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Organisations to Support
Support one or more of the organisations working to protect and restore forests.
International Tree Foundation
International Tree Foundation (ITF), the world’s oldest tree charity, works with grassroots organisations and communities in Africa and the UK to increase global tree cover and reforestation, improve livelihoods, educate and build capacity for community-based forestry and agroforestry. ITF’s work in Africa has touched many parts of the continent, working with both large-scale reforestation programmes – on Mount Kenya and Mount Bamboutos in Cameroon – and smaller-scale, community-focused projects. At the heart of all their work is the support and empowerment of local groups to grow trees in ways that make sense in their communities and landscapes: restoring degraded forests and water catchments, planting trees on farms and around schools, engaging and educating children, and improving livelihoods and quality of life. As they approach their 100th anniversary, it is estimated they are responsible for the establishment of 27 billion trees.
Rainforest Concern has helped to protect over 2.2 million hectares of native forests, the biodiversity they contain and the communities who depend on them for their survival. In their 25 years they have worked with 21 partner organisations and eight indigenous tribes across thirteen countries. Current priorities include the expansion of the Neblina Reserve (see appeal), a biodiversity-rich tropical montane cloud forest reserve in the threatened forests of north west Ecuador. In Colombia, they are supporting a partner NGO, Gaia Amazonas, on a visionary project in the Amazon basin to secure ecosystem connectivity in the region north of the Amazon river from the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean. In India, Rainforest Concern work with the Gurukula Botanical Sanctuary to conserve the plants and restore the ecosystem of the threatened Western Ghats. Visit Rainforest Concern’s website to see the full range of projects, including Peru, Chile, Romania, Belize and Costa Rica.
Tree Aid is a charity set up by foresters in 1987 to help people in the drylands of Africa to lift themselves out of poverty and protect their environment. Local teams work in partnership with rural communities to plant and protect trees to provide nutrition, generate income and slow down the effects of climate change. Their efforts have already helped more than 1.3 million people with more than 17 million trees planted. Current projects include participation in the Great Green Wall in partnership with the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Targets for 2017-2022 are to grow over 8 million trees, help to lift 2.5 million people out of poverty and restore over 250,000 hectares of degraded land.
World Land Trust
World Land Trust, set up in 1989, was a pioneer in buying threatened land for conservation in Belize. Since then, it has worked with 30 overseas partners to create locally managed reserves in twenty countries spanning Central and Latin America, Kenya, Zambia, India, Malaysia Borneo, Vietnam, Armenia and the UK. More than 770,000 acres of tropical forest and other threatened habitat has been protected with its support. It is currently raising funds to rejuvenate 247 acres (c100 hectares) of landscape degraded and deforested during the Vietnam War. New buy an acre projects include extension of the Jaguar del Norte Reserve in Mexico, a lease expanding the buffer zone for Kasanka National Park in Zambia and expansion of the El Silencio Reserve in Colombia.
Friends of the Earth UK
Friends of the Earth UK is campaigning to double tree cover in the UK – just 13% of the UK’s total land area has tree cover compared to an EU average of 35%. Sign their petition, read their briefing Finding the Land to Double Tree Cover and support their campaign. See also their top tips to help climate and nature.
International Tree Foundation
International Tree Foundation (see also work in Africa above) works across the UK to provide support to local organisations and tree-planting projects. In October 2019 they started working with five new organisations in Oxfordshire and Hampshire, helping to fund community-led tree-planting projects, including two orchards, a “food forest”, and mixed woodland restoration.
Woodland Trust, the UK’s largest woodland conservation charity, has planted more than 43 million trees in the UK since it was set up in 1972, protected thousands of woods and restored more than 34,000 hectares of ancient woodland. Sign up for their Big Climate Fightback campaign pledge calling on one million people to pledge to plant a tree to help fight the climate emergency. The Woodland Trust also operates a programme providing free trees for communities and schools.
Please note Positive Nature has no formal affiliation with these organisations | <urn:uuid:11bc5848-28b5-47fb-a19a-ab0356f03b8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.positivenature.world/organisations-to-support/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.936436 | 1,029 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Several aviation and continue officials pronounced a light was not an aircraft, BuzzFeed reported. Ian Gregor, a orator for a Federal Aviation Administration, told a news opening that he had “no idea†what a intent was. McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas also reliable that it was “not a plane
UPDATE (12/23, 1:15 a.m. ET):the “streaking fireball†was Russian space debris
The light, pronounced Ziegenhorn, was “caused by a Russian SL-4 rocket physique that reentered a atmosphere somewhere above Arizona.â€
The rocket had been launched on Dec. 21.
Earlier on HuffPost:
Article source: http://feeds.huffingtonpost.com/c/35496/f/677530/s/4c6c182e/sc/38/l/0L0Shuffingtonpost0N0C20A150C120C220Cbright0Elight0Ecalifornia0Enevada0In0I88666840Bhtml0Dutm0Ihp0Iref0Flos0Eangeles0Gir0FLos0KAngeles/story01.htm | <urn:uuid:d3d9f308-a8cc-4983-af4b-9bd280a516bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://usa.timesofnews.com/city/los-angeles/unexplained-bright-light-spotted-in-night-sky-over-california-and-nevada.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.878763 | 272 | 1.5625 | 2 |
A1. Download my ePub sample. That has a resizing cover using SVG. Just unzip it and take a look at the code.
A2. Hmm... I think this can be done using an image file and resizing it non-proportionally. I'll see if I can come up with something.
A3. See A1. If you want to embed commercial fonts you'll also want to encrypt them. I've made a Python script
that will encrypt embedded fonts to the Adobe specification.
Originally Posted by ghostyjack
1. I want to include cover art that scales with the screen size. I believe this is done using SVG, but I've no idea how.
2. One of my books in its pbook form uses a pair of parrallel horizontal lines to the right of every chapter heading. How do I put horizontal lines after the text? I assume I would be putting in image files for the horizontal line. Is it possible to fix their position to be just after the heading text. Would using SVG make it possible to stretch them to go to the far right of the screen regardless of the screen size?
3. How do I embed fonts? | <urn:uuid:884ce439-fc6b-47a9-8fac-e28134b84ec9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.mobileread.com/forums/showpost.php?p=645848&postcount=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00026-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935101 | 247 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Arranged Marriages Are Bad Day!
You're bored and thirty one. Your mother is bored and disappointed in you. Your father is trying to stave off death with some affairs and some brazen embezzlement. You're taking suggestions.
Which is why you didn't object when your Mom started talking about arranging a marriage for you. She joined this group of mothers who wanted to change their adult children's lives for the better by making their adult children's lifemate decisions for them. Basically, it was a bunch of Moms who were going to mix and match their kids into marriage. As was previously stated, you were bored. And you saw it as just a slightly more aggressive set-up situation.
Problem is, and a blind dead person could've seen this coming, but at the big arranged marriage mixer party, you were introduced to your mate-for-life and you found her to be loathsome. But you met Marty Cooperman's mate-for-life (JULIE!) and you thought she was aces, tits to toes, and she thought the same about you. You asked your Mom to ask THE COUNCIL if you and Julie could be set-up, but the Moms on THE COUNCIL said hells no. Their reasoning was that when you signed on for an arranged marriage, you agreed to submit to their pairing process.
"Everyone who mates according to our decree will only mate for the better," Mrs. Gamberslee, head of the council, declared just before banging her gavel (she just brought it in with her one day)(drunk with power).
What's going to happen is love is going to try to prevail against reason. You and Julie won't be able to keep away from each other. THE COUNCIL is going to order you to cease contact. Julie's gonna pretend to have killed herself, so you're going to kill yourself for reals, then Julie's gonna kill herself for reals, and your Dad's gonna go to jail for falsifying quarterly earnings statements.
Happy Arranged Marriages Are Bad Day! | <urn:uuid:0c6a5f7c-a9a3-49da-ad61-f89f7624417f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.girlsarepretty.com/2004/06/arranged-marriages-are-bad-day-youre.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00231-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.986151 | 435 | 1.507813 | 2 |
In case you haven’t noticed, the price of oil has dropped dramatically and has not rebounded as yet. As I write, the price of the most common form of crude oil is under $54 per barrel, about half of what it was in mid-2014. What’s going on?
Several factors contributed to the fall. One was increased U.S. production, much of it shale oil. Also, U.S. consumption has not been rising apace with GDP in part because of higher fuel efficiency. Demand in Europe and Japan is muted due to low growth or recession.
Those things did not happen suddenly, however, so the drop would appear to be overdone. Large producers, who have a lot of pricing power, would normally cut production in this circumstance. (Pricing power means a change in their production has a noticeable effect on the world price.) The Saudis have considerable pricing power and their production decisions are controlled by their government. Why have they not cut production? I believe they are engaging in predatory pricing.
Predatory pricing is illegal in the U.S. and elsewhere, under anti-trust law. Predatory pricing occurs when a supplier cuts his prices for the purpose of bankrupting a competitor, or at least driving the competitor out of the market. The predator is willing to suffer losses or reduced profits temporarily, while holding the prices low. Once the competitor is gone, the predator’s pricing power will have increased enough that he can raise prices a lot and make up for losses suffered during the period of predation. Predatory pricing is definitely possible in free markets but is very risky for several reasons: (1) the predator can’t be sure how long it will take to ruin his competitor, (2) he can’t be sure how long he can maintain low prices without sustaining ruinous losses or perhaps face a shareholder rebellion, (3) it’s possible the competitor, or someone who has bought his assets in bankruptcy, will come back to life and start competing as before. For these reasons (and others, such as the difficulty facing regulators who are supposed to distinguish predatory motives from “innocent” business strategy), I believe there is no reason to outlaw predatory pricing.
The situation is a little different in the international oil market because the Saudis and many other major players are government controlled. They are not constrained (much) by the market forces outlined above. They are not accountable to shareholders and are only vaguely responsible to the population of Saudi Arabia. They have substantial latitude to pursue political motives even if their profits suffer. And anti-trust law does not operate across national borders.
What might the Saudis want to accomplish politically? They hate Russia and Iran, both of which rely heavily on oil exports. They don’t hate the U.S., at least not openly, but they surely wouldn’t mind sticking it to U.S. and Canadian shale oil producers. Those producers are largely market-driven and thus have limited ability to withstand predatory pricing. The Saudis could indeed drive smaller firms out of the market, and also less profitable operations of larger firms.
That might not be such a bad thing. There has been a huge land rush into shale oil and fracking. In any such boom, whether in energy, mining, or computers, many small firms fall by the wayside. If the Saudis ruin some marginal firms or projects, that’s not such a bad thing.
We little guys are sitting pretty. We’re paying a lot less for gasoline. If we hold shares of the major oil firms we’re probably OK, as their share prices have held up and their dividends look solid. The same is true of the pipeline operators. Only if we hold shares of marginal energy firms or oilfield service companies are we in any trouble.
So – go for it, Saudis! Stick it to the evil governments of Russia and Iran and help us clean out some of our marginal energy operations. | <urn:uuid:8cbf18c9-4491-46c3-8940-62a58eb261fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://notesonliberty.com/2014/12/31/whats-up-with-oil-and-the-saudis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.970013 | 816 | 2.203125 | 2 |
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But sometimes there is a contest between the new tests wit fsh cult and the old.
Three of four studies show that black cohosh does not affect LH or FSH.
Treatment in men elevated endogenous FSH levels are indicative of primary testicular failure.
In females, FSH causes early maturation of ovarian follicles.
By doing so the ovaries communicate back to the pituitary gland that the egg follicles have been stimulated and FSH production slows down. | <urn:uuid:901e51fa-12c1-4816-bbd1-8adfdddcacd4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.yourdictionary.com/fsh | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.910562 | 146 | 1.570313 | 2 |
He learned to play French carom and pyramid pool,—every thing in fact.
carom, kar′om, n. an abbreviation for Carambole, the same as Cannon in billiards.
We came near making a carom sometimes, but not the one we were trying to make.
A festive grasshopper jumps up into my face, and makes a carom on the web.
If the ball be pocketed after having made a carom or winning hazard, the player cannot score the count he may have made.
To make a carom, the player must cause his own ball to strike two or more balls in the same shot.
Max stopped in the act of trying for a carom, and stared at his sister.
The game is played with three balls only, two white and one red, and on a carom table.
Monty thrust a franc in her hand and turned quickly from her to carom against a tall well-dressed man who was passing.
On a carom table he has the right to play on either ball, even though both should be within the “string.”
1779, earlier carambole (1775), from French carambole "the red ball in billiards," from Spanish carombola "the red ball in billiards," perhaps originally "fruit of the tropical Asian carambola tree," which is round and orange and supposed to resemble a red billiard ball; from Marathi (southern Indian) karambal. Originally a type of stroke involving the red ball:
If the Striker hits the Red and his Adversary's Ball with his own Ball he played with, he wins two Points; which Stroke is called a Carambole, or for Shortness, a Carrom. ["Hoyle's Games Improved," London, 1779]
1860, from carom (n.). Related: Caromed; caroming. | <urn:uuid:87467b8a-e335-481c-9478-433a359bbada> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/carom | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00313-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980282 | 406 | 3.171875 | 3 |
In May 2021, Salvadoran president Nayib Bukele used his legislative supermajority to fire the country's highest court and top prosecutor. The power grab deepened El Salvador's democratic crisis by dealing a major blow to horizontal accountability. What explains Bukele's rise and the concomitant decline of democratic institutions in El Salvador? Bukele's success relies on millennial authoritarianism: an innovative political strategy combining traditional populist appeals and classic authoritarian behavior with a youthful and modern personal brand built on social media. His emergence has also been facilitated by two broader factors that challenge the conventional wisdom about democracy and democratic backsliding: the hidden long-term costs of democratic pacts and the unintended consequences of fighting corruption. | <urn:uuid:8060b2f8-51c7-4622-8daf-cc51b9d4b703> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://muse.jhu.edu/article/797783/summary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.905362 | 146 | 2.28125 | 2 |
The delicious workplace ritual is under threat by a bunch of UK dentists.
For those trudging back to work on a health kick, that tiny sliver of Woolies mud cake passed around for Janice in accounting's birthday may be your only salvation from the drudgery of desk lunches. But guess what? Some UK dentists don't approve, and they're urging workplaces to cut cake culture for good.
The Faculty of Dental Surgery at the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) have put out a plea for workplaces to make 2017 the year they ditch the birthday cake ritual completely, citing "cake culture" as a contributor to obesity and tooth decay.
Professor Nigel Hunt, dean of the faculty, said in a media release the idea of cake culture in workplaces really seemed to strike a chord.
"We all recognise it. Managers want to reward staff for their efforts, colleagues want to celebrate special occasions and workers want to bring back a gift from their holidays. While these sweet treats might be well meaning, they are also contributing to the current obesity epidemic and poor oral health.
