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Acceptable Use of Information Technology Resources (rev. 3/12/2014)
The Acceptable Use of Information Technology Resources Policy provides guidelines for the appropriate use of information technology resources at Wellesley College and establish sanctions for violations of this policy.
Authorization for the Wellesley College Archives (rev. 4/11/2008)
This policy was established to ensure the preservation and availability of the official records of Wellesley College for administrative, fiscal, legal, and historical purposes and outlines the management of College records and the collection and preservation of papers, records and documents by the Wellesley College Archives.
Central File Storage Policy for Faculty/Staff (rev. 2/25/16)
This policy outlines the multiple central file storage options available for Wellesley College faculty and staff in order to address the growing need for greater file storage.
This policy outlines a set of principles and practices to guide in decision making regarding collection development for the Wellesley College Library. These principles undergo continual assessment and adjustment to ensure that the collection responds to changes in the curriculum and in the forms and formats of scholarly information needed to support the needs of the community.
Copyright Policy (rev. 9/10/2014)
The Wellesley College Copyright Policy establishes guidelines regarding the Fair Use of copyrighted material, use of multimedia and copyrighted works in the classroom, and information regarding the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
Digital Scholarship and Archive Policy (rev. 10/25/2011)
The Wellesley College Digital Scholarship and Archive (DSA) Policy establishes guidelines for the use of the DSA, including submission of materials, access, and compliance with copyright standards.
Electronic Content Stewardship (rev. 3/23/2015)
The Wellesley College Stewardship of Electronic Content Policy establishes the exceptions to electronic content privacy at Wellesley College, including the retention of and access to electronic content following the departure of an employee. For a detailed overview of account terminations, see the account terminations table.
As a Congressionally-designated Federal Depository Library for the 4th Congressional District of Massachusetts, the Wellesley College Library makes Government publications available for the free use of the general public, regardless of age. The Federal Depository Documents Access Policy documents the Library's adherence to the access policies outlined in the Federal Depository Library Handbook , developed by the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO).
Hardware Replacement Policy (rev. 1/23/2015)
The Hardware Replacement Policy establishes guidelines for the replacement of all College-owned hardware, outlines Library and Technology Services recommendations for standard configurations, and establishes responsibilities for departments wishing to exceed those configurations.
This policy establishes who can access and have borrowing privileges for the Wellesley College Libraries, and outlines the use related to those privileges.
Library Gifts Policy (rev. 5/1/2012)
The purpose of this policy is to outline for potential donors the guidelines and processes for making gifts of tangible property to the library including the criteria for evaluation, acceptance and disposition of gifts by the Library, Archives and Special Collections.
Records Management Policy (rev. 4/11/2008)
The purpose of this document is to establish a records management policy for Wellesley College, define key concepts specific to the Wellesley College policy and describe a framework for implementing this policy through a records management program.
Remote Access Policy (rev. 9/10/2014)
The Remote Access Policy defines standards for connecting to the Wellesley College network from any host. These standards are designed to minimize the potential threat to Wellesley College information technology resources and thereby protect sensitive college data.
Sakai Site Approval (rev. 9/20/2011)
The Approval for Sakai Sites policy is intended to ensure that any Sakai site created within the Wellesley College domain is to be used for purposes consistent with the mission of the College. This policy provides guidelines for obtaining approval for the creation of a Sakai site and establishes sanctions for violation of these guidelines.
Outlines policy for reproduction or publishing of images or text from Special Collections materials.
This statement outlines the necessary conditions that must be met in order to make an electronic signature legally viable.
Written Information Security Program (rev. June 2015)
Establishes employee responsibilities in protecting data containing personal information and outlines specific administrative, technical and physical safeguards. | <urn:uuid:84aa1f12-08ac-475d-8827-203aea5c5244> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.wellesley.edu/lts/policies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00082-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.833193 | 882 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Ice Lake Basin, northwest of Silverton, is undeniably one of the most scenic valleys in Colorado’s mountains. Whether it is to scale some of the magnificent peaks surrounding the basin or just to spend time photographing the area, I never grow tired of visiting this special place.
The Ice Lake Trail starts at the west end of the parking area. Follow the trail as it heads up to the lower basin. As the trail leaves the narrow river canyon a little below Lower Ice Lake, enjoy spectacular views of some of the peaks encircling the upper basin.
Go past the lower lake, continuing on the trail as it wanders through fields of wildflowers before cutting through a cliff band replete with scenic waterfalls.
Reach the upper basin and Ice Lake after 3.5 miles and take time to admire your surroundings. The spectacular colors of the surrounding peaks – red, orange, yellow and purple, for the most part – are due to the volcanic origins of the area. Unfortunately, this is also responsible for the less-
than-ideal quality of the rock. To climb the peaks in this valley, it is often necessary to slog up seemingly endless scree slopes.
The peaks here have the reputation of being some of the most challenging in the state, although the experienced peak-bagger should have little difficulty climbing most of them.
The views from the summits quickly end any grumbling over the loose rock encountered on the way up.
Here I will describe routes to a couple of the more moderate summits: Vermillion Peak (13,894 feet) and Fuller Peak (13,761 feet).
Continue on the trail toward Fuller Lake. Shortly before reaching the lake, look for a gentle ridge on the north side of the lake. A sometimes faint but cairned trail leads up this ridge and into the basin formed by Golden Horn, Vermillion and Fuller peaks.
Follow the trail southwest as it heads toward the saddle between Fuller and Vermillion peaks. An ice ax may be necessary, since the approach to the saddle holds snow well into the summer. After the snow melts, the trail should be apparent, switchbacking up the slope to the saddle.
To climb Vermillion Peak, head up the peak’s southeast ridge on a climbers trail. The trail tends to stay to the left side of the ridge until reaching a loose scree gully directly below the summit block.
Carefully ascend the scree gully to the ridge, thence to the summit and enjoy the views.
For a climb of Fuller Peak, return to the Vermillion-Fuller saddle and continue up the straightforward ridge to the summit. Descend by heading back to the saddle.
Dave Cooper is the author of “Colorado Scrambles: A Guide to 50 Select Climbs in Colorado’s Mountains.”
Getting to the trailhead: Two miles northwest of Silverton on U.S. 550 take the South Mineral Creek road (County Road 7) for 4.5 miles to a parking area on the north side of the road, directly across from the South Mineral Campground (“Trailhead”).
Hike statistics: From the trailhead to Ice Lake, the round-trip distance is 7 miles with 2,500 feet elevation gain. If you include Vermillion and Fuller peaks, the round-trip distance from the trailhead is 12.7 miles with 4,600 feet of total elevation gain.
Difficulty: A moderate trail hike to Ice Lake. Some moderate scrambling on scree slopes is required to reach the summits of Vermillion and Fuller.
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‘On Swedes and their noggins’
Last week, in ‘Close, but no cigarette’, I wrote about malapropisms. You know, like when someone warns about ‘upsetting the apple tart’ or says they put too much ‘canine pepper’ in the soup. (Thanks for that one, Ruth!) Infamous Chicago Mayor Richard Daley once mentioned ‘Alcoholics Unanimous’ in a speech. And, of course, Donald wants our nuclear weapons to be ‘top of the pack’.
This week, I’m going to write about Swedes and their heads, a subject dear to my heart, since I am in possession of a classic example. But first, speaking of heads, did you ‘get’ the title? ‘What’s that in the road — a head?’
When I was a kid, our mother would regale us with stuff like this all the time. Like, she would say (or sing, actually) ‘She has freckles on her but…she is nice’ (with extra dramatic flourish on that word ‘but’) and we kids would absolutely crack up. There’s nothing like the word ‘but’, with or without that extra ‘t’, to make a little kid weep with laughter. Incidentally, the next verse was ‘and when I’m in her arms, it’s paradise’.
I have no idea what you call this sort of wordplay. (Would it be a ‘pun’? Somehow the word ‘pun’ for this kind of thing seems somewhat inadequate.) Here’s another example, this time dependent on a visual:
Anyway, back to Swedes and their heads. What’s the deal? you may be asking. Well. Typically, at least in my half-Swedish family, this means our heads are on the large side. (My hat size is bigger than The Dude’s, nyah nyah nyah.) Also, our heads tend to have a sort of ‘flat’ part. When we were little, we liked to say that we had ‘split-level heads’, and that this meant we had more room for brains.
This ‘split-level’ part is on the top, toward the back, and is (usually) hidden by hairstyle or hat. I was once at a party and asked a nice (bald) man I had just met if he was Swedish. He said, ‘Yes, I am. How did you know?’ I said, ‘I could tell by your head. You have a Swedish head.’ ‘What do you mean?’ he asked. So I patted my own head, demonstrating the flat place. ‘Didn’t you know that about Swedish heads?’ ‘No’, he said. ‘And now I’ll never not know it,’ he added, looking somewhat horrified.
I don’t mind my Swedish noggin — it’s the only head I’ve ever had, and I’ve grown rather fond of it, large hat size be damned. But The Dude was relieved that The Child did not inherit it. Her head, I’m happy to report, is perfectly smooth and round. And so far, she’s proved there’s lots of room in there for brains, even without the extra ‘split-level’ addition.
Incidentally, even though the head in the featured photo at the top of this story is missing its top, I can tell it’s not Swedish, since the Met, last time I looked anyway, didn’t have an ancient Swedish sculpture gallery.
But back to my family and their adorable noggins. Pretty much everybody has or had a nice, big, emphatic head. Even my Dad, who wasn’t a Swede, had a doozy. Once, I remember, he leaned too far back, and his director’s chair tipped over. My Mom said, ‘He’s okay. He landed on his head.’
But perhaps the one of us with the most memorable head is my Youngest Brother Doug. Even as a baby, his head was magnificent. He was born in April, which meant that by summer he was one hot heavy babe in arms.
It wasn’t his fault, bless his little heart, but he sure was hot. It didn’t help that we didn’t have air conditioning and that the temperature was about a zillion degrees and with subtropic humidity. We were (sort of) used to it. Though I remember that the metal fridge-door handle felt hot to the touch. Almost as hot as Doug’s head.
Doug was not only a hot baby, he was also a hot little kid. Once, when he was three or four, he confessed to a family friend that he ‘had no hair under his arms, just prickly heat’.
But enough about poor hot baby Doug. I’m happy to report that he grew up and stayed hot — but the good kind of ‘hot’.
Yes, yes, I’m going to stop making fun of Doug, and end by sharing a photo of another Henry baby — the latest Henry baby, in fact. This is Madeleine Rose. She and her Henry Head joined us just last week. I haven’t been able to check to see if she inherited the Swedish Head. But since her Dad and her Grampa (Middle Younger Brother Roger) are mostly Swedish-ish, there’s a pretty good chance she did. Fortunately, as you can see, she is blessed with abundant split-level-hiding hair.
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Reviews of Princess Cultures, edited by Miriam Forman-Brunell and Rebecca Hains
American Journal of Play: “Review of Princess Cultures: Mediating Girls’ Identities and Imaginations,” Emily R. Aguiló-Pérez, Spring 2016
The [Princess Cultures] collection draws on a wide range of sources and approaches to explore the main topic. While some of the contributors work with texts—films, dolls, books—about princesses, others discuss the interactions girls have with the culture of princesses. By doing this, the authors provide a voice to girls, often quoting extensively while keeping their own views as the researchers to a minimum. This approach to highlight girls’ voices aligns with the primary goals of girlhood studies.
An important aspect of this book is that it provides different ranges for what constitutes a “girl,” especially according to her cultural context. For instance, in her chapter about princess culture in Qatar, Kristen Pike employs the term “girl” even though her participants were between eighteen and twenty-four years old because in Arab countries the term “woman” refers to married females. In this context, “girl” expands meaning of the term beyond its common use in Western scholarly works about girls. Pike’s use of “girl” provides an example of the fluidity of the term “girl” around the world.
[…] Forman-Brunell and Hains have created a rich collection of essays that significantly contribute to the growing literature that examines girls’ popular cultures. Princess Cultures is the first scholarly collection to discuss the princess from a wide range of perspectives. In so doing, Princess Cultures adds to the growing literature that examines girls’ lives, cultures, and the way they mediate their identity through popular artifacts and popular constructions of girlhood. Play scholars interested in the ways in which girls mediate their identities through their play with princess dolls will also find much to consider here. Academics from a wide range of disciplines, including play scholars, as well as general readers interested in childhood, girlhood, or the princess will enjoy it.
MEDIENwissenschaft [Media Science]: Review of Miriam Forman-Brunell, Rebecca C. Hains (Hg. [Eds.]): Princess Cultures: Mediating Girls’ Imaginations and Identities, Man-Nihn Chung, 2017. Excerpts translated from the original German:
Stories and fairy tales about princesses — real and fictional — accompany the growing up of children and adolescents not only since Disney. The so-called ‘princess culture’ is a controversial topic — with discussion often focused upon whether it has a negative or positive effect on the development of young girls. The historian Miriam Forman-Brunell and the communications scholar Rebecca C. Hains investigate exactly this question in the preamble to Princess Cultures: Mediating Girls’ Imaginations and Identities. But rather than giving an exhaustive answer to this difficult topic, they present the princess culture phenomenon from various perspectives and approaches. The authors who contributed to the book come from fields such as media studies, communications science, history, and literary studies. Through this interdisciplinary approach to the topic, new and interesting perspectives are revealed.
[In Princess Cultures], consistently pleasant writing styles and comprehensible formulations with few technical terms facilitate an understanding of the work’s fundamental statements. Some essays include interview excerpts that are well integrated into the text and do not disturb the flow of the writing. […] The collected work will tend to appeal to media scientists, communication scientists and students of gender studies, but it is also suitable for those interested in other subjects, since no prior knowledge is required. The chapters’ examples and interviews are very understandable and explained in detail […]. Princess Cultures provides a helpful overview with links to other disciplines, and in the end, readers will feel well-informed and sufficiently equipped to form their own opinions about princess culture. | <urn:uuid:af6fbd7e-513a-4a08-93a7-f66368d6e1ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rebeccahains.com/books-by-rebecca-hains/princess-cultures/reviews/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.93793 | 841 | 2.34375 | 2 |
The quaint community of James Bay lies directly next to the Inner Harbour of Victoria and holds some of the city's historical treasures. Gorgeous waterfront views and numerous locations to picnic and stroll make this area a hot spot for visitors to the city. Quaint shops, elegant Victorian style homes and lovely parks or waterfront walk ways are a leisurely way to spend the day!
James Bay offers a close look into some of the most beautiful and historical treasures Victoria offers. The Dive Center at Ogden point makes for a highlight amoung divers from around the world and is poised on the famous walkway to the locals known as the Break Water. The Dallas Road scenic route runs from the inner harbour directly infront of the cruise ship terminals, the Break Water, Clover Point, Beacon Hills garden park, Mile O and Ogden Point. This area gives stunning views of the mountain ranges across the Juan de Fuca Strait to Port Angeles. A great way to see this area is on bike, walking the ocean front walkway, by horse drawn carriage, by automobile or sailing along on the shore line on a chartered yacht.
Other interests: The Royal BC Museum, Imax Theatre, whale watching, sailing and dinner cruises, shopping, First Nations Arts and souvenirs, high tea, kayaking or rowing harbour tours, fine dining and delicious traditional treats!
Things To Bring:
Be sure to pack sunglasses, an umbrella and a light sweater there is the chance that the weather turns either way at some point in the day.
The Coast Salish First Nations Tribe, Songish (Songhees) are recognized in the naming of along stretch of walkways and inner harbour apartments facing the downtown core. Their history and artifacts are well documented in the Royal BC Museum.
Summer average 19 degrees Celsius
Winter average 7 degrees Celsius | <urn:uuid:bdcf67cf-73c0-429a-b0d4-f8b1f9d50635> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gobc.ca/city-of-victoria-travel/7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00322-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908748 | 369 | 1.703125 | 2 |
When was the last time you revised your resume or went on an interview?
Whether you realize it or not, you were engaged in a storytelling exercise.
- Your resume is a story
- What you say in the interview is a story
- Your web and social media presence is a story
Anytime we communicate toward a destination, we are storytelling. We are engaged in acts of storytelling multiple times per day
- Giving feedback is storytelling
- Website copy is storytelling
- Building a movement is storytelling
None of these stories exist in a vacuum. There is no objective story. Each story is framed, consciously or unconsciously, by how we tell those stories.
Stories at 30,000 feet
Good stories often include all of the following: characters, conflict, resolutions, progress, and tension. When we tell stories without these elements, we are still telling stories, they’re just far less interesting.
To forever improve your ability to tell a story, make sure every story includes these three elements:
- Problem (Conflict)
- Solution (Action)
- Results (Resolution)
If you want to learn some other ways to tell stories, I suggest some of the following frameworks:
- The Red Thread Framework from Find Your Red Thread by Tamsen Webster
- The Storybrand 7 from Building a Storybrand by Donald Miller
- The Golden Circle from Start with Why by Simon Sinek
- The Idea Introduction Pattern from Pitch Anything by Oren Klaff
Framing at 30,000 feet
The story is defined by what we choose to focus on within those three elements. This is the frame.
- What problems are we choosing to focus on? Have we adequately described the problem?
- How do we explain our solution? What should we give the greatest importance to?
- What are the intended results? Did we choose something ambitious enough, or not enough?
The frame is the unique perspective through which the events of the story are seen. Changing the frame, changes the story. Changing the words, changes the frame.
Stories begin at the Destination
The best first step of crafting our story, or choosing our frame, is to know where we’re going.
- Great stories are designed to build toward a destination.
- Not-so-great stories wander aimlessly, in search of a destination.
Before writing your resume, walking into the interview, or giving that feedback, make sure you know where you want the story to end and what theme you want to come through loud and clear.
This is where the frame becomes clear.
Reframing is the act of taking an existing story or idea, and changing what you choose to focus on in order to see the end result more closely match your intended outcome.
Now that we’ve covered some of the theory and process, let’s go into some examples.
It’s time to write your Resume
Let’s look at a few of the ways you can subtly reframe your resume to tell a better story.
First, start by deciding what your theme is. What should someone walk away with? Is it about people-first leadership, revenue growth, or cost-savings? Is it your work ethic, your quick thinking, or your willingness to color outside the lines? Once you have this, let it serve as the north star to guide everything in your resume.
Next, I’m going to give you three things you can do to shift how someone understands the story of your resume.
1. Shift Activities → Outcomes
It’s a reframe because you’re talking about the same job and the same events, but shifting the part of the work that you focus on. By doing this, you change how people perceive the same events.
2. Organize the outcomes by categories
Once you’ve reframed your activities into outcomes, try to organize them into no more than 4 categories of outcomes that — when combined — illustrate your theme. It’s a reframe because you’re no longer asking the person reviewing your resume to make sense of the accomplishments, or how they fit together but are instead clearly showing how they fit to prove the theme.
Example #1 If the theme is Leadership Your four categories might be: Growth, Innovation, Accountability, and Performance
Example #2 If the theme is Business Growth Your four categories might be: Process Improvements, Lead Generation, Sales, Calculated Risks
3. Make the story stand out! Design, picture, a flash of unique
Studies have shown that people’s perception about wine can be influenced by the music they are listening to as they drink it. Similarly, it’s been shown that what sticks out is what gets remembered. It’s the basis of most Brand Strategy. By making sure that your resume stands out, you are framing yourself as unique, and based on your choices, potentially altering how they read your accomplishments through the use of priming.
Get ready for that Interview
Inevitably, in every interview, the candidate is asked to talk about weaknesses. This is an ideal opportunity for reframing.
Let’s say this is how you would candidly describe your weakness:
“I almost never delegate, because I know if I do it, it will be right. So rather than take the time fixing others errors, I just do it myself. I have a hard time trusting people because I honestly believe I will do a better job than everyone else, so I either micromanage, or just do it myself. And because I am a perfectionist and cannot l hand in work until it is completely perfect.”
Ok, so, not great, and certainly not something a hiring manager would be thrilled to hear. However, if you know it’s a weakness and something you’re working on, you might try something like this…
“One area of growth that I’m consistently working on is my ability to delegate. I know it’s currently a weakness and I know exactly where it comes from. It’s always been very important for me to be recognized for my accomplishments. When someone I’m managing fails to deliver, I worry that it will be perceived as a poor reflection on me. At the same time I know in my heart that letting people make mistakes is the only way they will grow. In my pursuit of being the best manager I can be, I’m consistently working on letting go, halting my instinct to micromanage, and being ready to coach and support my team when they make mistakes.”
Reframing weaknesses is about focusing on your theme. Your weaknesses are almost always the other side of your strengths. Make it known that you are aware of it and working on it.
How to Criticize
Sometimes team members don’t come through. Sometimes, they consistently make the same mistakes. So, how can you reframe negative scenarios when all you really want to do is scream and yell at someone to just fix the problem?
For this one, I’m just going to refer you to my book, The Lovable Leader. The framework is called Sit on the Same Side of the Table and you can read all about it in the book.
Here’s the summary:
- Set the table
- Practice Curiosity
- Close the Loop
Doing this shifts you from criticizing to looking at your shared goals and collaborating on solutions. If you think the answer is the compliment sandwich, please read this first.
Think about your frames
I hope this post helps you to see more of your interactions through the lens of story, and empowers you with the ability to reframe those stories to help you accomplish your goals.
Remember that you can always step back and look at your life through the lens of a story. Your ability to communicate that story in a clear and compelling way helps people better understand you. Define your theme and frequently come back to it.
If people aren’t seeing where you want to go, you may not need to change your story, just how you’re framing it. | <urn:uuid:c96a97be-c938-4570-82d6-e2440a49a449> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jeffgibbard.com/the-art-of-reframing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.946185 | 1,709 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The Asiatic lion is endangered largely because of hunting by humans after firearms became widespread. While the subspecies once ranged through Europe, the Middle East and India, it now only occupies a relatively small area of dry deciduous forest in Western India. Its numbers are slowly recovering, having risen from merely 100 animals to about 200 today, according to Bristol Zoo Gardens.Continue Reading
The Asiatic lion is extremely rare, and breeding programs around the world are in place to restore their population and prevent inbreeding. Even the small number living today are in danger of outgrowing the protected natural habitats devoted to their preservation.
The subspecies has physical and behavioral traits that distinguish it from its African relatives. The Asiatic lion has longer tufts of hair on its tail and elbows than the African lion, and it also has a distinctive fold of skin along its belly in both sexes.
Asiatic lion prides are smaller than African prides, generally only containing two females and a male, and the male generally spends less time with the pride, only coming together for mating or large kills. Asiatic lions are more at home in open forests than their plains-based African counterparts, and their prey animals tend to be smaller, which helps explain their smaller prides.Learn more about Large Cats | <urn:uuid:29497743-86bb-499b-82ce-c3dae49a93d6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.reference.com/pets-animals/asiatic-lion-endangered-7055d0fcdc0a81c9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957865 | 263 | 3.671875 | 4 |
An attitude is a feeling or a manner of expression. It can be good or bad, positive or negative, normal or extreme. This word is often used in describing how a person regards other people, or how a person regards work.
Cindy has a good attitude towards school.
Tony’s attitude towards work is poor. He has a poor attitude.
A person with a positive attitude can accomplish great things.
If you really want to learn English well, it’s important to have a good attitude towards school and studying.
Once Abdi changed his attitude towards his teachers, his grades improved and he started to enjoy school.
Charlene was fired from her job because she had a bad attitude, and she was rude to the customers.
Sometimes the word "attitude" implies that a person’s behavior or feelings are negative.
He’s developed a real attitude.
She has an attitude problem.
Where did she get that attitude?
A person with an attitude won’t last long around here.
What’s up with the attitude?
I don’t like your attitude.
You’d better change your attitude.
After living in California for a few years, she developed an attitude towards her old friends. | <urn:uuid:0fc2b87c-15bb-403c-9a3b-de9e0f965c2d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.learnamericanenglishonline.com/Word%20of%20the%20Day/2014-2/April/attitude.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.977394 | 266 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Litigating IT-Related Cases
In Information Technology Litigation: Law and Analysis (Law Journal Press, 2008, ISBN 978-1-58852-146-0, 600 pages), Barry Felder, Frederick Whitmer, and Jeffrey Weingart focus on legal issues relating to software, digital content, and electronic data across several disciplines.
Written for attorneys and other professionals responsible for handling the legal issues raised by new technology, the book examines the interplay between IT and intellectual property law in the commercial litigation environment.
The authors' specialization in complex intellectual property and IT-related disputes in US federal and state courts is clear from the book's subject matter:
• IT-related copyright, trademark, trade secret and patent issues;
• evolving privacy and data security considerations;
• electronic discovery, computer forensics, and protective orders;
• alternative dispute resolution; and
• emerging areas, such as digital cataloging, virtual theft, and computer trespass claims.
Seeking to focus on how the law is currently applied, the authors plan to update the book at least twice each calendar year after publication to stay current with IT developments and emerging case law.
Further information is available at www.lawcatalog.com.
How Web 2.0 Makes Money
Amy Shuen's Web 2.0: A Strategy Guide (O'Reilly Media, 2008, ISBN 978-0-596-52996-3, 266 pages) is designed to pragmatically examine what's different about Web 2.0 and how those differences can improve a company's bottom line. The book is aimed at IT professionals, executives, small business owners, and entrepreneurs and seeks to use real-life examples to show how businesses large and small are creating new online opportunities.
Rather than focusing on individual technologies, the examples concentrate on effects. Shuen says that integrating Web 2.0 strategies means creating places online where people like to come together to share what they think, see, and do—enlist your customers to help build the site as well as "viral" awareness through word-of-mouth interest. This book demonstrates the power of this new paradigm by examining how:
• Flickr, a classic user-driven business, created value for itself by helping users create their own value;
• Google made money with a model based on free search and changed the rules for doing business on the Web;
• social network effects can support a business (ever wonder how FaceBook grew so quickly?); and
• businesses such as Amazon.com use creative approaches to monetize the investments they've already made.
Shuen has written before on Silicon Valley business models, and in this book she examines how enterprises are using Web 2.0 technologies to their economic benefit.
Clearing a Fuzzy Situation
Noam Rathus and Gadi Evron's Open Source Fuzzing Tools (Syngress Media, 2007, ISBN 978-1-59749-195-2, 448 pages) covers the subject of black box testing using fuzzing techniques.
A fuzzer is a program that attempts to discover security vulnerabilities by sending random data to an application to see if it crashes; if so, there are defects to correct. Fuzzing has been around for a while, but it's now transitioning from home-grown hacker tool to commercial-grade quality assurance product. Developers can use fuzzing to find and eliminate buffer overflows and other software vulnerabilities during the development process and before release.
Fuzzing is a fast-growing field with increasing commercial interest (seven companies unveiled fuzzing products in 2007). This book explores how fuzzing finds vulnerabilities and provides detailed information on fuzzing tools that are currently available. The authors also show how to build your own fuzzer to automate the process of detecting vulnerabilities in your own and third-party software.
The Buzz Around Virtualization
The IT Infrastructure, Operations, and Management Summit heads to Orlando, Florida, on 23–25 June 2008. The conference will examine virtualization's impact on data centers seeking to reduce costs while providing 24/7 availability and quality of service.
The summit is organized around four tracks: the IT operations track will include server provisioning and configuration, automation and workflow realities, and asset management in a virtualized world; the virtualization track will cover server virtualization for x86, Unix, and mainframes, data protection and disaster recovery, and next-generation technologies; the infrastructure track will include Vista and Office 2007 migrations, storage trends and disruptive technologies, and virtualized client computing; and the IT modernization track will include power and cooling challenges, improving disaster recovery testing efficiency, and the impact of software as a service.
Breakout sessions, analyst round tables, and user experience sessions will focus on issues such as IT modernization, infrastructure consolidation, business resilience, and performance management.
For more, see www.gartner.com/us/iom.
The Fundamentals of Enterprise Architecture
The Enterprise Architecture Foundation Seminar 2008 will be held in Washington, DC, this September. The seminar will focus on establishing a disciplined process—from planning to implementation—for responding to new business initiatives, increased technical complexity, and heightened time and budget constraints. The promoters view the enterprise as "a holistic system of systems that deliver agility, speed, and integration."
The seminar is designed to present enterprise architecture fundamentals for IT and business management. The sessions will explore how to use enterprise architecture to
• build governance processes,
• establish key organizational roles and responsibilities, and
• integrate business and IT strategies.
For more information, see www.gartner.com/us/epas2.
The 5th annual Innovations in Information Technology forum (Innovations 08) is coming to the United Arab Emirates University's new College of Information Technology in December 2008.
Researchers will present work in a range of topics, including
• wireless access technologies,
• network security and privacy,
• cryptography and authentication,
• mobile and mesh networks,
• multimedia communications,
• network management and performance,
• Internet services and applications,
• IT management,
• information ethics and IP, and
• business process modeling.
See www.it-innovations.ae for more information.
Think Tank on IT's Impact
The Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations (CRITO; www.crito.uci.edu) is one of the world's leading think tanks on IT's impact on organizations and society, as well as on IT management.
Based at the University of California, Irvine for more than 20 years, CRITO brings together multidisciplinary perspectives from internationally recognized experts in the fields of management, computer science, and social science. CRITO conducts both academic and applied research focus on IT management, the IT-enabled enterprise, technology-intensive user environments, and the increasingly global nature of IT use and production. Research projects are divided into five main areas of study: IT in business, globalization of IT, IT in education, IT in the home, and IT in government.
Visitors to the site can freely access research papers, subscribe to a newsletter, find out about news and events, and more.
Teaching and Developing IT Skills
The Educators' Website for Information Technology (EWIT; http://www2.edc.org/ewit/) is designed for academic and technical educators in community-based and business partnerships. EWIT supports the use of academic standards to enhance learning and to develop IT skills for career advancement.
The site aims to assist academic and technical communities in helping students develop IT skills. It provides tools and resources in program areas including skill standards, integrating academic with career and technical standards, and IT curricula and assessment.
EWIT offers several services, including strategic planning (with an IT career-development program planning guide to help employers and educators assess IT education-to-employment programs), assessment (to help school administrators determine areas of strength and weaknesses), curriculum development (tools, technical assistance, and support for analyzing curricula to ensure focus on standards and problem-based learning), professional development (online institutes and courses for educators), and evaluation (including community mapping and program and project evaluation). | <urn:uuid:ba04580c-417e-4230-8132-8fe0476405f5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.computer.org/csdl/mags/it/2008/03/mit2008030060.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00486-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902369 | 1,680 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Greeks, Beasts and Heroes: The Magic Head
In this, the second of Lucy Coats’ re-telling of Greek myths and legends, she begins with stories of the gods and goddesses: how Zeus, the greatest of the gods, married Hera; the story of Demeter, the corn goddess, and her daughter Persephone who was carried off to the underworld; the birth of Aphrodite and her marriage to Hephaestus, the blacksmith god; and Hephaestus’ own story of how he was lamed and later became a blacksmith and made wonderful things.
She moves on to stories of gods interacting with humans: Zeus transforming himself into a white bull and carrying off Europa; Danaë imprisoned in a copper tower where Zeus appeared as a shower of gold and the subsequent birth of the hero Perseus; and two of Perseus’s own adventures: how he got Medusa’s head and how he rescued Andromeda from the dragon; and the birth of Apollo, the god of prophecy, who killed the snake, Python; and Apollo’s twin sister, Artemis, the huntress.
Lucy Coats interweaves the stories with great skill, greatly aided by Anthony Lewis’s splendid illustrations. In the classroom, they could provide plenty of opportunities for discussion of myths to explain the seasons, as shown by Demeter and Persephone; myths to explain volcanoes, as in the stories of Hephaestus; and to show how in nature, as with caterpillars and butterflies, say, things change into other things.
Again, with such difficult names for children to pronounce as Hephaestus, Danaë and Poseidon, the book certainly needs a helpful glossary. Suitable for children of 7 plus.
I think this book was very good but it should have a bit more detail. I would have liked to have known how everyone could talk to the Gods and Goddesses for example, and how could they make goats magic and why is it called The Magic Head? There’s not really such a thing as a magic head.
I liked the stories but as I just said I wanted to know more. My favourite story is called The Queen of The Underworld. I liked it because the mother was nice but it got a bit worrying when the child got kidnapped. It was an exciting story and it was easy to read. I really like the pictures and the coloured pages in the book.
I read The Magic Head by myself with some help from Mum and Dad. I think the book would be good for teenagers. I wouldn’t tell my friends to read it because most of them don’t read what I read. | <urn:uuid:cdb603a7-ada8-4c8f-bf0d-b92b747ffb8f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://historicalnovelsociety.org/reviews/greeks-beasts-and-heroes-the-magic-head/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00062-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975897 | 555 | 2.75 | 3 |
Adania Shibli's "Minor Detail"What is Palestinian literature exactly?
One October morning in 2003, a young Palestinian woman is engrossed in the Israeli newspaper Haaretz. When she looks up again, she is changed. A report by an Israeli journalist documents in detail the gang-rape of a Palestinian Bedouin woman – still a girl, really – by Israeli soldiers from the IDF on 13 August 1949. The deed and the article form the thematic brackets of the novel Minor Detail by Adania Shibli. And neither the deed nor the revelatory article is invented; both are real.
When the Palestinian woman in the novel reads about the rape, she is transfixed by one small detail. The day on which the abuse and the subsequent murder took place was exactly 25 years before she was born – and now, more than 50 years later, she reads about them and decides to investigate the story. She wants, as people say so often and so prosaically these days, to give a voice to the nameless.
Adania Shibli deserves to be better known, as does Palestinian literature as a whole. But – and here we are already faced with a problem of delimitation – what is Palestinian literature, exactly? Who writes it: people in the diaspora community – Palestinian Americans, for instance – or people from the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, or those who live in Israel, the Arab Muslims and Christians who still make up 20 percent of the country’s population?
Palestinian literature is also hard to define because of its polyglot nature. The canonical greats such as Mahmoud Darwish or Emil Habibi wrote in Arabic. But Sayed Kashua, one of the best-known Arab Israeli authors, writes his novels in Hebrew and recently left the country for the USA, in protest, as he said, at the stifling political situation. And novels written in Spanish must also be counted, including Lina Meruane’s chronicle, Volverse Palestina. Meruane’s family emigrated from Beit Jala in what is now the West Bank to Chile, the country with the largest Palestinian minority outside the Middle East.
Details draw us in, arouse our interest
The author Adania Shibli speaks six languages, lives in three countries, and her family history stretches back through four historic regions and nations: the Ottoman Empire; the British Mandate; the West Bank; Israel. Perhaps that makes Adania Shibli a typical diaspora Palestinian from the educated middle classes, someone who returns again and again to the place of her birth. She teaches regularly at the Palestinian Bir-Zait University near Ramallah.
The fact that she was born in 1974 like the nameless protagonist of her novel, and that she also once lived in Ramallah, are just other details; the focus here is not on playing autobiographical detective games. It is on a question that is all the more relevant today: why do we feel so close to one person’s fate at certain moments, and why does it pass us by at others?
"Of course, this may sound like pure narcissism, that fact that what drew me to the incident, what made it begin haunting me, was the presence of a detail that is really quite minor when compared to the incident’s major details, which can only be described as tragic," the narrator confesses. But she has no reason to feel ashamed. Details capture our attention; they draw us in, they arouse our interest.
The first part of Minor Detail gives a frostily sober account of the last three day of the nameless Bedouin girl’s life. Everything about it is difficult to bear. The distance that the narrative voice maintains, as it sticks close to one of the perpetrators. The officer in charge of the special unit – a man who also remains nameless – is bitten by an animal, probably a scorpion, the night before his unit comes across the Bedouin group.
From then on, events unfold in a kind of delirium. The suppurating wound that he hides from his men; the shimmering heat and the wastes of the Negev desert; the dust that gets into everything; his soldiers’ destructive power. Finally, he himself turns perpetrator. "...he pounced on her, his hand searching for her mouth to shut it. At that she clamped down hard with her teeth and bit him. He quickly pulled his hand back, and shoved the other towards her hair."
Shibli leaves the historical context out of her story, not wasting a single word on the ceasefire agreement with Egypt that was being negotiated at this point in time – and so dances around the phrase "war crime", which is always the wrong term. Only once do we hear the officer say that his unit is stationed in the desert not only to secure the southern border with Egypt, but to "cleanse" the desert of "any remaining Arabs". The first part of the novel ends with the murder of the Bedouin girl, and if the book itself had ended there, Shibli could be accused of exploiting terrible suffering in the name of literature.
Edward Said's definition
Edward Said, a diaspora Palestinian and early theorist of post-colonialism, made an attempt to define Palestinian literature in 1986. Palestinian literature, he argues, is formally unstable, it attempts "to overcome the almost metaphysical impossibility of representing the present". It consists of fragmentary compositions "in which the narrative voice keeps stumbling over itself, its obligations, and its limitations". Edward Said wrote this long before Adania Shibli became a writer. But it is telling that, in the second part of her novel, the first-person narrator is undermined by historical obligations and present limitations.
Her obligation? To prevent the murdered woman ending up nameless on the rubbish heap of history: "like she’s a nobody and will forever remain a nobody whose voice nobody will hear." Her limitation? With her Palestinian passport, she is immobile; the West Bank passport ranks alongside those from Afghanistan and Syria as the "worst" in the world, with practically no hope of being granted visas for other countries.
In search of answers, the narrator gets hold of an Israeli ID from a colleague; with her own, she would be turned back at the checkpoint at once. The Palestinian version of a road trip: travelling illegally, on a borrowed passport and in a borrowed car, and with her halting Hebrew, this young woman is not setting out on an adventure to explore far-off places, but to discover a region just behind the wall, only ten to one hundred kilometres from where she was born.
There are two maps on the passenger seat: one pre and one post-1948. The port district of Tel Aviv with its Israeli Army central archive is her first stop. She calls that part of the city "Yafa" in Arabic, rather than the Hebrew "Yafo". It’s only tourists who can slip up and confuse these names. With a very light touch, Adania Shibli is making a passing reference to a war that even extends to names in these two closely-related Semitic languages.
The fact that in Israel, a nation accustomed to conflict, no action is without an implicit message, no phenotypic feature or piece of clothing escapes religious or ethnic categorisation, is one lesson that Minor Detail teaches us. Thoughtlessly reaching into a pocket for some chewing gum may look to an observer like drawing a weapon.
In among the loud and polarised voices that surround the conflict in the Middle East, Shibli is a quiet, searching, precise observer. It would be great to hear more from her. Thankfully, literature doesn’t have to deliver political analysis, but can show the fate of individual people.
And that is something we can learn from Minor Detail: every political conflict, whether near or far in geographical terms, creates lives that come up against their own limitations before they can really begin.
© Suddeutsche Zeitung / Qantara.de 2022
Translated from the German by Ruth Martin | <urn:uuid:709c2a4c-52fe-46eb-8887-c925d3340306> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.qantara.de/content/adania-shiblis-minor-detail-what-is-palestinian-literature-exactly | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.962665 | 1,670 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Continuous Production of Tailored Silver Nanoparticles by Polyol Synthesis and Reaction Yield Measured by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Toward a Growth Mechanism
Two complementary topics are discussed: (i) the continuous production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and (ii) the measurement of reaction yield by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). The continuous polyol synthesis of AgNPs in grams amount and in the size range of 7-104 nm was carried out in the segmented flow tubular reactor (SFTR). Particle size was tailored by controlling the synthesis parameters such as temperature, reactant concentrations, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecular weight. The continuous production was tested for 4 h, and the product has shown constant particle size distribution over the whole production time. Reliable continuous production of 2.3 g h(-1) of similar to 100 nm AgNPs can be achieved with a lab-scale SFTR. The produced particles were fully characterized with respect to size, size distribution, and chemical purity. To better understand the growth mechanism, synchrotron-radiation high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy data were collected directly on the AgNPs suspension. In particular, from}CANES experiments, the conversion yield of Ag+ to Ag-0 was measured. The results are consistent with a two-step process where PVP controls the particle nucleation while growth is ensured by thermally induced ethylene glycol oxidation. | <urn:uuid:883b9aec-de1f-4edd-892c-484af4ae2aa1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/200946 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00224-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934786 | 326 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Hermeneutics and Social Science (Routledge Revivals): Approaches to Understanding
Originally published in 1978, this important work, by one of the leading European social theorists, is arguably the best introduction to the hermeneutic tradition as a whole. It is designed to help students of sociology and philosophy place the problems of "understanding social science" in their historical and philosophical context. It does so by presenting the major current in sociological thought as responses to the challenge of hermeneutics. The idea that true knowledge of social life can be attained only if human conduct is seen as meaningful action whose meaning is accordingly grasped has been presented as a discovery of recent sociology.
In fact its history is long and its connections plentiful, reaching beyond the boundaries of sociology itself. Yet it is in sociology that the hermeneutic tradition has attracted most interest but most misinterpretation. The debate is in full swing and there is no attempt to offer "correct" solutions - the emphasis instead is upon revealing the strengths and weaknesses of each of the main approaches. However it is Bauman's view that the theory of understanding may achieve valid results only if it treats the problem of understanding as an aspect of the ongoing process of social life. | <urn:uuid:dcc5751a-50a2-43f2-9014-c16e65bd73ab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://books.google.com/books/about/Hermeneutics_and_Social_Science.html?id=Q9n1OlrYAdAC&hl=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00453-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960659 | 248 | 2.34375 | 2 |
For most business owners, branding is a confusing topic.
Many of them don’t know that there’s more to branding than just their logo and style guide.
While a logo is an important part of branding, it’s not all that there is to it.
A brand is an experience; it’s the sum of every interaction your customer has with your company and its product/services. Your brand represents what your company stands for.
It tells the story of why, how and what you do and it communicates the values, purpose and personality you have as a business. It’s what helps people find you, trust you and buy from you.
Let’s take a look at what all you need to build a strong brand:
Get to know your brand.
Before you start putting together visual elements of your brand, you need to get to know your brand.
This is done by defining your brand mission, vision, your ideal client or target audience, the personality you want to portray and the values you stand for.
Together these things help build your brand identity.
In short :- Think of your brand as a living person who has a story to tell, a mission in life, values to base decisions on and a certain type of friends to mingle with. | <urn:uuid:5283af29-8472-476a-9714-8133707c7e77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dksgroup.co.uk/the-basics-of-business-pt-2-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.944425 | 271 | 1.71875 | 2 |
14a Avenue des Champs-Montants
Tracing its roots to a workshop founded in 1860 by Edouard Heuer, TAG Heuer has a long tradition of technological innovation in precision timepieces, including stopwatches and water-resistant watches. Reflecting this heritage, the TAG Heuer brand has long been closely associated with the world of competitive sports, providing official timing services for the Olympic Games, FIS Ski World Cup, FIA Formula 1 World Championship and other major international sporting events--automobile racing, ski competitions--since the early 1900s.
TAG Heuer S.A. is one of the world's leading manufacturers of luxury and sports performance watches and other high-end and high-precision timepieces. Since 1999, the company, founded in 1860 in Switzerland's Jura mountain region, has also been the cornerstone of the LVMH luxury products empire's Watches and Jewelry Division. As part of LVMH, TAG Heuer has grown strongly in the 2000s, expanding its range beyond a traditional emphasis on sports-oriented timepieces to establish itself as a highly sought-after luxury watch brand. The company produces a variety of models, ranging in price from $600 to $15,000. TAG Heuer has long been a synonym for innovation in the watch industry, a tradition the company has continued to the present. An example of the group's commitment to innovation is its launch of a revolutionary new belt-driven mechanical movement system, featured in the Monaco V4 watch, released in 2004. In that year, also, the company released the world's first timepiece capable of 1/10,000th second timing. Traditionally sold through a limited network of retailers, TAG Heuer has launched its own boutique concept, with a first store opened in New York's SoHo in 2002. LVMH's Watches and Jewelry Division posted revenues of EUR 496 million ($560 million) in 2004.
The Paris Exhibition of 1889
The first TAG Heuer workshop was founded by Edouard Heuer in 1860 in the small St. Imier town high in the Swiss Jura mountains. While his competitors at that time concentrated on the production of luxury pocket watches, Heuer began by making a name for himself in timing devices for sports. In 1869 he patented his first stem-winding system. Heuer displayed his wares at the 1889 Paris Exhibition, which unveiled the Eiffel Tower as its main exhibit, heralding the advent of modern society, and won a silver medal for his pocket chronographs. In 1908 Heuer invented and patented the Pulso-meter dial division, still in use for medical applications, and introduced the first dashboard timer for automobiles with a journey-time indicator. Then, in 1916, Heuer laid the basis for a new and modern dimension to sport with his invention of the high precision "Micrograph," capable of measuring time to an accuracy of 1/100th of a second. The introduction of a precise timing device was considered a turning point that marked the beginning of modern sport since athletes no longer competed against one another, but against their own time records.
Heuer chronographs were used at all three Olympic Games in the 1920s. By 1930 Heuer developed its first water-resistant case, followed by a new period of emphasis on the development of the wristwatch. Continuing in its efforts toward innovative uses for timing devices, in 1949 the company patented its invention of the Mareograph chronograph, the first watch fabricated for the purpose of measuring ocean tides.
The 1960s-70s: Timekeeping in the World of Motor Sports
In the 1960s the company developed the "Carrera," a stylish chronograph sporting a high-legibility dial, named after a world-renowned motor race of the 1950s, and the "Monaco," which featured an automatic winding mechanism. Heuer's other introductions during this time included the patented "Microsplit," the first solid-state pocket-timer with a digital readout; the first miniaturized, electronic sports timer with readings down to 1/100th of a second; and a new Microsplit timer with LCD (liquid-crystal display) readout. Actor Steve McQueen wore the "Monaco" throughout the filming of Le Mans, reflecting the growing association between Heuer products and the motor sport industry. The company's prominence was evidenced by its performance as Official Timekeeper for the Scuderia Ferrari in training and races. As Official Timekeeper, the company was responsible for providing times and details such as information about top speeds, split times, and fastest laps. In 1970 Heuer equipped all of the competing sailing vessels in the American Cup sailing event with timing instruments.
Heuer also was the timekeeper at the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games and at Lake Placid. During this period the watch industry was revolutionized by the introduction of the new quartz mechanisms. Heuer introduced the first analog quartz chronograph with a 12-hour, 30-minute, and second elapsed-time register.
In a far-reaching move toward technological expansion the TAG group (Techniques d'Avant-Garde) acquired a majority stake in the Heuer company in 1985, forming TAG Heuer. Under the new management team the revitalized company almost immediately began realizing a significant rate of growth. The new company designed and produced its biggest-selling watch when it launched the S/el series, an unusual design still considered a benchmark in the sports watch sector. The new management team determined to tighten control over the brand's international distribution network to better manage its image, and they began to raise the average retail price of their products, targeting an upscale market. By 1988 the company sold more than 420,000 timepieces, significantly outperforming the Swiss watch industry.
TAG Heuer in the 1980s: Form Following Function
According to company reports, a careful philosophical criterion informs the creation of Heuer watches. In order to create the ultimate sports watch, TAG Heuer started with the premise that all its products had to be capable of high performance and reliability in extreme conditions. The brand strategy focused on the development of a well-defined product style and the implementation of distinctive centralized marketing, advertising, sponsoring, and merchandising. Heuer aimed to attract a broad cross-section of upscale consumers from around the world. It drew up a list of six design features that each of its watches would include: water resistance to 200 meters; unidirectional bezel; screw-in crown; sapphire crystal; double-security clasp; and luminous markings. Within this framework Heuer expected its designers to find different ways to add unique form. Most of its watches took two or three years to design, during which time technical feasibility studies and design work evolved cooperatively. Watches were subjected to tension and torsion tests, as well as exposure to chemicals, ultraviolet light, and extremes of temperature. State-of-the-art computer-aided design and manufacturing techniques were utilized during product development and the machining of precise tolerances.
A large part of the company's marketing strategy involved recognition as sponsors of major sporting events (its sponsorship amounted to approximately $15 million per annum), along with official recognition as professionals implementing the use of their equipment for these events. The company primarily concentrated on three sports: sailing, Formula One racing, and skiing. In Formula One TAG Heuer had been associated with the sponsorship of many great names of the sport: Niki Lauda, Emerson Fittipaldi, Jacky Ickx, Michael Schumacher, and Ayrton Senna, with an especially close association with the McLaren team since 1986 (in 1990 the McLaren team won the world title for constructors and drivers in Formula One racing with Ayrton Senna). In 1988 Heuer launched the S/el chronographs with a 1/10th-second register. In the following year the company became the Official Timekeeper at the Ski World Cup events in the United States and Canada. In skiing, the company sponsored champions such as Marc Girardelli, Harti Weirather, Helmut Hoeflehner, Pedtra Kronberger, Kristian Ghedina, and Ole K. Furuseth. Heuer created the Tag Heuer Maxi Yacht World Cup competition in tandem with the release of its 1500 and 4000 Series timepieces.
