products features and statistical values do not create a passion and do not touch the hearts of social media users. It is important to find a way to appeal to the audience as an organization that is more than just products, be an organization that is also about inspiring people. Some companies will package themselves as being those who inspire innovation, others as sport enthusiasts, dream chasers, believers in magic, just what relates to the peoples’ social aspects. | <urn:uuid:0693f8d1-5ffd-4bab-b34b-5e8e1707e66e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://wsiwebefectivo.com/the-social-media-strategy-that-brings-an-impact-to-your-brand-identity.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94909 | 879 | 1.601563 | 2 |
On rare occasions, Venus passes between the Earth and the Sun. During the twenty-first century, it will happen twice, once in the year 2004, and once in the year 2012. Such events are called Venus Transits.
The following photographs were taken from the roof of Angell Hall on the campus of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan during the last Venus Transit (the morning of June 8, 2004, between 6:00 a.m. and 7:25 a.m).
Dr. Patrick Seitzer (from the U-M Astronomy Department) used a cardboard box to display an image of the Sun allowing several people to view the Transit at the same time. This photograph shows the cardboard box and the image of the Sun. The disk of Venus is clearly visible (the black dot on the left side of the sun).
Dr. Mario Mateo (also from the U-M Astronomy Department) used eye-piece projection to display the Venus Transit onto a sheet of paper he held in his hand. This also allowed several people to view the Transit at the same time. Venus is visible as a small black dot on the surface of the sun in this photograph. | <urn:uuid:8ad04339-a66d-499e-9a9d-1779dc5b4252> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.umich.edu/~lowbrows/astrophotos/venus-transit/nielsen.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00481-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956683 | 243 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Highly regarded for its practical case studies and accessible writing, Norman Nise's "Control Systems Engineering" has become the top selling text for this course. It takes a practical approach, presenting clear and complete explanations. Real world examples demonstrate the analysis and design process, while helpful skill assessment exercises, numerous in-chapter examples, review questions and problems reinforce key concepts. In addition, "What If" experiments help expand an engineer's knowledge and skills. Tutorials are also included on the latest versions of MATLAB(R), the Control System Toolbox, Simulink(R), the Symbolic Math Toolbox, and MATLAB(R)'s graphical user interface (GUI) tools. A new progressive problem, a solar energy parabolic trough collector, is featured at the end of each chapter. Ten new simulated control lab experiments now complement the online resources that accompany the text. This edition also includes Hardware Interface Laboratory experiments for use on the MyDAQ(R) platform from National Instruments(TM). A tutorial for MyDAQ(R) is included as Appendix D. | <urn:uuid:bd2c60a6-35c0-4f2b-bb60-dc29d73a378f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.zookal.com/control-systems-engineering-9781118170519/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00487-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88883 | 215 | 2.40625 | 2 |
HKU study reveals strong demand for a Special Needs Trust for
people with intellectual disability
10 Jan 2017
A survey has found that there is a strong demand for a Special Needs Trust (SNT) in Hong Kong to provide affordable financial planning services for individuals with intellectual disability, and for the Government to act as the trustee of such a trust.
The survey, which targeted at parents of individuals with intellectual disability, was carried out in 2016 by Professor Lusina Ho and Associate Professor Rebecca Lee at the Faculty of Law of the University of Hong Kong (HKU) and the Concern Group of Guardianship System and Financial Affairs*.
According to government statistics, between 71,000 and 101,000 people in Hong Kong are persons with intellectual disability. As existing mechanisms for the financial planning for these individuals are limited, many parents are concerned that after their passing, the care for their children with intellectual disability would be upset. Following the 2016 Policy Address of the Hong Kong Government, the Labour and Welfare Bureau is exploring the feasibility of setting up a trust to provide affordable financial services to these individuals.
What is a Special Needs Trust (SNT)?
An SNT is an affordable trust specially designed for people with special needs (including people with intellectual disability). An SNT can reduce the cost of administration by pooling funds contributed by parents for management and investment. However, like in an MPF, the amounts designated for each beneficiary will be segregated.
To participate in such trusts, the parents (as settlors) with the help of the trustee and its case manager devise a care plan, which sets out the expenditures needed for the dependent-beneficiary, write a letter of intent that appoints a caregiver to succeed them and explains how the trust fund should be disbursed for the benefit of the dependent and after the dependent passes away, and then transfer a nominal sum to set up the trust. They also execute a will to transfer a substantial amount from their estate into the trust on their death, e.g. they may instruct the executor to sell their flat and put the proceeds into the trust fund. Of course, the parents may also transfer substantial assets into the trust during their lifetime.
When the parents pass away, the trust will be activated. The trustee will then make periodic distribution to the succeeding caregiver according to the letter of intent and care plan. The trustee’s case manager can make periodic visits to the dependent to check that the caregiver is looking after the dependent. Upon the dependent’s passing, the trustee will distribute the surplus to any person(s) indicated in the letter of intent.
Strong demand for a government-operated SNT
The first territory-wide questionnaire survey of parent opinions on setting up an SNT received an overwhelming response of over 2,500 valid returns. The survey results show that parents of individuals with intellectual disability consider existing legal mechanisms for financial planning inadequate. The results suggest that:
(1) there is a strong demand for an SNT to be established in Hong Kong;
(2) the parents’ top priority (and the exclusive preference of almost half of them) is for the Government to act as the trustee of the SNT;
(3) if the Government acts as trustee, nearly half of the parents surveyed are likely or very likely to participate in the SNT;
(4) the following features of the SNT are most attractive to parents:
- the provision of a case manager to monitor the care received by their children;
- the annual fees of the SNT do not exceed 1% of the managed assets; and
- the presence of parent representation in trust management; and
(5) parents who are most likely to participate in the SNT are aged 40-59 looking after dependents with intellectual disability aged 39 or below, and the dependents are with mild or moderate intellectual disability and are not in receipt of any social welfare benefits (except Disability Allowance).
The research is supported by RGC General Research Fund 2016-2017 (project number: 17612916). The survey report (in bilingual versions), press photos and presentation slides can be downloaded from www.snt.support. Or click this link to view the survey report.
For media enquiries, please contact:
Ms Scarlette Cheung, Faculty of Law, HKU (Tel: 39172919; Email: firstname.lastname@example.org); or Ms Melanie Wan, Communications and Public Affairs Office, HKU (tel: 2859 2600; Email: email@example.com).
* The Concern Group of Guardianship System and Financial Affairs is established by a group of parents and caregivers of persons with intellectual disability. Its mission is to strive for a better adult guardianship system through examining its current weaknesses and seeking for improvements of the policies and institutions pertaining to adult guardianship. It is hoped that these efforts will enhance personal care and financial management arrangements for individuals with intellectual disability in Hong Kong. | <urn:uuid:06f492b2-ec68-47eb-bb54-ab6cfe4e9585> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hku.hk/press/news_detail_15795.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00451-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938025 | 1,018 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Doctors are incredibly busy people. Their day is filled with seeing patients, reading test results, and filling out paperwork. EHR/EMR implementation is going a long way to help make their practice more efficient, but there is a new concept evolving that may change the way healthcare is handled.
Bradley Kreit of FastCoExist.com is where I first heard about microwork, a concept that involves breaking down complex processes into simple tasks that are distributed to other people who perform these tasks for a small fee. This concept is not really developed in healthcare yet, but there is tremendous potential.
While clearly most people are not qualified to perform the tasks of a doctor, there are certain tasks that could be performed by other people. In developed countries like the US it could help to cut costs and make things more efficient, but in less developed countries it could provide better health and well being.
Like so many things in mHealth the sky is really the limit for microwork. It is still a relatively new concept, but with time it will be really interesting to see how it gets implemented to make healthcare more effective, and efficient. | <urn:uuid:c1781afc-2af5-4e5d-9eef-1afa4678333d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.smartphonehc.com/tag/simplifying-healthcare/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00077-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974412 | 230 | 2.5 | 2 |
A new study, published in Translational Psychiatry, claimed that the supplement EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) “improves attention and vigilance in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and low endogenous EPA levels.” However, an examination of the results shows that EPA did not improve ADHD symptoms, overall functioning, or overall cognitive performance in kids and teens.
The research was led by Jane Pei-Chen Chang and Kuan-Pin Su, affiliated both with King’s College London and with China Medical University, Taiwan.
The researchers tested Taiwanese kids, aged 6-18. One group took a high-dose EPA supplement, and another group took placebo pills. The researchers measured a number of outcomes after 12 weeks. Overall, they found no positive results for any of these tests. In fact, on one test, they found that the placebo group did better.
They used the SNAP-IV (Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV) to measure ADHD symptoms, and had it rated by parents, teachers, and the children/adolescents themselves (self-report). The researchers found no difference between those taking EPA and those taking placebo in terms of teacher-reported and self-reported symptoms.
However, there was a difference in the parent-reported symptoms: the placebo group did better than the EPA group.
They used the SDQ (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire) to assess emotion, behavioral changes, and social functioning. There was no difference between those taking EPA and those taking a placebo.
They used the WISC-IV (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition) to assess multiple dimensions of memory function and reported that there was no difference between those taking EPA and those taking a placebo.
They used the CPT (Continuous Performance Test) to measure many dimensions of cognitive functioning. On the overall test, there was no difference between those taking EPA and those taking a placebo.
At this point in the analysis, there were no differences between the placebo group’s functioning and the EPA group’s functioning, except one: the placebo looked better to parents. Parents rated kids taking placebo as having fewer ADHD problems than kids taking EPA.
The researchers then separated out all the subscales within each of these tests to see if there were any positive results in very particular subscales. This could be considered over-testing: creating more and more tests until you find some sort of positive results, even if that means they might be more likely to be due to chance. Of note, some of these tests were not included in their initial, pre-registered study design as reported on clinicaltrials.gov. The researchers appear to have measured 34 items, including both total scales and subscales—although some of these were poorly reported and are only found in supplementary tables.
The researchers found minimal effects on these tests. Additionally, the effects they did find weren’t always in the direction the researchers hypothesized.
However, they identified two results on CPT subscales: on focused attention (the “variability” subscale), the EPA group appeared to do better than the placebo group. But, on impulsivity (the “commission error” subscale), the EPA group did worse and the placebo group did better.
In sum, out of 34 subscale tests, there was one test in favor of EPA (“variability”), and there were two tests in favor of placebo (parent-reported ADHD symptoms and “commission errors”). The other 31 tests showed no difference between EPA and placebo.
In addition, the final scores for variability were very similar between the EPA group and the placebo group (see “VAR” for variability in the table). The EPA group’s average was 133.81, while the placebo group’s average was 132.91. These scores are not significantly different, but the placebo group started with a much lower score than the EPA group (117.36 compared to 139.21). So even though the placebo group and the EPA group were actually doing almost exactly as well at the 12-week point—and the placebo group even had a slightly lower score than the EPA group, the amount that the scores changed was different, and came out in favor of EPA.
Interestingly, a similar statistical artifact worked against the researchers for the other score, that of commission error (COM in the table). At the week 12 point, the EPA group’s average was 0.49, while the placebo group’s average was 0.48. In this case, the placebo group started with a higher score (0.58 compared to 0.53), so its change-over-time looked better in comparison.
It is possible that both of these findings (the one in favor of EPA, and the one in favor of placebo) are examples of regression to the mean—a statistical effect where when someone starts with a higher (or lower) score, it’s likely to move toward the average over time no matter what intervention they’re given.
After this analysis, the researchers then created subgroups based on whether the children and adolescents also had a diagnosis of ODD (about half of them did). Again, this could be considered an example of continuing to create new tests that were not part of the original study design (as evidenced by their pre-registered methods on clinicaltrials.gov)
They found that on that VAR scale (“variability,” the CPT’s focused attention scale), those with ODD appeared to improve more than those without that diagnosis, after being given the EPA intervention. They do not provide a table for these numbers but based on the confidence interval (CI), it is likely this is again a statistical artifact. A CI is a statistical way of measuring how likely this is to be due to chance, and if it includes zero, it is statistically insignificant. This CI goes from 0.07 to 1.23, one end of which is very close to zero.
Next, the researchers created more subgroups based on the participants’ own pre-existing EPA levels, which were tested before the intervention was given. Again, this is another analysis that was not part of their original study design on clinicaltrials.gov.
The researchers split the participants in what appears to be an arbitrary manner in order to create three roughly equal groups. They “were further stratified in groups based on EPA levels (EPA ≤ 0.91%, n = 29; >0.91 to 1.08%, n = 30; and EPA > 1.08%, n = 27).” The researchers do not explain this stratification, nor do they cite any sources for why people with 1.07% EPA levels might be different from people with 1.09% EPA levels. In fact, at least in one study, EPA levels for adults were in the 1.31% to 2.37% range. It’s unclear what the appropriate EPA levels for children would be, and it may vary by age. None of the articles cited by the researchers provide context for healthy children’s EPA levels.
It would be a flaw in the analysis if the stratification system appeared to sort the children by age. If the younger children had lower EPA levels, while the teens had higher EPA levels, the results might not be due to EPA levels at all, but age and maturity.
The results showed almost no differences between groups. The researchers report three CPT subscales that showed differences.
The results of one subscale (COM) were that youth with higher EPA levels did better if they took the placebo. On two other subscales (HRT and HRTISIC), youth with lower EPA levels did better if they took EPA.
It is important to note that these tests may be poor measures for assessing how kids actually behave. Slight differences in reaction time are responsible for the HRT and HRTISIC scores (the test is called “hit reaction time”). These are basically intelligence tests (the WISC-IV is explicitly an intelligence test), which have been shown to be unreliable for predicting other outcomes for children unless there are large differences in scores.
Interestingly, the researchers stopped reporting their subscale results at this point. It could be argued that the only tests that really matter are the parent, teacher, and self-reported ADHD measures, since that’s the concern that would likely lead to children being assessed for this treatment in the first place.
Those results are there, though, buried deep in the supplemental materials (available for download from the publisher’s site). This data includes all the subscales of the SNAP-IV ADHD measures (there are four subscales each for the parent, teacher, and self-report measures) and the subscales of the SDQ (seven total), all stratified by low, intermediate, and high EPA levels.
These results show that for youth with low and intermediate EPA levels, there were no differences in any of the SNAP-IV or SDQ measures. That is, kids with low and intermediate EPA levels had the same ADHD scores and emotion/social functioning scores, whether they took the EPA supplement or the placebo.
For youth with higher EPA levels, four of these subscales showed that they did better on placebo than on EPA. The other 15 subscales showed no difference between those taking a placebo and those taking EPA.
So the total—when stratified by EPA levels—is five subscales showing that youth did better on placebo (if they had high EPA levels), two subscales finding that they did better on EPA (if they had low EPA levels), and 27 subscales reporting that youth did exactly the same whether they took EPA or a placebo (no matter what their EPA levels were).
Chang, J. P., Su, K., Mondelli, V., Satyanarayanan, S. K., Yang, H., Chiang, Y., . . . & Pariante, C. M. (2019). High-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) improves attention and vigilance in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and low endogenous EPA levels. Translational Psychiatry, 9(303). DOI:10.1038/s41398-019-0633-0 (Link) | <urn:uuid:08245310-4224-4aa8-b306-f6de730b8f76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.madinamerica.com/2019/11/despite-claims-epa-supplement-not-improve-adhd-symptoms-youth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.964604 | 2,149 | 2.40625 | 2 |
A London design studio called BERG has introduced an innovative new garget called the “Little Printer.” With an innocent smile and a charming comb over, the block-sized cube produces personalized print-outs the size of receipts.
The papers can include newspaper headlines, news about your friends from social media sites, daily puzzles, your agenda for the day and other services you can subscribe to through your Smart phone.
“Little Printer lives in your home, bringing you news, puzzles and gossip from friends,” the BERG Cloud website read. “Use your smartphone to set up subscriptions and Little Printer will gather them together to create a timely, beautiful mini-newspaper.”
For the product’s 2012 launch, BERG has partnered with Google, the U.K.’s Guardian newspaper, Nike, Foursquare and Arup, a global consulting firm.
The gadget appears to be the product of two worlds colliding: the traditional world of printed newspapers and the modern era of digitally aggregating news, often through social media sources.
“Paper is like a screen that never turns off,” BERG’s Matt Webb said in a statement. “You can stick [it] to the fridge or tuck it in your wallet. You can scribble on it or tear it and give it to a friend.”
Little Printer holds a “compact, inkless, thermal printer” inside of its box body. It connects wirelessly to an included small box that plugs into a broadband router and the owner’s smartphone acts as a remote control.
BERG Cloud is is the design studio’s “new technology for connecting and controlling wireless products in the home” that the company announced in conjunction with Little Printer.
An introduction video on the BERG Cloud website lets potential customers imagine how they could use Little Printer.
Little Printer will be available for purchase in 2012 and BERG is expected to begin taking pre-orders soon. | <urn:uuid:8fa267a6-32d1-4c3c-8c3a-0187a8e38ed8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2011/11/little-printer-produces-personalized-mini-newspapers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00297-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926138 | 426 | 1.609375 | 2 |
American parties routinely go through periods of ascendancy, decline, and deadlock. From 1896 to 1930, the Republican Party reigned supreme; from 1932 to 1968, the New Deal Democrats dominated; following a period of deadlock, the Reagan Republicans held sway during the 1980s. After the parties exchanged the White House, Democrats appeared to take command of American politics in 2008. In that election, Obama and the Democrats won not only the White House but also large majorities in the Senate and House, plus a decided edge in governor's mansions and state legislatures.
At the time, some commentators, including me, hailed the onset of an enduring Democratic majority. And the arguments in defense of this view did seem to be backed by persuasive evidence. Obama and the Democrats appeared to have captured the youngest generation of voters, whereas Republicans were relying disproportionately on an aging coalition. The electorate's growing ethnic diversity also seemed likely to help the Democrats going forward.
These advantages remain partially in place for Democrats today, but they are being severely undermined by two trends that have emerged in the past few elections—one surprising, the other less so. The less surprising trend is that Democrats have continued to hemorrhage support among white working-class voters—a group that generally works in blue-collar and lower-income service jobs and that is roughly identifiable in exit polls as those whites who have not graduated from a four-year college. These voters, and particularly those well above the poverty line, began to shift toward the GOP decades ago, but in recent years that shift has become progressively more pronounced.
The more surprising trend is that Republicans are gaining dramatically among a group that had tilted toward Democrats in 2006 and 2008: Call them middle-class Americans. These are voters who generally work in what economist Stephen Rose has called "the office economy." In exit polling, they can roughly be identified as those who have college—but not postgraduate—degrees and those whose household incomes are between $50,000 and $100,000. (Obviously, the overlap here is imperfect, but there is a broad congruence between these polling categories.)
The defection of these voters—who, unlike the white working class, are a growing part of the electorate—is genuinely bad news for Democrats, and very good news indeed for Republicans. The question, of course, is whether it is going to continue. It's tough to say for sure, but I think there is a case to be made that it will.
The two trends Judis should be looking for to explain why the middle-class is becoming more Republican are ones we've talked about on this blog time and again: the destruction of the black and Latino middle-class, and the rise of voter suppression.
It's easy to make that case that middle-class Americans are going to become more and more Republican because the middle-class is leaving black and Latino voters behind. It's becoming more and more white, and the reason why is simple: the Bush economic collapse in 2007-2008 destroyed the black and Latino middle class for a generation. The typical black family has 8% of the wealth of the typical white family. Eight. Percent. There effectively is no black middle class left. It's nearly as bad for Latinos as well. Black and Latino workers have been kicked out of the "office economy" in droves over the last six years and at every turn Republicans have blocked job plans that would allow people to work their way back into the middle class.
The other half of the puzzle is Republican voter suppression in dozen of states, where urban voters in precincts that are heavily black and/or Latino have to suffer through long lines and use outdated equipment, have to provide voter IDs, and where states have limited or eliminated early voting in order to suppress black and Latino voting specifically. You combine the two factors and you have this "emerging Republican middle-class voting bloc" that was always there, it just doesn't have black or Latino voters to counter it anymore.
That's your real "Republican advantage". And no, it doesn't look like it's going to change anytime soon. | <urn:uuid:cd27ba5f-f698-4020-9363-f0795551bf89> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://zandarvts.blogspot.com/2015/02/mirages-in-desert-of-real.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00276-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975116 | 833 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Renowned international experts Peter B. Smith, Mark F. Peterson, and David C. Thomas, editors of the The Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management, have drawn together scholars in the field of management from around the world to contribute vital information from their cross-national studies to this innovative, comprehensive tome. Chapters explore links between people and organizations, providing useful cultural perspectives on the most significant topics in the field of organizational behavior—such as motivation, human resource management, and leadership —and answering many of the field’s most controversial methodological questions. Key Features Presents innovative perspectives on the cultural context of organizations: In addition to straightforward coverage of structures and processes, this Handbook addresses locally distinctive, indigenous views of organizational processes from around the world and considers the interplay of climate and wealth when analyzing how organizations operate. Offers an integrated theoretical framework: At the start of each substantive section, the Editors provide context for the upcoming chapters by discussing how prevalent cultures in different parts of the world place emphasis on particular aspects of organizational processes and outcomes. Boasts a global group of contributing scholars: This Handbook features contributing authors from around the world who represent an outstanding mix of respected, long-standing scholars in cross-cultural management as well as newer names already impacting the literature. Provides an authoritative agenda for the future development of the field: All chapters conclude with a list of promising avenues for further research and a focus on issues that remain unresolved.Intended AudienceThis Handbook is an ideal resource for researchers, instructors, professionals, and graduate students in fields of business, management, and psychology.
Chapter 8: Organizational Justice and Reward Allocation
Organizational Justice and Reward Allocation
Justice is probably one of the most important issues underlying any human interaction. As soon as two individuals need to interact with each other to exchange needed or desired goods, issues of justice and fairness come to the fore. Imagine two people stranded on an empty island. They need to regulate and solve problems such as the organization of food gathering and how much food each person is allowed to eat. Or imagine, if one gathers the firewood, is the other person allowed to share the fire? These questions arise in any social interaction independent of cultural context, and questions equivalent to this desert island scenario are routinely studied in organizational justice and reward allocation research. | <urn:uuid:16205158-0b9f-4560-9d3e-3ad46cdc473f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/hdbk_crosscultmgmt/n8.xml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.904785 | 478 | 2.078125 | 2 |
What is the Scope of a Mandatory Exclusion Brought Under Section 1128(a)(4) of the Social Security Act (Act)?
(December 22nd, 2020): The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of Inspector General (OIG) exercises both mandatory and permissive exclusion authority with respect to Federal health care programs. In a recent New York case, the OIG was required by law to mandatorily exclude an individual for a minimum of five years due to her recent prosecution and guilty plea to a State felony in a controlled substances diversion case. While the facts in this case are relatively routine, there are a number of important points that are addressed in the petitioner’s appeal of the OIG exclusion action. This article examines those points.
I. Background Facts:
“[a] person is guilty of criminal possession of a controlled substance in the fourth degree when he knowingly and unlawfully possesses…one or more preparations, compounds, mixtures, or substances containing a narcotic drug and said preparations, compounds, mixtures, or substances are of an aggregate weight of one-eighth ounce or more.”
II. Impact of a State Conviction on an Individual’s Exclusion Status:
Mandatory Exclusion Provisions
Social Security Act Section
42 U.S.C. Section
Conviction of Program-Related Crimes. Any individual or entity that has been convicted of a criminal offense related to the delivery of an item or service under subchapter XVIII or under any State health care program.
Conviction Relating to Patient Abuse. Any individual or entity that has been convicted, under Federal or State law, of a criminal offense relating to neglect or abuse of patients in connection with the delivery of a health care item or service
Felony Conviction Relating to Health Care Fraud. Any individual or entity that has been convicted for an offense which occurred after August 21, 1996, under Federal or State law, in connection with the delivery of a health care item or service or with respect to any act or omission in a health care program (other than those specifically described in paragraph (1)) operated by or financed in whole or in part by any Federal, State, or local government agency, of a criminal offense consisting of a felony relating to fraud, theft, embezzlement, breach of fiduciary responsibility, or other financial misconduct.
Felony Conviction Relating to a Controlled Substance. Any individual or entity that has been convicted for an offense which occurred after August 21, 1996, under Federal or State law, of a criminal offense consisting of a felony relating to the unlawful manufacture, distribution, prescription, or dispensing of a controlled substance.
Conviction of Two Mandatory Exclusion Offenses.
Conviction on Three or More Occasions of Mandatory Exclusion Offenses.
Failure to Meet its Obligations Under the Physician Shortage Area Scholarship Program or repay Health Education Assistance Loans (HEAL).
III. Collateral Attacks on an Underlying Conviction are Not Permitted:
“(d) When the exclusion is based on the existence of a criminal conviction or a civil judgment imposing liability by Federal, State or local court, a determination by another Government agency, or any other prior determination where the facts were adjudicated and a final decision was made, the basis for the underlying conviction, civil judgment or determination is not reviewable and the individual or entity may not collaterally attack it either on substantive or procedural grounds in this appeal.”
IV. What Does it Mean for a Conviction to be Related to the Manufacture, Distribution, Prescription, or Dispensing of a Controlled Substance?
In presenting her case, the Petitioner also argued that her felony plea and conviction for possession of a controlled substance did not constitute a ”felony related to the unlawful manufacture, distribution, prescription, or dispensing of a controlled substance.” The ALJ hearing this case disagreed with the Petitioner’s position in this regard and upheld the exclusion action taken by the OIG. In taking this action, the OIG predicated the exclusion on the fact that the Petitioner’s conviction related to the unlawful prescription and dispensing of a controlled substance, one of elements laid out under section 1128(a)(4).
V. The OIG’s Delay in Imposing a Mandatory Exclusion Action is of no Consequence and Presents no Defense for Petitioner:
As the ALJ decision reflects, the Petitioner allegedly falsified the prescriptions for controlled substances during the period April 2009 through December 2010. Her conduct resulted in her conviction in May 2011 but the OIG allegedly did not notify Petitioner of her exclusion from the Medicare, Medicaid and other Federal health care program until August 2015. Petitioner argued that the effective date of her exclusion should be moved to an earlier date. In response, the OIG argued that “there is no statutory or regulatory requirement to impose exclusion within a specific timeframe following conviction, and that in any case, [the ALJ has] no authority to adjust the effective date of Petitioner’s exclusion.” While sympathetic to the Petitioner’s position, the ALJ noted that under the Social Security Act, he has no authority to modify the effective date of an exclusion imposed by the OIG.
VI. The Standard of Review Applied by the Departmental Appeals Board (DAB) Makes it Difficult to Overturn an ALJ Decision:
When reviewing an ALJ decision, the standard of review that the DAB must apply is whether the ALJ decision is supported by substantial evidence in the record as a whole. You may ask “What constitutes substantial evidence? As it turns out, meeting this standard isn’t difficult for the government. Substantial evidence has been defined as “more than a mere scintilla. It means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.”
VII. Final Thoughts Regarding Section 1128(a)(4):
Individuals and entities should expect the OIG to interpret its mandatory exclusion obligations broadly under Section 1128(a). Moreover, on appeal a Petitioner will likely find that administrative panels will look for any common sense connection between an individual’s criminal conduct and the exclusion statute.
For a detailed look into the OIG exclusion process, please see our article, “A Provider’s Guide to OIG Exclusions,” by Paul Weidenfeld.
“(h) The standard of review on a disputed issue of fact is whether the initial decision is supported by substantial evidence on the whole record. The standard of review on a disputed issue of law is whether the initial decision is erroneous.” | <urn:uuid:7e086c24-747e-4b47-8b58-381d4fd1cc08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.exclusionscreening.com/mandatory-exclusion-under-section-1128a4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.907402 | 1,555 | 1.570313 | 2 |
(CNN) -- Israel "has never negotiated the exchange of nuclear weapons with South Africa," its president's office said Monday, after a British newspaper claimed such talks had taken place.
The Guardian published what it said were previously secret South African documents saying the two countries' defense ministers had discussed the possible Israeli sale of nuclear weapons to the apartheid-era state in 1975.
The newspaper said the documents were the first written proof that Israel had nuclear weapons.
Israel has always refused either to confirm or deny that.
But Monday, President Shimon Peres' office issued a statement saying, "There exists no basis in reality for the claims published this morning by the Guardian that in 1975 Israel negotiated with South Africa the exchange of nuclear weapons.
"Unfortunately, The Guardian elected to write its piece based on the selective interpretation of South African documents and not on concrete facts," the statement said.
Peres was defense minister at the time of the alleged negotiations, and the Guardian says his signature is on one of the memos.
Part of that memo has been blacked out, but a part that is visible mentions "all information, know-how and materials," then has several words blacked out, followed by "schematics, plans and drawings supplied or transmitted... in the course of negotiations or in pursuance of any of the aforesaid agreements."
Much of the rest of the visible part of the document is about keeping the agreement secret. It makes reference to an "Annex A," which does not appear in the Guardian article.
The document, posted with others on the Guardian's website, is apparently signed by South African Defense Minister PW Botha and dated April 3, 1975. A signature appearing to be Peres' is not dated.
The document is stamped "Top Secret" and "Declassified 2006-05-30."
Another memo, apparently bearing Peres' signature and published on Israeli Ministry of Defense stationery, thanks South African Information Secretary E.M. Rhoodie for his "great efforts" in ensuring successful meetings between Israel and South Africa in December 1974.
The document says a "vitally important cooperation between our two countries has been initiated," but does not go into details.
A third document purports to detail talks between Botha and Peres.
Botha asks for "the correct payload" and Peres tells him it is "available in three sizes," according to the South African minutes of the meeting.
The documents -- all South African -- were obtained by a researcher, Sasha Polakow-Suransky, for a book on the close relationship between the two countries, the Guardian says in its article by Washington correspondent Chris McGreal.
The book, "The Unspoken Alliance: Israel's Secret Relationship with Apartheid South Africa," is due to be published Tuesday, according to Amazon.com.
Israel said the newspaper did not seek Israeli official comment before publishing the article.
Israel has long been assumed to have about 200 nuclear warheads. | <urn:uuid:2f23ad8d-8e5e-41d6-955e-8f5c2c981fbb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/05/24/israel.south.africa.denial/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00539-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974443 | 608 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Rehab Tech Info
Program Mission Statement
The fundamental mission of Purdue's Agricultural Safety and Health Program is to enhance the quality of life for 7 rural residents of the state, especially farm families, through assisting them with making their homes, work places, and communities the safest and healthiest possible places to live and work. It is further believed that this program has the capacity to impact rural safety and health on a national and international basis through preparation of future rural safety and health professionals; development, demonstration, and evaluation of prevention strategies; development of new knowledge; increased public awareness; dissemination of educational resources; and influence of public policy.
Last updated: 07-Dec-2011 3:17 PM | <urn:uuid:71548f58-2e6c-4e74-8553-4dddbcc0e863> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://engineering.purdue.edu/~agsafety/ASH/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00070-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.86899 | 139 | 2 | 2 |
The North Carolina Fund was the model for LBJ’s War on Poverty, and its history is analyzed brilliantly in a new book, To Right These Wrongs. It is co-authored by Jim Leloudis, a history professor at Carolina, and Robert Korstad, a public policy professor at Duke. The Fund was conceived at the Institute of Government.
Terry Sanford turned to the Institute for help in developing his anti-poverty proposal to the Ford Foundation. On a visit by Foundation officials, “they met with [George] Esser and others at the university’s Institute of Government to brainstorm ways that North Carolina and the foundation might collaborate to develop new approaches to alleviating poverty, in the South and as a model for other communities around the nation.”
Esser had been a faculty member specializing in urban issues and municipal government since 1948. He developed a proposal that invited Ford to fund an “‘all-out assault on poverty,’ the first of its kind in the nation.” They agreed and the North Carolina Fund was created. George Esser took a leave of absence to become the Fund’s executive director and never returned.