"We need a culture change in offices and other workplaces that encourages healthy eating and helps workers avoid caving in to sweet temptations such as cakes, sweets and biscuits."
The faculty has recommended workplaces swap out special occasion cakes, sugary treats and biscuits in meetings and office canteens for fruit, nuts and lower-sugar alternatives, as well as removing sweet products from office vending machines.
If forgoing the office birthday cake indefinitely is too gloomy a prospect to fathom at this tender time of the year (we're already contending with the back-to-work blues), they've also included some less-drastic suggestions for cutting back on the sweet stuff, including developing a sugar schedule to consolidate multiple colleagues' birthdays from the same week or month into one cake. Check out the full list of recommendations below.
The Faculty of Dental Surgery's five tops tips for cutting sugar consumption
- Consider low sugar alternatives: Colleagues appreciate it when someone takes the time to buy treats for the team. But rather than always buying sugary goods like biscuits and sweets, consider substituting them for low sugar alternatives.
- Reduce portion sizes: Think about reducing portion sizes—choose the small bag rather than the big one.
- Avoid snacking and keep sugar as a lunchtime treat: If someone does bring cake or sweets to the office, avoid snacking throughout the day and only consume sugary goods at lunchtime. Not only does this help reduce your overall sugar intake, it's also much better for teeth.
- Develop a sugar schedule to help limit your team's sugar intake: There may be times when cake keeps appearing in the office, as birthdays or other events seem to be happening almost every day. One way to limit sugar consumption at such times is to organise a sugar schedule. For example, if there are birthdays on Monday, Tuesday and Thursday, arrange to have cake at Friday lunchtime to celebrate all three, rather than on each individual day.
- Location, location, location - think carefully about where cake and sugar is positioned: Research suggests that people will eat more sweets if they are nearby and visible than if they are placed further away. Therefore, think about where sugary products are positioned in the office and put them out of eyesight. | <urn:uuid:71071b1a-c997-43c2-956e-9468f69fc09f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://kitchen.nine.com.au/2017/01/04/13/04/the-office-birthday-cake-may-soon-be-a-thing-of-the-past | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00130-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960271 | 690 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Kate Walsh, president of the National Council on Teacher Quality, makes The Case Against Comparability on Education Gadfly. The proposed law requiring districts to equalize spending on teacher salaries will encourage bean counting, not quality, she argues.
Teacher quality is perhaps the greatest challenge facing these struggling school districts. The House bill does in fact include some good provisions for addressing these challenges, such as premium pay to attract teachers to high-need schools and subject areas; better mentoring and induction for new teachers; performance pay; and longitudinal data systems that will allow tracking of teacher effectiveness, to name just a few.
Many urban districts have a few schools with poor and middle-class students and a lot of schools with nothing but poor students. Shifting experienced teachers to the ultra-poor schools risks driving the middle class out of the public schools completely. | <urn:uuid:41ee8d4e-59ba-4555-aabb-63c050f260da> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.joannejacobs.com/2007/09/incomparable/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00407-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962012 | 170 | 2.140625 | 2 |
By Sarah Orange, ’14, for Voices for Racial Justice
Children across the Nation are often the invisible victims of mass incarceration. In June 2013, Sesame Workshop, the non-profit organization behind the popular children’s TV show Sesame Street, recognized this challenge when it launched a new program called “Little Children, Big Challenges: Incarceration.” This program seeks to reach the 2.7 million children in the U.S. with an incarcerated parent through videos, crafts, music, and more. In one of the Sesame Street videos about incarceration, Alex (if you haven’t watched the show in a while that’s the orange puppet with blue hair) talks about how his father is incarcerated and the difficulties that he and other children like him face, including not always being able to talk to their parent. This program recognizes the importance of maintaining communication between children and their incarcerated parent. Maintaining routine communication is essential for helping children to understand and successfully cope with this difficult situation. A little phone call can make a big difference in the lives of children with an incarcerated parent.
Did you know: of the 2.7 million children with an incarcerated parent, 15,000 of them live right here in Minnesota? However, Minnesotan children are often denied the ability to maintain close contact with their incarcerated parent. First, because prisoners are incarcerated an average of 100 miles away from their families making in person visits difficult. Second, because it costs over $17 to make a 15-minute collect phone call out of a Minnesota prison. It is cheaper to call Singapore. These phone calls are so expensive because prison phone providers attract government contracts by offering the state a kickback – a percentage of the prison phone provider’s profits. In Minnesota, the prison system receives 49% of the profit that the phone provider makes from prison phone calls. However, community members and local civil rights organizations are taking action to stop this injustice. The Federal Communications Commission recently adopted policy changes regarding interstate prison phone calls which will lower phone rates across state lines and in federal prisons, however, these reforms do not affect intrastate (local) calls in Minnesota. Much more work is needed to address this issue within Minnesota in order to support children and families. For the children impacted, this cost barrier to communication can have devastating effects, resulting in emotional stress and behavioral challenges.
The impact of limited contact between children and parents has a far-reaching impact on Minnesota’s children. Studies have demonstrated that “lack of regular contact with incarcerated parents has been linked to truancy, homelessness, depression, aggression, and poor classroom performance in children.” (Federal Communications Commission, Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, FCC 13-113 (Sept. 26, 2013)). Furthermore, studies indicate that maintaining contact with an incarcerated parent is one of the most effective ways to improve a child’s emotional response and reduce behavioral problems. But in Minnesota the high cost of making a phone call from prison prevents this critical communication between the parent and child.
This problem most significantly affects children from communities of color. African American children are nine times more likely to have an incarcerated parent than White children. But the problem does not stop there. Forty-four percent of African American households in Minnesota live below the poverty line. For these families the cost of communicating with a loved one in prison can mean having to forgo basic necessities and places on strain on family budgets. The high cost of prison phone calls can be a significant barrier preventing African American children from maintaining communication with an incarcerated parent. Hence, the impact of the high cost of prison phone calls is far-reaching. However, a solution to this challenge is within our reach.
We can make a big difference in a child’s life today by raising awareness related to prison phone justice and educating others about this important issue. By reducing the cost of a prison phone call, we can ensure that families can remain connected. This is essential for promoting strong families and safe communities in the state of Minnesota. Take action today by visiting the Prison Phone Justice Campaign website at www.phonejustice.org and signing up to help fight for prison phone justice in Minnesota.
Sarah Orange is a Certified Student Attorney with the Community Justice Project at the University of St. Thomas School of Law. The work of the Community Justice Project civil rights clinic focuses on training law students to serve as social engineers who create new inroads to justice and freedom. | <urn:uuid:c081360c-b5cc-47ac-9ce1-2ea39d28a852> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.stthomas.edu/missioninaction/2013/11/26/incarceration-children-how-a-little-phone-call-can-make-a-big-difference/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00079-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94772 | 913 | 3.03125 | 3 |
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|Birth name||Dorsey William Burnett, Jr.|
December 28, 1932|
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
|Origin||Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.|
|Died||August 19, 1979
Canoga Park, California, U.S.
|Genres||Rockabilly, country, rock and roll|
|Instruments||Vocals, Double bass, Acoustic guitar|
|Associated acts||The Rock and Roll Trio|
Dorsey Burnette (December 28, 1932 – August 19, 1979) was an American early rockabilly singer. With his younger brother, Johnny Burnette, and a friend named Paul Burlison, he was a founder member of The Rock and Roll Trio. He is also the father of country musician and Fleetwood Mac member Billy Burnette.
Background and early career
Dorsey William Burnett, Jr. was born on December 28, 1932 to Willie Mae and Dorsey William Burnett, Sr. in Memphis, Tennessee. The 'e' at the end of his surname was added later. His younger brother, John Joseph "Johnny" Burnett, was born on March 25, 1934. The family lived in a public housing project in the Lauderdale Courts area of Memphis, Tennessee.
Dorsey was a competent athlete with an interest in boxing. Both of the Burnette Brothers turned out to be successful amateur boxers, becoming local Golden Gloves champions. In 1949, Dorsey was introduced to another young boxing contender named Paul Burlison by his boxing teacher, Jimmy Denson, and they were to become firm friends. Later, Burlison was introduced to Johnny Burnette and they also became firm friends. All three men had a mutual interest in music. Burlison had begun to receive guitar lessons when he was eight years old. In 1939, Dorsey Sr. gave his two sons a pair of Gene Autry guitars. According to most sources, the brothers immediately broke them over each other's head. Dorsey Sr. doggedly bought them two more guitars. Dorsey later recalled that their father had said, "Learn to play those guitars. You can be like those folks on the Grand Ole Opry if you want to." Dorsey said that "he learned the G, C and E chords and when the strings broke, he would use baling wire".
After graduating from a Catholic high school in Memphis, Dorsey tried his hand as a professional boxer becoming a Southern pro champ before working at a number of daytime jobs, which included a cotton picker, an oiler on a Mississippi riverboat, a fisherman, a carpet layer. He was finally to work at the Crown Electric Company with Paul Burlison as an apprentice electrician and would spend six years studying for an electrician's license. Johnny Burnette also worked as a deck hand on barges, which traversed the Mississippi River and though they worked separately, each of them would bring his guitar on board and write songs during his spare time. After work, they would perform those and other songs together at local bars with a varying array of sidemen. Paul Burlison joined them after his discharge from the US Armed Forces and in 1952 or 1953 they formed a group, which may have been called The Rhythm Rangers at the time. Johnny Burnette sang the vocals and played acoustic guitar, Dorsey played bass and Paul Burlison played lead guitar.
The Rock and Roll Trio
For economic reasons, in 1956, the three young men moved to New York City, where they managed to get an audition with the Ted Mack Original Amateur Hour. They won the competition three times in a row, which gained them a place in the finals and a recording contract with Coral Records and they officially became The Rock and Roll Trio. Promotional appearances were arranged on Dick Clark's American Bandstand, Steve Allen's Tonight Show and Perry Como's Kraft Music Hall, together with a summer tour with Carl Perkins and Gene Vincent. On September 9, 1956, they appeared as finalists in the Ted Mack Original Amateur Hour at Madison Square Garden. Despite all of this activity, however, the three singles, which were released over this period failed to make the national charts.
In order to cover their living expenses, the Trio was forced to go on the road, completing what seemed to be an endless stream of one-night stands. This exhausting regime led to squabbles, which were exacerbated in Dorsey's case by Jerome's use of the name Johnny Burnette and the Rock and Roll Trio on records and live dates. Things finally came to a head at a gig in Niagara Falls in the fall of 1956, when, as a result of a fight, Dorsey quit the group a week before they were to appear in Alan Freed's film, Rock, Rock, Rock. Johnny Burnette and Paul Burlison recruited Johnny Black, the brother of Elvis's bassist Bill Black, to fill Dorsey's place and the Trio were duly completed their spot in the film. Despite the film appearance and three more single releases and one LP release, the group failed to achieve any chart success and the Trio officially disbanded in the fall of 1957.
Move to California
Colin Escott of Showtime Magazine states that during or after his stint with his own trio, Dorsey recorded a demo session with Fabor Robinson (owner of Fabor Records, co-owner of Abbott Records and sometime manager of Johnny Horton and Jim Reeves among others). French researchers Giles Vignal and Marc Alesina place the demo session at the Sun Records Studio in November 1956 and they have Dorsey being backed by Johnny Burnette and Paul Burlison. "Let's Fall In Love" and four other tracks were cut, but all are believed to be lost. On November 24, 1956, Dorsey went to a session at the Fabor Studio in Malibu, California, where he cut four tracks, "The Devil Queen", "Let's Fall In Love", "At A Distance" and "Jungle Magic". These tracks were released as two singles, "Let's Fall in Love/The Devil's Queen" (Abbott 188-45) on November 24, 1956 and "Jungle Magic/At a Distance" (Abbott 190-45) on February 23, 1957. Fabor Robinson offered to place Dorsey on either the Louisiana Hayride or the Town Hall Party (the West Coast's leading country music showcase).
After moving to California, Dorsey found work as an electrician to make ends meet and began writing songs in his spare time. Once he had settled down, Dorsey sent for his family. By the fall of 1957, Johnny Burnette was now unemployed and he decided to try his luck on the West Coast. With a friend, Joe Campbell, he hitched a ride in a railroad boxcar out to Los Angeles, where they joined Dorsey. With their past differences forgotten, the brothers attempted to resurrect The Rock and Roll Trio by sending for Paul Burlison. He joined them briefly, but decided to return to Memphis and concentrate on his electrical business. Dorsey continued with his day job as an electrician to pay the family expenses, while he and Johnny continued with their song writing activities in their spare time.
The Burnette Brothers
In November 1957, the brothers were approached by songwriter John Marascalco, who had written "Ready Teddy" and "Rip It Up" for Little Richard, as well as "Good Night My Love" and other hits. He was looking for a singer to help him with a new song, "Bertha Lou". Dorsey and Johnny went into the Master Recorders Studio in Hollywood and backed by Odell Hull (lead guitar), Danny Flores (piano) and H.B. Barnum (drums) cut two tracks, "Bertha Lou" and "‘Till The Law Says Stop". It was originally planned that Johnny should sing the lead vocals, but when he recalled that he was still under contract to Coral Records, Dorsey suggested that nobody would care if he sang the song. The vocal duties were switched, with Johnny singing some of the backing vocals. The two sides were released as a single (Surf SR5019-45) under Dorsey's name. Coral threatened to sue and so label owner Kenny Babcock withdrew the record. Babcock had Dorsey's voice overdubbed with that of one of his own singers, Johnny Faire (also known as John Faircloth). Surf SR5019-45 was subsequently re-released as by Johnny Faire. Johnny Faire was later to change his name and find fame as Donnie Brooks.
The songwriting credits show John Marascalco as the writer of "Bertha Lou", but Cub Koda reports Brooks as saying that the song was in fact written by Johnny Burnette, who, as part of the recording deal, sold it to Marascalo. John Marascalco was later persuaded to release Dorsey's version, which he still owned. In 1965, "Bertha Lou"/"Keep A Knockin’" was released as Cee-Jam No. 6 with "Bertha Lou" under the name of Dorsey Burnette. The flipside, "Keep A Knockin’", was released under the name The Brothers. In 1966, "Bertha Lou"/"’Til The Law Says Stop" was released as Cee-Jam No. 16 with both sides under the name Dorsey Burnette.
It was sheer bravado that enabled the Burnette Brothers to have their first major breakthrough as songwriters. On arriving in Los Angeles, Joe Campbell bought a copy of “A Map To The Stars” which showed the location of the then teen idol Ricky Nelson's home. In an effort to get their songs to him, the Burnettes and Campbell decided to sit on the steps of the star’s home until they could get a meeting with him. This persistence worked and Nelson was impressed with their work, enough so that he recorded "Believe What You Say", "It's Late" and "Waitin' In School", among others. Other artists on Nelson's label, Imperial Records, such as Roy Brown, who covered the brothers' "Hip Shakin' Baby", benefited from their songwriting abilities and this led to them signing a recording contract with Imperial.