To ensure high brand recognition Heuer stressed a nontraditional form of vitality and originality in its designs as well as its advertising campaigns. Its 1995 advertising campaign, "Success. It's a Mind Game," won major advertising awards globally and emphasized the relationship between competitive sports and success. To capture the attention of buyers, the exclusive boutiques and galleries featuring TAG Heuer products tended to promote an ambiance of Modernistic minimalism that contrasted starkly with the busy cosmopolitan cityscapes. The discriminating buyer was appealed to rather than the masses. The image of museumlike showcasing presented an atmosphere of artful quality. Setting itself apart from other watch manufacturers, Heuer combined the casual image of the sports watch with the design and substance of opulence when it offered the TAG Heuer Gold Series--sports watches in 18-carat gold, featuring a sophisticated case and bezel design and a unique bracelet of more than 200 elements assembled by hand.
Initial Public Offering in 1996
The company reported that since 1988, TAG Heuer had seen its sales climb by an annual compounded growth rate of 26 percent, rising from CHF 66 million in 1988 to CHF 420 million in 1996, with gross margins rising from 42 percent to 55 percent during that same period. Free cash flow rose by 13 percent for the year. In September 1996 TAG Heuer made its initial public offering with simultaneous listings on the Swiss and New York Stock Exchanges, where it traded under the symbols "TAGN" and "THW," respectively. A large portion of the proceeds from the offering were used to reduce long-term debt for the purpose of decreasing significant future interest expenses. As of December 1996 Heuer had reduced its net debt level to $86.2 million, down from $241.0 million the previous year. The company organized a stock program providing that Heuer would purchase stock on the open market as incentive awards to key executives consisting of about 30 managers.
The company worked to strengthen its presence in geographical markets such as Japan, southeast Asia, Europe, and North America, while increasing brand awareness in areas where its products were less well known. Early in 1997 the company announced that it agreed to acquire its U.K. distributor, Duval, a company instrumental in the successful development of the Heuer brand in the United Kingdom. The purchase had the advantage of allowing Heuer to control distribution of its products in its most important European market. In July 1997 Heuer made another move toward controlling higher yields in the marketplace when it took over the distribution of its sports watches in Japan, after signing an agreement with World Commerce Corporation of Tokyo. At that time Japan represented 20 percent of Heuer's overall sales, making it one of the company's most important markets.
Approximately three quarters of Heuer's business, represented by ten key markets, came under the direct control of the company by this time. A new wholly owned subsidiary, TAG Heuer Japan K.K., was formed, which included 100 World Commerce employees and was headed by a new management team. CEO Christian Viros commented on the transaction, "This development is an extremely important step in TAG Heuer's strategy to increase its downstream integration in order to improve margins and exercise better control over distribution worldwide." He added, "Following the acquisition of our U.K. distributor in February, this transaction further consolidates TAG Heuer's potential to obtain higher returns from our key markets." Continuing in like fashion, Heuer took over the distribution of its prestige sports watches in Australia and New Zealand after signing an agreement with Swiss Time Australia Pty. Ltd., the distributor for Heuer in both countries. A new wholly owned subsidiary named TAG Heuer Australia Pty. Ltd. was formed, incorporating nine employees from the previous ownership and bringing Heuer's direct control of worldwide sales up to approximately 80 percent.
Heuer phased out watch models that were unpopular and added new models in segments such as women's watches, an area with considerable growth potential. From 1991 to 1996 the average factory price of Heuer timepieces had risen by nearly 40 percent, representing a compound annual growth rate of nearly 9 percent. Sales growth was fastest in the North American segment in 1996, accounting for one-third of the company's sales. European sales were up more than 15 percent during the same period, followed by strong performance in Spain, the Benelux countries, and Scandinavia. In its home market of Switzerland, the company also performed well. Sales were down slightly in Japan for the year because of the weakness of the Japanese yen, impacting sales in the region's duty-free outlets, and also because of inventory imbalances.
New Owner for the New Century
The company had begun cutting back on the number of retailers selling Heuer watches, with the intention of focusing on presentation solely in upscale markets. Heuer preferred to offer its watches exclusively through premium retailers in premium locations, alongside other prestigious brands. The company continued to update its product range through the design of newer models and line extensions. Most of its timepieces had been refined over the years to encompass what the company reconsidered as core features of a sports watch, namely, unidirectional turning bezel, water resistance to a depth of at least 200 meters, screw-in crown, scratch-resistant sapphire crystal, luminous hands and dial, and bracelet with a double safety clasp. The company had relaunched its classic 1964 model Heuer Carrera chronograph in 1996 and produced limited editions of high-performance specialty timepieces designed to display its technological expertise, including a limited edition platinum watch of its 6000 series. Following a two-year developmental process and the expansion of its engineering, product development, and quality control departments, Heuer released its 1997 Kirium watch series, designed by world-renowned stylist Jorg Hysek. It featured a band made of the company's patented link system that followed a uniquely rigid yet flexible bracelet design. The watch sold especially well in Germany, and especially well with women, where advertising featured German sports hero Boris Becker. The company regarded Germany, a relatively new geographical area for Heuer, as a potentially lucrative market.
Sales for 1997 dipped in Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand, Indonesia, and South Korea in large part due to the financial turmoil in those regions. Sales increased by 22 percent in North America, aided in part by the appreciation of the U.S. dollar versus the Swiss franc. Revenues in South America, Canada, the Middle East, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, and the Caribbean were also impressive, although overall total unit sales dropped by 6 percent from the previous year, which the company attributed to changes made in product mix and the move toward selling more high-end items. Lower-priced products were phased out during this time.
Heuer announced in May 1998 that consolidated net sales for the first quarter were almost identical to those of 1997, with the most promising results in Europe and the Americas. In a press release, CEO Christian Viros stated, "We are very confident that our strong growth in Europe and in the Americas, the global success of the Kirium and the planned launch of new products will enable the company to more than offset the difficult sales environment in some parts of Asia."
Heuer continued to pare down its number of retail outlets, with the goal of reducing the number of retailers carrying its models to just 1,000 worldwide. In this way, the company hoped to build TAG Heuer into a truly global, and lasting, luxury brand. As Susan Nicholas, then president of TAG Heuer USA, told Jewelers Circular Keystone: "We don't want to be so hot that tomorrow we're cold... . It's always a delicate balance of being very much in demand and not being a fad. I feel our success has been calculated. We've been on this steady march. Maybe it was a new kid on the block marching boldly with a little luck. But now we're marching as one of the new leaders. We're in the big leagues. It's a position of strength not to be abused. We'll probably never say we've made it."
TAG Heuer's international ambitions led the company to give up its prized independence in 1999, after luxury goods giant LVMH approached the company with a friendly takeover offer. By the end of that year, LVMH had bought out nearly 100 percent of the Swiss company. Under LVMH, TAG Heuer benefited from the company's extensive global presence. The association with the luxury goods group also encouraged TAG Heuer to continue in its drive to move into the more upscale watch categories, with its top-priced watch selling for some $15,000. The company also extended its range of models beyond its traditional emphasis on sports-oriented timepieces, adding watches designed to establish the brand as a fashion leader as well. As part of this effort, the company brought in a new range of celebrity sponsors, including Brad Pitt and Uma Thurman.
TAG Heuer dipped its toes into the retail market as well, opening its first boutique in New York's fashionable SoHo district. At the same time the company continued in its tradition of innovation and commitment to technological advancement. In 2004, for example, the company debuted a new professional chronometer capable of measuring within 1/10,000th of a second. At mid-decade, the company also debuted its Monaco V4 wristwatch, featuring a revolutionary new mechanical movement using miniature belts, based on an automotive transmission system. At the same time, TAG Heuer prepared its entry into the haute couture segment, launching its first full collection, including the Diamond Fiction watch, featuring nearly 900 diamonds. TAG Heuer appeared to have found the balance between its sports-oriented past and its luxury goods future.
TAG Heuer International S.A. (Luxembourg); Tag Heuer Ltd. (U.K.).
Seiko Epson Corporation; Slava Joint Stock Co.; Chayka Watch Factory Ltd.; Matrix Systems Inc.; Compagnie Financiere Richemont AG; SWATCH Group AG; Citizen Watch Company Ltd.; Diehl Stiftung and Company KG; Bulgari S.p.A.; Fossil Inc. | <urn:uuid:8e12f86a-9673-4c15-96ea-43700c1ec950> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/92/TAG-Heuer-S-A.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.958533 | 3,802 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Nauru, once one of the world's richest countries, is now considered by many to be a failed state. How did it get to this? When Jessica Bineth and Selena Shannon started looking into Nauru's past, they didn't expect to find a boy band from the '60s and a West End musical production.
Not so long ago the small nation of Nauru, the second smallest in the world, had wealth only Saudi Arabia could rival. Thanks to seagulls, who for millions of years had been taking a bathroom break on this dot in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, Nauru was raking in billions of dollars in phosphate trade.
In 1975, its peak year of trade, it amassed profits that would today amount to $2.5 billion—enough to comfortably support the entire population for generations.
Yet, just a few decades later, Nauru is broke. They rely financially on the Australian government, who prop them up in exchange for taking on asylum seekers caught trying to get to our shores by boat.
So how did Nauru go from having it all, to losing it all, in just a few decades?
Among other things, the profits were mismanaged, government corruption was rampant, and bad investments were made. They became a tax haven, put their sovereignty up for sale, and started making deals with organised crime groups.
Much of this the Nauruan public let slide, until certain investments became too ludicrous for them to ignore.
Nauru looks beyond phosphate
After enjoying a couple of decades of wealth, by the 1990s Nauru's phosphate resources were running out, as was their money. So the government started looking into creative ways to generate new income.
Duke Minks, one of their financial advisors, suggested they invest in a musical, which he co-wrote and produced. The president at the time, Bernard Dowiyogo, enthusiastically agreed to back it.
Born in the UK, Minks had once been a roadie for the one-hit-wonder pop group Unit 4 + 2, whose song Concrete and Clay knocked The Rolling Stones off the number one spot in 1965.
Despite this, Minks left the music world behind for the banking world, eventually becoming an executive of Citibank Australia, where Nauru was a major client.
But his interest in the arts never died. With his friend Tommy Moeller, the lead singer of Unit 4 + 2, Minks developed a musical about the life of Leonardo da Vinci.
Moeller, who now lives on the NSW Central Coast, says approaching the Nauruan government to fund the project was his idea.
'Duke was so well in with the Nauruans ... and because Nauru was famous for bird droppings, I thought maybe they'd like to brighten up their profile with a musical about one of the greatest brains of all time, Leonardo Da Vinci,' he says.
'I met with the president, played him a few songs, and Bob's your uncle.'
The musical funded by Nauru
Leonardo the Musical: A Portrait of Love was a musical about a torrid love affair between Da Vinci and the Mona Lisa. The storyline, Moeller says, draws on a fair amount of creative licence.
'I came up with a sort of a plot that might well have been his life ... Why wouldn't [Da Vinci] have had a bit of an affair with Mona Lisa?' he says.
'It's a bit of a love triangle, really, because she was betrothed to this sort of a bastard, this soldier, who didn't treat her very well.'
In June 1993, more than 100 Nauran dignitaries, including the president, were due to fly to London for the opening night. They almost didn't make it. As the pilot prepared for take off, people swarmed the tarmac to prevent the plane from leaving, yelling in protest and hanging onto the aircraft to try and keep it aground.
Eventually, the police arrived and cleared the runway, and the president and his staff flew off to meet Moeller and Minks for the black tie premiere.
'We had a party at the Waldorf [Hotel] and it was all very nice,' Moeller says.
'To be quite honest I don't think the Nauruans cared very much, they were just happy to be in England, their musical was having a premiere. I don't think they minded too much.'
However, the celebrations didn't last. Leonardo the Musical: A Portrait of Love was a huge flop.
The reviews were scathing—it's considered one of the biggest disasters in the history of London theatre.
It closed within a month and the Nauruan government lost what would today amount to $7 million.
While this was a petty amount compared to the money Nauru lost on other investments, it was this particular venture which most disturbed the Nauruan people.
Only a few years after that demonstration on the tarmac, Nauru had run out of money, their phosphate sources were exhausted, and their environment depleted. They had few options left to consider.
Then in 2001, just a few weeks before the Australian federal election was due to take place, a boat full of Afghans heading for Australia to seek asylum hit rough waters, and the Norwegian captain of a ship named Tampa came to their rescue.
A diplomatic dispute erupted, and Nauru put their hand up to help. | <urn:uuid:97c15472-882b-4062-97c1-005efdd6b59d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/earshot/the-secret-history-of-nauru-and-its-lost-wealth/7496620 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.985292 | 1,147 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Authors wishing to publish often find it difficult to decide which journal should they send their manuscript to, which journal is most suited for their scientific expectations.
You should consider the followings when choosing the most fitting journal:
- Do you know the journal, have you read some of its articles before? (Can you easily find articles published there in the past, is the publisher identifiable and contactable?)
- Is the review process clear and transparent?
- Is it indexed by scientific databases?
- Is it on the lists compiled by the departments of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences? (You can also check this using the search option on the MTMT website.)
- Can you find any information regarding the publication fee (article processing charge)?
- Are there any renowned researchers on the editorial board?
- If the journal is open access, is it in the DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journal) database? | <urn:uuid:91a9be27-67bf-430f-8486-ac2a0d740014> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://leveltar.elte.hu/index.php/en/research-support/for-authors/where-to-publish | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.921461 | 187 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Almost one year has passed since the tragic school shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. and a grassroots group made up of several people who lost loved ones in shooting has a new campaign to address gun violence.
Sandy Hook Promise is reaching out to parents around the country after seeing its push for federal legislation fall short in Washington and they want 500,000 people to join their effort between now and Dec. 14.
"Since its founding last December, Sandy Hook Promise has been seeking ways to bring Americans together to help prevent gun violence," said Nicole Hockley, the mother of six-year-old Dylan, who was killed at Sandy Hook Elementary. "Last year at this time, I was that mom who was deeply saddened by the violence I saw on the news, but I didn't think I could do anything to change it. But then it struck home and I knew that to honor Dylan's life, I had to get involved to prevent other parents from experiencing this grief. Through Parent Together, we will build on our common ground as parents and our love for our children to create a national community empowered to make our children safer."
Sandy Hook Promise, formed shortly after the Dec. 14 massacre of 26 people at the Sandy Hook Elementary School with the goal of turning the tragedy into a moment of transformation for a horrified nation.
"We can reset the conversation with what we have in common, rather than what our difference are, and that's how we can move this forward," said Mark Barden, who's son, Daniel, was killed at Sandy Hook.
The group announced “Make The Promise to Parent Together” on Thursday that it wants to recruit 500,000 parents to its cause in the month between now and the anniversary of the shootings. The campaign will raise awareness about programs that could be implemented locally to prevent violence.
You can watch the public service announcement here. | <urn:uuid:0d484640-da69-4a7d-b54f-036dd10db7f8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/Sandy-Hook-Group-Launches-Parent-Together-Campaign-for-Gun-Solutions--231907601.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00170-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979559 | 386 | 1.953125 | 2 |
On Thursday 10 December 2015 the European Commission will adopt its monthly infringements package. These decisions cover all Member States and most of EU policies and seek to enforce EU law across Europe in the interest of both citizens and businesses.
Article 258 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) gives the Commission the power to take legal action against a Member State that is not respecting its obligations under EU law.
There are three successive stages: Letter of formal notice, reasoned opinion and referral to the Court of Justice.
If, despite the ruling, a Member State still fails to act, the Commission may open a further infringement case under Article 260 of the TFEU. After only one written warning, Commission may refer a Member State back to the Court and it can propose that the Court imposes financial penalties based on the duration and severity on the infringement and the size of the Member State.
A comprehensive factsheet on all referrals and reasoned opinions, specific press release on each referral and a factsheet on the procedure will be available on the day in the Press Release Database.
– on all decisions please consult the infringement decisions register;
– on the general infringement procedure.
Alexander Winterstein, Uldis Šalajevs (see contact details below)
On specific infringements, please contact the Spokesperson in charge. | <urn:uuid:4ddf08f7-7219-445a-9724-71bccd804ec4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_AGENDA-15-5903_en.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00049-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.886628 | 274 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Mathematicians Rethink Approaches to Predicting Spread of COVID-19
While health and science researchers worldwide are racing to find a cure for COVID-19, Cal State Fullerton mathematicians are stepping up to do their part using the power of math modeling.
Sam Behseta and Derdei Bichara of the Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics teamed up to apply mathematical and statistical approaches to understand the spread and control of COVID-19 — and even the prediction of a second outbreak of the novel coronavirus.
“Many existing math models solely utilize data within each community for predicting the number of infections and fatalities in the future,” said Behseta, a statistician and professor of mathematics, who also directs the center.
“But these models fall short in exploring scenarios for the prevalence of the disease when the restrictions in multiple states are relaxed, and when populations within those states don’t follow the social distancing and self-protection guidelines.”
New Math Approach
Behseta and Bichara, assistant professor of mathematics whose research focuses on mathematical modeling of infectious diseases, are working on creating a new math approach for the coronavirus to gauge the effects of human behavior and mobility restrictions on the spread of the deadly disease.
“Information is one of the main weapons in fighting the disease. I hope, when it comes down to devising policies that affect all of us, our work can be useful for more informative decision-making,” Behseta said. “Dr. Bichara and I have been in this game long enough to know that no single model, or group of models for that matter, will be sufficient to fully describe the ins and outs of a pandemic of this magnitude.”
Historically, the two cultures of mathematical and statistical modeling have been detached in the context of modeling contagious diseases, Bichara explained.
“This work we’re doing brings the two realms together. The main goal, broadly speaking, is to provide decision-makers and the scientific community with yet another layer of useful information as far as understanding the dynamics of COVID-19,” Bichara said.
While their research efforts are in the early stages, the mathematicians point to the massive amount of data accumulated from pandemic records across the globe that will aid them in their work. Additionally, the center has created a COVID-19 resources website, which includes the best expert models, research by faculty from CSUF and other universities, and raw data from the U.S. and other countries.
“The information on the website can be utilized as a teaching tool for years to come,” Behseta said.
Applying Mathematical and Statistical Approaches
Behseta’s expertise in statistics includes building statistical models for biological studies. He has worked on developing models for the patterns of nerve cells in the brain and understanding the effects of temperature and soil moisture on respiratory diseases in Central California.
Bichara has published numerous research papers on the dynamics of diseases and viruses, including malaria, tuberculosis, and Ebola, Zika and HIV. His work takes into account the effects of mobility and interaction among communities, as well as the role of human behavior in the spread of the disease.
Mobility and Intrinsic Human Behavior
Long before the outbreak of the coronavirus, Bichara developed what he calls “exogenous and endogenous” parameters on the speed in which a disease can spread. In other words, with the current pandemic, exogenous variables are state-imposed restrictions, such as quarantine or shelter-in-place policies, and endogenous or self-imposed restrictions deal with an individual’s behavioral patterns with respect to social distancing or wearing masks in public.
“We are interested in how mobility and intrinsic human behavior alter or mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in our communities. As the pandemic sprung across the nation, many states issued shelter-in-place or lockdown policies, thereby limiting, and thus decreasing, the mobility of individuals in those states or counties. These are exogenous measures,” Bichara said.
“However, as states have started to open up for business, health officials have recommended wearing masks, observing social distancing and other such measures. These are what we refer to as endogenous measures because the responsibility falls on individuals to pursue them.”
Ultimately, the mathematicians’ goal is to assess the effectiveness of these endogenous and exogenous measures in reducing the level of COVID-19 disease incidences.
“This will eventually contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of the disease, as well as a clearer prediction or forecast of the future trends,” Bichara said. | <urn:uuid:25352965-14eb-4208-bdbb-3bdbfe14af01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://blog.fullerton.edu/2020/06/mathematicians-rethink-approaches-to-predicting-spread-of-covid-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.936196 | 985 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The labor market in July had some good data, some soft data, and some numbers right in the middle. The best news was that the unemployment rate dropped to 7.4 percent, the lowest since December 2008. Civilian employment, an alternative measure of jobs that includes small business start-ups, rose 227,000, helping push the jobless rate down. However, the jobless rate also dropped because of a 37,000 decline in the labor force. (Caution: Although it happened in July, a drop in the labor force is not the key behind the trend decline in the jobless rate. In the past year, the unemployment rate has dropped 0.8 points while the labor force has increased 686,000.)
The so-so data was a below-consensus 162,000 increase in payrolls — only 136,000 including revisions to prior months. Notably, the two strongest sectors were retail (+47,000) and restaurants and bars (+38,000). In the past year, retail has added more jobs than in any year since 2000; restaurants and bars more than in any year since at least 1990. This suggests employers, when possible, are hiring more part-time workers to avoid Obamacare.
The worst news in today’s report was a slight decline in total hours worked as well as in wages per hour. Still, in the past year, hours are up 2.1 percent while wages per hour are up 1.9 percent, for a 4 percent gain in total cash earnings in the past twelve months. After adjusting for inflation, these earnings are still up 2 percent from a year ago. In other words, despite July, the trend is for workers generating more purchasing power.
The labor market once again debunks the theory that the sequester is hurting the economy. Since the sequester went into effect, nonfarm payrolls are up an average of 173,000 per month versus 136,000 for the same four months (March to July) a year ago.
The big financial-market question is how the Federal Reserve will react to today’s report. We think the numbers still support the case that it will announce a tapering of its asset purchases in September. And we still expect an end to quantitative easing announced in March 2014.
Obviously, the labor market is far from perfect. What’s holding us back is the huge increase in government, particularly transfer payments, over the past several years. Despite that, entrepreneurs and workers are gritting out a recovery and the plow-horse economy keeps moving forward. | <urn:uuid:0a30b350-45d6-4468-8b21-7aac4dcfd69f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nationalreview.com/node/355041/print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00499-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96961 | 522 | 1.867188 | 2 |
INDIANAPOLIS (AP) — A federal judge ordered Indiana on Thursday to recognize the out-of-state marriage of a gay couple before one of the women dies of cancer. The decision, specific to the couple, doesn’t affect other lawsuits challenging Indiana’s ban on same-sex marriages.
U.S. District Court Judge Richard L. Young in Evansville granted the request by Niki Quasney and Amy Sandler for a temporary restraining order that forces Indiana to recognize “this particular couple’s out of state marriage,” said Paul Castillo, an attorney for the national gay rights group Lambda Legal, who represented them.
The state must recognize their marriage immediately, Castillo said. “They have to be treated as any other married couple,” he said.
Quasney said she felt grateful for the judge’s ruling.
“We are so thankful that we can move forward and concentrate on being with each other. Our time together and with our daughters is the most important thing in the world to me,” Quasney said in a statement. Sandler and Quasney, of Munster, had asked Indiana to recognize their 2013 marriage that took place in Massachusetts, one of 17 states where gay marriage is legal. Indiana does not recognize same-sex marriages performed inside or outside of the state.
Indiana Solicitor General Thomas Fisher argued that Indiana’s current law “does not allow for hardship exceptions,” attorney general’s spokesman Bryan Corbin said in a statement after the ruling.
Young’s decision doesn’t affect other lawsuits challenging Indiana’s gay marriage ban. “County clerks still are prohibited by law from issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples,” Corbin said.
Corbin said the office would not comment further until attorneys had seen the judge’s written order.
Quasney has stage 4 ovarian cancer, and the couple had argued in their complaint that the court should grant their request because “they have an urgent need to have their marriage recognized” due to Quasney’s terminal illness.
Young ordered the state to recognize their marriage in Quasney’s anticipated death certificate.
“No one can determine for sure how much time Niki has left. And it was certainly important to the couple to be recognized as married during the time she has remaining, Castillo said.
Young’s order issued Thursday lasts until May 8, and cannot be appealed. The court is expected to schedule a hearing as soon as possible on a preliminary injunction, which would last until the courts ruled on the larger issue of whether Indiana ban’s is constitutional.
Castillo said the couple sought a temporary restraining order because that process moves faster than others. “It was more of an urgency issue,” he said.
Quasney and Sandler have been together 13 years and have two daughters, ages 1 and 2, conceived through “reproductive technology” and birthed by Sandler, according to their brief. In their federal complaint, the women argued that Indiana’s marriage law “encourages and invites private bias and discrimination, including in medical settings.”
The brief argued that if the state listed Quasney as unmarried it would interfere with Sandler’s ability to take care of her partner’s affairs after her death, and to access the safety net generally available to a surviving spouse and the children of the person who has died.
“It’s a shame that it takes an end-of-life decision-making time frame like this to force these kinds of issues, because many, many gay couples face this issue all the time,” Indiana Equality Action Executive Director Rick Sutton said.
In Illinois, a same-sex couple in which one woman had cancer was the first to marry in the state after a federal judge ordered that they be granted an expedited marriage license ahead of the date when the state’s gay marriage law took effect. A subsequent judge’s ruling then paved the way for more same-sex couples to marry early in some Illinois counties. The big difference is that Illinois already had a law passed allowing gay marriage, though it had not yet gone into effect.
Although Indiana’s Legislature did not send a proposed state constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage to a referendum this year, the state already bars gay marriage under a statute defining marriage as between one man and one woman.
Follow Charles D. Wilson on Twitter: https://twitter.com/_cdwilson
Associated Press writer Summer Ballentine contributed to this report.
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | <urn:uuid:53208675-ece0-483c-9851-29cac3f9b18e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://wane.com/2014/04/10/hearing-set-for-case-on-indiana-gay-marriage-ban/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00291-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966236 | 998 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Padukka, which is part of the Avissawella electorate is situated 33 kilometers east of Colombo, the commercial capital of Sri Lanka, and on the bank of Pusweli Oya on a high ground surrounded by marshland.
The town of Padukka is thought to have been founded as a camp site by the forces of the Seethawaka Kingdom in the 16th century CE, on the banks of the Pusweli Oya (a major tributary of Kelani Ganga river), at a location where the Arukwathu Oya (stream) joins the Pusweli Oya. It was a well-protected site with marshland and hills surrounding the site. Legend says that the town got its name as it was under the "Naa"(Iron Wood) Trees in the town that the Portuguese Army rested after being defeated by the Army of King Seethawa Rajasinghe in the battle at the adjoining Hanwella Fort. It was said that the defeated Portuguese army rested there until they settled their minds. Thus in the Sinhala Language it was called "Paha Dukka" ("paha"= vanish; "dukka"= sadness), which became "Padukka" ( පාදුක්ක )later. The famous "Naa"(Iron Wood) Trees are still present at the town's rest house premises.
Padukka has also played a significant role in other wars against Portuguese occupants as an integral part of the Hewagam Korale which literally means the korale (an administrative division) that provided soldiers (hewa). According to the historical data, Sinhalese soldiers confronted the retreating Portuguese army, chased them down at the current Galagedera junction, and inflicted heavy casualties upon the Portuguese contingent.
Names of satellite villages bear testimony to the rich historical legacy of Sithawake kingdom in current Padukka area. Angampitiya which is just 4 miles from the city centre is believed to be the place where king observed the kind of martial art known as Angam Poraya. Kelimadala is believed to be the play ground of Sithawake royalty. Bope was a thick jungle according to the book Kunsthanthinu hatana( Konstantine's war) written by Alagiyawanna Mukaweti of "Subhasithaya" fame.
Moreover the area called "Legumbima",in the adjoining village, "Udumulla", had been a camp site of Portuguese Army.
Padukka can be accessed via the B240 (Sri Jayawardanapura - Padukka - Bope highway, earlier B2) highway (33 km from Colombo) or by the Kelani Valley Railway Line (take approximately 1.5hrs for the slow train ride from Colombo - distance 35 km). An alternative but comfortable drive (36 km from Colombo)is via the Colombo-Avissawella (Highlevel) road (A4 Axis) up to Galagedera junction. From here, one has to take a turn to the right and drive on Horana road to Padukka town(1.5 km). It is one of the borders of Colombo District. Horana, the next town after Padukka, belongs to Kalutara District. Homagama, Horana, Hanwella, Halbarawa and Handapangoda are the adjoining towns to Padukka. Udumulla, Meepe, Galagedera, Liyanwala, Malagala,Yatawatura,Beliaththawila, Kahawala, Menerigama, Poregedara, Kotigamgoda, Bope, Arukwatta, Weragala, Angampitiya, Pitumpe, Uggalla, Wewelpanawa,Diddeniya, Udagama, Dambora, Panaluwa, Angamuwa, Meeriyagalla, Mawathagama, Galkaduwa, Koshena, Watareka, Daampe, Horagala-East, Horagala-West, Kurugala and Madulawa are main satellite villages scattered around Padukka.
Public Transport - Bus
|125||Colombo(Pettah)||Meegoda, Godagama, Homagama, Maharagama, Nugegoda, Kirulapona, Havelock Road.|
|239||Waga (Irida pola)||Meepe, Pitumpe, Pinnawala|
|239/1||Avissawella||Bope, Dambora, Thummodara, Pangngagula, Puwakpitiya|
|282||Horana / Yatawathura||Malagala|
|315||Meepe - Horana||Moragahahena|
|239/2||Udagama / Madakada||Bope|
|366/1||Madulawa / Halbarawa||Kurugala|
Public Transport - Train
- kelaniweli railway line
|Colombo Fort(Pettah)||Padukka||Kirulapone, Nugegoda, Maharagama, Kottawa, Homagama, Meegoda||37.2 km|
|Awissawella||Padukka||Puwakpitiya, Kosgama, Waga, Angampitiya||24 km|
Tarin Time schedule - http://eservices.railway.gov.lk/schedule/homeAction.action?lang=en
The development of Padukka as an urban center began with the building of a road from Colombo to Ingiriya in the 19th century and the opening of the interior forests with the spreading of rubber, tea, cinnamon and coconut plantations. The building of the Kelani valley railway in 1902, which ran from Colombo to Yatiyantota and Ratnapura passing Padukka and Avissawella, also contributed greatly to the growth of the city. In 1871, when the first census in the country was done, the town's population stood at 400.
With rapid urbanization in the country, Padukka and its surrounding villages have started to expand vastly. As a result, the government has carved out a separate divisional secretariat division for Padukka from the Hanwella division to which it previously belonged. Padukka city has become the main administrative centre of this divisional secretariat whose current population stands at 54395
Padukka is predominantly a Sinhalese area, with 95% of the population being Sinhalese. Tamils (both Sri Lankan and Indian) comprise 2.5% while Sri Lankan Moors are also present. 1405 people live in the estate sector in the division. Religious composition is also similar to racial distribution with 95% Buddhists, 1.9% Hindus, 1.1% Christians and 1.7% Muslims.
The number of housing units in the Padukka division, according to the census data of 2001, is 15010 while total number of building units including government buildings is 17065.
The Padukka city, which was once administered by the Padukka—Waga Village Council is now run by the Seethawaka Pradeshiya Sabha (Divisional Council). Notable government institutions in Padukka include:
- Divisional Secretariat
- Police Station
- Government Hospital
- Rest House
- Railway Station
- Siri Piyaratana Central College
The office of the Medical Officer of Health (MOH) the main preventive medicine centre for public health activities in the region is situated on Horana Road in Padukka town. This MOH office has a unique history having dated back to British colonial era. The Padukka hospital also has a long history in the Sri Lankan medical system.
There is a monumental gas lamp placed in the center of the town to commemorate the peace treaty ending World War I in 1919. Padukka also has a splendid Rest House run by the Sri Lanka Tourist Board and also a few Guest Houses.
Two out of three Satellite Earth Stations in Sri Lanka are also situated in Padukka. Today Padukka is also famous for having a number of rubber estates while there are substantial amounts of graphite deposits in and around the area. The highest mountain in the Colombo district, Udagama Kanda (1492 ft) lies near Padukka.
Newly built Padukka Sathi Pola (weekly fair) opened in 2014 at town itself. Branches of Bank of Ceylon, People's Bank, Hatton National Bank, Commercial Bank & Sampath Bank are situated at Padukka. | <urn:uuid:5d8216d2-2f6c-4a1c-b75e-f43bde416ecb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padukka | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00337-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91077 | 1,862 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Beyoncé will record a new version of the song “Heated” from her recent album “Renaissance”. It was reported by the BBC, citing representatives of the artist. The reason will be criticism from the community of people with disabilities.
Listeners were outraged by a line from the track in which the singer uses the expression spazzin’ on that ass. It means “to go crazy”, and the word spazz comes from the name of the disease – spastic cerebral palsy.
In the UK, spazz is often used to ridicule or humiliate people with cerebral palsy. According to Beyoncé’s representatives, the word has other meanings in the U.S., in light of which the singer used it in the song.
“It was not used intentionally to cause harm,” the artist’s team said. Nevertheless, Beyoncé intends to change the lyrics so as not to offend fans. It is not known when it will be done.
Earlier, another performer, Lizzo, was subjected to similar criticism. She also used the word spazz in the song “Grrrls”. Lizzo re-released the track and apologized, saying she understood the power of the words.
What is ableist
Ableism is discrimination against people with disabilities and developmental disabilities, as well as the creation and dissemination of stereotypes about them. Ableism has many manifestations, sometimes not the most obvious ones. Most often, the targets of discrimination are people with disabilities, in particular with disorders of the musculoskeletal system or mental development. But in a broader sense, everyone can suffer from eiblism if their health makes it difficult for them to do certain things that are elementary for an ordinary person. For example, a depressed person may have difficulty even getting out of bed and tidying up, while a sociophobe may have difficulty asking for directions or going to a job interview. | <urn:uuid:64231d2b-f120-4c0a-b5cf-5d8dc5fbcd10> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.orbita.news/en/people/beyonce-offensive-lyrics-ableist-language/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.970595 | 409 | 2.0625 | 2 |
- Citado por SciELO
- Similares en SciELO
versión On-line ISSN 1870-9044
Polibits no.43 México ene./jun. 2011
A Graphbased Approach to Crosslanguage Multidocument Summarization
Florian Boudin1, Stéphane Huet1, and JuanManuel TorresMoreno2
1 Universite d'Avignon, France.
2 Universite d'Avignon, France; Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Canada; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico (email: firstname.lastname@example.org).
Manuscript received November 9, 2010.
Manuscript accepted for publication January 15, 2011.
Crosslanguage summarization is the task of generating a summary in a language different from the language of the source documents. In this paper, we propose a graphbased approach to multidocument summarization that integrates machine translation quality scores in the sentence extraction process. We evaluate our method on a manually translated subset of the DUC 2004 evaluation campaign. Results indicate that our approach improves the readability of the generated summaries without degrading their informativity.
Key words: Graphbased approach, crosslanguage multidocument summarization.
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S. Raybaud, D. Langlois, and K. Smaili, "Efficient combination of confidence measures for machine translation," in Proceedings of Interspeech 2009 conference, Brighton, UK, 2009, pp. 424427. [ Links ]
L. Specia, N. Cancedda, M. Dymetman, M. Turchi, and N. Cristianini, "Estimating the sentencelevel quality of machine translation systems," in Proceedings of EAMT 2009 conference, Barcelona, Spain, 2009, pp. 2835. [ Links ]
C. B. Quirk, "Training a sentencelevel machine translation confidence measure," in Proceedings of LREC 2004 conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 2004, pp. 825828. [ Links ]
D. Radev, H. Jing, M. Sty, and D. Tam, "Centroidbased summarization of multiple documents," Information Processing & Management, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 919938, 2004. [ Links ]
K.F. Wong, M. Wu, and W. Li, "Extractive summarization using supervised and semisupervised learning," in Proceedings of Coling 2008 conference, Manchester, UK, 2008, pp. 985992. [Online]. Available: http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C081124. [ Links ]
R. Barzilay, K. R. McKeown, and M. Elhadad, "Information fusion in the context of multidocument summarization," in Proceedings of ACL 1999 conference, College Park, MD, USA, 1999, pp. 550557. [Online]. Available: http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P991071. [ Links ]
G. Erkan and D. Radev, "LexRank: Graphbased lexical centrality as salience in text summarization," JAIR, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 457479, 2004. [ Links ]
R. Mihalcea, "Graphbased ranking algorithms for sentence extraction, applied to text summarization," in Proceedings of ACL 2004 conference, Barcelona, Spain, July 2004, pp. 170173. [ Links ]
R. Mihalcea and P. Tarau, "A language independent algorithm for single and multiple document summarization," in Proceedings of IJCNLP 2005 conference, vol. 5, Jeju Island, South Korea, 2005. [ Links ]
C. Orasan and O. A. Chiorean, "Evaluation of a crosslingual romanianenglish multidocument summariser," in Proceedings of LREC 2008 conference, Marrakech, Morocco, 2008. [Online]. Available: http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/papers/539_paper.pdf. [ Links ]
J. Carbonell and J. Goldstein, "The use of MMR, diversitybased reranking for reordering documents and producing summaries," in Proceedings of SIGIR 1998 conference. ACM, 1998, pp. 335336. [ Links ]
X. Wan, H. Li, and J. Xiao, "Crosslanguage document summarization based on machine translation quality prediction," in Proceedings of ACL 2010 conference, Uppsala, Sweden, 2010, pp. 917926. [Online]. Available: http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P101094. [ Links ]
T. Kiss and J. Strunk, "Unsupervised multilingual sentence boundary detection," Computational Linguistics, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 485525, 2006. [ Links ]
S. Bird and E. Loper, "Nltk: The natural language toolkit," in Proceedings of ACL 2004 conference, Barcelona, Spain, 2004, pp. 214217. [ Links ]
C. CallisonBurch, P. Koehn, C. Monz, K. Peterson, M. Przybocki, and O. Zaidan, "Findings of the 2010 joint workshop on statistical machine translation and metrics for machine translation," in Proceedings of the Joint 5th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation and MetricsMATR (WMT), Uppsala, Sweden, 2010, pp. 1753. [Online]. Available: http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W101703. [ Links ]
G. Doddington, "Automatic evaluation of machine translation quality using ngram cooccurrence statistics," in Proceedings of HLT 2002 conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 2002, pp. 138145. [ Links ]
L. Page, S. Brin, R. Motwani, and T. Winograd, "The pagerank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web," Stanford Digital Library Technologies Project, Tech. Rep., 1998. [ Links ]
P. Genest, G. Lapalme, L. Nerima, and E. Wehrli, "A symbolic summarizer with 2 steps of sentence selection for tac 2009," in Proceedings of TAC 2009 Workshop, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 2009. [ Links ]
C.Y. Lin, "Rouge: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries," in Text Summarization Branches Out: Proceedings ofACL04 Workshop, S. S. MarieFrancine Moens, Ed., Barcelona, Spain, 2004, pp. 7481. [ Links ] | <urn:uuid:84370fd7-00b6-4a9f-9fe8-74da3c22be3f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1870-90442011000100016&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00071-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.738801 | 1,574 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Wine history defines cultural territories, united by shared traditions and viticultural landscapes, that transcend political and economic borders. This could certainly be said of the European regions in North-Eastern Spain and the South of France where Garnacha (a.k.a. Grenache) has its historical and spiritual home in Europe, where also nearly 93 % of the world’s Garnacha/Grenache vines are planted. Although European Garnacha/Grenache is now one of the world’s most widely planted grape varieties, its origin can be traced back to this corner of the Mediterranean where it remains at the core of the regions’ identity.
With 14 PDOs and 3 PGIs among Roussillon Geographical Indications and five Spanish Protected Designations of Origin (DO Calatayud, DO Campo de Borja, DO Cariñena, DO Somontano and DO Terra Alta), they all have now joined forces together with European Union AGRIP funds to promote the variety highlighting full potential is best harnessed in its European birthplace. Although only a handful of vines survived the terrible phylloxera blight in the late 19th century, Europe is where some of the world’s oldest Garnacha/Grenache plants can be found, resulting on low yields, fruits of incredible concentration and complexity, with the deep roots established on poor and dry soils, allowing terroir to truly come through in each bottle.
As part of the European Union campaign to promote high quality agricultural products, European Garnacha/Grenache Quality Wines carry guarantee of their provenance and quality, with their regional names, characteristics and products protected by EU Geographical Indications quality schemes (Protected Designation of Origin, PDO and Protected Geographical Indication, PGI) that ensure excellent quality and produced under European production standards (safety, traceability, authenticity, labelling, nutritional and health aspects, animal welfare, respect for the environment and sustainability, as well as the characteristics of EU agricultural and food products, particularly in terms of their quality, taste, diversity or traditions; among others).
European Garnacha/Grenache’s versatility and expressiveness lends itself to a variety of terroirs and winemaking approaches, delivering diverse results: from sparkling to still (whites, rosés or red; either light or full bodied) and even fortified sweets wines, enabling multiple food pairing possibilities. Highly sensitive to variations in growing conditions, the variety requires winemakers attuned to how European Garnacha/Grenache, from each given terroir and vintage, can be best interpreted and handled. An art that winemakers in Mediterranean Europe have mastered, building upon centuries of knowledge passed on from one generation to the next.
This joint venture of Spanish and French producers is a tribute to this European legacy, as well as a shared commitment to promote terroir-led expressions of European Garnacha/Grenache, invest in the best viticultural and winemaking practices, and work with a focus on quality and sustainability. The variety’s resilience and adaptiveness, especially when grown on the terroirs where it historically was born and developed, in fact make it particularly suited to face the challenges of erosion, drought and climate change.
Join us on a journey of discovery across the European landscapes where Garnacha/Grenache was born and continues to thrive. Each wine will tell a fascinating story of tradition, history and craft.
Discover more about European Garnacha/Grenache here
All rights reserved by Future plc. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of Decanter.
Only Official Media Partners (see About us) of DecanterChina.com may republish part of the content from the site without prior permission under strict Terms & Conditions. Contact firstname.lastname@example.org to learn about how to become an Official Media Partner of DecanterChina.com. | <urn:uuid:3befe4d4-3110-412f-88dd-fc4cb028c806> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.decanterchina.com/en/promotion/garnacha-grenache-one-european-grape-endless-possibilities | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.923007 | 829 | 2.640625 | 3 |
India’s economy is growing tremendously, and major credit for this goes to the Indian startups who are making revolutionary strides all over the globe. In 2019, the Economic Times published an article about the growth in the global incubators and accelerators in India, wherein the Y Combinator is increasing its India intake. Moreover, Techstarts and Entrepreneur First have rolled out programs for India as well.
Added to the international acclaim and support Indian startups receive, the Government of India has launched multiple programs and schemes that small scale industries can leverage from.
That being said, despite getting all the support from multiple organizations, entrepreneurs still face multiple issues throughout their journey. After all, ironically, all problems aren’t always money-related. If not solved, no matter how small, these issues have the power to make or break the entire venture.
In this article, we have identified and listed the top nine challenges that most entrepreneurs face, along with some simple solutions that could help you overcome them and make your business reach new heights of success.
Dealing With The Unknown
It’s a common notion that no business is the same. You may have similar ideas, business plans, and funding, but each entrepreneur faces a unique journey. Hence, preparing for the challenges to come is close to impossible. You never know when there will be a drop in the demand, or when a competitor will release a better product than yours. This is the most common challenge every entrepreneur faces.
While you can’t be pre-prepared for every situation or problem that comes your way, you can study the journey of other entrepreneurs. There are many unique solutions that people have used to tackle a host of issues that can inspire you to come up with an answer to your problem as well. Direct or indirect, there are multiple lessons you can learn by observing the journey of other successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs.
But first, you have to remember to stay calm. Dealing with the unknown often brings along another serious challenge; anxiety.
Stress and anxiety often lead people to make hasty decisions that aren’t always the best. Running a business isn’t easy. You have to take care of a host of different things, right from finance and running a team to coordinating with clients and sales. This can be overwhelming and lead to stress.
In such situations, you need to remember to stay calm. Yoga and meditation have proven to be useful to many business people as it gives them a few minutes of peace among the chaos. Additionally, you need to maintain a healthy lifestyle; after all, your company cannot bear the risk of you being unwell.
Another factor that adds to anxiety is the fear of failing.
The Fear of Failure
At some point, every entrepreneur faces the fear of failure. It could either creep up in the early stages while setting up the business or during a dry phase years later.
While this fear is inevitable, you need to push through and focus on your vision. In such times, invest your energy to chalk up a new plan on how you can boost your business. Rely on the initial passion that drove you to indulge in this venture and focus on motivating your employees to work harder and believe in the company. Their belief will inspire you to believe again.
Every successful company needs a team of skilled, driven and passionate individuals who believe in the company’s mission and vision as much as you do. To build this team and keep them motivated, you need to step in and build this team. However, it’s easier said than done, isn’t it? Finding people who are as invested as you are in the business is not easy. Moreover, finding skilled people who fit your budget is no easy feat either.
In such times, you need to get creative. Find young individuals who have just graduated. Invest some time in training them. Not only will they be skilled, but they will also be loyal to you. Moreover, you need to treat your team with respect and make them feel that they are an integral part of the organization. If you make them feel that the company is theirs, they will give their all in ensuring your company is successful.
Client deadlines, paying out salaries on time, attending meetings, and giving sales pitches, there are so many activities that need you to work with tight deadlines. Missing even one deadline can hamper your brand name or even cause you to lose a client. In such cases, time management becomes crucial. Create a planner and fill it on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. And most importantly, prioritize your work and say no whenever needed.
This brings us to the next challenge that is closely related to time-bound working; donning different hats.
Donning Different Hats
There are so many different tasks that need to take care of as an entrepreneur. You need to work as a salesman, manager, coordinator, and depending on your size, sometimes even as an administrator. From the smallest thing as the net not working to a client escalation, you need to take care of it all. This causes you to lose track of the most important tasks and focus your efforts on less priority work.
To tackle such challenges, you need to learn how to outsource your work. You must build a strong team and outsource the fewer priority tasks so you can focus on the work that requires your attention and skill.
Another reason why you need to outsource your work is to ensure you can maintain a healthy work-life balance.
Due to the amount of work that comes with running a business, you can often lose track of time and end up overworking yourself. Yes, all those late nights, sleeping in the office, missing out important celebrations to get more work done is extremely unhealthy. The challenge is that most entrepreneurs don’t even realize that they are burning themselves out.
To tackle this, you should know how to separate your personal and professional life. Love your business, but don’t let it dominate over your life. Keep specific times when you will work and ensure you adhere to those timelines.
Be it traveling to a different state or country, or just taking a cab down the road for a client meeting, entrepreneurs often underestimate the cost of traveling. When it eventually comes to maintaining the finances, costs start to mount up for traveling without any budget set aside.
Hence, it’s crucial for you to always set a monthly or yearly budget for business travel and stick to it. Also, only go on a business trip or outing when it’s essential. At the other times, you can make use of modern technology like Skype or Google Hangouts.
Issues in financial management aren’t just limited to travel. A chair in the office broke down, or a new laptop is needed, there is always an unexpected expense while running a business that can completely ruin your budgeting.
In such cases, it’s always recommended to set aside a particular amount of cost in the budget for such expenses. Moreover, before agreeing to spend on every expense, assess how important it is and only then shell out the money.
While these aren’t the only challenges, we have identified these nine as the most common challenges faced by up and coming business people. There’s no guarantee that one solution will fit every business. You need to gauge the situation and then analyze what will work best. Just remember that this is the journey of your life, so ensure you enjoy it!
Also read – List of 15 Successful Indian entrepreneurs0 | <urn:uuid:e99eba24-12f2-4be7-a0b0-3d0e1bea1bea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.themoneygig.com/9-issues-every-entrepreneur-faces-and-solutions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.952995 | 1,568 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Helping You Solve TMJ Pain
Some 10 million people suffer from some form of TMJ Disorder: from clicking or popping whenever they yawn, to intense migraine-like pain in the area around their ears. The temporomandibular joint is the hinge between your jaw and skull. The bone and muscles permit your jaw to move—not just up and down, but left and right, in and out. This kind of complexity is what makes TMJ Disorder so common, and often so difficult to diagnose.
Modern dentistry has a whole array of TMJ responses—so your first response should be to make an appointment.
For some people, the answer may be a custom-fitted mouth guard to keep them from grinding in their sleep. There are even battery-powered sensing devices that can be worn at night to alert you when grinding occurs. Another plug-in device helps eliminate spasms and pain by applying moist heat to the source of the pain for several minutes at a time.
If the problem stems from tooth alignment, orthodontic treatment can relieve the stress. Physical therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, and stress management are all possibilities.