To Right These Wrongs begins with an important perspective on poverty by recounting the history of racial politics in North Carolina, beginning with Reconstruction and continuing through the response to Brown v. Board of Education. It shows how Terry Sanford came to understand that poverty was not caused by “individual pathologies and cultural deficiencies”, and it could not be eliminated solely by providing black children with greater access to equal education. Instead, poverty was the “product of deliberate efforts to establish an inequitable distribution of power, wealth, and opportunity. To fight poverty, therefore, is to take democracy seriously.”
The North Carolina Fund was established in 1963 to provide “social venture capital” for community action programs that would get “the best minds in all local communities around the table and see what kinds of creative ideas they could come up with to solve the problems of poverty.” It soon became obvious that the funded programs were not addressing the root causes of poverty.
As it learned more about the political and structural causes of poverty, particularly the role of institutionalized racial discrimination, the Fund shifted its focus to mobilizing the poor as ‘participating citizens,’ to make them a ‘viable, constructive, competitive’ force.” This meant helping poor people “band together” in order to “bring pressure to bear on critical public policy decisions.” Congress borrowed the community-participation model in creating the Equal Opportunity Act, which required “that all antipoverty efforts promote “maximum feasible participation” by the poor.
This strategy put the Fund staff and their community partners in direct conflict with local elected officials and business leaders. Not only did many white leaders feel threatened generally by newly-empowered poor people, but they saw the Fund’s anti-poverty organizing as indistinguishable from the civil rights movement. The opposition was fierce. To Right These Wrongs describes what the North Carolina Fund accomplished and how it came to an end after five tumultuous years. The federal poverty program eventually transitioned into a block grant program controlled by government officials without required participation by the poor.
According to Leloudis and Korstad, the Fund’s history reveals a number of lessons about trying to reduce poverty, including: (1) poverty is political, and “[t]o fight poverty, therefore, is to take democracy seriously;” and (2) eradicating poverty “requires activism and advocacy.” “It requires moral courage and a willingness to confront the complicity of the affluent in unjust arrangements of privilege and power.”
This book is essential reading for anyone interested in learning more about the dynamics of race in North Carolina, especially in the context of community and economic development. It raises uncomfortable questions about the role of government in addressing racial discrimination and poverty. I found myself thinking constantly about the most appropriate role for the School in trying to help resolve these issues. What are the limits on the School’s involvement in developing and promoting public policy? How should we approach community and economic development today? What is the role of civic education in helping people understand the importance of involvement in the political process? The book raises many thought-provoking questions for our work and I highly recommend it. | <urn:uuid:30f9086d-1dd2-4726-ad19-efd1f7c3e5c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mrs.sog.unc.edu/to-right-these-wrongs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.963658 | 909 | 3 | 3 |
Sent to Friends of Pebblebed Heaths
Many of you will have seen the recent coverage in local newspapers and on social media concerning a planning application lodged by Clinton Devon Estates for the former quarry plant area adjacent to Blackhill Quarry, enabling a nearby engineering firm to expand.
Unfortunately lots of inaccurate rumours were also circulating.
As you know the primary aim of the Pebblebed Heath Conversation Trust is to ensure threatened heathland ecosystems are protected, to ensure all wildlife associated with this habitat flourishes, to protect public access and encourage responsible public enjoyment of the heaths.
The most important conservation partner of the Trust is the public and we strive to keep our Friends of the Commons well-informed, so the Trust continues to develop with public support.
Our staff live in nearby villages and understand the issues local people have. Our neighbours are concerned about development, volume and types of traffic, change of use in rural areas and we recognise these topics can bring about many questions as well as strong feelings and differences of opinion.
We hope by providing the facts of this complex issue, especially given the amount of misinformation and speculation there has already been, you will have more of the information needed to make up your own mind.
Please take time to view the maps, statements and explanations we have included here, plus links to the EDDC planning application, where you can read and see what others think.
Blackhill Quarry has no statutory conservation designations, although it is registered as a County Wildlife Site. Attempting to restore heathland on industrial sites can be extremely problematic due to the raised nutrient enrichment of the land due to lime. Similar issues are already the case on East Budleigh common, where the remains of buildings from Dalditch Camp, make management of this site, extremely difficult. To mitigate the loss of 1.09 ha heathland (from total area of 63 ha for the quarry) not restored from hard-standing, we would be looking to create significantly more heathland and of a better quality. This is likely to be through the conversion of existing coniferous plantations to heathland. Our goal is certainly for there to be a biodiversity uplift above and beyond that proposed under the existing restoration scheme.
Later in the year we will organise a visit to Blackhill so you can see the restoration work in progress and ask any questions. In the meantime please contact any one of the team if you have any further queries.
The Pebblebeds Team”
The communication continues with some extraordinary reasons why CEE thinks the engineering works are a special case including:
* Specialising in steel fabrication and design, Blackhill Engineering has recently been involved in many prestigious projects including the design of flood defence gates for New York City Hospital, work for the European Space Agency and the pier at Hinkley Point for which Blackhill has been recognised with two awards from EDF Energy.
[aahhhh!!! now Owl understands!]
* The site proposed is currently covered in concrete and any restoration to high quality habitat will be problematic …”
Who knew that concrete couldn’t be so difficult to remove! If it’s THAT difficult perhaps we shouldn’t allow any development at all at this site since more and more concrete will be needed to expand it! | <urn:uuid:53298063-3fa8-4395-a6a2-209f1ce9e4a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eastdevonwatch.org/2018/02/09/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.947744 | 674 | 1.929688 | 2 |
These times highlight importance of internet service becoming a utility
About 21 million people lack broadband internet access in the U.S., according to the 2019 FCC broadband development report. However, that number from the federal government is misleading as a 2018 Microsoft survey shows the numbers are around 163 million who don’t have actual broadband speeds.
This is about 163 million people too many. The internet is a basic service and everybody should have access to it.
The internet is vital for accessing information, according to a 2016 United Nations report. This is evident in the shift to remote classes and work during the coronavirus pandemic.
Given the coronavirus outbreak, it is understandable for schools to shift to online coursework. This is better than keeping students on campus. UH has a web page with information to help students with weak internet connections.
The 2020 Summer sessions will also be held with no on-campus instruction, which is astounding. What is not astounding is the lack of high-speed internet access in communities around the nation.
There is no question, students more than ever need high-quality internet.
The internet is not a luxury, rather it is a utility. Strangely, internet access is still not universal even though schools have transitioned to having a greater online presence.
In the current situation, those without the internet are at a significant disadvantage as the coursework is harder to access. In other communities, school districts have developed solutions to combat the problem. These range from setting up Wi-Fi hot spots to having faculty members deliver schoolwork door-to-door. While it is good for people to continue to have an education, this should not come with the extra hassle these teachers go through.
It is exploitative for companies to withhold vital resources from people who can not afford it or are in locations too inconvenient for them to build a reliable infrastructure.
Governments around the world should seek to develop universal internet access. The current way we view internet access only harms people in poor or rural communities where the internet is too expensive or unavailable.
Rural areas are more dependent on satellite internet, which is slow with the average speeds between 10-30 megabits per second. To be considered broadband, it must exceed 25 megabits per second, but even that has serious latency issues and won’t work well for large families. Not to mention it’s vulnerable in bad weather and expensive, costing roughly double the price of fiber optic cable that some communities aren’t able to get.
People in these communities should not have to depend on inferior internet service.
The internet also provides a space for people to peacefully assemble and express themselves. Limiting this opportunity to only those who can afford it is unjust and it needs to change as soon as possible.
With something as important as education changing to an online format, it is time to rethink how we see the internet. The internet is a space where everybody should be able to learn and assemble regardless of location or wealth.
Santiago Gaughan is education sophomore, email him at [email protected] | <urn:uuid:9ec2a9dc-8108-42e8-9615-b2b1f0b5ddcd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thedailycougar.com/2020/04/08/importance-internet-service-becoming-utility/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.950764 | 629 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The mission of the Research Methods Core (RMC) is to advance the quality and impact of research in "real world settings" by addressing methodological challenges posed by the clinical and service delivery complexities of depressed elders with limited access to good care. Concerns raised by our own communitybased studies, and the field more broadly, guided the development of RMC Initiatives as well as one of our Developmental Studies and three of our Pilot Studies: Initiative 1: Predictors and Moderators of Outcomes in Intervention Development: Development of novel interventions for depressed seniors who may not respond to existing treatment approaches is a complex process. We will rely on exploratory analyses of our rich RCT databases and use predictors of outcomes and moderators of treatment response to sharpen the selection of target populations, improve our interventions, and accelerate the process of moving research into practice. Pilot 3 focuses on the feasibility of web-based training as a way of enhancing the dissemination of community interventions. Pilot 5 studies the cost of care management in home healthcare as a way of evaluating its feasibility. Initiative 2. Reduction of Bias: Interventions focusing on provider behavior as well as patient outcomes often use cluster (setting-based) randomization designs resulting in non-equivalent groups. Building on our study of propensity modeling for patient-RCTs, we will investigate the suitability of propensity modeling in adjusting for group differences in cluster based designs (also addressed in Developmental Project 4). Another source of bias is loss of data through subject attrition, a problem inherent in intervention studies of chronic disorders like geriatric depression. To address this problem, we propose a sequential, multiple imputation procedure that builds on our work in which we evaluated bias reduction using a predictive model based on multiple imputation for the analysis of incomplete, missing not at random (MNAR) data (Pilot 4). Initiative 3. Generalizability of Community-Generated Interventions: To address sampling bias in community-based studies, we propose procedures related to both within-agency generalizability (e.g., reducing the source and impact of sample bias introduced by patient or client recruitment processes) and across-agency variation (e.g., biased introduced in the process of selecting community-based research partners or in implementing interventions).
The RMC relies on a cohesive team with complementary expertise ranging from biostatistics to social systems to develop strategies addressing critical methodological concerns in developing personalized treatments, in reducing bias, and in enhancing generalizability in community-based research of geriatric depression.
|Alexopoulos, George S; Raue, Patrick J; Kiosses, Dimitris N et al. (2015) Comparing engage with PST in late-life major depression: a preliminary report. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 23:506-13|
|Yuen, Genevieve S; Bhutani, Saumya; Lucas, Bryony J et al. (2015) Apathy in late-life depression: common, persistent, and disabling. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 23:488-94|
|Bao, Yuhua; Shao, Huibo; Bruce, Martha L et al. (2015) Antidepressant Medication Management Among Older Patients Receiving Home Health Care. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 23:999-1006|
|Avari, Jimmy N; Alexopoulos, George S (2015) Models of care for late-life depression of the medically ill: examples from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and stroke. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 23:477-87|
|Sentürk, Damla; Ghosh, Samiran; Nguyen, Danh V (2014) Exploratory time varying lagged regression: modeling association of cognitive and functional trajectories with expected clinic visits in older adults. Comput Stat Data Anal 73:1-15|
|Kiosses, Dimitris N; Alexopoulos, George S (2014) Problem-Solving Therapy in the Elderly. Curr Treat Options Psychiatry 1:15-26|
|Yuen, Genevieve S; Gunning-Dixon, Faith M; Hoptman, Matthew J et al. (2014) The salience network in the apathy of late-life depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 29:1116-24|
|Raue, Patrick J; Ghesquiere, Angela R; Bruce, Martha L (2014) Suicide risk in primary care: identification and management in older adults. Curr Psychiatry Rep 16:466|
|Alexopoulos, George S; Kiosses, Dimitris N; Sirey, Jo Anne et al. (2014) Untangling therapeutic ingredients of a personalized intervention for patients with depression and severe COPD. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 22:1316-24|
|Yuen, Genevieve S; Gunning, Faith M; Woods, Eric et al. (2014) Neuroanatomical correlates of apathy in late-life depression and antidepressant treatment response. J Affect Disord 166:179-86|
Showing the most recent 10 out of 42 publications | <urn:uuid:f29a2f4e-b4d7-4fe0-8a4b-432c35e50799> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/P30-MH085943-05-5752 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00303-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.864371 | 1,049 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Gasoline prices fall below $3 a gallon
NEW YORK (Reuters) - The average price for a gallon of gasoline in the United States fell below $3 due to less demand and slightly lower oil prices, and was likely to hold steady, according to an industry analyst.
The national average for self-serve, regular unleaded gas was about $2.98 a gallon on January 25, down 9.43 cents in the past two weeks, according to the nationwide Lundberg survey of about 7,000 gas stations.
"For the immediate future, unless crude oil prices either leap up or fall dramatically, I expect little change for average price of gasoline in the street," survey editor Trilby Lundberg told Reuters on Sunday.
Both refiners and retailers experienced shrinking profit margins, which means gasoline prices will likely rise when demand increases.
"Gasoline demand is in its traditional winter hibernation and when it wakes up, rising demand meeting depressed industry profit margins will cause a hike at the pump," Lundberg said.
At the current $2.98 a gallon, retail gasoline is 79.23 cents more expensive than it was a year ago.
Honolulu, Hawaii, had the highest average price per gallon at $3.35 for self-serve, regular gas in the nation, while Tulsa, Oklahoma, had the lowest at $2.70 a gallon.
(Reporting by Lisa Lee, editing by Maureen Bavdek) | <urn:uuid:711f204a-d4bb-48b0-b2f7-19ebca6f0359> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/30090 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00522-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94161 | 297 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Those used coffee grounds you dump into the bin might just help remove lead and mercury from drinking water one day, according to a new study by a team of Italian scientists.
Recycled coffee grounds have a lot of practical uses, from marinating meats and serving as natural deodorisers, to providing a nice carbon-rich compost or fertiliser for your garden. They’re also great at removing heavy metal ions from water, although it’s a complicated separation process.
In a new paper published in ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, Despina Fragouli of the Italian Institute of Technology and her co-authors described their simplified process for using powder made from used coffee grounds for water remediation.
“Millions of tonnes of spent coffee wind up in landfills every year, so the proposed method not only reduces the solid waste stream but removes dangerous heavy metal pollutants from water,” mechanical engineer Constantine Megaridis of the University of Chicago told Chemical and Engineering News.
Image: Asmita Chavan et al/ACS Sustainable Chemical and Engineering
Basically, the Italian scientists turned used espresso coffee grounds into a powder and combined it with silicon and sugar. Once it dried, the resulting solid was dipped in water, dissolving the sugar, leaving holes behind, creating little blocks of foam that act like filters.
Their experiments showed that this coffee-infused foam successfully got 99 per cent of the mercury and lead out of water in just 30 hours. That was in still water, which is nothing like a real-world system with water running through pipes. But even in that scenario, they found it could remove as much as 67 per cent of the lead—a major health hazard.
Lead-poisoned water has been in the headlines a lot this past year, thanks to the crisis in Flint, Michigan, but the problem isn’t limited to that city. Earlier this year, the Guardian reported that dozens of utilities are underreporting the amounts of lead in their water: 33 cities in the US have been found to have “cheats” built into their lead-testing policies. So anything that reduces the amount of lead in our drinking water is a very positive development. [ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering] | <urn:uuid:6e47f5e8-02bf-4934-a608-71f6d1af38fd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gizmodo.co.uk/2016/09/those-used-coffee-grounds-could-get-the-lead-out-of-your-water/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00313-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961654 | 460 | 3.5625 | 4 |
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© 2022 MJH Life Sciences™ and OncLive - Clinical Oncology News, Cancer Expert Insights. All rights reserved.
Leonard G. Gomella, MD, discusses recommendations for screening in prostate cancer.
Leonard G. Gomella, MD, professor, chair of the Department of Urology, and director of the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center Network, of Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, discusses recommendations for screening in prostate cancer.
Men with known BRCA1/2 mutations or DNA repair pathway gene mutations should consider being screened earlier than men in the general population, says Gomella.
Currently, widespread genetic testing is not available in prostate cancer, explains Gomella. However, men with a family history of hereditary breast, ovarian, or advanced prostate cancers should consider germline genetic testing.
While genetic testing is not the standard of care, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend screening for patients with these risk factors, concludes Gomella. | <urn:uuid:d8ab4cc5-1000-4de5-ad71-ce4d2d471056> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.onclive.com/view/dr-gomella-on-screening-recommendations-in-prostate-cancer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.879554 | 215 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Chronicle of the Grey friars of London/Henricus Quartus Rex
HENRICUS QUARTUS REX.
Pi.o. Ao. Thys yere Ewene Glendore sqwere of Wallys made warre ayenst the kynge. The furst yere of his rayne was beheddyd at Cerceter the erle of Saulsbery [and] the erle of Kente, and at Oxenforde sir Thomas Blont, sir Benet Ely, knyghttes, Thomas Wynter sqwere, and sir John Holond erle of Huntyngton was be-heddyd at Plasshe in Essex, and their heddes sett on London brygge, and sir Barnarde Brokkas knyght was be-heddyd at London in Cheppesyde, and sir Thomas Shellé knyght, Maudlyne and Feryby clarkes, ware hangyd at Tyborne. This same yere the kynge rode towerd Scotlond.
ijo. Ao. Thys yere the qwene Isabelle that was wyffe to kynge Richard was sent home in to France owte of Yenglond. And that yere was a qwarter of whett at xvjs. the second dere yere. And that yere was a prest brent in Smythfelde that was callyd sir William Sautre for erysse.
iiijo. Ao. Thys yere was the qwene crownyd.
vo. Ao. Thys yere the byshoppe of Yorke, Scroppe, and Mowbray the earl marchall, beheddyd. And three men of the kynges chamber hongyd, and the prior of Lau[nde], sir Robert Claryndon knyght, and eight freer minores ware hongyd at Ty[burne]. And thys yere was the battelle of Shrewysbery, in the wyche was slayne Henry Percy and Thomas Percy taken, and two dayes kepte, and after was honged and be-heddyd and hys hede with one qwarter of Henry Percy set on London brygge. And in this battelle was slayne the erle of Stafforde under the kynges banner. And this battelle was on Mary Mawdlyne evyn. And in the lent afore was the blasynge sterre that clarkes callyd it Stell.. cemate. And William Serle that was cheffe yomane with kynge Richard was drawne and honged and heddyd at Tyborne, and the qwarters saltede.
vijo. Ao. Thys yere one Travers, a yoman of the crowne of the kynges, was hongyd at Tyborne for powsenynge of hys wyffe and one Pylle in the counter in the Powltre. And this yere alle the kydelles and trungkes thorowghout the Temse from the towne of Stanes in the west unto the watter of Medevey in the est by the mayer and commonalte of London were dystrowyd and brent, and gret plee and dyscorde was for that matter betwene Thomas Arundelle archebyshoppe of Canterbery and other lorddes and knyghtes on that one party, and the mayor and commonalte of London on that other party, but the citte of London recovered their ryght by the vertu of the kynges charter and hys statues. Thys yere also was many justes in Smytfelde by-twene Englyche men and Scottes, and by-twene lordes and knyghttes of Ynglonde and other strangers. And this yere was the erle of Arundelle weddyd at Lambyth. And this yere was furst ordened a masse of the Holy Gost, to be songe solemply be note every yere at the Yelde-halle chappelle the same daye the mayer is chosyn.
viijo. Ao. Thys yere the erle of Northumberlond and the lorde Bardolfe was be-heddyd in the North; and the erles hede with one of hys qwarters of the lordes (sic) ware sett on London bregge.
And this yere sir Roberte Knowlles knyghte dyde, that was the grete warryar. And this yere sir Thomas Rampsone knyghte of the garter was drowned in the Temse by hys owne follé, for he wolde not be governyd by the bargemen, but to have hys owne rewle. And this yere was the erle of Kent weddyd at sent Mary Overes.
xj°. A°; . Thys yere was ordened the alay of golde. And the kynges sonnes beten in Chepe. And this yere was the grete frost and ise and the most sharpest wenter that ever man sawe, and it duryd fourteen wekes, so that men myght in dyvers places both goo and ryde over the Temse. Thys yere also was the good erle of Kent slayne [at] the castelle of Brydoke in Bryttene with a qwarrelle in hys hede. And thys yere was an erytyke brentte in Smythfelde for eryse. And a sqwere of [Wa]llys, one heghe Rys de 9de draune and hongyd for tresone.
xijo. Ao. Thys yere there came a cardinelle to London. And menny justes and battelles ware in Smythfelde. And this yere beganne a gret pley from the begynnyng of the worlde at the skynners' welle, that lastyd vij. dayes contynually; and there ware the most parte of the lordes and gentylles of Ynglond. And this yere was a goldsmythe of Fletestret slayne be nyght in the dukes place of York with-owte Tempull barre, and was trowne under the Tempull bregge.
xiijo. Ao. Thys yere was a gret excesseve flode in the Temse. And a gret batte [battle] rose betwene Roberte Glocitre and Arthur Ormesby in Smythfelde. And this yere the lorde Thomas weddyd the countes of Somerset. And this yere came messengeres owte of France from the kynge and the duke of Burgone for to helpe them agaynst the duke of Orlyans; and then went over the erle of Arnedelle and the erle of Kent to helpe the duke of Burgone, and had a jurné, and came home agayne; and that same tyme came messengeres owte of France from the duke of Orlians for to have helpe agayne the duke of Burgayn.
xivo. Ao. Thus yere the xxti day of March, dyde the kynge, and was burryd at Cantorbery.
- Sely in other chronicles.
- Wintereell or Wintershall.
- Blundered in the MS. to Mombre Kerrelle.
- Stella comata.
- For catching fish: called "weares" in the parallel passage of Stowe's Chron.
- Thomas earl of Arundel married Beatrix illegitimate daughter of John I. king of Portugal: upon the morrow after the feast of St. Katharine in 6 Hen IV. (viz. 26 Nov. 1404) as recorded by Walsingham. Ypodigma Neustriæ, p. 175. See also Tierney's History of Arundel, p. 283, and the Collectanea Topogr. et Geneal. vol.i. pp. 80 et.seq.
- Sir Thomas Rempston, elected K.G. in 1400; he was constable of the tower of London at the time of his fatal accident, which occurred on the 31st Oct. 1406.
- Edward Holand, fourth earl of Kent, married Lucia, daughter of the duke of Milan; see Leland's Collectanea, i. 698. He was killed at Briac in Britany on the 15th Sept. in the following year.
- "In this yere was a fray made in Estchepe, be the kynges sones Thomas and John, with men of the town."Chron. of London (Nicolas), p. 93. The prince of Wales, it seems, was not engaged in this memorable fray: but Shakspere has made him bear the sins of his younger brethren.
- Ryse ap Dee in other chroniclers
- Stowe place this great play under the year 1409. See also other chronicles quoted in Collier's Hist. of Dramatic Poetry. i. 19.
- Thomas Laneaster duke of Clarence and Margaret (Holand) widow of John Beaufort earl of Somerset. | <urn:uuid:188b237f-e706-4875-b7bb-de86bdd75bc7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Chronicle_of_the_Grey_friars_of_London/Henricus_Quartus_Rex | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00222-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.893877 | 2,074 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Hip-openers are some of the most requested asanas in yoga classes because they bring release in many areas that are tight. When your hips are tight, it increases the load placed on the spine at all times. From simple tasks like bending down to pick something up to weight exercises like leg lifts, your spine is constantly needing to overcompensate for the lack of mobility in our hips.
Hip-opening yoga postures can help to prevent and reduce these issues and boost the overall health of the practitioner. Here are 6 easy hip-opening yoga poses you can try. While these poses are simple enough for newbies, it’s always better to perform yoga under the supervision of a certified teacher.
1. Low Crescent Lunge (Anjaneyasana)
Begin in Downward-Facing Dog or Adho Mukha Svanasana. On an exhale, step your right foot forward between your hands. Lower down onto your left knee and release the top of the left foot on the ground.
Ensure that the right knee is stacked directly over the right ankle, and isn’t moving forward toward the toes or outward to the left or right (this protects the knee from injury).
Keep the knee directly over the ankle if it feels like enough for your body—you should feel a comfortable stretch along the left front thigh and groin.
Take your fingertips to the ground on either side of your hips (you can also rest both hands on the front knee if taking the fingertips down feels like too much) and relax your shoulders away from your ears.
As you continue to breathe deeply, soften the weight of your body down into your hips, and draw your tailbone down toward the ground.
Feel free to remain here, with your hands on your knee or your fingertips beside you for support, or experiment with extending one or both arms up alongside your ears and moving into a backbend (as shown above).
Take five to 10 breaths in your expression of Low Lunge, whatever that might look like. To come out of the pose, tuck your back toes under, plant your palms down on the mat, and make your way back into Downward-Facing Dog. Then repeat on the other side.
2. Extended Triangle Pose (Utthita Trikonasana)
Begin this pose with Tadasana (Mountain Pose). Then exhale and spread your legs to place them at a distance of around 4 feet from each other.
Now stretch your arms out sideways, while ensuring that they are corresponding to the floor. The palms should face downwards.
Turn the right foot outwards at an angle of 90° degrees, while turning your left foot inwards towards the right. Both heels should be in alignment.
Now tighten your thigh muscles turning the right thigh outwards. The centers of your right knee and right ankle should be corresponding with each other.
Start bending your body from your hip towards the right and over your right leg. To maintain your balance while doing this, dig your left heel into the floor. This will help to strengthen your left leg.
Twist your body to the left and make sure that both sides remain long. Push your left hip slightly in a forward direction and ensure that you lengthen your tailbone towards your heel.
Keep your right hand on your ankle or shin or on the floor without changing the yoga pose in any way. Stretch your left arm up towards.
Keep your head in a straight or turn it slightly towards the left. Hold this position for either 30 seconds or 1 minute.
3. Tree Pose (Vrksasana)
Begin standing in Mountain Pose (Tadasana), with your arms at your sides. Distribute your weight evenly across both feet.
Shift your weight to your left foot. Bend your right knee, then reach down and clasp your right inner ankle. Use your hand to draw your right foot alongside your inner left thigh.
Do not rest your foot against your knee, only above or below it. Adjust your position so the center of your pelvis is directly over your left foot. Then, adjust your hips so your right hip and left hip are aligned.
Rest your hands on your hips and lengthen your tailbone toward the floor. Then, press your palms together in prayer position at your chest, with your thumbs resting on your sternum.
Fix your gaze gently on one, unmoving point in front of you. Draw down through your left foot. Press your right foot into your left thigh, while pressing your thigh equally against your foot.
Inhale as you extend your arms overhead, reaching your fingertips to the sky. Rotate your palms inward to face each other. If your shoulders are more flexible, you can press your palms together in prayer position, overhead.
Hold for up to one minute. To release the pose, step back into Mountain Pose. Repeat for the same amount of time on the opposite side.
4. Easy Pose (Sukhasana)
Take one or two thick blankets and fold them so that they form a firm, flat base that you can sit on. Sit close to one edge of the support you formed, with your legs stretched out ahead, in front of you.
Cross your shins and widen your knees, so that you can slip each foot, beneath the opposite knee. Bend your knees and fold your legs towards your torso.
Keep your feet relaxed, so that the outer edges rest on the floor and the inner arches are settled below the opposite shin.
Your thighs and crossed shins should form a small triangle. There should be a gap between your pelvis and feet. Sit with your pelvis in a neutral position.
To do this, press your hands against the floor and lift your sitting bones a bit. Try to hang in there for a breath or two and then slowly lower yourself back on to the floor.
Balance your tailbone and pubic bone in such a way that they are equidistant from the ground. Place your hands on your knees, palm down and lengthen your tailbone towards the floor.
5. Bound Angle Pose (Baddha Konasana)
Begin in Easy Pose or Staff Pose, sitting comfortably with your sit bones flat on the mat. Draw your heels toward your pelvis. Place the soles of the feet together.
Clasp around your feet/toes with interlaced fingers. Relax your groin to open your knees, and watch as they begin to melt towards the mat.
Subtly rotate your pelvis so you rest on the top of your sit bones, and extend through the spine.
Actively ground down into the earth as you simultaneously extend out through the crown of your head — one long line of energy from your sit bones through your crown. Hold for 3-5 minutes.
6. Reclined Bound Angle Pose (Supta Baddha Konasana)
Lie down comfortably on your back, with your legs extended and your arms at your sides, palms face up toward the ceiling.
Bend your knees to bring the soles (bottoms) of your feet together to touch. The outer (pinky toe) edges of your feet should be resting on the mat. Let the legs fall open and allow gravity to support the weight of the legs.
Check in with your body. If your hips and groin are feeling tight, you can take your feet further away from your body; alternatively, if you’re feeling more open, you can bring your feet closer toward your body to deepen the stretch.
Relax your shoulders away from your ears and allow your back body to sink more deeply into the mat. Stay in the pose anywhere from one to five minutes, depending on your level of comfort.
To come out of the pose, take the palms of the hands on the outer thighs to gently fold the legs together, and bring the soles of the feet flat down on the mat. Then, hug your knees into your chest and gently rock from side to side to release the low back. | <urn:uuid:5f10fabb-3674-4312-9ccb-f88c3a45c7d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://curejoy.com/content/best-hip-opening-poses-newbie-yogis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.910593 | 1,656 | 1.671875 | 2 |
In this article, it has been shown that the modulated free carrier absorption method (MFCA) can be used to determine unambiguously and without contact the carrier diffusivity of semiconductor wafers. The linear dependence of the phase on the distance of pump and probe beams are investigated with computer simulation, and then it has been found that at high frequency the slope of the MFCA phase versus distance depends solely on the carrier diffusivity. Hence, the carrier diffusivity can be extracted from the slope of the phase versus distance. Experiments were carried out on an -type Si wafer with 7 cm to 10 cm resistivity and (525 20) m thickness. Comparing the experimental fitted results to those by fitting the MFCA amplitude and phase on the pump-probe-beam separation measured at several modulation frequencies to the rigorous three-dimensional carrier diffusion model, the fitted results by both methods agreed well. This shows that the simplified model can be used to determine the carrier diffusivity with high precision. | <urn:uuid:9f192455-5278-4903-9c5c-75b70cc8b0ec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ir.ioe.ac.cn/handle/181551/1228 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00017-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942044 | 210 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Nuclear issue to be 'key topic' of China-South Korea talks
( 2003-07-04 06:48) (China Daily)
China affirmed Thursday that the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula will be one of the key topics of discussion during Republic of Korea (ROK) President Roh Moo-hyun's visit to China next week.
Kong said that a peaceful resolution of the issue was of great importance to peace and stability of the peninsula, Northeast Asia and the whole of Asia.
Roh's visit to China, from July 7 to 10, is the first since his election in last December. President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao will meet and have talks with Roh on Monday.
Referring to the ongoing three-day visit by Chinese Vice-Foreign Minister Dai Bingguo to Russia, Kong said that Dai would have an exchange of views with the Russian side on the situation on the Korean Peninsula.
Kong said that Dai's visit shows that China and Russia maintain close co-ordination and co-operation on the major international issues, adding that the two countries agreed to solve the DPRK nuclear issues through peaceful means.
"We welcome the opinions from various parties on the peaceful resolution of issue,'' the spokesman said, noting that China was open and flexible to the type of the dialogue.
When asked to comment on the demonstration in Hong Kong on Tuesday, Kong said that the government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) has said it welcomes various opinions on governmental work and the development of Hong Kong, adding that Hong Kong compatriots shared the same position on the stability and economic revival in Hong Kong.
A large number of Hong Kong residents took to the streets on Tuesday to express their concerns on the proposed legislation on the National Security Bill, which will be drafted based on Article 23 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong SAR.
Hong Kong Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa said in a press release on the same day that his government fully understood the importance the community attached to their rights and freedoms.
"We shall continue to take active steps to maintain and safeguard rights and freedoms and develop democracy in a gradual and orderly manner according to the blueprint laid down in the Basic Law,'' Tung was quoted as saying in the press release.