As the Burnette Brothers, Dorsey and Johnny had a single release on the Imperial label, "Warm Love"/"My Honey" (Imperial X5509), which was released on May 5, 1958. It did not make the charts. In 1961, they had two instrumentals releases on the small Infinity and Gothic labels. The first single, "Green Grass Of Texas"/"Bloody River" (Infinity INX-001), was released on February 20, 1961. The second single, "Rockin' Johnny Home"/"Ole Reb" (Gothic GOX-001), was released on May 29, 1961. Both singles were released under the name The Texans. Another instrumental, "Lonely Island"/"Green Hills" (Liberty 55460) under the name The Shamrocks appeared on Liberty Records on June 6, 1962. "Green Grass Of Texas"/"Bloody River" was re-released in February 1965 on the Vee-Jay label (VJ 658), again under the name of The Texans.
Dorsey Burnette had two single releases while contracted to Imperial Records as a solo artist, "You Came as a Miracle"/"Try" (Imperial X5561), released on March 9, 1959 and "Lonely Train"/"Misery" (Imperial X 5597), released on September 7, 1959. Neither record was a hit. In late 1959, Dorsey offered a song, "Tall Oak Tree", to Ricky Nelson, who turned it down. Now signed to Era Records, Dorsey recorded the song himself and it was released on January 11, 1960 backed with "Juarez Town" (Era 3012). The record entered the charts and reached No. 23 on the Hot 100. He was the first of the Burnette Brothers to have a hit record. This success spurred Coral Records to dig into their archives and release two old Rock and Roll Trio recordings as "Blues Stay Away From Me"/"Midnight Train" (Coral 9-62190). The top side was released under the name Dorsey Burnette but the flip side was under the names Dorsey and Johnny Burnette. It did not make the charts. On May 2, 1960, Era released a follow-up record, "Hey Little One"/"Big Rock Candy Mountain" (Era 3019), by Dorsey and it reached No. 48 in the Hot 100. Two days later on May 4, 1960, Johnny Burnette’s first major solo hit record, "Dreamin’", was released on Liberty Records. On May 23, 1960, Imperial Records followed Coral's example and released "Way in the Middle of the Night"/"Your Love" (Imperial X 5668) under the name Dorsey Burnette, but it failed to make the charts.
Dorsey Burnette's third single on the Era Label, "The Ghost of Billy Malloo"/"Red Roses" (Era 3025) was released on August 29, 1960 but unlike its predecessors, it failed to enter the charts. His final release for the Era label that year was "This Hotel"/"The River And The Mountain" (Era 3033), which was released on November 7, 1960, but it also failed to become a hit. In 1961, he had two single releases on Era Records, "Hard Rock Mine"/"(It's No) Sin" (Era 3041), released February 27, 1961 and "Great Shakin' Fever"/"That's Me Without You" (Era 3045) released April 24, 1961. These singles failed to become hits and in May 1961, Herb Newman of Era Records sold Dorsey's contract together with the masters of his last two Era recording sessions to Dot Records, whose biggest recording artist at that time was Pat Boone.
Dorsey had three singles released during his time with Dot. The first was "Rainin'"/"A Full House" (Dot 45-16230) released May 1961, followed by "Feminine Touch"/"Sad Boy" (Dot 45-16265) released September 25, 1961 and finally "Dying Ember"/"A Country Boy In The Army" (Dot 45-16305) released January 1962. None of these releases caught the public's ear and he was released at the end of his six-month contract. From here, he moved to Reprise Records, the label owned at that time by Frank Sinatra. At Reprise, Dorsey worked with producer Jimmy Bowen and arranger Jack Nitzche and had two single releases in 1962. "Castle in the Sky"/"The Boys Kept Hangin' Around" (Reprise R-20,093) was released on June 30, 1962 and "I'm Waitin' For Ya Baby"/"Darling Jane" (Reprise R-20,121) was released October 27, 1962. Neither single was a hit. During 1963, he had four singles releases on Reprise. The first was "Foolish Pride"/"Four For Texas" (Reprise R-20,146) released February 23, 1963, which was followed by "Hey Sue"/"It Don't Take Much" (Reprise R-20,153), released March 9, 1963 then "Invisible Chains/Pebbles" (Reprise R-20,177) released May 9, 1963. His final release was "Where's The Lonely Girl?"/"One of The Lonely" (Reprise R-20,208) released August 24, 1963. To coincide with this single, Imperial released "Circle Rock"/"House With A Tin Roof Top" (Imperial 5987) in August 1963. None of these singles reached the charts and so he moved on to the Mel-O-Dy label, a subsidiary of Motown Records. The label's early releases were soul oriented and included tracks by Lamont Dozier, The Vells (Martha and the Vandellas) and The Pirates (The Temptations).
The single "The Greatest Love"/"Thin Little, Simple Little, Plain Little Girl" (Liberty 56087) was released in late 1968 and was in "hitbound" status on some radio stations as of December 25, 1968.
Johnny Burnette's death
Three months later Dorsey Burnette suffered a family tragedy from which, according to most sources, he never fully recovered. On August 14, 1964, his brother Johnny had gone out on a fishing trip on Clear Lake, California. After dark, his tiny unlit fishing boat was struck by an unaware cabin cruiser and the impact threw him into the lake where he drowned. Dorsey was distraught and he telephoned Paul Burlison, who immediately flew out to comfort him. The two men renewed their friendship and Johnny Burnette was interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. His last two Mel-O-Dy singles, "Jimmy Brown"/"Everybody’s Angel" (Mel-O-Dy 116) released October 1964 and "Long Long Time Ago"/"Ever Since The World Began" (Mel-O-Dy 118) released in November 1964 failed to make the charts. The label was discontinued in April 1965 and from then on Dorsey recorded without luck on a series of labels such as Liberty, Merri, Happy Tiger, Music Factory, Smash (where he re-recorded "Tall Oak Tree"), Mercury, Hickory and Condor, which released "The Magnificent Sanctuary Band"/"Can't You See It Happening" (Condor FF-1005) on February 7, 1970.
By the 1970s Dorsey had become a born-again Christian and had returned to country material. He found success on the country charts with self-penned songs such as "In The Spring (The Roses Always Turn Red)" (Capitol 3307; 1972; No. 21), "I Just Couldn't Let Her Walk Away" (Capitol 3404; 1972; No. 40), "Darlin’" (Capitol 3678; 1973; No. 26), "Molly (I Ain't Getting' Any Younger)" (Melodyland 6007: 1975; No. 28) and "Things I Treasure" (Calliope 8004; 1977; No. 31). He was voted “Most Promising Newcomer” by the Academy of Country Music in 1973 and in all, he had 15 Top Country hits but none of them made the Top 20.
During the 1970s, Dorsey turned to the big screen. In 1974, he was credited with writing the songs for the film, Bootleggers (also known as Bootleggers Angel). In 1976 he helped compose the music, with Mike Curb and Duane Eddy, for Dixie Dynamite. In 1977, he was credited as the composer of the original music for the sound track of the horror movie, Kingdom of the Spiders. In 1978, he was credited with singing the title song of the movie, My Boys Are Good Boys, as well as co-writing the song in collaboration with Doug Goodwin.
In 1979, he signed with Elektra/Asylum label. Just after his first record release, however, he died of a massive heart attack at his home in Canoga Park, California on August 19, 1979, aged 46. He is interred near his brother, Johnny and their parents at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California in Ascension, Lot 8319, Space 4.
Final public performance
Dorsey last appeared in public on August 18, 1979 at The Performing Arts Center in Oxnard, California. He played a half-hour show at a benefit for the Arthritis Foundation the day before he died.
Patrick Landreville who played the final show with Dorsey stated
Most people that play benefits for national or international charities get paid for their performances, at the least their expenses are paid. But Dorsey and I choose to play for free at these affairs, though neither one of us is well off financially. Dorsey is a legendary figure in music and could command a hefty sum for his services but he's chosen to give, not to take. I'm proud to know him and to have had the opportunity to make music with him and I'm especially proud that he considers me his peer.
After his death, singer and friend, Delaney Bramlett organized a benefit concert for Dorsey’s widow at The Forum in Inglewood, California, in which Kris Kristofferson, Hoyt Axton, Tanya Tucker, Glen Campbell, Edward James Olmos, Duane Eddy, Delaney and Bonnie, Gary Busey, Maureen McGovern and Roger Miller appeared. Dorsey Burnette's pioneering contribution to the genre has been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.
|1960||Tall Oak Tree||—||Era|
|1963||Dorsey Burnette Sings||—||Dot|
|1963||Country Sound, City Sound||—||Canadian Point|
|1969||Dorsey Burnette's Greatest Hits||—||Era|
|1972||Here & Now||37||Capitol|
|1977||This is Dorsey Burnette||—||MC|
|1977||Things I Treasure||—||Calliope|
|1979||Tall Oak Tree||—||Koala|
|1979||Golden Hits of Dorsey Burnette||—||Gusto|
|1960||"(There Was A) Tall Oak Tree"||—||23||—||—||Tall Oak Tree|
|"Hey Little One"||—||48||—||—|
|"Big Rock Candy Mountain"||—||102||—||—|
|"The Ghost of Billy Malloo"||—||103||—||—||single only|
|1961||"Feminine Touch"||—||117||—||—||Dorsey Burnette Sings|
|1969||"The Greatest Love"||—||67||—||57||single only|
|1972||"In the Spring (The Roses Always Turn Red)"||21||—||—||—||Here & Now|
|"I Just Couldn't Let Her Walk Away"||40||—||—||—|
|"Lonely to Be Alone"||—||—||—||—|
|1973||"I Let Another Good One Get Away"||42||—||—||—||Dorsey Burnette|
|"Keep Out of My Dreams"||53||—||—||—|
|"Darlin' (Don't Come Back)" (with Sound Company)||26||—||31||—|
|1974||"It Happens Every Time" (with Sound Company)||85||—||—||—|
|"Bob, All the Playboys and Me" (with Sound Company)||69||—||—||—||singles only|
|"Daddy Loves You Honey"||62||—||—||—|
|"What Ladies Can Do (When They Want To)"||71||—||—||—|
|1975||"Molly (I Ain't Gettin' Any Younger)"||28||—||36||—|
|"Lyin' in Her Arms Again"||97||—||—||—|
|1976||"Ain't No Heartbreak"||74||—||45||—|
|1977||"Things I Treasure"||31||—||—||—||Things I Treasure|
|"Soon as I Touched Her"||53||—||—||—|
|1979||"Here I Go Again"||77||—||—||—||singles only|
- "Dorsey Burnette - Biography | Billboard". www.billboard.com. Retrieved 2015-12-26.
- Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris; Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2003-01-01). All Music Guide to Country: The Definitive Guide to Country Music. Backbeat Books. ISBN 9780879307608.
- Discography of Mel-o-dy Records' early releases
- tim warden. "KGB 1360 San Diego Survey 12/25/68". Las-solanas.com. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
- "The Burnettes". www.history-of-rock.com. Retrieved 2015-12-26.
- "Dorsey Burnette (1932 - 1979) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 2015-12-25.
- "Johnny Burnette (1934 - 1964) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
- "Dorsey W Burnette (1902 - 1963) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
- "Mae Burnette (1898 - 1979) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
- "Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, CA". www.nndb.com. Retrieved 2015-12-26.
- Whitburn, Joel (2011). Top Pop Singles 1955–2010. Record Research, Inc. p. 128. ISBN 0-89820-188-8.
- Dorsey Burnette at AllMusic
- Johnny Burnette's Rock 'n' Roll Trio - general info.
- Survey of American Popular Music by Frank Hoffmann – Dorsey and Johnny Burnette – For General Background information, studying for electrician’s license, Ricky Nelson connection, details of post 1970 single releases
- Motown Records by LG Nilsson - For details of Mel-O-Dy Records and its artists
- Dorsey Burnette – names of later record labels
- Dorsey Burnette at the Internet Movie Database
- Dorsey Burnette discography at Discogs
- Dorsey Burnette at Find a Grave | <urn:uuid:0dd0b1bd-55fe-4f9d-90e8-7a23947b43b3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsey_Burnette | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00502-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956749 | 5,544 | 1.507813 | 2 |
New information from fans who were at Hillsborough on the day of the disaster could play a vital role in bringing criminal charges.
Police watchdog the IPCC has launched a witness appeal calling for up to 12,000 supporters to come forward.
The fans gave accounts of the tragedy to West Midlands Police, the force which was appointed to investigate the disaster in 1989.
Differences have emerged between the information presented by West Midlands and other statements which appear to have been from the same fans.
The IPCC now wants to hear from those witnesses again to establish how the discrepancies occurred.
Deputy chair Deborah Glass said: "Witness evidence will be vital in helping to bring charges against any person or organisation found to be responsible.
“It will be difficult for you to put your trust in the establishment after being let down so often in the past. It will be difficult for you to believe that after 24 years what you say can make a difference.
“But we need your help. And your help will make a difference."
Neither Ms Glass nor senior investigator Chris Mahaffey would confirm the numbers of statements believed to have been changed or the scale of the alterations, though they are understood to relate to handwritten accounts subsequently converted into statements by West Midlands Police.
A special web form will be online at www.ipcc.gov.UK/Hillsborough-witness-appeal for witnesses to complete.
Mr Mahaffey said information provided through the form would allow his team to prioritise possible interviews with affected fans.
A helpline has also been set up on 0300 200 0003 .
Making a direct appeal to witnesses, Ms Glass said: "Families have told me they don't want the next generation to suffer the way they have - they don't want their children to still be looking for answers. So we need to deliver the definitive account. We can't do that without your help.
“We know thousands of people gave eyewitness accounts to that investigation. We want to speak to those people about their experiences of dealing with West Midlands Police.
“We also know some of you have never been able to give your account. This is your opportunity." | <urn:uuid:16e1aca5-7934-404d-a5de-beb05cb81d01> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/incoming/hillsborough-police-watchdog-appeals-12000-6039906 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00389-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970151 | 446 | 1.671875 | 2 |
#22 in the Wexford series
All of his working life Reg Wexford has thought he has known of an unconvicted killer. When he was a young police officer, a young woman, Elsie Carroll, was found murdered. Her husband George, who always proclaimed his innocence, was charged with her murder, brought to trial, convicted, and then freed on appeal because of the judge's misdirection of the jury. Wexford's bosses were convinced they had got the right person, but Reg Wexford thought he knew better. He was convinced that a smug little man, Eric Targo, was the real murderer. Reg just didn't know why. When another woman was found murdered, again Reg was convinced Targo had something to do with it, he just couldn't work out the connection.