The key, as always, is identifying the problem and then finding the response that works best for you. Contact us today if you have unexplained jaw pain or chronic headaches possibly associated with TMJ disorder.
Possible Causes of TMJ Disorder
- Nighttime tooth grinding (bruxism)
- Malocclusion (improper bite alignment)
- Poor head/shoulder posture, causing tension in neck and jaw muscles
- Arthritis in the joint
- Damaged jawbone/ joint structure
- Pinched nerve | <urn:uuid:da2d038e-1ddb-451e-a47c-455d9be917c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tracydentalexcellence.com/blog/do-you-have-tmj-pain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.944415 | 348 | 2.390625 | 2 |
As the New Year kicks off, many Americans, for various reasons that may include debt, marriage and children, are contemplating the different life insurance types available for purchase to protect their loved ones. To answer some of the questions that may come up, we are going to provide you with a primer on the life insurance types available in 2016 to help you decide.
Far too many people are daunted by the process or overestimate the cost of purchasing life insurance.
That should never discourage you from making inquiries and protecting your family with a policy that covers the worst possible scenarios. Many Americans who do own some form of life insurance are underinsured! It’s important to make an informed decision.
Quick Guide to the Life Insurance Types Available in 2016
- Reasons to Use an Independent Agent
- Life Insurance Types
- Term Life Insurance
- Permanent Life Insurance
- Whole Life Insurance
- Universal Life Insurance
- No-Exam Life Insurance
- Life Insurance Riders
Knowing the details of the different life insurance types available in 2016 and what each option will cost, is the first step to fully understanding your needs. Price may vary dramatically. This is why you should always use the services of an independent life insurance agent. Agents at Huntley Wealth are here to help you with the selection and buying process.
An independent agent can properly evaluate your needs both now and down the road. Independent agents know which life insurance companies in 2016 offer the most affordable and suitable policy for YOUR needs, because “one size does not fit all” when it comes to buying life insurance.
There are the 3 basic life insurance types:
• Term Life Insurance
• Permanent Life Insurance
• No-Exam Life Insurance
Most people know or have heard of Term Life Insurance. It’s the most basic and affordable because it pays death benefits only.
Essentially, you have to decide how much coverage you need for death benefits which can range from $100,000 (or lower) to $5 million plus. Uses for death benefits include:
• Income Replacement
• Personal Debt Repayment
• Business Purposes
• Mortgage or Rent Payment
• Funeral and Burial Expenses
The second thing you need to decide is how long you will need the life insurance for. Terms may be bought for as little as 1 year to cover business loans for example, or you may purchase a term for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30 years.
A few companies will even sell policies which are age specific, such age 55 or 65 for example.
There is one catch. If your policy is about to expire, and you need to renew it, the premium will cost you a lot more than when you originally bought it. Re-evaluation is based on your current age and health. Luckily, there are term policies which cover these issues.
The majority of Americans should consider Term over Permanent life insurance as it is the most suitable for the majority of people who need life insurance. Most people would be better off buying Term and investing the money they would save making payments on a permanent life insurance policy.
One thing many people may not know about Term insurance is that there are actually 5 different types of Term policies to choose from:
- Level Term Insurance – This is the most common type of life insurance policy people are buying in 2016. This simply means that your death benefits remain the same throughout the life of the policy and the premiums you pay are generally fixed. Make sure you enquire about this as some insurers do sell policies where premiums may increase.
- Decreasing Term Life Insurance – With this type of policy, the death benefits decrease at various and designated time increments throughout the life of the policy, but the premiums you pay remain the same. Many people use this type of policy to cover their mortgage.
- Increasing Term Life Insurance – Very few companies offer these policies but they may be beneficial for young families on a tight budget. With this policy, the death benefits “increase” at various time increments. Generally, you would also see a corresponding increase in your premiums.
- Convertible Term Life Insurance – This is a feature which may be convenient down the road when you need to renew your policy and your health has declined. The conversion feature allows you to convert to a Permanent policy such as Whole Life or Universal Life without having to take a medical exam so you can continue with your coverage. Keep in mind that you must decide to convert before the date specified which may vary from insurer to insurer.
- Renewable Term Life Insurance – This is a form of term insurance which allows you to automatically renew the term you bought on your policy before it expires. You can do so regardless of your health, but you will be paying a higher premium as you will be rated according to your current age when you renew.
It is vital that you choose adequate death benefits and the length of term carefully. You should look past your current situation to take into account the cost of inflation and what your earning power and future debts might look like in 20 or 30 years.
Permanent life insurance is much more expensive than term insurance for the following reasons:
• Coverage is for life, eliminating the need to renew the policy
• Provides death benefits
• Cash value accumulation feature which builds up over the life of the policy
• Allows you to borrow against the policy
• Allows you to surrender the policy
Permanent life insurance is more expensive because of the cash value accumulation feature and can easily cost 10 times
more than what you would pay for a term policy. The cash value accumulation feature allows the insurer to take a portion of the premium for investment purposes, so you earn interest which builds over time.
There are also a number of administrative fees built into the premiums because of the cash value accumulation feature. Most of your premiums in the first 10 – 15 years are used to cover the death benefits and fees. It actually takes quite awhile before you really enjoy the benefits of cash value accumulation.
Permanent policies are more suitable for those with estates or who are in the higher income brackets, rather than the average American.
There are 2 basic types of Permanent Life Insurance;
• Whole Life Insurance
• Universal Life Insurance
There are a number of hybrid variations of Whole life insurance and they vary from insurer to insurer. Whole life is considered the most rigid type of permanent life insurance, as the insured has few or no options when it comes to altering death benefits, premiums or the cash value accumulation feature. Most policies simply lock you in for the duration.
Some of the Whole policy options you may consider are:
• Straight Whole Life
• Level Premium Whole Life
• Continuous Premium Whole Life
• Whole Life Joint
• Whole Life Survivor
Whole Life also comes as:
• Participating Whole Life – Where you are provided with a few select limited options regarding the investment portion
• Non-Participating Whole Life – No options are provided.
As this product is quite complicated, you should consult an experienced independent life insurance agent to discuss the pros and cons of each option.
• How premiums are paid
• The death benefits, and
• How the investment portion is managed
Like Whole Life, there are also many hybrid forms of this product which vary from insurer to insurer.
There are generally 3 types of Universal life including:
• Standard Universal Life
• Indexed Universal Life
• Variable Universal Life
As this product is somewhat complicated, it is best discussed with an experienced independent life insurance agent to consider the pros and cons of each product.
No-exam life insurance is convenient but can cost as much as 3 times more than what your would pay for an equivalent Term policy which does require an exam.
Although you might be able to avoid having to take a medical exam, many insurers will require a brief phone questionnaire, or might review the Medical or Rx database before they will approve your application.
Costs of some life policies soar if you try to buy it without a checkup. As when applying for bank loans, employment or any membership, purchasing life insurance requires the individual to meet certain requirements. Certain types of life coverage may require you have perfect health at the policy’s issuance to ensure you’re not trying to cash in on your imminent sickness or death. No Exam Insurance Realities, Jeff Rose, Nasdaq
If you are young and healthy, you should avoid these policies as they are best suited for those that:
• Need life insurance quickly to cover a business loan
• Have health issues
The maximum amount of death benefits offered by insurers are generally much lower than what you could get for term policies, although there is one insurer which offers no-medical benefits up to $1 million dollars. Typically, maximum death benefits range from $50,000 – $350,000.
There are also 6 variations of these policies, and they are best suited for specific circumstances and particular individual needs. The types of available no-exam policies include:
• Simplified Issue Term Life Insurance
• Simplified Issue Universal Life (UL)
• Graded Benefit Whole Life
• Rapid Decision Senior Whole Life
• Level Death Benefit Whole Life
• Guaranteed Issue or “GI” policies
These are all different types of no-exam policies and the cost and coverage can vary significantly. Always discuss your needs and situation with an independent agent before you buy, as those companies which advertise on the television or online are not especially clear about they are selling.
Any type of life insurance policy you buy may be supplemented with additional or more comprehensive coverage through purchasing a life insurance rider. These are a separate premium placed on top of what you would pay for a life insurance policy. They also vary from insurer to insurer so choose carefully.
Some of the riders available include:
• Return of Premium (for term policies only)
• Waiver of Premium
• Critical Illness Rider
• Disability Income Rider
• Guaranteed Insurability Rider
• Accelerated Death Rider
• Accidental Death Benefit Rider
• Child Protection Rider
How to Buy Life Insurance 2016
We cannot stress enough that life insurance is a long term financial investment. Choosing the right product at the most affordable possible price is best achieved through using the services of an independent life insurance agent, such as those at Huntley Wealth.
Independent agents have access to multiple companies. We know which insurers are the most lenient when it comes to particular health issues.
The companies who offered the best deals for diabetics or people with a history of cancer or stroke, for example in 2014 and 2015, change seemingly every year, so you want to be sure to let an agent compare companies in 2016 and shop for the best rates for you.
Call us today at 877 – 443 – 9467 if you think you need life insurance because we can help!
Get My New Guide
5 Insider Tips for Massive Life Insurance Savings
Join thousands of Huntley Wealth fans who receive exclusive personal finance & lifestyle hacks | <urn:uuid:d820ca8c-20dd-4df2-bc94-60a89909ce01> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.insuranceblogbychris.com/types-of-life-insurance-2016/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00015-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93771 | 2,248 | 1.539063 | 2 |
By Kyle Billings from Berklee College of Music's Music Business Journal.
Information is changing the music industry; not only in the ways we consume and discover music, but as well in the ways companies are arming themselves for competition. Streaming services see gold in the figures that fuel recommendation algorithms, and now content companies, driven too by the alluring growth of digital tech, are proudly announcing their latest partnerships with leading software-as-a-service companies and the terabytes of social data multiplying on their servers.
The future of music discovery—and potentially, of artist development—is now in the numbers.
Algorithms are the most influential development in music discovery since the mixtape. Spotify, iTunes, Last.fm, Pandora, Amazon, and YouTube are a fraction of the innumerable services running numbers to build playlists and suggest music to fit moods and tastes. Active listeners can explore similar artists and delve deep into niche genres, while passive listeners can launch endless playlists with a single click. As competition spreads the streaming industry thin, robust recommendations are a desired commodity.
The Echo Nest, an MIT startup from Cambridge, MA, has become the preeminent provider of musical data since its founding in 2005. Empowered by both public grants and venture capital funding, the company’s computer scientists comb the Internet, building arrays of tempo, key, acoustic features, and other aural imprints. As of February of 2014, The Echo Nest boasted nearly 1.2 trillion data points about the songs in its library, yielding the most comprehensive “musical brain” of its kind.
The Echo Nest was originally founded to act as a reference for hundreds of companies, apps, and websites, giving both nascent and established developers the intelligence to build dynamic musical experiences. It has triumphed through multiple rounds of financing, raising a total of $25.6M. Early in March, moreover, the Swedish streaming platform Spotify purchased “The Nest” for between $100M to $125M—the majority being in equity1.
The Echo Nest thrived on neutrality; the “musical brain” grew and gained support as a central database for music intelligence. Spotify’s acquisition will undeniably affect its reputation as the go-to music data API. While many of The Echo Nest’s clients have yet to publically react, the streaming service Rdio has announced the end of its relationship with the company, opting to work more closely with Rovi, an alternate data provider2. Several hopefuls are now eyeing the vacancy including Musikki and OpenAura. Joao Afonso, CEO and co-founder of Musikki, assures that “Spotify competitors won’t have to wait long for a complete solution3.”
Now, with the most advanced database of musical knowledge at its fingertips, and a newly established credit line of $200M, Spotify is likely approaching an IPO. Three years after its US launch, going public is a major milestone.
Data and Content Creation
Can the algorithms that power music discovery on streaming services be adjusted to spot undiscovered hits? In the same way that Spotify searches for the perfect song to energize athletes, can equations identify artists at the earliest stages of their potential? The question is keeping top minds in the music industry awake.
At South by Southwest, a computer called Watson applied inductive reasoning to solve what is now termed a ‘computational creativity’ problem. By combing through a database of recipes, flavors, and meal reactions, Watson was able to create foods that excited people. Similarly, with an encyclopedia of genres, instruments, lyrics, social reactions, and locations, the next world-renowned act could be the output of an ingenious collaborative filtering program.
300 Entertainment Takes to Twitter
In his keynote speech during 2014 MIDEM conference in Cannes, France, Lyor Cohen—former executive of Def Jam and Warner Music—announced a partnership between his new company, 300 Entertainment, and the newly public social media network, Twitter. The agreement allows 300 to analyze Twitter’s data to inform the production of software tools, and to identify trends that may optimize the A&R process.
Musicians and Twitter have long been linked. In April of 2013, the relationship yielded Twitter #Music, a stand-alone music discovery application with strong intentions but an unfortunate fate (there were few adopters). With its latest partnership, Twitter aims to make an impact where #Music fell short. Twitter’s head of music, Bob “Moz” Moczydlowsky hopes to “[build]… something that everybody in the music business can benefit from” by leveraging a dedicated music data set to create advanced A&R and targeted marketing tools that will teach the industry how to “best invest in artists or… direct their marketing campaigns.”
As Twitter gains a redemptive shot in the music industry, 300 Entertainment is looking to access an ideal data set. “The noise of the Internet has drowned out the voices [that matter],” Cohen believes, “wouldn’t it be great if technology today moved past that noise instead of trying to understand it?” In his perspective, the searing individualism that once marked music’s most influential fans has been extinguished by the mass democracy of YouTube views and Facebook likes. If the industry considered all 1s and 0s equally, music would screech to a halt of stylistic stagnancy.
Cohen is positioning 300 to identify the few; he is searching for the same early adopters that snuck out at night to see shows during his earlier years as a record executive. Could there be, for instance, someone in Chicago who, when she tweets, makes a meaningful impact on the exposure of an artist? If so, that is what Cohen would be looking for. He is not interested in what he calls the ‘massive-passive’ audience of today.
Warner Music Links Up With Shazam
Lyor Cohen is not alone in his quest. Hot off the tails of 300’s announced partnership with Twitter, Warner Music linked up with Shazam—a popular mobile application that listens to and identifies music playing nearby its users. Rob Wiesenthal of Warner says that “by partnering with Shazam, a brand which is synonymous with music discovery for fans all around the world, we have forged a potent proposition: the first crowd-sourced, big data record label.”
In any given minute, Shazam is processing over 10,000 songs. Their swelling database, used as a tool by Warner’s tried-and-tested A&R team, will be leveraged to catch unsigned artists right as their popularity begins to surge. Few listeners need to scan hit songs; Shazam is designed as the go-to app for music lovers as they hear something new that catches their ear. Warner is rightly excited by this fact.
“There’s so much information that we’ve never had before as an industry, and Shazam is at the forefront of that,” Wiesenthal said. As Shazam’s 88 million users scan songs they like, a geographical map of music is formed, defining not only what music is on the rise, but also when and where these songs are heard.
Like Twitter, Shazam stands to benefit from its music industry relationship. The app aims to improve user experiences by integrating artist promotion directly into the software, not unlike Bruno Mar’s performance at the Super Bowl or Wiz Khalifa’s release of “We Dem Boyz.” Shazam CEO Rich Riley envisions the application as “the place you go for lyrics, the place you go to see video, the place you go to engage around a particular artist.4”
Jim Lucchese, CEO of the Echo Nest, sums up the state of the music industry as follows: “the massive amount of data that’s available is incredibly exciting, [and the] reality is that there is a scarcity of people out there who really know how to make sense of it.” After a decade or more of missed opportunities, executives have at last opened their arms to the data scientists that may discover the next world-changing artist.
But will data convey the competitive advantage that its advocates intend? Social media can narrate an industry, but can tweets and scans replace the ears of traditional A&R scouts? Both 300 Entertainment and Warner are led by time-tested musical minds, integrating one-part computers to four-parts instinct. At the same time, pioneering experiments in computational creativity are setting the stage for a future of experiments.
Moore’s law holds that computing power is growing exponentially. Fifteen years ago, iPods could not play videos, video blogs weren’t yet called “vlogs,” and laptop computers were still a tentative technology. It is true that programs are unlikely to override the music industry we all know and love anytime soon. For instance, in Lyor Cohen’s world the industry mogul is still the gatekeeper for new artists and he takes advantage of pointed and relevant data to make a better A&R choice. But music data companies continue to test the waters we all may one day sail because investors are voting for the future of computational creativity with large sums of money.
By Kyle Billings | <urn:uuid:718f96e2-7251-42da-ba45-7ca6586f45cb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hypebot.com/hypebot/2014/04/the-future-of-music-discovery-is-in-the-numbers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00111-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950201 | 1,947 | 1.84375 | 2 |
A light-trail is a generalization of a lightpath allowing multiple nodes to be able to communicate along the path, leading to all-optical spatial traffic grooming. A light-trail exhibits properties of dynamic bandwidth provisioning, optical multicasting and sub-wavelength grooming, and architecturally is analogous to a shared wavelength optical bus. Arbitration within the bus is conducted by an out-of-band control channel. The bus feature results in a node that has a large pass-through loss, restricting the size of a light-trail to metro environments. Due to this limitation, it is difficult to extend the light-trail concept to regional or core networks. In this paper we exhaustively investigate the concept of multi-hop light-trails (MLTs)—a method to provide multi-hop communication in light-trails, thus enhancing their reach. Node architecture and protocol requirements for creating MLTs are discussed. We then discuss design issues for MLTs in regional area networks through a problem formulation that is solved using convex optimization. The problem formulation takes into consideration issues such as routing MLTs as well as assigning connections (defined as sub-wavelength traffic requests) to MLTs. Two polynomial-time heuristic algorithms for creation of MLTs are presented. One of the algorithms is a static implementation, while the other is a dynamic implementation—with unknown traffic. A detailed delay analysis is also presented that enables computation of end-to-end delay over MLTs using different flow assignment algorithms. A simulation study validates the MLT concept.
© 2012 OSAFull Article | PDF Article | <urn:uuid:0a4d5312-50b0-4566-ab27-519a3bc429fe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.osapublishing.org/jocn/abstract.cfm?uri=jocn-4-12-1046&usertoken=%7Btoken%7D | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00348-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913919 | 329 | 2.453125 | 2 |
The Village of Bibbiano
Data about the village of Bibbiano
The village of Bibbiano is 3,57 kilometers far from the same town of Capolona to whom it belongs.
To the municipality of Capolona also belong the localities of Cafaggio (7,01 km), Casavecchia (6,82 km), Case sparse (-- km), Castelluccio (5,97 km), Cenina (1,96 km), Figline (4,34 km), Il Pino (1,97 km), Il Santo Belfiore (3,15 km), Lorenzano (5,43 km), Pieve San Giovanni (7,66 km), Poggio al Pino (4,83 km), Ponina (3,07 km), San Martino (0,79 km), San Martino Sopr'Arno (3,00 km), Subbiano Stazione (0,70 km), Vado (5,05 km).
The number in parentheses following each village name indicate the distance between the same village and the municipality of Capolona.
The locality of Bibbiano rises 505 meters above sea level.
Data about population living in BibbianoIn the village of Bibbiano live fifty-nine people: twenty-nine are males and thirty are females.
There are twenty-five singles (thirteen males and twelve females). There are twenty-eight people married, and two people legally separed. There are also zero divorced people and four widows and widowers.
Please find in what follows the table of the distribution of inhabitants by age.
Data about foreigners living in Bibbiano
In Bibbiano live three foreigners, one are males and two are females. 2 come from Europa, 0 from Africa, 1 from America, 0 from Asia and 0 from Oceania.
Please find in what follows the table of the distribution of foreigners by age.
|From 0 to 29 years||1||1||2|
|From 30 to 54 years||0||1||1|
|More than 54 years old||0||0||0|
Education in Bibbiano
There are in Bibbiano fifty-five people in school age, twenty-seven are males and twenty-eight females.
|Genere||University degree||High school diploma||Middle School diploma||Primary School diploma||Literates||Illiterates|
Employment rates and workers in Bibbiano
There are in Bibbiano 31 people aged 15 years or more. 31 are employed and 0 were previously employed but now are unemployed and seeking for a new job. There are 18 males aged 15 years or more, 18 are employed and 0 were previously employed but now are unemployed and seeking for a new job. There are 13 females aged 15 years or more, 13 are employed and 0 s were previously employed but now are unemployed and seeking for a new job.
Families and their compositions
There are in Bibbiano 29 famiglie residenti, for a total of 59 people.
Please find in what follows a table showing the number of families along with the number of people for each family.
|People||1||2||3||4||5||6 or more|
There are 29 famiglie living in Bibbiano. 2 live in rented houses, 23 live in houses of their own property and 4 live in houses for different reasons.
The buildings and their characteristics in Bibbiano
There are in Bibbiano 22 buildings, but only 22 are used. 21 buildings are for residential use, 1 buildings are for commercial or productive pourposes. Among the 21 buildings for residential use 17 were build using bricks of tuffs, 4 were built in concrete and 0 were built using other materials like steel, wood and so on. Among the 21 buildings for residential use 5 are in excellent condition, 16 are in good conditions, 0 are in mediocre conditions and 0 are in bad conditions.
In the following three tables the buildings built for residential use in Bibbiano are classified by building year, by floors number and by rooms number.
Buildings in Bibbiano by year of construction
|Date||Before year 1919||1919-45||1946-60||1961-70||1971-80||1981-90||1991-2000||2001-05||After year 2005|
Buildings in Bibbiano by floors number
|NUmber of floors||One||Two||Three||Four or more|
Buildings in Bibbiano by rooms number
|Number of rooms||One||Two||Three or four||From five to eight||From nine to fifteen||Sixteen or more|
Please find in what follows:
- Weather and weather forecast for the municipality of Capolona, to whom Bibbiano belongs.
- Map and road map of Bibbiano
- A selection of videos about Bibbiano
In the hamlet of Bibbiano there is no bank.
Please look at the closest banks in the town of Capolona, to whom Bibbiano belongs.
There is no pharmacy in the hamlet of Bibbiano.
Please look at the closest pharmacies in the town of Capolona, to whom Bibbiano belongs.
The parishes in the town of Bibbiano
There are no parishes in Bibbiano.
Please look at the closest parishes in the town of Capolona, to whom Bibbiano belongs.
Where to stay in Bibbiano and its neighborhoods
Hotels, Resorts, B&B in Bibbiano and its neighborhoods.
You can arrange the results by number of stars, by popularity, by distance or even by the guest review score choosing among young couples, mature couples, families with young children, families with older children, people withfriends, or solo travellers.
Free ads in Bibbiano
Most recent free ads in Bibbiano, municipality of Capolona, province of Arezzo, Toscana region, updated at 18:15:57, 24 January 2017. Place your free ad on Bibbiano: no registration needed. Place your free ad.
Up to now there is no free ad placed in Bibbiano
|Most recent free ads in the province of Arezzo|
|Traiana vendesi casa indipendente con garage e giardino sui 4 lati||2015-02-11|
|Vendo casa indipendente ristrutturata||2013-12-08|
|Most recent free ads in the region Toscana|
|Casa indipendente in affitto||2017-01-08|
|Appartamento Fontazzi 31||2016-11-18|
Map and road map of Bibbiano
Look at the interactive map of Bibbiano and get the road maps, the satellite maps and the mixed ones too. Interactive maps of Bibbiano also allow an immediate view of: bar,restaurants,pubs,pizzerias,dancing,night clubs,banks,jewellers,beauty centers,hair stylists,supermarkets,pharmacies.
Just fill in the free text search box placed on top of the map with any of previous categories and then press enter.
Please feel free to use the same free text search box placed on top of the map to find any kind of business activities you're interested into.
Videos about Bibbiano Capolona, Arezzo, Toscana
Several videos about Bibbiano, Capolona, Arezzo, Toscana.
A first video is shown: clicking on the PLAY button the video will start.
Inside the video window there are several commands and a Playlist button: .
Press the Playlist button to access the complete listing of the available videos, along with their titles. It will suffice to scroll through the list using the cursor to select any of the videos.
Once the video started you can use the and buttons to scroll through the videos. Each video can be displayed in full screen. | <urn:uuid:9b8f0a49-f999-4557-9f94-1647ff1bd54c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://italia.indettaglio.it/eng/toscana/arezzo_capolona_bibbiano.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00299-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.848643 | 1,688 | 1.9375 | 2 |
The platform development team ensures that the online platform Startnext is always available, that all data is secure and that new features have a high added value for the community.
The community team advises and supports the starters and the crowd. In the Startnext Academy, they share, free of charge and personally, the cumulative knowledge of more than 10 years of crowdfunding.
The communication team tells the stories that are created on Startnext in social media or other formats. In addition, they carry Startnext actions with community-oriented added value to the community.
The collaboration team makes sure you can get additional support on top of your crowd. That's what we call cofunding.
Startnext also pursues the goal of achieving a significant positive impact on the common good as well as the environment.
Who are the daring ones?
In the Startnext universe there is a daring feeling, when something is important enough to take risks and stand up to opposition . Startnext is a community where this daring feeling is ignited by the following values.
- Responsibility: all tasks and decisions follow the mission of promoting an equal and grandchild-friendly future.
- Diversity: the spotlight is on Startnext projects and their diversity. For Startnext, valuing the diversity of perspectives is the foundation of a society free of discrimination, racism and sexism.
- Creativity: Everything starts with an idea. At Startnext, everyone is allowed to dare to confront the old with the new. This way creates space for game changing power and innovation.
- Transparency: Learning is the precondition of change. Startnext stands up for a transparent and learning community, where success and failure are visible and equally understood as a beginning.
- Fun: There is this phrase: "Creativity is intelligence that is fun," which can be traced back to Einstein or maybe not. Basically this means, have fun every now and then. | <urn:uuid:bf55c71e-d87d-4dda-95a5-8e928353693d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.startnext.com/about/startnext.html?newLanguage=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.933683 | 388 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Tens of thousands of Nepali civilians are sleeping outdoors since the country was struck with two devastating earthquakes that occurred just over two weeks apart. Christian Today reports the Nepali government is struggling to provide shelter for about one million people who lost their homes in the earthquakes.
The first earthquake, which occurred on April 25, killed over 8,600 people. Nearly one month later, citizens still need shelter and medical supplies.
The threat of Nepal’s upcoming monsoon season adds more urgency to the situation; the heavy rains are due to arrive in about two weeks.
A tea shop owner named Phurba Sherpa says he now sleeps under a tarp in Thali with his wife and two other families. They traveled 70 miles from Tatopani to escape landslides that were triggered after the earthquakes.
"I lost everything – my house, tea house and all that I owned. I am a refugee in my own country now,” Sherpa said. "We don't have any place to go and this is not enough when it starts raining.”
Publication date: May 19, 2015 | <urn:uuid:0491692d-1bdb-4d1a-998f-366af97a7a12> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.christianheadlines.com/blog/hopeless-nepalis-sleep-in-open-as-monsoon-rains-approach.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00503-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978837 | 227 | 1.75 | 2 |
Revitalisation of the “Crucifix Bastion” Prague, Czech Building Design, Architecture, Pictures
Revitalisation of the “Crucifix Bastion”
Czech Building – design by MCA atelier architekti
23 Sep 2013
Revitalisation of the “Crucifix Bastion” in Prague
Revitalisation of the “Crucifix Bastion”, Prague 2
Design: MCA atelier s.r.o.
Revitalizace Bastionu u Božích muk, Praha 2
Though itself of Baroque date, Bastion is a part of the medieval fortifications of the New Town of Prague. The impermeability of the area created an inner periphery, a strip of inaccessible and unused greenery within the central city, in certain points approaching the character of a “brownfield”. The goal of the architects was the landscaping of the public area, the addition of an open-air café and gallery on the site of a ruined building of 19th-century date, and linking the spaces inside and outside the medieval fortification line that has kept the area of gardens and the university campus.
Revitalisation was completed on the basis of the winning entry in a public architectural competition in 2007. The new structure for public facilities was designed as a building below ground, a hidden acropolis attracting visitors with its contents and its form, not through mere visibility. It is conceived as an autonomous, solid “seashell”, inserted into the layerings of the archaeologically defined stratigraphic levels of Baroque and modern terrain, while not disturbing the character of the fortifications and the visual outline of the defensive walls. In its formal vocabulary, the building is elementary, minimal, and grounded in the material principles of fortification architecture: firmness.
The ensuing architectonic form is proof of the possibilities of connecting the heritage approach to the restoration of historically valuable structures, and the measured yet self-confident contemporary implementation of new contextually aware architecture. One of the main priorities of sustainable development is a maximum use of existing built in structure of settlements instead of additional building around free space.
Renovation and re-use of existing buildings and site delivers both material savings (recycling) and the associated energy savings. Memory and cultural values preservation, leads to the promotion of cultural and social pillars of sustainable development.
Revitalisation of the “Crucifix Bastion” Prague – Building Informatiom
Location: Prague, Czech Republic
Architect: MCA ATELIER S.R.O – Pavla Melkova, Miroslav Cikan
Collaborators: Tomas Brycka, Peter Bus, Pavel Kostalek, Jan Mysicka, Ondrej Ondrka, Jan Setelik, Petr Vejdovsky
Site area: 2,500 sqm
Building area: 370 sqm
Revitalisation of the “Crucifix Bastion” Prague images / information from FD
To see all listed projects on a single map please follow this link.
Dancing House Prague
Design: Frank Gehry
photograph © Ivan Andera
Czech National Library
picture from architect
Hotel Josef Prague
Eva Jiricna Architects
image from architects
Prague Modernist architecture
photograph © Adrian Welch
Comments / photos for the Revitalisation of the “Crucifix Bastion” in Prague – Czech Building page welcome | <urn:uuid:29cf8228-7d90-42de-8890-5e4c83295421> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.e-architect.co.uk/prague/revitalisation-crucifix-bastion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.871072 | 736 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Barnard College's Commencement celebration encompasses three ceremonies. The Baccalaureate Service, the Barnard College Commencement, also known as the Class Day, and the conferring of degrees that is the larger University Commencement.
The Baccalaureate Service is an interfaith, intercultural service celebrating the completion of each undergraduate's academic career, and is the opening event of Commencement week. It features a procession of degree candidates from Barnard and the other undergraduate divisions of the University. The University chaplain, school deans, faculty and administrators also participate. Highlights of the service include hymns and musical selections performed by student musicians and choirs, as well as readings, reflections, and speeches by students.
The Baccalaureate Service is believed to have originated at Oxford University in 1432 when each bachelor was required to deliver a sermon in Latin as part of his academic exercise. Since the earliest universities in this country were founded primarily to educate ministers, the British practice of the Baccalaureate Service was continued.
At the Barnard Commencement ceremony, Barnard degree candidates are individually recognized. The Presentation of Degree Candidates is the more intimate of the two commencement ceremonies and culminates with each Barnard degree candidate crossing the stage to receive congratulations from President Debora Spar. (Degrees are officially conferred on Wednesday at the University Commencement.)
Departmental receptions take place on the Barnard campus.
The Columbia University Commencement is the official degree conferral ceremony and consists of degree candidate and academic processions; the awarding of University medals and honors; the conferring of honorary degrees in arts, laws, letters, and science; a Commencement address by the University President; and the conferring of degrees in course to students from eighteen schools, colleges, and affiliated institutions. (Candidates are not individually recognized.)
With over 11,000 degree candidates, and 20,000 participants and guests in attendance, the ceremony is an unforgettable, grand-scale celebration that appropriately marks the academic achievements of the University graduates.
All February, May and October degree candidates and their guests are cordially invited to attend these ceremonies. | <urn:uuid:488e681e-74ad-416c-9dda-a508e6fbbe41> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://barnard.edu/commencement/about-ceremonies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954639 | 448 | 2.296875 | 2 |
The Achievement of Hans Urs von Balthasar
An Introduction to His Trilogy
In this introductory volume, the focus is on the first volume of each part of the trilogy. This approach exhibits the main lines of von Balthasar's trilogy in a way that allows for an introductory volume of manageable size. This approach also avoids the more controversial volumes of the trilogy. Reading von Balthasar with the goal of engaging his more controversial views is certainly justifiable, but in an introductory book, the danger is that some readers could miss the forest due to their opposition to some of the trees.
The Achievement of Hans Urs von Balthasar contributes to the healing of the internecine conflicts that, since the 1930s or earlier, have pitted Ressourcement theologians and Thomistic theologians against each other with grave consequences for the health of Catholic theology. Despite sharing a strong belief in the faithful mediation of divine revelation through Scripture and the Church, many Catholic theologians today find themselves at loggerheads with each other. Easily forgotten by the Ressourcement and Thomistic combatants is their shared commitment to the theo-aesthetic beauty, theo-dramatic goodness, and theo-logical truth of Christ's revelation of Trinitarian self-surrendering love as our source and supernatural goal, and their shared rejection of philosophical modernity's immanentism, historicism, and power-centered voluntarism. The present book seeks to highlight these shared commitments, while leaving room for disagreement about von Balthasar's specific positions and approaches.
About the Authors
"Levering's book is characteristically lucid and generous in its presentation of Balthasar's robust Catholic theological response to certain major philosophers of modernity. This indeed is one of Balthasar's greatest achievements, and I am glad to have such a wonderful treatment from the skillful mind of Matthew Levering. In a secularized intellectual milieu where the postmodern legacies of Kant, Hegel, and Nietzsche remain dominant, Levering's careful study of Balthasar offers Catholic scholars a great gift. Levering's reading of Balthasar models a renewed and expanded style of Thomistic theology in which the goal is not only to retrieve Aquinas's teachings but also to imitate Aquinas's critical engagements with the philosophical currents of his day. Levering enlists Balthasar in this enterprise and does so with clarity and grace."—Andrew Prevot, Boston College
"Levering has provided us with a profound appreciation of Hans Urs von Balthasar's theology written by a Thomist fellow traveler, a vision of Balthasar's trilogy marked by both warranted irenicism and critical verve. His constructive proposal for the future of Catholic theology is both significant and promising."—Thomas Joseph White, OP, author of The Light of Christ: An Introduction to Catholicism
Other Titles by Matthew Levering
Other Titles from Studies In Early Christianity
Other Titles in RELIGION / Christian Theology / Systematic | <urn:uuid:201ede15-36db-40b7-9f50-5f2f7242d723> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hfsbooks.com/books/the-achievement-of-hans-urs-von-balthasar-levering-oregan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.921872 | 614 | 1.867188 | 2 |
|MAYON VOLCANO BULLETIN 23 September 2011 8:00 A.M.|
|Friday, 23 September 2011 08:38|
Mayon Volcano’s (13.2500°N, 123.6833°E) seismic network detected one (1) volcanic earthquake during the past 24 hours. Weak emission of white steam that drifted north-northwest and north-northeast could be observed from the crater during cloud breaks. Fair crater glow (Intensity II) was observed last night. Measurement of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate conducted last 17 September 2011 yielded an average of 505 tonnes per day, which is at baseline levels. Ground deformation survey (precise leveling) conducted last 21 - 25 August 2011 indicated a slight inflation of the edifice as compared with 31 May - 04 June 2011.
Mayon Volcano’s alert status remains at Alert Level 1. Although this means that no eruption is imminent, it is strongly advised that the public refrain from entering the 6-kilometer radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) due to the threat of sudden steam-driven eruptions and rockfalls from the upper and middle slopes of the volcano. Active stream/river channels and those identified as perenially lahar prone areas on all sectors of the volcano should also be avoided especially during bad weather condition or when there is heavy and prolonged rainfall. DOST-PHIVOLCS is closely monitoring Mayon Volcano’s activity and any new development will be relayed to all concerned. | <urn:uuid:a89f061d-773b-4549-b6c3-371dd7bf8cc4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1366%3Amayon-volcano-bulletin-23-september-2011-800-am&Itemid=500033 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00320-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941996 | 313 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Prof. Ki-Bum Lee and his team (https://kblee.rutgers.edu/) in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Rutgers University reported the development of a dynamic laser interference lithography (DIL) to generate large-scale combinatorial biophysical cue (CBC) arrays with diverse micro/nano-structures at higher complexities than most current arrays. A high-throughput cell mapping method using CBC arrays is also demonstrated to comprehensively examine biophysical cue-mediated direct cell reprogramming. This high throughput cell screening strategy based on CBC arrays enables the quick identification of novel hierarchical nanopatterns that stimulate direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts into neurons via epigenetic modification pathways. As a result, the scientists successfully showed DIL for the generation of very complex CBC arrays, establishing CBC array-based cell screening as a valuable technique for comprehensively exploring the role of biophysical cues in cell reprogramming.
PUBLICATION: This work was recently published in ACS Nano.
Yang, L.; Conley, B. M.; Rathnam, C.; Cho, H.-Y.; Pongkulapa, T.; Conklin, B.; Lee, K.-B., Predictive Biophysical Cue Mapping for Direct Cell Reprogramming Using Combinatorial Nanoarrays. ACS Nano 2022. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10344.
CORRESPONDENCE: Prof. Ki-Bum Lee (Rutgers University), https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
KBLEE Group Team: Dr. Letao Yang, Brian Conley, Dr. Thanapat Pongkulapa, and Brandon Conklin, https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
Professor KiBum Lee
Dr. Letao Yang
Brian M. Conley
Dr. Thanapat Pongkulapa | <urn:uuid:dbb347de-1e8f-4fdf-b805-f243b6a01225> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chem.rutgers.edu/research/research-highlights/1656-direct-cell-reprogramming-and-cooperative-epigenetic-modulation-via-hierarchical-nanostructures-screened-from-comprehensive-biophysical-cue-mapping | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.822795 | 409 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Monetary economics is a branch of economics that historically prefigured and remains integrally linked to macroeconomics. Monetary economics provides a framework for analyzing money in its functions as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. It considers how money, for example fiat currency, can gain acceptance purely because of its convenience as a public good. It examines the effects of monetary systems, including regulation of money and associated financial institutions and international aspects.
Modern analysis has attempted to provide a micro-based formulation of the demand for money and to distinguish valid nominal and real monetary relationships for micro or macro uses, including their influence on the aggregate demand for output. Its methods include deriving and testing the implications of money as a substitute for other assets and as based on explicit frictions.
Research areas have included:
* empirical determinants and measurement of the money supply, whether narrowly-, broadly-, or index-aggregated, in relation to economic activity * debt-deflation and balance-sheet theories, which hypothesize that over-extension of credit associated with a subsequent asset-price fall generate business fluctuations through the wealth effect on net worth. and the relationship between the demand for output and the demand for money
* monetary implications of the asset-price/macroeconomic relation * the importance and stability of the relation between the money supply and interest rates, the price level, and nominal and real output of an economy. * monetary impacts on interest rates and the term structure of interest rates * lessons of monetary/financial history * transmission mechanisms of monetary policy as to the macroeconomy * the monetary/fiscal policy relationship to macroeconomic stability * neutrality of money vs. money illusion as to a change in the money supply, price level, or inflation on output * tests and testability of rational-expectations theory as to changes in output or inflation from monetary policy * monetary implications of imperfect and asymmetric information and fraudulent finance * game theory as a modeling paradigm for monetary and financial institutions * the political economy of financial regulation and monetary policy * possible advantages of following a monetary-policy rule to avoid inefficiencies of time inconsistency from discretionary policy * “anything that central bankers should be interested in.” | <urn:uuid:2967ebe3-34eb-46a5-8a01-c906da68a1ad> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://kankorafghanistan.com/monetary-economics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00326-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916876 | 449 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Subject: lib/2018: rcmd() is too restrictive.
To: None <gnats-bugs@NetBSD.ORG>
From: Herb Peyerl <firstname.lastname@example.org>
Date: 02/04/1996 05:17:10
>Synopsis: rcmd() is too restrictive.
>Responsible: lib-bug-people (Library Bug People)
>Arrival-Date: Sun Feb 4 10:20:10 1996
>Originator: Herb Peyerl
System: NetBSD lager.beer.org 1.1A NetBSD 1.1A (LAGER) #2: Thu Jan 4 17:24:51 MST 1996 email@example.com:/usr/src/sys/arch/hp300/compile/LAGER hp300
rcmd() is too restrictive in terms of how it executes the remote command.
It would be nice if you could force rcmd to use something like 'ssh' or some
other higher-security authentication mechanism.
This came out of a discussion between myself and Matt Green. We were wishing
there was a way to get 'rdist' to use 'ssh'. | <urn:uuid:ad5cf85c-75f8-444c-9385-0907dbbc0cab> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://mail-index.netbsd.org/netbsd-bugs/1996/02/04/0001.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00261-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.741593 | 259 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Attended meeting all day. Mr. Hilliard preach’d us two good occasional sermons from Proverbs II. 3. 4. 5. If thou criest after knowledge, and liftest up thy voice for understanding. If thou seekest her as silver, and searchest for her as for hid treasures: Then shalt thou understand the fear of the Lord; and find the knowledge of God. The Sciences were his topic, and the importance of learning, his theme in the afternoon, he said he should omit the address which he usually makes to the young gentlemen about to leave the University, because so many of the present senior Class were already gone; he paid us however an handsome compliment upon the uniform propriety of conduct which had ever distinguished the Class, and concluded by exhorting the following Classes to imitate so laudable an example.
I wrote a letter this evening to Freeman;1 in answer to one which I receiv’d from him yesterday.
1. JQA to Nathaniel Freeman Jr., 16– June (owned in 1963 by H. Bartholomew Cox, of Maryland); Freeman’s letter has not been found. | <urn:uuid:0c82500b-3a33-41c1-bf4a-feeaf8e7cc6c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/03-02-02-0002-0006-0017 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00164-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981038 | 236 | 1.710938 | 2 |
A. Considering Jesus.
1. (1a) Therefore: who we are in light of the previous paragraphs.
Therefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling,
a. Therefore: From the previous chapter, we are left with the picture of Jesus as our heavenly High Priest. Since this is true, it teaches something about who we are. Understanding who we are in light of who Jesus is and what He did is essential for a healthy Christian life. It keeps us from the same depths of discouragement the Hebrew Christians faced.
b. Holy brethren: This is who we are because Jesus regards us as such, because our heavenly, holy High Priest is not ashamed to call them brethren. (Hebrews 2:11) It should bless and encourage us that Jesus calls us His holy brethren.
c. Partakers of the heavenly calling: Because Jesus is committed to bringing many sons to glory (Hebrews 2:10), we are partners in His heavenly calling. This should bless and encourage us to press on, even through times of difficulty and trial.
2. (1b) Therefore: what we are to do in light of the previous paragraphs.
Consider the Apostle and High Priest of our confession, Christ Jesus,
a. Consider the Apostle: We don’t often apply this word to Jesus, but He is our Apostle. The ancient Greek word translated apostle really means something like ambassador. In this sense, Jesus is the Father’s ultimate ambassador (Hebrews 1:1-2). God the Father had to send a message of love that was so important He sent it through Christ Jesus.
i. The ancient Greek word translated consider is katanoein: “It does not mean simply to look at or to notice a thing. Anyone can look at a thing or even notice it without really seeing it. The word means to fix the attention on something in such a way that its inner meaning, the lesson it is designed to teach, may be learned.” (Barclay) The same word is used in Luke 12:24 (Consider the ravens). It is an earnest appeal to look, to learn, and to understand.
ii. The message is plain: consider this. Consider that God loves you so much He sent the ultimate Messenger, Christ Jesus. Consider also how important it is for you to pay attention to God’s ultimate Apostle, who is Christ Jesus.
iii. God also chose His original, authoritative “ambassadors” for the church. These are what we think of as the original twelve apostles. God still chooses ambassadors in a less authoritative sense, and there is a sense in which we are all ambassadors for God. Yet surely, Jesus was and is the Father’s ultimate ambassador.
b. Consider the… High Priest: Jesus is the One who supremely represents us before the Father, and who represents the Father to us. God cares for us so much that He put the ultimate mediator, the ultimate High Priest, between Himself and sinful man.
i. The message is plain: consider this. Consider that God loves you so much to give you such a great High Priest. Consider that if such a great High Priest is given to us, we must honor and submit to this High Priest, who is Christ Jesus.
c. Of our confession: Jesus is the ambassador and the mediator of our confession. Christianity is a confession made with both the mouth and with the life (Matthew 10:32, Romans 10:9).
i. The word “confession” means, “to say the same thing.” When we confess our sin, we “say the same” about it that God does. In regard to salvation, all Christians “say the same thing” about their need for salvation and God’s provision in Jesus.
3. (2) Consider Jesus as faithful in His duties before the Father.
Who was faithful to Him who appointed Him, as Moses also was faithful in all His house.
a. Who was faithful: When we consider the past faithfulness of Jesus, it makes us understand that He will continue to be faithful. And as He was faithful to God the Father (Him who appointed Him), so He will be faithful to us. This should bless and encourage us.
b. As Moses also was faithful in all His house: Moses showed an amazing faithfulness in his ministry; but Jesus showed a perfect faithfulness – surpassing even that of Moses.
B. Jesus, superior to Moses.
1. (3a) Jesus has received more glory than Moses did.
For this One has been counted worthy of more glory than Moses,
a. Moses: Moses received much glory from God. This is seen in his shining face after spending time with God (Exodus 34:29-35), in his justification before Miriam and Aaron (Numbers 12:6-8), and before the sons of Korah (Numbers 16).
b. For this One has been counted worthy of more glory than Moses did: But Jesus received far more glory from the Father, at His baptism (Matthew 3:16-17), at His transfiguration (Mark 9:7), and at His resurrection (Acts 2:26-27 and Acts 2:31-33).
2. (3b-6) Moses the servant, Jesus the Son.
Inasmuch as He who built the house has more honor than the house. For every house is built by someone, but He who built all things is God. And Moses indeed was faithful in all His house as a servant, for a testimony of those things which would be spoken afterward, but Christ as a Son over His own house, whose house we are if we hold fast the confidence and the rejoicing of the hope firm to the end.
a. Inasmuch as He who built the house has more honor than the house: Moses was a member of the household of God but Jesus is the creator of that house, worthy of greater glory.
i. According to Morris, the ancient Rabbis considered Moses to be the greatest man ever, greater than the angels. The writer to the Hebrews does nothing to criticize Moses, but he looks at Moses in his proper relation to Jesus.
b. Moses indeed was faithful in all His house as a servant… but Christ as a Son over His own house: Moses was a faithful servant, but he was never called a Son in the way Jesus is. This shows that Jesus is greater than Moses.
c. Whose house we are if we hold fast: We are a part of Jesus’ household if we hold fast. The writer to the Hebrews is encouraging those who felt like turning back, helping them to hold fast by explaining the benefits of continuing on with Jesus.
i. True commitment to Jesus is demonstrated over the long term, not just in an initial burst. We trust that He who has begun a good work in you will complete it until the day of Jesus Christ (Philippians 1:6).
ii. Whose house we are: 1 Peter 2:4-5 says we are being built up a spiritual house. God has a work to build through His people, even as one might build a house.
C. The application of the fact of Jesus’ superiority to Moses.
1. (7-11) A quotation from Psalm 95:7-11 and its relevance.
Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says:
“Today, if you will hear His voice,
Do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion,
In the day of trial in the wilderness,
Where your fathers tested Me, tried Me,
And saw My works forty years.
Therefore I was angry with that generation,
And said, ‘They always go astray in their heart,
And they have not known My ways.’
So I swore in My wrath,
‘They shall not enter My rest.’”
a. Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says: The Spirit of God (speaking through His Word) told us that Jesus the Messiah is much greater than Moses. This truth should lead someone to action, and now the writer to the Hebrews will encourage those actions.
b. Do not harden your hearts: If those who followed Moses were responsible to surrender unto, to trust in, and to persevere in following God’s leader, we are much more responsible to do the same with a greater leader, Jesus the Messiah.
i. The point is clear. As the Holy Spirit speaks, we must hear His voice and not allow our hearts to become hardened. We hear the Spirit speak in the Scriptures, in the heart of His people, in those He draws to salvation, and by His works.
ii. Just as the Spirit speaks in many ways, there are also several ways we can harden our heart.
· Some harden their hearts by relapsing into their old indifference.
· Some harden their hearts by unbelief.
· Some harden their hearts by asking for more signs.