Tung pointed out that the legislation on the National Security Bill was a constitutional duty of the Hong Kong SAR. Just like nationals of other places, Hong Kong citizens have a duty to protect national security. In discharging this obligation, the government has pledged that the rights and freedoms which have been enjoyed by the people of Hong Kong will not be affected by the legislation.
Kong said yesterday that while examining the draft ordinance concerning national security, the Hong Kong SAR Legislative Council had listened to public opinion in an in-depth way.
Palestinian high official to visit China
The Foreign Ministry spokesman also announced yesterday that Palestinian National Authority Foreign Minister Nabil Shaath will visit China from July 10 to 12, describing it "a very significant event'' for both sides.
The Foreign Ministry said yesterday in a press release that up to yesterday, 77 countries have unfrozen entry restrictions from China and some countries said they would lift their restrictions soon.
At least 127 countries and regions took measures to restrict personnel entrance from China in April and May, and at least 14 countries warned their people not to travel to China.
But now the foreign exchanges are gradually returning to normal since the World Health Organization lifted travel adversary against Beijing on June 24, according to the press release.
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|Copyright By chinadaily.com.cn. All rights reserved| | <urn:uuid:06454db9-a03a-4822-96f6-6d6a4ace116c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-07/04/content_242888.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.958774 | 767 | 1.890625 | 2 |
The rapid expansion of the use of digital technology has been followed by a similar increase in computer-based crime. This increase in criminal activity has led to a demand for qualified computer forensic analysts who can investigate digital technology based crime and uncover evidence that helps build a case against suspects. Forensic computer analysts may be involved in a range of investigations, such as online fraud, digital espionage, counter-terrorism, possession of illegal imagery and information theft.
A typical investigation would involve identifying and securing computer equipment, followed by the application of forensic methods and specialist computer programmes in pursuit of evidence. Tasks include recovering data from digital media, analysis of records to establish the location of a device, uncovering data trails, careful documentation of the investigation, presenting findings and acting as an expert witness in court.
You will be taught by an internationally recognised team from the University’s Information Security Research Group, and external speakers contribute to delivering the latest expertise and developments.
The University of South Wales
are the only university in Wales to gain the prestigious provisional certification from GCHQ, the UK Government’s Communications HQ, for its Masters course in Computer Forensics.
See the website http://courses.southwales.ac.uk/courses/264-msc-computer-forensics
What you will study
- Computer Forensics and Crime Investigation
- Forensics Techniques and Data Recovery
- Computer Law
- Professional Skills Development
- Advanced Research Methods
- Project Management
- Security Management
- Research Project: an investigation of your choice, related to the course
- MSc Project: the development and evaluation of a significant application or task of your choice, related to the course
Learning and teaching methods
The course is delivered in four major blocks to offer an intensive but focused learning pattern, with two start points every year – February and September. Full-time students will typically spend 12 hours in classes each week. If you choose to study part-time, this is reduced to around six hours each week. You will study through lectures, tutorials, practical
sessions, seminars and projects.
Work Experience and Employment Prospects
You will have had the opportunity to develop skills that strongly relate to the role of a forensic computer analyst or an information security analyst. These include problem solving, a systematic approach to work and an awareness of security standards and legislation.
Graduates will be well equipped for employment, including working for the police, security services, commercial sector, or organisations that specialise in computer security.
You will need to spend a significant amount of time working independently, reading and preparing for assessments. While the style of coursework may vary, research-style papers or essays of around 4,000 words in length are typical. You will also work on a significant research project and a major project of your choice, where strong independent thinking, critical analysis and project management skills will be important.
We have a full range of high-specification computer labs and an ongoing investment programme to ensure that our facilities stay at the forefront of computing developments.
This course is designed for graduates with a minimum 2:2 Honours degree or equivalent. Entrants should normally be graduates in a computing or related area and have very good IT skills. The course welcomes international applicants and requires an English level of IELTS 6.5 or equivalent. | <urn:uuid:5c2e2a70-9bd8-4fcf-972a-71a8060928ca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.findamasters.com/search/masters-degree/i306d6521c2663/computer-forensics-msc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00301-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921839 | 677 | 2.25 | 2 |
|3716938||SUSPENSION FISH BOX||1973-02-20||Ammons||43/55|
|3181267||Live bait cage||1965-05-04||Sawyer et al.||43/55|
|3143263||Live bait receptacle||1964-08-04||Farmer||43/55|
|2562636||Fish creel trap gate||1951-07-31||Odneal||43/545R|
a container having an opening therein,
the part of said container surrounding said opening being substantially rigid,
a cover of resiliently stretchable fabric,
means attaching said cover to said container over said opening,
said cover having an access opening therein,
spring means yieldably causing said fabric to close said access opening whereby to prevent escape of live bait from said container,
said spring means comprising first and second springs attached to respective portions of said fabric on opposite sides of said opening,
first means for tensioning said first spring endwise,
this tensioning means also tensioning the ends of said first spring in a first direction away from said second spring,
second means for tensioning said second spring endwise,
said second means also tensioning the ends of said second spring in a direction opposite to said first direction to cause said portions to overlap each other and to yieldably close said opening.
said first tensioning means comprising means attaching said ends of said first spring to said container above said opening and said second tensioning means comprising means attaching said ends of said second spring to said container below said opening.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the art of fishing and has particular reference to a container for carrying living bait.
2. Description of Prior Art Practice
In practicing the art of fishing, it is common to use living bait for lures. For example, live grasshoppers, trout flies, worms and the like are often used and these must be carried in some form of escape-proof container until needed. Heretofore, such containers have generally had an access opening which was normally closed by a pivoted or removable door or lid to prevent the escape of the live bait. Although such containers are generally satisfactory, there is always the possibility that when the lid is opened to remove one of the bait, others may escape.
A principal object of the present invention is to provide a live bait carrier with means to prevent escape of bait therefrom.
Another object is to provide a live bait carrier which permits ready access to certain of the bait therein while preventing escape of other bait therefrom.
Another object is to provide a live bait carrier of the above type which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
A further object is to provide a live bait carrier of the above type which is extremely light and can be carried on one's belt.
According to the present invention, a live bait carrier is provided comprising a container having an opening therein. The container is supported by a stiff wire element, bent to form a frame which is secured to the container and surrounds the opening. The wire element is also bent to form a pair of spaced loops whereby the carrier can be mounted on one's belt. A man's nylon stocking cut 4 to 6 inches from the top, or similar resiliently stretchable cloth fabric, is secured over the opening and has an access opening therein. Springs under tension are attached to opposite lip portions of the access opening to normally hold the lips in overlapping relation whereby to close the access opening and thus prevent escape of the bait, even while reaching through the access opening to select a particular bait.
The manner in which the above and other objects of the invention are accomplished will be readily understood on reference to the following specification when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side view of a live bait carrier embodying a preferred form of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the carrier.
FIG 3 is a front view of the carrier and is taken in the direction of the arrow 3 in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view through the carrier and is taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view, partly broken away, taken substantially along line 5--5 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the container prior to mounting of the fabric cover thereon.
FIG. 7 is a front view of the fabric cover with springs attached thereto, prior to attachment to the container.
Referring to the drawings, the live bait carrier is generally indicated at 11 and comprises a relatively stiff rust-proof wire 12 bent at one end to form a substantially rectangular frame 13. The wire is then twisted on itself at 14 and formed into a belt-receiving loop 15. A horizontally extending portion of the wire is bent at 19 to form a second belt-receiving loop 16, spaced laterally from the loop 15. Finally, the wire 12 is bent into a curved formation 17 which forms a reinforcing structure for a container 18, preferably formed of relatively stiff open metal wire mesh or fabric, such as aluminum window screen material, having approximately sixteen strands per inch. The container 18 is of generally bulbous form and has an opening 29 therein at one side. The edge portion 18a of the wire mesh surrounding such opening is bent around the wire frame 13, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, and is attached to the remainder of the container by wire staples 21 to secure the container to the frame 13. The curved reinforcing formation 17 of the wire 12 engages around the interior of the container 18 to reduce the possibility of accidentally crushing the container.
A soft, flexible, resiliently stretchable fabric cover 23 of cloth, preferably formed of the upper 4 to 6 inches of a relatively thick man's nylon stocking, is secured over the opening 29 of the container 18 by stitching the same over the frame 13 after the container 18 has been stapled thereto, by using a suitable thread 25, such as relatively strong fishing line.
As will be noted in FIG. 7, the cover 23 is initially tubular, having an opening 24 therethrough. The lower edge 39 then is stretched outward to fit over the frame 13.
A pair of lips or lip portions 26 and 27 are formed in the upper end of the nylon stocking fabric or material 23. The lips extend across opposite sides of the opening 24, but are spaced approximately 3/4 inches below the upper edge 38. The lip 26 is formed by wrapping a part of the nylon stocking around the mid portion of an elongate tension spring 33 and stitching the same along about two inches of the length of the spring, as indicated at 30. The lip 27 is likewise formed by wrapping a part of the nylon stocking, opposite lip 26, around a second tension spring 28, and stitching the same also along about two inches of the length of the spring 28, as indicated at 31.
When mounted on the container 18, the ends of the spring 33 diverge upwardly and outwardly and pass around the frame 13 at point 40 and are attached in tensioned condition to the upper outside of the container, as indicated at 131. On the other hand, the ends of the spring 28 extend downwardly and outwardly and are attached in tensioned condition to the lower side of the container at 35, thereby overlapping the lips 27 and 26 to close the opening 24 against escape of the bait.
It will be noted that when the springs 28 and 33 are mounted in the container in tensioned condition, they pucker or gather the portion 32 of the stocking material intermediate the lips 26, 27, and the edge 38 of the cover 23 into a soft ruffly formation to further close the opening 24, while preventing damage to any of the bait attempting to escape.
Although the springs 28 and 33 normally close the opening 24, the fisherman may readily insert his fingers between the lips 26 and 27, stretching them apart, to grasp a selected bait which he can readily see through the wire mesh of the container 18. In doing so, the springs 28 and 33 will close the lips 26 and 27 about his fingers to prevent the escape of any unselected bait and, as soon as he has withdrawn one of the bait, the springs will again return the lips and puckered fabric formation to close the opening 24.
In view of the resilient nature of the soft stocking material 23 and the springs 28 and 33, the fisherman can readily move his fingers, while inserted in the opening 24, to reach any part of the container 18. In doing so, the stocking material will stretch accordingly and will thereafter return to its normal illustrated shape.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many variations may be made in the exact construction shown without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. | <urn:uuid:c4b5db3c-1d38-4b66-9301-c3cb5e2fdc27> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4174585.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00055-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93396 | 1,819 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Cashier's checks are issued by banks and sold to their own customer or any other purchaser and represent a direct commitment of the Bank. They were earlier seen as safe instruments and used quite regularly for payments for goods and services.
These checks came into the spotlight sometime back for the wrong reasons. They became a very lucrative instrument for duping people. The value of a cashier's check is available to the customer a short time post deposit. However, if the check is found to be fraudulent, then this money is not the customer's and has to be returned. The problem is that it takes some time to uncover a fraudulent cashier's check.
How do you ensure that you are not taken in by a fraudulent cashier's check? Here are some tips that will work.
- Understand what a cashier's check is and what is meant by ‘funds available' post deposit of a cashier's check.
- Have business dealings only with people whom you know. Get references from independent third party as far as possible. Be extremely wary of accepting cashier's checks from people whose identity you do not know.
- Accepting payments for sales through the Internet has to be ideally through escrow services or online payments systems. Avoid cashier's check.
- Even if accepting payments through cashier's checks, always take a check for the exact amount of the value sold and NEVER an amount inclusive of a value to be paid to a third party.
- Ideally a payment through a cashier's check should be on a Bank with presence in your area also.
- Call the Bank that has issued the cashier's check to verify its genuineness. They will be able to confirm it as genuine if they have issued it.
- Always distrust a cashier's check transaction which involves:
- A payment into another account or person by wire transfer.
- Any immediate and urgent action by you urged on by the other party.
- Proceeds seem too much gain for ‘little or no pain'.
- A gift or prize money requiring payment.
- A buyer from another country and finds calling you directly difficult.
- Avoid any transaction which has a request, on email, requesting you to keep it a secret.
- Inspect the check for genuineness through security elements like watermarks, heat sensitive ink etc.
- In case payment is received through a cashier's check, cash it at the Bank in their presence.
- Accept a cashier's check only during business hours from people you know.
- When accepting cashier's checks from those you don't know, ensure that identity information is also taken from such individuals.
- Some typical cashier's check scam scenarios are
- Sales of good over the Internet.
- Sales of goods over the Internet but the payment is over and above the agreed sales price and is accompanied by a request for wire transfer of the excess amount to a third person.
- Sudden windfall from a lottery you've not participated in or being the beneficiary of an unknown person. You will be asked to wire the processing fee or some such relating to this receipt, to a person in another county.
- Being chosen as a mystery shopper and receipt of the money by cashier's check. There is also a request to transfer part of the money to a third party.
Being aware of these scams is by itself a protection against them. So next time you or anybody you know becomes aware of such a scam happening, you can protect somebody from being duped. | <urn:uuid:58127af5-72c2-4b5c-974b-d23bce3ff910> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.howtodothings.com/finance-real-estate/how-to-spot-cashiers-check-fraud | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00003-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963317 | 725 | 2.015625 | 2 |
About The Barbary Coast Trail:
The Barbary Coast Trail connects 20 historic sites, including the birthplace of the Gold Rush, the oldest Asian temple in North America, a Silver King mansion, the western terminus of the Pony Express, and the largest collection of historic ships in the United States. On the trail, you will visit the site of the Mexican village of Yerba Buena - later renamed San Francisco. Further on, stroll past Gold Rush-era buildings on a street lined with hitching posts and Victorian street lamps. On a narrow Chinatown lane lined with colorful balconies, learn of tong-war battles and the Gold Rush's bordello fetes.
About Daniel Bacon:
Daniel Bacon is the creator and founder of the Barbary Coast Trail, San Francisco's official historical walk. He is a graduate of San Francisco State University and currently serves on the Board of the San Francisco Museum and Historical Society. Before being a trail blazer, he was a musician, construction project manager, and public relations account executive. Mr. Bacon is a writer and historian. His published credits include articles in Hemispheres, Where Magazine, North Beach Now, Grand Times, and Library Journal. He has authored two publications: Walking San Francisco on the Barbary Coast Trail, a combined guide to the trail and history of early San Francisco, and Barbary Coast Trail Official Guide, a 32-page pocket guide. Mr. Bacon has been featured in numerous television programs on SF history, including KRON TVs Bay Area Back Roads, its Bay Area 2000 history series, and KQED's program, Sin, Fire, and Gold! the days of San Francisco's Barbary Coast. Mr. Bacon leads tours of the Barbary Coast Trail. He enlivens his tours with stories and anecdotes that illustrate San Francisco's unique history. A list of tours and how to book one is described at http://www.barbarycoasttrail.org/. The website also offers a downloadable audio guide which features Mr. Bacon and includes period music, sound effects, and historic reenactments. | <urn:uuid:78e54d5d-9b4e-496d-964b-da1a6fa816fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abc7news.com/archive/6556756/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.92615 | 424 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Can anyone tell me how to germinate an orange seed from one of those little
orange trees? I've had a great little tree for 30 years and my brother recently
killed it by forgetting to water it. It about broke my heart. It had a bunch of
little oranges on it, so I have seeds, but I don't know how to go about trying
to grow a new plant from them.
Just plant the freshly harvested seeds without letting them dry out. Keep
moist and warm. Orange seedlings usually resemble their parent much more
than apple and pear seedlings do, so you have a good chance of getting a
nice tree. If you get 2 citrus seedlings from one seed, one of them is a
*clone* of the mother plant. So if you to plant lots of seeds and only
keep the ones that sprout 2 seedlings (separating them, of course) you
might can resurrect your old plant.
Good luck, and have a happy Easter,
HomeOwnersHub.com is a website for homeowners and building and maintenance pros. It is not affiliated with any of the manufacturers or service providers discussed here.
All logos and trade names are the property of their respective owners. | <urn:uuid:f2e3ed9c-0d05-458a-a226-7f04d08bf91c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.homeownershub.com/edible/planting-orange-seeds-4526-.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00293-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96395 | 255 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The dry magnetic separator or magnetic drum separator with its popularity is the most widely used equipment for separating different magnetic materials in industries like mining, timber, ceramics, chemicals and food etc. As for the mining industry, it is not only suitable for doing the wet or dry magnetic separation of manganese ore, magnetite, pyrrhotite, roasted ore, ilmenite, red limonite and other materials with particle size less than 50mm but also for doing deironing of coal , non-metal minerals and building materials.
The dry magnetic separator is divided into two categories and the permanent magnetic separator system usually uses high-quality ferrite materials or composite made with rare earth magnets. Its tube sheet used to own an average magnetic induction of 80-400mT. As the technology develops, the wet magnetic separator or China magnetic separator can be made into a roll shape and realize a magnetic field strength up to 1650mT which has been the biggest number measured.
1. Roughing after the coarse and secondary crushing of the low grade iron ore, excluding waste rock, etc., improving quality and reducing the burden of the next process
2. Applying to the grading of the uncompleted reductive raw ores from the hematite in the closed circuit roasting process and then returning to burn again.
3. For deironing of the petuntse in the ceramic industry to improve the quality of ceramic products.
4. For deironing of burning coal, foundry sand, refractory matters and other industries.
Interested in our machine? We'd love to hear from you! Leave us a message now for discount price. Our professional team will reply to you within one business day. Thank you so much and wish you a good day! | <urn:uuid:47117386-987f-4176-a1fd-64a41470b52a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hnftm.com/product/magnetic-separator.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00458-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.819035 | 368 | 1.679688 | 2 |
LONDON, JAN 23 — All parts of Britain will suffer economic hardship if there is a No-Deal Brexit, leading business representative group Confederation of British Industry (CBI) claimed in a report Tuesday.
The CBI’s report “Impact of a ‘No Deal’ Brexit Across the UK”, claimed that if Britain left the European Union (EU) without an agreement, every region and each of the three constituent nations outside England would suffer an economic loss running into billions of pounds each year by 2034.
The CBI, which represents 190,000 businesses employing seven million workers, said that the North East of England region would be hardest hit.
The North East would lose 10.5 percent of its real gross value added (GVA), which is a measure of the value of goods and services produced in the region, a cost of seven billion pounds by 2034.
Each of Britain’s constituent nations would suffer a fall in GVA — Northern Ireland 9.1 percent reduction; Wales, 8.1 percent reduction; and Scotland, 8 percent reduction.
When these figures are represented as monetary costs, the London the most, with an annual fall in GVA of 40 billion pounds (51.8 billion U.S. dollars), followed by the South East of England with a reduction of 28 billion pounds.
Carolyn Fairbairn, CBI director-general, said that a No Deal Brexit needed to be avoided, for the sake of businesses. The CBI has in the past backed British prime minister Theresa May’s Brexit Withdrawal Agreement.
“A March no-deal must be ruled out immediately. This is the only way to halt irreversible damage and restore business confidence,” Fairbairn said.
“Our analysis of the government’s own figures shows that Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales and every English region would pay an unacceptable economic price.” – XINHUA | <urn:uuid:49705d90-0dc0-4c70-b03a-45178f18e61f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://namibiadailynews.info/all-parts-of-britain-will-suffer-if-there-is-no-deal-brexit-cbi-report/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.940906 | 402 | 2.421875 | 2 |
RSA tries Australian end-run around U.S. encryption laws
(IDG) -- RSA Data Security has announced the creation of an Australian subsidiary in an attempt to get around U.S. laws on the export of encryption technology.
The U.S. export rules greatly restrict export of the type of encryption tool kits that RSA makes here in the U.S. As a result, RSA has set up a wholly owned subsidiary in Brisbane, Australia staffed with foreign nationals to design a new product line of strong encryption products for easy export.
Quietly at work for some time, RSA Australia, Ltd. yesterday announced its first product: a tool kit for adding Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption to applications built in C. The BSAFE SSL-C tool kit was created by Australian cryptography experts Tim Hudson and Eric Young, now RSA employees.
"We can freely ship this tool kit just about anywhere, including into the U.S.," claims Scott Schnell, RSA's senior vice president for marketing. RSA has established its Australian operation in a manner it believes will not violate the encryption-export rules imposed by the Department of Commerce and the National Security Agency.
To meet the U.S. rules, RSA Australia is staffed only with non-U.S. citizens that create products without any American technical support.
RSA consulted extensively with these two U.S. agencies before setting up the Australian subsidiary.
"They didn't try to discourage us from doing it," Schnell says. "They know we have to be able to export strong encryption to stay in business. They understood we have to compete effectively, but they weren't going to change the law for us."
According to Schnell, the advantage to using RSA's Australian-made SSL tool kit, as opposed to, say, Netscape's comparable American-made one, is that any application based on the Australian tool kit won't be subject to the strict U.S. export rules.
"This is the first time we've been able to sell a full-strength encryption tool kit abroad," Schnell says.
He went on to say that RSA Australia would be creating and exporting several more cryptography tool kits soon.
The tool kit starts at $50,000.
Ellen Messmer is a senior editor at Network World.
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It will probably be available in one or two years, tells the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, a scanner ever seen before, that will know everything about people scanned: substances in the body and clothes, whether there are traces of drugs, explosives or other hazardous chemicals. And all this without having to stop people, without physical contact and, again, probably without their knowledge.
It is something that goes far beyond the matters already raised for satellite tracking and eavesdropping, as those who will use the device, police and governmental investigative agencies, supposedly in the war on terrorism, are going to know many details of scanned people. Moreover, not only suspected people but everybody might be scanned at places like airports, shopping malls, or even the city streets, where police officers will be equipped with this tool.
The company that invented it, Genia Photonics, said that “the device is able to penetrate clothing and provide spectroscopic information of any substance in the human body or objects brought in with him.” Its inventors have already been hired by the In-Q-Tel, to work with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The In-Q-Tel is a company founded in 1999 by a group of private citizens on the CIA’s request and with the support of Congress. A sort of bridge between the intelligence agency and the companies that deal with new technologies.
Instruments like this scanner have already been designed in Russia and at the George Washington University. The one invented by Genia Photonics is, however, thousands of times faster and more accurate, even at a greater distance.
Even if this new technology could open new scenarios in the field of medical diagnosis, the questions about how it will be used in other circumstances, such as security of the country, remain. Who can use it? Which limits do they have? Who keeps the obtained data? Where and how long? A problem, that of privacy, which is still open. | <urn:uuid:4c15f373-dbc1-4350-810e-812ed9ab261d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.endoacustica.com/blogen/2012/07/12/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00241-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96563 | 402 | 1.890625 | 2 |
The latest researchers examined the likely results of three issues where most of the consumers is enrolled in IDR plans. In the 1st, individuals begin spending to the money a lot more than 150% of the government impoverishment line and you can shell out ten% from the earnings. Regarding second circumstance, kept stability was forgiven once 10 years. Throughout the third, the latest installment threshold try raised in order to three hundred% of your own federal impoverishment line, in lieu of 150% lower than latest agreements.
The study finds that getting the consumers for the IDR leads to extreme forgiveness for center-earnings individuals, compared to common or capped forgiveness principles you to definitely disproportionately work for high money consumers. Anybody about 3rd courtesy 7th deciles located 61% of total forgiveness, and folks towards the bottom 50 % of the gains shipping discover over fifty percent of your own development. In terms https://getbadcreditloan.com/payday-loans-md/ellicott-city/ of the racial and ethnic consequences, “forgiveness quantity is twice as higher having blacks according to whites while the general populace,” the brand new scientists located.
“Increasing the new kindness of cash-driven installment preparations, or joining more people throughout these preparations, contributes to the key benefits of forgiveness going to the straight down middle together with middle income, instead of the ideal percentiles of income shipping,” said Yannelis.
“It is not no more than emotion. We have to glance at the wide variety to complete specific designs out-of rules research.” –Sylvain Catherine
Improving the earnings threshold significantly more than and this borrowers pay funds away from 150% of the poverty line to 3 hundred% considerably increases the earnings in order to lowest-money individuals. “That have a living-motivated cost system you to only is actually garnishing wages more than three times the poverty range means that a person who produces $forty,000 annually and is unmarried will not pay something – or hardly any – after which their harmony would be forgiven once 20 age,” told you Catherine. Yet not, to make one IDR coverage more liberal makes little difference to people who earns $one hundred,100 otherwise $150,100000, the guy additional.
not, the new college loans field appear to does not have this new rigor this 1 observes that have regular lender credit
Most of the time, those who spent more hours in school come in procedures like treatments otherwise rules, was earning better and are capable lower its scholar loans, Yannelis told you. But that’s false for all those who went to graduate school, the guy additional. “Some people fight for reasons uknown. In fact it is one of the benefits of those earnings-motivated installment agreements. If somebody has actually a high personal debt balance, it went to rules otherwise scientific college and for whatever need things did not work-out, they don’t have and work out those very high repayments. Therefore, discover insurance coverage made in for consumers.”
The major takeaway from their scientific studies are that policymakers have to feel “very careful” inside framing regulations to cope with college loans, “while they may appear modern in writing, however they are really regressive,” told you Catherine. “We need to do some qualitative knowledge. It is not just about feeling. We need to go through the quantity to accomplish some models off rules investigations.”
The analysis don’t are about $150 mil when you look at the financing started by the individual lenders and you may backed by the government, they listed
Centered on an inside research the brand new U.S. Agency out of Degree used, the us government faces loss regarding $435 billion into the $step 1.thirty-five trillion inside the student loans it holds, This new Wall structure Road Log stated into the November.
The federal government gives more $a hundred billion yearly to college students to pay for university fees within a great deal more than simply six,100 universities and colleges, brand new Record declaration mentioned. “It ignores activities such as fico scores and you can field of analysis, and it cannot familiarize yourself with if or not pupils commonly earn enough after graduating to cover its financial obligation,” it additional. | <urn:uuid:bc812318-2792-4b42-9492-20422788c444> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://abs-tour.com/payday-loans-5000-2/hispanics-while-others-select-all-the-way-down/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.955114 | 898 | 1.59375 | 2 |
On the campaign trail, Gavin Newsom made bold promises: He would boost California’s housing supply by millions of units, solve the state’s homelessness crisis and create universal health care financed through a single-payer system.
After one year as governor, PolitiFact California found Newsom has taken significant initial action through executive orders, record financial investments and pushing through new laws. But on homelessness and housing especially, the on-the-ground results have been limited at best.
And some promises already have been scaled back: Late last year, Newsom stepped back from his ambitious pledge about building 3.5 million new housing units by 2025.
Political observers say the governor may have promised too much and is learning he can’t accomplish his goals as quickly as he’d like.
“I think that Gov. Newsom made an error — an error that all politicians make when they come to office — in promising so much,” said Sherry Bebich Jeffe, a political analyst and retired professor of public policy at USC.
Robin Swanson, Democratic political consultant, added: “When you’re governing a state of 40 million people, essentially a nation state that is California, change takes a little longer.”
PolitiFact California is tracking the governor’s promises through our Newsom-Meter project.
The Democrat and former San Francisco mayor has long-defended his decision to make bold promises.
"I’d rather be accused of [having] those audacious stretch goals than be accused of timidity," Newsom told CALmatters in October 2018. "Because I just don’t think the world demands timidity."
A ‘Disconnect’ On Governor’s Housing Promise
During his campaign, Newsom pledged to "lead the effort to develop 3.5 million new housing units" by 2025 to address the state’s affordability crisis. That would mean quadrupling the state’s annual pace of home construction over the past decade. Newsom listed it on his campaign website as one of the many items that "As Governor, Gavin will" accomplish.
But in his first year, rather than soaring, statewide home production dropped 7 percent to 110,000 units, according to figures from the California Building Industry Association. It was the first decline in a decade.
This lack of progress represents the biggest disconnect between what Newsom promised and what he’s achieved so far, said Wesley Hussey, associate professor of political science at Sacramento State.
“Even the governor has admitted now, the 3.5 million new housing units is not a number that we’re going to remotely have by the day he promised [in 2025],” Hussey said.
He also questioned whether Newsom was sufficiently prioritizing new housing above all else.
During the debate the last two years over Senate Bill 50, legislation that supporters say would have dramatically increased the state’s housing supply, Newsom offered “very vague statements” of support, Hussey said.
“He was not willing to take a bold stand and back it up,” he added.
The “upzoning” bill would have required local governments to allow apartments and other high-density housing near job and transit centers, but it failed in the Legislature each of the past two years.
Despite the slight drop in housing production, Newsom has clearly taken steps to try to achieve his goal.
His first budget invested nearly $2 billion to spur cities and counties to plan and build more housing, including affordable homes. Notably, it included $500 million to expand the state’s low-income housing tax credit, up from $85 million.
During his campaign, Newsom pledged to greatly expand that credit, which is considered California's largest source of funding for affordable housing and has followed through on that campaign promise.
Swanson, the Democratic political consultant, said voters will hold Newsom accountable for his promises, but not until his first term is over.
“He’s just out of the starting blocks,” she said. “And he did set a really ambitious agenda, and so we’ll see what that follow-through looks like [after] four years. But I think there’s definitely still a sense of optimism.”
During his first year as governor, Newsom took major steps to tackle California’s increasingly visible homelessness crisis. He approved $1 billion in his first budget to help cities build emergency shelters and signed 13 bills last fall, many to speed up shelter construction.
In January, he ordered state agencies to find government property and land as a way to get people off the streets. He also proposed a new $750 million fund to pay for rent and build housing for homeless people, along with another nearly $700 million to address health needs for the state’s chronically homeless residents.
"These kind of commitments, we’ve never seen before in state government," Chris Martin, a legislative advocate on homelessness at the nonprofit Housing California, said in January. "He came in and really made an impact right away.
But even with the early efforts, Californians are growing more concerned about the issue.
A Public Policy Institute of California survey in October found 15 percent of state residents cited homelessness as the biggest problem, tied with the economy for the top overall. It was the first time homelessness has ever been ranked at the top in more than two decades of PPIC surveys.
In the year before Newsom took office, California’s homeless population jumped 16 percent to 151,278 people, according to a report released last month by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. During the same period, January 2018 to January 2019, the nation’s total increased just 3 percent. Figures showing how the numbers have changed during the governor’s first year in office have yet to be released.
While advocates for homeless people are encouraged by the governor’s commitment, others say Newsom over-promised when he said he could solve the issue.
“I don’t see the problem as solvable,” said Jeffe, the former USC professor. “It ought not to have been portrayed as solvable. It will follow the governor both in terms of policy and politics.”
Newsom has made progress on several specific promises on homelessness, such as expanding health care and housing services for those without a permanent home.
But he’s yet to take action on his pledge to appoint a cabinet-level homelessness czar. Last fall, we rated that promise as ‘Stalled.’ Newsom said at a news conference in January: "You want to know who the homeless czar is? I’m the homeless czar in the state of California."
Newsom’s promise to create universal health care “financed through a single-payer model like Medicare,” as his campaign website reads, was as ambitious as any pledge.
He’s made some progress expanding health care access. In July, Newsom signed a law expanding Medi-Cal to income-eligible undocumented adults up to age 26, making it the first state in the nation to cover this group. The state expects to spend $98 million on the expansion and estimates 138,000 young adults will become insured.
Newsom has won praise for the moves.
“Our communities will be healthier and more families will be able to thrive thanks to these expansions of access and affordability in California,” said Anthony Wright, director of advocacy group Health Access, in a statement last month.
Dan Schnur, a longtime Republican political strategist, said Newsom started making the single-payer pledge a longer-term prospect even during his campaign.
Then-candidate Newsom cautioned it won’t happen anytime soon, given that it would require federal approval from President Trump, who doesn’t support it.