This was the beginning of a strange relationship between Wexford and Targo. Wexford becomes convinced that Targo is stalking him. And then Targo disappears from Reg's life. Now Targo has come back.
THE MONSTER IN THE BOX has an interesting structure. Much of it consists of a conversation between Wexford and his deputy Burden, in which Wexford describes all of the times Targo has apppeared his life and why he became convinced that Targo was stalking him. The author uses the novel as a vehicle to reveal to the reader a lot of personal detail from Wexford's life: his early days in the police force, his courtship of his wife Dora. The time frame must go back nearly four decades, and times when Burden has been part of that timeline are pinpointed. As the timeline gets closer to the present, it is clear there will be a more modern incident involving Targo. Wexford is convinced he is a psychopathic killer.
I found the time layers of this novel a little confusing.
The following passage Wexford and Burden getting together for the first time for Wexford to relate his story:
They chose the Olive and Dove, the little room called the snug which over the years they had made almost their own. Of course others used it, as the yellow-stained ceiling and lingering smell of a million cigarettes bore witness. In a few years' time a smoking ban would come in, the walls and ceiling be redecorated, new curtains hung at the clouded wondows and ashtrays banished, but in the late nineties there was no hint of that. Outside the window it was mostly young people who could be seen sitting at the tables under coloured umbrellas on the Olive's veranda, for the evening was as mild as the day had been, while their elders crowded into the saloon bar. All those people or those who succeeded them would ten years in the future be obliged to huddle on that verandah, rain or shine, snow or fog, if they wanted ot smoke.
I re-read this passage several times to make sure I had got the time frame correct. I've put the clue I picked up in bold.
In fact, Rendell had me reading a few passages in THE MONSTER IN THE BOX several times. That might get the thumbs down from some readers.
Ruth Rendell announced last year that THE MONSTER IN THE BOX is her last Wexford novel. If it is, then I am disappointed, because even though it does survey all of Reg's life, it doesn't feel to me he has gone out on the high that I wanted.
Mind you, it is still a good read. My rating 4.7
You might like to check this post: Forgotten book: FROM DOON WITH DEATH.
Other reviews to check:
"the strength of this author’s writing is such that it does not matter if some elements of the novel are a bit predictable, because it is so full of rich (but lightly presented) detail, with so many very astute observations about the changes in society over the past 50 years during which this series has been written, that one is simply held to the pages, until the last one is turned."
- Random Jottings:
"this book ... has an elegiac quality to it"
Don't forget she writes as Barbara Vine too. | <urn:uuid:5cdbc7aa-5fcb-4040-bb77-c16df17d9ecd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://paradise-mysteries.blogspot.com/2010/07/review-monster-in-box-ruth-rendell.html?showComment=1280092469995 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00351-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984634 | 878 | 1.6875 | 2 |
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Anger is a healthy emotion that all humans experience. Anger is a way for us to tell if we are in danger and allows us to respond quickly.
Much has been written about anger and how it is sometimes repressed because it is not safe to express it, such as in a dysfunctional home. This article will be no different as we explore repressed anger, its reasons, and how to mitigate its effects on your life.
What is a Dysfunctional Home?
If you now live with complex post-traumatic stress disorder in your life, you likely lived in a dysfunctional home as a child.
A dysfunctional home is characterized by adult family members being subject to conflict, misbehavior, neglect, or abuse perpetrated against their children. Relationships in the dysfunctional home are tense and filled with yelling, screaming, and out-of-control anger.
The expression of healthy anger by children in a dysfunctional home is forbidden and even dangerous. These children will grow up with unexpressed anger seething below the surface and haunting their adult lives.
Unexpressed anger, as we shall see later, becomes repressed but does not disappear — instead, it goes underground.
What is Anger and How Does It Feel?
As stated, when expressed appropriately, anger is a healthy emotion. You might feel anger when you experience or feel:
Anger is not a destructive emotion deserving of punishment; instead, it is a valuable emotion that helps us cope with our ever-changing world. Anger helps us identify problems that may hurt us, motivates us to change, and keeps us moving toward our goals. When our safety is threatened, anger prepares us to defend ourselves by giving us an extra burst of energy as part of the fight/flight/freeze response.
Most folks experience anger and can manage it like any other emotion. They learn healthy ways to recognize anger and deal with it. Managing anger is vital to a person’s mental and physical health.
Anger feels different to different people, but below are some physical and emotional effects that tell you that you are angry.
A tightness in your chest
A churning in your stomach
Your legs might feel weak
You experience a pounding, rapid heartbeat
Your muscles feel tense
You might feel hot
You suddenly need to go to the restroom
You sweat, especially on your palms
You might shake or tremble
You feel dizzy
You feel tense and unable to relax
You feel resentful toward someone
You may feel guilty about something
You are easily irritated
You feel humiliated
Many other effects tell you that you are angry; too many to list here.
What is Repressed Anger?
Repressed anger is anger that is unintentionally avoided by a person who grew up in a dysfunctional home to keep from feeling uncomfortable feelings related to the past. People who live with repressed anger do not know what their anger feels like and make statements like, “I never get angry” because they are unaware they are feeling it.
People have repressed anger because of situations where they felt upset, stressed, or like they were being taken advantage of. There are many ways people respond to repressed anger; below are some signs you might harbor repressed anger.
You never feel angry; however, you feel deeply sad or depressed
You overuse sarcasm or cynicism
You are uncomfortable with conflict or confrontation
You feel guilty, deeply ashamed, or evil when you get angry
You hold grudges and ruminate on things that upset you
You ignore things and people that bother or upset you rather than handling them
You feel bitter, envious, or resentful toward people
You experience chronic muscle tension and headaches
You feel uncomfortable when other people express anger
You are passive-aggressive when interacting with others
These are only a few cues that tell you that you have repressed anger and rage.
People who have suppressed anger want to subconsciously ignore or avoid it, often out of fear or shame.
The Negative Side of Repressed Anger
Repressed anger, as one may have surmised, is terrible for your physical and mental health. Anger builds up, causes many adverse effects, and affects their overall quality of life.
Indeed, repressed anger is a leading cause of the following conditions:
High blood pressure
Having a higher risk for chronic health problems
Impulsive or destructive behaviors such as substance abuse
Repressed anger does much harm without an outlet to express it, especially if it is often encountered.
Methods to Mitigating Repressed Anger
While it may seem impossible to overcome the effects of repressed anger, it is not. There are many methods to expressing anger in a healthy way that allows you to work through your emotions rather than suppress them.
The skills necessary to feel your anger at the moment instead of building it up in your mind will help you be more assertive and state how you feel and what you think. You will be more capable of getting your needs met in appropriate ways as well.
Being assertive will aid you in how you respond and help you to control your anger. It will also empower you to overcome the anger that haunts you from the past, as you will be better able to do the hard work required to overcome the effects of childhood trauma.
Anger is a reaction to an event that happens to you and your life. Anger is often an indicator that there is a problem that you need to work out. Try to pay attention to how you feel inside and what it is you want. Once you recognize where your anger started, your perception of your anger will change. You will become more able to overcome your anger by expressing it appropriately.
You can understand your anger by thinking about times in the recent past when you have felt anger. You can ask yourself the following questions.
How do you know you feel angry?
What changed in how you feel, your actions, and your body sensations, and how have your thoughts changed?
What triggered your anger?
What was your anger telling you about what you needed, wanted, or cared about?
You might find insights into your anger you never understood in answering these questions. The trauma you endured in childhood caused you to feel rage, but you were unable to express it. By exploring your anger today, you can turn on a release valve that will relieve the tremendous pressure from yesterday.
Ending Our Time Together
As a survivor of childhood trauma who is now dealing with complex post-traumatic stress disorder, you may not feel the pent-up anger you harbor from the past. It may have gone underground, and as such, it threatens you physically and emotionally.
The first step in allowing anger from the past to surface and be expressed is recognizing you are angry. While it may seem that you should know if you are angry, that is not true. You learned as a child that being angry is dangerous, and you may feel shame at expressing anger now.
To heal, the bandage that has covered the sore of anger must be removed so that it can get some air and finally close. It is not pleasant to address anger issues from the past, but the only way out is through. To be free from the abuse and trauma from the past, one must overcome the messages of the past that tell you that you haven’t the right to be angry.
Of course, you have the right to be angry. Appropriately expressed anger, once released, leaves you feeling lighter, healthier, and more in control over your life. | <urn:uuid:14dc240e-9b27-4237-ab0f-338c190870be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.learnaboutdid.com/2022/06/10/feeling-the-anger-you-were-denied-in-childhood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.958176 | 1,589 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Career and Education Opportunities for Mechanical Engineering Technicians in Mesquite, Texas
Mechanical engineering technicians can find both educational opportunities and jobs in the Mesquite, Texas area. Currently, 5,090 people work as mechanical engineering technicians in Texas. This is expected to grow by 19% to 6,060 people by 2016. This is better than the national trend for mechanical engineering technicians, which sees this job pool shrinking by about 1.4% over the next eight years. Mechanical engineering technicians generally apply theory and principles of mechanical engineering to modify, develop, and test machinery and equipment under direction of engineering staff or physical scientists.
Mechanical engineering technicians earn approximately $24 per hour or $50,380 per year on average in Texas. Nationally they average about $23 hourly or $48,130 annually. Earnings for mechanical engineering technicians are better than earnings in the general category of Engineering Technologies in Texas and not quite as good as general Engineering Technologies category earnings nationally. Jobs in this field include: manufacturing engineer, equipment engineer, and brinell tester.
There is one school within twenty-five miles of Mesquite where you can study to be a mechanical engineering technician, among seventy-six schools of higher education total in the Mesquite area. Mechanical engineering technicians usually hold a high school diploma or GED, so you can expect to spend only a short time training to become a mechanical engineering technician if you already have a high school diploma.
CAREER DESCRIPTION: Mechanical Engineering Technician
In general, mechanical engineering technicians apply theory and principles of mechanical engineering to modify, develop, and test machinery and equipment under direction of engineering staff or physical scientists.
Mechanical engineering technicians inspect project instructions and specifications to pinpoint, modify and plan requirements. They also consider changes in layouts, method of manufacture and assembly, and drafting techniques with staff and then direct corrections. Finally, mechanical engineering technicians inspect project instructions and blueprints to ascertain test specifications and objectives, and test nature of technical problems such as redesign.
Every day, mechanical engineering technicians are expected to be able to listen to and understand others in meetings. They need to articulate ideas and problems.
It is important for mechanical engineering technicians to read dials and meters to establish amperage, voltage, electrical output and input at specific operating temperature to analyze parts performance. They are often called upon to talk with technicians and submit reports of test results to engineering department and recommend layout or material changes. They also analyze test results in relation to layout or rated specifications and test objectives, and modify or adjust apparatus to meet specifications. They are sometimes expected to record test procedures and results, numerical and graphical data, and recommendations for changes in product or test methods. Somewhat less frequently, mechanical engineering technicians are also expected to inspect lines and figures for clarity and return erroneous drawings to designer for correction.
Mechanical engineering technicians sometimes are asked to estimate cost factors including labor and material for purchased and fabricated parts and costs for assembly or installing. They also have to be able to inspect lines and figures for clarity and return erroneous drawings to designer for correction And finally, they sometimes have to analyze test results in relation to layout or rated specifications and test objectives, and modify or adjust apparatus to meet specifications.
Like many other jobs, mechanical engineering technicians must be reliable and be thorough and dependable.
Similar jobs with educational opportunities in Mesquite include:
- Civil Engineering Technician. Apply theory and principles of civil engineering in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of structures and facilities under the direction of engineering staff or physical scientists.
- Electronics Engineering Technician. Lay out, build, and modify developmental and production electronic components, parts, and systems, such as computer equipment, missile control instrumentation, electron tubes, and machine tool numerical controls, applying principles and theories of electronics, electrical circuitry, engineering mathematics, electronic and electrical testing, and physics. Usually work under direction of engineering staff.
- Equipment Engineering Technician. Apply electrical theory and related knowledge to test and modify developmental or operational electrical machinery and electrical control equipment and circuitry in industrial or commercial plants and laboratories. Usually work under direction of engineering staff.
- Industrial Engineering Technician. Apply engineering theory and principles to problems of industrial layout or manufacturing production, usually under the direction of engineering staff. May study and record time, motion, and speed involved in performance of production, maintenance, and other worker operations for such purposes as establishing standard production rates or improving efficiency.
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES: Mechanical Engineering Technician Training
CCI Training Center - Arlington, TX
CCI Training Center, 770 E. Road To Six Flags # 140, Arlington, TX 76011. CCI Training Center is a small school located in Arlington, Texas. It is a private for-profit school with primarily less-than 2-year programs and has 66 students. CCI Training Center has a less than one year program in Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician which graduated eighty-two students in 2008.
Certified Forensic Claims Consultant : AACE International's Certified Forensic Claims Consultant (CFCC) certification program is designed to establish credentials to recognize your professional expertise.
For more information, see the AACE International (Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering through total cost management) website.
Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing Professional - Technologist: ASME GDTP Certification provides the means to recognize proficiency in the understanding and application of the geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) principles expressed in the ASME Y14.
For more information, see the American Society of Mechanical Engineers International website.
Certified Manufacturing Technologist: This certification primarily benefits new manufacturing engineers and experienced manufacturers without other credentials.
For more information, see the Society of Manufacturing Engineers website.
LOCATION INFORMATION: Mesquite, Texas
Mesquite is situated in Dallas County, Texas. It has a population of over 132,123, which has grown by 6.1% in the past ten years. The cost of living index in Mesquite, 89, is well below the national average. New single-family homes in Mesquite cost $155,500 on average, which is well below the state average. In 2008, sixty-four new homes were constructed in Mesquite, down from one hundred thirty-two the previous year.
The three most popular industries for women in Mesquite are health care, educational services, and finance and insurance. For men, it is construction, professional, scientific, and technical services, and administrative and support and waste management services. The average travel time to work is about 29 minutes. More than 18.5% of Mesquite residents have a bachelor's degree, which is lower than the state average. The percentage of residents with a graduate degree, 5.5%, is lower than the state average.
The unemployment rate in Mesquite is 8.2%, which is greater than Texas's average of 8.1%.
The percentage of Mesquite residents that are affiliated with a religious congregation, 55.1%, is more than the national average but less than the state average. Pentecostal Church of God Christian Assembly, Central Assembly of God Church and Prairie Creek Bible Baptist Church are among the churches located in Mesquite. The most common religious groups are the Catholic Church, the Southern Baptist Convention and the United Methodist Church.
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AccuWeather Lets You Check Weather Forecast in VR
Looking at the weather report is no longer a boring experience if you are able to check the entire forecast for the week in Virtual Reality using AccuWeather.