· Some harden their hearts by presuming upon the mercy of God.
c. Today: There is urgency to the voice of the Holy Spirit. He never prompts us to get right with God tomorrow, or to trust in yesterday – the Holy Spirit only moves us to act today.
i. The Holy Spirit tells us today because it is a genuine invitation. We know that the Holy Spirit really wants us to come to Jesus because He says, “today.” If someone asks me to come over their house for dinner but they give no day or time, I know it isn’t a firm invitation yet. But when they say, “Come over on this day at this time,” I know it is a firm invitation, that they want me to come, that they are ready for me to come, and that it will be prepared for my coming. The Holy Spirit gives you a time for His invitation – today.
ii. Charles Spurgeon pointed out one reason why the Holy Spirit is so urgent: “Besides, he waits to execute his favourite office of a Comforter, and he cannot comfort an ungodly soul, he cannot comfort those who harden their hearts. Comfort for unbelievers would be their destruction. As he delights to be the Comforter, and has been sent forth from the Father to act specially in that capacity, that he may comfort the people of God, he watches with longing eyes for broken hearts and contrite spirits, that he may apply the balm of Gilead and heal their wounds.”
iii. We must also have great urgency about today. “Select the strongest man you know, and suppose that everything in reference to your eternal welfare is to depend upon whether he lives to see the next year. With what anxiety would you hear of his illness, how concerned you would be about his health? Well, sinner, your salvation is risked by you upon your own life, is that any more secure?” (Spurgeon)
d. As in the rebellion, in the day of trial: The day of trial refers first to the trial at Meribah (Numbers 20:1-13). More generally it speaks of Israel’s refusal to trust and enter the Promised Land during the Exodus (Numbers 13:30-14:10). God did not accept their unbelief and He condemned that generation of unbelief to die in the wilderness (Numbers 14:22-23 and 14:28-32).
i. This only makes sense because there is some continuity in God’s work among His people through the centuries. We can learn from the mistakes of God’s ancient people.
e. And saw My works forty years: Because of their unbelief, the people of Israel faced judgment which culminated after forty years. This warning in Hebrews was written about forty years after the Jews’ initial rejection of Jesus. God’s wrath was quickly coming upon the Jewish people who rejected Jesus, and would culminate with the Roman destruction of Jerusalem.
f. Therefore I was angry with that generation: God’s anger was kindled against that generation on account of their unbelief. They refused to trust God for the great things He promised, and they were unwilling to continue in trust. Therefore the could not enter the rest God had appointed for them, the Land of Canaan.
2. (12-15) Beware: Don’t be like the generation that perished in the wilderness.
Beware, brethren, lest there be in any of you an evil heart of unbelief in departing from the living God; but exhort one another daily, while it is called “Today,” lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin. For we have become partakers of Christ if we hold the beginning of our confidence steadfast to the end, while it is said:
“Today, if you will hear His voice,
Do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion.”
a. Lest there be in any of you an evil heart of unbelief: This is strong language, but we often underestimate the terrible nature of our unbelief. Refusing to believe God is a serious sin because it shows an evil heart and a departing from the living God.
i. “Unbelief is not inability to understand, but unwillingness to trust… it is the will, not the intelligence, that is involved.” (Newell)
ii. One can truly believe God, yet be occasionally troubled by doubts. There is a doubt that wants God’s promise but is weak in faith at the moment. Unbelief isn’t weakness of faith; it sets itself in opposition to faith.
iii. “The great sin of not believing in the Lord Jesus Christ is often spoken of very lightly and in a very trifling spirit, as though it were scarcely any sin at all; yet, according to my text, and, indeed, according to the whole tenor of the Scriptures, unbelief is the giving of God the lie, and what can be worse?” (Spurgeon)
iv. “Hearken, O unbeliever, you have said, ‘I cannot believe,’ but it would be more honest if you had said, ‘I will not believe.’ The mischief lies there. Your unbelief is your fault, not your misfortune. It is a disease, but it is also a crime: it is a terrible source of misery to you, but it is justly so, for it is an atrocious offense against the God of truth.” (Spurgeon)
v. “Did I not hear some one say, ‘Ah, sir, I have been trying to believe for years.’ Terrible words! They make the case still worse. Imagine that after I had made a statement, a man should declare that he did not believe me, in fact, he could not believe me though he would like to do so. I should feel aggrieved certainly; but it would make matters worse if he added, ‘In fact I have been for years trying to believe you, and I cannot do it.’ What does he mean by that? What can he mean but that I am so incorrigibly false, and such a confirmed liar, that though he would like to give me some credit, he really cannot do it? With all the effort he can make in my favour, he finds it quite beyond his power to believe me? Now, a man who says, ‘I have been trying to believe in God,’ in reality says just that with regard to the Most High.” (Spurgeon)
vi. The living God: “This divine title is of supreme significance, and shows that God’s character is the same to believers as to all else.” (Griffith-Thomas)
b. Exhort one another daily: If we will strengthen our faith and avoid the ruin of unbelief, we must be around other Christians who will exhort – that is, seriously encourage us. This shows our responsibility to both give exhortation and to receive exhortation, and to exhort one another daily. It is an easy thing to judge and criticize, but that is not exhortation.
i. If you are out of fellowship altogether, you can’t you exhort or be exhorted. When we are out of fellowship there is much less around us to keep us from becoming hardened through the deceitfulness of sin.
ii. Some think that Jesus’ command to not bother with the speck in our brother’s eye while we have a log in our own (Matthew 7:5) indicates that we should not exhort one another daily. Yet Jesus told us to first deal with our log in our own eye, but then to go and deal with the speck in our brother’s eye. He did not tell us to ignore their speck, only to deal with it in proper order.
iii. This emphasis on the importance of fellowship stands in the face of society’s thinking. A United States survey found that more than 78% of the general public and 70% of churchgoing people believed that “you can be a good Christian without attending church.” (Roof and McKinney)
iv. “You are to watch over your brethren, to exhort one another daily, especially you who are officers of the church, or who are elderly and experienced. Be upon the watch lest any of your brethren in the church should gradually backslide, or lest any in the congregation should harden into a condition of settled unbelief, and perish in their sin. He who bids you take heed to yourself, would not have you settle down into a selfish care for yourself alone, lest you should become like Cain, who even dared to say to the Lord himself, ‘Am I my brother’s keeper?’” (Spurgeon)
c. Lest any of you become hardened: Christians must be vigilant against hardness of heart. That hidden sin you indulge in – none suspect you of it because you hide it well. You deceive yourself, believing that it really does little harm. You can always ask forgiveness later. You can always die to self and surrender to Jesus in coming months or years. What you cannot see or sense is that your hidden sin hardens your heart. As your heart becomes harder you become less and less sensitive to your sin. You become more and more distant from Jesus. And your spiritual danger grows every day.
d. The deceitfulness of sin: The sin of unbelief has its root in deceit and its flower is marked by hardness (lest any of you be hardened). Unbelief and sin are deceitful because when we don’t believe God, we don’t stop believing – we simply start believing in a lie.
i. One great danger of sin is its deceitfulness. If it came with full revelation, full exposure of all its consequences, it would be unattractive – but the nature of sin is deceitfulness.
ii. From the very beginning, much of the power of sin lies in its deceitfulness.
· Sin is deceitful in the way that it comes to us.
· Sin is deceitful in what it promises us.
· Sin is deceitful in what it calls itself.
· Sin is deceitful in the excuses it makes, both before and after the sin.
e. Partakers of Christ: Believers – those who turn from sin and self and put their life’s trust in Jesus – are gloriously called partakers of Christ.
i. Partakers of Christ – this is the whole picture. Partakers of His obedience, partakers of His suffering, partakers of His death, partakers of His resurrection, partakers of His victory, partakers of His plan, partakers of His power, partakers of His ministry of intercession, partakers of His work, partakers of His glory, partakers of His destiny. Saying “Partakers of Christ” says it all.
ii. There are many ways that the believer’s union with Jesus is described:
· Like a stone cemented to its foundation.
· Like a vine connected to its branches.
· Like a wife married to her husband.
f. Do not harden your hearts: We often say our hearts become hard because of what others or circumstances do to us. But the fact is that we harden our own hearts in response to what happens to us.
3. (16-19) It isn’t enough to make a good beginning.
For who, having heard, rebelled? Indeed, was it not all who came out of Egypt, led by Moses? Now with whom was He angry forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose corpses fell in the wilderness? And to whom did He swear that they would not enter His rest, but to those who did not obey? So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief.
a. For who, having heard, rebelled? As a nation, Israel made a good beginning. After all, it took a lot of faith to cross the Red Sea. Yet all of that first generation perished in the wilderness, except for the two men of faith – Joshua and Caleb.
i. Think of their great privilege:
· They saw the ten plagues come upon Egypt.
· They had great revelation from God.
· They had received great patience from God.
· They received great mercy.
b. They would not enter His rest: 11 times in Hebrews chapters 3 and 4, the Book of Hebrews speaks of entering rest. That rest will be deeply detailed in the next chapter. But here, the key to entering rest is revealed: belief.
c. So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief: One might be tempted to think the key to entering rest is obedience, especially from Hebrews 3:18: to whom did He swear that they would not enter His rest, but to those who did not obey? But the disobedience mentioned in Hebrews 3:18 is an outgrowth of the unbelief mentioned in Hebrews 3:19. The unbelief came first, then the disobedience.
i. It was unbelief and not something else that kept them out of Canaan:
· Their sin did not keep them out of Canaan.
· Lack of evidence did not keep them out of Canaan.
· Lack of encouragement did not keep them out of Canaan.
· Difficult circumstances did not keep them out of Canaan.
ii. In a New Testament context, our belief centers on the superiority of Jesus Christ, the truth of who He is (fully God and fully man) and His atoning work for us as a faithful High Priest (as in Hebrews 2:17). When we trust in these things, making them the “food” of our souls, we enter into God’s rest.
d. They could not enter in: Israel’s great failure was to persevere in faith. After crossing much of the wilderness trusting in God, and after seeing so many reasons to trust in Him, they end up falling short – because they did not persevere in faith in God and His promise.
i. Jesus reminded us in the parable of the soils with the seeds cast on stony ground and among thorns that it is not enough to make a good beginning, real belief perseveres to the end. It is wonderful to make a good start, but how we finish is even more important than how we start.
ii. C.S. Lewis speaks to the difficulty of persistence (from a tempting demon’s fictional perspective): “The Enemy has guarded him from you through the first great wave of temptations. But, if only he can be kept alive, you have time itself for you ally. The long, dull monotonous years of middle-aged prosperity or middle-aged adversity are excellent campaigning weather. You see, it is so hard for these creatures to persevere. The routine of adversity, the gradual decay of youthful loves and youthful hopes, the quiet despair (hardly felt as pain) of ever overcoming the chronic temptations with which we have again and again defeated them, the drabness which we create in their lives and inarticulate resentment with which we teach them to respond to it — all this provides admirable opportunities of wearing out a soul by attrition. If, on the other hand, the middle years from prosperous, our position is even stronger. Prosperity knits a man to the World. He fells that he is ‘finding his place in it’ while really it is finding its place in him… That is why we must often wish long life to our patients; seventy years is not a day too much for the difficult task of unraveling their souls from Heaven and building up a firm attachment to the earth.” (The Screwtape Letters)
iii. If we enter in to God’s rest then the coming years will only increase our trust and reliance on Jesus. If by unbelief we fail to enter in, then the coming years will only gradually draw us away from a passionate, trusting relationship with Jesus.
©2018 David Guzik – No distribution beyond personal use without permission | <urn:uuid:33b444de-7f59-4016-a7e0-6e0634feb960> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/hebrews-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.968249 | 5,303 | 2.328125 | 2 |
- Fecha: 01 January 2021
- ISSN: 21693536
- Source Type: Journal
- DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3060516
- Document Type: Article
- Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
CCBYAlthough several bandpass filters have been designed in the recently proposed empty substrate integrated waveguide (ESIW) technology to improve the quality factor and reduce losses with respect to those in SIW and planar technologies, all structures exhibit narrowband properties and none uses the design concept applied in this paper. The idea has been to insert a dielectric element in an ESIW section (DE-ESIW), which can work as a dielectric resonator or impedance inverter depending on the propagation nature of the fundamental mode. Thus, two novel Chebyshev bandpass filters for narrow and wide bandwidths based on this design concept have been designed in this paper in ESIW technology. The narrow bandpass filter has been realized by inserting four dielectric resonators in an evanescent ESIW section and using a coupling matrix synthesis method, whereas the wideband bandpass filter has been implemented by including six dielectric line sections in an ESIW line propagating the fundamental mode and applying a stepped impedance synthesis approach. A novel wideband microstrip to ESIW transition using cubic Bézier curves has also been designed for the successful integration of both narrow and wideband filters with other microstrip components. EM simulation and measurement frequency responses on manufactured prototypes have shown the versatility of the dielectric elements to efficiently implement narrowband and wideband ESIW bandpass filters, using the proposed design techniques based on coupling matrix and stepped impedances, respectively. | <urn:uuid:fdef1cce-980e-430b-b37b-c5ba93db628b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://personas.upct.es/en/publication/85101773600 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.916047 | 367 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Mind Pembrokeshire is proud to introduce Mums Matter, a service for new mothers struggling with mild to moderate mental health issues during the perinatal period across Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion and Pembrokeshire.
Mums Matter is an early intervention service, offering a safe, supportive environment to meet with other mums with similar experiences. It provides an opportunity to talk through issues and offers helpful ideas they can use to help with feeling better. Encouraging ongoing peer support is also built into the course. The eight week course also includes one session for partners or supporting family members.
The perinatal period refers to any time from becoming pregnant up to a year after you give birth. Therefore, this service is designed for pregnant mums and those with babies and toddlers.
Kalindi Black, Mums Matter Regional Co-ordinator says, “Mums Matter is a service designed by mums, for mums. Coinciding with Maternal Mental Health Week, we are offering online courses starting from 6th May. Once restrictions continue to ease, we hope to be able to bring this service face to face across the three counties according to need.
“This service has been trialled in other parts of the UK and Wales, with some parents describing it as ‘lifechanging’. We are proud to be able to launch for mums across west Wales.”
You can be referred to this service through health professionals, or if interested you can self-refer. For more information please contact email@example.com or phone 07949 531305. | <urn:uuid:bab95a00-851d-4b69-b6c5-2d342467c2df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hduhb.nhs.wales/news/press-releases/mums-matter-service-launched-across-hywel-dda-uhb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.948412 | 343 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Nope, creating habits doesn’t get harder as you get older… everything gets harder. I heard on The Brian Buffini Show a story of a golfer who won whatever golfers win (golf is totally NOT my thing) after 50.
The key to maintaining your habits for a long time is an intention to do so. If you aren’t mindful about your habits, sooner or later, you will slip. Then, you will either go back on track, or you will just let it slip further.
Recently, I had an unproductive week and I spent a way too much time on YouTube watching “Pitch Meetings” – a hilarious series of videos where a YouTuber pretends to be a screenwriter and a producer at the same time and is “pitching” existing movie ideas.
Photo by cottonbro from Pexels There is no greater misnomer than a “smartphone.” The device in itself is not smart at all; it’s just a thing. It is as smart as a vacuum cleaner or a hammer. And smartphones make 99.99% of their users dumber, not smarter. Yes, there is an incredible computing ability. Yes, you can access […]
The post Turn your Dumbphone into a Smartphone Again: One simple habit to protect your mind – and sanity! appeared first on ExpandBeyondYourself.
Hi. Meet reality. It looks like this:(The Slight Edge chart) Only what you do consistently over a long period matters. The consequences of your spontaneous actions are irrelevant in the long run. Today you spontaneously decide to sit on a couch and binge-watch a series on Netflix. Tomorrow you spontaneously decide to go for a […]
The post Getting Bored with Habits vs. Living More Spontaneously appeared first on ExpandBeyondYourself.
Deconstructing a few success stories from my life. Image by Mohamed Nuzrath from Pixabay The difficulty level depends on the habit very much. I’ll give you a few examples. 1. Gaming Habit I played computer games since I was exposed to the computer at the age of 12. I played my whole adult life till I was 33 […]
Extrapolation based on experience First of all, thanks to my good habits I will have a future worth looking forward to. Habits compound. Bad habits lead you into a worse future. Good habits led you into a better one. This is the reality: By the way, this is how I discern between good and bad […]
The post How Will Good Habits Give Me Benefits in the Future? appeared first on ExpandBeyondYourself.
Your personal development encompasses it all The specific habits you should start are entirely up to you. No one can dictate to you what to do. You are unique, your life story is unique, and your set of circumstances is unique. When I decided to change my life, I sat down and in less than […]
The post Six Atomic Habits to Have a Brighter Future Personally, Professionally, and Financially appeared first on ExpandBeyondYourself.
Small activities that provided great benefits It’s hard to say which of my self-improvement habits has had the biggest impact on my life. I have too many of them and introduced them into my life in a very rapid fashion. So, it is really hard to measure and recognize which habits have been the most impactful. […]
The post Four Self-Improvement Habits which Had the Biggest Impact on My Life appeared first on ExpandBeyondYourself.
Why Is It so Easy to Get Addicted to Things that Are Unhealthy but so Difficult to Get Hooked on Healthy Habits
The short answer is: those “unhealthy things” hack directly into our bodily reward system. Thus, we get an immediate reward (usually: pleasure) from doing them. We crave the pleasure, so the behavior gets reinforced. It easily becomes a habit. The long answer is more complicated. The reason why hacking directly into the reward system works […] | <urn:uuid:cc71f08b-d90c-4c04-87e2-7857af66104e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://simplefrugality.com/category/habits | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.954053 | 844 | 1.59375 | 2 |
As of today, our classroom sessions have ended. It has been one amazing and engaged school year!
389 Blog Posts
859 Published Videos of iPad use and our classroom
19,521 YouTube video views
Let's look back at the most popular blog posts of the year.
Number 5 with 652 views:
QR Code Check Out Note: this post was the first post that really showed me the power of Twitter. You can read the post for details, but I saw a tweet, had an idea, put it into action, and BOOM it blew up on Twitter and this blog!
Number 4 with 2,581 views:
Creation Apps Used On The iPad Note: Received an email from a fellow teacher and shared the answers to her questions with the world!
Number 3 with 2,588 views:
Teaching Teachers Who Will Use 1:1 iPads in 2012 Note: It truly has been an amazing experience to share my lessons learned with others. It really isn't about what we do, it's about changing the culture of education.
Number 2 with 3,923 views:
8 Burning Questions About iPads in Class (Answered!) Note: This was my first major post to hit the thousand view mark. It really taught me the power of blogging and how if a blog post has good content, it can be beneficial for so many people.
and the Number 1 blog post with 4,303 views is...(drum roll)
Google Docs on the iPad Note: At the time of this post, Google Docs was working very well with iPads. Now, that's not the case. I hope it gets better, soon!
While those numbers are staggering for me as just a teacher who is trying to give back to the educational community, the real numbers that I cling to are...47, 30, 3, and 1 .
47 - Students
1 Amazing School District
I really felt like we met the needs of ALL children. The quiet who can provide a view and voice through apps and online discussions. The loud who can shout there thoughts through creative apps! The creative who can flourish through daily displays of their talent. The shy who can have a voice to the world through blogging. The film stars who love getting videod about a technology or academic find that they can share. The list can go on and on and on.
For the sake of our children, whether your classroom has 1 digital device or millions, think differently, help less, and demand students to think and create more. This was evident in the student responses to "What was the best learning experience of your year?" See the responses below.
A special thank you to all the readers of the iPaddiction website and the friends that I have made through Twitter! So many ideas so many times implemented!
As for the future, my district has allowed me to become a Grade 6-12 Technology Integration Specialist which means I will have the awesome opportunity to work with teachers to transform their educational settings with technology. The possibilities of the future are enormous, and I will continue to share everything! | <urn:uuid:79262510-b3ed-42df-b380-3f240500d4a1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ipaddiction.blogspot.co.uk/2012/06/ipad-integration-year-1-summary.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00466-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96245 | 634 | 1.570313 | 2 |
SEAI launches free testing programme for Irish marine energy developers
The Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) has teamed up with the country’s national ocean test centre Lir NOTF to offer free-of-charge access to its research and testing facilities for offshore renewable energy developers.
The access programme to the Lir NOTF is designed to enable the testing and progression of offshore renewable energy (ORE) technologies through the early development stages in advance of open sea testing.
Supported by SEAI, the free testing call is open for applications for any type of ORE technology that can be tested at Lir NOTF until 24 September 2021.
The test facilities include multidirectional wave basin, wave/current flume, wave flume and wave basin, and an electrical laboratory facility.
The range of available facilities provide potential users with the capability to test technology relating to offshore wind, tidal and wave energy, floating solar, as well as electrical and grid integration, and cross cutting technologies.
According to the call guidelines, detailed information is required regarding the proposed work, the test plan, the technical requirements and the anticipated outcomes.
Discussions between the applicant and the facility manager are mandatory during the application phase to ensure the facility is suitable for the proposed testing and to fine-tune the application, the guidelines state.
Each application will be evaluated by an independent selection panel who will consider the eligibility of the proposal and the technical feasibility, according to SEAI.
After the evaluation, the successful applicants will be notified and subsequently contacted by the facility managers to begin the process of organising the test campaign, which can last for up to two weeks or equivalent value.
Located in Ringaskiddy in Country Cork, the Lir-National Ocean Test Facility (Lir NOTF) is Ireland’s primary facility for testing and development of offshore technologies, with a long track record in supporting such technologies through early-stage technology readiness level (TRL) development. | <urn:uuid:83c69975-a221-4cc9-b8cd-68616d2693b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.offshore-energy.biz/seai-launches-free-testing-programme-for-irish-marine-energy-developers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.926727 | 401 | 1.679688 | 2 |
|Born||27 June 1917|
|Died||21 June 2007(aged 89)|
Sir Hugh Dacre Barrett-Lennard, 6th Baronet (27 June 1917 – 21 June 2007) was a Catholic priest. He previously served in the British Army in the Second World War, being mentioned in dispatches and ending the war as a captain. He became a priest of the London Oratory after the war, where he was noted for his eccentricity.
Barrett-Lennard's father, Sir Fiennes Cecil Arthur Barrett-Lennard (1880–1963), was a British soldier, who fought in the Boer War and in East Africa in the First World War, and became a judge in Malaya, then Johore and Kedah, and finally Chief Justice of Jamaica.
He was educated at Radley College in Oxfordshire. He and his mother converted to Roman Catholicism in the 1930s. He became a teacher at St Philip's prep school in Kensington, and was due to join the London Oratory when the Second World War broke out.
Second World War
On the outbreak of World War II, he enlisted in the British Army as a private in the London Scottish. He was commissioned and joined the Intelligence Corps before being transferred to the 2nd Battalion, Essex Regiment, part of the 56th Independent Infantry Brigade.
After the battalion received severe casualties on 11 June/12 June 1944, shortly after the D-Day landings, he took over the post of battalion Intelligence Officer until August 1944. Very early one morning at the time of the Battle of Falaise, he was responsible for a reconnaissance far into German lines in a jeep with only a driver for support. He was thus able to establish for the 56th Brigade and 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division that the Germans had swiftly retreated and advance was possible.
At the farthest extent of their patrol, they spoke to the local mayor while the Germans packed up and left on the other side of the Mairie. When challenged as to his identity by the mayor, Lt. Barrett-Lennard replied "Je suis L’Armee Britannique!" On return, his driver is reputed to have told all and sundry that Barrett-Lennard was bonkers.
He finished his army career as a captain and had twice been mentioned in dispatches. Two weeks prior to his demobilisation, he was in Berlin, Germany. With the war over, he established a school for soldiers preparing men for their demob and return to civilian life.
Back in London, he joined the London Congregation of the Oratory of St Philip Neri in Knightsbridge. He studied at the Pontifical Beda College in Rome, and was ordained as a Catholic priest at the Basilica of St John Lateran in Rome in 1950, alongside a German that he had shot at in Normandy. After his ordination, he became a parish priest at the London Oratory and became a priest to the Royal House Guards. He was one of the priests suggested by Alec Guinness who could help Laurence Olivier convert to Catholicism.
Father Hugh succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of a distant cousin, Sir Richard Barrett-Lennard, 5th Baronet, at Swallowfield Park, Reading on 28 December 1977.
Father Hugh helped at the Mass said in Bayeux Cathedral for the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of D-Day, in 1994. He also addressed the congregation and unveiled a plaque near the cathedral entrance to the soldiers of the 56th Infantry Brigade–the 2nd Battalions of the Essex Regiment, the Gloucestershire Regiment and the South Wales Borderers–who landed on Gold Beach on 6 June 1944 and pushed inland to secure the right flank of the British Second Army by that evening, liberating Bayeux the following day.
A colleague said of him that he shared "St Philip's eccentricity, especially about dress and those type of things. His family had a certain reputation for a lack of grandeur". He apparently inherited this from his eccentric great grandfather, Sir Thomas Barrett-Lennard, 1st Baronet, who wore very old and shabby clothing and had been mistakenly apprehended by the police as a miscreant and also assumed to be a servant when he opened the park gates to a carriage for which he received a tip.
Father Hugh died a few days before his ninetieth birthday. A Requiem Mass was held at Brompton Oratory on 3 July 2007. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by a distant cousin, although in July 2012 the baronetcy was still regarded as vacant.
- Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage
- ‘BARRETT-LENNARD, Rev. Sir Hugh (Dacre)’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2007; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 accessed 19 June 2013
- The Peerage
- Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, 4 August 2007
- 56th Infantry Brigade and D-Day, page 226
- Father Sir Hugh Dacre Barrett-Lennard in Panorama, the Journal of the Thurrock Local History Society, Number 44, 2006
- New York Times
- Olivier: The Authorised Biography, page 480
- Saint Mary Magdalen - Brighton UK: Of your Charity
- reported on the Thurrock Local History Society web site (http://www.thurrock-history.org.uk/fatherh.htm)
- the Standing Council of the Baronetage
|Baronetage of the United Kingdom|
(of Belhus, Essex)
Richard Fynes Barrett-Lennard | <urn:uuid:9823b131-08ad-454e-9f2d-ae116d9f45ae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Hugh_Barrett-Lennard,_6th_Baronet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972434 | 1,190 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Twitter and the Government of Canada are named in a lawsuit, filed in Ontario Superior Court by the documentary team behind The New Corporation in a case aimed at establishing the responsibilities of tech platforms. The case follows Twitter’s rejection of “boosted” posts featuring a trailer for the follow-up to 2004’s The Corporation. The sequel explores, in part, how big tech threatens democracy with the posts featuring clips and commentary from U.S. congresswoman Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez and Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, among others. Joel Bakan, the film’s writer, co-director and executive producer (who is also a law professor at University of British Columbia) says Twitter claimed the posts were too “political,” “sensitive,” and “inappropriate” to be promoted on its platform. The suit argues that because of the social platform’s central role in Canadian democratic discourse, Twitter should be legally prohibited from restricting political and social speech that causes no harm. Read more here.
YouTube has expanded Shorts, its own short-form video experience, to over 100 countries. First launched in India in Sept. 2020 to capitalize on the country’s ban on TikTok, YouTube claims that Shorts has since surpassed 6.5 billion daily views globally. | <urn:uuid:241bd133-d0bb-46ac-866e-606f8204cb56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://broadcastdialogue.com/online-digital-media-news-43/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.952448 | 273 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Aguadilla was founded in 1775 by Luis de Córdova, and is a city and municipality located in the northwestern tip of Puerto Rico bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, north of Aguada, and Moca and west of Isabela. Aguadilla is spread over 15 wards and Aguadilla Pueblo (The downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It's a principal city of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastiá
Occupying a small sliver of land wedged between Hwy 2 and the sea, this small coastal city is a patchwork development of surprising contradictions. It’s contemporary appeal – including a world-class surf scene and bright marine life – stands in vibrant contrast to Eisenhower-era tract housing and the graying campus of a retired US air-force base. Given its history, it’s no surprise that it is a confusing place to navigate, and like many Puerto Rican towns the historic quarter has been largely abandoned in favor of generic out-of-town shopping malls along Hwy 2.
The early colonizers of Aguadilla (founded in 1780) were Spanish loyalists fleeing from the Haitian invasion of Spanish Hispaniola in 1822. By the late 19th century the settlement had become an important port, but in 1918 its fortunes changed for the worse when it was ravaged by the destructive San Fermin earthquake and subsequent tsunami.
Attractions in town are few, though a recent renovation has spruced up the central Plaza Colón. Surfers head north to the unblemished beauty of Crash Boat, Shacks and Jobos beaches, while committed golfers wheel their clubs to the windy Punta Borinquen course built for President Dwight Eisenhower. If neither activity is appealing, bypass Aguadilla for Rincón. | <urn:uuid:72aa75bb-ecd0-47b5-b32f-067b5fa814c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.capitol-air.com/blog/page/Flights-to-Aguadilla-Puerto-Rico.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.955887 | 378 | 2.25 | 2 |
Most of 401Okay and Roth IRA account are diversified into US Treasury bonds and yields have plunged for greater than 20 years now. Rate of interest is a key indicator of the financial system, as they symbolize the mindset of the folks. Spending cash doesn’t confer progress as a result of spending deplete assets and capital wanted for brand new companies.
The explanation bond yields have gone down is as a result of the central bankers world wide printed cash out of skinny air and flooded the monetary markets and the financial system with new cash. The rates of interest had been artificially lowered throughout each monetary disaster since 1971. How would an financial system run on zero rates of interest? This implies individuals who get monetary savings do not get any return on them.
Central banks continually monetize authorities treasuries to finance the federal government. This causes inflation of asset costs, central bankers are the enablers of presidency debt. Financial institution of England just lately restarted the QE program after the Brexit, through the bond public sale many monetary establishments failed to show up for the public sale. ECB has been buying each bond throughout Europe and financing the price range deficit international locations. German bond yields are buying and selling close to zero p.c.
Financial institution of Japan has been monetizing debt for years and but there may be deflationary strain within the financial system as a result of japan exports most of its product overseas and so they convert the monetized Japanese bond to purchase the US greenback and treasury to maintain the worth of yen aggressive for the export of merchandise.
Many of the international locations have nationwide debt exceeding their GDP however what’s sustaining the debt is the manufacturing within the nation however at one level of time debt wins out inflicting havoc. As soon as the central bankers change into the web purchaser of bonds, there shall be carnage within the forex market the place traders and folks scramble to promote the bonds because the yields plunge however the forex worth can even plunge together with it.
International locations which had price range surpluses with America are unloading their US treasury holding, as they perceive US debt is elevating to unmanageable ranges and pegging their forex with the greenback would trigger extreme devastation to their international locations. Saudi and China are the front-runners in dumping the US treasury bonds.
Chinese language Central financial institution (PBOC), Indian Reserve Financial institution and Russian central financial institution have actively reallocated their international reserves since 2009 disaster, they’ve change into the web purchasers of commodities particularly gold. Gold acts as a hedge towards the greenback collapse; most of those international locations maintain trillion of US treasury and greenback denominated belongings. Buy Online at Tyram Lakes Bond
There are many occasions which might have important influence on the bonds starting from Brexit- invoking of article 50, EU debt disaster, QE packages from the central banks, Acknowledgement from the fed that the US Financial system is weak, Japanese bond disaster and many others. Quite a lot of turmoil lies forward however one type of forex holds safety towards the reckless financial insurance policies. Gold is an inflation hedge and protects your buying energy. Bodily gold will be bought in Roth IRA and Self Directed IRA. | <urn:uuid:4ef4a691-b2ba-42a8-96c6-8c19ff1e5dc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ownwatches.co.uk/how-to-protect-yourself-from-the-coming-bond-crisis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.946412 | 653 | 2.09375 | 2 |
That is true.
AMD Phenom II X6 1055T / 2.8 GHz O/C to 4GHZ
Well, quad cores do offer significant advantage over a single or dual core machine, especially in gaming and video conversion.
You can have a look at this article http://www.techspot.com/review/615-far-cry-3-performance/page6.html. It clearly mentions that modern games can take full advantage of multiple threads and cores.
Even when using video conversion applications, the more cores and threads you have the better. There aren't a lot of choices out there that would utilize the gpu cores( everyday home use apps). Badaboom was one, but it's no longer available for purchase.
But, I do agree that a hexa-core or above may not be of much use for home PCs. In fact having more ram is useful.
Primary is 4-core, secondary 2-core.
Sorry pcnerd -- you couldn't be more wrong. In my experience, those running dual core machines are experiencing significant delays in simple browser operations. If you are running AV and trying to access a secure site with java scripting you might as well give up -- both cores will be maxed while you wait for the page to load.
Faster is always better. Someone once said the no one would ever need more than 64k of ram as well.
I have quad core for my primary work and home computer.
My primary runs 4 cores with the AMD Phenom II X 555 BE. I unlocked the dual core into four making it an X4 series. Now running @ 3.80Ghz from 3.2 Ghz default clock.
Patheticly I still run a single core until now it seems more then enough cause I do console gaming but after my exams I will be buying a gaming rig to start my computer gaming experience..
I did 2 cores since my aging work station's(precision 670) technically only running two 3.8ghz Xeons (each 1 core 2 thread), but I have the ability to run the early Paxville dual cores,and I have them already and have run them every once in awhile, but since there netburst based running at 2.8ghz is kinda a downside for them, really wish intel would have invested a bit more time and made the DP Xeons of this era at least 3.2ghz. I am currently gaming a lot so I went back to the higher clocked dual cores since I get much better gaming results since most games except the newer ones only really use 2 cores, the few games I play with quad core ( or more) support actually play quit well on the two dual core setup, can't wait for more games to really use the quad core well, then I can throw my paxville's back in here and hopefully get another year or two out of this thing.
Where do you get a 12 core? I'd like to see this
I'm sure you are already aware, you get 12+ cores with dual or quad socket motherboards.
Amd opteron 627x and 637x are all 16 core single Chips, so you can have 32 cores if you wish on a dual socket mobo. and there's also amd opterons on the 12 core end of things, for intel you gotta have more then 1 cpu to get to 12 actual cores but getting to 12 logical cores is pretty easy.
Update my old single core pentium 4 gone welcome home i5-3570k add me to the quad cores
Running 3960x with stock speed.
Guess I should update now, I have gone backwards, running 1 core (2 thread) atm, but at 5.0ghz
Couple of 1 core
Couple of 2 core
Lots of 4 core..
I3570K, 4 cores, OC'd to 4.2, air cooled.
I (may) move up to an I7 for the 8 threads but this is really not necessary.
Just upgraded from a C2 Quad to a 6 core 3930k.and I also have several other quads some dual and some singles, I'm not listing all uless its very important..
This is a interesting subject,hope more people could join iit
OH..I just built the ol-lady a new rig,aswell, up from her C2D e7200 ,now a 3570k;so my first rig AMDK6 266/300, ...a 1gig P3, 3.0E P4, 2x single core 3.6Gig P4's,,5 dualcores PD840EE,PD935,C2DE7200,E8500,X6800,4 Quads, C2QX9770,QX6850,Q9450,i5 3570k, and my 3930k 6 core.. .
The PD 840 Extreme Edition, Btw, was essentially my first quadcore as it was a dual core with hyper threading,showed 4 threads running, the first quad core ,in my book..and I still have all of my hardware stored around here somewhere.
Reported 2, but in a couple of months will be on a new build with 4.
Primary AMD FX-8350 only a small O/C to 4.5ghz
Work machine - Intel core I7 - 4770k
I run a 2 core intel i3 2120.
Primary: Windows Server 2012 Datacenter on dual Xeon E5649 workstation. 12 cores.
Work machines: 1x core i7 920 - 4 cores, 1x Xeon E5420 - 4 cores, 1x core i7 3930 - 6 cores.
Cluster: Centos on 16x Xeon X3350 4 cores each plus 8x dual E5620, 8 cores each. Total? 128 cores.
Just need massive amount of cores and ram for computational physics. | <urn:uuid:921d4c58-6c96-4def-81ac-a46b2635d5af> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.techspot.com/community/topics/how-many-cores-power-your-primary-machine.171334/page-3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00294-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921839 | 1,249 | 1.671875 | 2 |
NOAA Teacher at Sea
Onboard NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette
May 2 – 25, 2004
Mission: Swordfish Assessment Survey
Geographical Area: Hawaiian Islands
Date: May 2, 2004
Science and Technology Log
This morning we set sail at 10AM. After lunch and drills, the crew set out a longline of about 2 miles of un-baited hooks which were immediately retrieved. This was done as a test of equipment and to help crew get the rhythm of the procedure. I was asked to stand by the spool as line was fed to the stern. My role was to watch for any slackin the line, brake the spool to take up any slack or stop the spool if it tangled (bird nested). All went well on the test.
Scientists and their teams were busy setting up their respective labs and preparing for the work ahead. One team will be doing vision studies using retinas removed from selected animals. Muscle tissue and blood samples will be taken for other studies. Plankton tows will be done at daylight and night to collect specific types present at those different times of the day.
Some fish will be tagged and released. The pop up archival tags record an animal’s depth, latitude and longitudes and other data as it moves through the ocean over a specified period, perhaps 8 months. After that time, the tag automatically is released from the fish, pops to the surface and transmits its data to a satellite.
The longline was set to be deployed at 8PM, but due to rough seas that effort was cancelled. So as you can tell, this was a day of preparation, with the real science soon to come.
I arrived Friday, April 30 after nearly 23 waking hours, 5000 air miles and 10.5 air hours from Harrisburg, PA. It was not difficult to find comfort in my upper berth aboard the SETTE. On Saturday, I was up by 8AM, walked about Honolulu most of the day. I had brief tour of the ship with chief scientist Rich Brill. By Sunday, I felt well rested and comfortable at sea until after supper. By then things were a bit rough and most of supper and perhaps a bit of lunch came back up. But I slept well — horizontal felt best.
Question for Today:
Locaction, location, location:
Determine the change in latitude and longitude from your home to Honolulu. How many time zones are crossed? State the westernmost and easternmost longitudes of the entire Hawaiian Island chain. State the northernmost and southernmost latitudes of the Hawaiian Island chain. | <urn:uuid:091afdc1-f5eb-4891-b78b-faf27414b947> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://noaateacheratsea.blog/2004/05/02/geoff-goodenow-may-2-2004/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00231-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964342 | 535 | 2.0625 | 2 |
- freely available
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12(10), 7271-7285; doi:10.3390/ijms12107271
Abstract: The factor VIII gene (F8) intron 22 inversion (Inv22) is a paradigmatic duplicon-mediated rearrangement, found in about one half of patients with severe hemophilia A worldwide. The identification of this prevalent cause of hemophilia was delayed for nine years after the F8 characterization in 1984. The aim of this review is to present the wide diversity of practical approaches that have been developed for genotyping the Inv22 (and related int22h rearrangements) since discovery in 1993. The sequence— Southern blot, long distance-PCR and inverse shifting-PCR—for Inv22 genotyping is an interesting example of scientific ingenuity and evolution in order to resolve challenging molecular diagnostic problems.
Scientific development is not smoothly continuous but rather occurs in steps. There are several examples that prove the causative connection between each one of these steps and the use of novel experimental approaches. A typical example in the area of life sciences is the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , which has revolutionized molecular diagnosis in medicine. Therefore, to tell the story of technical developments in a scientific discipline is perhaps the best way to understand it in depth. Notably, due to the molecular characteristics of the genes involved in hemophilia A and B (i.e., their different molecular sizes and structure complexities) a significant number of scientists who designed and developed innovative technical approaches for mutation detection and genotyping, worked in hemophilia.
Hemophilia A (HA) (OMIM 306700) is the most severe inherited bleeding disorder that affects humans. A deficiency in FVIII clotting activity leads to this coagulopathy, which affects 1 in 5,000 males worldwide. This makes HA one of the most common X-linked inherited diseases. Virtually all patients with HA associate with deleterious mutations within the coagulation factor VIII gene (F8). A familial history of the disease is known in about two thirds of cases, and it appears sporadically in one third of cases. HA is expressed in a wide range of clinical severities and these differences associate with the type and location of the causative gene defect. Therefore, HA is caused by a heterogeneous spectrum of molecular defects in F8 including deletions, large DNA inversions, nonsense mutations, ins/del-frameshifts, splice variants and a large number of missense point mutations, all of which can cause defects in the expression, secretion, and/or half-life of FVIII in circulation.
HA can be classified by the residual clotting activity of FVIII as severe, moderate or mild disease, affecting about 40%, 10% and 50% of patients with HA, respectively. As a recessive X-linked disorder, the residual activity of plasmatic FVIII in heterozygous carrier females of severe F8 mutations is usually ~50% with respect to a non-carrier individual. Although extremely rare, homozygous females may also suffer from hemophilia in a similar way to hemizygous male patients . However, most of the few cases of hemophilia expression in females are due to the coexistence of skewed Lyonization (biased Xchromosome inactivation) and the heterozygous carrier condition .
An international database, the HA mutation, structure, test and resource site (HAMSTeRS, URL: http://hadb.org.uk) contains extensive information, including a curated list of previously reported mutations and polymorphisms in F8 . Today, 1,209 total unique mutations of different types are collected in the worldwide database HAMSTeRS, and 797 are single-base substitutions (point mutations) (database accessed 17/10/2011). Approximately one half of the severe cases of HA are caused by inversions between a sequence located within intron 22 of the F8 gene and sequences outside the F8 gene.
Also characteristic of HA is the development of inhibitory antibodies against therapeutic FVIII (inhibitors) in approximately 15–35% of patients with severe HA. Particularly, FVIII inhibitors neutralize the substituted FVIII in about 21% of intron 22 inversions (a large series of patients with severe HA from the Bonn Centre, Germany) , a rate slightly higher than the average across all severe HA causative mutations, but lower than those cases associated with large deletions or nonsense mutations.
2. Milestones in Hemophilia A Mutation Characterization
2.1. 1984–1993: Cloning and Characterization of the Human Coagulation Factor VIII
The human F8 gene was cloned between 1982 and 1984 . At that time the gene was the largest described , and at approximately 187 kb, remains one of the largest (chrX:154,064,070-154,250,998, UCSC genome browser, access date 17/10/2011 ). Genetic mapping positioned the F8 gene in the most distal band (Xq28) of the long arm of the X-chromosome. The F8 gene contains 26 exons, which vary in length from 69 to 3,106 base pairs (bp). Intron sequences correspond to 177.9 kb, and are removed from the primary transcript product during splicing to generate a mature F8 mRNA of approximately 9 kb in length that predicts a precursor protein of 2,351 amino acids. Of the larger intron sequences, we found six that are greater than 14 kb (introns 1, 6, 13, 14, 22 and 25), with intron 22 the largest at 32.8 kb in length .
Levinson et al. (1990) found a curious example of a gene within a gene. Looking for transcripts within a region of Xq28 associated with several neurological disorders, the authors identified a CpG island in the largest F8 intron. This CpG island was associated with a 1.8 kb transcript referred to as the A gene (F8A). The nested F8A gene was oriented in opposite direction to that of F8 and contained no intervening sequences. Computer analysis of the sequence suggested that the F8A gene encodes a protein with the complication that codon usage analysis suggested a frameshift halfway through the gene. Freije and Schlessinger (1992) subsequently demonstrated that the X-chromosome contains three copies of F8A and its adjacent regions, one in intron 22 and two telomeric and approximately 500 kb upstream to the F8 gene transcription start site.
In 1992, Levinson et al. reported another transcript of 2.5 kb, F8B, that emanates from the same F8 intron 22 CpG island as F8A and transcribes in the same direction as F8. The divergent transcripts F8A and F8B originate from within 122 bases of each start point. The newly identified 5′ exon of F8B in F8 intron 22 potentially codes for eight amino acids and was spliced to F8 exons 23–26, with the F8 reading frame maintained .
Following these discoveries, Lakich et al. (1993) pointed out that intron 22 was unusual in many respects. Containing 32.8 kb, it is the largest intron in the F8 gene. It also contains a CpG island, located about 10 kb downstream of exon 22 . This CpG island appears to serve as a bidirectional promoter for the F8A and F8B genes, which are both expressed ubiquitously in different tissues . In 2001, F8A gene was shown to code for a 40 kD huntingtin-associated protein, termed HAP40 and is thought to be involved in the aberrant nuclear localization of the huntingtin protein in Huntington disease. The function of F8B is not known. Because there is no F8B equivalent in the mouse genome, transgenic mice that express the wild-type human F8B under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter have been used to understand its function. Surprisingly, these F8B transgenic mice showed growth retardation, microcephaly and severe ocular defects, evidence that should encourage further studies of this protein .
2.2. 1993–2005: F8 Intron 22 Inversion Discovery and Detection
In 1993, two research groups—one led by Jane Gitschier in USA and the other one by Francesco Giannelli in UK—independently observed that one half of severe HA patients had no detectable mutation in the promoter, coding sequences or normal RNA processing signals of the F8 gene [11,14]. Instead they revealed a unique mRNA defect that prevents the amplification of the message across the boundary between exon 22 and 23. This feature located the defect to internal regions of intron 22 and a model was proposed based on recombination between homologous F8A sequences located in intron 22 and upstream of the F8 gene. Such event of homologous recombination would lead to an inversion of all intervening DNA and a disruption of the F8 gene. Both groups presented evidence to support this model.
Unbroken F8 gene sequences are shown as green hatched boxes and rearranged F8 sequences as orange hatched boxes; intragenic int22h-1 is shown as a closed chevron; int22h-2 and int22h-3, within the arms of a large imperfect palindrome (blue), are shown as grey and open chevrons, respectively. Chimeric int22h sequences are denoted as [/] e.g., int22h-1/-2 represents the chimera between h-1 and h-2. Each schematic displays: (a) ISPCR based approaches developed by Rossetti et al. [15,16], wherein “B” represents a Bcl I restriction site after self-end ligation; (b) Southern blot analysis as described by Lakich et al. (1993) , wherein dashed lines show Bcl I restriction fragment sizes (kb); and (c) LDPCR based approaches of Bagnall et al. (2006) (upper) and Liu et al. (1998) (lower). Please refer to text for further explanation of details, including derivation of primers with orientation marked by arrowheads.
Lakich et al. (1993) further described a Southern blot assay based on Bcl I restriction and an F8A probe for which the sizes of two of the three normal hybridization bands were characteristically altered in patients presenting intron 22 inversions (Inv22) [Figure 1A-D(b)]. They suggested that this assay should permit genetic prediction of HA in approximately 45% of families with severe disease . Both the USA and UK groups found that this mutation occurred at the surprising rate of approximately 4 × 10−6 per gene, per gamete, per generation [11,14].
2.2.1. First Generation: Southern Blot Analysis as the Gold Standard and Early Findings about Inv22
Southern blot analysis, as described by Lakich et al. (1993) , is still considered the reference method for Inv22 genotyping. These investigators showed that Inv22 can present two different band patterns named distal or type I, and proximal or type II (Inv22-1 and Inv22-2, respectively). Inv22 Southern blot analysis is defined by Bcl I enzyme restriction and a labeled probe (900 bp Eco RI-Sac I fragment of plasmid p462.6, ATCC #57203) corresponding to the F8A gene located within F8 intron 22 and therefore also the two extragenic copies. Accordingly, Southern blot analysis resolves different patterns each containing three signals per allele, i.e., no-Inv22 (normal allele) associated with signals of 21.5, 16, and 14 kb [Figure 1A(b) and 1B(b)]; Inv22-1, with signals of 20.0, 17.5 and 14.0 kb [Figure 1C(b)]; and Inv22-2, with signals of 20.0, 16.0, and 15.5 kb [Figure 1D(b)].
Southern blot analysis is technically robust, enables identification of all types of inversions (Inv22-1 and Inv22-2), and permits a semiquantitative evaluation of Inv22 heterozygous carrier mosaicism as in the case described by Oldenburg et al. (2000) . However, this technique is labor-intensive requiring 8–10 days to obtain the results. Use of hazardous radiochemicals is a further disadvantage and requires authorized personnel, although use of chemiluminescence probe labeling may circumvent these potential risks.
Interestingly, Rossiter et al. (1994) found that Inv22 originates predominantly from male germ cells and hypothesized that the presence of a second X chromosome in female meiosis would hinder the intrachromosomal non-allelic pairing required for Inv22. They presented convincing evidence supporting their findings using linkage analysis. This approach confirmed that, when occurring at the grandparents’ generation, the Inv22 was always associated with the grandfather germline (20 out of 20 informative families studied), whereas only one out of 50 mothers of sporadic cases with severe HA and the Inv22 were carriers. Contemporaneously, Tizzano et al. (1995) observed in a Spanish population that all mothers of patients with isolated HA caused by the Inv22 resulted from carriers, also indicating that Inv22 originates in male germ cells.
Oldenburg et al. (2000) reported the first instance of Inv22 presenting as somatic mosaicism in a female, affecting only about 50% of lymphocyte and fibroblast cells. Supposing a postzygotic de novo mutation as the usual cause of somatic mosaicism, the finding implies that the Inv22 mutation is not restricted to meiotic cell divisions but can also occur during mitotic cell divisions, either in germ cell precursors or in somatic cells.