In December, Newsom announced the creation of a task force to explore creating a statewide universal health care plan. It would be paid for “through a unified financing system, including but not limited to a single payer financing system,” according to a news release from the governor’s office.
Schnur said a single-payer system is “not happening anytime soon.”
Mike Madrid is a political consultant who typically works with Republicans, though he advised Democrat and former Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa during his run for governor against Newsom.
Madrid said he’s skeptical that Democrats will truly hold Newsom accountable for some of his bigger promises, especially on creating a single-payer healthcare system.
“It’s like Donald Trump and building a wall,” Madrid said, citing the president’s signature campaign promise. “You know that it’s not going to get done and Mexico is not going to pay for it. But if you are a hardcore right-wing Republican, you enjoy being lied to. You enjoy the fantasy of it because you want that partisan, ideological warrior of your stripe advocating for you and bringing that perspective.”
“It’s really the same thing with single-payer and Democrats. And that’s what Gavin Newsom was playing into,” Madrid added.
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Does the Firm Size Matter? An Empirical Enquiry into the Performance of Indian Manufacturing Firms
The Law of Proportionate Effect depicts that firm’s growth rate is independent of its size; Gibrat (1931). Some of the existing studies support the Gibrat’s Law: Hymer and Pashigian (1962), Mansfield (1962), among others. However, Gale (1972), Shepherd (1972) and recently Punnose (2008) report a positive relationship, while Haines (1970) and Evans (1987) observe an inverse relationship between firm size and profitability. Baumol (1959) opined that rate of return increases with firm size. Therefore, the extant empirical research on the firm size – performance relationship provides inconclusive results. Manufacturing firms’ data from the Steel and Electrical & Electronics (EE) industries are taken from CMIE Prowess database for the period 2004-05 to 2006-07. Results show that firm size affects current profitability: positively in the Steel and negatively in the other. Some more determinants of firm performance are explored. Retained earnings have negative impact on profitability in Steel but, positive in EE. Bank credit is found negatively significant in both the industries. Market share of firms and industry concentration ratio (CR4) although inconsistently are the other significant determinants of firms’ performance. Firms’ market value (Q) is found positively significant for both the industries. This signifies that high market value of firms reflects their goodwill, knowledge stock and prospective investment opportunities which positively influence the firms’ performance. The significance of having high brand equity which the corporate firms thrive for becomes apparent. Interestingly, the impact of size is affected by firms’ market value: firm size positively affects profitability both in Steel and EE. Furthermore, ineffectiveness of Law of Proportionate Effect is strengthened when tested over the combined data of Steel and EE firms. The short-run dynamism in firm performance is also impacted by presence of Tobin’s Q.
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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Chesher, Andrew, 1979. "Testing the Law of Proportionate Effect," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(4), pages 403-11, June.
- Bronwyn H. Hall, 1986.
"The Relationship Between Firm Size and Firm Growth in the U.S. Manufacturing Sector,"
NBER Working Papers
1965, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Hall, Bronwyn H, 1987. "The Relationship between Firm Size and Firm Growth in the U.S. Manufacturing Sector," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(4), pages 583-606, June.
- Saleh Amirkhalkhali & Arun K. Mukhopadhyay, 1993. "The Influence of Size and R&D on the Growth of Firms in the U.S," Eastern Economic Journal, Eastern Economic Association, vol. 19(2), pages 223-233, Spring.
- Gale, Bradley T, 1972. "Market Share and Rate of Return," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 54(4), pages 412-23, November.
- Roy Thurik & Enrico Santarelli & David Audretsch & Luuk Klomp, 2002.
"Gibrat's Law: Are the Services Different?,"
Scales Research Reports
H200201, EIM Business and Policy Research.
- Audretsch, D.B. & Klomp, L. & Thurik, A.R., 2002. "Gibrat's Law: are the services different?," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2002-04-STR, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
- Breusch, T S & Pagan, A R, 1979. "A Simple Test for Heteroscedasticity and Random Coefficient Variation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 47(5), pages 1287-94, September.
- Evans, David S, 1987.
"The Relationship between Firm Growth, Size, and Age: Estimates for 100 Manufacturing Industries,"
Journal of Industrial Economics,
Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(4), pages 567-81, June.
- Evans, David S., 1986. "The Relationship Between Firm Growth, Size, and Age: Estimates for 100 Manufacturing Industries," Working Papers 86-33, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University.
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I know we regularly take a look at great educational apps at Edgalaxy but the vast majority of those apps do come at some expense. Se here is our list of the top 5 free educational apps. These apps may be particularly helpful for those pursue a degree
1. Google Earth: Hold the world in the palm of your hand. With Google Earth for iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch, you can fly to far corners of the planet with just the swipe of a finger. Explore the same global satellite and aerial imagery available in the desktop version of Google Earth, including high-resolution imagery for over half of the world's population and a third of the world's land mass.
2. iBooks: iBooks is an amazing way to download and read books. iBooks includes the iBookstore, where you can download the latest bestselling books or your favorite classics – day or night. Browse your library on a beautiful bookshelf, tap a book to open it, flip through pages with a swipe or a tap, and bookmark or add notes to your favorite passages.
3. Image Searcher: (Free) Image Searcher is a Google/Bing Image searching tool for iPad. Simply type in any keywords and you will see the thumbnails of images. You can view the original images, save them to your Photo Albums, email them to your friends, or open the original web pages.
4. National Film Board: As featured in a nation-wide marketing campaign by Apple, the NFB Films app allows you to watch over 2000 movies - documentaries, animations and feature films - free on your iPad.
5: ToonTastic: Toontastic teaches key storytelling principles that help to promote Creativity at a young age. Its drawing tools bring kids’ wildest ideas to life alongside virtual playsets chock full of pirates, princesses, far away galaxies, and many other characters and settings to spark the imagination. Cartoons can be shared online via ToonTube, Toontastic’s Global Storytelling Network, to help children connect to friends and family and learn about other cultures, customs, and lifestyles through stories created by their peers around the world. | <urn:uuid:f790940d-e49c-4efc-8040-e69fd20fc10a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.edgalaxy.com/journal/2012/5/31/top-5-free-ipad-education-apps.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00044-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897633 | 445 | 2.5 | 2 |
Hey Money Boss...
By Dian Vujovich
Believe it or not, when it comes to teaching your kids all the ins and outs of money, like how to invest, spend, save and give, it’s not the schools that are the best teachers but their moms and dads. At least that’s what the latest research shows.
That’s an awfully troubling conclusion, if you ask me, particularly when most of the parents I know and speak with admit to knowing little about money management and financial literacy issues. Even those with assets in the $25 million plus arena often know beans about their beans.
But, according to new study from The University of Arizona’s Pathways to Life Success (APLUS), if you want your kids to learn not to live beyond their means, how to save and use credit cards wisely, the best role models are their parents.
If you’re stuck on how to begin your financial lesson plan, start by making sure your kid gets a job. Any kind of job. APLUS’s research showed that young people with work experience develop better behavior, more positive financial attitudes and wind up better off then kids who don’t.
That means the sooner you send your little darlings off into the work force, the better. Even when jobs are hard to find as they are today, an encouraging parent and a creative kid can still come up with something. If McDonald’s isn’t hiring, suggest mini-entrepreneuring and help them develop some service skills they can offer to neighbors and friends. Jobs like baby-sitting and helping someone clean their homes, garages or apartments might sound corny but they do pay more than minimum wage and are terrific ways for kids to begin to learn about money management.
Seventy-three percent of the 2000 young people between the ages of 18 and 25 in this study admitted to maxing out their credit cards and not paying their bills on time. Twenty percent, taking out payday loans or using one credit card to pay off another. Those aren’t good habits for you anyone to partake in.
So step up to the plate, mom and dad. This isn’t a put-your-head-in-the-sand kind of deal. And who knows, perhaps the lessons learned will serve you as much as it does your children.
Learn more at: http://www.nefe.org/APLUS.
To read more articles, please visit the column archive. | <urn:uuid:5d668033-16d2-4605-b56b-36563faecd26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://fundfreebies.com/other/050809.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.951401 | 524 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Fuerty Fairy Fort, Co. Roscommon
According to Liam Connolly, the fairy fort in sight of his kitchen window was used as a burial ground during the terrible years of the Great Famine. This fact seems only to add to the mysterious atmosphere, as well as the sanctity of the place.
Archive for 'Earthworks'
Fuerty Fairy Fort, Co. Roscommon
Portballintrae, Co. Antrim
In legend, these 40,000 interlocking blocks of stone were the first segment of a roadway stretching across the sea to Scotland. It was built, the story goes, by Fionn mac Cumhaill so that he might battle Benandonner, his rival across the sea.
Kiltyclogher, Co. Leitrim
Because some of its segments correspond roughly to the modern border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, the Black Pig’s Dyke has supplied ancient superstition with a symbol of the bloodstained divisions of the two communities sharing the island.
Ballyferriter, Co. Kerry
There is little left to see at Dún An Óir. The earthworks from the hastily-constructed 1580 fortification have been eroded by weather and waves. There is no evidence of the November day centuries ago when 600 people were slain on this spot.
Culleens, Co. Sligo
Is it possible that there might be a connection between an ancient inauguration stone, a nearby fairy fort, and the apparition that appear to four teenage girls on a dark country lane in 1985?
Tulsk, Co. Roscommon
Rathcroghan has both a geographic and a symbolic presence. It is an archaeological treasure trove, but it also is the venue of a queen-goddess with the power of conferring legitimacy on the tribal kings of ancient Ireland.
Knockainey, Co. Limerick
This sacred hill of the fairy queen Áine, who was known as both sun goddess and love goddess, was a ceremonial site long before the first stirrings of a Celtic mythology. It remains sacred for some visitors today.
Rosses, Co. Sligo
“At the northern corner of Rosses is a little promontory of sand and rocks and grass: a mournful, haunted place. No wise peasant would fall asleep under its low cliff…”
William Butler Yeats, “Drumcliff and Rosses”
Navan, Co. Armagh
Not a natural feature such as a holy well, this artificial pool was dug out, and allowed to fill in with water, to create a ritual site sometime in the first millennium BCE. There is no other site like it in Ireland.
Kells, Co. Meath
The Teltown Fair was said to include Olympic-like competitions of strength and agility, even horse races and staged battles. There was also a nearby spot where young men and women could join in a yearlong trial marriage.
Ballynahatty, Co. Down
Unique in the country for its central stone tomb, this monument is the largest enclosed ceremonial space in Ireland. The top of the bank is flat, providing a viewing platform for the rituals enacted here in prehistory.
Moynalty, Co. Meath
Ireland has remnants of more than 45,000 ringforts. There were once many more, now leveled and lost. That so many have survived is due in part to their being known as the homes of the fairies.
Portaferry, Co. Down
Tara Fort sits on a prominent hilltop southeast of Portaferry, on Northern Ireland’s Ards Peninsula. Thomas McKeating claimed that "these fairies were supposed to be seen sittin’ underneath a tree, singin’ and playin’ their music."
Tulla, Co. Clare
Did the memory of a first-century warrior’s grave so impress itself upon the early Dalcassians that they enshrined its sanctity for the inauguration of their own princes from the 5th to the 16th century, including the illustrious Brian Boru?
Killaloe, Co. Clare
Within a trench dug into the ringfort the archaeologists discovered evidence of a rectangular wooden building, paved with large slabs of stone and containing a central hearth. Can this be where Brian Boru, the “Emperor of the Gael,” lived as a youth? | <urn:uuid:1a29bb96-ca5a-4735-9011-1507ad785a30> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.voicesfromthedawn.com/category/6-earthworks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00003-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956739 | 924 | 2.6875 | 3 |
This app was removed from the App Store.
Mac OS Productivity
MindNode is an elegant and intuitive mind mapping application. Its focus and flexibility make it a fantastic tool for brainstorming and organizing your life.
MindNode lets you lay out your notes and tasks visually so you can get a bird's-eye view of your project. The clutter-free interface lets you concentrate on generating and connecting ideas, and an infinitely expanding canvas means that no matter how big or complicated your project gets, MindNode can keep up.
• Create new nodes with one click
• Drag and drop to move or reconnect nodes
• Create multiple mind maps on one canvas
• Infinitely large canvas expands to keep up with your ideas
• Lion fullscreen mode lets you brainstorm without distractions
• Highlight important nodes using different colors, fonts, and stroke widths
• Search lets you find any node with ease—no matter how big your mind map gets
• Export your mind map as a PDF, FreeMind or OPML document, PNG or TIFF image, or text file.
For more advanced mind mapping and sharing features, check out:
• MindNode Pro
The most powerful and flexible version of MindNode for your Mac includes iCloud and WiFi sharing, image and file attachments, drag-and-drop reorganization, and much more. Available on the Mac App Store.
• MindNode touch
Create mind maps with a tap of your finger on your iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch. Available on the iOS App Store.
• Fixes performance issues related to scrolling and text input.
• Color Themes are retained when opening a document saved on iOS. Full support for Color Themes will follow in 1.10.
• Fixes several issues related to using a text-only toolbar.
• Fixes an issue related to exporting a document with a colored background to PDF.
• Improves OPML export.
• Fixes a spell checker issue.
• Correctly suggest a document title on OS X Mountain Lion. | <urn:uuid:5447ceeb-a9d5-4dd2-a3de-573755a829a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://appshopper.com/mac/productivity/mindnode-for-mac | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00134-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.839383 | 414 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Date of Award
Dr. Bob Riley
Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress did not have the power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce. As a result, each state attempted to protect local business at the expense of the other states through the enforcing of trade barriers. Removal of these restrictions on commercial relations imposed by the "sovereign" states became one of the "moving purposes" which brought about the Constitutional Convention in 1787. There seems to be no doubt that the commerce clause was inserted in the Constitution to prevent the states from interfering with the freedom of commercial intercourse.
The constitutional meaning of the commerce clause has been developed and expanded by statutory enactments and through judicial interpretation. These have converted this clause into one of the most important grants of authority in the Constitution. Justice Harlan Stone once said that the "commerce clause and the wise interpretation of it, perhaps more than any other contributing element, have united to bind the several states into a nation." It is largely through the commerce power that Congress has gained the authority to regulate almost every conceivable aspect of American life. And the commerce power continues to expand to immense proportions.
Biggs, Cloene, "The Supreme Court as the Arbiter of Economic Affairs through Interpretation of the Commerce Clause from 1789 through 1937" (1968). Honors Theses. 558. | <urn:uuid:2c432f3a-1042-4d07-93a9-758c8a84284c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/honors_theses/558/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.935414 | 314 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Edited By: Desmond King-Hele
172 pages, no illustrations
Not a narrative biography, but a series of illuminating insights into Erasmus Darwin's life and work, with quotations from letters and candid comments by Charles Darwin, who here writes more freely than in his scientific works.
'! a marvellous insight into Darwin's judgement of his grandfather, and a unique look at his original text.' Endeavour 'This scholarly work has two sets of footnotes, Charles's original references and then a more detailed set by the author. We must be greatly indebted to King-Hele for spending the time and care in producing this very important slim volume. This is a book that will be used many times by scholars who are intrigued with eighteenth-century development and its preoccupation with science and its potentials.' Open History
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Wildlife, science and conservation since 1985 | <urn:uuid:2543ca47-778b-43cb-8643-fd9dbb6f4de6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nhbs.com/title/118777?title=charles-darwins-the-life-of-erasmus-darwin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00450-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945536 | 245 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Concept cars are like double edged swords – their alluring visuals are mostly non-compatible with the practicality of real-time production. Well we would hope Faraday Future’s FFZERO1 supercar goes against trend, simply because of its touted credentials that boast 1,000 horsepower, a 0-60 mph (0-96 km) acceleration in less than three seconds, and a top speed of over 200 mph. All of these ‘figurative’ figures, supposedly powered by a quad core electric powertrain, come after the company had been working under the wraps for more than a year.
The exhilarating features are complemented by the futuristic design model of the concept car. This translates to an encapsulating glass roof that provides a tantalizing glimpse into the carbon-fiber flaunting interior. And beyond just the classy visuals, the FFZERO1 electric supercar will come with a smartphone mount arrayed in the middle of the steering wheel, accompanied by the Halo Safety System that safeguards the driver’s head and neck and provides a special helmet for crucial water and oxygen supply. Moreover, the proximate dashboard is dotted with a biometric data gathering system that ‘keeps an eye’ on the driver’s vitals.
Of course all these aspects still belong in the realm of gimmicks. But on the practical side of affairs, there is one feature that has tickled our fancy. This pertains to what Faraday Future touts as the Variable Platform Architecture (VPA). Envisioned as highly flexible platform, the company plans to use it as the customizable core system around which modular components can be installed, thus resulting in variant models of automobiles (with different numbers of electric powertrains). As Nick Sampson, a senior VP at Faraday, said in an interview with Verge –
We can change the number and power of the drive systems. We can change the physical size and electrical size of the battery packs, so we can get bigger and larger packs and smaller packs both on the electrical size and physical size because of the modularity of how the battery architecture is being done, which is unique compared to anybody else in the industry. The underlying story is all about the platform that’s being built.
This scope of adaptability also translates to the FFZERO1 concept in question. For example, the electric supercar (with a total of four motors) utilizes strings of batteries that can be adjusted – by detaching or adding the rows of batteries. Furthermore, the placement of the motor can also be altered within the ambit of the platform, which in turn would allow the user to choose between a front-wheel, rear-wheel, or an all-wheel drive.
Lastly, as for the commercial side of affairs, there is no doubt that the FFZERO1 concept will give a sweet little PR boost to Faraday’s $1 billion production facility in North Las Vegas, Nevada. But the question of a ‘real car’ still dangles in the air, with the company expecting to furnish a navigable model within a couple of years.
For more details, you can check out their home website. | <urn:uuid:33701bfa-e3c4-4380-aa6c-42b73bf41542> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.hexapolis.com/2016/01/06/faraday-futures-ffzero1-supercar-concept-with-1000-hp-showcased-at-ces-2016/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.937297 | 653 | 1.890625 | 2 |
The philosophical problem of identity is epitomized by the paradox known as the “Ship of Theseus.” Suppose a ship is rebuilt by removing one plank at a time, and replacing it with a new plank of the same shape and material. Is it still the same ship? Most people would say so. But suppose all the planks that were removed are brought together and used to construct a new ship of identical form. Wouldn’t it be more appropriate to say that is the same ship as the original, and the one with new planks is a duplicate? There is no easy answer. Every possible reply seems to lead into a morass.
The Ship of Theseus and several related paradoxes have been tangling philosophers in knots for thousands of years, dating back to the ancient Greeks and continuing with Locke, Hume, Kant, etc. It is easy to get a sense that no real progress has been made: after all the modern philosophers have spoken, the paradoxes seem just as paradoxical as they did to the ancient Greeks. It seems to me, though, that there is a route to a clearer understanding, by looking at identity in a different way: from a cognitive neuroscience rather than philosophical perspective. I propose to examine identity as a mechanism that the brain uses to organize the world of perception.
The basic premise is that at a cognitive level, an identity is a label attached by the mind or brain to a portion of the world, usually one that is continuous in space, time, and form. To motivate that premise, it will be useful to briefly examine the way that identity comes into play in modern physics and in computer science.
Identity in physics
The concept of identity is so deeply built into our thought processes that it is hard to examine. Cognitively we live in a world of things, each of which is a distinct individual object and remains the same over time, as long as it continues to exist. It seems impossible to imagine a world that is not divided into things. However, the world of modern physics is just such a world. In modern physics, objects are merely clusters of matter and energy that cohere for some period of time — they have no deeper reality. In modern physics, even subatomic particles do not have individual identities.
It might help to understand this point to consider a hurricane. We think of a hurricane as a distinct entity, but really it is just a temporary arrangement of air and wind. The air that makes up a hurricane on one day has nothing in common with the air that makes it up on the following day. Its edges are indefinite in space, and its birth and death are indefinite in time. As an entity, it is purely dynamic. It shows rough continuity in space, time, and form, but no continuity in substance.
In modern physics, there is no level of identity higher than a hurricane. Some arrangements of matter may last much longer, and have borders that seem less arbitrary, but these are really just matters of degree. For a hurricane, it is reasonably easy to see that its identification as a distinct entity is a process performed by our brains. It is not quite so easy to see that the same fact applies to objects such as rocks and bodies, but it is just as true.
Once it is accepted that identity is a structure our brains impose upon the world, two basic questions follow immediately. (1) Why do our brains organize the world as an array of individual things? (2) How do our brains do this? That is, what is the neural mechanism for assigning unique identities to parts of the world and tracking them over time?
Identity in computer science
The value of identity might seem intuitively obvious, but it is useful nevertheless to see how it comes into play in computer science, specifically in database programming.
A database, to a programmer, is a collection of data organized into “records” and “fields.” A “record” represents the data that comes from one individual entity — perhaps a person, place, website, purchase, data point in a scientific experiment — really any sort of thing. A “field” represents some property of that entity. For example in a database used to hold a record of transactions for a corporation that sells things on the web, each record might represent one specific transaction, and might have fields for the customer name, address, credit card number, item purchased, price paid, date and time of purchase, delivery tracking number, etc.
In most databases there is some field that serves as a “unique identifier” — in other words, a field that serves to pinpoint each specific record and distinguish it from all other records. Sometimes unique identifiers are taken from pre-existing information. For example, in a database whose records represent people, it is common to use the social security number as a unique identifier. Everybody (within certain populations) has one, and no two people share the same one. Another frequently used unique identifier is a credit card number: no two people should ever have the same one. In many cases, though, unique identifiers are generated essentially at random. For example in a database of transactions, there might be a field for the “transaction number,” which is obtained by adding 1 to the transaction number for the previous record.
The function of unique identifiers is to avoid confusion. If the database is searched using other fields, such as name or date and time of purchase, it is hard to guarantee that the wrong record won’t be retrieved. But any record that has the correct value for the unique identifier is sure to be the correct record. Thus unique identifiers work to keep information in records that are similar in some way from getting mixed up with each other.
The only really essential property of a unique identifier is uniqueness. There must never be two records that have the same identifier value. This property is so useful that it justifies using database space to store fields that have no other meaning.
A consequence of uniqueness is that identifiers are usually arbitrary and are typically generated by some central authority. If identifiers have information coded into them, or if they can be generated by multiple agents, it is hard — not impossible, but hard — to avoid the possibility of two records ending up with the same identifier. Think about social security numbers: they don’t carry any information about a person (actually they do carry a little bit, but by accident), and don’t serve any purpose except to distinguish a person from everybody else in databases.
Identity in the brain
My premise is that the human brain contains a database consisting of memory-records of clusters of matter (“things”) that are continuous in time, space, and form, and labels these memory records with unique identifiers that we call “identities.” Often we refer to identified entities using names or certain types of descriptions — “John Q. Jones,” “the planet Jupiter,” “my car,” “this house” — but those are not unique identifiers. The unique identifiers are cognitively opaque.
Why does the brain do this? Because individual things — continuous clusters of matter — often have properties that remain valid over time, but are not easily discerned. Individual people, for example, have personality features that remain generally valid, but can only be recognized on certain occasions. Labeling things with identities allows their covert features to be tracked across time.
Identification — the term I will use for this process — is so deeply built into our cognition that it is hard to think about it clearly. It is hard to think about the world at all without thinking about it as a world of things that remain the same over time.
The process of identification obeys two basic rules. The first is continuity. In order to be identified as the same thing, a cluster of matter must change location continuously and change form continuously, without any time gaps. Thus if I make a fist, it remains the same fist as long as I keep my hand clenched, but if I open my hand and then clench it again, it becomes a different fist. This is however a soft rule, and we are open to the possibility of it being violated to some degree, as in the Star Trek Transporter and the Ship of Theseus.
The second rule is uniqueness, and this one is inviolable. The rule that an identity can only have one exemplar is so deeply built into our thinking that violations seem almost like logical contradictions. But it is really no more contradictory for two bodies to be the same person — to have the same identity — than it would be for two people to have the same social security number.
Why is the uniqueness rule inviolable? Because the way our minds work depends on it. We remember information about things by linking that information to their identities. If two clusters of matter are labeled with the same identity, then it is impossible to keep any distinct properties they might have from becoming confused in our minds.
Solving the paradoxes
If these premises are accepted, then the explanation of paradoxes such as the Star Trek Transporter and Ship of Theseus is straightforward. They work by setting up scenarios that force us to violate the rule that an identity can only have one exemplar, and we simply can’t do that.
Consider the Star Trek Transporter: the scenario is that the Transporter fails to work properly and leaves an exemplar of Kirk on both ends. Which one is the real Kirk? The obvious answer is that they are both the real Kirk, but our minds can’t process that. We can’t think about the two exemplars distinctly unless we assign distinct identities to them. But there is no way to do so without making a decision that seems arbitrary — hence the paradox.
If we accept that an identity is a label attached by the brain to a cluster of matter, then we immediately get several questions about brain mechanisms. How are identities generated and stored by the brain? The answer is unclear, perhaps largely because nobody has been thinking in these terms, but surely must involve the inferior temporal lobe (the terminus of the so-called “what” stream).
And if Identification is a brain process, which animals other than humans have it? The answer is not clear at all. It seems possible to get highly sophisticated behavior without Identification — by responding only to the directly perceptible features of the environment. It does not seem likely that Identification is ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom. However, it seems likely that Identification is a necessary precursor for the processes known by the term “Theory of Mind.” It’s hard to see how knowledge and beliefs can be attributed to another animal without first representing that animal as a uniquely identifiable individual.
William Skaggs is a neuroscientist and science writer. His specialty is learning and memory, and he has a longstanding interest in the scientific study of consciousness. His twitter handle is @weskaggs, and he maintains a personal web site for his writings. | <urn:uuid:04b73c10-07b8-44df-874f-08ec41283182> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scientiasalon.wordpress.com/2014/10/24/identity-a-neurobiological-perspective/comment-page-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.961333 | 2,269 | 2.96875 | 3 |
According to AAP and various other news sources, New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark called on Japanese whalers to deal with their damaged vessel in Antarctic waters or face international outrage if it caused an environmental disaster (especially considering we are right there with an appropriate vessel to help!)
Clark says she is not prepared to offer the ship port facilities in New Zealand, saying no request has been made for the ship to stop here, and that she expects the ship to be towed all the way back to Japan. However maritime law expert Duncan Currie also told New Zealand press that international conventions meant it should be towed as soon as possible to the nearest port (which would be in New Zealand) to mitigate the pollution risk.
In general the media seems pretty supportive of our position, however, according to some sources, the Esperanza is in fact called the Ezmerelda, and is captained by one Karli Thomas, who last time I checked was none other than our expedition leader. I wonder what Captain Frank is doing these days... considering starting a Southern Ocean towing business perhaps? | <urn:uuid:5c4bbe24-e84f-44da-9a32-fad796c77c99> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/world-wont-forgive-whalers-for-disaster-nz-pm/blog/9549/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00143-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976 | 216 | 1.554688 | 2 |
|Author (Person)||Begg, Iain|
|Publisher||Economic and Social Research Council|
|Series Title||The UK in a Changing Europe|
|Content Type||Journal | Series | Blog|
The UK in a Changing Europe promotes rigorous, high-quality and independent research into the complex and ever changing relationship between the UK and the European Union (EU).
It provides an authoritative, non-partisan and impartial reference point for those looking for information, insights and analysis about UK-EU relations that stands aside from the politics surrounding the debate.
The Initiative’s work is tailored to be easily accessible to policy makers, businesses, journalists, civil society organisations, educational institutions and the general public who are interested in the UK’s relationship with the EU.
It is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), and based at King’s College London.How much will the United Kingdom have to pay the European Union as part of its exit from the European Union. The author says that taking away the rhetoric on both sides, the situation remains complex and that there remains enormous room for negotiation, some very technical and some political.
|Subject Categories||Economic and Financial Affairs|
|Countries / Regions||United Kingdom| | <urn:uuid:697aa002-231e-4ebb-9cc7-9c8d2779b495> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.europeansources.info/record/how-much-will-brexit-cost/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.898402 | 320 | 1.742188 | 2 |
The largest and most sophisticated rover landed safely on Mars and the world’s most famous Moon visitor died, but the space event that most captured the public’s imagination in 2012 involved a journey to Earth.
On Oct. 14, YouTube counted 52 million streams of the Austrian daredevil Felix Baumgartner’s supersonic, record-breaking jumpfrom a balloon 24 miles above the New Mexico desert. YouTube called it “one of the most-viewed live events ever,” and it landed at No. 10 on the video-sharing site’s year-end trending list — the first time a science-related subject made the list, a YouTube spokeswoman said. (Google listed the leap as No. 7 in its Zeitgeist 2012 of trending events.)
And it was far from the only science story to go viral. To put it in 140 characters or less, social media and science found each other in 2012.
In surprising numbers, people posted, viewed and searched for science-related topics last year — sharing news from space and undersea, commenting on new discoveries and uploading photos and video in a full-out embrace of the ability to communicate with thousands of others about global subjects in real time.
The first Twitter message on Aug. 5 from @MarsCuriosity, NASA’s official rover handle — “Gale Crater I Am in You!!!” — was retweeted more than 72,000 times. Photos of the space shuttle Endeavour flying over the West Coast, on its way to its final resting place, ricocheted across the planet. And the director James Cameron’s claim to have sent the “deepest tweet” — from the Mariana Trench, about seven miles below the surface of the Pacific — was rated one of Twitter’s “moments of serendipity and just plain awesomeness” (though it was actually sent by a friend above water). Four science-related events made that list, with the Mars landing at No. 1.In an age of despair over math and science acuity, it appears that what was once considered uninteresting or unfathomable has become cool and exciting.
via The New York Times – MARY ANN GIORDANO
The Latest Streaming News: Science and Social Media updated minute-by-minute
Bookmark this page and come back often | <urn:uuid:670fe5b4-68a7-4c56-8b88-773e8ebdd2fb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.innovationtoronto.com/2013/01/new-frontier-for-topics-in-science-social-media/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00115-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927309 | 493 | 2.5625 | 3 |
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How far do you stretch the definition of acceptance of other’s beliefs and free speech? We all like to think that we would allow all differences of opinion, personality, and character to stand, proudly quoting the First Amendment as we watch Neo-Nazis march down Main Street. Really think about it though. What if your neighbor patrolled the perimeter of his property with a loaded shotgun? What if he came to city council meetings and verbally harassed people to such a degree that nothing was out of bounds, including mocking the murder of a council member’s daughter? What if he preached hate and intolerance, and threatened to turn your neighborhood into one of the frontlines for the battle for White Power? Would you really live and let live?
These were the questions faced by the two dozen (literally, Population 24) residents of Leith, North Dakota, and deftly chronicled in Michael Beach Nichols and Christopher K. Walker’s unsettling and downright depressing “Welcome to Leith.” When Craig Cobb became the 25th resident of Leith, it became a national story. At first, no one really noticed the grizzled old man who started buying up empty lots in an area of the country described as “B-roll for The Walking Dead.” Then Cobb made his presence known, announcing to the other members of the White Power Movement—for which he had been an outspoken leader—that he was basically taking over Leith. He invited people who believed as he did to move to Leith, hoping to turn the city into a compound for his organization, dominating votes on the city council and building monuments to his movement. When Cobb’s allies started buying the lots from him, and one notable skinhead and his wife even moved in, the locals started to panic.
Nichols and Walker are careful to allow Cobb’s words and actions to demonize him more than their filmmaking. It would have been easy to sensationalize this story—using true crime documentary camera techniques to really turn up the heat on Cobb’s rhetoric. Instead, they merely spent as much time with the aggravator as possible, watching him torment people at city council meetings and swear at his neighbors. They carefully avoid making “Welcome to Leith” about what Cobb believes in, focusing on how those beliefs impact a community more than the hatred and vitriol within them. To that end, they surprisingly avoid much conversation with the only minority in Leith, who happens to be the man who sold Cobb the property in the first place. Other filmmakers would have made that the story of “Welcome to Leith.” It’s easy to make a documentary about hateful people. It’s harder to focus on the impact of hateful people on those around them.