AccuWeather – Weather for Life
Checking the weather in VR might sound a bit too much and particularly unfeasible if you need to take a quick look before going out, but it is actually a nice and interesting experience if you have the time for it. AccuWeather will make your daily weather forecast an immersive experience if you happen to possess a Samsung Gear VR headset. The new app offers VR weather news, forecasts, and even some 360-degree videos of extraordinary weather events.
No one is ever too excited about weather forecasts as to feel the desire to watch it in Virtual Reality, but it’s always nice to have these features because you never know when they can be useful. The applications basically show you the temperature, humidity, and Ultraviolet index charts but you may feel more attracted to the 360-degrees videos full of weather action such as tornadoes and blizzards.
“Immerse yourself in an array of weather animations like stormy rain, snow, thunderstorms, and clouds, all which can be accessed either through a secret weather feature called WeatherScape, or experienced during one of your daily forecasts.”
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The menopause symptoms that you may be experiencing are more common than you think and there are solutions available.
The onset of menopause becomes top-of-mind for many women as they age. Wondering how to manage the night sweats, mood swings and hot flashes or if there is anything that you can do to minimize the uncomfortable effects.
During menopause, the ovaries begin to make less of the hormone estrogen, which eventually leads to a woman no longer menstruating. As the body begins to adjust to these hormonal changes, it is often accompanied by uncomfortable symptoms.
Common Symptoms of Menopause Include:
- Emotional and Mood Changes
- Hot Flashes and Night Sweats
- Vaginal Dryness
- Low Libido
- Sleep Disturbances
Maintaining a healthy and balanced lifestyle is key to helping you transition away from menstruation, however, sometimes you need a bit more.
Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy (BHRT): introduces hormones, usually testosterone or estrogen, that are identical to those produced in the body to restore your hormone levels to normal. BHRT can be administered via pellets, creams, injections or suppositories. Achieving optimal hormone levels has been shown to improve libido, mood, sleep disturbances and body-temperature regulation.
Lifestyle Changes for Women’s Health and Well-Being During Menopause
You want to look and feel your best, from the inside out. Whether you have a specific concern, like one of the above, or you want to lead a healthier lifestyle to prevent drastic menopause symptoms – there are options to have you feeling your best.
There are several therapies designed to work with your body’s natural systems and optimize health, nutrient absorption, reduce inflammation and provide ongoing support of your health goals.
IV Therapy: is a quick and efficient way to get essential vitamins and nutrients directly into your bloodstream for absorption. IV therapy can be customized to your unique needs and can be incorporated as an ongoing therapy for whenever you need a boost.
Diet & Nutrition Counseling: having a plan and a dedicated health advisor to help keep you accountable is key to making lasting change. Set yourself up for success with a personalized plan that meets your body’s unique nutritional needs and guidance every step of the way.
Dietary Supplements – Nutraceuticals: incorporating professional-grade supplements can ensure you receive essential nutrients and assist in achieving optimal health.
A balanced body is a healthy body – and sometimes you need help to achieve the optimal balance unique to you!
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When you've got large pieces of sawdust lying around after a woodwork project, instead of sweeping them away, get artistic with them. In this tutorial, you'll learn how to arrange sawdust in a decorative and innovative way that allows you to experiment with your artistic flair.
Sourcing the Sawdust
Coloring the Sawdust
1Pour a little poster paint into a glass or jar of water. For the best effect, try different colors in different jars.
2Put the sawdust curls into the colored water. If using different colors, add a few curls to each jar of water.
3Remove the curls once you feel they have adequately colored. Place the damp, colored sawdust on a newspaper so that the color doesn't spread. Let dry.
4When the sawdust dries, it is ready to be added to the display (see next). It's a good idea to keep back some naturally colored sawdust curls to mix in with the colored curls, as this breaks up the color and makes for a more interesting effect.
Decorating with the Colored Sawdust
1Select a suitable glass vase, tumbler or bowl for display.
2Arrange the sawdust in the chosen vessel. The images show two different possible ways of displaying the colored and natural sawdust curls:
3Place the filled vessel on display. Suitable places for display include on the dining table, on a windowsill or any other place where it is safe from falling off or breaking.
- Glitter can added to create a shinier look.
- Other embellishments like buttons, plastic and paper flowers, etc., can be added for decorative effect.
- Food coloring could be used in place of the poster paints. Use only 2-3 drops though; you can always add more if needed.
Things You'll Need
- Glass vase, tumbler or a bowl for display
- Sawdust curls, large and in good form
- Poster paints, in different colors suited to your theme
- Water (and a vessel such as a jar or glass for holding it)
- Newspaper for covering your workspace surface | <urn:uuid:e15719f0-e977-49c6-ad1c-69ca954a676e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Vase-Decorative-Using-Sawdust | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00084-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905301 | 442 | 2.453125 | 2 |
It seems to me like it has become a global phenomenon to produce movies from books. The Harry Potter books were so well received that developing them into movies was the natural course of action. This fall, part one to Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows will be entering the theater and I can only assume that it will be huge. Right now, the Twilight Saga: Eclipse is in theaters and making big big big bucks. According to boxofficemojo.com it made $64,832,191 in just the opening weekend alone. Worldwide to date, it has grossed $645, 548,358 and that is only for being in the theaters for a little over a month. Crazy! Just as a side note, The Twilight Saga: New Moon is in third spot for one of the highest grossing films for opening weekend with $152,839,137.
Within the top 10 grossing films of all time, five of those films were literary inspired. Those being, LOTR: The Return of the King, Alice in Wonderland, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, HP and Order of the Phoenix, and HP and the Half Blood Prince. (boxofficemojo.com)
Over the past ten years, there have been multiple movies that were derived from literature. Here are a some of them:
The Kite Runner, Shutter Island, Dear John, The Davinci Code, Confessions of a Shopaholic, The Road, Sherlock Holmes, The Devil Wears Prada, Secret Window, Chronicles of Narnia, & Bridget Jones’s Diary among many many many others.
Is it just me thinking this, or has this become the way to make movies? Are book writers becoming the new movie writers? I pose the question, what is your opinion on books made into movies? Do you think that producers should be able to use their creative license and change the story completely to the point where the book no longer stands in its originality? Do you ever get mad when your favorite book is slaughtered on the big screen or do you think it is alright for the movie to be tweaked? What do you think of making a profit off of merchandising off of a film made from a book (ie: t-shirt)?
Books made into Movies: What say you? | <urn:uuid:dd716847-e1e7-477f-8884-41e3a336775c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://juliawritingjewelsking.blogspot.com/2010/08/books-made-into-movies-what-say-you.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00065-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966547 | 476 | 1.5 | 2 |
Roweena Stewart: I think both. Both have come from backgroungds of voluntary work, both have the desire to help, which is also part of the recruitment process. My belief is that German volunteers sometimes have other expectations of what their volunteer activities will be , opposed to the realities. All countries have different ways of doing things, and this takes time to comprehend and accept. Some come because they heard that it is a beautiful country, some because they really want to change something. German volunteers are often very organized, very functional, very business-like, for being a young person, but they have to comprehend that the Southern African region do not in the same manner as Germany. They do get to develop a sense of tolerance and acceptance towards our way of doing things a nd therefore I believe that they become more tolerant once they go back home. They pick up this valuable soft skill, and a lot of them are afraid they are going to lose it on their return in Germany. | <urn:uuid:d66165bd-ae0f-46be-a1f0-5bf78362ed23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://daj.engagement-global.de/interview-with-roweena-stewart.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.985357 | 201 | 1.8125 | 2 |
|Did you know ...||Search Documentation:|
|Compilation using the -c command line option|
This mechanism loads a series of Prolog source files and then creates a saved state as qsave_program/2 does. The command syntax is:
% swipl [option ...] [-o output] -c file.pl ...
For example, to create a stand-alone executable that starts by
executing main/0 and for which the source is loaded through
load.pl, use the command
% swipl --goal=main --stand_alone=true -o myprog -c load.pl
This performs exactly the same as executing
% swipl <banner> ?- [load]. ?- qsave_program(myprog, [ goal(main), stand_alone(true) ]). ?- halt. | <urn:uuid:e0bc4d55-4361-4f25-b2fa-441f58c74907> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eu.swi-prolog.org/pldoc/man?section=cmdlinecomp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.687686 | 190 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Last week Louisiana-based shipbuilder Metal Shark announced that the U.S. Marine Corps had selected them to develop a Long Range Unmanned Surface Vessel (LRUSV), an 11-meter robot boat capable of operating autonomously and launching loitering munitions to attack targets at sea and on land. The unmanned boat is just the latest of a series of new platforms for launching drone swarms.
“This tiered, scalable weapons system will provide the ability to accurately track and destroy targets at range throughout the battlespace,” according to Metal Shark’s press release.
Loitering munitions, otherwise known as kamikaze drones, differ from other weapons in being relatively slow but able to patrol an area for a prolonged period looking for targets before identifying, selecting and attacking them.
The LRUSV is much smaller than the flagship Sea Hunter unmanned experimental vessel and the Navy’s Overlord robot transport but shares many of their goals. Like them, the LRUSV is supposed to travel the sea lanes without direct human supervision, sailing safely with other vessels. Unlike them it will “collaboratively interact with other vessels as a cluster,” suggesting that numbers of LRUSV would be deployed together. Such a cluster could unleash a swarm of dozens, hundreds or even thousands of small drones to overwhelm a target. (And while they might not be able to sink a warship, knocking out radar and defensive systems would leave it an easy target for other weapons).
Raytheon previously developed low-cost swarming drones based on their proven Coyote under the U.S. Navy’s LOCUST program in 2015. The goal was for a swarm which would work together collaboratively as a unit – and which would collectively cost less than a single missile. By 2016, 30 of the 13-pound drones were flying together, but the swarm size is likely to have increased significantly since. | <urn:uuid:48976c87-6863-4f26-ae77-e971fd6b15b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.blacklistednews.com/article/79199/robot-motherships-to-launch-drone-swarms-from-sea-underwater-air-and.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.965001 | 392 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Show all 3 images
The short hike leads from Filisur station along the road to the second railway underpass. Then the path follows the railway line and through the forest to the viewing platform above the Landwasser viaduct. From there you can enjoy a great view of the building. In addition, panels provide information about the construction of the viaduct, which is considered the landmark of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Rhaetian Railway in the Albula/Bernina Landscape". The construction of the three main pillars of the viaduct in 1901/1902 was an architectural masterpiece, because they were built without scaffolding with two cranes.
Every hour on the hour you will have the opportunity to photograph the Rhaetian Railway as it travels over the 142 m long and 65 m high bridge and disappears into the tunnel in the vertical rock face or emerges from it. The way back to Filisur is again on the same path.
Responsible for this content Bergün Filisur Tourismus.
This content has been translated automatically.
This website uses technology and content from the Outdooractive platform. | <urn:uuid:d77669bb-479a-4e63-802d-058385a7ea9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.graubuenden.ch/en/tours/landwasserviadukt-aussichtsplattform | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.917454 | 255 | 1.875 | 2 |
Local Gov’t Stories, Events
Ref. : Civic Events
Ref. : Arts & Education Events
Ref. : Public Service Notices
01.15 Stoop stories
Books, Films, Arts & Education
Ref. : Letters to the editor
Health Care & Environment
01.23 President Trump Takes Immediate Aim at Obama’s Climate Action Plan [immoral actions that will directly shorten or end life for greater fossil fuel profit]
01.19 Tom Price’s Obamacare obfuscation: Trump’s health secretary nominee previews how GOP plans to sell an ACA “replacement” [if you're poor, screw you!]
01.19 Donald Trump’s mission? To keep the US in the fossil age [videos]
01.18 Exxon doubling Permian Basin holdings in U.S. for up to $6.6 billion [preparations are in place to quickly maximize fossil fuel extraction, pollution and life-threatening greed]
News Media Matters
01.22 TODAY, WE MARCH 01.21 Lest We Forget [23:31 video & transcript]
01.22 TODAY, WE MARCH
01.21 Lest We Forget [23:31 video & transcript]
WHEN DOES THE CORPORATE-GOVERNMENT RELATIONSHIP BECOME FASCISM?
Plan Colombia Heads for Mexico
The Security and Prosperity Partnership (SPP) - a.k.a. the North American Union - was planned behind closed doors by mainly US corporate giants to create an unregulated continent allowing for maximum profits. Current leaders of the United States, Canada and Mexico support it, ultimately to result in the three nations becoming one. Plan Mexico is the next step to implement the SPP scheme.
It's called "Plan Mexico," or more formally the "Merida Initiative," and here's the scheme. It's to do for Mexicans what Plan Colombia has done to that nation since 1999, and, in fact, much earlier. Since then, billions have gone for the following:
Plan Colombia turned the country into a dependable, profitable narco-state. Business is better than ever. Violence is out of control and human rights abuses are appalling.
It gets worse. Two-thirds of Columbians are impoverished. Over 2.5 million peasant and urban slum dwellers have been displaced. Thousands of trade unionists have been murdered (more than anywhere else in the world), and many more thousands of peasants, rural teachers, and peasant and indigenous leaders have as well. Paramilitary land seizures are commonplace. Colombian latifundistas profit hugely. Wealth concentration is extreme and growing. Corruption infests the government. Many thousands in desperation are leaving. Colombia's "democracy" is a sham. So is Mexico's. Plan Mexico will make it worse. That's the whole idea, and it's part of the secretive Security and Prosperity Partnership - aka the North American Union.
It's planned behind closed doors - to militarize and annex the continent. Corporate giants are in charge, mostly US ones. The idea is for an unregulated open field for profit. The Bush administration, Canada and Mexico support it. Things are moving toward implementation. Three nations will become one. National sovereignty eliminated. Worker rights as well. Opposition is building, but moves are planned to quash it. That's the militarization part.
Business intends to win this one. People are to be exploited, not helped. That's why it's kept secret. The idea is to agree on plans, inform legislatures minimally about them, get SPP passed, then implement it with as few of its disturbing details known in hopes once they are they'll be too late to reverse.
SPP is ugly, ominous and hugely people destructive. Hundreds of millions in three countries will be affected. Others in the region as well. Plan Mexico is a contribution to the scheme. Below is what we know about it.
Plan Mexico - Exploitation Writ Large
The plan was first announced in October 2007 as a "regional security cooperation initiative." It's to provide $1.4 billion in aid (over three years) for Mexico and Central America on the pretext of fighting drugs trafficking and organized crime linked to it. FY 2008 calls for $550 million for starters with about 10% of it for Central America.
In fact, Plan Mexico is part of SPP's grand scheme to militarize the continent, let corporate predators exploit it, and keep people from three countries none the wiser. Most aid will go to Mexico's military and police forces with its major portion earmarked back to US defense contractors for equipment, training and maintenance. It's how these schemes always work.