Aiming to define the exact extent of the homologous sequences involved in the Inv22 crossing over event, Naylor et al. (1995) studied an intragenic clone containing F8 intron 22, which contains a copy of F8A, and two extragenic clones each with a single copy of F8A located by the Xq telomere using PCR amplification, chemical cleavage of mismatch (CCM) and DNA sequencing. They precisely defined the repeated region of 9.5 kb and named it int22h-1 (intron 22 homologous region-1) (intragenic to F8), and int22h-2 and int22h-3 (both extragenic to F8). The inversion junctions were shown to represent precise exchanges between the int22h repeats without insertions or deletions, thus providing conclusive evidence for homologous recombination . The three copies of int22h were compared along more than 8 kb of their length, using CCM analysis, and found to be 99.9% similar . The presence of such long and almost identical inverted repeats near the Xq telomere could account for the high frequency at which the inversions occur .
Antonarakis et al. (1995) collected data on 2,093 samples from laboratories all over the world and concluded that the common inversion mutations are found in 42% of patients with severe HA (35% of Inv22 type I, 7% of type II and 0.05% of rare variants such as types IIIa and IIIb). Whereas 98% of all mothers of patients with Inv22 were carriers, data from this study was only one de novo inversion event occurring in maternal somatic cells for every 25 mothers of sporadic cases. When the maternal grandparental origin of inversions was examined the ratio of de novo occurrences in male:female germ cells was 69:1. In Argentina, De Brasi et al. (2000) found similar figures for Inv22 type I and type II, although they did not find rare types in a group of 34 patients with severe HA (i.e., 41% of total Inv22, 35% of Inv22-1 and 6% of Inv22-2). According to previous series and the evidence discussed above, the Argentine series showed that all mothers of patients with the Inv22 (and particularly those mothers of isolated cases of hemophilia) were conventional heterozygous carriers, as detected in peripheral blood DNA samples, excluding the possibility of de novo mutation in their gonads.
2.2.2. Second Generation: Long Distance-PCR Based Approaches
During the early 1990s, the Inv22 was detectable only by labor-intensive Southern blot analysis. Therefore, a simpler, more rapid and less expensive test for Inv22 genotyping was highly desirable. Steve Sommer in USA designed a single-tube PCR assay that combines overlapping PCR with long distance-PCR (LD-PCR) to achieve the genetic diagnosis of Inv22 causing severe HA . The new method was simple, rapid and relatively inexpensive and thus became the method of choice in many laboratories worldwide.
The inversion was detected by performing LD-PCR directly from genomic DNA with four primers that differentiate the wild-type, Inv22, and carrier genotypes. Two primers, P and Q, located within the F8 at positions −1,212 bp and +1,334 bp flanking int22h-1, when combined with two different primers, A and B, flanking the two extragenic repeats int22h-2 and int22h-3 each at −167 bp and +118 bp, yield segments PQ (12 kb) and AB (10 kb) in a hemizygous individual without Inv22 and segments PB (11 kb) and AQ (11 kb) along with the 10 kb AB segment from the intact extragenic homolog in a patient with the Inv22 [Figure 1A-D(c)]. This assay does not differentiate Inv22 types I and II. Inv22 female carriers produce PQ, PB, AQ, and AB segments. In all cases, an AB segment serves as an internal control because at least one copy of int22h-2 or int22h-3 remains intact. The three long amplimers were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis 0.6% for 6–8 hours .
Efficient amplification of the four segments depended on three unusual modifications for LD-PCR protocols: (i) high concentrations of dimethyl-sulfoxide; (ii) addition of 7-deaza-dGTP; and (iii) high concentration of a mix of Taq and Pwo DNA polymerases . However, one of the segments was amplified much more efficiently than the others under standard three-temperature cycling conditions. Consequently, to facilitate the uniform amplification of the multiple regions, subcycling-PCR was included in this protocol .
The accomplishment to amplify long amplimers encompassing int22h duplicons by Sommer’s group opened the possibility to investigate a highly informative restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of enzyme Xba I . Notably, the contemporary reports of El-Maari et al. (1999) and De Brasi et al. both described methods based on hemispecific LD-PCR for Xba I RFLP genotyping, one primer targeting single copy DNA on F8 intron 22 and the second primer targeting int22h repeat sequence. By application of the same approach of hemispecific LD-PCR for int22h-1 specific amplification followed by nested PCR amplification, Bowen et al. (2000) presented a new RFLP of the restriction enzyme Msp I that proved heterozygous in about 46% of females of Caucasian origin. In addition, De Brasi et al. (2003) reported streamlined genotyping of the Xba I and Msp I RFLP by use of a separate LD-PCR product obtained with primers P and Q to specifically amplify int22h-1 followed by nested PCR. The authors reported a combined heterozygosity of 63% in Argentine population, which is an exceptionally high figure for such linked markers (750 bp).
Contrasting with the significant virtues of LD-PCR for Inv22 genotyping, amplification of such long amplimers (>10 kb) including a tract of about 3.3 kb with 79% of CG content made this assay somewhat dependent on narrow ranges of input DNA qualities, thermocycling and reagent conditions . With an objective to improve Inv22 genotyping efficiency, Bowen and Kenney (2003) unleashed the multiplex LD-PCR single tube reaction into four separate LD-PCR reactions for each of the primer pairs PQ, PB, AQ and AB [Figure 1A-D(c)]. This separation permitted more robust amplification for each primer pair, and results were readily interpretable using standard agarose gel electrophoresis.
2.2.3. Third Generation: Inverse Shifting-PCR Based Approaches
In order to overcome the problems associated with direct amplification of int22h duplicons, Rossetti et al. (2005) designed an alternative approach for Inv22 genotyping based on a variant of the classical inverse-PCR designed by Ochman et al. (1988) . Novel Inv22 inverse-PCR analysis was inspired by the typical signal shift from 21.5 to 20 kb on Southern blot autoradiograms indicative of the presence of Inv22 type I or type II . This alternative inverse-PCR based protocol included three steps: (i) Bcl I restriction; (ii) self-ligation of restriction fragment ends yielding Bcl I circles; and (iii) standard multiplex PCR analysis (Figure 2). Three years later, this approach was named inverse shifting-PCR (IS-PCR) because it differs from classical inverse-PCR in that primers target at short definite distances from the site of restriction/ligation and, therefore, a sequence change associated with a particular rearrangement generates a chimeric circle that is recognized by a shift in primer usage and is ultimately reflected by the predicted size of IS-PCR product (Figure 2).
Inv22 analysis by IS-PCR was achieved using three different primers (ID, IU, ED) that yielded a 487 bp amplicon (ID/IU) for the wild-type intragenic allele and a 559 bp amplicon (ED/IU) for the Inv22 allele (Figure 2). PCR products were analyzed by standard agarose gel electrophoresis. It is important to reinforce that primers for IS-PCR were targeted to regions free of human repeats and low-complexity DNA by masking the relevant regions .
2.3. 2005–2011: Completion of the Human X-Chromosome Sequence and Definition of Hypothetical int22h-Mediated Rearrangements. Unraveling a Complex Picture
The traditional picture stated by Naylor et al. (1995), which reigned for a decade, proposed that both int22h-2 and int22h-3 should be in opposite orientation to int22h-1 on the X-chromosome . In this scenario, intrachromosomal homologous recombination between int22h-1 and either of the two extragenic copies may result in the two varieties (types) of the recurrent inversions that cause almost half of cases of severe HA. It was believed that int22h-1 interacts with either the proximal (int22h-2), or the distal (int22h-3) extragenic copy, generating either Inv22 type II or type I, respectively. By this model, interaction between int22h-1 and int22h-3 would be favored over those between int22h-1 and int22h-2, thus explaining their relative frequencies (4:1, Inv22 type I: type II) (Naylor et al. 1995) .
Availability of the DNA sequence of the X-chromosome in 2005 showed that int22h-2 and int22h-3 are found within the arms of a large imperfect palindrome, and only int22h-3 should be involved in these inversions (Figure 1A and 1B). The duplicated inverted sections (arms) are 50 kb-long and are separated by 67 kb of non-duplicated spacer sequence (Figure 1A and 1B). The int22h-2 and int22h-3 regions lie adjacent to the spacer sequence, and the more proximal of these (traditionally int22h-2) is in the same orientation as int22h-1. Therefore, recombination between int22h-1 and int22h-2 should lead to deletions or duplications rather than inversion .
Bagnall et al. (2005) suggested an attractive hypothesis to explain the relative frequencies of type I and type II inversions . These investigators proposed that the large palindrome arms could recombine frequently with each other to generate an inversion of the central 67 kb segment (spacer) that expresses in the human population as a structural inversion polymorphism with frequencies of 80% and 20% for the two variants, i.e., h123 and h132, respectively (Figure 1A and 1B).
2.3.1. More on the Second and Third Generation. New Tests to Allow Comprehensive Detection of int22h-Related Rearrangements
Unfortunately, Inv22 genotyping by LD-PCR (1998) and IS-PCR (2005) does not permit discrimination of type I and type II Inv22 patterns (Figure 1C and 1D), nor, perhaps more importantly, do these methods allow detection of hypothesized int22h-related deletions (Del22) (Figure 1E and 1F) or duplications (Dup22) (Figure 1G). These limitations of rapid approaches for Inv22 genotyping opened up the possibility that molecular diagnosis may be misrepresented in some cases.
In a bid to overcome these limitations and to improve molecular diagnosis of Inv22, new protocols for Inv22 detection based on LD-PCR (2006) and IS-PCR (2008) were developed with the intention to identify all int22h rearrangements. Both of these revised protocols allow discrimination of Inv22 type I and type II patterns (Figure 1C and 1D), int22h-mediated deletions (Del22-1, Del22-2) (Figure 1E and 1F), and duplications (Dup22) (Figure 1G) by using complementary or additional diagnostics tests (Figure 1A-G(a) and 1A-G(c)).
Bagnall et al. (2006) developed an LD-PCR based method for specific detection of Inv22 patterns type I and type II using a single test with four primers (named H1R, H1F, H2F and H3F) yielding a 10 kb product in normal DNA representing the intact int22h-1 region, and signals of 11.5 and 12.7 kb in DNA from patients with the Inv22 type I and type II, respectively [Figure 1C-D(c)]. These latter signals represent the more centromeric reciprocal of the int22h recombined sequences, which respectively contain part of int22h-3 and int22h-2. DNA samples from Inv22 heterozygous carriers show one of the mentioned Inv22 specific signals accompanied by the 10 kb signal seen in normal DNA that contains the non recombined copy of int22h-1 (Figure 1A-B(c)). As equally-oriented int22h-mediated duplications and/or deletions were likely to occur, it is useful to have complementary tests for detecting and distinguishing them from the inversions that cause severe HA. Consequently, Bagnall et al. (2006) designed two complementary tests (Co1° and Co2°) using two combinations of primers. The test Co1° with primers H1F and H2/3R shows a signal of 9.6 kb from samples with the Inv22-1, Inv22-2 and Dup22 [Figure 1C(c), 1D(c) and 1G(c)], whereas Del22 type I or type II associates with an absence of signals; and Co2° with primers H1R, H3F and H2F shows an absence of signals from samples with Dup22, and a signal of 11.5 kb from either Inv22 or Del 22 type I alleles [Figure 1C(c) and 1E(c)] and 12.7 kb from either Inv22 or Del 22 type II alleles [Figure 1D(c) and 1F(c)].
Likewise, Rossetti et al. (2008) modified their earlier reported IS-PCR protocol to resolve all Bcl I restriction fragments detected by classical Southern blot analysis . This modified protocol enables detection of Inv22 type I and type II as well as Del22 type I and type II, and Dup22 . Similar to its precursor, this modified IS-PCR protocol avoids direct amplification of int22h duplicons, and uses two standard PCR tests for the same substrate (Bcl I circles). The modified protocol includes two multiplex PCR assays: (i) a diagnostic test, which is pattern-sensitive and differentiates HA causative Inv22 and Del22 mutations from non-HA causative Dup22 and normal variants; and (ii) a complementary test intended to distinguish between Inv22 and Del22, and between Dup22 and normal allele. The diagnostic test applies primer ID with a set of three primers U (IU, 2U and 3U), enabling discrimination of normal/Dup22 allele, associated with a signal of 487 bp [Figure 1A-B(a) and 1G(a)], from Inv22/Del22 type I, with a signal of 333 bp [Figure 1C(a) and 1E(a)], and Inv22/Del22 type II with a signal of 385 bp [Figure 1D(a) and 1F(a)]. The complementary test applies primer ED with the same set of three primers U, and extends diagnostic test findings . On the complementary test the normal allele shows two signals of 457 and 405 bp [Figure 1A-B(a)]; Dup22, three signals of 559, 457 and 405 bp [Figure 1G(a)]; Inv22 type I, two signals of 457 and 559 bp [Figure 1C(a)]; Del22 type I, only one signal of 457 bp [Figure 1E(a)]; Inv22 type II, two signals of 405 and 559 bp [Figure 1D(a)]; and Del22 type II shows only one signal of 405 bp [Figure 1F(a)].
IS-PCR based approaches for Inv22 genotyping have proved to enable detection and semi-quantitative assessment of carrier mosaicisms, and performed robustly over wide ranges of DNA qualities and procedural conditions, including for prenatal diagnosis . The key step to achieve successful inverse-PCR protocols is the formation of DNA circles from restriction fragments by self-end ligation. Rossetti et al. (2008) estimated the circularization efficiency range from 2–10 units of templates per circle for the formation of DNA circles of approximately 20 kb.
Despite ongoing efforts to develop technical approaches that would correctly diagnose hypothetical equally-oriented int22h-mediated rearrangements (Figure 1), only recently have such genotypes been found. Notably, a recent paper of Abou-Elew et al. (2011) reported three cases with signal patterns associated with Del22 (two Del22 type II and one Del22 type I) in a group of 13 Egyptian patients with HA by use of the new IS-PCR based two-test approach. This finding is somewhat unexpected taking into account that Del22 involves a loss of more than 500 kb of genomic DNA spanning a number of genes, five of which predict well characterized syndromes with specifically defined phenotypes in addition to HA . In addition, Abelleyro et al. (2011) presented a different practical approach to support the molecular diagnosis of Del22, by stating the absence or presence of a number of evenly spaced STS (sequence tagged sites) in order to confirm or to exclude the Del22 associated gap, respectively.
3. Significance of the Human Genome Project for Inv22 Detection and Diagnosis of HA
This review of an important area of molecular diagnosis in humans clearly shows that the development of new genotyping methods for int22h-mediated rearrangements relies on the extraordinary achievements of the Human Genome Project. In particular, the completion and release of the human X-chromosome sequence permitted an accurate definition of both hypothetical and well established int22h-mediated rearrangements. De Brasi and Bowen (2008) made use of widely available bioinformatic resources, such as BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) and Smith-Waterman algorithms, to calculate the exact extent of int22h duplicons and their nucleotide sequence differences, the size and location of the large inverted repeats as the arms of the large imperfect palindrome int22h-2 and int22h-3, and to precisely define the full range of int22h-mediated rearrangements (i.e., Inv22, Del22 and Dup22).
Moreover, it has been demonstrated that bioinformatic resources developed from Human Genome Project initiatives, are providing essential tools for the accurate design of experiments in the molecular biology field. The recent design of both LD-PCR and IS-PCR based approaches for genotyping int22h-mediated rearrangements offers two clear examples of this [37,16]. IS-PCR-based genotyping for int22h-related rearrangements was designed using the latest version at that time of the nucleotide sequence of the human X chromosome, GenBank accession NC_000023.9, nt.153,500,000-154,387,415, which encompassed the entire F8, and the centromeric and telomeric arms of the 168 kb imperfect palindrome in which int22h-2 and int22h-3 are located.
Sequence analysis required extensive application of in silico tools including Bcl I restriction mapping, DNA sequence alignments, repeat masking, virtual circle formation by self-end ligation and oligonucleotide primer selection. Additionally, in order to illustrate the usefulness of bioinformatic developments in the area of molecular diagnostic medicine even further, the repeat masker web server (URL: http://www.repeatmasker.org) was used to map human repeats throughout all relevant sequences in order to limit the primer target sites to human repeat-free regions [15,16].
In summary, three genotyping methods presently allow Inv22 analysis to discriminate all int22h-mediated rearrangements (i.e., Inv22, Del22 and Dup22), thus reducing potential diagnostic mistakes to a minimum. These methods include Southern blot analysis by Lakich et al. (1993) , the discriminative three-test based LD-PCR by Bagnall et al. (2006) , and the discriminative two-test based IS-PCR by Rossetti et al. (2008) . These three generations of molecular methods for genotyping the hemophilia inversion hotspot are valuable examples of international cooperation, experimental ingenuity and, ultimately, scientific evolution to solve challenging molecular diagnostic problems.
The following institutions provided support to our research projects: René Barón Foundation, Alberto J. Roemmers Foundation, Florencio Fiorini Foundation; Adolfo H. Aztiria Foundation, National Research Council CONICET, National Agency for Promotion of Science and Technology ANPCyT, Academia Nacional de Medicina and World Federation of Hemophilia. In addition we thank the hematologists Miguel Candela, Raúl Pérez Bianco and Miguel de Tezanos Pinto for helping us and supporting our research initiatives; and Christiane Dosne Pasqualini for her kind help with English correction throughout the manuscript.
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The Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New Testament
William D. Mounce
Publisher: ZondervanFormat: Hardcover
The Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New Testament was created to aid in the study of the Greek New Testament, using sophisticated computer resources to ensure an accurate, helpful, and in-depth analysis of the word forms that make up the New Testament. Its combination of features sets it apart from all previously published analytical lexicons: -Based on the UBS 3d edition (revised). -Includes both accepted and variant readings -Consistent with today's standard Greek lexicons -Gives the frequency of each inflected form, verse references for forms that occur only once -Includes Goodrick-Kohlenberger numbers for all words -Includes principal parts for all verbs -Contains a grammatical section with a discussion of paradigms and explanations as to why paradigms are formed as they are Most significantly, The Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New Testament is keyed to the author's Morphology of Biblical Greek, which explains in detail why some Greek words follow certain patterns and other Greek words follow seemingly very different patterns. The Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New Testament is more than a tool for quick reference—it provides the Greek student or scholar with an index to another body of literature.
GST Note: GST is included in the price of this item. GST is included in the freight. | <urn:uuid:c6ba702b-e5bc-4dec-9383-2c1627513d5f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.graysonline.com/retail/9780310542100/homewares-and-gifts/the-analytical-lexicon-to-the-greek-new-testament | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926718 | 293 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Attending Modeling Academy
There are any number of schools that advertise modeling as a course. It pays to check all of them out and see which ones cover what is needed. A good modeling academy will not require a full portfolio in order to accept people. Most request 2 photos up front, but they only need to be a full face shot and a body shot. This is used to indicate whether or not a person is acceptable in the modeling world. A good academy is honest enough to tell a person if they are unsuited to being a model. They will also warn that not everybody has what it takes to be they type of model the student desires. A good academy will train newcomers for several different types of modeling. Working as a catwalk model is very different from modeling for catalogues or brochures. Modeling academies should help potential models to understand the type of work they will be able to get. Advice on how to find a good modeling agency should be included in any modeling course.
Finding a Modeling Agency
It is difficult to break into the world of modeling. A good academy will explain this facet of the modeling world. Working as an independent model is often a road to few modeling jobs. Modeling agencies are companies that represent models. They have contacts for jobs and provide the models for photo shoots and catwalks. Their job is to match a model with a job that needs to be done by representing the model, not the client who needs a model. These agencies generally charge a percentage of the fee paid by the customer and the rest of the fee goes to the model performing the work. The hunt for a modeling agency should include a good look at the contract.
Developing a Portfolio
Over the years, many dishonest people have promised models will get work if only they have a professional portfolio. Hopeful young women and men have paid huge sums for these portfolios only to find out they were a scam. Modeling academies often include a photo session for aspiring models. This is the beginning of a professional portfolio. Once signed with a modeling agency, the agency will often provide more photos for the portfolio. They will also add to the portfolio from jobs they find for their models.
Expectations for Finding Modeling Work
Modeling, as most academies and agencies will tell newcomers, is not an easy business to get started in. There is a great deal of competition for the work available. Add to that the fact that many people are only suited for one or two types of work. Modeling, even when signed with a good agency, is not a fast career to start. It takes time and effort to make a name and become known. Hard work, learning as much as possible about the field and listening are all ways to gain experience and get more jobs. Do not expect to become an overnight sensation. It may take years for a modeling career to become a person's full time career. | <urn:uuid:3d88b899-d5fd-4072-98c4-ee0e7b3a72c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.virtualcitymodels.co.uk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.970496 | 592 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Bill Would Boost Access To Clean Energy Systems
Sen. Mike Gabbard
I’ll host my next “Listen Story” meeting at the Kapolei Starbucks at 9 a.m. May 4, which is right after the May 2 closing of the Legislative Session. So I will give a wrap-up of all the highlights.
Here are a few things I’d like to share with you.
Green Infrastructure Financing Program Would Be Huge for Lowering Electricity Bills
One of the key energy bills this session is SB 1087. This proposal was put forward by Gov. Abercrombie and would establish the regulatory framework for a Green Infrastructure Financing Program, better known as on-bill financing.
It would provide a perfect avenue for low-income residents to reduce their electricity bills, because they would be able to get low-interest loans to purchase clean energy systems, including solar, and pay it off over the long-term on their utility bills.
It also would allow renters, churches and nonprofits to potentially tap into the program.
A recent OmniTrak Survey of Hawaii homeowners found that 70 percent would make such an investment if low-interest loans were available for energy-saving home improvements. An initial $100-million bond issuance could finance between 5,000 and 10,000 photovoltaic systems.
With this program, Hawaii would be the first in the nation to use a bond structure to finance a commercial lending program for solar.
Kudos to Mayor Caldwell for Road Re-paving and Bus Service Restoration Plans
I was extremely pleased to hear of Mayor Kirk Caldwell’s bold initiative to get city streets repaved by 2017.
In reviewing the list, we noted that in Senate District 20, there are nine streets in Waipahu, 32 streets in Ewa, and 53 streets in Makakilo set to be repaved starting this year.
The entire list can be found online here: www1.honolulu.gov/ddc/projectsall.pdf.
It also was great news to learn that starting on March 23, the city will restore weekend and holiday bus service frequencies for the Country Express Route C (Makaha to Kapolei to Ala Moana Center) back from every 60 minutes to every 30 minutes.
Starting in May, the city also will restore week-day bus service for Route C from every 45 minutes to every 30 minutes.
Rockne Freitas Appointed UH West Oahu Chancellor
A big congratulations to Rockne Freitas,who was approved by the University of Hawaii Board of Regents on Feb. 21 as the new UH West Oahu chancellor. His job will begin May 1.
Current chancellor Gene Awakuni will have the title of Chancellor Emeritus and be reassigned as a senior adviser to the president from May 1, until his retirement date in early July.
A big mahalo to Dr. Awakuni for all of his great work in getting the new Kapolei campus built and being such a fantastic leader!
Please contact me at 586-6830 or by email at firstname.lastname@example.org if I can help you or your family in any way. | <urn:uuid:5ac54446-3035-49ac-b98c-b3c46c1ef558> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.midweek.com/bill-would-boost-access-to-clean-energy-systems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00477-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951111 | 661 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Walking is an accessible and low-impact form of physical activity that has many positive impacts on short-term and long-term health, and can cause improved outcomes. It is universally accessible, requires little skill or equipment, and has a low risk of injury. Improved Body Composition and Fitness A meta-analysis by Murphy et al1 included 24 randomized […]
We are pleased to introduce a new series of Patient Education Handbooks, focusing on pain relief for specific body regions, and effective workouts to improve fitness and rehab. These are the ultimate guides to help your patients alleviate pain: Head & Neck Pain (US Store | CA Store) Shoulder Arm Wrist & Hand Pain (US Store | CA Store) Low Back […]
Today, we’re going to talk about the importance of squatting. Often, in rehabilitation and recovery plans, the focus is on strengthening and recovering function in other muscle groups. The muscles involved in squatting can end up being overlooked. This is problematic, because the muscles involved in squatting are crucial for maintaining and improving basic executive […]
“Movement = health and motion is life.” – The Joint Play and Mobilization textbook is now available in eBook format. It contains concise, easily accessible information on topics including joint play and mobilizations, muscle energy and myofascial techniques, and much more. Joint Play and Mobilizations is designed as a quick reference guide for students, instructors […]
It seems to be a universally instinctive response that we should rub an area of our body where we are experiencing soreness or fatigue. Prehistoric cave paintings in the Pyrenees dating to BCE c. 15,0001 appear to depict some form of therapeutic touch, but it’s difficult to say exactly when and where massage practices first started to be performed in any kind of methodical way. Ancient literature, artwork and archaeological evidence reveal that massage practices existed in many ancient cultures such as India, China, Egypt, Greece, the Roman Empire, Japan, Thailand and Korea. | <urn:uuid:abef5c7e-936b-4ec4-97bb-e56c4661110e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prohealthsys.com/author/nikita-vizniak/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.928385 | 408 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Three-Dimensional Representations: Haworth Projection Examples
Consider the following molecules and determine whether the remaining groups are above or below the ring and whether the main (non-hydrogen) groups are cis or trans to one another. Click on the link below each molecule to check your answer.
The alcohol is oriented up, so the remaining hydrogen on that carbon must be oriented down. The methyl group is oriented down, so the remaining hydrogen on that carbon must be oriented up. Because the alcohol is oriented up and the methyl group is oriented down, the groups are trans
to one another.
Three-Dimensional Representations Home | <urn:uuid:a356c08f-9378-4d39-8d1b-5c46c8ea780b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.chemeddl.org/resources/stereochem/threedhaworth1a.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00231-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898865 | 129 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Many things matter about a neighborhood, but the first thing most people notice
is the way a neighborhood looks and its particular character. For example, one
might notice whether the buildings all date from a certain time period or whether
shop signs are in multiple languages. This particular neighborhood in Cleveland,
the Chester Ave / E 30th St neighborhood, has some outstanding things about the way it
looks and its way of life that are worth highlighting.
Notable & Unique: Diversity
Did you know that the Chester Ave / E 30th St neighborhood has more
Asian and Spanish ancestry people living in it than nearly
any neighborhood in America? It's true! In fact, 37.2% of
this neighborhood's residents have Asian ancestry and 1.7% have Spanish ancestry.
Chester Ave / E 30th St is also pretty special linguistically. Significantly, 26.3% of its residents five years old and above primarily
speak Chinese at home. While this may seem like a small percentage, it is higher
than 99.5% of the neighborhoods in America.
Notable & Unique: People
One of the most interesting things about the Chester Ave / E 30th St
neighborhood is that it has a greater concentration of residents who live
alone than most all neighborhoods in America. With 53.8% of the
households here made up of people living alone, NeighborhoodScout's research
reveals that this is a larger proportion of people living alone than in
98.2% of the neighborhoods in America.
In addition, neighborhoodScout's analysis shows that the Chester Ave / E 30th St
neighborhood has a greater concentration of residents currently enrolled
in college than 96.0% of the neighborhoods in the U.S. With
13.3% of the population here attending college, this is very
much a college-focused neighborhood.
Also, the Chester Ave / E 30th St neighborhood stands out within Ohio
for its college student friendly environment. NeighborhoodScout's analysis
reveals that this neighborhood is home to a number of college students,
is relatively walkable, and above average in safety. In combination, this
makes it stand out for a good place for college students to consider.
Because a number of college students live here, this neighborhood may
be close to a college campus and offer certain amenities nearby geared
towards the student body. While it's not an environment for everyone,
ambitious scholars can enjoy seasonal excitement between semesters and
school breaks, and parents can rest easy knowing that the area has an
above average safety rating. For each of these reasons, the
neighborhood is rated among the top 5%
of college-friendly places to live in OH.
Notable & Unique: Modes of Transportation
More people in Chester Ave / E 30th St choose to walk to work each day
(23.6%) than almost any neighborhood in America. If you are
attracted to the idea of being able to walk to work, this neighborhood
could be a good choice.
Notable & Unique: Occupations
There are more people living in the Chester Ave / E 30th St neighborhood
employed as sales and service workers (57.6%) than almost any neighborhood
in the country. From fast-food service workers to major sales accounts,
sales and service workers make up the largest proportion of our national
employment picture. But despite that size and importance nationally, this
neighborhood still stands out as unique due to the dominance of people
living here who work in such occupations.
Notable & Unique: Real Estate
In addition, if you find historic homes and neighborhoods attractive, you love the details, the history, and the charm, then you are sure to be interested in this neighborhood. With 62.8% of the residential real estate in the Chester Ave / E 30th St neighborhood built no later than 1939, and some built considerably earlier, this neighborhood has a greater concentration of historic residences than 96.2% of all neighborhoods in America. In this regard, this neighborhood truly stands out as special. | <urn:uuid:49f50c79-84ea-4b80-8bba-4b35e117e3dd> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/oh/cleveland/chester-ave/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00219-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959306 | 850 | 1.882813 | 2 |
By Russell Leigh Moses
If China’s anticorruption crusade is working so well in cleaning up the Communist Party, why is Beijing worried that some think that the campaign is really just a struggle for political power?
Two recent authoritative commentaries—one in Chinese, the other in English—reiterated last week what President Xi Jinping insisted during his trip to the United States last fall: That the effort to fight graft shouldn’t be seen as resembling the popular American television series “House of Cards,” which depicts a Machiavellian-like struggle to simply gain power and hold on to it by eliminating potential political rivals.
Instead, the essays both argue, China’s anticorruption campaign deserves less doubt and more support than it’s currently receiving.
These commentaries are always important indicators of political sentiment in decision-making circles—in this case, signaling concern about the persistent disquiet within the Chinese government about President Xi’s emphasis on cleaning up the Party first and foremost, instead of focusing more effort on the problem of China’s stumbling economic growth.
The fact that the editorials appeared in People’s Daily–the Party’s main platform for conveying the sentiments of Chinese leaders on major issues—shows that the anxiety about Xi’s anticorruption efforts hasn’t gone away and may now be getting louder.
More In Communist Party
- Party Rules: China’s Communist Party Goes for Quality Over Quantity
- Communist Party Disciplinarian Chides Members
- For China’s Leaders, Age Cap Is but a Moving Number
- Embattled Magazine Editors Choose to Silence a Liberal Voice
- Skepticism in China After Wukan Confession
- Not Enough Character? Communist Party Frets Over Constitution Copying
The English version of the commentary that first appeared in People’s Daily appears designed to convince audiences abroad of the sincerity of China’s anticorruption crusade and to deflect foreign criticism. It’s the usual fare.
But the original Chinese commentary has a more complex message: Its targets are party officials, and they’re being told to quiet down.
The commentary states those Chinese officials who think that “fighting corruption is a tool in a struggle for power” are “alarmists.” The actual aim of Beijing’s campaign, according to the commentary, is “to consolidate the ruling status of the ruling party [by] purifying the body of the ruling party, so that there can be better contact with the flesh and blood of the masses”—that is, the Chinese public. If there’s a struggle going on, the essay insists, it’s the battle against the bad in Chinese politics, something that party officials should be grateful for.
The commentary argues that “action has been the most resounding proof” of the anticorruption crusade. It’s not only that high-level officials have been imprisoned, the essay asserts; it’s also that the campaign has, “exposed the hidden rules of politics” and provided more transparency about the system, “showing that anticorruption efforts are by no means empty talk.”
Moreover, inspectors looking into allegations of corruption by party cadres are acting lawfully and are not an authority unto themselves, according to the commentary.
Some officials have complained in private that China’s anticorruption czar Wang Qishan is commanding his own private army. That’s nonsense, the essay argues, noting that there are “some people with ulterior motives in spreading rumors, who deliberately seek to confuse while they remain arrogantly corrupt.”
The commentary acknowledges that, where party members are concerned, “a reasonable exercise of expression is fine, as is the right to challenge” current policies. But common people need to see officials who “exercise restraint, don’t repeat baseless assertions or claim ‘insider knowledge,’” lest citizens themselves start “repeating hearsay, or spreading speculation.” The complaints of officials about the anticorruption campaign leads to the Chinese public believing that the effort to clean up the Communist party is simply a repackaging of the same old political struggles.
More In Russell Leigh Moses
And that’s one of Beijing’s major concerns: That not only do party members’ doubts about the efficacy and intent of Xi’s anticorruption crusade remain robust, but that those who are desperate to escape scrutiny could start rounding up support for their resistance.
Those officials who feel threatened by the antigraft campaign could seek to gather support inside the party and even in society generally in an attempt to stave off investigators seeking to remove them from office. Party cadres who aren’t under investigation–but who think that the antigraft push has passed its expiration date–could look to convince others within the party’s ranks and even anxious citizens that they as local officials care more about their economic well-being than Beijing.
Another concern in Beijing is potential attempts by disgruntled local officials to gain support from patrons above them by arguing that Xi and his allies should start winding down their crusade and get back to the issue of development. Recently, party media has started arguing that the current war on graft is good for China’s economy, suggesting that those who keep carping about the economy aren’t really interested in combating corruption.
The commentary in People’s Daily is a blast aimed at those who doubt Xi’s determination to see this campaign through, and at those who think they can thwart it. But the fact that the commentary appeared at all indicates that misgivings among some party members about Xi’s strategy haven’t gone away, and might even be deepening.
It’s good that Xi and his supporters are clearly a confident group, because it’s beginning to look like they’re going to need both qualities in the days and months ahead—staying confident, and staying together.
Russell Leigh Moses has been an academic teaching Chinese politics for more than 20 years, for most of that time in China. He has been a columnist for China Real Time Since 2010. Read more by Mr. Moses. | <urn:uuid:9ff94839-55cf-4699-b89a-19140f6d1ee3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2016/02/03/chinas-antigraft-campaign-isnt-house-of-cards-peoples-daily-says/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948307 | 1,308 | 1.648438 | 2 |
AUSTIN, Texas — When Jennifer Nechetsky Maupin’s son was diagnosed with autism in May 2014, she and her husband quickly started looking into early intervention therapies for him.
Their employers’ insurance plans offered limited coverage, so for 2015 the Houston family purchased an individual plan for their son on the marketplace set up by the federal health law. Because Texas mandates that individual plans must cover applied behavioral analysis (ABA) therapy, other parents of autistic children have made a similar choice. But many of those families are facing difficulties finding adequate coverage in 2016.
The Maupins chose a preferred provider organization (PPO) plan, which covers some of the cost of doctors and hospitals that don’t have contracts with the insurer. Since they opted for an out-of-network therapist, that meant higher out-of-pocket payments, but the plan’s partial coverage made the intervention therapy affordable, and their son began to make strides.
“He went from a 2-year-old speaking three words, a kid we thought was significantly delayed, to a kid with normal language who is cognitively ahead,” Maupin said of her son.
But 2016 brought some major changes to the individual marketplace and they don’t have the same option this year. Most major insurance carriers in the state have done away with PPO plans and have replaced them with options that provide no coverage for out-of-network care, such as HMOs. Insurers said the move came after heavy losses from large numbers of high-cost enrollees buying individual plans and a shortfall in payments expected from the government.
The new, narrower networks often mean families are losing access to therapists and providers they have used for their autistic children.
Many Texas providers, from neurologists to behavioral therapists who treat autistic children, are not part of the HMO plans. These insurers often do offer waivers if there are no providers in network within a reasonable distance, but many parents have said the waiver process is complicated and contentious.
Multiple Therapists And Doctors
While every autistic child has different treatment needs, many autistic children rely on multiple providers for occupational therapy, speech therapy and applied behavioral analysis. Providers licensed for that therapy may charge anywhere from $60 to $150 an hour. Because the ABA is evidence-based and has been linked to gains in social function and IQ, autism advocates have successfully lobbied to mandate its coverage through individual insurance plans in the District of Columbia and 43 states, including Texas.
Employer plans generally do not come under the states’ requirements to cover expensive autism therapies, so families often choose to buy individual plans for their children in those states. Insurers say that trend is among the factors driving up their outlays in marketplace business.
“The cost of individuals enrolling on the market far exceeded expectations,” said Clare Krusing, director of communications for America’s Health Insurance Plans, a national trade group. “What compounds the problem is that some co-ops failed as well, so plans had to take on the risk associated with new enrollees.”
Krusing said that another blow to insurance companies was a drastic reduction in expected federal payments as part of the Affordable Care Act’s premium stabilization program. That is supposed to help insurance carriers for several years during the health law transition, in part by transferring funds to individual marketplace insurance plans that are not making money.
“Plans will receive 13 percent of what they were owed,” Krusing said. “Every plan is impacted by that shortfall and has had to reevaluate their participation in the marketplace.”
The problems have been big in Texas. “Texas is particularly problematic for the insurance companies in terms of losses,” Justin Boulet, an insurance broker in Houston who works with families with special-needs children, wrote in an online forum. “The individual insurance market in Texas is suffering traumatic financial loss that is completely unsustainable long term.”
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas, one of the carriers that eliminated its PPO marketplace plans, was candid about the decision.
“The reality is, our individual policies just weren’t sustainable,” Dr. Dan McCoy, chief medical officer for the company, said in a video addressed to customers posted online Dec. 4. “We experienced significant financial losses … if we continued to offer the individual PPO, we’d have to raise those rates as well as the rates for all of our individual plans. Our competitors are facing the same dilemma … in fact, no one is offering a broad individual PPO anywhere in Texas anymore.”
Since the release of McCoy’s video, at least one carrier, Humana, did offer a broad individual PPO plan in some Texas counties. But the costs associated with that plan are high — an out-of-pocket maximum of $25,800 for out-of-network providers — which makes it unaffordable for many families.
And all these changes come at a time when more children than ever — 1 in 45 — are being diagnosed with autism.
‘It’s Pretty Drastic’
For Carol Markes, a Dallas-area parent who bought her autistic son an individual PPO marketplace plan in 2015, the changes in the marketplace plans meant suddenly losing access to her son’s general neurologist, the neurologist that deals with his epilepsy and his primary care doctor — all providers who had been in network.
“My husband is an independent corporate contractor and I substitute teach when I’m not at home because of my son’s many issues,” Markes said. “We simply cannot lose all his doctors! This is crazy!”
“It’s pretty drastic,” Lee Spangler, vice president of medical economics for the Texas Medical Association, said of the insurance company changes. “The ACA says a carrier can’t turn someone down for a preexisting condition. But these new narrow networks — that’s the new medical underwriting.”
Many parents say they will find ways to adjust. Markes and her husband opted to buy a small group plan for his business that would cover their son’s providers. That means their insurance costs will increase by 35 percent in 2016, but it also means all of their son’s doctors are in network.
Other parents, like Dallas residents Jill Albright Briesch and her husband, have decided to simply pay out of pocket for certain therapies. For Jill Briesch that also means picking up more work as a CPA to cover the bills for her two sons, Alexander and William, both of whom are on the autism spectrum.
“We’ve absorbed $1,100 a month in in-home ABA,” Briesch said. “Our speech therapist is out of network, and we just pay her.”
Briesch knows that her family is lucky to be able to make that kind of decision; many cannot.
“Texas is a very difficult state to live in if you have a child with autism and you’re not really rich, or really educated,” Briesch said.
She also lamented that the current policies are short-sighted. “Early intervention saves hundreds of thousands of dollars on the back end by improving [autistic] people’s life functionality,” she said. “If you can get even 25 percent of them to function as normal adults, you’re saving money. If they end up needing 24/7 supervision, the state doesn’t even want to know how expensive that will be.” | <urn:uuid:7e48fef5-3c73-4b37-96be-d94b8bcf8a90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://khn.org/news/narrow-marketplace-plans-in-texas-pose-problems-for-autistic-children/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.971919 | 1,594 | 1.90625 | 2 |
The U.S. is having a hard time convincing people that their recent aircraft carrier strike group move isn’t related to events in Iran. The strike group has recently arrived in the Arabian Sea, but the U.S. states that this move is routine and has no connection to recent building tensions with Iran.
Iran, in recent news, has threatened to close the Strait of Hormuz is U.S. and EU sanctions over their nuclear program derail their oil exports. Tensions have been building lately, as Iran started an underground uranium enrichment plant and sentenced an American in a spying case to death. On Wednesday, Tehran pointed the finger at the U.S. and Israel, blaming both for killing an Iranian nuclear scientist
The U.S. military has said that it will definitely stop any blockade of the strait, but the Pentagon is still busy denying that there is any direct link.
Pentagon Covers Tracks
As Pentagon spokesman Captain John Kirby said,
“I don’t want to leave anybody with the impression that we’re somehow (speeding) two carriers over there because we’re concerned about what happened, you know, today in Iran. It’s just not the case.”
A second military official, explaining why two carriers are in the Arabian Sea at the moment said that it’s “not unusual to have two carriers in the CENTCOM theater at the same time.”
Iran Warns U.S.
Iran has warned that the Stennis better not re-enter the Gulf. The Pentagon has made clear, however, that sooner or later there will come a time when a carrier will definitely move through the Strait of Hormuz into the Gulf. As Kirby said,
“We routinely operate our ships – all of our ships, all of our types of ships – inside the Arabian Gulf and that will continue.” | <urn:uuid:a9908ebd-8645-4f6c-a2b0-c08a92e885d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.leftjustified.com/iranian-tensions-rising/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.964505 | 398 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Silver gelatin on cellulose acetate film strip, 1.5" x 4.5"
African Americans Washington (D.C.)
U Street, N.W. (Washington, D.C.)
One of three negatives on a 35mm film strip, numbered AC0618.004.0000204 - AC0618.004.0000206.
Street scene with a group of people near a corner store with the sign "Sabin's Records." Photographed by George Scurlock from a window of the Scurlock U Street studios. No ink on negative. "Tri X Pan Film Kodak Safety Film" and "- 4A - 5 - 5A - 6 - 6A - 7" edge imprint.
Photograph by George Scurlock. Scurlock Studio Records, ca. 1905-1994, Archives Center, National Museum of American History | <urn:uuid:13b86234-90f3-44da-94e1-5d3d6668b503> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://collections.si.edu/search/record/siris_arc_250637 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00225-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.751981 | 178 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Towns in eastern Ukraine are bracing for military action this morning as pro-Russian separatists continue to defy orders to back down.
There are fears Ukraine is inching closer to an all-out war...
And the U.S. is trying to use whatever diplomatic options it has to avoid more violence.
In Ukraine this morning rival clashes continued....towns to the east are bracing for military action.
Pro-Russian separatists have taken control of key buildings in several towns, and are defying government orders to pull back or face Ukrainian troops.
The violence prompted an emergency U.N. security meeting last night.
The Obama Administration is accusing Russia of escalating the crisis. "We are being bombarded with Russian disinformation and propaganda, while the Ukrainians are being confronted by incitement and violence," said Samantha Power, U.S. Ambassador to United Nations.
"It has all the tell-tale signs of what we saw in Crimea. It's professional, it's coordinated," said Samantha Power, U.S. Ambassador to UN.
Russia says its only concern is Ukraine's stability. "The authorities do not want to listen to those who do not accept the imposed dominance in Kiev of national radicals," said Vitaly Churkin Russian Federation Ambassador to UN
The U.S. is trying to help diplomatically.
Treasury Secretary Jack Lew is preparing to talk about aid with Ukraine's finance minister later today.
Sanctions have also been hurting Russia's stocks.
but senator John McCain says the U.S. must go further. "We ought to at least, for God's sake, give them some weapons, light weapons with which to defend themselves," said Senator John McCain, (R) Arizona.
That's now under consideration, as experts worry Ukraine could be getting dangerously close to a regional war. | <urn:uuid:db34a39e-1006-4f12-b397-85e01c2fd107> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.witn.com/home/headlines/Towns-In-Eastern-Ukrain-Brace-For-Military-Action-255179081.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00088-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965861 | 374 | 1.585938 | 2 |
CITY, SOUTH CENTER VIETNAM
| Festivals |
Tourist attractions |
Ethnic Groups |
Area: 1,257.3 sq. km
Population: 788.5 thousand habitants (2006)
- Districts: Hai Chau, Thanh Khe, Son Tra, Ngu Hanh Son,
Lien Chieu, Cam Le.
- Rural districts: Hoa Vang, Hoang Sa.
Official website of Da Nang City
Map of Da Nang
Da Nang City is located in middle
of Central Vietnam, between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City,
separated from Laos by the western Truong Son Mountains.
It is surrounded by Thua Thien-Hue along the northern
border and Quang Nam on the southern border. It is
embraced by the East Sea with 150km of seacoast.
Topography is rather complex. The south is impressive
Hai Van Pass with Mang Mountain 1,708m, Ba Na Mountain
1,487m. The east is Son Tra Peninsula, an ideal site of
yellow sand beaches, historical remains, and rare bird
and animal species. The south is Ngu Hanh Son (Marble
Mountains). The seashore is Hoang Sa archipelago with a
Climate: Da Nang is located in the zone of typical
tropical monsoon, temperate and equable climate. The
city's weather bears the combination of the north and
the south climate characters with the inclination to the
former. There are two seasons: the wet from August to
December and the dry season from January to July, cold
waves are occasional but they are of average and short
lasting. Average humidity is 83.4%.
Average temperature is about 26ºC, the highest is
28-30ºC in June, July, August, the lowest is 18-23ºC in
December, January, February. In Ba Na Mountain, the
temperature is 20ºC. Average rainfall is 2,505mm per
year that concentrates during October and November.
Da Nang is an ancient land, closely
related with the Sa Huynh cultural traditions. Many
imposing, palaces, towers, temples, citadels and
ramparts, the vestiges from 1st to 13th are still to be
seen in Cham Museum
Da Nang has other various interesting attractions as Ba
Na Tourist Resort, Ngu Hanh Son (Marble Mountains) as
well as the Linh Ung Pagoda, Han River, and My An, Non
Nuoc beaches, stretching on dozens of kilometers...
Hotels in Da Nang
Accommodation in Da Nang
Viet (Kinh), Hoa,
Co Tu, Tay...
Road: Da Nang is 108km from Hue,
130km from Quang Ngai, 763km from Hanoi, and 947km from
Ho Chi Minh City.
Air: The Da Nang International Airport is 2.5km
south-west of the city center. There are domestic
flights to some cities. There are direct flight from
Bangkok, Hong Kong, Siem Riep, Taipei and Singapore to
Da Nang City by Vietnam Airlines, PB Air, Siem Riep Air
way, Far Transportation and Sil Airway.
Train: Thong Nhat Express train, which connects Hanoi and
Ho Chi Minh City, stop in Da Nang.
Water: There are marine routes to international and
domestic ports. Tien Sa and Han River ports are located
in a very wonderful position.
Source: Vietnam Nation Administration of Tourism | <urn:uuid:2f5c086b-0b22-42b3-8012-b7ee2c048fe6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.vietnamtravels.vn/Vietnam-travel-information/Da-Nang.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00540-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897619 | 786 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Directorate of Public Works (DPW)
Environmental Management Office (EMO)
201 Beasley Drive, Suite 216
Fort Detrick, MD 21702
Environmental Hotline: 301-619-0044
The Environmental Hotline is in place for citizens of the Fort Detrick community to contact our office if they have environmental concerns such as spills of POLs or Hazardous Materials etc. This number will put the caller in touch with a Fort Detrick Environmental professional who will assist either directly or by connecting them to the appropriate subject matter expert. If members of the Fort Detrick have questions concerning environmental program areas at Fort Detrick, please contact us via e-mail.
To preserve, restore and improve the quality of Fort Detrick's environment, and to ensure compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations.
The Fort Detrick Air Program was put in place to ensure compliance with all aspects of federal, state and Army regulations involving air quality. Oversight is provided to properly manage Air Quality Permits to Construct and Permits to Operate, National Ambient Air Quality Standards, National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, stratospheric ozone protection, mobile sources, and acid rain. Fort Detrick is located in both ozone and particulate matter non-attainment areas and operates under a Title V Part 70 Operating Permit. This permit is the oversight document for all Fort Detrick emissions sources, including 200 or more boilers, four large incinerators, more than 20 electric generators, more than 40 oil and gasoline storage tanks, laboratory fume hoods and sterilizers, and gasoline dispensing systems.
Cultural and Natural Resources
Natural Resources Mission is to support the installation's commitment in sustaining a healthy environment in which to carry out its mission and to ensure that mission essential lands are sustained, the environment is protected, impacts are minimized, ecological diversity is promoted and recreational opportunities exist for all.