To that end, the creators of “Leith” spend an equal amount of time with Cobb and his cohorts as they do the residents of Leith, resulting in a notable balance in this portrait of a community. Again, being a strong proponent of free speech, I would never deny Cobb his right to believe what he does, and I find outspoken people like him less terrifying most of the time than those who hide their disgusting beliefs. At least we know where Cobb is and what he thinks. But Nichols and Walker raise fascinating questions about just how much disagreement and hatred we’re willing to accept from our neighbors, and they do so without much flair or over-direction. They provide what we hope to get from films about small communities—sketch it in such a way that the local story becomes one in which we can see universal issues. What happened in Leith could happen in hundreds of small towns across the country, and, in many ways, is happening in major ones too, as hateful people move in next to those they hate. As the world gets more crowded and intolerance shows no signs of dissipating, what we will do when we see a bit of the drama in Leith in our own cities? Or maybe it's too late to even ask that question. | <urn:uuid:600f8b5f-67e2-4290-80c7-801526bd7641> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/welcome-to-leith-2015 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.980218 | 833 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Would certainly You Love A Massage Try These Pointer 39515
In this day and age, who could not utilize a little catalyst now and then? If you require one for your mind or body, a relaxing massage therapy could be in order! The following article contains practical suggestions to teach you about the benefits of massage; keep reading!
When offering a massage, do not forget to concentrate some attention on the neck as well as shoulders. While significantly focus is paid to the back during a massage, the neck as well as shoulders could hold strain and also stress too. Using for a long time massaging them supplies a bunch of relief as well as can improve the massage therapy experience.
If you have problems with tension headaches and medication is not doing the trick, take into consideration massage therapy. This unique visit portfolio has many influential tips for how to study this idea. Massage helps to unwind the body, and it can target particular pressure factors that offer advantages. Appreciating a massage when a week might be all you need to do away with your headaches as well as maintain them away.
When your feet hurt, you hurt across. Ease the discomfort with a good foot massage therapy you can do on your own or someone could do it for you. Stroke your foot with your thumb from the base of your heel to your toes. This activity must go back and forth across your foot at the exact same time.
When providing a massage, it is extremely important that you utilize oil or lotion. Massage therapy oils can raise the motions of the soft cells. Making use of oil will certainly decrease the pinching and also yanking feel on the skin. Massage oils can be found in all different ranges. They consist of aromatherapy and also offer lubrication and nutrients.
You should think about acquiring a great massage therapy specialist who makes property or office calls. These individuals have the ability to reduce their expenses by going from home to house rather than renting a workplace. Generally, their services prices less as well as you do not need to spend cash on gas!
If your child is suffering from colic, a gentle massage therapy could relieve several of their suffering. Slightly warm some jasmine baby cream and also gently massage therapy your little ones back, legs, hands as well as feet. This powerful masaj firsatlari kadik�y website has endless dynamite lessons for why to look at this view. This will certainly help unwind your child making them less picky if they are suffering from tummy aches caused by colic.
Using pressure with your fingertips is the fundamental concept of the Japanese Shiatsu massage. Your massage therapist will apply experienced tension at particular tension issues. This will certainly lead to automated leisure. Shiatsu massages are for boosting power levels as well as well being.
Do not neglect to extend before and after you receive a massage. A massage therapy will certainly be more reliable if your muscles are currently warm and also you will have more energy after your massage if you take a few mins to extend your muscles. Besides, stretching is a reliable way to alleviate muscular tissue pain.
If you suffer from clinical conditions such as hypertension or are expectant, speak out prior to acquiring your massage therapy. Most of the times, a massage will certainly still be secure, but the strategy will most likely should be changed. A professional massage therapy therapist could aid you get the leisure you are looking for while staying risk-free if you are willing to speak out.
Rubbing your very own shoulders could be satisfying if you do it right. Starting on top of your spine, utilizing one hand or two, utilize your hand to stroke from skull to shoulders. After that work your method across the shoulder in an outward direction. Return to the neck and also repeat the process.
Can you really feel the physical body"s curves as you massage therapy? You must utilize your fingers and your palm to look for strained muscles and figure out which geographic areas hurt one of the most. If you"re around suburbs that are bony, you should use your hand even more to steer clear of from triggering discomfort. For locations with more curves, the fingers could be utilized to massage deeply as well as eliminate any kinks.
You do not have to eliminate your garments for a massage. Many people really feel unpleasant being totally undressed, so don"t be afraid to keep some clothing on if it makes you a lot more unwinded. Your masseuse will not be upset. The goal of a massage is to relax, so stressing regarding apparel is counter-productive.
A wonderful massage therapy strategy for reliving shoulder pressure is giving on your own with a bear squeeze. To do this, placed the right-hand man on the left shoulder and also the left practical the appropriate shoulder. If you require to get extra info about home page, there are many resources you can investigate. Securely continue each shoulder as well as release. Do this three times. Ultimately, start to function your hands down your arms pressing and then letting go till you reach your wrists.
There truly is nothing like a fantastic massage! Hopefully this article has offered you some very enlightening details regarding getting the most effective massage therapy feasible. They can east strained muscle mass, fade anxiety and also obtain you going once again. Make use of these ideas and also discover even more about exactly what massages could do for you..
If you cherished this report and you would like to receive additional information pertaining to international health kindly pay a visit to our own web page. | <urn:uuid:232af3f0-fa95-4b1e-8bc0-7ddf798ecda8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ro.saferpedia.eu/wiki/Would_certainly_You_Love_A_Massage_Try_These_Pointer_39515 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00356-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958275 | 1,127 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Kin Groups and Descent. Descent is patrilineal, and localized descent groups of four generations play an important role in neighborhood affairs. A patrilineage called the jo doggola ("people of the doorway") is made up of about six generations and is the largest corporate descent group. Its members may be dispersed over an area of 50 square kilometers, but they participate jointly in a number of activities. There may be eighty adult male members of this lineage who can be called upon to pay blood money in the event that one of its members is deemed responsible for the death of a nonmember. Members of the jo doggola also attend important rituals, such as funerals and marriages, and the failure of one section of the lineage to attend such a ritual is often an indication of impending fission within the lineage. Lineage fission is brought on in several ways: the lineage can grow so large that members cannot keep track of one another, the membership can become too widely dispersed, or conflicts can take place. Typically, these conflicts occur between two senior brothers quarreling over cattle or over the rights to use certain fields. Within the jo doggola, people have a clear sense of genealogical relationships, but beyond six or seven generations genealogical knowledge becomes unclear. Nevertheless, a vague sense of kinship does persist among people who are patrilineally related, however distant the relationship may be. Each person sees himself or herself as belonging to a named patrilineal group that includes a large number of people and is made up of many different jo doggola. These clans, or sibs, are typically found throughout Lango territory, although they are unevenly represented in different locales. The members of a particular sib often claim a totemic relationship with a particular species and follow a number of ritual avoidances. At present, the only real importance attached to sib membership is in connection with marriage, in that a man and a woman of the same sib are believed to be patrilineally related to one another and therefore cannot marry.
Kinship Terminology. Kinship terminology is of the Omaha type. | <urn:uuid:bbab4a64-4e52-47fb-b662-7dc71b791a3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.everyculture.com/Africa-Middle-East/Lango-Kinship.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.961167 | 440 | 2.65625 | 3 |
In my post last week, I talked about what I see as inefficiencies in the system design of many crowdsourcing projects. Today, I thought I'd stick with the inefficiency theme after reading a blog by Umair Haque entitled The Efficient Community Hypothesis (thanks to Rebecca Fernandez for pointing it out).
In this post, Haque makes the case that the efficient market hypothesis often talked about by finance types should be replaced by something he calls the efficient community hypothesis.
From the post (all emphasis mine):
"...where efficient markets incorporate "all known information," efficient communities incorporate "the best known information." An efficient market is a tool for sorting the largest quantity of info. But an efficient community is a tool for sorting the highest quality info."
"The point of communities is, when you think about it, to ensure that people and organizations don't just get any old information — but the right, the best information. They should filter out bad, inaccurate information from unreliable sources and replace it with its opposite. They are, in short, the economic mirror image of markets: where efficient markets ensure information efficiency, efficient communities ensure information productivity."
Take a few minutes and go read the full post. It certainly got me thinking about how a more community-focused approach could help redesign our financial system to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past few years. | <urn:uuid:eb621414-3d26-4960-8882-6016f7b69b59> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://opensource.com/comment/29461 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00495-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944986 | 277 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Web Standards in the Real World: An Interview with Molly Holzschlag
Molly E. Holzschlag is a recognized expert in the area of Web Design, deemed one of the Top 25 Most Influential Women on the Web. We’re big fans of Molly E. Holzschlag’s books on cascading style sheets, in particular Cascading Style Sheets: The Designer’s Edge and Spring Into HTML and CSS. UIE’s Joshua Porter recently got a chance to chat with Molly about her work.
UIE’s Joshua Porter: When you first presented at the User Interface Conference in 2001, we didn’t hear many of our clients talking about CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). It seems lately we’ve hit a tipping point and getting tons of questions about CSS. What do you think caused this growing focus on CSS?
Molly E. Holzschlag: There are multiple reasons CSS is becoming so important. The bottom line for many large companies and organizations is financial, and we know that very large sums of money can be saved because of reduced bandwidth use. Add to that the fact that CSS is extremely useful as a document management tool, and you’ve got two things companies like: ROI and time savings.
Another very influential factor is legislation as it pertains to Accessibility worldwide: Using CSS assists a great deal in making pages more accessible.
Last but of course not least, the performance benefits gained are wonderful for the end-user, as savvy CSS results in faster-loading pages that render more effectively.
What are the most important issues for developers just starting out with CSS?
In order to use CSS effectively, developers must also understand markup (HTML, XHTML). Developers also need a solid understanding of browsers and how to manage them—this is perhaps the toughest part of the job. Finally, it’s essential for developers to understand how CSS itself works. It’s a far more complex language than people realize, and without a full understanding of it, and how browsers work, designers are immediately at a disadvantage. This is why proper training is so imperative at this time.
Now that the web has seen its fair share of fully implemented, standards-based web sites, are designers realizing the promised benefits of less development time and more flexible, cross-browser compatible implementations?
Yes, the benefits are being realized every day and in highly significant ways. Corporation, industry, government, education and charitable organizations all have seen the benefits from committing to standards-based design.
For businesses, benefits include lowered costs, improvement in time-to-launch, and greater overall satisfaction with the end product. For developers, web standards offer an almost extreme programming approach to workflow. Teamwork becomes easier and more efficient, morale is improved. For users, the experience improves because designs now display more quickly, and are accessible, flexible, and cross-platform: All the things the Web is meant to be.
Are there any caveats to standards-based design?
One caveat, and it’s a bit of a harsh one. The learning curve to develop for standards is very high and demands that people constantly learn. The sheer volume of knowledge required to work this way is humbling, and I am challenged every single day by it. I think that’s why it’s so interesting for many developers.
You’ve been helping companies learn and integrate standards into their production processes for several years now. In that time, what have you learned about teams who are moving to standards? What hurdles do teams have to get over?
Communication is always key, of course. Workflow is proving to be a tough challenge for development teams. Organization politics and opinions get in the way of visionary work sometimes. All of us have experienced that, and I don’t know that any of us know the best of dealing with it. Improved methods for Web project management and workflow help.
Another major problem is managing what I call “OGS”—Organic Growth Syndrome. We generate so many documents, for some teams, millions in a given day. We need to address server architecture, information architecture, and mass document management techniques as well as user experience and design. Standards help this in very specific ways, but it does mean going back and re-examining what we have and what needs to be done moving forward.
Speaking of workflow, we’ve spoken with many companies who have content management issues: their production workflow is a huge challenge for them. Do you see web standards as having any role to play in CMSs? Are some CMSs more standards-friendly than others?
Well, there you go—workflow again! Yes, standards are critical for CMSs. There are many reasons, primarily for improved performance all around.
There are a variety of CMSs working toward standards, and I think you’ll be hearing a lot about them in the next year or so. Conventional CMSs remain problematic in terms of standards support. Blog tools are becoming more sophisticated and can be seen as mini-CMSs, especially Movable Type and WordPress, both of which are strongly standards-oriented.
A growing requirement for many of our clients is accessibility compliance, usually with the 508 Accessibility Guidelines. How do web standards help or hinder 508 compliance?
Using CSS-based layouts and semantic documents helps go a long way toward accessible sites. I’ve anecdotally said about 80% of the way there, but I’ve had some very reputable accessibility folks say it’s more, so long as the authoring process includes markup specific to accessibility. After that, it’s about addressing functional and perceptual issues—more on the user experience side. Done right, a standards-based site is written with accessible features in mind, every step of the way.
You’re an integral member of the Web Standards Project, an independent watchdog group that promotes web standards by working with design tool and browser makers to better support them. Give us an idea of how that work is going, what challenges you’ve met and what things you’re continuing to focus on.
Acid2 is the biggest and most exciting news right now. It is a test written to help browser vendors make sure their products correctly support features that web designers would like to use. These features are part of existing standards but haven’t been fully supported by major browsers. Acid2 tries to change this by challenging browsers to render Acid2 correctly before shipping. Every known browser has failed the test.
Of course, that’s the point of the test. Browsers are supposed to fail, and then fix. I’m hearing really interesting stories about folks like Dave Hyatt from Safari who is fixing bugs line by line and blogging the entire experience. Mozilla Firefox tracks everything at their bug site, too. Hopefully, Opera and Microsoft will join the party and begin to openly use the test. What’s more, the test isn’t just for browsers, any technology testing rendering engines for XHTML, HTML, CSS and PNG support can benefit from Acid2.
You recently expressed concern over several concepts that are still struggles for designers. One concept you kept running into was that CSS was not ready for “prime time”. Why do you think that this is still a concern?
CSS is ready for prime time, but again, it’s a huge learning curve. That’s the challenge of standards-based design. The benefits are undeniable, and they will be here for the long-term. The difficulties in getting there have to be acknowledged, however, as equally challenging. I’m convinced that through education, networking with each other, and just keeping the conversations going, we’ll all get there. | <urn:uuid:920706ec-a1bb-42e3-b1a0-ca949aff454d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://articles.uie.com/holzschlag_interview/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00211-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952955 | 1,620 | 2.046875 | 2 |
NSA leaks: UK and US spying targets revealed
- 20 December 2013
- From the section World
More details of people and institutions targeted by UK and US surveillance have been published by The Guardian, The New York Times and Der Spiegel.
The papers say that the list of around 1,000 targets includes a European Union commissioner, humanitarian organisations and an Israeli PM.
The secret documents were leaked by the former US security contractor, Edward Snowden, now a fugitive in Russia.
They suggest over 60 countries were targets of the NSA and Britain's GCHQ.
The reports are likely to spark more international concern about the surveillance operations carried out by the US and the UK.
News that the National Security Agency had monitored the phone of German Chancellor Angela Merkel triggered a diplomatic row between Berlin and Washington in October.
The New York Times reports that GCHQ monitored the communications of foreign leaders - including African heads of state and sometimes their family members - and directors of United Nations and other relief programmes.
The paper reports that the emails of Israeli officials were monitored, including one listed as "Israeli prime minister". The PM at the time, 2009, was Ehud Olmert.
The European Commission said in a statement that the claims, if true, "deserve our strongest condemnation".
"This is not the type of behaviour that we expect from strategic partners, let alone from our own member states."
Mr Almunia, a Spaniard, is responsible for approving mergers and investigating monopolies. He has clashed with the US firm Google.
The NSA denies carrying out espionage to benefit US businesses.
The Dutch Liberal MEP Sophia in 't Veld described the latest claims as "shocking".
"The UK spying on its fellow EU member states in order to get an economic advantage is simply unacceptable," she said.
GCHQ did not comment directly on the claims but said it operates "under one of the strongest systems of checks and balances and democratic accountability for secret intelligence anywhere in the world".
On Thursday a White House panel recommended significant curbs on the NSA's sweeping electronic surveillance programmes.
Edward Snowden left the US in late May, taking a large cache of top secret documents with him.
He faces espionage charges over his actions and has been granted temporary asylum in Russia. | <urn:uuid:ef9359ec-0e5c-4c3c-aa8b-f51b493f491b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bbc.com/news/world-25468263 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00466-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950841 | 464 | 1.570313 | 2 |
The old and closed Florida Race Track could be torn down to be replaced by homes and stores.
It was once known as “the world’s most beautiful race course.”
Now only slivers of that beauty peek through the fences and locked gates of the privately owned Hialeah Park. And the talk about town is that it could turn into a sprawling development of homes and stores.
Enter Alex Fuentes, 29, a Hialeah resident who wants to preserve the park and a piece of local history.
”This is where Seabiscuit first raced, this is where world leaders would come on the weekends, this is what put Hialeah on the map,” said Fuentes, founder of Citizens to Save Hialeah Park. “This is something everyone should be fighting to preserve. Saving Hialeah Park is not just a Hialeah issue.”
In a sign of solidarity with the 250 signature pink flamingoes still housed behind the park’s locked gates, the group will don pink shirts and protest in front of the East 32nd Street entrance, beginning at 2 p.m. today.
But time is running out for Fuentes, his followers and the famed park.
The Hialeah Park Race Track first opened its doors on Jan. 15, 1925. Through those door walked the likes of Winston Churchill and Joe Kennedy. Socialites and dignitaries rode special trains from Palm Beach to spend the afternoon among the royal palms and towering Australian pine trees.
It was where famed racehorses like Seabiscuit, Seattle Slew and Citation displayed their prowess before making it big at the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness.
By the end of 1979, the racetrack landed on the National Register of Historic Places.
But as interest waned for horse racing in the 1990s, and competition for games dates increased with Calder and Gulfstream race tracks, the park drew fewer visitors. By May 22, 2001, Cheeky Mist would be the final horse to win a race at the park.
Though the park remained open for visitors and for wedding receptions, its doors were shut to the public last December after failed attempts by owner John Brunetti to regain the racing license removed by the state Legislature in 2003.
Last January, Brunetti, submitted to the South Florida Regional Planning Commission a proposal to construct 3,760 condominiums, and almost one million square feet of commercial shopping space. The commission raised questions about the project’s density and asked for changes.
Meanwhile, the park’s past was fading fast. In November, the Hialeah City Council swiftly approved a measure declassifying the historic designation of the horse stables. In January, a bulldozer tore them down.
Hialeah Mayor Julio Robaina called the stables, which had suffered damage from Hurricane Wilma, an eyesore that was causing a rodent problem for neighboring businesses.
The final clincher for Fuentes’ group in came in February when the City Council approved a measure calling for the creation of five ”new business development districts” throughout the city. Two of the proposed development areas, with buildings of three to seven stories, would be located on Palm Avenue and East Fourth Avenue — land that runs parallel to the park.
I’m an old fan of horse racing, but the sport is dying because of competition from other forms of gambling. Racetracks have closed all over the country, Brandywine Raceway where I spent alot of time when I was young, and Roosevelt Raceway less than an hour from where I lived on Long Island are just two examples.
The horse stables are gone and would be needed to re-start racing, but the economics are bad for racing. Who is going to re-start racing there. And while Hialeah was a part of South Florida’s early history, who will take tours of an old racetrack? I’m not going to and as I have said I been around horse racing when young and still follow the sport. It is time to say goodbye to Hialeah Park and remember what it used to be.
- 2009 dates awarded to Balmoral, Maywood, and Hawthorne raceways
- No more live horse racing at Rockingham Park
- Hiawatha Horse Park shuts down simulcasts
- Woman’s 10-cent bet pays $21,584 at track
- Adios stakes race probably moving to Pocono Downs for 2008
- Pompano Park to offer race programs for free
- Race-fixing claims investigated at 3 Michigan horse tracks
- Hoosier Park owner defaults on loan
- Rosecroft Raceway ceases operations
- Horse owners want bigger share of slots revenue at Pompano Tracetrack
- Eight is Enough- Edmonton beats Chicago 8-4
- Lydia Ko wins New South Wales Open
- The Comeback I- Pittsburgh Penguins beat NY Islanders 5-0
- Seattle Mariners Outfielder Greg Halman stabbed to death at age 24
- Hee Young Park wins CME Titleholders Championship
- Oklahoma State Women’s Basketball Coach Kurt Budke dead at 50
- Costly mistake- Blackhawks waive Rostislav Olesz
- Manager Tony La Russa announces retirement
- Puck Drop- Florida Panthers start the 2011-12 NHL season
- 13-time PGA Tour winner Dave Hill dead at 74
Comments are Closed | <urn:uuid:59cbd9e2-1421-44e3-bc5e-4176995fc174> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sports.outsidethebeltway.com/2007/03/can-or-should-hialeah-park-be-saved/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00039-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946456 | 1,130 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Word Working Wood working is a method of building, carving or making something using wood. Wooden products are seen everywhere these days. If you want to enhance the appearance of a room in your home, then there is no doubt you can find something made of wood. It requires a great amount of skill to make quality handmade wooden products. Basically wood is of 3 types. They are hardwoods that is obtained from deciduous trees, man made materials that include plywood and softwoods that are obtained from evergreen trees. There are many wood workers who have made a mark in woodworking by building some of the finest architecture, furniture. Some of the popular wood workers of all times are Alvar Aalto, Norm Abram, and John Boson. Today wood working tools are used most commonly to make furniture in the house. You will also see a variety of wood working tools at construction sites. Most wood working tools are power driven. Some of the common wood working tools that are commonly used on construction sites are chain saws, nail guns, rotary tools, routers, biscuit jointer and sanders. For inserting a nail into the wood you should use a nail gun. A wood working tool is used for cutting polishing, carving, sanding and for many other applications. Without these wood working tools you simply cannot make a wood product. All these tools are easily available in market. Before operating these tools you should have good knowledge about how to use these tools. If you don't have proper knowledge, could cause you injury and the end result will look funny. Generally skilled workers such as carpenters, train for years to a high standard to handle tools efficiently enough to produce quality products. These tools are commonly used to make products such as cabinets, chairs, dining tables. And the better quality of wood used and top craftsmanship, you can expect the price to match! Popular Wood Working If you are a homeowner who wants to buy furniture but are unable to decide on the type of furniture or you have undertaken a home improvement project then this article will solve your problem. This article will give you a brief description about the popular wood working products. The best way to decorate your home is by buying popular wood working products. A popular wood working product for example are cabinets. If the cabinet is spacious and intricately designed then it is likely to sell fast. Elegant cabinets completely change the appearance of your room. In fact it will give a royal touch to your room. It is the best way to impress your guests. Wooden cabinets from teak wood are especially popular as they are hard, durable and give long lasting satisfaction to its customers. Cabinets made from teakwood are water resistant. The other reason why they are popular is that there are affordable. They are simply exquisite in any color. A cabinet is a quintessential piece for your house. Cabinets have a flat surface that is essentially used for serving food. The dining room set is a popular wood working product. Your home furniture is incomplete without a dining room set. A dinning room set normally consists of a big table and 4 chairs. So if you really want to enjoy your lunch then you must have a dining table. Not only are they available in a variety of different sizes and shapes to suit everyones home. They are also very durable and will last for years. Wooden Carved Swing: A variety of wooden carved swings are available in the market. These swings are attractive as they have exquisite designs. These swings are made from high quality wood and are intricately designed by skilled artisans. These artisans have given fine finishing to these swings. Wooden Sideboard: Most wooden sideboards exhibit artistic brilliance. Beautiful designs are carved on them. Superior finish will surely lure you to buy this piece. Superior quality wood is used in making these products. Wooden Statues: These wooden statues are known for their beautiful carvings and designs on it. These wooden statues represent a perfect reflection of mastery and creativity in wooden work. Wooden statues include figures of Goddesses and God. High quality colors are used to paint these statues which give them an elegant look. Curtain Rods: A wide collection of curtain rods having unique designs are available today. Materials that are used making curtain rods are of superior quality. These doors are available in a variety of sizes and shapes to match your doors and windows. Antique Doors: These doors come in exquisite designs that reflect artistic brilliance. As they are intricately carved these doors are in great demand in international market. These doors come in various designs and shapes. The attractive look of antique doors will compel you to buy these doors. Wood Working Projects It is always better to do wood working with proper planning. A wood working project will include finding out the requirements of the product, preparing plans and executing them. Given below are some of the things involved in wood working projects. The first thing in wood working projects is deciding exactly what is required. For this you will have to consider the different things the purpose for which the product is about to be used. In addition, you however consider what capacity will be required what design will be suitable, etc. The planning is a very crucial part of any wood working projects. During this, you should take in to account the needs, availability of time, money, etc. All of them play an important role. Then you should properly prepare a plan. You should write requirements and the specifications, which you desire. Also sketching the whole product is a very useful thing in preparing plans. Prepare proper sketches of the plan. This sketch should have the measurements and also each part of the products. The next step after preparation of the plan will be, buying the materials, which you are going to use. There is a lot of variety of timber and wood materials available for making furniture. You should select what satisfies the requirements for cost, strength, and the look. For wood working projects, you will also need to buy some tools. There is a great variety for the tools as well. Some are cheap while some are costly. While preparing the plans itself you should make such plans that, you will not need to use the costly tools. Alternatively if you already have some tools with you they may not have been used for quite some time. Therefore, you will require conditioning them before using them. If the tools have become blunt, it is very important that they be again sharpened. Use of blunt tools may result in improper and rough cuts or damage the soft wood material, such as plywood, etc. Then the next step in wood working projects is their execution. This is the most exiting and the main part of wood working projects. Great care is required while doing it. Any mistake while execution can be costly. Do not try anything different from what you have included in the plans. After this, the next step is to giving a proper finish to the piece. For this, the finish can alter the whole look of the furniture. Choosing a proper finish can completely change the look of the whole piece, so choose wisely! Various Tools Used For Wood Working Woodworking is a laborious job; this is because the activities as processing wood, cutting, fitting, etc, are involved in wood working. Therefore it is important to use right wood working tools which help to reduce the required labor and make wood working much more convenient. The wood working tools are simple wood working supplies as hammer, saw, etc, which are small and operated manually. However, apart from wood working tools wood working machines also are available for facilitating your projects. The difference between wood working machines and wood working tools is that wood working tools are simple, small, and cheap. As they are small, they are usually portable and have to be operated by holding them in hands. They are used for simple wood working operations jobs as cutting, fitting different pieces of wood in order to make any type of wood work piece. On the other hand, the wood working machines are large and are usually costly. They are used for the activities as processing of wood and even creating new wooden artistic objects. There are several wood working tools used these days. The most commonly used among them is a saw. There are different types of saws such as Japanese saws, dovetail saws, cross cut saws, Tenon saws, bow saws, chain saws, etc. They are used for cutting. However, before cutting the wood, it is to be marked with wood working tools such as markers and majoring tools. The tools as measuring tapes, squares, rules, etc are required for measuring and the wood working tools as marking gauges, knives awls, play a very crucial part in marking marks before cutting. Marking is very crucial part of woodworking. This is where the skills of the wood workers come into picture. Then the third most common wood working tools are hammers. The hammers are required to fix nails with which the different pieces of wood are fixed together to make the work piece. Apart from nails, screws also are commonly used for fixing the different parts of the work piece. For using screws, we first need to drill holes in the wood. The drilling machines are the tools for this purpose. Then the next important categories of wood working tools are the chisels, scrappers and carving tools. They are required for a number of small activities involved in wood working. The finishing of the wood work pieces also is an important part of wood working. There are some wood working tools used for finishing also. The wood planes are used for smoothening and regularizing the surface. Scrappers and polishers as sandpapers, steel wool and other abrasives also are useful for smoothening of the surface. For additional support for fixing the different parts, the work piece together wax or adhesives are applied along with the nails and screws. The work piece is also generally colored of polished with varnishes, colors etc. therefore the wood working tools as brushes, or sprayers also are required. These are only among some of the common wood working tools that every wood worker should have. All the above-mentioned tools are cheap and therefore even the non-commercial wood worker too may have them in his collection of wood working tools. Wood Working Supplies Wood working requires different things as the raw materials as the timber, supplies, skills etc. The wood working supplies too, are among important assets of a wood worker. Most of these supplies last through out life and they therefore are dear to the wood worker. The wood working supplies are the things i.e. the tools that are used for the wood working. Most of them are common and are used for any type of wood working project. Some of the common ones are given bellow. The table saw -- cutting is the most general activity in wood working. The table saw is a simple and small tool, which you can use for cutting the small pieces of timber. As it will be required in every project, it is one of the prime tools, which a wood worker should have. Band saw -- it can be used for cutting the large pieces of wood, ripping wood, etc. moreover it can be used for cross cutting, or cutting the wood in the form of circles, etc. it is thus a multipurpose tool. Drilling machine -- drilling holes in the wood too is among the most common activities in wood working. The drilling machine is the tool that helps to do so. Today automatic drilling machines are available which work on electricity. And it does not matter how tough the wood may be, it will drill through it within seconds. A set of tools -- a set of tools will contain the simple tools as hammer, screw drivers etc. these tools are used for the number of small activities in the wood working as fitting nails, screws, pulling removing them, etc. in the market the set is usually available as a whole. Its contents may vary according to the supplier. The router -- is a tool that is useful for directing or routing the wood as we cut it with saw or any other machine. They facilitate the wood worker to have very smooth and regular cuts. These are only among some of the wood working supplies that all the wood workers will have. Apart from these, some other types of wood working supplies are also used for the special purposes, by the commercial wood workers. As mentioned earlier wood working supplies are the important for every wood worker. While buying them the wood worker should be careful. He should take care that they are made from the good quality material. The wood working supplies made from poor quality steel, quickly loose their sharpness. Moreover, the wood working supplies also tend to become rusty. Therefore it is important that they are correctly looked after so to prevent this. Ideally, a proper storage box should be used. Any wood working supplies should be kept away from children as they are very sharp and hence can easily injure them. Wood Working Plans For any furniture, just serving the purpose for which they are made is not enough. Furniture is also considered a thing for decorating the interiors of house or any other place. For this reason, the wood working is a skillful job. It involves many artistic skills of the worker. The wood working plans are the standard, established or readily available plans, for making wood work pieces. The wood working plans are the plans, which are available in the market in the form of books or some other sources like the internet etc. They enable a non-skilled worker to prepare good pieces of wooden furniture. For this reason, they are very useful for the people who want to do some woodwork for non-commercial purpose. Wood working plans are can be classified according to the purpose for which they are used. They can be for commercial or non-commercial purpose. Further, the wood working plans for the different furniture are different. There are number of things that you should consider while choosing a wood working plan for your work. The first thing that you should consider is the design of the plan. There is a huge variety of plans available and so you will get the one of your choice. Then the second thing is the complexity of the wood working plans. You should consider whether you would be able to follow it or not. You should consider whether you have the equipments that will be required for execution of the plan. You should also consider how much time you would need for implementing that plan. For the non-commercial people who don't have much skill, a wood working plan, which involves simple but an artistic design, and are easy to follow, are ideal. Moreover, the wood working plans can also be classified based on the quality. They should ideally have good description and explanations. More important than this they should have good diagrams and illustrations, which can explain in more depth. Also, checkout the measurements for each part of the plan. They are the most crucial factor for any work. The wood working plans will not be successful if the measurements are wrong or are not correctly given. There are a number of sources from where you can get the wood working plans. Books are the best option. However, the internet is a source, which is becoming very popular. There are many websites, which provide online wood working plans. Some of them provide free online plans as well. You can download and store the plans on your computer and use them whenever required. Alternatively, you can also get a plan for yourself made by a professional. The wood working plans are useful in a number of ways. They're easily accessible and the cheap prices make them affordable to every one. Therefore if you too are thinking of making a wood piece all by yourself, wood working plans are a great option. Free Wood Working Plans Can give an idea about how to design a particular wood working product. They also give information about the material that has to be used in making a certain product. A wide range of free wood working plans are available on the internet. Indeed you will get valuable information from free wood working plans that can be used for home renovation purposes. On some websites amateur wood workers share their experience, tips and ideas that make up for great free wood working plans. Some free wood working plans that are commonly used are bookcase plans, bed plans, shed plans, workbench plans and entertainment centre plans Cherry Bookshelf plans: It consists of 13 pieces that are screwed and dadoed together. The shaping and joinery is done with the help of drill press and a table saw. The bookshelf has slats and pyramid top posts. Cherry wood is used as it is lighter. You can use other types of wood such as quatersawn white oak. For building this bookcase you require screws, screw hole plugs, slates and shelves. The dimensions of these items will differ according to your requirements. Break Down Chair Plans: This high backed chair and has no wedges or pegs. You can easily make 2 chairs out of 4'x8' sheet of good quality plywood. It is very easy to make these chairs. Antiqued Table plan: Clear pine is used to make this antiqued beauty. Tools that are required to make this table are trim saw or handsaw, bits and drill, spray bottles, wet rag and belt or orbital sander. Materials that are required to make this table include legs, apron, fastening strips and table top. You also require screw and washer, shellac and carpenter's glue and 8 hanger bolts. Depending on the size of table you want, you should select the dimensions. Circular Kitchen Table Plan: Solid black walnut wood is used to make this kitchen table. The tabletop which has a radius of 2 feet is a perfect circle. The circular top is on a pedestal base which is constructed using laminated bridle joints. Warmth of this wood enhances as tung oil and polyurethane are used for protecting the finish. The contemporary design of this antique table is much more attractive than