This one includes a menu of security allocations, administrative functions, and special needs like software, forensics equipment, database compilations, plus plenty more for friendly pockets to keep our Mexican cohorts on board.
After failing on May 15, House passage will likely follow the Senate's approval on May 22 - below the radar. It's one of many appropriations tucked into the latest Iraq/Afghanistan supplemental funding request, and its purpose is just as outlandish. It will militarize Mexico without deploying US troops. It will also open the country for plunder, privatize everything including state-owned oil company PEMEX, give Washington a greater foothold there, and get around the touchy military issue by allowing in Blackwater paramilitaries instead to work with Mexican security forces.
Only privatizing PEMEX is in doubt thanks to immense citizen opposition. Thousands of "brigadistas" were in the streets, protesting outside the Senate and Chamber of Deputies, as lawmakers considered ending PEMEX state-control. They paralyzed debate and brought it to a halt - temporarily putting off a final resolution of this very contentious issue. Big Oil wants it. Most Mexicans don't. The battle continues. Mexico's military may get involved.
The US State Department describes them as follows:
Mexico's military fares little better with promises Plan Mexico will worsen it. President Calderon now deploys troops around the country. People fear them when they come. They're purportedly against drugs traffickers, but that's mostly cover. Their real purpose may be sinister - a possible dress rehearsal for martial law when SPP is implemented.
Mexican soldiers are hard line. Their reputation is unsavory. People justifiably fear them. They commit flagrant human rights abuses and get away with them. The major media even report them. The New York Times, CNN, BBC, USA Today and others cite evidence of rape, torture, killings, other human rights abuses, corruption, extortion, and ties to drugs traffickers. Little is done to stop it. Government and military spokespersons often aren't available for comment. They're part of the problem, not the solution. Plan Mexico promises more of the same and then some. Billions from Washington back it.
Social protests in the country already are criminalized. Hundreds are filling prisons. Many languish there for years. Labor and social activists are most vulnerable. Injustice and grinding poverty motivate them. Plan Mexico ups the ante. Things are about to get worse.
Militarizing society is toxic. Police state enforcement follows. Accountability disappears. The rule of law no longer applies. Plan Mexico assures it. So does SPP for the continent. In classic doublespeak, the White House claims it will "advance the productivity and competitiveness of our nations and help to protect our health, safety and environment." Its real purpose is to annex a continent, destroy its democratic remnants, lock in hard line enforcement, and secure it for capital.
SPP Backdrop of Plan Mexico
A detailed SPP explanation can be found on this 2007 article titled The Militarization and Annexation of North America -
Plan Mexico is part of SPP. It will militarize and annex the continent. It was formerly launched at a March 23, 2005 meeting in Waco, Texas attended by George Bush, Mexico's President Vincente Fox, and Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin. They forged a tripartite partnership for greater US, Canadian and Mexican economic, political, social and security integration. Secretive working groups were formed to accomplish it - to devise non-negotiable agreements to be binding on all three nations.
Details are hidden. No public input is permitted. Pro forma legislative voting is approaching. It will try to avoid a NAFTA-type battle. Legislatures aren't being fully informed. The worst of SPP is secret. It's not a treaty, and the idea is to pass it below the radar and avoid a protracted public debate.
What's known so far is disturbing, and considerable opposition has arisen but thus far too inadequate to matter. SPP, Plan Mexico, and a final continent-wide plan amount to a corporate coup d'etat against three sovereign states and hundreds of millions of people. It's to erase national borders, merge three nations into one under US control, and remove all barriers to trade and capital flows. It's also to militarize the continent, create a fortress-North America security zone, and have in place police state laws for enforcement. Billions will fund it. All for corporate gain. Nothing for public welfare.
SPP takes NAFTA and the "war on terrorism" to the next level en route to extending it further for more corporate plunder. It's based on outlandish notions - that doing business, protecting national security, and securing "public welfare" require tough new measures in a very threatening world.
SPP bolsters US control. It enhances corporate power, quashes civil liberties, erases public welfare, and creates an open field for plunder free from regulatory restraints. It's being plotted behind closed doors. A series of summits and secret meetings continue with the latest one in New Orleans from April 22 to 24.
Three presidents attended and were met by vocal street protests. They convened a "People's Summit" and also held workshops to:
Business-friendly opposition also exists. Prominent is a "Coalition to Block the North American Union." The Conservative Caucus backs it. It has a "NAU War Room." It's the "headquarters of THE national campaign to expose and halt America's absorption into a 'North American Union (NAU)' with Canada and Mexico." It opposes building "a massive, continental 'NAFTA Superhighway.' "
It has congressional allies, and on January 2007 Rep. Virgil Goode and six co-sponsors introduced House Concurrent Resolution 40. It expresses "the sense of Congress that the United States should not engage in (building a NAFTA) Superhighway System or enter into a North American Union with Mexico and Canada."
The April summit reaffirmed SPP's intentions - to create a borderless North America, dissolve national sovereignty, put corporate giants in control, and assure big US ones get most of it. Militarism is part of it. It's the reason for fortress-North America under US command. The US Northern Command (NORTHCOM) was established in October 2002 to do it. It has air, land and sea responsibility for the continent regardless of Posse Comitatus limitations that no longer apply or sovereign borders easily erased.
Homeland Security (DHS) and its Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) also have a large role. So does the FBI, CIA, all US spy agencies, militarized state and local police, National Guard forces, and paramilitary mercenaries like Blackwater USA. They're headed anywhere on the continent with license to operate as freely here as in Iraq and New Orleans post-Katrina. They'll be able to turn hemispheric streets into versions of Baghdad and make them unfit to live on if things come to that.
SPP maintains a web site. It's "key accomplishments" since August 2007 are updated on it as of April 22, 2008.
It lists principles agreed to; bilateral deals struck; negotiations concluded; study assessments released; agreements on the "Free Flow of Information;" law enforcement activities; efforts related to intellectual property, border and long-haul trucking enforcement; import licensing procedures; food and product safety issues; energy (with special focus on oil); water as well; infrastructure development; emergency management; and much more. It's all laid out in deceptively understated tones to hide its continental aim - enhanced corporate exploitation with as little public knowledge as possible.
Militarization will assure it, and consider one development up North. On February 14, 2008, the US and Canada agreed to allow American troops inside Canada. Canadians were told nothing or that the agreement was reached in 2002. Neither was it discussed in Congress or the Canadian House of Commons. It's for "bilateral integration" of military command structures in areas of immigration, law enforcement, intelligence, or whatever else the Pentagon or Washington wishes. Overall, it's part of the "war on terror" and militarizing the continent to make it "safer" for business and be prepared for any civilian opposition.
Congress may soon pass SPP, but with no knowledge of its worst provisions kept secret. It's to assure enough congressional support makes it law. Nonetheless, federal, state and local opposition is building. It ranges from private activism to vocal lawmakers. In 2008, a dozen or more states passed resolutions against SPP. Around 20 others did it in 2007. Congress began debating it last year with opposition raised on various grounds - open borders, unchecked immigration, a NAFTA Superhighway System, and the idea of giving unregulated Mexican trucks free access to US roads and cities.
There's also talk of replacing three national currencies with an "Amero." Unfortunately, little is heard about trashing the Constitution or giving corporate bosses free reign. There's even less talk about a militarized continent against dissent. SPP is a "new world order." Companies are plotting to get it. People better hope they don't. Disruptive opposition might derail them. It's building but needs more resonance to matter. Time is short and slipping away. These schemers mean business. They want our future. We can't afford to lose it.
Stephen Lendman lives in Chicago and can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org. Also visit his blog site at sjlendman.blogspot.com, and listen to The Global Research News Hour on RepublicBroadcasting.org Mondays from 11AM - 1PM US Central time.
Mr. Lendman's stories are republished in the Baltimore Chronicle with permission of the author.
Copyright © 2008 The Baltimore News Network. All rights reserved.
Republication or redistribution of Baltimore Chronicle content is expressly prohibited without their prior written consent.
Baltimore News Network, Inc., sponsor of this web site, is a nonprofit organization and does not make political endorsements. The opinions expressed in stories posted on this web site are the authors' own.This story was published on May 27, 2008.
Public Service Ads: | <urn:uuid:c42ddcd0-b4a3-4119-84d6-ff775a54adc6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.baltimorechronicle.com/2008/052708Lendman.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00032-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945832 | 3,064 | 1.828125 | 2 |
ZSL is providing emergency assistance to some of the areas worst-affected by Typhoon Haiyan and last month’s earthquake in the Philippines — areas that have been otherwise overlooked by the international relief effort.
Two massive natural disasters — a 7.2 magnitude earthquake, followed by Typhoon Haiyan, one of the worst tropical storms on record — have hit the Philippines over the past three weeks. They have caused widespread devastation across the central part of the country, including coastal communities and conservation projects run by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) and long-term partner Project Seahorse ( www.projectseahorse.org ).
These towns and villages in Bantayan (northern Cebu), Panay, and Danajon Bank — about 40 in total — have been overlooked by the national relief and recovery effort, so we have organised an emergency response based on our intimate local knowledge of the areas and strong relationships with the people there.
Early reports from our field staff indicate that over 2,000 households in Danajon Bank alone have been badly affected by the earthquake. Typhoon damage in the Bantayan Island Group in Northern Cebu and in the Ajuy and Capiz regions of Panay are extensive, with 80-100% of homes destroyed. We cannot yet begin to deduce the situation for marine resources and conservation.
See photos of the destruction and news of the relief effort so far below and at www.projectseahorse.org/blog . | <urn:uuid:2e52f91a-92b2-4f6b-8665-f0f1e79ad3da> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.zsl.org/conservation/news/double-disasters-hit-zsl-project-sites-in-the-philippines | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00127-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93486 | 302 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Even that phrase, once clever, has now become a cliche. Yesterday's wit just isn't very fresh anymore. The idea of a cliche is a very interesting one to me, because--even though most people don't seem to think of it this way--a cliche is a temporal concept. An idea or phrase doesn't become tired until it is overused, and that takes time. Similarly, once everyone is tired of that phrase or idea, the cliche often sits fallow for some number of years, decades, centuries, whatever, and then re-emerges.
Everyone objects to cliches, especially in entertainment, and this seems to distress a lot of unpublished writers. "But I want to write a book about a group of children who go through a portal and defeat a dark lord!" they cry. I saw a rather interesting discussion on this at Rachel Vater's "Lit Agent X" blog. As part of her blog, she commonly critiques her queries, listing common themes (among other strangeness) that she finds among the ones she rejects.
The problem is, a lot of the themes that she identifies as cliches (midlife crisis, woman going out on her own, etc) are things that a lot of her blog readers seem to want to write about. Ms. Vater's point, which I think isn't clear to some of her blog readers, is that such an idea can't be the sole content of the book. One great idea is almost never enough to create an entire book from in the first place, and the problem is only compounded if the idea happens to be overdone or cliche at the time of the pitch (what is cliche at the time the book is pitched might well be different from what is cliche when the book is written).
The thing to focus on, then, is having sufficient sub-plots, minor themes, and character development. All of these things are what create context and depth, and these are what really make a book great. It's all well and good to have a cool central idea--"an historian goes back in time to see the effects of the plague," for instance. But Connie Willis' DOOMSDAY BOOK wouldn't have been both a hugo and nebula winner if it wasn't for the depth of the characters (the unforgettable Kivrin, Collin, Aunt Mary, Mr. Dunworthy, and so on), all the twists and turns in the narrative (no one knows exactly what has happened, everyone is operating on various wrong assumptions, and there is both a sense of dread and mystery that compels us to press on with baited breath), and the vividness of seeing these other places and times that Willis describes.
A lot of that might seem to have little to do with overall themes or ideas, but it actually does. If books were just a single strong idea, they would only need to be a few pages long to express that idea. The novel is in the story, the characters, the interplay of multiple ideas and scenarios. A 50-word abstract of a book has to let people understand that these necessary elements exist, and that there is something new and interesting going on.
While my original description of THE DOOMSDAY BOOK is not exactly cliche, it is two dimensional. Time travel has been something of a popular topic in science fiction for a while, and "person X goes to see time Y" is not a very original idea. What might be a more appropriate description for this great book: "An historian from the future goes back in time on a routine time travel expedition, and finds herself in a dangerous situation at the same time that a mysterious illness arises in her home time." That's still not the world's best description (I'm sure Willis herself has much better ones), but it highlights the intrigue and interest and genuine newness of her story.
So, to me the actual problem is not cliches themselves, but rather what a cliche implies: a two dimensional story that we've all heard before. No depth. No imagination, just somebody imitating something else they read and liked. Not a real writer, just a starry-eyed reader that perhaps wanted to read more of story X, and so decided to write story X all over again. At least, it sounds like those are the thoughts that pass through the agents' minds when they see something they feel is cliche. You need to show with your brief description that you are a real writer, and an original thinker. You can use cliche story elements in fresh new ways in your story, but when you do that in the proper way you wind up with something else entirely: an original story. Just make sure your one-liner does it justice.
P.S. - Another thing to remember is that when querying an agent you shouldn't be coy about your ending. This isn't a book jacket. You want to convey the uniqueness of your story, and if that requires spoiling some major plot twists or ending elements, then so be it. My description of the DOOMSDAY BOOK was less interesting because I didn't reveal said major plot twists (but it's not my place to spoil someone else's book).
It happens that my brief description for THE GUARDIAN that I use in query letters does spoil rather a lot, but that's life. If I didn't do that, I'd come off with a description that was cliche, confusing, or both. As it is, the description I'm using has piqued the interest of at least two agents and one professional writer (I guess I'll find out how much that's worth later this year). | <urn:uuid:18ab10d0-dd4a-419c-9803-45f4865f1550> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://christophermpark.blogspot.com/2007/02/cliches-are-dime-dozen.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00014-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971816 | 1,166 | 1.5 | 2 |
We live in a low and dishonest age. Political considerations cause almost all politicians and vast sections of populations to refuse to make fairly obvious statements of fact about the time in which we live. I therefore take notice when someone decides to break this taboo. Max Hastings, a British historian, we see a sample of him at work in the above video, shatters one great taboo by honestly describing the process by which modern Western society all too effectively produces amoral barbarians within its midst. He begins:
If you live a normal life of absolute futility, which we can assume most of this week’s rioters do, excitement of any kind is welcome. The people who wrecked swathes of property, burned vehicles and terrorised communities have no moral compass to make them susceptible to guilt or shame.
Most have no jobs to go to or exams they might pass. They know no family role models, for most live in homes in which the father is unemployed, or from which he has decamped.
They are illiterate and innumerate, beyond maybe some dexterity with computer games and BlackBerries.