Cultural resources program goals include the protection and management of all resources that meet the National Register criteria for Evaluation and to facilitate compliance with applicable cultural resources laws, statutes, and regulations, to conserve Army resources and to support the mission of Fort Detrick.
The Fort Detrick Energy Management Program was put in place years before and redeveloped to accomplish the goals of Executive Order 13123, the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The program focuses on energy outreach and education, energy reduction, renewable energy consumption and water conservation.
Hazardous Materials Management Office (HMMO)
Internal Environmental Assessments
The Fort Detrick Internal Environmental Assessment Program was put into place to ensure compliance with Army Regulation 200-1, Department of Army Installation Management Agency Policy Memorandum and the Fort Detrick Environmental Management System (EMS). Each internal environmental assessment will consider applicable Federal, State, Army and local regulatory requirements. Most internal environmental assessments are based on the significance of environmental impacts, previous compliance issues and frequency of regulatory inspections. Annual assessments will be completed using a pre-developed checklist. Those facilities having significant impacts of compliance issues will be assessed more frequently. Subsequent assessments during the same year will be focused on specific environmental program areas based on earlier findings.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
The purpose of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is to incorporate environmental considerations into federal agency planning and action. This is accomplished by systematically providing decision-makers and other stakeholders with information necessary to understand any potentially significant environmental impacts associated with agency proposals. Title 32, CFR Part 651 is the Army's NEPA regulation. NEPA procedures must insure that environmental information is available to public officials and citizens before decisions are made, and before actions are taken. Fort Detrick ensures appropriate NEPA documents are developed to comply with NEPA. NEPA documents include either a Record of Environmental Consideration (REC), Environmental assessment (EA), or an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).
Solid Waste and Recycling
Fort Detrick Integrated Solid Waste Management reflects the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pollution prevention hierarchy that places an emphasis on source reduction and recycling to reduce the solid waste stream. This management strategy is also in line with the Army Strategy for the Environment, "Sustain the Mission - Secure the Future". Everyone is responsible for source reduction, including federally-mandated suggested buying practices such as buying recycled, recycling, and proper waste disposal. Efficient materials management focuses on pollution prevention (P2), also known as source reduction and waste minimization, to produce fewer wastes and use less toxic chemicals. This also means diverting material from going to waste through recycling and energy recovery. Integrated Solid Waste Management at Fort Detrick is designed to minimize initial generation of solid waste through source reduction, and then emphasize reuse of materials, recycling, and affirmative procurement or buying recycled.
We at Fort Detrick pledge (and you can help) to reduce solid wastes at the source, where feasible, manage solid wastes in a manner protective of human health and the environment, and maintain compliance with all applicable Federal, State of Maryland, local, and Department of Defense, and Army regulations and performance metrics.
The Fort Detrick Water Quality Program is responsible for protecting the installation's water resources and maintaining compliance with all applicable Federal, State, Army and local regulations. The Fort Detrick Environmental Management Office provides water quality compliance and conservation management for the drinking water, wastewater and stormwater programs.
Fort Detrick owns and operates the installations Water Treatment Plant and distribution system. The Directorate of Public Works and Environmental Management Office are continually committed in providing our customers with safe and reliable drinking water that meets or exceeds water quality standards required by the Safe Drinking Water Act. Fort Detrick is permitted to withdrawal source water from the Monocacy River for treatment and distribution. The Fort Detrick Water Treatment Plant will cease operations beginning March 2013 to conduct major plant upgrades. It is anticipated that the plant will be shut down 1 1/2 - 2 years to complete construction upgrades. Fort Detrick has established a contractual agreement with Frederick County to obtain water from the Potomac River. Fort Detrick has obtained a portion of our drinking water from Frederick County since September 2012. Beginning March 2013, Fort Detrick will acquire all drinking water from Frederick County until upgrades are completed at the Fort Detrick Water Treatment Plant.
Fort Detrick owns and operates the installations Wastewater Treatment Plant and collection system. Treated wastewater is discharged into the Monocacy River and flows into the Potomac River and eventually into the Chesapeake Bay. The Directorate of Public Works and Environmental Management Office are committed to provide necessary treatment of sanitary wastewater to meet water quality effluent standards required by the Clean Water Act. Fort Detrick has established a Non-Domestic Wastewater Control regulation to satisfy Federal and State pretreatment requirements. Fort Detrick maintains an industrial and laboratory wastewater pretreatment program to minimize the amounts and types of pollutants released to the sanitary sewer collection system. Laboratory wastewater is decontaminated at the location of disposal, lab sinks and drains, prior to discharge into the sanitary sewer collection system. All potentially infectious wastewater from high containment laboratories is thermally treated prior to discharge into the sanitary sewer collection system. Fort Detrick Wastewater Treatment Plant Enhanced Nutrient Removal (ENR) upgrades were completed in 2011. The ENR upgrades were completed to minimize nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) levels within treated wastewater that is discharged to the Monocacy River. Enhanced nutrient removal upgrades were conducted per regulatory permit requirements and as part of overall Chesapeake Bay restoration efforts. The Fort Detrick Wastewater Treatment Plant utilizes biological, chemical, settling, filtering and mechanical processes for treatment of sanitary wastewater originating from the installation. Treated wastewater effluent is monitored for numerous chemical and biological parameters to ensure adherence with strict regulatory permit limits. Treated wastewater is utilized at the plant for all operational processes that require water. No potable water is used for treatment plant utility operations. Potable water is only provided to the administrative building for domestic and laboratory use. This sustainability feature was incorporated into the plant to reduce potable water use at Fort Detrick. The Fort Detrick Wastewater Treatment Plant is one of the most advanced sanitary wastewater treatment facilities in the State of Maryland and Department of Defense.
Fort Detrick is permitted to discharge stormwater runoff from residential, commercial, industrial and construction areas in accordance with numerous National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits. Fort Detrick's NPDES permits prohibit non-stormwater discharges that may impact the quality of water in the receiving waterways. All stormwater runoff from the installation is discharged into Carroll Creek and Monocacy River, and eventually into the Chesapeake Bay. Fort Detrick is committed to controlling the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff from the installation to minimize impacts to the surrounding environment. Various best management practices (BMPs) are being employed to eliminate or minimize stormwater pollution. These BMPs include: public education, involvement and outreach; environmental compliance and operations stormwater training; illicit discharge protection; construction site runoff control; post construction quantity and quality stormwater management; and pollution prevention and good housekeeping.
Office of Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management
Defense Environmental Network and Information Exchange
- U.S. Army Public Health Command
U.S. Corps of Engineers
- USACE, Environmental Division
U.S. Army Environmental Center
Installation Environmental Program Management Guide
- Code of Federal Regulations
- Presidential Executive Orders
- Department of the Army Regulations and Guidance
- Code of Maryland Regulations: Main Search Page
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- U.S. EPA Envirofacts
- The President's Council on Environmental Quality
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
- Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE)
- MD Department of Natural Resources
- Chesapeake Bay Foundation
- Frederick County Health Dept
- Frederick City
- Terms of Environment | <urn:uuid:c759027e-8e11-4a64-b432-0c55a173e6cf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.detrick.army.mil/emo/index.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00186-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918788 | 2,031 | 1.59375 | 2 |
[Theo] tipped us off about something that every TI Evalbot owner may be interested in, the The manual and source code for the uC/OS-III kernel is now available for download. UC/OS-III is what came with the evalbot, and it is a realtime operating system for that and many other chips. The problem with it for most hobby level people is that just the manual was 100$, and unless you already knew something about the system it did not sound very attractive.
But now micrium, the author of US/OS-III, has released the source code free to use in non commercial applications, and manuals for every chip supported it may drum up some more interest in this neat little RTOS. Though it does require a subscriber login.
The ideal scenario for developers wishing to evaluate embedded software is to be granted easy access to the software’s full source code. In the case of Micriµm’s celebrated real-time kernel, µC/OS-III, this ideal has become reality. Last week, Micriµm announced a new policy for µC/OS-III: the kernel is now “source available.” µC/OS-III’s incomparably clean source code, as well as PDFs of the popular books describing the kernel, can be downloaded from Micriµm’s Web site at no cost, giving developers a refreshingly fast and simple means of beginning an evaluation | <urn:uuid:85ca8c7d-d692-4699-b757-9cc47aa349e1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hackaday.com/2011/08/25/evalbot-os-set-free/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=39eb77acf0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00470-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931716 | 307 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Net::DNS::RR::CNAME - DNS CNAME resource record
use Net::DNS; $rr = new Net::DNS::RR('name CNAME cname'); $rr = new Net::DNS::RR( name => 'alias.example.com', type => 'CNAME', cname => 'example.com', );
Class for DNS Canonical Name (CNAME) resource records.
The available methods are those inherited from the base class augmented by the type-specific methods defined in this package.
Use of undocumented package features or direct access to internal data structures is discouraged and could result in program termination or other unpredictable behaviour.
$cname = $rr->cname;
A domain name which specifies the canonical or primary name for the owner. The owner name is an alias.
Copyright (c)1997-2002 Michael Fuhr.
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All rights reserved.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. | <urn:uuid:6b085736-6da3-48ee-aa94-0796e16b5ac3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://search.cpan.org/~nlnetlabs/Net-DNS-0.74/lib/Net/DNS/RR/CNAME.pm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00216-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.753267 | 251 | 2.46875 | 2 |
TALLAHASSEE — The Supreme Court ruling on death penalty juries, which puts five to 10 Florida inmates back in line for the electric chair, is appropriate and consistent, Gov. Bob Graham said Tuesday.
The court`s ruling, issued Monday, said it is fair to exclude ardent opponents of capital punishment from juries in capital trials.
``I thought that it was an appropriate decision,`` Graham said. ``It was one which was consistent with the court`s previous judgments and cases that are related to Florida. I think particularly in Florida where the jury, in terms of the imposition of sentence is an advisory capacity and the judge has the final determination as to whether to impose the death sentence or life imprisonment, that it was an appropriate determination.``
Florida law requires juries to recommend whether defendants convicted of first-degree murder should die in the electric chair or spend life in prison with no chance of parole for 25 years, but the judge is free to ignore the recommendation.
The Supreme Court`s decision is expected to hasten executions for some of the 1,870 inmates on Death Row around the nation, including five to 10 in Florida who had received temporary stays pending the ruling. | <urn:uuid:95c42b1a-f93e-4d21-8cbd-3887206e4c1e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1986-05-07/news/8601270423_1_electric-chair-juries-death-sentence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970217 | 244 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The Wolfsberg Group, an association of thirteen global banks which develops frameworks and guidance for the management of financial crime risks, particularly with respect to KYC, AML, and CFT policies, recently released a set of frequently asked questions on negative news screening and other forms of adverse information searches.
Negative news screening can assist financial institutions in performing customer due diligence, as well as evaluating transactions or activities that are unusual or potentially suspicious. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF), an inter-governmental money laundering and terrorist financing watchdog, recommends that banks, as part of a risk-based approach, include verifiable adverse media searches as part of enhanced due diligence measures. Similarly, while the Bank Secrecy Act does not require negative news screening, U.S. regulators have encouraged banks, as appropriate, to consider negative news. The FFIEC BSA/AML Manual, for example, notes that banks should “establish policies and procedures for determining whether and/or when, on the basis of risk, obtaining and reviewing additional customer information, for example through negative media search programs, would be appropriate.” The Manual continues that the results of negative news screening can help a bank determine when it is appropriate to review a customer relationship.
Recognizing that there is no single, universally agreed approach to negative news screening, the Wolfsberg Group developed its recent guidance to help financial institutions manage their financial crime risks. The guidance is separate from politically exposed persons or sanctions screening, both of which are traditionally list-based. For the purposes of the guidance, the Wolfsberg Group defined “negative news” as “‘information available in the public domain which FIs [financial institutions] would consider relevant to the management of Financial Crime risk.”
Importance of Credible and Relevant Sources
The guidance notes that the value that a bank is able to extract from negative news screening is “correlated to the availability of information and the credibility of the media source in the public domain.” The guidance recommends that a bank may want to establish specific media sources, considering the credibility of the source and the coverage of adverse information within a specific geographical area: “The credibility of the media source will be a key factor in determining whether it should be used in [negative news screening]. For example, factors such as the completeness, accuracy and coverage of the source should be considered.” The guidance suggests that banks consider conducting an assessment on the sources used in its negative news screening – if the bank uses an external party or vendor to provide the media sources, “it is recommended that the [bank] understands the evaluation of reliability performed by the vendor and the controls they have in place to mitigate the risk of unreliable sources influencing the screening process.” The guidance provides a detailed list of what the Wolfsberg Group views as characteristics of reputable sources, including media type, content (e.g., material subject to editorial oversight versus social media), and geographical context (e.g., publications considered as politically neutral).
Similarly, a bank should ensure that negative news is relevant to financial crime – speeding fines and public disorder offenses, for example, would not be relevant for assessing financial crime risk.
You’ve Identified Negative News – Now What?
The Guidance recommends that banks have in place a framework to investigate negative news results in a timely and consistent manner. For example, a bank may choose to have a tier-based investigation approach: “e.g., an initial operational level undertaking high volumes of alert investigations against an agreed set of matching/discounting rules and procedures. Subsequent levels may be utilised where alerts cannot be discounted, or positive matches are identified, and due to the subjective nature of [negative news screening] outputs, require specialist subject matter expertise and input.”
As FinCEN and other federal regulators noted in 2021 guidance, a financial institution is not required to file a suspicious action report based solely on negative news. Rather, “[a]s with other identified unusual or potentially suspicious activity, financial institutions should comply with applicable regulatory requirements and follow their established policies, procedures, and processes to determine the extent to which it investigates and evaluates negative news, in conjunction with its review of transactions occurring by, at, or through the institution, to determine if a SAR filing is required.”
See FATF, Guidance for a Risk-Based Approach: The Banking Sector (Oct. 2014).
See FinCEN, Answers to Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Suspicious Activity Reporting and Other Anti-Money Laundering Considerations (Jan. 19, 2021) (“[CDD] regulations … do not categorically require the performance of media searches or particular screenings. However, in certain circumstances, a financial institution might assess, on the basis of risk, that a customer presents a higher risk profile and, accordingly, collect more information (such as media searches) to better understand the customer relationship. Such information also assists a financial institution in determining when transactions are potentially suspicious.”); FinCEN, Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Customer Due Diligence (CDD) Requirements for Covered Financial Institutions (Aug. 3, 2020) (“The CDD Rule does not categorically require … the performance of media searches or particular screenings.”). | <urn:uuid:50b62388-d880-4f91-930d-ae8cf8ec6e85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.anticorruptionblog.com/fatf/wolfsberg-group-releases-guidance-on-negative-news-screening/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.918402 | 1,098 | 2.34375 | 2 |
What number of MB in a GB? What exactly is a megabyte (MB) of cell phone reports? A gigabyte (GB) of cell phone information? Quantity email messages is the fact? The amount of minutes of Myspace training video? How many hours of loading music within the likes of Spotify or Apple songs?
an express min is quite easily known. All things considered, everyone understands exactly what a min is definitely. Ditto for a text content. Information is much more difficult to assess, specifically for those fresh to the realm of cell phone. At Ting Portable, we offer blueprints with pay-for-what-you-use records, adjust reports, and infinite information. For people who dont match up with unrestricted, we love to enable them to save yourself whenever possible by lessening their particular cellular information use. The answer to that is learning cellular information, hence let’s jump into world of megs and gigs. Initially, we’re likely to decrease some quantities for you.
A number of these offers are offered right from an about.com report on mobile phone facts with facts created from several company shows on the regular smartphone facts by using particular smartphone activities. Most people in addition made use of several some other sources to upgrade those rates where necessary. These statistics depend on utilizing mobile reports your mobile gadget and don’t grab tethering into consideration. Mobile phone types of internet sites are designed to get reduced information heavy than her non-mobile equivalents.
Quantity megabytes come into a gig
Before we visit what amount of MB in a GB, let’s speak about the number of KB in a MB. For ease of calculation, we’ll talk Gay dating sites about there are 1000 kilobytes (KB) in a megabyte (MB) and 1000 MB in a gigabyte (GB), also known as a gig of info. Which will take good care of the mathematics, but what are the real-world effects? Well, we’ve destroyed what you can do with different quantities of reports. We like to consider these people with regards to getting smaller, platform, big and extra-large buckets of data.
Small – 100 MB
Whenever we declare the average text-only e-mail are 20 KB an item, we are able to receive and send pertaining to 5,000 this type of email whilst still being be within your 100 MB tiny bucket. Or, we are going to see over 50 websites in a provided calendar month, presuming an approximation of 2 MB per internet site (yep – modern day blogs has received quite a bit heftier). It is possible to supply around 100 moments of music or upload 50 high-quality footage.
Logically, the 100 MB Smallest bucket is only appropriate if you’re in array of a Wi-Fi hotspot at your home or even in work usually therefore only have to use mobile reports very occasionally. It’s furthermore excellent for consumers that chiefly stick with conversation and content, using only data for periodically examining and delivering email, searching for help and advice, and being guidelines while on the move.
Medium – 500 MB
Below, as a devoted Wi-Fi cellphone owner you need mobile phone info when needed (this is certainly, whenever there’s non Wi-Fi offered) without much fear; forwarding and acquiring email, negotiating club wagers with an easy visit to Wikipedia, and sharing occasional social media optimisation changes. Because data, 500 MB of mobile phone records allows:
If you’re excellent at making use of Wi-Fi usually, it’s relatively simple to remain from the 500 MB method container. By making use of strategies like pre-downloading web streaming media, software, and enormous records over Wi-Fi, you can actually comfortably employ your own 500 MB for e-mails, exploring, and social websites.
Huge – 1000 MB (1 gigabyte or GB)
Pop music quiz…how numerous MB in a GB once again? Well-done, Pointdexter: the answer to “how many megabytes in a gig” are about 1000 MB. That amount really all of us involve being the “large container,” which, for anyone with routine access to Wi-Fi, ways being concerned way less about cellular info. If there’s several light mobile phone facts consumer on a merchant account, shareable information (for example what’s on our personal Flex strategy) will save you extremely.
In fresh rates, 1000 MB of data allows:
XL – 2 GB+
For anybody who practices wonderful Wi-Fi ‘hygiene’ (that’s what our very own quality faculty trainer could possibly have referred to as connecting to Wi-Fi whenever feasible and pre-downloading media and large applications), this pail will mostly eliminate any data incorporate concerns. For twosomes or family members that aren’t hefty mobile phone info owners, in addition, it offers the option for pooling data.
… and beyond
We’ve showcased these quantities to present minimal mobile phone data customers it’s entirely possible to work with 2GB of mobile reports or decreased within a month. Doing so on the fold strategy will lead to very low expense. However, recognize that some people merely want way more. The put 5 prepare provides 5 GB of lightning speed data with infinite conversation and copy just for $25, while our unlimited conversation, articles and records designs begin $45 and offer although 33 GB of lightning speed reports. If you take advantage of all of your lightning speed records, there’s limitless 2G speeds information and you can usually lead up your fast allotment at–you guessed it–just $5/GB.
Cutting back on information is much easier than you might think
As a user with a flexible or ready records structure, understanding what a megabyte of data is and what number MB in a GB helps prevent you from going over the given numbers. By using Wi-Fi and learning which apps are employing the most data, you’re sure to does most with the mobile gadget without having to pay additional. Check out ways you can minimize foundation info incorporate next say young kids about facts usage at the same time. Incase you’re interested in extremely how to save money on the next charges, check our personal complete guidelines on methods to minimize mobile info intake.
Shot Ting really cell
The majority of mobile phones operate Ting with no adjustments needed. Concur that yours is the one with a risk-free BYOD confirm. | <urn:uuid:9e2afab4-a9ec-4464-91ad-6d0df742c151> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lightinpaint.com/2021/09/08/just-how-many-mb-in-a-gb-understanding-phone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.921487 | 1,349 | 1.8125 | 2 |
B.C. highways will be busier than ever this long weekend. Drivers may be tempted to speed to try to get to their destination sooner but the reality is, speeding increases your risk of crashing and it’s the top contributing factor in fatal crashes in B.C.
On average, four people are killed and 630 people injured in 2,300 crashes across the province over the B.C. Day long weekend.
That’s why ICBC and police are urging drivers to slow down. When you slow down, you see more of the road and have more time to react.
If you’re caught speeding, you end up paying in a number of ways – from increased insurance premiums to fines and impoundment.
ICBC’s tips for a safe road trip:
- Plan your route and check road conditions at drivebc.ca before you leave.
- Don’t speed up as someone is trying to pass you. Help the other driver get back into your lane by slowing down and making room.
- Be realistic about travel times. Long weekend travel can take longer due to congestion. Don’t rush to make up time – slow down to reduce your risk of crashing and arrive safely.
- Stay focused and avoid distractions that take your mind off driving and your eyes off the road. Distracted driving is one of the most common causes of crashes so remember to leave your phone alone. If you’re a driver with less than four years of experience, you can sign-up to participate in ICBC’s upcoming telematics pilot project.
- Make a game of looking for motorcycles. Have every passenger guess how many motorcycles you’ll see during the drive and then count them as you go. It’s a great way to teach young drivers to look for motorcyclists. | <urn:uuid:416bc006-91cd-4ced-b1c1-a39a34571bba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asianjournal.ca/icbc-and-police-warn-speeding-drivers-ahead-of-long-weekend/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.946507 | 381 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Jurassic World: Dino Hybrid is a book set to be published on March 1, 2016, by Random House. Written for children 3-7, it contains dinosaur hybrid trading cards and over 30 stickers. It has 24 pages.
Return to Jurassic World and discover that Indominus rex wasn’t the only hybrid dinosaur created in the lab. Children 3-7 are sure to love this action-packed book featuring the monstrous creations made from mixed-up dinosaur DNA—as well as Jurassic World hybrid dinosaur trading cards and over 30 stickers!
Behind the scenesEdit
The hybrid featured on the cover is a Level 40 Indominus rex from Jurassic World: The Game.
Notes and referencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Barnes&Noble - Dino Hybrid (Jurassic World) Retrieved December 5, 2015 from http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/dino-hybrid-billy-wrecks/1122956179?ean=9780399553424&st=PLA&sid=BNB_DRS_Core+Shopping+Books_00000000&2sid=Google_&sourceId=PLGoP505&k_clickid=3x505 | <urn:uuid:23e3c532-ac82-47d4-8f24-cfb68d8e4a98> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://jurassicpark.wikia.com/wiki/Jurassic_World:_Dino_Hybrid_(book) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00179-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.784024 | 258 | 1.570313 | 2 |
A war fan is a fan designed for use in warfare. Several types of war fans were used by the samurai class of feudal Japan. Kunoichi (female ninja) used them also. They are also referred to as tessen (鉄扇, literally "iron fan(s)"). War fans were commonly used as surprise-weapons.
War fans varied in size, materials, shape, and use. One of the most significant uses was as a signalling device. Signalling fans came in two varieties:
- a real fan that has wood or metal ribs with lacquered paper attached to the ribs and a metal outer cover
- a solid open fan made from metal and/or wood, very similar to the gunbai used today by sumo referees.
The commander would raise or lower his fan and point in different ways to issue commands to the soldiers, which would then be passed on by other forms of visible and audible signalling.
War fans could also be used as weapons, The art of fighting with war fans is tessenjutsu.
Types of Japanese war fans
- Gunsen (軍扇) were folding fans used by the average warriors to cool themselves off. They were made of wood, bronze, brass or a similar metal for the inner spokes, and often used thin iron or other metals for the outer spokes or cover, making them lightweight but strong. Warriors would hang their fans from a variety of places, most typically from the belt or the breastplate, though the latter often impeded the use of a sword or a bow.
- Tessen (鉄扇) were folding fans with outer spokes made of heavy plates of iron which were designed to look like normal, harmless folding fans or solid clubs shaped to look like a closed fan. Samurai could take these to places where swords or other overt weapons were not allowed, and some swordsmanship schools included training in the use of the tessen as a weapon. The tessen was also used for fending off arrows and darts, as a throwing weapon, and as an aid in swimming.
- Gunbai (Gumbai), Gunpai (Gumpai) or dansen uchiwa (軍配) were large solid open fans that could be solid iron, metal with wooden core, or solid wood, which were carried by high-ranking officers. They were used to ward off arrows, as a sunshade, and to signal to troops.
War fans in history and folklore
One particularly famous legend involving war fans concerns a direct confrontation between Takeda Shingen and Uesugi Kenshin at the fourth battle of Kawanakajima. Kenshin burst into Shingen's command tent on horseback, having broken through his entire army, and attacked; his sword was deflected by Shingen's war fan. It is not clear whether Shingen parried with a tessen, a dansen uchiwa, or some other form of fan. Nevertheless, it was quite rare for commanders to fight directly, and especially for a general to defend himself so effectively when taken so off-guard.
Minamoto no Yoshitsune is said to have defeated the great warrior monk Saitō Musashibō Benkei with a tessen.
Araki Murashige is said to have used a tessen to save his life when the great warlord Oda Nobunaga sought to assassinate him. Araki was invited before Nobunaga, and was stripped of his swords at the entrance to the mansion, as was customary. When he performed the customary bowing at the threshold, Nobunaga intended to have the room's sliding doors slammed shut onto Araki's neck, killing him. However, Araki supposedly placed his tessen in the grooves in the floor, blocking the doors from closing.
War fans outside Japan
Fans are also used for offensive and defensive purposes in the Chinese and Korean martial arts. They are called "铁扇" (tiě shàn, literally "iron fan") in Chinese, and "부채" (buchae) in Korean – see Korean fighting fan.
In popular culture
- Video games, in the Koei Tecmo series Samurai Warriors (Sengoku Musou), Takeda Shingen wields a dansen uchiwa in the first game in Samurai Warriors 2 (Sengoku Musou 2), Ishida Mitsunari also wields a tessen. War fans are used by the popular video game female ninja characters Mai Shiranui (wooden-paper fans in the Fatal Fury and The King of Fighters series) and Kitana (a pair of sharp metal fans in the Mortal Kombat series and films). In Dragon Quest IX, fans are a class of weapons available to Minstrels. In Team Fortress 2, the Scout can unlock a war fan as a melee weapon. Touhou Project character Yuyuko Saigyouji uses paper fans to unleash her spells. In the Guilty Gear series the character Anji Mito uses war fans.
Barbie and the 3 Musketeers, in the video game for wii the characters use weapons like a sword, whips, violin bow & war fans the most famous princess hero that use the fan is Aramina
- Television, in Avatar the Last Airbender, the Kyoshi Warriors possessed these tessen and used them in combat against the fire nation.
- William E. Deal, Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan, p.167
- Louis Frédéric, Japan Encyclopedia, p.267
- Oscar Ratti, Adele Westbrook, Secrets of the Samurai: A Survey of the Martial Arts of Feudal Japan, p.296-304
- Jōchi Daigaku, JSTOR (Organization), Monumenta Nipponica, Volume 16, p.71-p.73
- Karl M. Schwarz, Netsuke Subjects: A Study on the NetsukeThemes With Reference to Their Interpretation and Symbolism, p.116
- A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor: In All Countries and in All Times, George Cameron Stone, Courier Dover Publications, 1999 P.256
- Oscar Ratti and Adele Westbrook, Secrets of the Samurai, Edison, NJ: Castle Books (1973).
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).| | <urn:uuid:f8aaf228-04ca-4386-ad3e-8c1f41c52298> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Japanese_war_fan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.952782 | 1,373 | 3 | 3 |
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
AIP is an acute porphyria known to cause abdominal pain, gastrointestinal issues, and neurological changes.
Symptoms usually begin to present after puberty.
Acute attacks usually require hospitalisation and treatment by a porphyria specialist.
AIP is inherited from one of the parents and usually first manifests after puberty especially in girls. Severe abdominal pain with vomiting and constipation is the main feature but pain, numbness and weakness in the arms and legs can also be present as well as palpitations, confusion, agitation, seizures, hallucinations and insomnia. On blood tests sodium levels may be low.
Triggers include fasting, low carbohydrate intake, alcohol intake, infections and a whole range of drugs which are listed on porphyria websites and should be avoided. In women episodes may coincide with menstruation.
Management consists of avoiding these triggers and dealing urgently with acute attacks.
In acute attacks intravenous glucose and pain relief with opiates, usually morphine is required. If this does not settle the pain haemarginate infusions can result in rapid improvement and may be required on up to four consecutive days. Access to suitable veins is critical and haemarginate needs to be specially prepared and be given through a central line.
In acute attacks prompt attendance at a hospital emergency department is critical so treatment can be given promptly to relieve symptoms and prevent deterioration.
Because treatment needs to be given promptly and is complex its best to always attend the same emergency department and to have an agreed treatment plan spelling out in some detail what needs to happen. This ideally should include the contact details of a porphyria specialist and be agreed to by the patient, the emergency department staff and the porphyria specialist.
Importantly other cause of abdominal pain including appendicitis, cholecystitis endometriosis and bowel inflammation can still occur and must not be overlooked
Its important to confirm the diagnosis of porphyria and to document this clearly in the patient records and plan.
The best time to prove the diagnosis is during an acute attack when levels of PBG and porphyrins, mostly uroporphyrin, are high in the urine. Urine PBG can be done quickly but porphyrin estimations are usually done in a specialised lab and take time.
In laboratory proven cases of AIP elevated urine PBG is confirmatory during acute attacks of AIP but if symptoms are typical treatment should commence promptly and not be delayed while waiting for the test result.
Click for more information about testing. | <urn:uuid:6fca3e35-354e-4c9e-82b7-9239ede5a464> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.porphyria-australia.org/acute-intermittant-porphyria | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.935936 | 538 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Let’s say you’re running an online portal for people to pay their medical bills.
But now you want to start up a site that has their medical records.
How do you get people’s personal medical information in order to populate your new site?
According to the FTC, PaymentsMD got that data by setting up authorizations in tiny windows on the billing site, each of which displays a meager six lines of a far lengthier text that, when consumers click the box, grants the go-ahead for your data grab.
Oh, and don’t forget to make it even easier to weasel away that data by putting a single box on the front page. Anybody who clicks that one box accepts all of the four authorizations at once.
On Wednesday, the FTC announced that PaymentsMD and its former CEO have settled charges that they misled thousands of consumers who signed up for the billing portal, by failing to adequately inform them that the company would seek highly detailed medical information from pharmacies, medical labs and insurance companies.
The FTC charged in a pair of complaints that the company and its CEO used the sign-up process for the patient portal as “a pathway to deceptively seek consumers’ consent to obtain detailed medical information about the consumers.”
That’s pretty bad, privacy-wise, said Jessica Rich, director of the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection:
Consumers’ health information is as sensitive as it gets. Using deceptive tactics to gain consumers’ ‘permission’ to collect their full health history is contrary to the most basic privacy principles.
The complaints say that PaymentsMD, along with a third party, began developing a separate service known as Patient Health Report in 2012.
To get the new site populated with medical records, the complaints allege, PaymentsMD tweaked the registration process for the billing portal to include permission for the company and its partners to contact healthcare providers to obtain their medical information.
According to the complaint, it’s only reasonable for customers of the Patient Portal billing service to expect that when they clicked to authorize the site, they were authorizing exactly that: billing.
The complaints allege that once the company and its partners had the authorization, they then scooped up sensitive health information from pharmacies, medical testing companies and insurance companies in order to create a patient health report.
That includes prescriptions, procedures, medical diagnoses, lab tests performed, test results and more.
The company allegedly contacted pharmacies located near the consumers, without knowing whether the consumers in question were in fact customers of any particular pharmacy.
Here’s the good news, which speaks highly of the privacy sophistication of many healthcare companies: All but one of the companies refused to hand over the requested data to the company, given that PaymentsMD was after information pertaining to minors and to individuals who weren’t customers of the healthcare company contacted.
It was when PaymentsMD began to let customers know that it was trying to collect consumers’ health information that the truth emerged.
“Numerous” angry consumers complained to the FTC, it said, having been under the impression that they had signed up only for a billing portal and not an online health record.
All that weaseled-away information has to be destroyed under the terms of the settlements.
Nor can they pull this stunt again, the FTC said, having banned them from deceiving consumers about the way they collect and use information, including how information they collect might be shared with or collected from a third party.
Also, the settlements state that the respondents must obtain consumers’ affirmative, express consent before collecting health information about a consumer from a third party.
Moral of the story: Beware the tiny and/or hidden legalese!
A company that’s handling sensitive consumer data in a manner that’s on the up and up very likely doesn’t need to stuff the permissions far away from the light of day. | <urn:uuid:3d97294a-e131-4fc7-8a08-aba91b38fe26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2014/12/08/online-medical-bill-site-tricked-people-to-hand-over-health-records/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955734 | 817 | 1.578125 | 2 |
- 1 General Plant Info
- 2 Identification
- 3 Alkaloid content
- 4 Extraction teks
- 5 Cultivation
- 6 Refinery for the Purpose of Extraction
- 7 References
- 8 Links
- 9 Mimosa Hostilis Root Bark
General Plant Info
Mimosa hostilis is the former scientific name for Mimosa tenuiflora, and the two names are synonymous . The older name is still widely know due to its presence in the literature and as distributers of botanical products still use the older term. M. tenuiflora is an entheogen known as Jurema, Jurema Preta, Black Jurema, and Vinho de Jurema. Dried Mexican Mimosa Hostilis root bark has been recently shown to have a DMT content of about 1%. The stem bark has about 0.03% DMT.
To date no β-carbolines such as harmala alkaloids have been detected in Mimosa tenuiflora decoctions, however the isolation of a new compound called "Yuremamine" from Mimosa tenuiflora as reported in 2005 represents a new class of phyto-indoles . This may explain the reported oral activity of DMT in Jurema without the addition of an MAOI. Imported MHRB typically requires the addition of an MAOI in the preparation of ayahuasca.
- Root Bark contains DMT - 0.31% to 0.57% (Schultes 1977)
- Inner root bark contains up to 2% active alkaloids (Extractions from DMT-Nexus and others)
- 3% of the total alkaloids (or 0.04% of rootbark) is NMT and 2-Methyl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-Beta-Carboline (Analysis of jungle spice, Analysis of red/yellow/white spices
For extracting DMT , any of the extraction teks described here will work.
Yuremamine is sensitive to heat and pH changes so only cold water (or alcoholic) soak will retrieve it.
Growing: Mimosas aren´t cold proof. For outdoor growing they deserve a sunny place with leachy middle nutrient soil. Throughout the vegetation are copiously watered, in winter the watering is tied down on to the minimum. They are breeding with the seeds, but can be breeded with the cutting also.
Refinery for the Purpose of Extraction
Mimosa Hostilis Root Bark can be acquired in different stages of preparation. Usually it is sold as whole, shredded or pre-powdered root-bark, but one may have access to the whole root—usually when harvested directly.
- The whole root must cleaned and stripped of its inner root-bark while discarding the rest of the root.
- The whole root-bark must generally be torn by hand, cut, or smashed with a blunt object prior to shredding.
- The shredded should be further broken down as much as possible by peeling/cutting/blending to increase surface area for alkaloids to be extracted.
- The pre-powdered can always be used "as-is".
Below details how to break it from whole root
|Note:||Only the Inner Root Bark is necessary for extraction, the core and outer parts are to be discarded!|
Pictured below is its original after being harvested from the plant. Notice the middle core is quite distinct from the root-bark, the outer bark is much more brown:
Cleaning the root
Peeling the Inner Root Bark
|Peeling the Inner Root Bark|
Once the outermost part has been removed, peel off the Inner Root Bark to separate it from the core. This can easily be accomplished immediately by hand, though the use of a knife may be helpful.
Here's the inner core which is to be discarded:
Result of root preparation
|Result of root preparation|
The peeled inner root-bark now needs to dry. This may be accomplished by simply leaving it in the sun. Here's how it should look:
Breaking the rootbark up
|Breaking the rootbark up|
The pieces/strips of inner root-bark require further refinery to expose a larger surface area and increase the availability of the alkaloids for extraction. If storage is desired, then the whole pieces are preferable, as the alkaloids are less exposed and thus better protected.
First strip the pieces further into thinner layers with the hands, then cut it up with good scissors into smaller squares, then break it down in small amounts and short/medium bursts with a blender or coffee grinder (to prevent breaking of blender/grinder)
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24430
- Lewis, G.P. (1987) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 369 pp Legumes of Bahia.
- Vepsäläinen, Jouko J.; Auriola, Seppo; Tukiainen, Mikko; Ropponen, Nina & Callaway, J.C. (2005). "Isolation and characterization of yuremamine, a new phytoindole". Planta Medica, 71: 1053-1057. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16320208
Mimosa Hostilis Root Bark
Mimosa Hostilis Root Bark (MHRB) is the root bark of Mimosa Hostilis and is widely used as a source for the extraction of DMT. | <urn:uuid:9740a31c-baec-4159-a88b-bfa11dae90d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://wiki.dmt-nexus.me/MHRB | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00273-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.873662 | 1,248 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Clif High C60 & Preparing for Long Life, What’s Next? Part 1
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Part 1: Clif High rejoins the show to discuss the future where humans live 125 to 200 years old. How will your life change and what should you do to prepare for a long life? We discuss the consequences of a long life without taking care of your long term health in the process (other factors such as dementia). This is a needed conversation that humans around the planet should be having if they are planning on pursuing life extension methods. Clif also talks about his recent sabbatical and his shifting passions and interests. Something most of us can relate to!
Clif High is a computer scientist and linguistic who has been credited as the founder of the Predictive Linguistics field, a powerful process that analyzes vast amount of internet data to predict future language about future events, due to the nature of humans. His process uses computer software, Web Bots, to aggregate vast amounts of written text from the internet by categories delineated by emotional content of the words.
The field has been expanding ever since its birth in 1997. There are currently many practitioners of Predictive Linguistics, but no one has garnered the reputation and attention as Clif High, it’s founder. His famous prediction in June 2001 which projected “a major ‘tipping point’, that is a ‘life-changing event’ with aspects of ‘military and accident’ that would forever change the way we live to occur inside of 90 days” raised his profile amongst government officials, alternative media, researchers and scholars. Since his first high profile prediction of the events of 911, he has been credited for predicting many other events such as the anthrax attack in Washington, the crash of American 587, the Columbia disaster, the Northeast Power outage, the Banda Aceh earthquake and more recently, Trump’s victory in the national election.
High will be the first to admit that not all of his predictions will come true. He gives various reasons for why predictions may or may not be accurate. However, depending on the nature of the prediction, his work over the last 20 years has shown to come true at least 50% of the time and statistically higher for other categories of analysis. The statistically significant results of his work makes it an important area of study for further research into humans collective conscious and predictive capabilities. | <urn:uuid:33e0c471-2013-486f-99e4-041c0d7b29ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sarahwestall.com/clif-high-c60-preparing-for-long-life-whats-next-part-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.9569 | 504 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Scrabble word: ISALLOBAR
In which Scrabble dictionary does ISALLOBAR exist?
Definitions of ISALLOBAR in dictionaries:
- A line on a weather map connecting places having equal changes in atmospheric pressure within a given period of time.
There are 9 letters in ISALLOBAR: A A B I L L O R S
Scrabble words that can be created with an extra letter added to ISALLOBAR
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word ISALLOBAR plus a wildcard: ISALLOBAR?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word ISALLOBAR
9 letter words
8 letter words
7 letter words
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Images for ISALLOBAR
SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the game are owned by respective owners in the U.S.A and Canada and the rest of the world. Anagrammer.com is not affiliated with Scrabble. This site is an educational tool and resource for Scrabble & Words With Friends players. | <urn:uuid:f618e27e-7912-4898-9cfa-8f7934f5633b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.anagrammer.com/scrabble/isallobar | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00021-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.852247 | 299 | 2.328125 | 2 |
A woman looks at a stone and stucco sculpture, entitled Estela de la Ventilla, belonging to the ancient Maya civilization, on display in an exhibition, entitled Teotihuacan. Ciudad de los Dioses (Teotihuacan. City of the Gods), at the CaixaForum in Barcelona, Spain. The exhibition, presenting some 400 pieces from the Mayan city of Teotihuacan, runs until 19 June.
Teotihuacan, City of the Gods, the most complete exhibition ever devoted to Teotihuacan culture recently opened at Caixaforum Barcelona.
The objective behind the exhibitions that “la Caixa” Foundation has devoted in recent years to the great cultures of the past is to illustrate how men and women in different places and times have attempted to answer the great universal questions, and to increase our understanding of the world by showcasing the most recent historic and archaeological research.
To this end, such exhibitions as those devoted to the Steppe Route, Afghanistan, Nubia, the Persian Empire and treasures from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have all served to underline the links between the ancient and modern worlds, and to present culture as a means of understanding and communication between peoples.
This is not the first time that an exhibition at ”la Caixa” Foundation has focused on ancient Mexican cultures; having previously showcased Life and Death. Funeral Art in Western Mexico, then, ”la Caixa” Foundation now presents Teotihuacan, City of the Gods.
Jointly organised with the Mexican National Institute of Anthropology and History, Teotihuacan, City of the Gods commemorates a century of archaeological excavations in that pre-Hispanic city. The most important exhibition ever devoted to Teotihuacan
culture, the show is presented at CaixaForum as part of an international itinerary that has taken it to Mexico (Monterrey and Mexico DF) and several European cities, including Paris, Zurich, Berlin and Rome. Already, more than 350,000 people have taken the chance to admire the many outstanding works the
“The Place of the Gods”
The city of Teotihuacan, located 45 kilometres from Mexico City, is one of the archaeological wonders of the world and was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1987. The principal monuments in the city —the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon, which are connected by the Avenue of the Dead, the beautiful Palace of the Jaguars and the Temple of Quetzalcóalt— are references in universal culture.
In the Nahuatl language, Teotihuacan means “place of the gods” or “place where men become gods”. Considered the most important city to be built on the American continent in pre-Hispanic times, Teotihuacan was an important cultural, political and religious centre. So much so that, over an 800-year period, one of the most important societies in pre-Cortes Mexico developed here.
As a great metropolis, Teotihuacan led the way in politics, trade and ideology throughout much of Mesoamerica over the period from 150 BC to 650 AD. Such was the city’s magnificence and importance that, centuries after its collapse, it was still considered a holy place by many communities that migrated to Central Mexico. Even today, Teotihuacan continues to form an essential element in Mexican identity, whose roots are sought in the complex fabric of beliefs and customs woven by its ancient cultures.
How the City of the Gods fell into complete decline continues to be a mystery. The archaeological evidence –thick layers of ash found at sites– would appear to indicate that, in around the mid-7th century AD, a huge fire razed the entire metropolitan area to the ground.
However, there also exist indications of internal rebellion: sculptures were mutilated and their fragments scattered around different parts of the city, and statues of chiefs and priests were destroyed in a bid to rid the city of the elite and their representatives. Walls were even built before the pyramid steps to make it clear that access to them for ceremonies and to worship the gods was forbidden.
Various possible explanations have been suggested for the collapse of Teotihuacan: internal revolt against the established power; crises caused by excessive population
increase; blockage of trade routes; invasions by neighbouring peoples; and so on. Nor
should we forget the fatalism that was inherent to pre-Hispanic indigenous thought: if the universe was created by the gods, then the gods will also determine the end of their creation. The Disc of Death, which was damaged in the destruction meted out on the city, conclusively evokes the terrible end of a great civilisation.
400 objects, seen together for the first time
Teotihuacan, City of the Gods presents more than four hundred archaeological pieces —brought together here for the first time— that form a complete vision of Teotihuacan culture. These works come from the principal museums managed by the Mexican National Institute of Anthropology and History, which include the Mexican National Museum of Anthropology and History, the Teotihuacan Archaeological Zone and the Museum of the Great Temple. These pieces are complemented by others from private collections, such as that built up by the painter Diego Rivera at the House of Anahuac.
The works that feature in the exhibition include mural paintings, stone sculptures, statuettes carved from obsidian, fine pottery recipients, sumptuous pre-Hispanic jewellery and ritual masks (some covered in turquoise), as well as figurines depicting important animals in Mesoamerican mythology, such as jaguars and snakes, made from different materials.
The works featured in the exhibition show extraordinary refinement and a cosmopolitan spirit, open to the most important cultures in Central America. They range from objects found in the early-20th century to recent discoveries in the Palace of Xalla, north of the Pyramid of the Sun. The most outstanding include the Great Jaguar of Xalla, an architectural sculpture (discovered just a few years ago) that conserves much of its polychrome finish; and the so-called Disc of Death, a stone sculpture that alludes to the mysterious end of that ancient civilisation.
For more interesting topics related to archaeology, visit archaeology excavations. | <urn:uuid:817fa5f4-8f40-41b5-9bda-31f895ffce4d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://archaeologyexcavations.blogspot.com/2011/04/century-of-archaeological-excavations.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00566-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954665 | 1,311 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Obama asks world to look past U.S. stereotypes
Vows a 'new chapter in American engagement' as he concludes Europe trip
Image: President Barack Obama visits the Blue Mosque
Charles Dharapak / AP
President Barack Obama is accompanied by Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan as he visits the Blue Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey, on Tuesday.
View related photos
April 7: President Obama ends his visit to Turkey with some sightseeing and a town hall-style meeting with students. The president says he’s committed to American engagement with the Muslim world. NBC’s Savannah Guthrie reports.
updated 2 hours, 11 minutes ago
ISTANBUL, Turkey - Barack Obama wrapped up his first European trip as U.S. president with a request of the world: Look past his nation's stereotypes and flaws. "You will find a partner and a supporter and a friend in the United States of America," he declared Tuesday.
"The world will be what you make of it," Obama told college students in Turkey's largest city. "You can choose to build new bridges instead of building new walls."
Promising a "new chapter of American engagement" with the rest of the world, Obama said the United States needs to be more patient in its dealings. And he said the rest of the world needs a better sense "that change is possible so we don't have to always be stuck with old arguments."
The students formed a tight circle around the U.S. president, who slowly paced a sky-blue rug while answering their questions. He promised to end the town hall-style session before the Muslim call to prayer.
Obama rejected "stereotypes" about the United States, including that it has become selfish and crass.
"I'm here to tell you that that's not the country that I know and it's not the country that I love," the president said. "America, like every other nation, has made mistakes and has its flaws. But for more than two centuries we have strived at great cost and sacrifice to form a more perfect union."
Pledge to rebuild U.S.-Muslim ties
He repeated his pledge to rebuild relations between the United States and the Muslim world.
First 100 days
Barack Obama spends the majority of his 11th week as president in Europe, with stops in London, Strasbourg, Prague and Istanbul.
"I am personally committed to a new chapter of American engagement," Obama said. "We can't afford to talk past one another, to focus only on our differences, or to let the walls of mistrust go up around us."
Obama's message was being warmly received by Arabs and Muslims. In an interview published Tuesday, Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al-Moallem called his words "important" and "positive."
The questions for Obama at the town-hall meeting were polite and rarely bracing, though one student asked whether there was any real difference between his White House and the Bush administration. Obama cautioned that while he had great differences with Bush over issues such as Iraq and climate change, it takes time to change a nation as big as the United States.
"Moving the ship of state is a slow process," he said.
The Turkish stop capped an eight-day European trip that senior adviser David Axelrod called "enormously productive" — including an economic crisis summit in London and a NATO conclave in France and Germany.
Axelrod said specific benefits might be a while in coming. "You plant, you cultivate, you harvest," he told reporters. "Over time, the seeds that were planted here are going to be very, very valuable."
Obama defends optimism on Iran, nukes
Picking up on his consultant's theme later, Obama told the college students he sees nothing wrong with setting his sights high on goals such as mending relations with Iran and eliminating the world of nuclear options — two cornerstone issues of his trip.
"Some people say that maybe I'm being too idealistic," Obama said. "But if we don't try, if we don't reach high, then we won't make any progress."
Obama's final day in Turkey also featured a meeting with religious leaders and stops at top tourist sites in this city on the Bosporus that spans Europe and Asia. Accompanied by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, he toured the Hagia Sophia museum and the Blue Mosque.
At the Blue Mosque, just across a square and manicured gardens from Hagia Sophia, the president padded, shoeless like his entire entourage in accordance with religious custom, across the carpeted mosque interior. All around were intricate stained-glass windows and a series of domes, thick columns and walls entirely covered in blue, red and white tile mosaic. Again, he appeared to speak little, as he was schooled in what he was seeing by a guide. He spent about 40 minutes at both places.
At his Istanbul hotel, Obama met with Istanbul's grand mufti and its chief rabbi, as well as Turkey's Armenian patriarch and Syrian Orthodox archbishop.