formal dining style. Jointer, jigsaw, hand router and some other tools are required to make this piece. Mahogany bed plan: This ideal master piece is ideal for any bedroom decor. The bed is made from solid mahogany. The bed with its contemporary style has convenient rail hangers A series of slats are required for supporting the bed. A box spring is not required once you use these slats. Depending on the thickness and length of the mattresses the dimensions of the bed will vary. The dimensions should be such that it should be able to handle queen size mattresses. The bed is designed in such a way that you can disassemble it easily. Jewelry Box plans: This elegant case has a simple design. If there are some beautiful small wooden boards in your house then you can make this box on your own. It won't take you long to build this attractive box. This can indeed be a perfect last minute gift for a friend. Wood Working Patterns Wood working is a job that requires skills and precision. Without this, there is always a chance that your work will get spoil or will not be as good as you had desired. One thing that is very helpful in wood working is preplanning your work. It is always good to prepare plans before starting the work. These plans should include the things as appropriate use of the resources as raw materials, tools and time. The wood working patterns are the things that you can include in your plan. Wood working patterns are the standard and established plans for making some parts of the wooden furniture. For example, the wood working patterns for the edges of tables, etc, or the wood working patterns for making stands, etc are very useful. The purpose of using the wood working patterns is the beautification of the furniture. Apart from parts of wooden furniture, the wood working patterns for making and entire piece of furniture also are commonly used. Most of the people would like unique furniture or at least the one, which is not very common. Therefore, they will think that wood working patterns is not of any use for them. However, though the wood working patterns are commonly used and everybody who uses them makes the furniture of the same type, the external finish can alter the looks. The wood working patterns are available for making decorative pieces out of wood. Thus using them beautiful wooden articles can be made. There are a number of sources from where you can get the wood working patterns. Books are the most convenient. They are available cheaply and so you can buy one for you too. Moreover, they are widely available and so you will not need to search for them. Moreover, you can refer to them at any time. Online sources of wood working patterns are becoming popular day by day. There are a number of websites, which would provide you wood working patterns free. Some websites provide them in the form of downloads which you can store on your computer. There is no need of any training for using wood working patterns. You can learn and use them all by yourself by referring to books or the internet. There are a number of advantages of using wood working patterns. The first and the most important one is that they are designed by professional and skilled people. They are artistic and attractive. Most of the users of wood working patterns are generally people who are not formally trained in wood working. Therefore, they are designed such that any body can use them. Most of the wood working patterns are time saving as well. Moreover, they are very easy to follow and implement. You will not require using any special or expensive tools for using them. Their easy availability increases the convenience of using them.Moreover, they aid in improving your own artistic skills in wood working. You can use them to make your own wood working patterns as well. Wood Working Machines Wood has been used to make different articles since long. Today it is used for different purposes as furniture, decorative articles, and many other purposes. The popularity of wood is because it is easily available and can be cut easily for making different articles. The wood working machines are the tools, which make cutting and wood working even more easy and convenient. The wood working machines are wood working tools that are driven by a motor, which works on electricity or oil. They can be divided into two types as the ones, which are used for the smaller scale wood working, and the others are for the large-scale wood working. They are used for cutting, polishing smoothening, drilling of wood. The nail guns are useful for fixing the different parts together. The small-scale wood working machines are mainly used today for making artistic articles, or furniture in small workshops, etc. the capacity of these machines is low. They may be further subdivided according to the mode of use. The two types are the hand held wood working machines and the fixed wood working machines. Some examples of hand held small-scale wood working machines are biscuit joiner, chain saw jigsaw, electric drill, domino jointer, nail gun, rotary tool, etc. Some examples of the fixed small-scale wood working machines are the drill press, band saw, drum sander, jointer, bench grinder, combination machine, wood lathe, table saw, thicknesser, spindle moulder, etc. Thus, small-scale wood working machines are available for all the tasks involved in woodworking. They are small sized and of lower capacity. Therefore, they are cheap and affordable to the people who want to set up a furniture repair shop or small workshop for wooden furniture and articles. The large-scale wood working machines are the machines, which are large and have very large capacity. They are generally used in the factories which manufacture process timber to produce plywood, flat wooden panels, rods, etc which are assembled together to make furniture or used for other purposes. They are also used in factories, which manufactures furniture or wooden articles on a very large scale. Due to their large size and high prices, they are not used by the small-scale wood workers. Some of the examples of large-scale wood working machines are the double end tenor, panel-dividing machines, machines for processing the edges of panels, machines used for boring or preparing holes in wooden pieces, assembling machines, etc. The wood working machines have number of advantages. The wood working machines for each task in wood working are available. Moreover, there is also a lot of variety in their capacity. Because of this, they are available in different sizes and prices. So everybody can choose according to his need and convenience. One more advantage is that their parts around replaceable. They are simple to use. Thus, they make the artistic and skilled job of wood working very simple. Improvements are taking place constantly their capacities, ability, are constantly improving. Equipment Used in Wood Working If you want to make any furniture in your house or you want to start your own wood products factory then wood working equipment is a must. Wood working equipment is used to mould a piece of wood into the desired shape. Some of the common wood working equipment include biscuit joiner, chainsaw, drill, nail gun and wood router. They are used to join 2 pieces of wood. Some of the hand held power tools are as follows: Wood working machine: This machine is mainly used to process wood. These machines are extensively used in woodworking and are powered with the help of electric motors Biscuit joiner: A biscuit joiner also referred as plate joiner is commonly used for joining 2 pieces of wood. It has a 100mm diameter circular saw blade that is used for cutting a semi-circular shaped hole in wood composite panels. Chainsaw: This wood working tool is a portable, motorized, mechanical saw. It is very useful in logging activities that include felling, bucking and limbing. Felling of trees becomes a easier job using this chainsaw. It is commonly used in removing branches and foliage that are causing obstruction. Chainsaws are often used to harvest firewood and to fell snags. So if you want to cut wood for building structures then you should use chainsaws. Drill: If you want to make holes in wooden pieces then you can take the help of a driller. Drillers are frequently used in metal working, wood working and construction sites. Types of drill include cordless drills, and rotary hammer drills. Jigsaw: It is a working tool that is extremely useful to cut arbitrary curves that include stenciled designs into a small piece of wood. Tool kit of most carpenters contains a jigsaw. If you require fine cutting then you must use a jigsaw. Nail gun: If you want to insert nails into wood then the best way to do it is by using a nail gun. The nails are driven by electromagnetism, highly flammable gases that include propane or butane, and by compressed air. Previously hammers were used to insert nails into wood. By using hammers you may injure your fingers. That is why instead of hammers many carpenters are using nail guns. It has become a popular tool amongst carpenters and builders Wood Router: It is used to hollow out (route out) an area from a large piece of wood. This working tool is now replaced by modern spindle tool. This is an electric hand router that performs the same job and is commonly used for moulding of timber. It is also used to cut grooves, for edge moulding and to cut some joints. Sander: It is a powerful working tool that is used to give a smooth finish to the wood. These sanders are often powered by electric motors. Rotary tool: This tool is extremely useful as it is a multipurpose power tool. It has many rotating accessory bits that can be effectively used to cut, carve, polish etc. Rotary tool has low torque; hence it is safe for freehand use. All these wood working equipment will help in giving an attractive look to your furniture. Wood Working Machinery In the earlier days, wood working was done with the tools that had to be manually operated. The capacity of these tools was low and it took a long time and effort for making a single piece of furniture. However today we have the option of using wood working machinery. This machinery has a motor, which works on electricity or oil. It not only saves time and effort but it also does a better job. Some of the common wood working machinery is table saw, planer, drilling machine and spindle molder. There is a lot of variety available for the size and capacity of these machines. They can be selected according to the job for which we want to use them. The table saws can be called as the most useful of the wood working machinery. There are two types of wood saws available. They are the ones with a fixed base and the second ones are those with a moving base. The ones, which are mounted on the table, have a fine grove to on one side of the blade. It is from here that, the crosscut angle will move. In addition, a fence, which guides the wood for cutting, is attached to the same side. This machine is useful for giving cuts in parallel to the sides of the wooden piece. On the other hand, the sliding table saw slides over the table on which it is mounted. Therefore, we can cut a wooden piece placed it. It is very popularly used for cutting flat panels of wood. Planer jointer is wood working machinery used for flattening and smoothening of the work piece. It has blades that rotate in the horizontal direction. It also has guiding fence, which will facilitate to give the work piece, a 90-degree cut. Thicknesser is used for cutting the wood to provide it a uniform thickness. This can be done by smoothening of the wood piece with its help. It is not useful for making the work piece flat. Stationary drill press as the name suggests is a drilling machine. It facilitates making holes quickly and without any effort. The stationary drilling machines facilitate to make holes that are more accurate. However, the non-stationary machines are more popular due to lightweight and their portability. Spindle molder is the machinery used for larger workload. It works in the same way as the router. However, it is heavy-duty machinery. The tools that it has are of high speed and high capacity. If it is combined with the feeding machine, it will be one of the most useful wood working machinery. Band saw is another type of wood working machinery. It is excellent for rip cuts. It is also ideal for having fast cuts. The round cuts, which are to be so precise, can be done with ease using this machine. A band saw generally has a fence which guides the wood so that it can be cut as desired. Moreover, it has a 'cross can cut bar' as well, which allows cross cuts as well. These are some of the wood working machinery available these days. Constant improvements are taking place and hence the capacities, as well as the features of these machines, are improving.
Wood Working Jigs Wood working is a job, for which one requires to work with precision and skill. Mistakes during wood working may spoil the whole piece. In wood working, there are some things, which should be done repeatedly. Wood working jigs are tools, which help to do so without many mistakes. They have been in use for a long time. Even today in the age where automated machinery is available for most of the tasks involved in woodworking, jigs are still very popular and useful for the small wood workers. Wood working jigs are nothing but simple pieces of wood. However, jigs made from metals are also used. Nonetheless, the wood jigs are very popular. There are several reasons for their popularity. They are very cheap. They do not damage, moreover, they can be made from the waste wooden pieces. The wooden jigs made from such pieces cost you nothing. There are a different types of jigs used for different tasks. For example, the dowel jig is helpful for cutting dowel holes. These holes are very common. Moreover, we have to dig a number of dowel holes during a single wood work piece. Without using wood working jigs, this job would have been very troublesome and time consuming. However, with a jig, we just have to place it on the wood and it will guide your cutting tool for creating the dowel holes. Similarly, one more commonly used type of jig is the dovetail jig. These jigs are particularly used for preparing drawers. They guide the woodworker to give a perfect shape to the different parts of drawers. The third type of wood working jigs are the router jig. They are used for supporting and guiding the wood when it moves through the saw. Therefore, it gets a very smooth and regular cut. Moreover, by making proper use of the router jig, the wood can be given very artistic and with a perfect cut. They are widely used for creating edges of the tabletops, drawer faces, etc. Another type of wood working jig is the Tenon Jig. It can be used for guiding the table saws. They can be angled in wide range of angles, i.e. 45 to 90 degrees. They are clamped on wood and their grove will guide the saw to provide a smooth and straight cut. There are a number of uses for wood working jigs. The first one is that they are the tools that enable a wood worker to do the same job in less time. Plus, they are used for guiding the cutting tools and so they enable the worker to make perfect and smooth cuts. They are very cheap. They can be very useful for non-skilled people who want to do some household woodworking. Wooden houses A house is the abode of the human kind. A house is a place where people unwind after a hard day of work, relax and are just themselves. In a house there is no stretch and deadlines to be met. Owning a house is every man's dream and a large part of one's income is invested in buying a house for the family and own self. A house is a life time investment. A house is built basically of bricks, stones, chips, cement and of wood .yes there also exists wooden houses. Like the regular brick and cement houses wooden houses are also built on a laid plan but are not as concrete as the former one. Wooden houses are generally found in the hills and in the cooler climates. Tropical or rainy climate is not suitable for the construction of wooden houses. In cold and dry weather countries wooden houses are more common than in tropical countries where wooden houses will be a mere waste of money. Wooden houses are built with planks of wood joined together. Their plan and layout is technically different from that of the brick houses. Their floorings and walls are also done up of wood .The cost of maintenance wooden houses is much higher than the maintenance of concrete houses. Wooden houses are generally built in the area which are prone to earth quakes and land slides. That is because wooden houses cause less damage to life and property if a natural calamity strikes than the concrete houses. Therefore one is more likely to find wooden houses in the earth quake belts of the world. In the cold countries we are more likely to find wooden houses. The climate of such countries is suitable for building wooden houses. The dry and cold climate does not weather wood much and thus the longitivity of the house is maintained. Wooden houses are also warmer compared to the brick houses. Thus in cold climates it keeps people warmer as wood does not easily become cold and heat is trapped in the house. Wooden houses are expensive and have become a possession of the rich and famous who build wooden castles for them selves. People buy expensive wooden houses and farm houses which become the symbol of their aristocracy. No matter what the houses are made of when they are filled with the laughter of people it becomes a heaven for the family. Spray Finishing Booths for Wood Working Are used to give a finishing touch to a completed wood working product. Spray booths are used to paint a wood working product. You should have good knowledge about these spray booths before using them for painting. These spray finishing booths have replaced the traditional methods of painting wooden products. Previously roller or a brush was used to paint a finished product. These methods were time consuming. Spray finishing booths has considerably reduced this time. Spray finishing also gives a beautiful look to the end product. Today spray finishing needs a skilled worker to complete this task. Wood working products such as cabinets, dining set, shelf, and sideboard can all be painted and finished in a spray booth. A wood working product that is painted using spray finishing looks much better than those that are painted by rollers and brushes. In most instances it helps stop any imperfections. You can effectively paint wood finished products that include toys, bedroom furniture, conference tables, pianos, dining room tables, office furniture Spray finishing booths are not costly and sould be seen as a investment. They give the right finish to your wood working products. If you want high quality finishes to your wood working products then it's a must. Some companies can provide services in painting wood working products using spray finishing. If requested these companies will provide spray finishing demonstrations, so you can check the quality before going ahead with larger projects. The spray finishing give smoother and more uniform finish. That is why these spray finishing booths have become increasingly popular. More and more companies have started taking advantage of this revolutionary technology. So are you ready to use this spray technology. Wood Working Shows Wood working is not just making furniture and other useful products from wood. It is also an art, which involves a lot of artistic skill. Which includes creativity and precision and wood working shows provide a stage to display this art. They are a great thing for the artistic wood workers and the visitors also. This is because the artists get to show their skills and their workmanship. Wood working shows more often are competitions. Different wood workers display their skills and one of them wins the prize. Unlike exhibitions, during the wood working shows, artists i.e. the wood workers have to make their work piece on the stage itself. Therefore, during the wood working shows, there are several criteria, which are considered during the evaluation of the artists. The primary criterion among them is that the piece that they make should be attractive and artistic. Therefore, the artist should be very careful while deciding what he will be making on the stage. Apart from the form and look of the piece that he will be making on the stage, it is important that it should be completed within a short period. The wood working shows usually have a time limit for each contestant. During the wood working shows, generally there is no limitation on the options for the tools, which can be used. However, these tools are to be simple and portable so that that they can be carried on up to the stage. The wood working shows are conducted by clubs, organizations, institutions, etc. Anybody can participate in them. The participants may be home wood workers or commercial. However, generally one has to file an application in order to participate in the wood working shows. For this, each person needs to show the hosts that they have good wood working skills. The wood working shows are useful to the wood workers in a number of ways. First, is that they get an opportunity to display their skills. Every artist usually wants to show off their skills. This is true even for the wood workers. The wood working shows are the ideal venue where they can do so. Then second, the wood working shows is where a commercial artist gets an opportunity to advertise their most artisic pieces. Whatever dispalyed at the shows will leave an impression on the minds of the visitors. Alternatively, the wood working shows are also held for adults or children not formaly trained. In such cases, their aim is just recreation. Many people practice wood working as a hobby. Wood working shows are a stimulation and encouragement for such people. Apart from such wood working competitions, the shows are also held just for the entertainment and recreation of the vistor. For example, there are many wood working shows, which are broadcasted from the television stations. The beautiful display of skills, make them a treat to watch. Wood Working Classes Want to develop or improve wood working skills. Then you must join a wood working class. If you are interested in wood working but don't have any knowledge about wood working tools then a wood working class is a must. These wood working classes provide valuable information about using and maintaining various types of wooden working tool. While handling any wood working tool you should take proper care. Carelessness may either spoil your furniture or cause you damage. Using tools improperly, ignoring safety practices or operating power tools under influence of alcohol may lead to a very serious injury. These classes inform you about the safety precautions that should be taken while using wood working tools. If you want to make a carrier in wood working industry then the first step would be to join these wood working classes. Expert instructions are given at these wood working classes. If you think wood working is a passion then a wood working class is the best to hone your skills. These classes teach you from making a small thing like a candle box to big things like dining sets. Learning wood working products at home without taking the help of wood working classes is a difficult task. Information about various wood working classes is available on the internet. There are wood working classes for kids as well as for adults. Wood working classes are equipped with various power tools and a number of wood working books. A very important feature of wood working classes is that they are affordable. Fees are reasonable. You don't have to spend a fortune to learn wood working. Students who join these classes are given projects that help them to acquire the fundamental skills of wood working. These projects will give you confidence in operating some hand tools in a correct way. After successfully completing these projects you are qualified to attend more advanced classes. Here you work on projects such as making furniture. You also learn how to effectively use wood working tools such as routers and scroll saw and other power tools. You will enjoy wood working in these classes. Indeed wood working without these trained teachers is a dangerous craft. These experts provide proper guidance and assistance in wood working. You must take advantage of their expertise. You should not attempt any technique in woodworking without properly understanding it. You should clear all your doubts in the wood working classes by asking questions. Schools For Wood Working Even though furniture made from different materials is being used, Wood work pieces are still the most popular type of furniture in the world. Apart from just wood is also used for several other purposes as making decorative articles, for boxes containers, houses, etc. Therefore wood working professionals are in great demand. It is good career option. Today there are several wood working schools have been established which provide education in the art of wood working. People without any certifications in wood working can also get a job. However, the employers will prefer the ones who have done some formal education. A program from wood working schools will generally include the subjects as mathematics, materials used for wood working, tools and equipments used for wood working, common standard patterns and plans for making the structures as furniture, doors, windows, floors, etc. also the practices as polishing, finishing, coloring are the jobs of the wood workers. These are among the basic skills required for wood working. However, wood is being used in some complex structures as well. For example making houses, roofs, and for some other engineering applications as well. For these types of wood working, specialization courses are provided by some wood working schools. During these courses the skills, reading and understanding the structural plans, blue prints, etc and the basics of structural engineering. Apart from the skills and the specializations taught during the course, the employers themselves may give additional training to the person whom their hire. This is important even on the completion of the course because, the requirements and the specifications will vary from employer to employer. Ideally, the duration of the course will be around 2 to 4 years. This is the ideal time required for learning and developing the skills required for wood working. These courses are similar to the other graduation courses. The students after successful completion of these courses will get the degree of graduation in wood working. While choosing from the wood working schools, any should consider whether the school is recognized. The certificates of only such schools are considered valid by the employers. Moreover learning wood working is not that simple. It may take some time. Therefore, the quality of education that they will provide is important too. As mentioned earlier the students who has done a course at a wood working school will have an upper hand over others in finding jobs. In some of the top wood working schools, employers themselves may hold campus recruitment programs. Moreover, the skills and techniques that these schools will teach will be beneficial in seeking a career in wood working. Wood Working Online Traning Wood working includes making furniture, decorative wooden articles, etc. Moreover, wood working also involves making structures as houses, bridges, etc. Thus, wood working is not simple job. It requires a lot of creativity, imagination and precision. Moreover, it also involves the activities as cutting, processing wood. There are tools available for this but even with the use of these tools, it is not an easy job. Therefore, a wood working training can be very helpful. There are several options for getting this. Wood working training online is one of the most convenient options available. Wood working training online is a type of training in which person can learn different techniques in wood working through the internet. There are a number of institutes who provide such training. These institutes, which provide wood working training online, have their own website through which the training is conducted. A person willing to join such training program can sign up with them through the same website. During such sign up, he will have to make an account for himself. He has to choose an identity name and a password. These are required to log on to the wood working training online course. During this process they will get all the information about the basic ideas of wood working. A person will get to learn different techniques, which are used for wood working. Moreover, a person will also learn some standard patterns, designs, and styles of wood work pieces. The training about the use of the different tools and machines, which are used for wood working, also is an important part of wood working training online. Moreover, some specialization course for the wood working training is available. Some examples of such types of courses are the course for making decorative articles, courses for non commercial wood workers, and courses for commercial wood workers. There are many options for wood working training online. Therefore, you can choose according to your convenience. These courses provide different offerings to the users. Therefore you should first see what the website i.e. institute would offer to you up on joining their wood working training online program. Moreover, the second most important thing that type should consider is the charges they would place on you. There are some websites, which provide free online training. However, most of the times in such cases the contents of the course are poor. The paid online training courses provide a lot of knowledge and training for wood working. Even though, they will charge for whatever they provide be assured as they will be even more useful. Wood working training online will not provide you any certificate upon the completion of the course. Moreover, it does not even provide practical training. However, the theoretical knowledge that is obtained is very useful. Such knowledge and tips will make wood working a much simpler job. Such training can be useful for both commercial as well as non commercial wood workers. Moreover, all this you can obtain even from the comfort of your own home. A Job in The Wood Working Industry Will fetch you good money. Arrays of jobs are available in wood working industry. Getting a job in the industry is not a difficult task, as you will be able to find plenty of job opportunities. If you are a skilled worker then a job in the wood working industry is guaranteed. Even by acquiring necessary skills you can ensure a job in the wood working industry. In fact if you have the perquisite skills, excellent career growth are waiting for you in this industry. If you have a good experience in furniture making then you can immediately get a job in the wood working industry. In today's times cabinets are in great demand. Today beautiful and elegant cabinets are sold within no time. Hence, carpenters who have prior experience in making cabinets will be hired within no time in wood working industry. Carpenters who are highly skilled in making fireplace mantels, wall units, railing, stair cases, counter tops, doors, and windows are also in great demand in this industry. At present the wood working industry is flourishing and is facing acute shortage of skilled workers. You can also take help researching the internet to find the desired job in wood working industry. Some web sites list companies that have been making wood products for years and who are in urgent need of workers. Engineers or draftsmen who have good knowledge of Autocad and experience in millwork and cabinetry industry will definitely get excellent pay and incentives are guaranteed for such professionals. Candidates who have experience in handling architectural millwork projects can work as a project manager. Such candidates are given excellent pay and benefits such as paid health insurance. People who have a track record of negotiating and pricing quality projects can work as estimators in this industry. If you have prior experience in managing and handling a team of estimators and project managers can apply for the post of an operational manager. The post of an operational manager is considered to be a very high position in the wood working industry. Operations managers use modern technology to create quality products. Such people should be highly energetic as lot of responsibility rests on their shoulders. Carpenters who have good knowledge of using modern tools such as band saw blades are always in demand. Craftsman who can build ornate furniture with the help of hand tools and are able to use power tools efficiently can easily find a job in the wood working industry. Running A Wood Working Business If you want to increase your income and love wood work, then you should maybe about starting a home based business. A person who has good wood working skills can easily start his or her business from home, start small and build a portfolio of your best work. If you want to make a career in wood working then it is indeed an excellent idea. There are many examples of people who have become rich with the help of wood working business. If you are really serious then it is just a matter of time to become successful in this business. Wood working business can be regarded as a good source of income. If you love to work with wood then there should not be any problem in starting a wood working business. Many have doubled their income by doing wood working part time. Handcrafted wood is in great demand. If the handcrafted wood has a beautiful design and is of good quality then you can simply ask the price you want from the customer. If you are good at wooden toys then it is indeed a golden opportunity to start a wood working business at home. Children simply love to play with wooden toys. Most wooden products are marketable today. If you are a skilled worker in making furniture such as cabinets, chair then you should not think twice to start a wood working business. Cabinets and chairs are used every day and also in great demand. Hence there is no way that you will remain idle if you start a wood working business. In fact the orders of making cabinets and furniture will be so much that you will have to hire skilled workers At present the wood working business is booming. Hence there is no reason that you will be in loss if you start a wood working business. If you have the skill and talent then you can easily make money in wood working business. If you want to start a wood working business then you should know the requirements for opening this business. More importantly you should be clear about the type of wooden products that are going produce. From the type of wooden products you will definitive idea about the tools and supplies that you will need to start the business. You can also advertise your business through newspapers to attract potential customers. You can also create your own website where the clients can directly get a glimpse of your products. A website is indeed a nice way to showcase all your wooden products You should also the name of suppliers in your city that can provide various woods as well as wood handling tools. At any cost sub standard material should not be used in making wooden products. Quality is important especially in wooden products that would be used daily. A substandard product will definitely spoil your reputation which will have an adverse effect on your wood working business. Wood Working Guilds A wood working guild is a club or an organization of craftsmen in the wood working industry. Wood working guilds are groups who have high wood working skills. If you want information about the wood working guilds in your city you can always take the help of internet. There are web sites that will give up to date information of the guilds and their members. The main purpose for wood working guilds is to share tools and expertise and to work together for betterment of the wood working industry. Here are some well known wood working guilds: Cabinetmakers Association: Cabinet shop owners formed this association. The main goal was to discuss the problems faced by cabinet shop owners. They also got a chance to interact with managers and owners of small cabinet shops. Central Florida Woodworkers Guild: This association cultivates appreciation and awareness of wood working crafts. It promotes and encourages high standards of design and workmanship of wood working crafts. You can take the help of their wood workers for counseling. Colorado Woodworkers Guild: This association is a group of professional and amateur wood workers who imparted their knowledge for the welfare of the society. Their goal is also to promote and encourage excellence in woodworking. Columbus Woodworkers Guild: Each month this association conducts a general meeting. The association ensures that the meeting is informative, enjoyable and educational for all members. Conejo Valley Woodworkers' Association: This association is in Ventura County in California. Their main goal is to teach, promote and share their wood working experience with others. Fine Woodworkers of Austin: This non profit club is located in texas area that provides information and education to those who are interested in learning fine wood working skills. Greenville Wood workers Guild: This association strives hard to elevate the public's knowledge in the art of woodworking. Through collective effort it generates various Charitable causes. Guild of New Hampshire Woodworkers: This is a non profitable group of serious amateur workers that education, communication and fellowship. This association makes exquisite wood carvings and elegant furniture Guild of Oregon Woodworkers: This association gives knowledge about their wood working skills through lectures, demonstrations and seminars. Lake Charles Woodworkers Club: The main purpose behind starting this organization was to give information about the safety measures while handling wood working tools. Their members include professionals and amateurs from all fields of wood working industry. Minnesota Wood workers Guild: This association which is group of amateur and skilled woodworkers has 3 main goals: to educate general public about wood working, to make new friends and spread the importance of wood working advocate and the last is to promote high standards in woodworking. Northwest Indiana Woodworkers Association: The main goal is to improve their woodworking skills and share innovative ideas. Scroll saw Association of the world: This internationally acclaimed non profit organization is dedicated to the development of scrollsawing. Their purpose is give information about scrollsawing skills. The organization strives hard to provide useful knowledge in woodworking. If you have any query regarding woodworking products then you can always take the help of these wood working guilds. Wood Working Books If you are interested in buying wood working books then you can simply log on to websites that can give a list of wood working books. Through these websites you can do online shopping, check reviews, plus home delivery makes it so convenient. These wood working books tell you how to decorate the house using wood working. If you have any queries regarding wood working then you can refer back to the book. Even for the pros, books have become a standard reference. In these books you will get professional advice on a variety of wood working topics. Written by professionals who have years of experience in the wood working industry. So if you are a wood worker but you don't have sufficient knowledge about finishing a product then you can refer to finishing books. Carpenters working on any wooden furniture generally find difficults at some point. And that's the time you can take help from a joinery book. Wooden working books will tell you the techniques and tips that are used to create a durable and a beautiful wooden product. Your furniture will be durable if the joints are sturdy. These books will explain you how to create sturdy and long lasting joints. Books can pass along the secrets and skills that are required to make perfect furniture. They also provide you the latest information on machinery that deal in processing wood. Cutting tools should be used properly. An extra cut may damage and weaken the furniture. These books tell you the techniques of using any specialized tools. Fine wood working books give professional advice about creating consistently identical furniture using templates. If crafters want to hone their skills in various projects then they must take the help of these wood working books. You project may range from making special bowls and boxes to toys and hat stands. Whatever your project, books can really help for the best results. Books will teach you to use wood carving tools efficiently and correctly. And tell you how to easily make fundamental wood carving cuts such as stabbing, running, sweeping and sliding using wood working tools. If you want to develop the skills of molding and shaping a wooden product then you should read a turning books. They can provide exercises that enhance your existing skills. Wood Working Catalogs Contain the necessary wood working tools to use for making beautiful wooden furniture. You can always take the help of internet as wood working catalogs are available online. You can simply order any wooden product from your home itself. There is absolutely no need to go in that shop to buy that product. Online catalog provides all the necessary information to buy a wooden product or tools. All you have to do is place an order and wait for it to arrive. Online wood working catalog provides a very convenient way to buy and sell wooden products. The wood working catalog can be either a wood working tool catalog or a wood products catalog. This product specification provided in the wood working catalogs are very useful to asses a particular wooden product. A wood working catalog is nothing but a short description of wooden products and tools. The description includes its features and its price. The description of wooden products and wood working tools is such that it compels the customer to buy that product even though it may be a bit costly. Catalogs not only contain the description but also an image of each individual product. Wood working catalogs without images would not be much effective in attracting customers. So the next time you go to a shop to buy a wooden product do not forget to ask the owner for a catalog. Wood Working Projects For Kids Wood working can be great fun for children. Not only that, it can also stimulate and encourage their creativity. Many people would think that it is a difficult job and the children will not be able to do it. However, it all depends upon what is being made. Kids can do simple wood working projects, which are of their capacity. On the other hand, older children can make complex things. Thus, wood working projects for kids is a hobby that kids of all different age groups. Ideally, parents too need to have, some involvement in the kids wood working project. The right time for wood working projects are the summer holidays, during winter, or any other spare time during the year. Parents can help kids in deciding which project to undertake. Kids normally will wish to make something big. This may be well out of their capacity. However, the project that is selected should be attractive enough to the kids and even then; it should be simple and practical for them, so they actually finish it. Some of the common and popular wood working projects for kids are small furniture toys. Such as tables, chairs, beds, doll houses, tic-tac-toe, etc, are the most ideal. They involve some creativity and the kids will like them. Pen, crayon holders too are simple to make. They are useful for the kids as they can use them for storing their own pens and crayons, etc. Similarly they can also make frames for photos or stands for different small articles, etc. Above are only a few simple wood working projects for kids. However, older children can get involved in more complex, wood working projects, as well. The wood working projects do not involve the use of the wood working machines. The wood working tools should be enough. Moreover cutting and other processing activities that may need strength and so the kids will not be able to them. Therefore, parents should guide and help the kids during such activities. As wood working projects for kids are very common, there are many books available, which contain some simple wood working projects just for children. Just like the books for other types of crafts, these books also contain a number of small projects. They are specially designed for kids and therefore they can be done quite comfortably. The wood working projects for kids are the things that give kids a sense of pride, making something by their own hands. These things can be kept in their rooms or any part of the house as decorative pieces.