They are essentially wild beasts. I use that phrase advisedly, because it seems appropriate to young people bereft of the discipline that might make them employable; of the conscience that distinguishes between right and wrong.
They respond only to instinctive animal impulses — to eat and drink, have sex, seize or destroy the accessible property of others.
Their behaviour on the streets resembled that of the polar bear which attacked a Norwegian tourist camp last week. They were doing what came naturally and, unlike the bear, no one even shot them for it.
A former London police chief spoke a few years ago about the ‘feral children’ on his patch — another way of describing the same reality.
The depressing truth is that at the bottom of our society is a layer of young people with no skills, education, values or aspirations. They do not have what most of us would call ‘lives’: they simply exist.
Go here to read the entire column.
He ends his column with this observation:
They are an absolute deadweight upon society, because they contribute nothing yet cost the taxpayer billions. Liberal opinion holds they are victims, because society has failed to provide them with opportunities to develop their potential.
Most of us would say this is nonsense. Rather, they are victims of a perverted social ethos, which elevates personal freedom to an absolute, and denies the underclass the discipline — tough love — which alone might enable some of its members to escape from the swamp of dependency in which they live.
Only education — together with politicians, judges, policemen and teachers with the courage to force feral humans to obey rules the rest of us have accepted all our lives — can provide a way forward and a way out for these people.
They are products of a culture which gives them so much unconditionally that they are let off learning how to become human beings. My dogs are better behaved and subscribe to a higher code of values than the young rioters of Tottenham, Hackney, Clapham and Birmingham.
Unless or until those who run Britain introduce incentives for decency and impose penalties for bestiality which are today entirely lacking, there will never be a shortage of young rioters and looters such as those of the past four nights, for whom their monstrous excesses were ‘a great fire, man’.
What he decribes I see frequently in my legal practice when I am appointed by the court to represent some youthful malefactor, or appointed by the court to represent children or their parents in a case involving termination of parental rights. Hastings correctly diagnoses how this came about: children brought up by unmarried mothers where the father is absent or a completely negative influence, completely ineffective schools, almost no consequences for bad behavior, rampant drug and alcohol use. Is it small wonder that they grow up unable to distinguish right from wrong, have zero interest in obtaining a job and marrying and raising a family? Most tellingly there is also almost a complete absence of religion. When I ask clients prior to sentencing if there is a priest or minister I could call as a character witness, the response, in a small county in rural Illinois, is usually that they never attend Church.
The under class created by welfare states in the West, welfare states that are manifestly coming to an end simply because the money is running out, tend to be populated by children in adult bodies. By and large I do not blame them, since they are products of a vast experiment that has been ongoing in the West since the Sixties of the last century at a vast expense: do away with the family by taking the father out of the equation as either bread winner or primary disciplinarian for children; throw in large dollops of hedonism consisting of promiscuous sex, illegal drugs and legal alcohol; have the State dispense material benefits to people who do not work; indoctrinate them in politically correct bromides in schools good for little else; foster in them a huge sense of entitlement; and finally take God out of their lives by rendering God meaningless, a process summarized in the stinging words of H. Richard Niebuhr in describing Liberal Christianity: “A God without wrath brought men without sin into a kingdom without judgment through the ministrations of a Christ without a cross.” This whole exercise in nonsense on stilts is ending in bankruptcy, moral as well as fiscal, an outcome predicted by many critics at the dawn of these welfare states.
We have been down the wrong path for a very long time and the riots in England are merely the latest manifestation of the putrid fruits of this grand and costly mistake. Free societies cannot exist for long with these types of completely wrong headed social policies. Democracies only function well when a vast majority of the citizenry are sober and industrious and lead orderly and useful lives, for themselves, their families and communities. The words of Edmund Burke are just as true in 2011 as when he wrote them in 1791:
“Men are qualified for civil liberty in exact proportion to their disposition to put moral chains upon their own appetites, — in proportion as their love to justice is above their rapacity, — in proportion as their soundness and sobriety of understanding is above their vanity and presumption, — in proportion as they are more disposed to listen to the counsels of the wise and good, in preference to the flattery of knaves. Society cannot exist, unless a controlling power upon will and appetite be placed somewhere; and the less of it there is within, the more there must be without. It is ordained in the eternal constitution of things, that men of intemperate minds cannot be free. Their passions forge their fetters.” | <urn:uuid:f3185541-c987-4a15-a73d-e541acdec66b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://the-american-catholic.com/2011/08/15/truth-about-the-riots-in-england/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00338-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963942 | 1,390 | 1.882813 | 2 |
This new lathe will increase the efficiency of our machining requirements dramatically,
Dayton, NJ (PRWEB) May 18, 2015
The stereotype of the American foundry— steaming liquefied metal, dark, cavernous surroundings and sweating bodies— has quietly changed with technology, particularly in the tooling of smaller, complex parts for industrial equipment. The process of casting, notably the pouring of hot metal into molds, is still fundamentally the same, but there is literally some real cool stuff going on.
A case in point is something new that is available for customers of Richmond Industries, Inc., who operates in a 40,000-square-feet facility in Dayton, NJ. It’s the DMG Mori Seiki dual spindle lathe with live tool capabilities. That means that it can create multiple complex parts out of what is known as a round blank or metal bar and, with each bar feed, it runs unattended. Time saved is impressive, resulting in more competitive pricing for the foundry.
“This new lathe will increase the efficiency of our machining requirements dramatically,” understated a Richmond Industries spokesperson about its NLX2500SY model, “in some cases reducing our overall machining time by half.”
You’ll be impressed by the video stream on the Richmond website. Seeing is believing, and the seven-minute demonstration of this remarkable lathe has attracted some 63,000 views on YouTube, mesmerizing even those who know nothing about metallurgy, machining and tooling.
The addition of the DMG Mori system is known in the business as a machine shop upgrade, but it is truly revolutionary in the business. The foundry industry rises and falls with the health of the economy and there are often casualties in the falls. Any technology that lowers costs to customers and is more cost-efficient for the manufacturer makes each foundry more competitive.
Richmond Industries, for example, casts metal parts, simple and complex, from just a few ounces to up to a ton. The alloys include the ABCs of non-ferrous metals, aluminum, bronze and copper, and many other combinations. There are two separate sand mold casting systems, and these molding lines are supported by six modern induction furnaces with power supplies from three independent Inductotherm systems. All of this requires the effort and expertise of some 35 employees.
Since opening for business in 1959, Richmond Industries has seen many changes in the foundry business and has evolved with the demands and technology. That includes raw casting, pressure testing and machining in their various forms. After the tooling, samples receive customer approval before proceeding with production. | <urn:uuid:19a473c2-e632-4943-8792-3e39aae04780> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.prweb.com/releases/2015/05/prweb12725762.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00343-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945468 | 549 | 1.789063 | 2 |
A six to eight-week writing unit may not be the equivalent of running a marathon, although some may beg to differ this year, but it still requires some creativity for strong and energetic finishes. As I work with several teachers who are in the final third of their information writing units across a variety of grades, here are a few ideas for maintaining energy.
It’s not too late to plan a celebration or put a last minute joyful writing lesson in motion.
To end the year on a happy note, I am setting some goals for April, May and June in my own version of a Writing Teacher’s Happiness Project. What would you work on to end your year in a happy way?
It can be done.
It’s time to celebrate the progress writers have made!
The most-read books of the year were ones authored by my students on their birthdays. Today, I share how my school made a change to a more beliefs-centered way of celebrating.
You see the beauty in your kids’ work: every misspelled word, every cross-out, every taped-on flap. You know that all that “messiness” is evidence of good work that kids are doing. Hard work.
But outside your classroom, the rest of the world might not see it that way.
It’s the final countdown to summer for me and my third graders. Here are some ways we’ve used writing to end the year in a meaningful way.
Sometimes our writing workshops can begin to feel a little like a house we live in– always something to improve, always something we haven’t been able to get to, etc. But I would venture to argue that, like a house, many things are working. It’s time to notice and celebrate them!
As we approach the end of the year, it’s a great time to think about and ask children to think about the growth they’ve made since the first day of school. In the rush, it’s easy to forget about the importance of slowing down and taking the time to reflect, and yet, reflection is a cornerstone of learning.
It’s not too late to plan a celebration of National Day on Writing. NCTE celebrates on this day each year the importance and most of all the delight that writing can bring to our lives using #WhyIWrite as a common theme. Take a look at some quick ideas to get your celebration rolling if you didn’t set a plan in motion for this special day.
Sometimes we learn a lot by asking students what makes the difference in their lives as learners.
With all the pressures imposed by a segmented, unforgiving middle school schedule, why make time for writing celebrations? Are they really that important? Yes!
We cannot underestimate the value of year-end sharing, celebrating and reflecting opportunities for young writers.
When this post goes live, there will be just 13 teaching days left in my school year. The end is coming quickly and more than ever, every minute counts. I’m … Continue Reading Ending the Year with Intention
Next Thursday, October 20th, is the National Day on Writing! Are you ready? Read on for some ideas on how to mark this day with your writers.
Digital tools can transform your teaching by allowing students to have a writing community beyond the classroom walls, be innovative, make meaningful connections to other writers and students, have more resources readily available, and have true, authentic reasons for writing.
It’s the end of the school year and our days are full of reflections, assessments, and all kinds of celebrations. During those final days before summer vacation begins, we find … Continue Reading Celebrating Writers and Teachers
This year, our class motto has been “Push through the struggle.” Originally a mantra of one student, but quickly became the motto of the community. These are the words used to encourage each other to persevere in all learning tasks. The Slice Of Life Story Challenge was no exception!
There are some days in an elementary school teacher’s life where the white flag must be waved. Halloween. The day before holiday break. Pajama Day. Crazy Hat Day. And, of course, Valentine’s Day… | <urn:uuid:6e94a4c4-332a-4c97-87d5-970d4344f2cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://twowritingteachers.org/category/celebration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.947753 | 886 | 2.75 | 3 |
We all know how laser therapy is used to remove hair permanently. But what we don’t hear about is the use of lasers to help restore hair. Back in 1967 a Hungarian scientist discovered that the use of low level laser therapy (LLLT) was a very direct and efficient way to stimulate hair growth. The follicles are stimulated via the laser that helps generate blood flow. And unlike the laser that takes away hair, this is a “cold light” laser, so there is no sensation during the process.
So, how long does it take? The typical process would be 2-3 visits a week that last around a half hour. The whole process, depending on the situation, can take anywhere between 4-6 months. This laser hair therapy technique is really only used for male pattern baldness and female pattern baldness. All together the process has no side effects, and is completely painless.
In most cases, this therapy procedure produces thicker hair with more sheen than before, giving those who complete the process a much younger look. If this is you, suffering from male or female pattern baldness, LLLT might be exactly what you are looking for. If you have any questions or want to set a free consultation appointment, please contact us HERE at Invisions of Connecticut. We have trained professionals who are here to help you get to where you want to be!
Photo Credit: Maria Morri via Flickr Creative Commons | <urn:uuid:88dfc81f-87f5-4410-a8ed-3b4c10137dfb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://invisionshair.com/laser-hair-therapy/behind-the-curtain-of-laser-hair-therapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949504 | 294 | 1.828125 | 2 |
NEW YORK – The dollar rose against most major currencies Monday on fears that the global economy is slowing.
The World Bank cut its growth forecast for Asia Monday and said that China's economy could continue to cool. The bank cut this year's growth outlook for developing Asia-Pacific economies to 7.2 percent, down from its May forecast of 7.6 percent. The bank cut its forecast for China to 7.7 percent from 8.2 percent in May.
In Europe, finance ministers from the 17 countries that use the euro started a two-day meeting in Luxemburg. The officials are expected to discuss Greece, Spain and other matters related to Europe's debt crisis.
The euro fell to $1.2967 in late trading Monday from $1.3025 late Friday. The British pound fell to $1.6036 from $1.6140.
The dollar rose to 0.9330 Swiss franc from 0.9300 Swiss franc.
The dollar fell to 78.34 Japanese yen from 78.69 yen and to 97.66 Canadian cents from 97.90 Canadian cents. | <urn:uuid:7ac624e0-758f-4be7-a754-604123160087> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/10/08/dollar-rises-against-euro-pound-franc-on-concerns-about-global-economy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00457-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94202 | 224 | 1.75 | 2 |
Video games are an enjoyable way to pass time. This article has some of the best tips for playing games in a positive manner.
Be sure to use the subtitles. Sometimes the backing track is so loud that you can’t hear what’s being said. Look for the option to turn subtitles on. Just about all games should have this. Such menus generally offer a way to turn subtitles on and off.
Make sure you are aware of game ratings. Video games are no longer just for children, so not every game is safe for all ages. From EC (three-years old and up) to A or AO (only adults can play), the ratings vary on each game. Buying a game with a suitable rating is very important, especially if you are purchasing it as a gift.
Make sure you duck and take cover before reloading your weapon. There have been numerous occasions when players have lost a life because their on screen character was attacked while reloading their weapon. Make sure to be a better soldier than that. Take cover before you reload.
Did you know that some video games can actually help your child learn? When purchasing for a child, stick to these titles and avoid the ones filled with violence or other questionable content. You can find a lot online about the different video games that are best for children and the parental reviews that they have been given.
Play video games you enjoy with your kids. Almost every child loves tonplay them and they can make them smarter too. In addition to improving their motor skills, video games can also teach a child math or reading.
Make use of parental control settings that come up with the majority of video games. Be sure to check whether the game is played online. If the game can be played online, you may wish to limit your children’s connectivity. Additional precautions include monitoring friend requests or placing limits on gaming times.
Consider getting your children a gaming console rather than letting them play on a PC. You will be able to control privacy and the content your children are exposed to more easily with a console. You kids are more protected on a console dedicated to gaming.
Try to limit gaming to no more than a few hours per day maximum. You can become addicted to playing video games, so actively take steps to avoid it. You shouldn’t be gaming for more than a few hours each day. If you are spending more time than that playing, you must be sure to break regularly.
PS2 is not the top of the line, but this is a good quality system with a ton of games. You’ll find the games at half the price of the Xbox and PS3. In addition, you have a wide selection of games to choose from, due to the fact that it’s been around so long.
If you want to buy a new game, you can pre-order it instead of waiting. You may get discounts or incentives if you purchase a game early. These can include game gear or features that may only be available pre-release.
Try different video games and stay up to date with new releases. A lot of people who like to play sports games may not like RPG games, but you never know! Trying out different kinds of video games will help you enjoy your gaming experience more and lead to more exciting adventures.
Don’t let playing video games be your only leisure time activity. Spending too much time playing games is potentially unhealthy. It’s important to have other hobbies too. You can get addicted to video games, so play in moderation.