Continental listening tour
In many respects, Obama's European trip was a continental listening tour.
He told the G-20 summit in London that global cooperation is the key to ending a crippling recession. And at the NATO summit in France and Germany, he said his new strategy for Afghanistan reflects extensive consultation.
In Ankara, Turkey's capital, Obama told lawmakers their country can help ensure Muslims and the West listen to each other. | <urn:uuid:e68a8f85-1f17-40a4-aa9e-1957374cab7a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://runawayhorses.alldiscussion.net/t2925-look-past-u-s-sterotypes-flaws | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00547-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97716 | 1,132 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Eva Siegenthaler, Francisco M. Costela, Michael B. McCamy, Leandro L. Di Stasi, Jorge Otero-Millan, Andreas Sonderegger, Rudolf Groner, Stephen Macknik and Susana Martinez-Conde Task difficulty in mental arithmetic affects microsaccadic rates and magnitudes European Journal of Neuroscience 39
We investigated the effects of task difficulty on human microsaccades during the performance of a mental arithmetic task. Microsaccade rates decreased and microsaccade magnitudes increased with increased task difficulty. These results are consistent with task difficulty-induced variations in attentional load, which may modulate microsaccadic rates and magnitudes via changes in the intensity and shape of the rostral superior colliculus activity map.
Complete the form below and we will send an e-mail message containing a link to the selected article on your behalf | <urn:uuid:97305ac0-8394-460a-b496-70513e9f7487> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/emailArticleLink?doi=10.1111/ejn.12395&issueDoi=10.1111/ejn.2014.39.issue-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00018-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.845048 | 186 | 1.726563 | 2 |
One of the men who interrogated 9/11 mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammad told Fox News' "The Kelly File" Wednesday that political correctness "started that chain" that led to Monday night's truck attack on a Berlin Christmas market.Read more
The study used two questions to measure a student's sexual status: "Which of the following best describes you?" The response options were "heterosexual (straight)," "gay or lesbian," "bisexual," and "not sure." The sexual activity of students surveyed was determined by asking: "During your life, with whom have you had sexual contact?" The response options were "I have never had sexual contact," "females," "males," and "females and males." In analyzing the results, researchers grouped studentsRead more
If you're an LGBTQ loyalist, you will love the "in your face" cover photo of the boy Avery. But for me, one who was restored after living for eight years as a female transgender, the cover photo is a sad and painful reminder of a lost childhood, a family ripped apart, and a marriage that did not survive. To me, the cover is a glossy reminder of the brokenness of transgender ideology.Read more
Into this climate enters an abnormality, a mother who believes strongly in "comprehensive sex education," yet has a piece over at Scary Mommy which argues for teen celibacy. She makes her case based on findings which suggest that holding off on sex corresponds to healthier living overall.Read more
Faced with this troubling development, clergy members have made various efforts to revive church attendance. It was almost 20 years ago that John Shelby Spong, a U.S. bishop in the Episcopalian Church, published his book "Why Christianity Must Change or Die." It was presented as an antidote to the crisis of decline in mainline churches.Read more
At Brown University, students found the idea of a debate between a leftist-feminist and a libertarian-feminist so traumatic, that the university had to arrange for a safe space stocked with cookies, colouring books, bubbles, Play-Doh, calming music, pillows, blankets and a video of frolicking puppies.Read more
He said people in sexual minorities should not be forced to 'fight under a single banner' just because they are included in the LGBT acronym.
He made the comments in The Times, under the headline: "Here's why I want to leave the LGBT club".
Parris said he rejects the LGBT banner which "owes much" to a flawed "post-Marxist" view of "oppressed minorities".Read more
Homosexuality is, in my view, primarily a symptom of gender trauma. Although some people may have been born with biological conditions (prenatal hormonal influences, inborn emotional sensitivity) that make them especially vulnerable to such trauma, what distinguishes the male homosexual condition is that there was an interruption in the normal masculine identification process.Read more
Although we don't have Champagne in the Rust Belt marking that terrible moment, we can appreciate the pain and fear.
Women Don't Want Men And Boys In Their Restrooms
Boylan is wrong, of course. Women and parents do not want boys and men in the girls' room. And yes, some did vote Republican because they knew HRC's second largest donor was transgender billionaire Jennifer Natalya Pritzker, formerly US Army Lieutenant Colonel James Nicholas.Read more
On the Mainline
Worship with us:
Sundays at 4:00pm.
210 S. Wayne Ave, Wayne, PA | <urn:uuid:f6d3ac53-e26c-4d5c-be8f-3aca2ea9e953> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.virtueonline.org/culture-wars | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00025-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9681 | 736 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Principal Investigator: Dr. Richard Watts (UVM TRC)
Co-Investigator: Dr. Paul Hines (UVM College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences)
Funding Agencies: US DOT, Central Vermont Public Service, Green Mountain Power, Burlington Electric Department
In this study, funded by the US DOT and Vermont utilities, volunteer drivers will use the PHEV for their regular daily travel, and from these trips, data will be collected about carbon emissions, electricity use, local variations in the electrical supply, and performance over differing distances and driving styles. The research also includes an on-going effort to determine the capacity of Vermont's electric grid to handle 50,000, 100,000 or 200,000 plug-in hybrids. | <urn:uuid:45afafc2-9344-4224-b9dd-d1d4d964d0ba> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.uvm.edu/~transctr/research/projects/022745.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00233-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.887379 | 152 | 1.835938 | 2 |
By Geoff Taylor
The post-PC era
Following the introduction of the iPad at the D8 Conference in June, 2010, Steve Jobs famously heralded the new “post-PC” age of mobile computing, comparing traditional computers (desktops and laptops) to big powerful but lumbering trucks, and tablets to nippy convenient little cars. With a tablet, he predicted, most of us would be able to do most of what we wanted just fine. And he was right. For most people, most of the time, a tablet is fine, and its typically long battery life is a great bonus.
The storage problem
One significant drawback, that Jobs didn’t highlight, though, is lack of storage space. Solid state Flash storage is still very expensive. The current top of the line iPad model costs £639 and only has 128GB of storage. After you’ve loaded on your apps, your photos, your podcasts and your songs, how many HD movies or TV series can you find room for? A 2-hour 720p HD film from iTunes is almost 4GB. Series 1 (HD) of Homeland comes in at over 20GB. It’s all going to be a bit of a squeeze.
The file sharing problem
Another issue, especially at work and school, which all of us must have experienced in different forms, is the problem of sharing files, both between users and between different machines used by the same user. Small files can be emailed, but as the size gets bigger, the solutions tend to get more costly, ranging from Internet cloud services to fully-fledged traditional computer-based file servers requiring specialised knowledge to set up.
WiFi cloud solution
One good solution could be an easy-to-manage local WiFi cloud where we can store, share and stream our growing library of files, a cloud whose size we can easily and cheaply expand as our needs increase.
Enter the hero
Welcome to the Kanex meDrive file server. The makers claim it acts as an easy-to-use local WiFi cloud file sharing and expandable storage solution, compatible with all modern iOS devices, including all iPads and any iPhone or iPod touch running iOS 5.1 or later, and Macs*. You just add USB hard drives according to how much storage you want.
*Windows and Android users can also use all the meDrive’s file sharing features via WebDAV, but there’s no special File Manager app, and of course they can’t use the functions connected with Apple’s iWork app suite (Keynote, Pages and Numbers).
meDrive File Manager iOS app
The free meDrive File Manager iOS app is well documented and quite straightforward to use. On an iPad, in landscape mode, the view is of a navigation bar on the left and a content area on the right, with the option to expand the content area to fill the screen or view in windowed mode. In portrait mode, the navigation bar becomes a drop-down window. I like how refreshing the navigation bar view is done with the commonly used “pull down and release” gesture. On the iPhone / iPod touch, there is only a single window at any time.
In my tests, viewing files of different formats worked flawlessly. Various popular image, audio and video and document formats loaded flawlessly, including PDF documents, and even Microsoft Word and Powerpoint documents. (See the FAQs page on the website for a list of compatible formats.) The only files I could copy but couldn’t view within the meDrive app were TV and movie files from the iTunes store, which presumably have a DRM (digital rights management) lock on them. But all audio files, including music tracks purchased from iTunes, played fine. Likewise, any video files I had made myself, or downloaded from YouTube, or ripped from DVDs with Handbrake all played perfectly.
Streaming large media files
Amazingly, even a half a gigabyte MP4 TV show loaded and started playing within a few seconds on my iPad. Better still, I was able to simultaneously play this movie on three different iOS devices, so, depending on bandwidth, different users can certainly stream different files at the same time. This would be very useful in a school situation, such as in my case, teaching at St Clare’s, Oxford, where Internet bandwidth is often not sufficient for a class of a dozen or so students to simultaneously stream multi-media files such as TED talks or YouTube videos. I haven’t been able to test this, but if I could download the desired media files and students could access them locally via the meDrive, that might avoid the kind of nagging video buffering issues that erode students’ motivation and goodwill.
Most of the meDrive app file management functions worked very well. I was able to download files from the USB drive to my iOS device, rename them, zip and unzip them, delete them, create folders, sort items within folders by name, kind, date or size, and email files as attachments. I was able to use the “Open In” feature to upload email attachments to the cloud. The “Open In” feature for downloading documents from the cloud to my iOS device worked beautifully with iWork apps, at least those which I have on my iPad, Keynote and Pages.
For some reason, I frequently got error messages when trying to move iWorks documents up to the cloud. I found the file-moving feature somewhat temperamental, sometimes working, sometimes not. The Add photo and Add video functions also seemed to be somewhat temperamental on my devices.
A big question is how long it takes to transfer files using the meDrive. Too slow and any kind of real time sharing of files between teacher and students within a lesson, or between colleagues working on a project, or between family members wanting to share a set of great photos, will become unworkable. The good news is that in my tests at home, with the meDrive plugged into my BT Infinity Home Hub 3, copying files wirelessly from my Mac to a 1GB USB stick plugged into the meDrive, uploading took about 1 minute per 100MB of data, almost 2MB per second, quite useable, in other words. Downloading cut the time in half. All in all, fast enough for most purposes. Small documents created by students or teachers in a school, for example, could be uploaded or downloaded in a minute or two or less. You could copy a half hour standard definition TV show of half a gigabyte in a few minutes, though a full-length HD movie of four gigabytes might take about 40 minutes.
By adding larger hard drives via the USB port, or even adding a USB hub and attaching a number of hard drives, you can expand the storage in the cloud to pretty much any size you want. The only caveat is that the drives must be formatted as (Windows) NTFS or (MS-DOS) FAT drives, which, out of the box, was a problem for me. As an Apple-oriented guy, virtually all of my bus-powered portable USB drives, used as Apple Time Machine back-up drives, are formatted as Mac OS Extended (Journaled), which is not compatible with the meDrive.
I don’t quite know why this should be so, as Apple kit compatibility seems to be such a high priority with the makers, but perhaps it is in order to secure compatibility with Windows-based hardware devices. This is not a massive hardship, as you can get a 64GB USB stick for under £30, for instance, but it does mean that Apple-oriented users may find they will need to erase and re-format an existing USB drive (requiring deletion of any files stored on the drive) or wait until they can purchase a new drive.
Why not Dropbox?
As an alternative to a local networked physical device like the meDrive, why not just use a remote cloud service like Dropbox? One big reason, as is discussed in MacWorld podcast #350, is security. It seems that Dropbox, for one, is not legally secure, as the providers retain the security key onsite. Although the files are encrypted, they are accessible by Dropbox employees and also any organisation that requires them, by law, for example, to share the contents of an account. So, some categories of use, including the storage/sharing of medical records or school children’s data, are almost certainly prohibited from such a service, but would be very well suited to a secure locally-networked physical device like the meDrive, which continues to function even if access to the Internet itself is unavailable or blocked. Another big plus is the lack of monthly fees.
Best for who?
On their website, Kanex especially promotes the use of the meDrive in three different scenarios: at school, at work and at home. The file-sharing scenario between teachers and students shown in the video on the website looks brilliant, and as long as everyone is using compatible software, should work very well. I was unable to test this, because in the teaching building where I work, the routers are all locked away, and there are no Ethernet ports available. In my school, quite a lot of students use large screen Android phones, “phablets” some call them, so hopefully an Android version of the File Manager app will be forthcoming from Kanex, although currently there seems to be no public plan to produce one.
In a SOHO (small office / home office) situation where file-sharing is a must, a fully-fledged computer-based file server is probably overkill, requiring specialised knowledge and extra expense. In any medical context, data protection concerns for the safety of patient data should prohibit the use of remote cloud file sharing solutions. Likewise, in a modern home, where different family members may have a range of computing and mobile devices with limited storage space, it may be very handy to store and share files, including large media files in an easy-to-access location. In all these scenarios, what’s needed is a local protected cloud-based (WiFi) file server solution, that will enable people of all ages to share files quickly, easily and securely.
The design of the packaging is excellent, with well-chosen pictorial and text information on the outside showing what the meDrive is, what it does and what is and isn’t included in the box. The unboxing process itself is logically staged and convenient (you don’t even really need scissors if you have a coin on you or sharp nails), and leaves you with an intact set of nested boxes, perfect for conveniently carrying the drive and its cables around with you. If you are concerned about the environment, and issues of waste and size of carbon footprint relating to the transportation of goods, you’ll be impressed by the compactness and recyclability of the packaging (pretty much all cardboard).
Out of the box
Along with the USB-bus powered file server device, small and light, about the size of a pack of playing cards, the makers provide all the cables you need. Only the power source for the meDrive is likely to be an issue. You can power the meDrive off a USB port in your computer. But if, like me, it is not convenient for you to permanently locate your computer next to your router, a USB mains charger (not provided), such as you may already have for charging mobile devices like iPods is a must. (At Amazon.co.uk, for instance, you can pick one up for a few pounds or less.)
Getting set up
The makers have worked hard to make the set up process quick and painless. You can be up and running in less than 10 minutes. The hardware installation is a breeze, as explained in the instructions, of just three simple connections, and took me less than 5 minutes. You attach the meDrive to your network router via the provided Ethernet cable, and to the USB power source via a mini USB cable. The Ethernet cable provided is only 1 foot long, but worked perfectly with my BT Infinity WiFi Home Hub 3 router, as did the 1 metre mini USB cable with a USB mains charger. Then, just plug in your USB drive. On the software side, the process is just as quick. Locating and installing the free meDrive File Manager app onto my iOS devices from Apple’s App Store took just a few minutes.
Connecting to the file server
Connecting to the meDrive file server is dead easy due to the use of Apple’s Bonjour Auto Discovery Service, where devices on the local network are automatically discovered and shown via a graphical user interface, with “zero configuration”, the legendary “it just works” principle in action. On an iOS device, it’s very easy: in the meDrive File Manager app window, select the “plus” icon and in the resulting network device window, you should see the meDrive, select it, put in the default username and password, and you’re in.
On a Mac or Windows PC, it’s almost as easy. Go to the Finder menus and from the “Go…” menu, choose “Connect to Server…”, type in the server address (“smb://medrive” or “smb://medrive.local”), enter the default username (“admin”) and password (“1234”) and you’re good to go. (I haven’t tested this on a Windows PC, but using Windows Explorer and mapping the server address “\\medrive\usb01”, it’s apparently just as painless.)
A small stumbling block I can alert people to is that to change the default password (“1234”), you really do have to go into “Settings”. There, you have to enter the default password and put in your new password twice. You can also change the name of the device but not the username (“admin”). Ignoring the short easy-to-follow instructions in the included mini-leaflet, I foolishly assumed during installation that I HAD set a new password and wasted quite a lot of time trying to work out why the drive wouldn’t load.
The meDrive user guides are excellent. In the box, there’s a nice brief little printed User Guide on how to get set up. Once you’ve connected to the meDrive via an iOS device, you’ll immediately see links to three very handy PDF help pages, “iOS Setup”, “Mac/PC Setup” and “iWork Setup”, which go into more detail and give nearly all the information you’ll need. For more information, go to the Kanex website. The Features page is very clear and includes an excellent short instructional video by one of the developers. The Specs page includes compatibility lists, and has links to the Support forums. The FAQs page includes a form for you to post a question, which they promise to answer in a “timely manner”. There’s also a Downloads page where you can get the latest firmware and also download the PDF help pages referred to above.
As a local WiFi cloud solution for mobile devices with limited storage space, in my tests, the Kanex meDrive worked brilliantly. It transfers small files very quickly and large audio and video media files stream with hardly any delay, and multiple devices can stream media from it without any apparent buffering problems. The free iOS File Manager app is easy to use and gives you the power to do most reasonable things with your files, such as organising them into folders, ordering them in different ways, moving them around and re-naming them. The iWork functions generally worked well. The only thing was that the app was a bit fragile and quit on me a few times, and one or two functions such as uploading iWorks documents didn’t always work on my iPad 2. Hardware and software installation and set up are very quick, and if you follow the instructions, should be painless. Without any moving parts, the device should last very well, and as an expandable storage solution, it’s extremely flexible. At just under £80, the meDrive is good value for money.
Kanex meDrive File Server for iPad, iPhone & Mac – £79.00 – http://www.kanexlive.com/medrive
Amazon.co.uk: Kanex meDrive Cloud Storage Server – £79.99 – http://goo.gl/JE9Uk
Apple CEO Steve Jobs Live at D8, June 1, 2010 – http://allthingsd.com/20100601/steve-jobs-session/
MacWorld podcast #350 – http://www.macworld.com/article/2033686/discussing-the-business-ipad.htmlGoogle+ | <urn:uuid:8e508b1a-df4e-477a-ba7f-a145017bd674> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.oxgadgets.com/2013/04/review-kanex-medrive-file-server.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00449-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94307 | 3,539 | 1.609375 | 2 |
June 24th, 2012 Headsman
On this date in 1575* a Japanese soldier was crucified under the walls of his castle … and entered his country’s folklore.
Kurosawa’s masterpiece Kagemusha imagines the Takeda where the (real) late daimyo Shingen was succeeded after his (real) 1573 death (fictitiously) by an imposter thief posing as the great commander. In the film, the imposter is unmasked and deposed, but witnesses the climactic Battle of Nagashino … and then makes a futile charge under the Takeda banner after that side is slaughtered.
After an initial Takeda attempt to take the fortress by storm, the Takeda settled in for a brief siege — knowing the defenders to have only a few days’ supplies on hand. Enter Torii Suneemon.
Under cover of darkness on the night of the 22nd-23rd, Suneemon slipped out of the Yagyu gate and picked his way through Takeda tripwires to escape the investment … and summon help.
Torii Suneemon embarks on his mission: 19th century woodblock print of Yoshitoshi‘s “24 Accomplishments of Imperial Japan” series. The same artist also depicted that event in this triptych.
Alas for him, Suneemon’s attempt to sneak back into the encircled fortress to deliver the good news was detected on the 24th, and he came as a prisoner to the Takeda commander. The Takeda prevailed upon their helpless captive to exchange his life for a signal service: approach the fortress walls and shout to the garrison that no help was on the way.
This Suneemon agreed to do.
The legends differ as to whether he walked on up to deliver this bogus bad news, or whether the Takeda lifted him up on a cross to impress upon their new agent the penalty for any funny business. Either way, Torii Suneemon had the last laugh: he immediately began hollering to the defenders that help was coming if they could just hang on a few more days.
Torii Suneemon goes off-script. Another Yoshitoshi creation, from here or from this detailed French post.
The besiegers, of course, crucified him immediately … but everyone could appreciate the doomed man’s heroism.
While the grateful Okudaira elevated his family to samurai rank, even an enemy Takeda commander who witnessed the event was so moved that he adopted the image of the defiantly crucified soldier for his battle standard.
Nor was the brave soldier’s sacrifice in vain. The garrison did hold on — and their allies did relieve them, and did rout the Takeda in the resulting Battle of Nagashino. (The scenario is widely reproduced in video games nowadays).
* Some sites give this as “May 16″, but I believe the primary sources here actually indicate the 16th day of the 5th month on the traditional Japanese lunisolar calendar. This date corresponds to June 24, 1575 of the Julian calendar. (1570s conversion aid in this pdf, or use this converter).
On this day..
- 1884: Field executions during the Bac Le ambush - 2016
- 1718: Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich condemned and fatally knouted - 2015
- 1340: Nicholas Behuchet, Battle of Sluys naval commander - 2014
- 1890: A quadruple hanging in Jim Crow America - 2013
- 1986: Jerome Bowden - 2011
- 1908: Two Persian constitutionalists - 2010
- 2008: Tseng Fu-wen, drug dealer - 2009
- 1953: Dmytro Bilinchuk, Company 67 of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army - 2008
Entry Filed under: 16th Century,Arts and Literature,Capital Punishment,Crucifixion,Death Penalty,Execution,Famous,Gruesome Methods,History,Japan,No Formal Charge,Popular Culture,Power,Public Executions,Soldiers,Summary Executions,Wartime Executions | <urn:uuid:161e9639-ed43-48f9-a9f4-956d6ca39487> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.executedtoday.com/2012/06/24/1575-torii-suneemon-battle-nagashino-castle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00312-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943217 | 871 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Introduction to Marketing Principles
Marketing principles can be defined as a range of processes through which firms get to know the needs and wants of customers. Accordingly, organizations provide services or products with the help of which they satisfy their customers. Main aim of organization is to gain maximum profit and for this aspect, marketing principles are very helpful in providing their customers with the better products or services which attract more and more customers (Yeu. and et.al., 2012). The present report is about McDonald's which is one of the fastest growing Firms as it is mostly focused on understanding their customers and accordingly, it provides products which would satisfy them. It has covered almost all the region in all around the world. In this context, it has 36000 outlets at the global level.
Main aim of this report is to understand skills which are related with the fundamental principles and concepts that underpin the marketing process. In this context, different processes and concepts used in marketing will be covered in this report. Further, it also covers the use of different marketing mix at different contexts. Lastly, it also includes the concept behind targeting, positioning and segmentation.
Various element involved in marketing process
Marketing can be determined as a process through which organizations convey information to the customers regarding their product and services. It is very helpful for the firm as it increases the level of sales and revenue (Jeon and et.al., 2015). In this context, there are mainly four elements involved in it which are product, price, place and promotion. For a firm, it is very important to know these four elements so that they could deliver their products or services effectively. Following are the different types of elements which are involved in marketing processes:
Marketing mix: There are mainly seven elements involved in marketing mix. All the seven elements are very essential for understanding the demand and accordingly, providing products and services to the customers which would satisfy them. In this context, McDonald's should be careful in setting their marketing mix so that they could understand their customers effectively.
Segmentation: It determines target audience to whom firm wants to deliver product or services. In accordance with the case, it is very important for McDonald's to determine their target audience as it would provide proper direction through which they would be able to attract targeted audience (Osman,, Johns and Lugosi, 2014).
Analysis of environment: In order to analysis business environment, there are many tools which are involved and these tools are very helpful for the organization to know drawbacks or areas in which they lack. McDonald's can use tools like SWOT, PESTLE, Porters five forces, etc.
Also Read: Principles & Practice of Marketing Level 5
Costs and benefits of marketing orientation of McDonald's
Market orientation plays a vital role for the organization. It is a type of model which helps organization to deliver products or services according to the needs and requirements of customers. Following are the benefits and costs of market orientation to McDonald's:
Benefit: Marketing orientation has helped McDonald's in many ways like it has helped in understanding the need and wants of customers (Paul and Roy, 2014). Most importantly, it helps in making able to satisfy customers and as a result, there are many loyal customers for McDonald's. Company frequently takes feedbacks so as to understand the requirement of customers and focus on resolving all the drawbacks. It has helped firm in increasing its sales and revenues along with developing goodwill.
Cost: In order to attract customers, company has made different target audience through which they focus on providing different types of offers according to the segmentation. One of the important strategies which is adapted by McDonald's is that, whenever they come up with new product or innovation, they provide different discount offers. This is done just to know whether the product would be accepted by customers or not (Bal and et.al., 2015). When customers get to know and start accepting the new product, then it raises the price of products and services. In order to convey their offers or new products effectively, they make use of different promotional tools like internet, newspapers, television, radio, etc. so as to attract customers.
Micro and Macro factors which affects marketing decisions
Micro and macro environmental factors highly affect the marketing decisions. Micro environment includes those factors which have direct impact over the organization. These factors are necessary to be managed by the organization (Kulkarni, 2012). On the other hand, macro environment includes factors which also affect organization but company can just take appropriate steps to reduce its impact but cannot completely overcome it.
Segmentation criteria for different markets
McDonald's provides variety of products to its customers and the requirements and needs of the customers at different places differ from country to country. There are many countries in which they developed products according to the tastes and eating habits of the customers at particular market (Ayres and Ayres-Brown, 2014). For example in India when they introduced McDonald's, it was not able to attract customers effectively as the product provided by McDonald's was not effective enough. But when they got to know the tastes and preference of the Indian customers, then developed products accordingly and it helped them to attract customers. McPaneer Wrap, McAllo Tikki Burger, Chicken Maharaja Mac, etc. are products delivered by McDonald's and are soled only in India. The cited firm is focusing on introducing Chicken Maharaja Mac at UK. From its name it is clear that it includes chicken, vegetables and most importantly it includes India masalas which makes it spicy combination. In order to introduce it to UK market, managers of McDonald's would focus on psychographic and demographical segmentation (Quek and Ling, 2013). For attracting customers of UK it would sell the product at discount rate and when McDonald's would get to know the positive response, then it would raise its price.
Targeting strategy for Chicken Maharaja Mac
After segmentation of market, McDonald's would focus on selecting appropriate strategies through which they would be able to attract customers and in competing effectively to their competitors. In this context, there are different types of targeting strategies which can be adopted by McDonald's, few of targeting strategies are as follows:
Differentiated strategy: According to this strategy, firm would focus on different market at a time. In this it has to know all the favourable factors which would help the product to attract customers effectively (Puzakova, Kwak and Bell, 2015).
Undifferentiated strategy: According to this strategy organization would focus on only one market. They would be able to focus on one market and it would be easy of the firm to know the taste and preference easily.
Concentrated strategy: This strategy would be helpful for the organization to know advantages of adopting the product in the cited market.
According to the above given strategies McDonald's should use undifferentiated strategy as Chicken Maharaja Mac is totally new for the market and through this strategy they would be able to know the impact or the likeliness towards the product. If the response of the product would be positive, then they would be able expand their product to other market as well (Gerhardt, Hazen and Lewis, 2014). In this context, they would be able to focus on particular target audience of the market and can also make change in the product according to the preferences of the customers of UK.
Impact of buying behaviour on marketing activities in different buying situations
Customers behaviour towards the product would be favourable if the firm uses promotional tools effectively. Tools like television, internet, newspapers, etc. (Ghobadian and O’Regan, 2014) should be made used. It should be used in such a way that it creates curiosity among customers and to try it. It is very essential for the firm to understand customer’s tastes. Word of mouth and advertisements play an important role in buying behaviour of customers. If the taste and preference of the customers would be positive, then it would affect the buying behaviour of customer's. They would tent to buy it and taste it at least once. Further, they should provide their customers with additional services (Bernhardt and et.al., 2015). As Coco cola has tie up with McDonald's, Coke should be provided with this product so that customers could be attracted.
Further, McDonald's can use different pricing strategies through which they would be able to attract more and more customers. In this context, they should keep the price of the product low at the starting and when customers get positive response from the customers, then they should increase the price.
New positioning for Chicken Maharaja Mac
Positioning is a process through which firm focus in developing a good image of the product among the mind of customers. It is very essential for the organization to develop good image among the mind of the customers. Through his they would be able to increases the sales for Chicken Maharaja Mac. For positioning it is very important for the business to get positioned then product should be positioned (Teeple, 2016). In the context of McDonald's, this firm has its positioning done. In relation to this, they should focus to position their product at one direction. As the product is new to UK market so they should not focus their positioning at different direction. They should first try to get the response and if they get positive response, then they should position it to other direction as well. There are many competitors for McDonald's who also focus on positioning their product. McDonald's should try to develop different type of positional strategies through which they would be able to compete effectively and could attract more and more customers.
Advertisement is one of the best source through which they would be able to position their product effectively (Lesser and et.al. 2013). Firm should thing of innovative through which they would be able to increase the sales and could position the product effectively. In addition to this, McDonald's can make use of social media with the help of which they would be able to convey information effectively and efficiently.
Ways to develop product to sustain competitive advantage
In the modern world, competition is increasing rapidly. Firms adopt different types of strategies in order to be better form their competitors. McDonald's can use different types of strategies so as to sustain competitive advantage. Use of technology plays vital role in sustaining competitive advantage (Chang, 2015). As use of improved technology helps in providing customers better services. McDonald's can use following points to sustain competitive advantage:
Gaining competitive advantage through cost: Providing the product to customers at low price is the best way to attract customers. If the product is delivered to customers at a price which would be less than its competitors, then it can sustain competitive advantage. In order to reduce the price, firm should select suppliers who would provide their material at low cost. They should also make use of new technology so that they would be able to spend less on developing the product (Gerhardt and et.al., 2015). Through which way firm would be able to reduce the prices and could sustain competitive advantage.
Gaining competitive advantage through product differentiation: As it was discussed able, Chicken Maharaja Mac is only provided in India so it is a unique product, thus it would get product differentiation. As the product is unique there are high chances of product to be accepted by market of UK. They should closely observe the customer's behavior towards the product and accordingly they should make changes so that this way they would be able to attract more and more customers and in sustaining competitive advantage.
Distribution to provide customers convenience
For providing convenience to the customers it is very important for the firm to distribute the product in such a way that they could make it available to customers easily. In this context, they can deliver their product to all the outlet of London. As the product is new for the market so it is type of risk which McDonald's is going to take (McDonald's, 2015). In respect to this, organization should make available on in London region so that they get to know the response of the customer in that particular region. When the response of the customers of London would be positive, then they would be able to provide their product to other region of UK as well. There are different types of distribution channel which could be used by McDonald's, which are as follows:
Intensive distribution: According to this distribution, firm would make at all the outlets of the country so that customers would get to know about the product and they could experience it easily (Osman, Johns and Lugosi, 2014). This is type of risk which firm would take, as the product is new to the market and there are chances of both acceptance and rejection of the product.
Selective distribution: In this distribution strategy, firm would be selective and provide their product to few outlets. Through this way they would get to know the response of the customers.
Among the two strategies, McDonald's should use selective distribution as providing the product all the outlet would be a risk and there are chances that the firm may incur losses (Paul and Roy, 2014). Thu, it should select selective distribution as through this they would get to know the response of the customers and accordingly they would be able to provide their services.
Pricing for reflecting the organizational objectives
Pricing plays vital role in attracting customers. As customers prefer to get high quality product or services at low prices. In accordance with the new product that is Chicken Maharaja Mac should be sold at an affordable price as firm should get to know the impact over the product (Bal and et.al., 2015). There are different types of pricing strategies which can be adopted by McDonald's. Following are the few strategies for pricing which could be adopted by McDonald's:
Skimming method: According to this strategy, firm would keep the price of the product high at the initial stage.
Penetration pricing: In this pricing method, price of the new product is kept low at the initial stage. This is the best strategy which could be adopted as the product is new and the demand for the product is unknown and through this strategy at the initial stage they would be able to know the demand of the product (Kulkarni, 2012). If the response of the customers would be positive towards the product, then organization could increase the price.
Competitive pricing: According to this pricing strategy, the price of the product would be determined according to the prices kept by competitors. It is very essential for the organization to conduct market survey to know the pricing adopted by competitors and accordingly firm would determine its price (Kajanus and et.al., 2012).
Among these pricing strategies McDonald's should select penetration pricing in which they would keep the price of the product low at the initial stage and slowly it would increase the price. This would be the best strategy for McDonald's which should be adopted.
Promotional activity in achieving marketing objectives
Promotional activities plays important role in attracting customers and convey information regarding the product. There are many promotional tools which can be adopted by McDonald's so as to attract customers (Quek and Ling, 2013). Following are the ways which can be adopted by McDonald's:
Through television and newspapers: Both television and newspapers are the best source through which McDonald's could promote Chicken Maharaja Mac in UK. As these are the most commonly use tools and this is one of the easiest way through which promotion could be done. Firm has to develop attractive tag line and attractive advertisement so that they would be able to develop curiosity among customers and they could increase the sales (Puzakova, Kwak and Bell, 2015).
Through online promotion: In today's world, use if internet is growing rapidly. This is the cheapest source through which firm can promote their product. In this context, there are many social media in which they can provide their advertisement and attract customers. Social media like Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc. are very effective social sites through which information could be provided.
Additional element of marketing mix
Additional element of marketing mix is physical evidence, people and process. All three are very important for the organization and they should take special focus on their areas as well.
Process: It is the process through which the product is delivered to the customers. The firm should be very careful in selecting the suppliers and selecting the various sources through which they would be able to deliver their product to their customers easily (Gerhardt, Hazen and Lewis, 2014).
People: This is related to the employees who provide product to their customers. In this context, it is very essentials for McDonald have to understand their employees and accordingly they should be provided with things which would satisfy them (Marketing Mix, 2013). In addition to this, it is also important for the organization to provide them with training after monitoring each employee and understanding the areas and accordingly they should be trained.
Physical evidence: According this, healthy and clean environment should be provided to the customers so that they could attract customers effectively.
Marketing plan for two different segmentation
As it was discussed above, there would be two segments on the basis of which marketing planning would be developed which are as follows:
Demographic segmentation: In this context, all the four element of marketing mix would be taken into consideration which is as follows:
- Product: In order to provide Chicken Maharaja Mac in UK, it is done only after conducting research on the market and by understanding the needs and requirement of the customers.
- Price: For pricing, penetration pricing strategy would be kept, that means the price at the initial stage would be low (Bernhardt and et.al., 2015).
- Place: The product would be distributed at outlets at London only, that is selective distribution would be followed. This would help in knowing the demand of the product.
- Promotion: for promoting the product, newspapers, television and internet would be used.
- Psychographic Segmentation: Similarly marketing mix would be used, which are as follows:
- Product: As the product is new to the market, the customers would prefer it.
- Price: In this, the price would be kept same. It would not be changes.
- Place: It would be distributed only at the outlets of London.
- Promotion: Similarly like demographic segmentation advertisement would be done through newspapers, television and internet.
Difference between product and service
Following are the difference between product and services:
- Both are totally different form each other. When a product is sold to customer, then they could actually see it, taste it and could know the presence. On the other hand, service can only be felt it cannot be touched or cannot be seen.
- McDonald's focus on providing developing relationship with the customers and for this they focus on providing understanding their customers’ needs and wants and also provide them services which would satisfy them (Lesser and et.al., 2013). Understanding customers’ needs would be helpful in attracting customers and it would be helpful for the firm to grow.
Difference between international marketing and domestic marketing
Following are the difference between international and domestic marketing:
- Domestic marketing can be determined as the transfer of products and services to same country. On the other hand, international marketing is transfer of products and services to different countries.
- In order to transfer products and services to same country not documents are required in domestic marketing but in international marketing documents are very essential for the transfer of products and services to other countries (Chang, 2015).
- For paying the expense incurred in transfer of products and services are played through direct cash, through cheques and through developing direct deposits. On the other hand in international marketing, payment for transfer of products and services to different countries are done through letter of credit only (Gerhardt and et.al., 2015).
From this report, it can be articulated that there are seven elements involved in marketing mix and all the seven elements should be taken into consideration. When new product or services are developed, firms should make use of marketing mix. In addition to this, segmentation is very important as it provides the firm direction through which they get to achieve their goals and objectives. There are many types of pricing strategies among which firm should use market penetration method when they develop new product. Further, market research plays important role in understanding the needs and wants of the customers. Accordingly, they should provide products or services which would help to satisfy them.
- Osman, H., Johns, N. and Lugosi, P., 2014. Commercial hospitality in destination experiences: McDonald's and tourists' consumption of space. Tourism Management.
- Paul, R. and Roy, S.K., 2014. Case Study 11: Marketing of Services: The McDonald’s Way. In Marketing Cases from Emerging Markets (pp. 99-112). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
- Bal, A. and et.al., 2015. I’M Lovin’it: The Salience of Mcdonald’s Logo, Slogans and Colors on Children. In Ideas in Marketing: Finding the New and Polishing the Old (pp. 601-601). Springer International Publishing.
- Kulkarni, S.S., 2012. McDonald’s ongoing marketing challenge: social perception in India. Online Journal of International Case Analysis. 1(2).
- Kajanus, M. and et.al., 2012. Making use of MCDS methods in SWOT analysis—Lessons learnt in strategic natural resources management. Forest Policy and Economics. | <urn:uuid:92b13873-078c-4c1a-89e4-c5b1908192a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globalassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/marketing/marketing-principles-sample | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.971229 | 4,361 | 2.765625 | 3 |
For our purposes a skew distribution is an asymmetric one: one which has a longer tail towards either higher scores or lower scores rather than two fairly equally long tails. This matters to us for two reasons.
- Distributions of scores from different clients on our measures are rarely symmetrical, and
- Traditional (“parametrical”) statistical methods assume symmetrical (actually generally one specific symmetrical distribution: the Gaussian or “Normal” distribution) and can be quite misleading when applied to skew distributions.
Here is a histogram of a symmetrical distribution.
Here is a histogram of a positively skew distribution.
You can see that the tail of the distribution goes off to the right, to the higher scores. Finally, here is a negatively skew distribution.
Try also #
Online applications #
In due course I hope to have a shiny app to plot histograms of data. | <urn:uuid:04193146-d887-468e-a11b-1283e12610ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.psyctc.org/psyctc/glossary2/skew-skew-distribution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.889147 | 213 | 2.40625 | 2 |
- Open Access
Resistance training to improve type 2 diabetes: working toward a prescription for the future
Nutrition & Metabolism volume 14, Article number: 24 (2017)
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing, and effective strategies to manage and prevent this disease are urgently needed. Resistance training (RT) promotes health benefits through increased skeletal muscle mass and qualitative adaptations, such as enhanced glucose transport and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. In particular, mitochondrial adaptations triggered by RT provide evidence for this type of exercise as a feasible lifestyle recommendation to combat T2D, a disease typically characterized by altered muscle mitochondrial function. Recently, the synergistic and antagonistic effects of combined training and Metformin use have come into question and warrant more in-depth prospective investigations. In the future, clinical intervention studies should elucidate the mechanisms driving RT-mitigated mitochondrial adaptations in muscle and their link to improvements in glycemic control, cholesterol metabolism and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with T2D.
The significance of resistance training for individuals with type 2 diabetes: moving beyond what we already know
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to increase. Within the next 20 years, the number of people affected by this disease is expected to reach almost 600 million worldwide . T2D is accompanied by a host of risk factors including dyslipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease , thus putting a severe burden on our global health care systems. Apart from medication, chronic exercise (i.e. systematic training performed repeatedly) is a proven prevention and treatment strategy for individuals with pre-diabetes and T2D [3–5]. Recent reviews and meta-analyses, including the 2016 joint position statement on physical activity and T2D from the American Diabetes Association , have highlighted the beneficial effects of chronic endurance training (ET), resistance training (RT) and/or combined (ET + RT) interventions for ameliorating insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in individuals with T2D [7, 8]. Chronic ET alone has a well-established role in enhancing insulin sensitivity via glucose uptake and disposal (reviewed in ) and in increasing muscle mitochondrial density and oxidative capacity . A limited number of studies have demonstrated that chronic RT alone enhances glycemic control [11, 12] and muscle substrate metabolism in individuals with T2D , yet the underlying mechanisms inducing these health benefits, particularly those related to muscle mitochondrial function, remain to be elucidated.
The present review focuses on the effects of chronic RT on glycemic control, substrate metabolism and the molecular mechanisms that may influence these adaptations in individuals with T2D. We place a special emphasis on skeletal muscle, the interaction between anti-diabetic medication use and training stimulus, and incorporate adipose tissue as another significant target organ for RT-mediated metabolic adaptations in T2D. Since little is known about the independent effects of chronic RT on mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of individuals with T2D, we identify gaps in the current literature and raise important questions that future RT-focused trials in individuals with T2D will hopefully address. Improving our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning chronic RT-mitigated metabolic adaptions in T2D will move the scientific community (researchers and clinicians alike) beyond what we already know and toward future investigations focused on molecular determinants of the individual training responses in T2D.
Chronic resistance training effects on muscle mass, fiber type and glycemic control
Resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass are not solely responsible for improved muscle substrate metabolism in type 2 diabetes
Skeletal muscle is responsible for ~80% of insulin-mediated glucose uptake in the postprandial state , and uptake is markedly blunted in individuals with T2D . In fact, when compared with lean healthy individuals, skeletal muscle of individuals with T2D exhibits a decreased capacity to oxidize both glucose and fat . Chronic RT increases muscle mass and strength, largely due to induction of muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular remodeling through the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)- Akt - mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (Fig. 1). These gains are typically associated with and often surmised to underlie improvements in muscle substrate (glucose and fat) metabolism even in the absence of direct evidence. Recent reports have shown that in addition to increasing strength , 9 months of RT enhanced oxidation of both fatty acid- and glycolytic-derived substrates in skeletal muscle of individuals with T2D . The 1.4 kg increase in muscle mass observed was interpreted to be the root cause of these metabolic adaptations, yet many other factors such as improvements in insulin signaling could be responsible for the RT-induced improvements in substrate metabolism and glycemic control . At the molecular level, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) II, a critical sensor for intracellular calcium signaling and muscle remodeling, is activated in an exercise intensity-dependent manner. CaMK II phosphorylates transcription factors such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) , which upon phosphorylation are exported from the nucleus leading to activation of transcription factors such as myocyte enhancing factor (MEF) 2 and its target genes [e.g., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), glucose transporter protein 4 (GLUT4), thereby improving glycemic control (Fig. 1). Of note, a recent review assessing the different characteristics of ET, RT and combined training interventions and their associations with glycemic control among individuals with T2D concluded that increasing the number of exercise sessions (by volume and frequency) showed greater benefits than either mode or intensity of the training itself . Unfortunately, data regarding the effects of varied intensities and durations of RT on muscle mass are limited. To this point, when expressed per kilogram of body weight, glucose disposal rates are ~40–45% higher in weightlifters—individuals characterized by large amounts of muscle mass—compared to untrained individuals ; however, when normalized to muscle mass, glucose disposal rates no longer differ between weightlifters and untrained controls. These results underline the importance of understanding that chronic RT can have separate but equally important impacts on skeletal muscle in terms of strength and substrate utilization, and that while increased muscle mass can contribute to enhanced whole-body glucose-disposal rates, it does not necessarily suggest that the exercise regimen altered the inherent capacity of muscle to more effectively metabolize substrate.
Metabolic adaptations within skeletal muscle in response to resistance training: how much does fiber type matter?
Type IIx fibers are described as having a glycolytic phenotype, relying on glucose more than fat as a fuel, and facilitating short-duration anaerobic activities. It has been shown that Type IIx fibers are present in a higher proportion in individuals with T2D . Hyperinsulinemia—a hallmark feature of insulin resistance and T2D—can shift muscle fiber type toward a glycolytic phenotype by increasing Type IIx myosin heavy chain gene expression . Physical inactivity and immobilization have similar effects on fiber type shift . Interestingly, first-degree relatives of individuals with T2D have a ~30% higher proportion of Type IIx fibers than individuals without a family history of T2D. Type IIx fiber content was also negatively associated with glucose disposal rates in these same individuals . Paradoxically, elite strength and speed athletes have a high proportion of Type IIx fibers and are metabolically healthy, yet the high proportion of Type IIx fibers observed in individuals with T2D is concomitant with overall blunted substrate oxidation and appears to be less advantageous for these individuals. It is tempting to speculate that the high number of Type IIx fibers in individuals with T2D could be “trained” to utilize fuel more effectively as observed in strength-based athletes. Four to six weeks of moderate intensity RT (at 40–50% of the one-repetition maximum, 1RM) markedly increased skeletal muscle glucose uptake in non-obese individuals with T2D , which was largely attributed to a shift in fiber type toward Type IIa fibers. Single fiber analysis revealed that Type IIa fibers were the ones with the highest glucose uptake and GLUT4 content among the Type II fiber population [25, 26]. Type IIa fibers also had a higher capillary density and showed a greater insulin response than Type IIx fibers . Although Type IIa fibers exhibited more marked glycogen depletion during an exercise bout and faster glycogen re-synthesis following the exercise bout , it remains to be determined whether altering fiber type distribution benefits individuals with T2D in this respect. It is entirely possible that fiber type composition is irrelevant if the cellular metabolic machinery (e.g., glucose transport, mitochondria, etc.) is dysfunctional. In other words, quantity does not necessarily equal quality. Challenging the idea that switching fiber type confers a metabolic advantage, two independent studies demonstrated that chronic RT-driven improvements in insulin responsiveness and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in individuals with T2D occurred without any changes in fiber type composition [29, 30], a phenomenon routinely observed in healthy individuals . Metabolic adaptations within muscle can therefore occur independently of a change in muscle fiber type composition. It is important to note that direct comparisons of the effects of different durations and intensities of RT on fiber type composition are virtually absent from the literature.
Chronic resistance training and mitochondrial fitness
Resistance training effects on muscle mitochondrial function in individuals with type 2 diabetes: how much do we really know?
Perturbations in mitochondrial oxidative capacity play a major role in the development and progression of insulin resistance and T2D . As few as 3 days of high-fat feeding are sufficient to induce insulin resistance and reduce muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation at the transcriptional level in lean, sedentary individuals . Individuals with T2D have reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity when expressed per unit of muscle mass compared to healthy individuals; however, when mitochondrial oxidative capacity is normalized to markers of mitochondrial content (e.g., mitochondrial DNA copy number, citrate synthase activity), these differences are insignificant [16, 34]. That being said, disrupted mitochondrial morphology and a 35% reduction in mitochondrial size reported in individuals with T2D are indicative of functional impairment .
Aerobic and combined training improve mitochondrial function . Mechanical stress induces activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family of proteins (extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK). Activation of p38 MAPK during contraction stimulates activating transcription factor (ATF) 2 and MEF2, which increase PGC-1α expression and improve mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle (Fig. 1) . Some evidence to support a role for chronic RT in increasing muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity exists in healthy individuals [37–39]; however, similar data in individuals with T2D are limited. RT (alone or in combination with ET) has only recently been recognized as a promising intervention to maintain muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and improve the overall metabolic phenotype of individuals with T2D [13, 41]. Discrepancies in the measured outcomes and the details of the training protocols implemented in RT interventions have made it difficult to ascertain the value of implementing chronic RT to improve muscle mitochondrial function in individuals with T2D.
Twelve weeks of RT (50–75% of 1RM) twice per week failed to alter PGC-1α protein content and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) RNA content in individuals with T2D, indicating that this particular duration and/or intensity was not sufficient to induce changes in key regulatory molecules of mitochondrial biogenesis . As mentioned previously, however, quantity does not necessarily equal quality, and the topic of mitochondrial number vs. function is highly debated. According to the classical view of training adaptations, RT signals through the Akt-mTOR-S6K pathway by which it promotes muscle hypertrophy though myofibrillar protein biosynthesis. ET leads to an activation of adenosine monophosphate activated kinase (AMPK) and subsequent activation of PGC-1α, inducing mitochondrial biogenesis (Fig. 2). On the contrary, a recent study demonstrated two-fold higher mRNA expression levels of PGC-1α, PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in a group that performed RT after ET vs. a group that performed ET alone . This suggests that combined (RT + ET) training amplifies the molecular response to ET alone. Decreased energy charge, or an elevated [AMP]/[ATP] ratio in response to contraction, and subsequent AMPK activation possibly mediates changes towards an improved oxidative phenotype by phosphorylating and activating the transcription factor cAMP-response-element binding protein (CREB), which increases PGC-1α transcriptional activity. Exercise-mediated perturbation of redox potential or the [NAD+]/[NADH] ratio will also promote the deacetylation activity of silent mating-type information regulation (SIRT) 1 and 3, which further potentiate PGC-1α transcriptional activity [45, 46] (Fig. 1). SIRT1 and SIRT3 activity can lead to deacetylation of FOXO1, allowing nuclear translocation and increased expression of PDK4 that triggers a switch from glucose to lipid oxidation. However, FOXO activity (FOXO1 and FOXO3a) in the muscle has also been implicated in increased autophagy and muscle atrophy via increases in atrogin-1 expression. Interestingly, exercise induction of FOXO activity via effects on redox potential may face inhibitory crosstalk from exercise-mediated activation of the Akt-mTOR pathways, as Akt is known to phosphorylate FOXOs and exclude them from the nucleus . The roles of these seemingly competing pathways in promoting mitochondrial function via enhanced lipid metabolism but maintaining muscle mass remain to be examined in the context of exercise interventions.