InfoBank Intro | Main Page | Usenet Forums | Search The RockSite/The Web | <urn:uuid:949073cf-805c-4d4b-a98c-73871674599c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.superseventies.com/infobank/wood_working.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00192-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969632 | 12,552 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Women Masters in the Chuang-tzu (庄子, Zhuangzi)
The Woman Crookback & the Way of the Sage
The complete Burton Watson translation of the CHUANG-TZU (庄子), pronounced ZHUANG-ZI, is online at several sites. One section in Chapter 6 (The Great and Venerable Teacher), regarding "The Woman Crookback and the Way of the Sage" presents
an old story (possibly a true story), with the depth of a parable, and is cited here.
The CHUANG TZU is the Taoist treatise in which the famous story is told, where the master wakes and asks, "Am I a man dreaming I am a butterfly, or a butterfly dreaming I am a man?" The Chuang Tzu was compiled in the Tan Dynasty
(202 B.C.E.-220 A.D), and is considered a most
important Taoist classic, second only to the Tao Te Ching. Many of the
stories in this collection focus on the adventures of "Master
Chuang," or "Chuang Tzu," however a number of other
Taoists teachers are mentioned, and one of them is mysteriously
named "the Woman Crookback." The Tao itself is sometimes personified as a wise old woman Mother Nature, the origin of the universe and Mother Earth are of course very old.
Chinese Tang Dynasty (618-906 C.E.) female figurine: "Dancer from the West," MMA, NYC
THE WOMAN CROOKBACK
& THE WAY OF THE SAGE
arranged from translation by Burton Watson:
Columbia University Press, 1964
The Way has its reality and its signs
but is without action or form.
You can hand it down but you cannot receive it,
you can ignore it but you cannot see it.
It is its own source, its own root.
Before heaven and earth existed it was there,
from the ancient times.
It gave spirituality to the spirits and to God,
it gave birth to heaven and to earth.
It exists beyond the highest point,
and yet you cannot call it lofty;
it exists beneath the limit of the six directions,
and yet you cannot call it deep.
It was born before heaven and earth,
and yet you cannot say
it has been there for long,
it is earlier than the earliest time,
and yet you cannot call it old.
Hsi-wei got it
and held up heaven and earth.
Fu-hsi got it
and entered into the mother of breath.
The Big Dipper got it
and from ancient times has never wavered.
The Sun and Moon got it
and from ancient times have never rested.
K'an-p'i got it
and entered K'un-lun.
P'ing-i got it
and wandered in the great river.
Chien Wu got it
and lived in the great mountain.
The Yellow Emperor got it
and ascended to the cloudy heavens.
Chuan Hsu got it
and dwelt in the Dark Palace.
Yu-ch'iang got it
and stood at the limit of the north.
The Queen Mother of the West* got it
and took her seat on Shao-kuang --
nobody knows her beginning,
nobody knows her end.
P'eng-tsu got it
and lived from the age of Shun
to the Five Dictators.
Fu Yueh got it
and became minister to Wu-ting,
who extended his rule over the whole world;
then Fu Yueh climbed up to the Eastern Governor,
straddled the Winnowing Basket and the Tail,
and took his place among the ranks of stars.
Nan-po zu K'uei said to the Woman Crookback,
"You are old in years and yet your complexion
is that of a child. Why is this?"
"I have heard of the Way!"
"Can the Way be learned?"
asked Nan-po Tzu K'uei.
"Goodness, how could that be?
Anyway, you aren't the man to do it.
Now there's Pu-liang Yi --
he has the talent of the Way
but not the Way of a sage,
whereas I have the Way
but not the talent of a sage.
I thought that I would try to teach him
and see if I could really get anywhere near
to making him a sage.
It's easier to explain
the Way of a sage
who has the talent of a sage, you know.
"So I began explaining
and kept at him for three days, and after that
he was able to put the world outside himself.
When he had put the world outside himself,
I kept at him for seven days more,
and after that
he was able
to put things outside himself.
When he had put things outside himself,
I kept at him for nine days more,
and after that he was able
to put life outside himself.
"After he had put life outside himself,
he was able to achieve the brightness of dawn,
he could see his own aloneness,
he could do away with past and present,
he was able to enter
where there is no life and death.
"That which kills life does not die,
that which gives life to life does not live.
This is the kind of thing it is:
there's nothing it doesn't send off,
nothing it doesn't complete.
Its name is Peace-in-Strife.
After the strife, it attains completion."
Nan-po Tzu Kuei asked,
"Where did you happen to hear this?"
"I heard it from the son of Aided-by-Ink,
and Aided-by Ink heard it
from the grandson of Repeated-Recitation,
and the grandson of Repeated-Recitation
and Seeing-Brightly heard it
and Whispered-Agreement heard it
and Waiting-for-Use heard it
and Exclaimed-Wonder heard it
and Dark-Obscurity heard it
and Participation-in-Mystery heard it
*"Queen Mother of the West -- nobody knows her beginning,
nobody knows her end," is the Taoist goddess of Eternal
Life and protector of Taoist women practitioners. The first literary
reference to her (after the Shang oracle bones) is found here
in the Chuang Tzu. Later during the early Middle Ages she became
a prominent Taoist deity.
In regard to her role as protector of Taoist women Suzanne
E. Cahill ("Transcendence & Divine Passion") says:
"As embodiment of ultimate yin, highest goddess, and
ruler of female transcendents, the Queen Mother has a special
relationhship with all women...She cares for women Taoists everywhere
in the universe, both perfected and aspirants..."
In the year 711, Jade Verity (a T'ang princess), along with
her sister Golden Transcendent, took her vows as a Taoist nun.
Li Po's poem carries Jade Verity to the constellation called
the "Celestial Drum," and the Minor Apartment Peak
where there is a special shrine to the Queen Mother:
Song of the Transcendent Person Jade Verity
The transcendent person Jade Verity
Oftentimes goes to the peaks of grand Mount Hua.
At pure dawn she sounds the Celestial Drum;
A whirlwind arising, she soars upward on paired dragons.
She plays with lightning, without resting her hands,
Traverses the clouds, without leaving a trace.
Whenever she enters the Minor Apartment Peak,
The Queen Mother will certainly be there to meet her.
Suzanne E. Cahill, Transcendence & Divine Passion:
The Queen Mother of the West in Medieval China; Stanford,
CA: Stanford Universtiy Press, 1993
|Feminine Tao Te Ching |
Zen-Taoist Tea Ceremony|
Sun Bu-er Zen Taoist Poetry | Emily Dickinson's Nature Mysticism
earlywomenmasters.net, a nonprofit, educational | <urn:uuid:670252a2-7bc1-4e78-a9de-7f97d973ebda> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.earlywomenmasters.net/tao/chuang_tzu.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00344-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935355 | 1,758 | 2.1875 | 2 |
In 1912 the 25-year-old architect Charles-Edouard Jeanneret causes a sensation in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland: the house he is building for his parents differs radically from the other buildings in the city! The young man, who later came to be known as Le Corbusier, now felt free for the first time in his life to express with his own ideas: fiber-cemented roof, white facade…
In May 2000, an association attends to the Maison blanche, which had been run down by then, in order to restore it.
Swiss photographer Eveline Perroud from La Chaux-de-Fonds accompanied the project and forged strong ties to this place, as her photographs clearly show. The richly illustrated book includes a text by the architect Martin Veith and a conversation, held in Paris with Lucien Hervé, who was the photographer of Le Corbusier.
After her apprenticeship in Zurich, photographer Eveline Perroud (*1955 in St. Gallen) started her own studio in La Chaux-de-Fonds, where she lives. Beyond arcitecture and portraits, she photographs mainly clocks and jewellery and works for several well-known magazines. | <urn:uuid:3c59b9d6-0be6-41e6-bb1a-0afd2eeb8ed9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.librairiedumoniteur.com/opus-1-le-corbusier-perroud-eveline,fr,4,9783721206470.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720153.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00323-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958662 | 259 | 1.921875 | 2 |
In the open thread, I made a comment that Lech Walesa was now on the BBC’s sh!t list for having spoken positively of and essentially endorsing Mitt Romney. Since Romney is the enemy of the President, I just knew the BBC wasn’t going to look favorably upon the hero of Solidarity and Polish freedom from Soviet oppression.
No prizes for guessing if I was right.
Why, what do you know: it’s a negative perspective.
The Republican candidate is due to lay a wreath on Tuesday, to mark the Nazi invasion of Poland in September 1939.
But trade union movement Solidarity has distanced itself from the visit.
Mr Romney has just travelled from Israel where comments he made about the Palestinian economy angered a senior Palestinian official.
Yep, there’s even more space spent on the Israel visit, spun negatively, so even less room (On the internet? There are no space limitations. -ed) to mention that Walesa might have kinda sorta endorsed Romney. In fact, as of this writing, only half the news brief was given over to Poland. Wasn’t there enough slamming of Romney in your other reports, BBC? (If News Sniffer or The Wayback Machine show that the story “evolved” later and they make the piece at even slightly more about the actual Poland visit, I’ll post an update.)
The only part of Walesa’s remarks the BBC will allow through the censors is this bit, which is at least positive:
“He’s very open, and brimming with values, his wife is always by his side, he’s got five kids — we’re very much alike, I really like him and am pleased we met,” Mr Walesa told reporters.
Curiously, the BBC chose that over this bit:
“I wish you to be successful, because this success is needed to the United States, of course, but to Europe and the rest of the world, too,” Walesa told Romney at the end of their meeting Monday. “Gov. Romney, get your success — be successful!”
I wonder what editorial thought process went into that choice? In the interests of balance, of course, this is immediately followed by harsh words from the BBC’s trade union friends in Poland:
But the trade union movement, which originated in Gdansk and toppled Poland’s communist regime in the late 1980s, said it had nothing to do with Mr Romney’s trip to the city.
“Regretfully, we were informed by our friends from the American headquarters of AFL-CIO (trade union in the US), which represents more than 12 million employees… that Mitt Romney supported attacks on trade unions and employees’ rights,” Solidarity said in a statement.
I guess this is the best the AFL-CIO can do these days since they pulled funding from the President’s campaign in order to focus on themselves. Anyways, Walesa is then dismissed.
Mr Walesa and Solidarity have not seen eye to eye for some years.
In other words, Walesa’s words are now to be taken with a large grain of salt, right, BBC? Negative, negative, negative. To judge by BBC reporting, in the last few days Romney has angered the entire planet and appeased only a few wealthy Jews. Can’t wait for the stop in Warsaw to see how awful things are next. | <urn:uuid:dd776364-d0f9-4d02-a77c-fbe14021c187> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://biasedbbc.org/blog/2012/07/31/mitt-romney-and-lech-walesa-fail/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00468-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966312 | 735 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Study hints at biological mechanism for alternative therapy.
Is acupuncture more than mere placebo?
Long derided by much of the mainstream medical community, acupuncture seems to have just got a little bit less alternative.
Despite anecdotal evidence claiming benefits in treating ailments from allergies to pain, acupuncture faces two big challenges to acceptance in mainstream medicine. Many reviews of clinical trials have concluded that there is no evidence of efficacy for most conditions beyond the placebo effect1, and there is no scientifically accepted mechanism for how the treatment works.
Research in mice has now provided a biochemical explanation that some experts are finding more persuasive2, although it might account for only some of the treatment's supposed benefits. "Our study shows there is a clear biological mechanism behind acupuncture," says Maiken Nedergaard, a neuroscientist at the University of Rochester in New York, who led the research.
Nedergaard's team wanted to find out whether the neuromodulator adenosine, which is produced when tissue is injured and has pain-dulling effects, was involved in the purported pain-relieving effects of acupuncture. After inducing pain in the right hind paws of their mice, the researchers inserted and rotated an acupuncture needle just below the 'knee', at a place known in humans as the 'Zusanli point'. For about an hour after the treatment the mice took longer to respond to touch or heat on the paw, indicating that their pain had been dulled. The team found that adenosine levels had increased at the acupuncture site, and that mice lacking a key cell receptor for adenosine did not show the same response.
"One thing that's really nice about this is they approach this question with a specific and firm hypothesis," says Vitaly Napadow, a neuroscientist who studies acupuncture at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. Although sceptical that the mechanism could explain, for example, how acupuncture could relieve headaches, he says that "in conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, a mechanism such as that described in this paper might very well be important".
Dominik Irnich, head of the Multidisciplinary Pain Centre at the University of Munich in Germany, and a doctor who uses acupuncture, notes that other studies have proposed mechanisms such as the release of endorphins or other neurotransmitters3,4. But Nedergaard says that these would act on the whole nervous system — her study found no effect when acupuncture was applied to the rodents' pain-free left legs, suggesting that there is not a central mechanism.
Edzard Ernst, who studies the effectiveness of alternative therapies at the Peninsula Medical School in Exeter, UK, says that the mechanism is credible, but that the work does not address whether acupuncture is an effective treatment. "If the clinical effect is not beyond placebo, which most of the well-controlled clinical trials seem to suggest, the mechanism is irrelevant and the true mechanism is placebo," he says.
Jana Sawynok, a pharmacologist who studies the pain-modulating effects of adenosine at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada, notes that caffeine blocks the adenosine receptor pinpointed in this study. Given the caffeine intake of many countries where acupuncture trials are carried out, this could be a serious confounding issue in trials, she suggests.
Nedergaard says her work may open the way to making acupuncture more effective. Her study also treated the mice with a drug called deoxycoformycin, which suppresses the breakdown of adenosine and is approved in the United States for treating some types of leukaemia. The drug prolonged the pain-relieving effects of the acupuncture treatment by more than an hour; Nedergaard is now trying to organize a trial of this strategy in humans. | <urn:uuid:95909cb5-0740-4a8f-9516-0140f5852fce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://comciencias.blogspot.com/2010/06/acupuntura-em-camundongos.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00565-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957179 | 765 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Advance to Florence
Field Marshal Albert Kesselring, commanding Army Group C (in essence, all German ground forces in Italy) noted after the war that the Allied advance from Rome had been very slow, and that tank divisions pushed out on roads west of the Tiber immediately after the fall of Rome would have put his forces in "irreparable jeopardy." As it was, the 19 divisions that had fought at Rome were in a state of disorganization, having suffered over 38,000 dead, wounded and missing by 2 June. Some divisions, including 94th and 362nd Infantry Divisions, were down to as little as 10% of their established strength. The 1st Parachute, 44th Infantry and 90th Panzergrenadier Divisions mustered 15% while 26th Panzer and 29th Panzergrenadier Divisions were at 20% of establishment. None were over 50% and on 10 June no divisions of the 14th and 76th Panzer corps were capable of fielding more than 2,500 men. The once-vaunted Hermann Göring Parachute Panzer Division numbered just 811 while the 1st Parachute Division had 902 soldiers of all ranks. Major deficiencies in guns and tanks accompanied the casualty toll.2
On 1 July 1944 The Hermann Göring Division submitted a report on its personnel, including vehicle status. It was authorized 31 assault guns and held 0, authorized 102 PzKpfw IV and V medium tanks, and had 12 operational. Of 341 authorized armoured cars and half-tracked APCs, it could operate 118, and of 28 authorized self-propelled anti-tank guns, none were operational. Personnel strength was reported as 977 on 9 June and "a ruthless combing of the rear-echelon units and headquarters and the merging of various units" permitted an increase to 3,124 men again on 19 June.3
Kesselring moved to shore up the 14th Army in the west, vulnerable in open country west of the Tiber and in better terrain than the 10th Army, in the rugged Appennine mountains. He replaced the 14th Army's commander and sent three fresh divisions (the 356th Infantry, the 162nd (Turcoman) Division and the 20th Luftwaffe Field Division from Denmark. Three motorized divisions were also sent to the western flank west of the Tiber (29th Panzergrenadier, 90th Panzergrenadier and 26th Panzer) in exchange for the 76th Panzer Corps which went to the 10th Army. Three divisions in turn were sent to man fortifications in the Pisa-Rimini Line while they recuperated. Originally known as the "Apennine Position", the line became the "Gothic Line" in April 1944. On 16 June 1944 the Germans renamed it the Green Line.4
The Gothic Line was upgraded beginning in early 1944 with Panzerturm (emplaced tank turrets) and other fortifications covering key approaches. After neglecting to fortify mountain approaches on the Gustav and Hitler Lines, these too were fortified on the Gustav Line. A four mile belt of barbed wire, land mines and demolitions lay in front of the Gothic Line.6
German leaders were pessimistic about being able to halt the Allied advance south of the Gothic Line. General Walter Warlimont, Deputy Chief of the Wehrmacht Operations Staff, reported to his superior, General Alfred Jodl, on 8 June that if Allied forces couldn't be halted, a withdrawal to the Gothic Line would occur in about 21 days. Kesselring ordered a comprehensive instruction the next day for a fighting withdrawal to the Gothic positions. Hitler reviewed the order with suspicion, fearing it meant Army Group C intended to withdraw without fighting south of the Pisa-Rimini line. Further communication between Kesselring and the High Command on 10 June reinforced Hitler's doubts, as Kesselring spoke of defending Italy as far south of the Apennines as possible on the one hand, while declaring imperative the preservation of the army before reaching the Gothic Line. Hitler ordered the resumption of defensive operations rather than delaying/withdrawal operations.
By 14 June, ten days after the fall of Rome, the Allies had advanced 70 miles north. Kesselring issued his order that Army Group C would stand firm on the Albert-Frieda Line (known to the Allies as the Trasimene Line). They would build up the Gothic Line to resist an Allied breakout into the Po River plain. Kesselring took Hitler's orders to heart, reprimanding his new commander of the 14th Army for withdrawing 20 kilometres in a single day on 15 June. The Trasimene Line, extending from Grosseto to Porto Civitanova, was to be held, and Kesselring ordered "that upon reaching this line the delaying tactics will come to an end and the enemy advance and break-through must be stopped."8
Major fighting occurred again at positions known as the Dora Line, but the 13th Corps broke through on 14 June to take Orvieto while the 10th Corps approached Temi. Alexander was able to report that day to his superior, General Maitland Wilson, the Allied Supreme Commander in the Mediterranean, that Allied armies were almost halfway from Rome to Florence and Leghorn, averaging advances of seven miles a day, and promised to increase the tempo further. Grosseto and the island of Elba fell on 17 and 19 June respectively, the former to U.S. troops and the latter to a combined-arms assault from Corsica by French troops with British naval and American air support. The 13th British Corps reached Lake Trasimene (Lago Trasimeno in Italian) on 19 June and on 20 June the 10th Corps entered Perugia. While the 2nd Polish Corps was delayed by bad weather and extensive German demolitions, they were able to advance halfway between Pescara and Ancona. By 20 June the main Allied attack had reach the Albert-Frieda Line.
Where the Allied forces in Italy were losing was in the strategic discussions. Both Wilson, as Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean, and Alexander, the Commander-in-Chief, Allied Armies in Italy, argued with the Combined Chiefs of Staff to keep the Italian campaign the main priority for operations in the Mediterranean. There had been agreement in February 1944, and in April, Operation ANVIL, a planned invasion of southern France, had been cancelled so as not to conflict with the major offensive in Italy. However, in May Alexander was warned by Wilson that amphibious operations would recommence no later than mid-September, either closely tied to operations in Italy, or outside the theatre altogether, requiring the release of four French and three American divisions. Alexander replied that after cracking the Gothic Line his choices would be to halt in order to free up resources for use elsewhere, or to use all the forces he had to carry on into the Po Valley and strike further into either France or Austria.
On 14 June the Combined Chiefs of Staff notified Wilson to withdraw the 6th U.S. Corps and the divisions earmarked for the U.S. 7th Army. Wilson urged strongly that an alternative proposed by the Chiefs be adopted - an advance across the Po Valley into Austria with an amphibious landing at Trieste. The American Chief of Staff, General Marshall, and the Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force in western France, General Eisenhower, both felt Marseilles in southern France a superior target, through which 40 or 50 additional American divisions might pass into France. Operation DRAGOON was thus set for 15 August 1944, to take priority over the Italian campaign with an initial build-up of 10 divisions on French soil. Alexander was still tasked with destroying German forces in Italy, with the immediate objective of advancing over the Apennines to the line of the Po and if the situation allowed to cross the river to a line Padua-Verona-Brescia. The Combined Chiefs were hopeful that DRAGOON and offensive action in Italy would precipitate a withdrawal from north-west Italy and render further offensive operations unnecessary. Alexander thought any major penetration into the Po valley unlikely before winter, and on 12 July ordered the bombing of the 23 extant rail and road bridges spanning the river. In 72 hours, they were destroyed. Allied airpower prevented the Germans from rebuilding them; on 30 August the German 10th Army's chief engineer reported that all the bridges were still destroyed.11
Canadian Armour at the Trasimene Line, 21-28 June
The main Canadian forces in Italy had been sent to rest and refit following the Liri Valley battles on 6 June 1944. The exception was the independent 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade, whose three armoured regiments supported British formations in the fighting between Rome and Florence.13 The 12th Canadian Armoured Regiment (The Three Rivers Regiment) was operating in support of the lead brigade of the 8th Indian Division from 4 June, and for five days they advanced through the Simbruini mountains. The tanks had little to do in this phase, and were often far behind the infantry due to the skillful German demolitions and mines on the narrow mountain roads.
There was much more to do at the Trasimene Line. Arriving on scene in the third week of June, delayed by bad weather and enemy demolitions, the 13th Corps knew from captured documents that the Germans intended to hold south of the Gothic Line and fight a delaying action. The 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade was called out of corps reserve along with the British 4th Division and went into action left of the 78th Division, where the line extended west from Lake Trasimene. Shermans of the Ontario Regiment knocked out five tanks in four days of fighting, including three PzKpfw V "Panthers" and received a personal congratulations from the 8th Army commander.14
The Three Rivers Regiment likewise went into action with the 4th Division, who had little experience in operating with tanks. The remnants of the German 1st Parachute Division fought tenaciously in ground suited to the defence and by 1 July, the regiment had lost more men and tanks (94 all ranks and 26 vehicles) than it had during the Gustav Line and Hitler Line battles of May 1944.15 The Regment fought a particularly noteworthy action on 28 June at Casamaggiore when "C" Squadron boldly seized high ground in the toughest part of the German line and repelled counter-attacks by Panthers and infantry for seven hours.16
The 8th Army revised its plan for the drive on Arezzo and Florence and the 14th Canadian Armoured Regiment (The Calgary Regiment) entered the battle in support of the 12th Brigade, as British battalions attempted to fight into the strongest part of the German defensive line north of Perugia. The attack was notable for the poor coordination with the Three Rivers Regiment which prevented the attack from being pressed or properly supported by artillery.17
At the strategic level, the Allies seemed to be breaking through all along the front. The 4th U.S. Corps was steadily advancing up the coast on the extreme western end of the Allied line in the 5th Army sector. The Corps Expeditionnaire Francais (French Expeditonary Corps) to their right had held a 29-mile front on the Orcia River between 22 and 26 June and thereafter broke through tough resistance by the 4th Fallschirmjäger and 356th Infantry Divisions. With no reserves to spare, Kesselring was forced to order a general withdrawal on the evening of 26 June. On 28-29 June, German units broke contact on the front of the 13th Corps and pulled back three to four miles.
The Advance to the Arezzo Line, 29 June - 16 July
The next fall back position for the Germans was the Arezzo Line, blocking the final approach to Florence. The Calgary Regiment took up the pursuit, and German rear-guards, opposed river crossings, demolitions and mined roads all slowed the pace of the advance. All progress stopped on 6 and 7 July as the Calgaries drew up to the line of German defences and supported two British battalions in assaults on hills overlooking San Pancrazio. Challenging terrain, sniper and mortar fire all exhausted the infantry, who suffered heavily. A week of stalemate was broken by a renewed attack by 6th South African Armoured Division an 2nd New Zealand Division on 15 and 16 July. The new attacks, as well as progress by the 5th Army to the west, convinced the Germans to pull out of the Arezzo Line and back to Florence.19
The Pursuit to the Arno, 16 July - 5 August
Kesselring's delaying action on the Arezzo had bought ten extra days for completing the Gothic Line defences. However, in Florence the 8th Army would also gain a valuable administrative base from which to launch its attack. There would be three more weeks of fighting to secure the city. The 13th Corps began their advance with three divisions; the British 6th Armoured attacked northwest down the valley of the Arno, the 6th South African Armoured Division advanced north on the left flank of the corps, and the 4th Division used Highway 69 as its main axis, keeping contact with both armoured divisions. The 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade supported the brigades of the 4th Division but saw no serious combat as they advanced. The enemy pulled back from the heights at San Pancrazio-Civitella on the left of the divisional front, and on the right, only mines and blown bridges on the Arezzo-Florence highway, and some scattered shells and mortar bombs, deterred the advance. On 17 July the Three Rivers were welcomed warmly by Pergrine, and the infantry they supported in the 10th Brigade cleared La Querce by evening. The Calgary Regiment's recce troop entered Capannole unopposed on 16 July and infantry of the 28th Brigade followed up the next day. On the 18th Montevarchi was cleared of snipers by the Three Rivers and infantry of the 10th Brigade.
German resistance increased. The Panzer Grenadier Regiment Hermann Göring 2, the last component of the division to fight in Italy (the remainder had transferred to the Eastern Front at the end of July), took up positions west of Montevarchi. Tasked with delaying the Allied advance as preparation of the Gothic Line continued, the series of positions overlooking Highway 69 was known as the Irmgard Line, and alternatively as the Fritz Line. The Ontario Regiment supported an attack by the 2nd Battalion, The Somerset Light Infantry on 18 July, attacking from the direction of Ricasoli. On 19 July, the 10th Brigade attacked from the Montevarchi with the Three Rivers in support, and two Canadian tanks were knocked out. The Germans were convinced to pull out of Ricasoli by heavy fire from self-propelled guns accompanying both attacking British brigades. Early on 20 July the Three Rivers Regiment put "A" Squadon into Ricasoli while the East Surreys moved up left of Highway 69.22
To the north of Ricasoli, a party of the Hermann Görings were cut off and surprised on a ridge. An officer among the 38 captured Germans reportedly couldn't believe that Sherman tanks were able to maneuver to their position, a testament to the work of the Canadian engineers. The first contact between German and Canadian forces in the Italian campaign had come between Three Rivers tanks and the Hermann Göring Division on Sicily in July 1943 at Grammichele. This encounter with the Three Rivers was to be the last time the Hermann Görings met Canadians in battle. Also at an end was the association between the 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade and the 4th British Division. Together, the two formations had advanced 35 miles from Trasimene to the Arno. The Canadians suffered 26 killed and 102 wounded. On 20 July their relief by the 25th British Tank Brigade began, as the 13th Corps began to regroup.
The French Expeditionary Corps departed for the invasion of southern France and the 13th Corps extended its front. The advance of the corps in the Arno Valley had stopped, particularly on the front of the 6th Armoured Division, east of Highway 69 where two and a half German divisions barred the way. The left flank, a ten mile frontage between Highway 2 and the Chianti Hills, was held by just two German divisions and so the corps attack shifted there. The 8th Indian Division transferred from 10th Corps, tasked to follow up the main attack by the 6th South African Armoured and 2nd New Zealand Divisions. on 22 July, the 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade came under control of the 8th Indian Division, renewing a relationship that had been forged on the Adriatic and strengthened during fighting for the Gustav Line.
The Calgary Regiment went into action first, supporting the 21st Brigade on 23 July, and for four days as they attacked with the 19th Brigade down Highway 2 and a secondary road near Empoli. The 29th Panzergrenadier Division offered only light opposition, mines, demolitions and scattered long-range shelling, and they embarked on a general withdrawal. "A" and "B" Squadron of the Calgary Regiment continued on in support of the 19th Brigade through the towns of Certaldo and Castelfiorentino while "C" Squadron supported a unit of 21st Brigade to Tavarnelle on Highway 2. It was a leisurely advance, the division ordered not to apply strong pressure on the Germans. Resistance stiffened as the tank and infantry forces approached the Olga positions on 26 July, a 10-mile line through Montespertoli 13 miles north of Poggibonsi, held by the German 4th Parachute Division. The paratroopers were supported by self-propelled guns, medium artillery and Tiger tanks. "C" Squadron of the Calgary Regiment, in support of the 21st Brigade, lost two tanks and six casualties as they bumped into the positions. On the night of 26-27 July the Three Rivers relieved them, and the next day found the Germans had again broken contact, not planning to fight a major engagement in their Olga positions. They retreated in haste, with little time for mining or demolitions, and the Canadian tanks and Indian infantry made half a dozen miles on good roads, reaching Montelupo where the Pesa and Arno Rivers met. The advance was so rapid, they outpaced their artillery and required air support by Spitfires to do counter-battery work on German guns that shelled them. Patrols found rearguards of the 3rd Panzergrenadier Division holding Empoli and Montelupo.
The final holding positions south of Florence were the Paula Line, following the line of the River Pesa from the Arno at Montelupo for a distance of seven miles, then across Highway 2 and east towards the 10th Army boundary, four miles west of Highway 69. It was here that the 13th Corps advance came to a halt on 29 July, as five German divisions (west to east, they were 3rd Panzergrenader, 29th Panzergrenadier, 4th Parachute, 356th Infantry, and 715th Infantry) held the main front between the Elsa and the Middle Arno.
The Three Rivers Regiment and the Calgary Regiment continued firing in support of the infantry, though they remained south of the Arno to defend against possible German counter-attacks. They had reached the furthest limit of their advance on Florence. After a few days they concentrated with 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade headquarters 12 miles south of the city. The Ontario Regiment had briefly joined the pair on 3 August, supporting the 17th Indian Brigade, then less than two days later they moved off again, and came under command of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division, returning to the battle area after a stretch in reserve in the upper Volturno Valley with the rest of I Canadian Corps.25
The 1st Canadian Division spent a brief period at Florence (see below) and when they left on 8 August the Ontario Regiment came under command of the 8th Indian Division. The Calgary Regiment stayed in reserve for two weeks, the Three Rivers until October. The Ontarios stayed south of the Arno for seven days, shelling enemy-held roads north-west of Florence and supporting infantry as they dealt with enemy patrols on the near side of the river. the Germans withdrew their rearmost elements from the northern suburbs and the 8th Indian and 1st British Divisions crossed the river to begin providing assistance to the civilians in Florence. On 14 August the divisions exchanged sectors, moving British troops into the city and the Indians ("more appropriately") into the mountains to the east, leaving the Ontario Regiment's tanks in support of the 1st Division. A troop of "A" Squadron became the first tanks into the city on 17 August, the remainder of the squadron following the next day. They were forbidden from firing their 75-mm main armament in the central part of the city but the tanks were used for reconnaissance, assisting British troops and Partisans in mopping up German machine guns and snipers, and as a counter-attack force in the event of a German attack.27
1st Canadian Division at Florence
On 18 July 1944 the 8th Army directed 1st Canadian Corps to begin concentrating in secret near Perugia, in anticipation that they would continue offensive operations by the Army and break through the Gothic Line. The Canadian Corps' role in the attack was to take over the eastern flank of the 10th Corps in the Central Appenines, permitting the 10th and 13th Corps to concentrate for the main assault. In the meantime, the 1st Canadian Division was to reinforce the 13th Corps at Florence. Following a Royal Visit on 31 July 1944, the 1st Division began moving from the Volturno Valley, followed by the remainder of the Corps. Elaborate deception schemes and rigorous security was enforced to hide the move. Unit flashes (as well as the distinctive ribbon of the Canadian Volunteer Service Medal) were stripped from uniforms and identification symbols were removed from vehicles while enemy intelligence was provided false information in hopes of convincing them they Corps was concentrating behind the 2nd Polish Corps.
The 2nd Canadian Brigade entered a front that had become static, taking over the sector of the 2nd New Zealand Division on the evening of 5 August 1944. The 1st Brigade moved into the sector of the 6th South Africa Armoured Division on their right the next night. The moves permitted the 8th Indian Division to move back into corps reserve, and left the Canadians facing the Arno river on a 10-mile wide front. The 1st Brigade's sector included that portion of Florence lying south of the river. Three battalions of the German 4th Parachute Division still held onto the 90% of the city lying on the opposite bank. All bridges over the Arno had been blown by German engineers, save the 14th-Century Ponte Vecchio, which instead had been blocked by the destruction of a series of buildings on the approaches.
The Division only remained in place until 8 August, when they were relieved by the 8th Indian Division. They moved once again under tight security to the south, rejoining 1st Canadian Corps on 10 August near Peruglia-Foligno.31
In the last half of August, the Germans gave no evidence they would give up their positions on the heights overlooking Florence. To the east, on the front held by the British 1st Division and 8th Indian Division, they began to withdraw on 20 August, pulling back 5 miles to more easily defended positions on the far bank of the Arno River. The 13th Corps pursued, to maintain contact and prepare for a broad crossing of the river as part of an upcoming offensive by the U.S. 5th Army, under whose operational command they came on 18 August.
The Calgary Regiment went into action on 25 August supporting the Indian Division in a crossing of the Arno, wading the river on 25 August and then shooting Gurkha troops onto Mount Cerrone on 29 August. The Gurkhas drove 200 Germans off in hand-to-hand combat, with heavy fire and a counter-attack preventing them from exploiting their success. By the 31st, however, 8th Army actions on the Adriatic coast convinced the Germans that further delaying actions on the Arno were fruitless, and their last rearguards on the Arno were withdrawn.
The following Canadian units were awarded the Battle Honour "Advance to Florence" for participation in these actions:
1st Canadian Armoured Brigade | <urn:uuid:c9212cde-bbaf-43ab-8b14-6483562f8319> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.canadiansoldiers.com/history/battlehonours/italiancampaign/florence.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.978805 | 5,121 | 3 | 3 |
Sarawak on Indonesian poultry-smuggling alert
Malysian state Sarawak on the island of Borneo is on
alert to prevent the smuggling of live poultry and pet birds from across the
border with Indonesia, because of bird flu fears.
Government officials said the state enforcement agencies had foiled several
such smuggling cases involving both the locals and Indonesians. In Indonesia, 79
people have died of bird flu
The State Veterinary Authority enforcement officers seized five kampung
pigs and pork which were illegally brought into Sarawak. However, the Indonesian
The veterinary authority carries out regular surveillances at border
villages, wet markets, bird sanctuaries, poultry farms and ports of entry.
During these surveillances it has collected 4,750 samples from these places
during the first five months of this year. Tests on the samples for avian
influenza were all negative.
Veterinary officers regularly remind border farmers of the risks of
bringing in live poultry and pet or game birds from Kalimantan, Indonesia, and
were told to report any such cases.
Indonesia, which had detected 99 human cases of bird flu (the world's
highest), is vaccinating its live poultry against the bird flu.
To comment, login here
Or register to be able to comment. | <urn:uuid:458e1d78-2e60-4a3a-bb10-08ab61d90670> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.poultryworld.net/Home/General/2007/6/Sarawak-on-Indonesian-poultry-smuggling-alert-WP001483W/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00177-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936097 | 279 | 2.0625 | 2 |
In front of the door this morning we are unusually warm again, in the upper 60s to 70s. Our struggle of the last few days continues between high pressure, some parts of low pressure and some fronts. This has given our area a diverse cloud cover and now and then isolated showers and isolated thunderstorms.
During the day and into the evening there is a good chance of sporadic to spotty rain and thunderstorms. Some of the thunderstorms will be heavy and violent at times. Some potentially severe, our northern counties are exposed to a level 3 storm risk.
Another very good chance is our weather forecast for this Saturday, perhaps in the early hours of our Saturday morning. We will see the potential for some strong to severe thunderstorms at times. All types of severe weather are possible due to the abovementioned culprits.
We will see the coldest air of the season yet and move into our area by the end of the weekend. Temperatures will easily drop into the 20s to hit night lows. The daily highs will be in the 1940s on Monday.
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Safe and Unsafe Places in Severe Weather – Open this link | <urn:uuid:14a03d5a-044f-4002-a62b-45e1a9a63908> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gosic.org/wednesday-morning-has-a-few-showers-and-storms-as-we-see-severe-weather-potential-later-today-top-stories/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.933949 | 320 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Lumber and Building Material Dealer Industry
The lumber and building material dealer industry provides goods and services to home building and professional contractors. General safety and health issues exist in the industry including recordkeeping, ergonomic stress, warehousing, powered industrial truck safety and machine guarding.
The lumber and building material dealer industry is not addressed in specific standards.
How do I find out about employer responsibilities and workers' rights?
Workers have a right to a safe workplace. The law requires employers to provide their employees with safe and healthful workplaces. The OSHA law also prohibits employers from retaliating against employees for exercising their rights under the law (including the right to raise a health and safety concern or report an injury). For more information see www.whistleblowers.gov or Workers' rights under the OSH Act.
OSHA can help answer questions or concerns from employers and workers. To reach your regional or area OSHA office, go to the OSHA Offices by State webpage or call 1-800-321-OSHA (6742).
Small businesses may contact OSHA's free On-site Consultation services funded by OSHA to help determine whether there are hazards at their worksites. To contact free consultation services, go to OSHA's On-site Consultation webpage or call 1-800-321-OSHA (6742) and press number 4.
Workers may file a complaint to have OSHA inspect their workplace if they believe that their employer is not following OSHA standards or that there are serious hazards. Workers can file a complaint with OSHA by calling 1-800-321-OSHA (6742), online via eComplaint Form, or by printing the complaint form and mailing or faxing it to the local OSHA area office. Complaints that are signed by a worker are more likely to result in an inspection.
If you think your job is unsafe or if you have questions, contact OSHA at 1-800-321-OSHA (6742). Your contact will be kept confidential. We can help. For other valuable worker protection information, such as Workers' Rights, Employer Responsibilities, and other services OSHA offers, visit OSHA's Workers' page.
- Grocery Warehousing - Ergonomics. OSHA eTool. Identifies hazards and solutions that apply to the lumber and building material dealer industry, although it was developed for the grocery warehousing industry.
- Lockout-Tagout Interactive Training Program. OSHA eTool. Includes a tutorial explaining the Lockout/Tagout standard in a question and answer format, a list of Hot Topics discussing major issues related to the standard, and seven interactive case studies.
- Machine Guarding. OSHA eTool. Focuses on recognizing and controlling common amputation hazards associated with the operation and use of certain types of machines. | <urn:uuid:ec3b740e-b5ce-461d-8f62-6cbc10043fea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/nlbmda/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922706 | 585 | 1.71875 | 2 |
There are various types of bariatric surgeries that serve to reduce the body’s capacity to hold food, so the patient is not compelled to eat enough food, and therefore lose weight. The Lap Band procedure does this by constricting the entrance to the stomach so that patients must eat slower, making them eat less before the feeling of being full sets in. The sleeve gastrectomy, on the other hand, works by removing about 80 percent of the stomach, creating a much smaller stomach that gets full with less food. When weighing the Lap Band vs. gastric sleeve procedures, it’s also important to consider the fact that the sleeve gastrectomy procedure also has hormonal benefits that help curb a patient’s overall desire for food.
Part of the reason that we get hunger cravings is because of a hormone called ghrelin that is released by the stomach when it is empty. When 80% of the stomach is removed, it also takes out a lot of the places that release ghrelin. That means that people who have the gastric sleeve procedure have less of the hunger causing hormone. Because of this initial benefit, many patients whose Lap Bands are not helping them lose as much weight as they would have hoped opt for band to sleeve revision surgery.
Dr. Michael Feiz is unmatched both in his ability to perform this revision procedure, and in the post-operative support that his office provides patients to ensure that they are on the right track to weight loss success. If you need a sleeve gastrectomy after Lap Band surgery left you disappointed, there is no better place to go for treatment than Dr. Feiz and Associates. | <urn:uuid:79eeb766-245d-4a68-bb96-e5c254d79a03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://drfeiz.com/get-the-hormonal-edge-with-a-gastric-sleeve.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.971517 | 335 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Fast food workers across the U.S. strike for a livable minimum wage, and for the right to unionize. Industry threatens robots, disaster, and utter economic collapse if it’s forced to pay food workers enough to buy food.
Whether or not you would ever in a million years patronize fast food restaurants, this conflict highlights the need to examine and revise laws allowing unlimited exploitation of workers by food industry giants. As such it’s long past due, and worth close watching.
‘We Can’t Survive on $7.25!’
Starting yesterday, thousands of workers in over a hundred U.S. cities walked out of low-wage jobs to protest unlivable wages. Fast food workers comprise a large segment of protesters, joined by low-wage workers from retail or other domains. Protesters want a minimum wage that’s also a livable wage for full time workers, which in today’s economy means about $15 per hour. They also want the right to organize for the purpose of collective bargaining, without employer retaliation.
The New York times called Thursday’s strikes ‘the biggest wave of job actions in the history of America’s fast-food industry.’
From The Guardian:
The nationwide walkouts come as momentum appears to be gathering for action on increasing the federal minimum wage. On Wednesday, President Barack Obama gave a landmark speech on income equality, which he said was “the defining challenge of our time”, while in November thousands of Walmart workers walked off the job in the latest of a series of protests against low pay and poor conditions.
According to Fast Food Forward, the fast food industry grosses (pun intended!) about $200 billion annually; average annual income for a full-time NYC fast food worker is about $11,000 — roughly one quarter of what’s needed to provide basic food, shelter, and clothing to that worker for one year.
As ridiculous as that sounds, it’s not uncommon in the current fast food landscape. Read Fast Food Poverty Wages- The Public Cost of Low Wage Jobs in the Fast Food Industry for a sobering look at the social impact of an unreasonably low minimum wage. Here’s the broad-stroke summary, via Fast Food Forward:
- Fast-food jobs pay so little that 52 percent of the families of front-line fast food workers need to rely on public assistance programs, costing taxpayers nearly $7 billion a year.
- Compared to the overall economy, fast-food jobs are twice as likely as other jobs to pay so little that workers are forced to rely on public assistance (52% versus 25%).
- Full-time jobs in the corporate fast-food industry do not pay enough for workers to get by. Even at 40 hours a week, more than half of front-line fast-food workers are forced to rely on public assistance to cover basic needs like food, rent and healthcare.
- In New York, the public cost of low-wage fast-food jobs is $708 million— the second highest in the country– with 60 percent of fast-food workers forced to rely on public assistance to cover basic needs. The states in which low-paying fast-food jobs cost taxpayers the most include California at $717 million; New York at $708 million; Texas at $556 million; Illinois at $368 million; and Florida at $348 million.
- 67% of core front-line fast-food workers are adults 20 and older, and 68% are the main earners in their families. More than one-quarter are raising children.
Read the full report here.
‘Fair Wages Mean DOOOOOOM!!!!!’ — Fast Food Industry
Predictably, industry profiteers are outraged that their workers want to be treated as human beings rather than simply cogs in the megamillion-dollar corporate machine.
For a quick bite of satire published today in The New Yorker, check out Fast-Food Industry Rejects Workers’ Demand to Be Considered Human. Like all good satire, it’s philosophically if not factually accurate.
The fast food industry argues that increasing the minimum wage will do all kinds of heinous things, like make them SLASH JOBS!!! And USE ROBOTS INSTEAD!!! And RAISE PRICES!!! And all kinds of hyperbolic disaster shall then, according to industry reps, befall our beleaguered economy.
From a CNBC article titled Debating the effects of a $15 fast food wage:
‘With the industry estimating that one-third of its costs go to labor, [Arindrajit Dube, an economics professor] said a $15 wage would mean wage increases averaging around 60 percent, raising the cost of a $3 hamburger to $3.50 or $3.60.’
Just imagine the horror.
Reality check: if fast food companies slash jobs, it will be because they choose to do so rather than compromise teeny percentages of their profit margins. It’s a multibillion-dollar industry; they’ll turn pretty profits regardless of fair worker wages. If they choose to cut jobs they’ll take money from their customers and see a resultant sales decline, since fast food customers are disproportionately represented among poor and working-class communities.
If they move towards robotics, that will require heavy investment — the technology just isn’t there yet — and it will also require NEW and HIGHER PAYING jobs to maintain those hypothetical worker-replacing robots.
If industry is forced to raise prices to pay fair wages, there’s a chance people will eat less fast food; given the problems it’s causing, that wouldn’t be such a horrible development! But it might not even mean that: workers who earn a living wage have more money to spend on things like fast food.
Food Worker Rights are Human Rights
Throughout history, we’ve seen industry raise hyperbolic heck every time workers press for a living wage. Each time the minimum wage rises, those dire predictions fail to wreak the promised economic havoc.
However you eat — whether or not you support fast food purveyors — it matters in a huge way whether our society does or doesn’t tolerate corporate exploitation of food industry workers. History teaches the observant student that megabillionaire corporations will never ever ever act in socially responsible ways without extreme public pressure. As conscious eaters, let’s provide it!
If you stand with fast food workers, and other low-wage workers who deserve a living wage, set a google news alert for ‘fast food protest’ — there will likely be more actions forthcoming for you to join.
If you still eat fast food, stop: tell management of your former-drive-thru-habit you’ll stay away until workers at that establishment earn a livable wage.
Since (as always!) knowledge is power, read all you can about this issue — and share what you find on all your social networks. It matters, good people!
‘Let the workers organize. Let the toilers assemble. Let their crystallized voice proclaim their injustices and demand their privileges. Let all thoughtful citizens sustain them, for the future of Labor is the future of America.’ — John L. Lewis
Image credit: Creative Commons photo by The All-Nite Images. | <urn:uuid:74311372-3774-4d57-b8b9-17ab63d84f86> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eatdrinkbetter.com/articles/fast-food-workers-strike-living-wage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.932722 | 1,555 | 2.328125 | 2 |
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Resistance is a major concern when giving antibiotics. Resistance occurs when bacteria survive and mutate and are then able to survive even after antibiotics are given. To help avoid any resistance, it is important to give antibiotics as they are prescribed for as long as they are prescribed even if your pet is looking and feeling better.
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Q:Is it possible to be notified when the Terramycin ointment will be back in stock? Thanks so much, Kelly Sexton | <urn:uuid:833a177a-26ee-4f50-acd6-576f690e3026> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.vetrxdirect.com/product/view/terramycin-eye-ointment-ca-rx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00197-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92732 | 135 | 1.773438 | 2 |
(CN) — Representatives with Texas’ electric grid operator on Tuesday declined to offer a specific timeline on when power could be restored to the millions of people across the state who have been left in the dark for more than a day after a brutal winter storm.
“Certainly, over the next couple days, I think we see really good signs of progress,” Bill Magness, CEO of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, told reporters during an afternoon briefing.
ERCOT, a nonprofit that oversees most of the state’s grid, has come under fire by frustrated Texans and lawmakers for its handling of a crisis that has proven worse than the rolling blackouts the state experienced a decade ago.
“The amount of time that people have had to be out of service for electricity during a time of extreme cold is terrible,” Magness said. “It is unacceptable.”
ERCOT says it has restored power to at least 500,000 households in Texas, but even as power plants rush to get back online, some other sources of power are falling off for the first time from the storm.
“It appears that a lot of the generation that’s gone offline today…has been primarily due to issues on the natural gas system,” said Dan Woodfin, ERCOT’s lead systems operations director.
Those issues include things like frozen wellheads and pipeline systems, he said.
On Monday, as a historic storm gripped the state and temperatures plummeted into the single digits in many areas, power sources ranging from wind turbines to natural gas plants froze and shut down just as Texans were cranking up their heaters.
That prompted grid managers to purposefully launch what were supposed to be “rolling” blackouts aimed at balancing the grid’s supply and demand, as too much of imbalance could essentially overwhelm the grid and lead to much longer blackouts.
Still, many across the state have remained without power from purposeful outages that were supposed to last less than an hour.
In response, Texas Governor Greg Abbott has called for an investigation and declared reforming ERCOT an “emergency item” for lawmakers this session.
“The Electric Reliability Council of Texas has been anything but reliable over the past 48 hours,” the governor said in a statement. “Far too many Texans are without power and heat for their homes as our state faces freezing temperatures and severe winter weather.”
“I have constituents that have gone without power for over 30 hours,” said Eddie Morales, a Democratic state lawmaker whose district stretches across a huge swath of the rural West Texas borderlands region. “This is totally unacceptable and we will need to address this in the near future in the Capitol.”
Texas House Speaker Dade Phelan said Tuesday he had asked the chamber’s State Affairs and Energy Resources Committees to hold a joint hearing Feb. 25 to “review the factors that led to megawatts of energy being dropped off the ERCOT system” when families needed it most and discuss how to prevent it from happening again.
Still, grid managers have defended their handling of the crisis, stressing that the move to require power line companies to shut off power to a portion of the population was meant to avoid a much more widespread and catastrophic blackout that could have lasted months.
“What we’re protecting against is worse,” Magness said.
The power line companies, which carried out ERCOT’s directive and decided where exactly the controlled outages would occur, have also not been able to say when exactly power would be fully restored.
About 40,000 megawatts of electricity generation remains offline across the state because of problems from the storm, Woodfin said Tuesday.
While some have blamed the crisis on freezing wind turbines, a larger share of the problem has stemmed from fossil fuel sources that also went down.
Woodfin said about 16,000 megawatts of wind and solar power remained shuttered Tuesday, while around 30,000 megawatts of power from natural gas, coal and nuclear plants were still down.
Parts of North Texas are meanwhile bracing for yet another round of winter weather, with forecasters calling for anywhere from 1 to 6 inches in the region around Dallas through Thursday morning.
Power line companies, citing the ongoing directives from ERCOT to keep some parts of the grid offline, have warned customers that the prolonged outrages could continue for an extended period of time.
CenterPoint Energy told those without power in Houston on Tuesday to “be prepared to be without power for the duration of the generation shortage event which could last several more days.” Transmission companies in West, South and North Texas have echoed that warning.
ERCOT officials acknowledged Tuesday that the grid was unprepared for the intensity of the winter storm.
After the 2011 blackouts, grid managers worked with power companies on upgrades to winter storm protections, best practices and other processes that were supposed to prevent such a thing from ever happening again.
“All of those were kind of geared around that 2011 level of detail, the severity of that storm,” Woodfin said. “This one’s kind of beyond what we saw in 2011.”
Magness, the ERCOT CEO, said he welcomed calls for investigations into the group’s handling of the situation.
“There will and should be a significant review of this event,” he said. “We’re happy to participate in that and cooperate and hopefully be very involved in it in whatever way we’re asked to.” | <urn:uuid:d79a7ba0-c98d-4dd2-8f6a-dfa30726812a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.courthousenews.com/no-clear-timeline-from-texas-grid-operators-on-fixing-outages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.969874 | 1,162 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Algorithms and Software for Simulation Based Optimization
Most of real world applications can be formulated in mathematical terms. Many of the applications have a specific structure which can be exploited in most of the cases and allow for an efficient numerical simulation. These structural characteristics should be taken care of in the context of mathematical optimization, where one wants to minimize/maximize a certain objective functional based upon the simulation. In particular, instead of considering general-purpose NLP solvers we pursue the idea to develop optimization algorithms for some classes of problems that exploit the underlying structure but are still as general as possible.
A focus in this talk will be an ongoing project concerning geothermal simulation and one-shot optimization. Here, the underlying simulation is based on underground flows in porous media that can be controlled by the positioning of the inlets and outlets for the fluid. Therefore, a two-phase flow is solved using a splitting method that solves the pressure equation and the saturation equation in an alternating fashion. The resulting numerical simulation code can be regarded as a slowly converging fixed point iteration for the physical quantities such as pressure and saturation. Hence, we consider a one-shot optimization strategy for achieving the point-wise maximal temperature at one outlet that is computed by solving the heat equation for stationary phase saturations and fluid velocities. | <urn:uuid:329b8b2c-bd5e-4cae-b02d-7588d8661f01> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.anl.gov/events/algorithms-and-software-simulation-based-optimization | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00508-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92388 | 263 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Which are the 10 best and most popular search engines in the World? Besides Google and Bing there are other search engines that many not be so well known but still serve millions of search queries per day.
It may be a shocking surprise for many people but Google is not the only search engine available today on the Internet! In fact, there are a number of search engines that try to take Google’s throne but none of them is ready (yet) to even pose a threat.
Nevertheless, there are search engines that are worth considering and the top 10 are presented below after the break.
List of Top 10 Most Popular Search Engines In the World (Updated 2016)
No need for further introductions. The search engine giant holds the first place in search with a stunning difference of 43% from second in place Bing.
According to the latest comscore report (February 2016) 64.0% of searches were powered by Google and 21.4% by Bing.
Google is also dominating the mobile/tablet search engine market share with 89%!
Want to learn how to take advantage of Google’s search engine share? Read: How long does it take to rank in Google
Bing is Microsoft’s attempt to challenge Google in the area of search but despite their efforts they still did not manage to convince users that their search engine can produce better results than Google.
Since October 2011 Yahoo search is powered by Bing. Yahoo is still the most popular email provider and according to reports holds the third place in search.
Formerly known as Ask Jeeves, Ask.com receives approximately 3% of the search share. ASK is based on a question/answer format where most questions are answered by other users or are in the form of polls.
It also has the general search functionality but the results returned lack quality compared to Google or even Bing and Yahoo.
According to netmarketshare the old time famous AOL is still in the top 10 search engines with a market share that is close to 0.6%. The AOL network includes many popular web sites like engadget.com, techchrunch.com and the huffingtonpost.com.
Baidu was founded in 2000 and it is the most popular search engine in China. It’s market share is increasing steadily and according to Wikipedia, Baidu is serving billion of search queries per month. It is currently ranked at position 4, in the Alexa Rankings.
Wolframalpha is different that all the other search engines. They market it as a Computational Knowledge Engine which can give you facts and data for a number of topics. It can do all sorts of calculations, for example if you enter “mortgage 2000” as input it will calculate your loan amount, interest paid etc. based on a number of assumptions.
Has a number of advantages over the other search engines. It has a clean interface, it does not track users, it is not fully loaded with ads and has a number of very nice features (only one page of results, you can search directly other web sites etc).
I am sure that some of the features of duckduckgo will be used by other search engines and with some proper funding duckduckgo can get a decent search engine market share.
archive.org is the internet archive search engine. You can use it to find out how a web site looked since 1996. It is very useful tool if you want to trace the history of a domain and examine how it has changed over the years.
According to alexa chacha.com is the 8th most popular search engine with a ranking position of 297 in the US. It is similar to ask.com where users can ask or answer a particular question. They also have a number of quizzes that can help you decide on a number of topics.
It’s not bad at all and the answers are precise and to the point. For example if you search “What is the best search engine?” you will get an answer that Google is the best and most popular search engine and Yahoo is on the second place.
These are the 10 best and most popular search engines on the Internet today.
The list is by no means complete and for sure many more will be created in the future but as far as the first places are concerned, Google and Bing will hold the lead positions for years to come. | <urn:uuid:b7ac6c7b-ba8b-48e8-b227-5b980cc38ca4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.reliablesoft.net/top-10-search-engines-in-the-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00001-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955412 | 904 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Broward county is now contemplating getting rid of the Arts and P.E. in elementary school in order to save money. I can appreciate budget cuts and realize tough decisions need to be made. However, research studies after research studies have proven that a program rich in the arts and physical fitness actually enhances academic achievement. Students NEED time EACH DAY to move around to bring energy to the brain and need the arts to process the information learned through their own creativity.
Music, theater and the visual arts make brain connections necessary for reading comprehension and math skills. The arts and physical education also create community by having the students work together to achieve a common goal. The arts and P.E. are an important component in every student’s well rounded education.
As an educator, I do believe in accountability and assessment. However, the money spent on the FCAT has not enriched the lives nor the academic experience of the students. Teaching to learn should be the goal, not teaching to the test. There are many, many good teachers in Broward who are creative and understand the needs of the students, but whose hands are tied because of the need to teach testing skills from August – March. It is time to let them actually teach with the support of the arts and physical education. Then we will have a system to be proud of! | <urn:uuid:ec64fdce-731e-46c9-83f3-cf49e9fabcc1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://reseteducation.wordpress.com/2010/03/10/lack-of-funding-for-the-arts-and-p-e-how-about-getting-rid-of-the-fcat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00135-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965978 | 269 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Sometimes “community” can seem like a big word, but building it starts with the smallest of actions.
“If you talk about community within the neighbourhood. We may not have a strong one. Because yet we cant blame anyone, because that is what life is like in the city. Time is all committed to work. Even when we enter the lift, we stand next to each other be we are just staring at our phones. Sometimes, all it takes is to just look up and smile – the day already starts better. But it takes two to build relationships. We have to let others know that they can count on us if they ever need help. Knowing that others think of you and look out for you will really give you that sense of belonging. It’s the first step to building a community.”
“I’ve been living here here for about 2 years. For a long time, I had no idea who my neighbours were. It was just like going to a hotel – just checking in and checking out every day. But after you meet face to face, things feel different. It’s as if we already know each other so much more. It finally started to feel like I had neighbours and that I was’t alone after all.”
“Most people nowadays like privacy. We live in high-rise buildings just a door away from each other but we prefer to just be left alone. I think we forget that at the end of the day, the thing that builds the neighbourhood is the people.”
In this increasingly fast-paced society it is easy to forget that we are surrounded by people, who like us, appreciate simple friendly gestures, being treated with kindness that will better our daily lives. Building relationships goes a long way, and for the residents of Boulevard Residence, it is a necessary step for the creation of a sense of belonging among themselves. With a small effort from each of the residents, they came together to begin a community, to make their homes a better place to live in, and ultimately, to care for the people who are in the closest physical proximity to them in their everyday lives.
We are not alike in every way. We don’t even agree with each other all the time. She likes to sing karaoke and watch movies. I don’t like any of those. So when we meet, we go makan. What matters is that we can sit down and have a conversation together. It’s not easy for Chinese, Malays, Indians to be close to each other. When we went to Korea together, I thought eating will be an issue. So I told Allison to eat whatever she felt like, and not to worry about me. But she said, why don’t we eat at places that we can both enjoy? At that moment, I realised how much Allison needed to compromise to keep our friendship. Be it restaurants or travel, she has always made sure that I feel comfortable. Allison really is a true friend. | <urn:uuid:38025e7b-ae3e-4d14-84ba-871391f2d6be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.the-best-of-you.com/personality/amy-and-allison | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.976165 | 637 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Prepare for the sand. You may think you have a good foundation of fitness already, but sand changes everything.
Because sand is so unstable, it saps more of your body's energy when you move. So you can't afford to waste additional energy with inefficient movement patterns. It's critical that you move efficiently, especially through your hips, torso, and shoulders, also known as your “pillar.” This will allow you to conserve energy throughout the match.
Exercises like the Plank with Arm Lift and Glute Bridge Marching (see below for instructions) will help solidify this area and prepare your torso for the intense rotational demands of volleyball, for instance, when you go to swing or dig a hard-driven ball.
In addition to developing leg strength and power, building a solid foundation of “pillar strength” will give you a platform to leap higher, swing harder, and cover the court faster—even when it seems like it's moving beneath you.
Plank with Arm Lift
Start in the push-up position with your feet shoulder width apart. Without moving your torso, lift your left arm up and slightly to the left and hold for 1-2 seconds. Return to the starting position, and then repeat with your right arm. Keep your stomach tight throughout the movement to keep your trunk from moving as you lift each arm. Perform 8 reps with each arm.
Glute Bridge Marching
Lie face-up with your arms at your sides, knees bent, and heels on the ground. Squeezing your glutes, raise your hips off the floor until your knees, hips, and shoulders are in a straight line. Hold this position while bringing your right knee to your chest. Lower it, then repeat with your left leg. That's one repetition. Do a total of 6. For more moves like this, visit Coreperformance.com/pillar-strength.
Volleyball Training Programs
Jump Out of the Gym
Plyometrics: A Primer | <urn:uuid:195411e8-545b-487a-a3c8-6382a1d3275d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.outsideonline.com/1958671/i-want-get-shape-sand-volleyball-any-advice | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00283-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920681 | 412 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Build your own horse barn details the necessary parts for the building to function. Includes images and step by step instructions for a new barn or a conversion project. To own a horse means you should be aware of some horse barn designs and what they mean. The parts of a barn are basic. The added parts that make a barn a qualify for horse barn designs are quite simple as well.
Horse barn designs are as unique and varied as the animals they serve. They can be as small and simple as a lean to shed or be as large and complicated as an aircraft hangar. If you have an existing building, then you may want to breath new life back into that old barn. If you are starting from scratch, then there are detailed construction guides in How to Build a Shed, and How to Build a Barn.
Horse Barn – The Parts
Besides the barn’s structure itself, the stable is the single most important part of any horse barn design. It is what really separates it from other horse barn designs. Stable doors are available in fabricated steel from different manufacturers. The techniques used in DIY Barn Door will also work for stable doors. Remember that horse can deliver powerful kicks and other accidental encounters. If you are using a pole barn with metal sides, then you should line the inside of the stable with rough sawed oak siding. Make the siding at least 4′ tall. 10′ x 10′ is a popular size for stables because of the spacing of the post on many barns.
A tack room as a handy addition for keeping saddles and other necessary equipment and tools. These rooms are better suited with floors. See Barn Loft | Floor Construction for construction details. A good steel door is invaluable here for obvious security reasons.
Washrooms are also handy additions that are much like a commercial car wash in design and use. A concrete floor is best with a drain in the center. A garden hose with an adjustable spray nozzle will work fine for a controlled flow of water. There are also commercially available washing tools.
Horse Barn Plans – Don’t Forget!
Proper maintenance will help keep your barn functioning for years to come. Address any issues as they present themselves. Whether your barn has dirt or concrete floors, it will need regular cleaning. Horses produce a great deal of waste! | <urn:uuid:59804f95-b3bd-4e5d-921e-2d7dd0f11606> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://probarnplans.com/horse-instructions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00123-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950596 | 473 | 1.859375 | 2 |
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