One interesting theory on how to improve muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity in diabetes is via ‘gene shifting’. A recent report suggests that satellite cell activation following chronic RT leads to incorporation of new mitochondrial DNA into mature muscle cells . This phenomenon, known as ‘gene shifting’, may help normalize mitochondrial oxidative capacity in individuals suffering from impaired mitochondrial function by providing undamaged mitochondrial DNA from which new, functional mitochondrial proteins can be synthesized. In support of this hypothesis, a supervised 14-week RT regimen (three times per week at 50–80% of the 1RM) increased cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, enhanced mitochondrial creatine kinase levels and decreased oxidative DNA damage in elderly men and women . These findings suggest that chronic RT up-regulates selected components of the mitochondrial electron transport system which may convey many of the beneficial effects of this exercise modality .
Collectively, these findings suggest that chronic RT is capable of inducing muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and enhancing downstream oxidative capacity. In addition to biogenesis, mitochondria also undergo remodeling (i.e., fusion and fission) to enhance and/or preserve function. RT can act as a trigger to induce mitochondrial fission, followed by recovery-induced fusion and mitochondrial biogenesis. These RT-triggered processes may act as natural selection at the level of the mitochondrion (mito-checkpoint) and eliminate disadvantageous mitochondria, thereby driving adaptive selection of advantageous phenotypic variations . This concept adds another dimension to the current understanding of chronic RT-mitigated improvements in muscle mitochondrial health.
Resistance training-induced oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: is defense the best offense?
T2D is characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission which presumably leads to oxidative stress in different tissues [52, 53]. There are at least 11 sites in muscle mitochondria capable of producing ROS and their rates under different (patho)physiological conditions still need to be determined . Recent estimations assessing ex vivo mitochondrial superoxide/H2O2 production in conditions mimicking physiological states have reported that 0.35% of oxygen consumed at rest is diverted to ROS production, and that this proportion is reduced to 0.03–0.01% during exercise . Given that mitochondria superoxide/H2O2 production is likely to decrease during moderate exercise, it is important to also consider other cellular reactions and sites as significant mediators of ROS production. Both ET and RT increase oxidant production, which can lead to oxidative stress [56, 57]. ROS can activate c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling as evidenced by a recent report demonstrating that infusion of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reduced JNK signaling during aerobic exercise training (Fig. 1). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with a variety of metabolic effects across different organs and its secretion during contraction is JNK-dependent , emphasizing the importance of JNK signaling and ROS-mediated JNK activation in facilitating metabolic adaptations to aerobic exercise training . In a comparative study assessing the effects of exhaustive ET vs. RT on ROS production, both training modalities increased oxidative stress; however, lipids were affected by peroxidation only during RT, and proteins were oxidized and formed carbonyls during ET . Training frequency also impacts ROS production and oxidative stress. While a single RT session was sufficient to induce oxidative damage in untrained men , 6 months of RT (three times per week at 50–80% of the 1RM) induced whole-body adaptations resulting in decreased training-induced oxidative stress and homocysteine levels . Data on RT-mediated oxidative stress are sparse in individuals with T2D. A recent study reported that 12 months of supervised ET, RT and flexibility training equally reduced oxidative stress in men with T2D .
In addition to promoting acute ROS formation , aerobic exercise training generally improves muscle antioxidant defense mechanisms . Interestingly, mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production is important for muscle differentiation in vitro, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant treatment with MitoQ and MitoTEMPOL, as well as mitochondria-targeted catalase, blocks this effect . As such, acute ROS formation during RT may also have beneficial effects on muscle differentiation in vivo. Indeed, mitochondrial ROS generation might be involved in initiating mitochondrial biogenesis . Transient ROS “build-up” has been suggested to prime the cellular redox system, which culminates in an improved handling of subsequent pro-oxidant environments. Oxidative stress must therefore be considered in connection with radical scavenging activities and cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. A 12-week RT intervention (twice per week at 50–75% of the 1RM) not only reduced oxidative stress, but also significantly increased cytosolic and mitochondrial antioxidant proteins [superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1), peroxiredoxin isoform 5 (PRDX5), heat-shock-protein-70 (HSP70)] in muscle of individuals with T2D .
Chronic RT effects on ROS production in human muscle are relatively unexplored. Due to the absence of reliable techniques to precisely measure ROS production in vivo, fundamental questions regarding the sources of ROS and the effects of training modalities on ROS signaling remain unanswered. As such, more studies are required to elucidate how ROS affects the hypertrophic and adaptive responses of human muscle to chronic RT, especially in T2D. Unraveling these pathways could lead to a better understanding of the potential therapeutic role of antioxidant supplements in treating metabolic impairments. Furthermore, it is important to consider the interaction of medication or supplement use with the antioxidant defense system (Fig. 2). A recent review explored the novel hypothesis that attenuation of oxidative stress from exercise training by these exogenous compounds blunts beneficial metabolic adaptations .
Chronic resistance training and medication use
Metformin and exercise training in diabetes: the good, the bad and the unknown
In recent years, the combined effects of metformin treatment and training regimens on metabolic outcomes have gained attention, the majority of these studies conducted in healthy and/or pre-diabetic populations [69–73] (Fig. 2). Metformin is the most widely prescribed first-line oral anti-diabetic drug recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). The exact molecular mechanism of action underlying this drug’s physiological benefits remains mysterious, although it is often prescribed together with a regular exercise training program as part of a lifestyle intervention. Metformin is known to have pleiotropic effects and multiple potential target pathways. One possible site of metformin action is inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory system complex I, increasing the [AMP]/[ATP] ratio (much like muscle contraction does) and activating AMPK. AMPK phosphorylation of multiple downstream effectors can divert cellular metabolism towards restoration of energy homeostasis , thereby improving insulin sensitivity (Fig. 2). ET-mediated increases in insulin sensitivity also act in part through AMPK activation , suggesting that exercise training and metformin could have additive effects. In support, a recent randomized, controlled chronic exercise training (ET, RT, ET + RT) intervention (22 weeks) in individuals with T2D demonstrated that compared with controls, ET led to a significant reduction in HbA1c in metformin users (-0.57%) but not in untreated individuals (-0.17%). However, metformin did not have any effect on improvements in indicators of aerobic fitness, strength, body weight or waist circumference . Importantly, this effect was only observed with ET and ET + RT. The RT only group did not achieve significant reductions in HbA1c (with or without metformin) compared with the control group.
Alternatively, metformin was also documented to have opposing effects on fat oxidation during and following a single bout of ET in healthy individuals , and a recent report demonstrated that metformin blunted the full effect of 12 weeks of combined ET + RT on insulin sensitivity by 25–30% in glucose intolerant individuals . This same investigation demonstrated that metformin use blunted some of the beneficial effects of the combined training related to a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk such as systolic blood pressure or high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) . These findings conflict with an earlier investigation in insulin-resistant individuals in which two to three weeks of metformin treatment blunted the effects of a single bout of ET on insulin sensitivity . The above studies suggest some positive and negative interactions between metformin use and adaptations to both single and repeated bouts of ET and combined ET + RT on glycemic control. Taken together, these data suggest that when exercise training is implemented in a population of current metformin users, which is commonplace in a clinical setting, it is important to consider how use of this medication may affect an individual’s training response in terms of glycemic control.
Biguanides such as metformin have also been recently identified as a new class of mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD) and ATP synthase inhibitors . Inhibition of ATP synthase may affect energetics in skeletal muscle and recovery of energy charge during exercise. Inhibition of mGPD by metformin leading to decreased cytosolic [NAD+]/[NADH] may alter activity of SIRT1, decreasing deacetylation of PGC-1α and reversing potential positive impact of exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis. Also relevant is the recent finding that metformin’s effect as a cancer therapeutic is partially mediated by inhibition of mTOR, raising the question of whether metformin may influence the positive effects of Akt-mTOR pathway activation on muscle mass . It remains to be determined how a chronic RT regimen would impact individuals with T2D currently taking metformin and other anti-diabetic drugs (Fig. 2). More research on the detailed effects of metformin on adaptations to ET and RT, especially in the context of varying intensities and duration, is warranted. Furthermore, the significance of metformin effects directly in the muscle at prescribed doses requires attention, as it is thought that metformin primarily targets liver metabolism. It is possible that metformin-mediated amelioration of whole-body glucose homeostasis via inhibition of uncontrolled liver gluconeogenesis may be enough to restore muscle insulin sensitivity and therefore promote beneficial effects of exercise training in the muscle. Based on current evidence, we speculate that in the muscle, anti-diabetic drugs such as metformin – due to inhibition of complex I of the electron transport system and subsequent AMPK activation – may interfere with adaptations to ET to a greater extent than RT, which recruits a different signaling cascade than AMPK. This could possibly establish RT as a reasonable training modality for a cohort taking metformin, particularly those individuals with T2D.
Chronic resistance training and adipose tissue
Adipose tissue is an important (and understudied) target organ of resistance training in diabetes
Studies of exercise training, chronic RT in particular, on white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling in humans are sparse. WAT secretes two major pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D , and circulating levels of both IL-6 and TNF-α are inversely related to glycemic control and insulin sensitivity . Modulation of low-grade inflammation by 12 weeks of ET (40 minutes at 60–80% of the maximal heart rate) and RT (three times per week at 60–80% of the 1RM) was investigated in obese individuals with T2D. Although ET was more effective in reducing adipocytokines in response to the chronic training, RT also significantly reduced circulating levels of TNF-α and IL-6 . RT for 16 weeks (three times per week at 60–85% of the 1RM) in obese adolescents significantly reduced IL-6 and TNF-α plasma levels, and changes in muscle strength were directly related to changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines . These data suggest that chronic RT induces a signaling pathway that alleviates systemic inflammation. In another study, 12 weeks of supervised RT (3 days per week) in individuals with T2D decreased plasma levels of hs-CRP, a non-specific marker of inflammation, and increased the beneficial adipokine Visfatin . According to some studies [85, 86] excess post-exercise oxygen consumption is higher after RT than after ET. This phase is characterized by utilization of fat as a fuel, which could benefit weight loss . Although data are limited, collectively, these studies highlight the systemic anti-inflammatory effects of RT (presumably via WAT) and the potential of chronic RT to improve body composition and alleviate chronic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity and T2D. How chronic RT affects WAT function (e.g., fibrosis, angiogenesis, browning, etc.) and signaling pathways within the organ itself are areas of research that require greater attention and could shed light on exercise training targets that elicit a positive metabolic response in individuals with T2D.
Future directions – toward personalized medicine?
Due to the large inherent variability of responses to the same RT program, general recommendations are less than ideal. The future of T2D research is moving in the direction of personalized medicine. Current research in this area continues to discover signaling pathways that differ even amongst the most homogenous groups of individuals, and these differences ultimately lead to variations in their physiological responses to medications and treatments. It is imperative that we exploit these inter-individual responses following exercise training interventions in individuals with T2D to maximize each person’s beneficial adaptation to a training program. A clear distinction of the different types of RT will be necessary for the implementation of exercise training as a feasible lifestyle modification in light of current and future progression toward personalized medicine. Different RT programs (with varying intensities) will lead to diverse results and metabolic outcomes, and this cause-effect relationship must be clearly established for RT in order to maximize the benefits for individuals with T2D. In this effort, more research comparing supervised ET interventions with RT interventions of varying intensities, durations and volumes including long-term training studies using different modes of periodization, is required. This will further elucidate exercise-mediated effects on whole-body metabolism and muscle mitochondrial function, specifically in individuals with T2D. In addition, the effects of RT on other major target organs, such as WAT, require deeper investigation.
Another question to be addressed is whether the underlying mechanisms by which chronic RT improves muscle glucose regulation are the same as those utilized by chronic ET. It is necessary to determine which pathways are recruited by each type of exercise training, once again due to the possibility that one training method may impart greater benefit to certain individuals than to others as a result of their genetic makeup, physiology, and current medication use. Differences in sex, age and ethnicity likely contribute to the distinct outcomes of several studies looking at the metabolic effects of endurance and resistance training, even when the exercise protocol itself remains the same. While some studies report beneficial effects of RT on diverse metabolic parameters [19, 88, 89], others do not [90, 91]. It is therefore critical to report the training load, duration and relative intensity when comparing different groups of individuals. Addressing why discrepancies exist in outcomes from studies where individuals trained at similar intensities and duration may hold the key to effectively incorporate exercise training in the treatment of metabolic disease on a personalized level.
RT is a promising strategy to promote overall metabolic health in individuals with T2D via improvements in muscle mitochondrial performance and increases in muscle mass that may positively impact insulin responsiveness and glucose control. Multifactorial events contribute to the beneficial adaptations elicited by chronic RT (Fig. 1). A consistent regimen of RT at moderate intensity elicits the most beneficial metabolic responses—in terms of HbA1c and insulin sensitivity—in individuals with T2D. Current exercise recommendations should ideally be a synthesis of gains in muscle mass (higher intensity RT) and mitochondrial oxidative capacity (lower intensity RT or ET), as well as aim to reduce circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (targeting WAT), in order to fully exploit the salutary effects of training on overall metabolic health. This can most efficiently be achieved by utilizing combined (RT and ET) training regimes. Another important consideration for current diabetes treatment guidelines is the use of metformin in combination with exercise training as the question of synergism vs. antagonism remains unanswered (Fig. 2). Combinations of lifestyle interventions (e.g., such as medication use, caloric restriction and weight loss) may offer additional benefits and additive effects to a RT regime.
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We want to thank Dr. Varman Samuel for insightful discussions.
This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), project no. J 3267 and American Diabetes Association Junior Faculty Award (#7-13-JF-53).
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Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
DHP conceptualized and wrote the manuscript and designed the figures. RLSG and AKM wrote the manuscript and gave input to the figures. BS, AKM and LMS wrote and proofread the manuscript and gave input to the figures. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Pesta, D.H., Goncalves, R.L.S., Madiraju, A.K. et al. Resistance training to improve type 2 diabetes: working toward a prescription for the future. Nutr Metab (Lond) 14, 24 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-017-0173-7
- Resistance training
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Risk factors for pre-term birth in Iraq: a case-control study
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth volume 6, Article number: 13 (2006)
Preterm birth (PTB)is a major clinical problem associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity. The aim of the present study is to identify risk factors associated with PTB in Mosul, Iraq.
A case-control study was conducted in Mosul, Iraq, from 1st September, 2003 to 28th February, 2004.
A total of 200 cases of PTB and 200 controls of full-term births were screened and enrolled in the study. Forward logistic regression analysis was used in the analysis. Several significant risk associations between PTB and the following risk factors were identified: poor diet (OR = 4.33), heavy manual work (OR = 1.70), caring for domestic animals (OR = 5.06), urinary tract infection (OR = 2.85), anxiety (OR = 2.16), cervical incompetence (OR = 4.74), multiple pregnancies (OR = 7.51), direct trauma to abdomen (OR = 3.76) and abortion (OR = 6.36).
The main determinants of PTB in Iraq were low socio-economic status and factors associated with it, such as heavy manual work and caring for domestic animals, in addition to urinary tract infections and poor obstetric history.
Pre-term birth (PTB) is a major determinant of neonatal mortality, morbidity and childhood disability and remains one of the most serious problems in obstetrics. PTB is defined as gestational age at birth of less than 37 completed gestational weeks. It is further classified into three main categories: mild, very pre-term and extremely pre-term for births occurring at 32–36 weeks, 28–31 weeks and less than 28 weeks respectively, with average frequencies of 85%, 10% and 5%, respectively [1–3]. Despite major preventive efforts, the incidence of PTB has remained constant at about 5–10% of live births in most countries over the past two decades [4–6].
In 75% of PTB cases no obvious causes have been established, but several etiological risk factors have been identified. Non-obstetric risk factors include: poor socio-economic status [7, 8], maternal malnutrition [9, 10], illiteracy [10, 11], maternal age of <20 and >35 years [11, 12], heavy manual work , cigarette smoking , long distance travel , and trauma . Obstetric risk factors associated with PTB include: cervical incompetence, multiple gestations, short birth intervals, abortion, pre-labor premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) and previous PTB [9, 12, 13, 15, 17–19].
The aim of this study is to identify local risk factors that could be targeted to reduce the risk of PTB in Iraq.
The study was conducted in Mosul, the second largest city in Iraq and the center of the Nineveh regional government district with a population of about 2,700,000. During the six-month period from 1 September 2003 to 28 February 2004 cases and controls were selected from the three main maternity hospitals in Mosul. To ensure that all available cases admitted to the three hospitals during the study period were enrolled, study staff visited the hospitals on a weekly schedule.
A case-control study design was used. Cases were defined as pregnant women with a live PTB (29–<37 weeks) by vaginal delivery or caesarean section. Controls were defined as pregnant women admitted to the same hospitals with a full-term live birth (≥37 weeks) by vaginal delivery or caesarean section. In general, pre-term cases were diagnosed in advance by the resident specialist. All eligible cases present during the study hospital visits were approached in the postpartum recovery room following the birth. A total of 217 cases were selected and 200 of them agreed to participate in the study. Each case was assigned a control, a woman in the nearest adjacent bed to the case participant who met the selection criteria. All subjects approached agreed to participate in the study.
All cases and controls were interviewed face-to-face using a specially designed questionnaire. In addition to general background information, respondents were asked questions about suspected risk factors. Socio-economic status was scored according to the presence or absence of a private car (scored as 1 or 0) and the number of electric appliances in the household (up to 2 = 1, 3 to 5 = 2, 6 or more = 3). Living quarters were categorized as adequate and inadequate, the latter consisting of tents, mud huts and/or in partially built houses with no water or electricity supply. An overall socio-economic status score was calculated for each subject; a score of 2 or less indicated low socioeconomic status and a score of 3 or more was defined as moderate to high socioeconomic status.
Information was also collected on the frequency of meat consumption; occasionally (once a week or less), frequently, or regularly (twice a week or more). Information about suspected risk factors for the present pregnancy and past obstetric history were obtained from the patient and/or from the clinical case record as applicable. The diagnosis of cervical incompetence was taken from clinical case notes (defined as dilatation of the cervix 2 cm or more in the first trimester by US examination).
The patient was asked about the diagnosis and treatment of four conditions during pregnancy: diabetes, typhoid fever, urinary tract infections and genital tract infections.
Finally, emotional disturbances occurring during pregnancy were assessed by two questions assessing severe fright and anxiety. Severe fright was defined as hearing unexpected bad news and/or experiencing military actions. Anxiety was assessed using a scale adopted by the American Psychiatric Association . This includes a list of six questions regarding stressful life events including: restlessness, easy fatigability, muscular tension, sleep disturbances, irritability and difficulties concentrating. The presence of anxiety was established when the score was positive for ≥50% of the six questions.
Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for the OR were calculated. The p value was based on the value of Z; a p value > 0.05 was not significant (NS). The dependent variable of the logistic regression was the presence or absence of PTB. A stepwise forward logistic regression was used. All variables were included in the initial analysis; the variable with the strongest association was estimated first, followed by all significant variables.
A total of 200 cases and 200 controls were included in the study. Table 1 shows the age distribution of the study population. A high-risk association was observed between PTB and pregnancy at young ages = 19 years, with an OR = 4.90.
Table 2 reveals the socio-economic background of the study population. Almost all study subjects were housewives. A significant risk association was present between PTB and occasional meat consumption (OR = 3.26), heavy manual work (OR = 2.80), low socio-economic status (OR = 2.60), illiteracy (OR = 2.67) and caring for domestic animals (OR = 4.93).
The associations between PTB and other suspected risk factors are presented in Table 3. Among the risk variables of the current pregnancy and past obstetric history, those showing a significant risk association with PTB were cervical incompetence (OR = 3.11), multiple pregnancy (OR = 6.89), previous PTB (OR = 35.12), and direct trauma to the abdomen (OR = 3.86). Table 3 also illustrates a positive risk association between PTB and urinary tract infection (OR = 2.78), anxiety (OR = 1.80), more frequent antenatal visits due to pregnancy complications (OR = 2.04) and typhoid fever (OR = 2.40). The latter, however, does not reach statistical significance.
Finally, a forward logistic regression model for the occurrence of PTB is presented in Table 4. Almost all risk factors found to be significantly associated with PTB remained significant in this analysis, except for age, socio-economic status, education and previous PTB.
A case-control study design was conducted in which the response rate for the cases was 93% and for the controls 100%. Cases that declined to participate in the study cited fatigue as the reason. Recall bias is certainly one of the major limitations of a case-control study. This, however, is thought to be relatively moderate since the factors being assessed were related to pregnancy, which many women recall vividly. This assumption is reinforced by the fact that mothers were interviewed very soon after birth and after a thorough explanation of the study's aims. Efforts were also made to establish rapport between investigators and the study population.
PTB is one of the most common obstetric problems, and pre-term neonates are more likely to die than full-term infants. Furthermore, those who survive run a greater risk of disability [1, 2]. In the crude analysis a significant risk association was found between PTB and women who conceived at younger but not at older ages. Age, however, became insignificant in the regression analysis when controlling for other variables. Contradicting results have been observed in other studies between the age of the mother at conception and PTB [11, 23]. No significant association was observed between PTB and parity. Some cross-sectional analyses have reported an association with high parity, while others showed no effect of parity on the occurrence of PTB .
Frequency of meat consumption was used as an indicator of the woman's nutritional status and the study found that occasional as opposed to frequent meat consumption was significantly associated with PTB. Meat is expensive in Iraq and only higher-income families can afford frequent consumption. Meat is also considered to be an essential source of iron, and iron deficiency anemia has been regarded as a risk factor for PTB . In Iraq such anemia is frequent among women and may be directly linked to lack of meat consumption . Moreover high-risk pregnancies in Mosul have been significantly more prevalent among malnourished women .
Poor socio-economic background and illiteracy were also both found to be significantly associated with PTB. Similarly, significant associations were observed between PTB and heavy manual work and caring for domestic animals. All these conditions are interrelated and are proxies for low socio-economic status. This might explain why some of these factors became insignificant predictors of PTB in the forward logistic regression analysis. Similar results have been reported elsewhere. Other studies have also found that limiting the amount of work done by pregnant women and avoiding fatigue helps reduce the risk of PTB [8–10, 13, 15]. The study also revealed significant risk associations between the presence of cervical incompetence, multiple pregnancies and previous PTB. This, too, is in accordance with other studies [9, 12, 13, 17]. Accidental hemorrhage has also been suspected as a risk factor . In the present study, an OR of 2.31 for hemorrhage was found but was not significant. This might be due to the small number of cases detected.
Urinary tract infections were found to be a significant risk factor for PTB in this study, which reflects findings in some other studies . No association, however, was observed between PTB and genital tract infection. Other studies are inconclusive. Although similarly negative associations have been reported, some other studies have found a positive association, particularly with trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis and mycoplasmal infections [21, 29]. The failure in this study to find a positive association might be due to the study design. The incidence of these infections was determined by clinical case histories only and no direct laboratory results were available to the authors. It is possible that women may confuse the two infections or may be more prone to report urinary rather that genital infections.
The study also investigated the possible association of PTB with histories of other medical diseases. Only two cases of diabetes were observed among cases and one among controls. Typhoid fever (OR = 2.40) is relatively common in Mosul and patients usually correctly recall its history and treatment. The association between PTB and typhoid fever should be further investigated and documented by laboratory tests. Similar results elsewhere also associated maternal pyrexial illnesses with PTB .
Other studies have revealed controversial results for an association between smoking and PTB . In this study too few smokers were observed to draw a valid conclusion. Due to social sitgma women in Iraq have been reluctant to state their smoking habits , so it is possible that the presence of smokers in this study has been undereported. With regard to long distance travel, our findings agree with Schoeman et al in that it does not present a significant risk of PTB. Other studies, however, have found a significant association . Direct trauma to the abdomen was reported by 45 cases and 14 controls and the association was significant, reflecting the findings of other studies [11, 12].
Not surprisingly, the study found that cases had undergone a greater number of antenatal care visits than had the controls, mainly for pregnancy complications. The coverage of antenatal care is very low in Iraq, about 30%, and antenatal visits are mainly made for high-risk pregnancies. The findings of this study support the view that women diagnosed with problems that may lead to PTB are more prone to use antenatal care services than others.
Stress, anxiety and other psychological disturbances have been suspected as risk factors for PTB [7, 15, 23]. It is a common belief in Iraqi communities that PTB is associated with anxiety and severe fright, and in the last two years stressful life events have increased in this country. The study confirmed a significant association between anxiety and PTB. It has been claimed that stress and anxiety increases corticotrophin-releasing hormones and may ultimately result in increased uterine contractility. Stress also increases cytokine production, which may independently lead to PTB or increase susceptibility to infection and subsequent PTB .
Many of the suspected risk factors listed above are interrelated with each other and probably with some other co-factors. Nevertheless, the majority of significant associations observed in the study remained so after conducting a forward logistic regression analysis.
Mosul, in common with other parts of Iraq, has been affected by war and sanctions, and pregnant women are a particularly vulnerable group. They face the consequences of poor nutrition and even malnutrition, low socio-economic standards, infections and exposure to stress and anxiety. All these risk factors, which have been found to be associated with PTB, are modifiable. They should be taken into consideration in the planning of a preventive program to decrease PTB and its sequela for mortality and morbidity among infants in Iraq.
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Moutquin JM: Socio-economic and psychological factors in the management and prevention of preterm labor. BJOG. 2003, 110 (supp 20): 56-60.
El-Kady D, Gilbert WM, Anderson J, Danielsen B, Towner D, Smith LH: Trauma during pregnancy, an analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes in a large population. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004, 190 (6): 1661-1668. 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.02.051.
Kurdi AM, Mesleh RA, Al-Hakeem MM, Khashoggi TY, Khalifa HM: Multiple pregnancy and preterm birth. Saudi Med J. 2004, 25 (5): 632-637.
Althuisius SM, Dekker GA: Controversies regarding cervical incompetence, short cervix and the need for cerclage. Clin Perinatol. 2004, 31 (4): 695-720. 10.1016/j.clp.2004.06.009.
Nguyen N, Savitz DA, Thorp JM: Risk factors for preterm birth in Vietnam. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2004, 86 (l): 70-78. 10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.04.003.
Wright SP, Mitchell EA, Thompson JM, Clements MS, Ford RP, Stewart AW: Risk factors for preterm birth: a New Zealand study. N Z Med J. 1998, 111 (1058): 14-6.
Brown D: Clinical variability of bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis. J Reprod Med. 2004, 49 (10): 781-786.
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 2000, Washington DC, 211-Text revision, (DSM-IV-TR), 4
da Silva AA, Simoes VM, Barbieri MA, Bettiol H, Lamy-Filho F, Coimbra LC, Alves MT: Young maternal age and preterm birth. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2003, 17 (4): 332-339. 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00515.x.
Main DM, Grisso JA, Wold T, Snyder ES, Holmes J, Chiu G: Extended longitudinal study of uterine activity among low risk women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991, 165 (5): 1317-1322.
Little Mp, Brocard P, Elliott P, Steer PJ: Hemoglobin concentration in pregnancy and prenatal mortality: a London based cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005, 193 (1): 220-226. 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.11.053.
Al-Dabbagh SA, Al-Azzawi NA: Effectiveness of UNICEF program for anemia control during pregnancy. Annal Coll Med Mosul. 1999, 25 (1&2): 13-16.
Perez Molina JJ, Cobian Lopez BE, Silva Maciel CA: Maternal risk factors and premature birth in a public hospital at West of Mexico. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2004, 72: 142-149. (English abstract)
Al-Jawadi TA: Identification of the high risk pregnancy and its outcomes: a cohort study. Mosul Medical College. University of Mosul, M.Sc. Thesis. 1998, 29-32.
Wasiela M, Krzeminski Z, Hanke W, Kalinka J: Association between genital mycoplasmas and risk of preterm delivery. Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2003, 7 (3 suppl 1): 211-216.
Bader LK, Abdullah B, Mahmoud A: Precursors of preterm birth: comparison of three ethnic groups in the middle East and the United States. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2005, 34 (4): 444-452. 10.1177/0884217505276303.
Al-Dabbagh S, Al-Jawadi A, Taka M, Al-Saygh A: Cigarette smoking knowledge, attitude and behavior of Mosul University students. Ann Coll Med Mosul. 1989, 15: 107-115.
Schoeman J, Grove DV, Odendaal HJ: Are domestic violence and excessive use of alcohol risk factors for preterm birth?. J Trop Pediatr. 2005, 51 (1): 49-50. 10.1093/tropej/fmh074.
Maupin R, Lyman R, Fatsis J, prystowiski E, Nguyen A, Wright C, Kissinger P, Miller J: Characteristics of women who deliver with no prenatal care. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2004, 16 (1): 45-50. 10.1080/14767050412331283913.
Al-Getachi WF, Khattab Gh: Evaluation of maternal and child health services in a primary health care centre in Mosul. Ann Coll Med Mosul. 2001, 27 (2): 43-48.
Gennaros S, Hennessy MD: Psychological and physiological stress: impact on preterm birth. J Obstet Gynecol Neonat.
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/6/13/prepub
We would like to express our deep thanks to Dr Ina K Warriner for her valuable scientific editing of this article. We would also like to extend our appreciation to Miss Muna Muneer for her valuable contribution to the statistical analysis of the data.
The author(s) declared that they have no competing interests.
Authors have equal contribution. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
About this article
Cite this article
Al-Dabbagh, S.A., Al-Taee, W.Y. Risk factors for pre-term birth in Iraq: a case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 6, 13 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-6-13
- Bacterial Vaginosis
- Typhoid Fever
- Meat Consumption
- Genital Tract Infection
- Suspected Risk Factor | <urn:uuid:06e3f279-b587-4117-832b-964104766636> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2393-6-13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.935094 | 5,231 | 1.882813 | 2 |
How’s this for a shocker: in the USA alone couples spend $2 billion a year on fertility products … yet more than half fail to conceive!!
Does that suggest to you that Western fertility treatment is effective, successful or cost-effective…?
Let’s make a comparison of how the Western world treats infertility to Eastern practices.
Both men and women can suffer from infertility so it’s important for both of you to undergo tests and possibly treatment to resolve the issue.
What you may not know is the different approaches to infertility between East and West. This article will look at typical Western solutions to infertility compared to the Eastern concept of treating infertility holistically.
But let’s first head east …
Eastern Fertility Treatment
In diagnosing any health issue Eastern medicine considers each person’s environment, lifestyle and cause and effect. This holistic approach considers the impact of a malfunctioning component in your body on your whole system.
Eastern medicine strives to achieve complete balance and harmony for a person. This is particularly important when trying to get pregnant because if one small thing is out of tune it can totally sabotage your chances of conceiving.
For both women and men most infertility problems result from an imbalance or blockage in their bodily systems. Quite often the problem is traced to the endocrine system which causes an alteration in the way the body produces hormones.
Eastern medicine interprets this as a blockage of the natural flow of energy (which they call “Qi”) in the body. This can result in infertility as a symptom of a larger problem within the body’s environment.
Now the Qi is influenced by negative and positive energy you may have heard of – the Yin and the Yang. They flow through our bodies like electricity and if they are out of balance and harmony, health problems can result.
For example, a common imbalance in the body that can provoke infertility is estrogen dominance. Some of the types of infertility problems that are caused by estrogen dominance include PCOS, endometriosis, cysts, fibroids, early menopause and miscarriage.
Eastern medicine often prescribes natural remedies, diet and even lifestyle regimes for a whole range of symptoms to gently coax the body back into good health and harmony. This contrasts to Western medicine which tends to treat a single symptom with powerful pharmaceuticals or even invasive surgery.
To learn more The Pregnancy Miracle Guide covers Eastern Medicine and its fertility treatments in great detail.
Western Fertility Treatment
As already mentioned in the USA alone couples spend $2 billion a year on fertility products … yet more than half fail to conceive.
Not only are Western fertility drugs and medical interventions expensive and not always effective … quite often they aren’t very good for our bodies, or for the child we are trying to conceive.
Now there’s a great deal more I could tell you about specific treatments both Eastern and Western Medicine offer couples experiencing infertility, but that merits another article.
Check it out here: Fertility Infertility Treatment – Your Options. | <urn:uuid:5ebc013f-04a1-49f8-afab-5374882e86af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.increasefertilitytips.com/increase-fertility-tips-articles/female-infertility-treatment/female-infertility-treatment-east-versus-west | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.925079 | 628 | 1.960938 | 2 |
NAUVOO GRAPE FESTIVAL PAGEANT since 1938
FREE NAUVOO GRAPE PAGEANT BOOKLET
One of the best-known traditions of the annual Nauvoo Grape Festival is the Grape Fest Pageant, which portrays the history of Nauvoo from the Native Americans to the present day. The script for this historical pageant is based upon the timeline of Nauvoo history. It has been presented each year since 1939 during the Grape Festival in the natural amphitheater, called the Sod Stage in the Nauvoo State Park. This is just a stone’s throw from the Rheinberger Museum and it’s 156-year-old vineyard where Nauvoo’s wine industry began.
Nauvoo’s first name was Quashquema named by Native American inhabitants in honor of the Chief who headed the Sauk and Fox settlement, which numbered nearly 500 lodges. The first frontiersmen knew it as “Head of the Rapids” and by 1829 a post office was needed to serve the Irish, Scotch, and English pioneers who came to the US government agriculture school and trading post. The city was named Venus. Pioneers had begun to settle the land and in 1834 the city’s name was changed from Venus to Commerce and about 100 settlers lived, worked, and traded on this land.
In 1839 the Mormon prophet, Joseph Smith, led his people here from Missouri. Within 7 short years these pioneers built a larger city, and renamed Commerce to “Nauvoo.” They constructed a Temple on the bluffs overlooking the Mississippi, but they were forced to leave Illinois in 1846 due to religious, political, and cultural conflicts.
Etienne Cabet and his Icarian compatriots came to Nauvoo from their native France & established a commune on Temple Square and resettled the city in 1849. Their goal was to live together and share and share alike. By 1856 the commune disbanded, but many Icarians stayed in Nauvoo and took up the cultivation of grapes, imitating the success of their Swiss/German neighbors. Soon there were over 600 acres of vineyards and the hills of Old Nauvoo were dotted with stone arched wine cellars. This was the way of life in Nauvoo until Prohibition went into effect in January 1920 and the wine industry in Nauvoo shut down.
After the repeal of Prohibition, the wine industry was revived. About the same time Oscar Rhode helped perfect the process of Blue Cheese from cow’s milk, which started the business of “blue cheese” in Nauvoo. Soon Nauvoo became famous for both Nauvoo Wine and Nauvoo Blue cheese. Each year, at harvest time, Nauvoo celebrates the grape harvest with a Grape Festival. A highlight of the Nauvoo Historical Society pageant is an old French ceremony, The Wedding of the Wine and Cheese, uniting two of Nauvoo's most famous products - wine and cheese in holy matrimony. | <urn:uuid:351b5c2a-b097-4674-ae84-616db724a1ba> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nemonews.net/2007/08/09/nauvoo-grape-festival-pageant-since-1938/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00342-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976392 | 632 | 3.015625 | 3 |
A man who taught criminal justice at Sonoma State University is accused of setting fires around the massive Dixie Fire and in Shasta County, California. CBS Sacramento reports Gary Maynard, 47, was arrested on Saturday and is charged with setting fire to public land.
He is accused of setting the Ranch Fire in Lassen County, as well.
has grown roughly 5000 acres since Monday night, and has burned more than 490,000 acres. It is 27 percent contained.
A federal criminal complaint shows that U.S. Forest Agents started investigating Maynard on July 20, the same day as the Cascade Fire. Investigators eventually placed a tracking device on his car after a witness at the fire claims they saw Maynard come from the area where the fire sparked.
“Witness 1 believed the man was mentally unstable, describing the man as, ‘mumbling a lot and having bipolar-like behavior,'” the court documents detailed.
During the investigation into the Cascade Fire, authorities found evidence of additional fires.
“The two small ground fires were each determined to be acts of arson and, indeed, classified as two additional arson fires,” wrote one investigator.
Tracking equipment showed Maynard in the area where the Ranch Fire was ignited. Tire tracks also matched his car.
Investigators claim Maynard set the fire but are unaware of what he used to start it.
According to court records, Maynard was living out of his car and traveling alone across a large section of Northern California. Investigators claim at one point, Maynard worked at Santa Clara University. Sonoma State confirms he also taught at their university during the Fall of 2020 as a part-time lecturer in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Maynard was contracted as a fill-in for faculty members on leave.
On Tuesday, Maynard appeared in federal court where Judge Kendall Newman ordered him to stay in custody pending a hearing on Wednesday.
In a separate court document, investigators detail the severity of the alleged crimes:
“He entered the evacuation zone and began setting fires behind the first responders fighting the Dixie fire. In addition to the danger of enlarging the Dixie fire and threatening more lives and property, this increased the danger to the first responders, ” the document alleges. “Maynard’s fires were placed in the perfect position to increase the risk of firefighters being trapped between fires. But for the dedication and efforts of U.S. Forest Service investigators working around the clock to track Maynard, those fires would not have been discovered in their infancy.”
Once arrested, Maynard denied setting any fires. Investigators say he became enraged and started kicking the jail cell door.
Authorities are looking into multiple other fires that occurred during July and August to see if Maynard is connected. | <urn:uuid:a42dca06-66ec-40c5-ac59-a45a21be13e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wsgw.com/former-college-professor-accused-of-setting-fires-near-dixie-fire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.969241 | 575 | 1.710938 | 2 |
General introduction and the law: legal notes to Group 2: Legal Note 3 - insurance sold with standard-rated goods and services
- a person (the “supplier”) makes a supply of goods or services to another (the “customer”),
- the supply of the goods or services is a taxable supply and is not a zero-rated supply,
- a transaction under which insurance is to be or may be arranged for the customer is entered into in connection with the supply of the goods or services,
- a supply of services which are related (whether or not a contract of insurance is finally concluded) to the provision of insurance in pursuance of that transaction is made by -
(i) the person by whom the supply of goods or services is made, or (ii) a person who is connected with that person and, in connection with the provision of that insurance, deals directly with the customer, and
- the related services do not consist in the handling of claims under the contract for that insurance,
those related services do not fall within item 4 unless the relevant requirements are fulfilled.
This note applies only in situations where insurance is sold with VAT standard-rated goods or services. Where a supply of goods or services is at the zero rate of VAT or exempt from VAT, this note does not apply.
If the insurance is arranged in connection with the supply of such goods or services and it is arranged by the supplier (or a person connected to the supplier) then it will not be an exempt supply of arranging insurance unless the relevant requirements outlined below are met. These conditions do not apply to supplies of claims handling services. VATINS5700 refers. | <urn:uuid:73c0cf99-9be9-4525-9272-368a62a09570> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.gov.uk/hmrc-internal-manuals/vat-insurance/vatins1330 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00426-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957902 | 344 | 1.601563 | 2 |
5 Plasters for medical purposes and materials for dressings; first aid-boxes (filled).
6 Fire extinguishing materials of metal namely barrels, bottles, boxes, pipes, couplings for pipes and hoses, collars for fastening pipes, valves; safety gratings and safes made of metal; signs made of metal; keys.
9 Apparatus and instruments for measuring, signalling, alarming, watching, controlling, life-saving, rescuing as well as apparatus and instruments for environmental protection; life saving equipment and saving equipment, including ladders, lines and ropes, life-saving rafts, lifejackets, lifebelts, safety restra-ints (other than for vehicle seats and sports equipment), lightning arresters equipment, protection devices for personal use against accidents, smoke detectors, divers and smoke divers equipment, fire extinguishers, emergency call devices, anti theft warning and fire alarms; apparatus and cards (including magnetic cards) for entrance control; recorded computer programs.
10 Surgical, medical, odontological and veterinary apparatus, stretchers, resuscitation apparatus, vacuum mattresses for medical purposes, cases fitted for use by doctors and paramedicals for births in case of emergency.
12 Vehicles, apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water, and parts and accessories thereto, (not included in other classes).
16 Printed matter, instruction and teaching materials (except apparatus).
35 Assistance in connection with business management, telephone answering service namely diverting and retransmission of calls.
37 Repair, maintenance and installationservices; technical services concerning life saving and security apparatus and equipment; maintenance of life saving and security apparatus and equipment; assistance to boats/ships (repair); assistance to vehicles (repair, starting help, door openings, changing of boats/ships (repair); assistance to vehicles (repair, starting help, door openings, changing of wheels).
39 Transport including ambulance transport, conveyance of patients and emergency medical transport, packaging and storage of goods, arranging of travels, assistance to boats/ships (towing), assistance to vehicles (towing); searching and salvaging; rescue operations (transport); delivery of food and drinks; storage of keys; road traffic reporting.
42 Medical and psychological help and assistance in situations of distress, emergency and crisis, watch and guard services, relief planning, psychological emergency relief, fire extinguishing, medical and veterinary assistance, healthcare, nursing, rental of equipments for nursing and healthcare, consultancy in the field of computer hard- and software, computer programming; arranging of alarmcalls, evaluation and consultancy concerning risk and security questions and risk management. | <urn:uuid:e9380ca6-5b61-4877-94c4-bd7122948353> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://tmdb.eu/trademark/000493742/eu/falck | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00066-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904576 | 532 | 2.1875 | 2 |
A content management system is a application that supports the creation and modification of digital content using a simple interface to abstract away low-level details unless required, usually supporting multiple users working in a collaborative environment
CMS features vary widely. Most CMSs include Web-based publishing, format management, history editing and version control, indexing, search, and retrieval. By their nature, content management systems support the separation of content and presentation.
A web content management system (WCM or WCMS) is a CMS designed to support the management of the content of Web pages. Most popular CMSs are also WCMSs. Web content includes text and embedded graphics, photos, video, audio, maps, and code (e.g., for applications) that displays content or interacts with the user.
Such a content management system (CMS) typically has two major components:
- A content management application (CMA) is the front-end user interface that allows a user, even with limited expertise, to add, modify and remove content from a Web site without the intervention of a webmaster.
- A content delivery application (CDA) compiles that information and updates the Web site.
Digital asset management systems are another type of CMS. They manage things such as documents, movies, pictures, phone numbers and scientific data. CMSs can also be used for storing, controlling, revising, and publishing documentation.
One of the most popular content management system options is WordPress, used by over 25% of websites on the internet.Other content management systems include Joomla, Drupal, and SharePoint.
Content management systems will often contain the following features:
- SEO-friendly URLs
- Integrated and online help
- Modularity and extensibility
- User and group functionality
- Templating support for changing designs
- Install and Upgrade wizards
- Integrated audit logs
- Compliancy with various accessibility frameworks and standards,
- Reduced need to code from scratch
- The ability to create a website quickly
- The ability to create a unified look and feel
- Version control
- Edit permission management
- Limited or no ability to create functionality not envisioned in the CMS (layouts, web apps, etc.)
- Increased need for special expertise and training for content authors | <urn:uuid:5fe92bdb-153b-405e-8d15-beecda86e294> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sushilkumar.ind.in/cms/what-is-cms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00427-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.872441 | 467 | 2.75 | 3 |
I have often imagined, living as I do in Laos, what it would be like to have the ground heave under your feet, to be tossed like a caber into the air and to lose parts of your body to a small, US-made cluster bomb lying there since 1969.
Specific measures need to be taken to avert death and the immediate risk of hypovolemic shock and infection in such situations, but the chances of getting speedy medical care in Laos are negligible. There are no ambulances with life-saving equipment outside of cities. Instead, the best a bleeding or blinded person can wish for is a tractor, or being thrown across a motorbike.
Journalists are rightly drawn to the dedicated people whose painstaking work is to clear Laos of munitions – cluster bombs, mines, white phosphorus and large bombs – which were all left after the Vietnam war. But it is the overlooked victims whose lives have been inexorably changed that were recognised when Michael Boddington was awarded an MBE this month for the establishment of the Co-operative Orthotic and Prosthetic Enterprise (Cope).
It's not often that Her Majesty's ambassador is barefoot when bequeathing honours. Nor is it often that the recipient is in similar deshabille. But in keeping with Lao manners, both Boddington and the UK ambassador, Quinton Quayle, had bare feet for the occasion: "I'm proud that UK organisations have been in the forefront of UXO [unexploded ordnance] injury prevention," Quayle told me. "That's what honours are all about as far as I am concerned: bringing to light the extraordinary work done in places far from the public eye. Unfortunately this is a long-term project and money is hard to find."
The ambassador is right, it is a long-term project and Cope is the only rehabilitation service in Laos that provides specialised rehabilitation and prosthetics. At the current rate, it will take 3000 years to clear all lurking ordnance. That means 3000 years of casualties. They are so frequent here that they barely make the news. In February, five children were killed when a cluster bomb exploded. Several years ago, a nine-year-old boy was conscious for the eight days it took for a white phosphorus bomb to burn his leg off. None of this is considered remarkable.
And yet, Boddington told me that the US have contributed nothing to victims' assistance. "I feel very bitter about that," he said. "For years they refused to give any money to any of the south-east Asian countries. It's a disgrace. No US grants came into the country." Money should not be hard to find. While war reparations have been used to punish the vanquished, there have been some moves to reform that process, and they need to be fast-tracked.
The US state department insists that, with a total of $25m, it tops the donor list, however a year's clearance operation costs around $8m. And they should be the biggest donors. The US is responsible for the majority of the ordnance dropped on this country, which was at the time accepted as officially neutral. The US conducted its bombing missions over Laos secretly, calling the attacks "armed reconnaissance flights" to dodge the Geneva accord's ban on foreign military intervention.
The World and Asian Development Bank give millions for large infrastructure programs. Hydropower dams and roads proliferate like mushrooms and consume land and forest nominally cleared of UXO – or at least safe to those who are practised in treading the ground. And yet they do not commit money for victims' assistance.
New data shows such explosives have resulted in more than 50,000 deaths and injuries in Laos since 1964. About 20,000 have been killed or injured since hostilities ended in 1975. While men have more accidents, women are more likely to die from their injuries. Of the 20,493 survivors requiring a prosthesis, so far only 583 have received one.
The convention on cluster munitions state signatories will meet in Vientiane in November. There are 107 nations who have signed up. The usual suspects have not. The convention is the work of the cluster munitions coalition who, with the assistance of the Norwegian government, worked for seven years to achieve the ban.
Boddington is determined it won't be yet another vehicle for nodding and talking. "We have to make it work. The landmine treaty did nothing for those left behind, but article five of this convention is all about the casualties. We are hoping that we can get money for much-needed services."
Despite a law saying healthcare is free, rural Lao are charged for everything: needles, gloves and time. The Lao government, rated by Transparency International as one of the most corrupt, is bent on building a palatial police museum. "We lack doctors who can do clean amputations. We need more prosthetists, vocational training and community-based mental health services," says Boddington. "I am not sure what contribution another museum would make." | <urn:uuid:0f3abc15-b7e4-456a-b7d0-d80c26671ede> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/aug/30/casualties-cluster-bombs-laos | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972913 | 1,040 | 2.09375 | 2 |
|Glutinous Rice Balls|
This is also called as Ginataang Bilo-bilo or Tambutambong in Ilocano.
I remember when I was a kid that this merienda is always present on whatever occassion especially in barrios.
The conventional way of making the main ingredient of this snack is by soaking glutinous rice overnight and bringing it to market for grinding. Good thing there are already glutinous rice flour in the maket making the preparation less hassle.You will need:
4 cups of glutinous rice flour mixed with water to make a dough
3-4 medium size sweet potato (kamote), cubed
6 pieces saging na saba, diced
3 cups cooked sago
2 cups of kakang gata (first extract coconut milk)
6 cups 2nd extract cococnut milk
2 cup sugar
Here’s how to do it:
Form about ¼ inch diameter-balls of glutinous rice flour dough. Set aside.
In a large pot, add sugar, 2nd coconut milk extract and mix until sugar is dissolved. Place over heat and let it boil. Add kamote and “rice balls”. When the rice balls starts to float, add saging na saba and sago. Simmer for another minute then add 1 ½ cup of kakang gata. Simmer for another minute.
Serve topped with a slice of inangit (glutinous rice cooked like ordinary rice using coconut milk) and a bout tbsp of kakang gata.
Who can think this ingredients,
will turn into this! | <urn:uuid:1bf4a99d-4de2-4517-a686-f788e6db2d83> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ourfamilyblogsabout.info/2013/02/paradusdos.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.879168 | 343 | 1.796875 | 2 |
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