As mentioned above, video games are a blast! People everywhere enjoy playing video games. Hopefully this article has given you the knowledge you need to get the best games and become the best player at those games. Game on! | <urn:uuid:7bcd4dea-e576-4d5c-8398-b954eddec218> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gamingmk.com/try-these-winning-video-game-strategies-today-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.964609 | 781 | 1.945313 | 2 |
This festive book features a mixture of make-and-do crafts and on-the-page games, with a page of colourful bound-in stickers to help complete the Easter-related activities. A die-cut carry-along handle means that young craft-workers can take their activities with them wherever they go, making use of simple materials they might find on their travels. With simple, brightly illustrated activities to appeal to younger children and step-by-step crafts to give older children something to get their teeth into, this is a perfect solution for grown-ups looking for activities for families and groups of excitable children.
This is Book 7 in the My Carry-Along Series. See all My Carry-Along books here.
Jocelyn Miller has been enthusiastic about 'make-and-do' crafts since she was little and has worked with children at summer holiday schools. Through this experience she has grown very aware of the need for crafts to be simple enough for everyone to get a result and open-ended enough to allow for exuberant creativity.More about Jocelyn Miller
Jocelyn Miller has been enthusiastic about 'make-and-do' crafts since she was little, and has experience working with children on craft projects at summer holiday schools. Through this she is very aware of the need for crafts to be simple enough for all abilities to be able to get a result, but to allow enough potential for exuberant creativity and embellishMore about Cathy Hughes | <urn:uuid:e6e48ce7-3a6c-4ade-85e3-87f78d510c65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://toppsta.com/books/details/63380/my-carry-along-easter-activity-book-with-stickers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.969993 | 299 | 1.835938 | 2 |
WikiDoc Resources for Scurvy
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|Scorbutic gums, a symptom of scurvy|
|eMedicine||med/2086 derm/521 ped/2073 radio/628|
Scurvy (N.Lat. scorbutus) is a deficiency disease that results from insufficient intake of vitamin C, which is required for correct collagen synthesis in humans. The scientific name of vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is derived from the Latin name of scurvy, scorbutus. Scurvy leads to the formation of liver spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from all mucous membranes. The spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a person with the ailment looks pale, feels depressed, and is partially immobilized. In advanced scurvy there are open, suppurating wounds and loss of teeth.
Scurvy was at one time common among sailors, pirates and others who were on ships that were out to sea longer than perishable fruits and vegetables could be stored and by soldiers who were similarly separated from these foods for extended periods. It was described by Hippocrates (c. 460 BC–c. 380 BC). Its cause and cure have been known in many native cultures since prehistory. For example, in 1536, the French explorer Jacques Cartier, exploring the St. Lawrence River, used the local natives' knowledge to save his men who were dying of scurvy. He boiled the needles of the arbor vitae tree (Eastern White Cedar) to make a tea that was later shown to contain 50 mg of vitamin C per 100 grams. However it was a Scottish surgeon in the British Royal Navy, James Lind (1716–1794) who first proved it could be treated with citrus fruit in experiments he described in his 1753 book, A Treatise of the Scurvy.
In infants, scurvy is sometimes referred to as Barlow's disease, named after Sir Thomas Barlow (1845–1945), a British physician who described it. (N.B. Barlow's disease may also refer to mitral valve prolapse.) Other eponyms include Moeller's disease and Cheadle's disease.
Scurvy or subclinical scurvy is caused by the lack of vitamin C. In modern western society, scurvy is rarely present in adults, although infants and elderly people are affected. Vitamin C is destroyed by the process of pasteurization, so babies fed with ordinary bottled milk sometimes suffer from scurvy if they are not provided with adequate vitamin supplements. Virtually all commercially available baby formulas contain added vitamin C for this reason; however heat and storage destroy vitamin C. Human breast milk contains sufficient vitamin C, if the mother has an adequate intake to prevent scurvy on her own.
Scurvy is one of the accompanying diseases of malnutrition (other such micronutrient deficiencies are beriberi or pellagra) and thus is still widespread in areas of the world depending on external food aid. Though rare, there are also documented cases of scurvy due to poor dietary choices by people living in industrialized nations.
Scurvy was probably first observed as a disease by Hippocrates. In the 13th century the Crusaders suffered from scurvy frequently, and it has inflicted terrible losses on both besieged and besieger in times of war. Scurvy was one of the limiting factors of marine travel, often killing large numbers of the passengers and crew on long-distance voyages. It even played a significant role in World War I.
The British civilian medical profession of 1614 knew that it was the acidic principle of citrus fruit which was lacking, although they considered any acid as acceptable when ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) was unavailable. In 1614 John Woodall (Surgeon General of the East India Company) published his book "The Surgion's Mate" as a handbook for apprentice surgeons aboard the company's ships. In it he described scurvy as resulting from a dietary deficiency. His recommendation for its cure was fresh food or, if not available, oranges, lemons, limes and tamarinds, or as a last resort, Oil of Vitriol (sulfuric acid).
In 1734, the Leiden-based physician Johann Bachstrom published a book on scurvy in which he stated that "scurvy is solely owing to a total abstinence from fresh vegetable food, and greens; which is alone the primary cause of the disease." and urged the use of fresh fruit and vegetables as a cure. However, it was not until 1747 that James Lind formally proved that scurvy could be treated and prevented by supplementing the diet with citrus fruit such as lemons and lime. Although James Cook succeeded in circumnavigating the world (1768-71) in HM Bark Endeavour without losing a single man to scurvy, his suggested methods, including a diet of sauerkraut and wort of malt, did not reproduce his success, and British sailors throughout the American Revolutionary period continued to suffer from scurvy, particularly in the Channel Fleet. The eradication of scurvy from the Royal Navy was finally due to the chairman of the Navy's Sick and Hurt Board, Gilbert Blane, who finally put Bachstrom and Lind's long-ignored prescription of fresh lemons to use during the Napoleonic Wars. Other navies soon adopted this successful solution.
The plant known as "scurvy grass" acquired its name from the observation that it cured scurvy, but this was of no great help to those who spent months at sea. During sea voyages, it was discovered that sauerkraut was of extremely limited use in preventing scurvy. In the Royal Navy's Arctic expeditions in the 19th century it was widely believed that scurvy was prevented by good hygiene on board ship, regular exercise, and maintaining the morale of the crew, rather than by a diet of fresh food, so that Navy expeditions continued to be plagued by scurvy even while fresh meat was well-known as a practical antiscorbutic among civilian whalers and explorers in the Arctic. At the time Robert Falcon Scott made his two expeditions to the Antarctic in the early 20th century, the prevailing medical theory was that scurvy was caused by "tainted" canned food. It was not until 1932 that the connection between vitamin C and scurvy was established.
The use of limes by the Royal Navy to prevent scurvy gave rise to the name "limey" for a British sailor, which has been since extended to all British in American slang.
Normal collagen synthesis depends upon the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum, to form hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, respectively. Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase, the enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation, require ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to function correctly. With no ascorbic acid, the enzymes cannot hydroxylate proline and lysine, and so normal collagen synthesis cannot be performed.
Differentiating Scurvy from Other Diseases
- Advanced age
- Mental illness
- Infant on processed milk without supplementation
- Unusual diet habits
Epidemiology and Demographics
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Untreated scurvy is invariably fatal. However, since all that is required for a full recovery is the resumption of normal vitamin C intake, death from scurvy is rare in modern times.
History and Symptoms
- Dark purplish spots on skin, especially legs.
- spongy gums, often leading to tooth loss.
- bleeding from all mucous membranes.
- Bleeding gums.
- Sunken eyes
- Opening of healed scars and separation of knitted bone fractures.
Other Diagnostic Studies
Scurvy can be prevented by a diet that includes certain citrus fruits such as oranges or lemons. Other good sources of vitamin C are fruits such as blackcurrants, guava, kiwi, papaya, tomatoes and strawberries. It can also be found in some vegetables, such as bell peppers, broccoli, potatoes, cabbage, spinach and paprika, as well as some pickled vegetables. Though redundant in the presence of a balanced diet, various nutritional supplements are available that provide ascorbic acid well in excess of that required to prevent scurvy, and even some candies contain vitamin C.
- Jacques Cartier's Second Voyage , 1535 Winter & Scurvy
- Jacques Cartier witnesses a treatment for scurvy. NCBI Pb Med, 2002 Jun, Martini E.
- (December 17, 1983) "Medical History - Infantile scurvy: the centenary of Barlow's disease" (PDF). British Medical Journal 287.
- Hampl JS, Taylor CA, and Johnston CS. (2004). "Vitamin C Deficiency and Depletion in the United States: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1994". American Journal of Public Health 94 (5): 870–875. PMID 15117714.
- WHO (June 4, 2001). "Area of work: nutrition. Progress report 2000" (PDF).
- Davies IJ, Temperley JM (1967). "A case of scurvy in a student.". Postgraduate Medical Journal 43 (502): 549–50. PMID 6074157.
Sthoeger ZM, Sthoeger D. Scurvy from self-imposed diet. Harefuah. 1991 Mar 15;120(6):332-3.
Ellis CN, Vanderveen EE, Rasmussen JE. Scurvy. A case caused by peculiar dietary habits. Arch Dermatol. 1984 Sep;120(9):1212-4.
McKenna KE, Dawson JF. Scurvy occurring in a teenager. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1993 Jan;18(1):75-7.
- Stone, Irwin (1966). "On the Genetic Etiology of Scurvy". Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae 15: 345–350.
- Bown, Stephen R. "SCURVY: How a Surgeon, a Mariner and a Gentleman Solved the Greatest Medical Mystery of the Age of Sail", Viking 2003
- Rivers, Jerry M., "Safety of High-level Vitamin C Ingestion", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 498 (1): 445-454, <http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb23780.x>
- Nutrition information for "Emergen-C" product
- Nutrition information for "Halls Defense" product
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Were you unable to attend Transform 2022? Check out all of the summit sessions in our on-demand library now! Watch here.
I just spent a day working with Bob, the Chief Innovation Officer of a very smart large company I’ll call Acme Widgets.
Bob summarized Acme’s impediments to innovation. “At our company we have a culture that fears failure. A failed project is considered a negative to a corporate career. As a result, few people want to start a project that might not succeed. And worse, even if someone does manage to start something new, our management structure has so many financial, legal and HR hurdles that every initiative needs to match our existing business financial metrics, processes and procedures. So we end up in “paralysis by analysis” – moving slowly to ensure we don’t make mistakes and that everyone signs off on every idea (so we can spread the collective blame if it fails). And when we do make bets, they’re small bets on incremental products or acquisitions that simply add to the bottom line.”
Bob looked wistful, “Our founders built a company known for taking risks and moving fast. Now we’re known for “making the numbers,” living on our past successes. More agile competitors are starting to eat into our business. How can we restart our innovation culture?”
What Drives Innovation?
I pointed out to Bob the irony – in a large company “fear of failure” inhibits speed and risk taking while in a startup “fear of failure” drives speed and urgency.
If we could understand the root cause of that difference, I said, we could help Acme build a system for continuous innovation.
I suggested the best place to start the conversation is with the 21st century definition of a startup: A startup is a temporary organization designed to search for a repeatable and scalable business model.
Startups have finite time and resources to find product/market fit before they run out of money. Therefore startups trade off certainty for speed, adopting “good enough decision making” and iterating and pivoting as they fail, learn, and discover their business model.
The corollary for a large company is: A company is a permanent organization designed to execute a repeatable and scalable business model.
That means in their core business, large companies have a series of knowns. They’ve found product/market fit (what products customers want to buy). They’ve learned the best distribution channel to get the product from their company to the customer. They’ve figured out the revenue model (subscription, license, direct sale, etc.) and how to price the product. They know the activities, resources and partners (manufacturing, regulation, IP, supply chain, etc.) – and the costs to deliver the product/service and have well defined product development and product management tools that emphasize the linear nature of shipping products to existing customers. There are financial metrics (Return on Investment, Hurdle Rate, etc.) for new product development that emphasize immediate returns. And everyone has job titles and job descriptions that describe their role in execution.
Why Execution and Innovation Need Different Tools, Cultures and Organizations
Talking to Bob I realized that at Acme Widgets (and in most large companies) the word “failure” was being used to describe two very different events:
- failure in execution of a known product in known market
- failure in searching for innovation when there are many unknowns
Therefore, in a large company, failure to meet a goal – revenue, product delivery, service, etc.– is a failure in execution of an individual and/or organization to perform to a known set of success criteria. In corporations the penalty for repeated failure on known tasks is being reassigned to other tasks or asked to leave the company.
As I sat with Bob and his innovation team, I realized that all of Acme’s new product innovation initiatives were being held to the same standard as those of existing products. Acme was approaching innovation and disruptive product ideas using the same processes, procedures, schedules, and incentives within the same organizational structure and culture as its existing businesses.
No wonder innovation at Acme had stalled.
The Ambidextrous Organization – Execution and Innovation
That companies should be simultaneously executing and innovating isn’t a new insight. For decades others have observed that companies needed to be ambidextrous. So while we did not lack the insight that execution and innovation need to be separate, we did lack the processes, tools, culture and organizational structures to implement it. Corporate innovation initiatives have spent decades looking at other corporate structures as models for innovation when in fact we should have been looking at startups for innovation models – and adapting and adopting them for corporate use.
That’s now changed. The strategy and structure for 21st corporate innovation will come from emulating the speed, urgency, agility and low-cost, rapid experimentation of startups.
[Side note: A concern that comes up a lot on this front is that of how an innovation group — without proper checks and oversight — could damage a longstanding brand overnight with one bad idea. I won’t go into that at length here, but the short answer is this: You can sub-brand your innovation group (e.g., Intel Labs), or you can create a fake brand. There are a set of pretty practiced solutions if a solution is what you’re looking for. In a large company, the goal is to find reason to say no. But innovation is about overcoming hurdles. So you approach your legal and branding group by saying, “That’s nice, you raised the problem, now let’s solve it together and let’s make the solution a permanent part of our innovation process.”]
What We Now Know about Corporate Innovation
In the last five years, as the need for continuous innovation in companies has become critical, Lean innovation methodologies (Lean LaunchPad/I-Corps) have also emerged. These methods allow rapid experimentation – at startup speed – with the same rigor and discipline as traditional execution processes. Adopted by the National Science Foundation and large companies, over 1000 teams have used the process, and the resulting commercialization success speaks for itself.
But running a Lean Startup inside an organization designed for execution is an exercise in futility. Working with large corporations we’ve learned that innovation groups need their own structure, culture, tools (Lean, Design Thinking, etc.), metrics (validated/invalidated hypotheses, Investment Readiness Level) and processes. And both organizations – execution and innovation – need to understand that the success of the company rests on how well they can cooperate.
Bob’s eyes lit up as he said, “Now I understand why innovation seemed beyond our reach. We were missing four ideas:
- Accepting failure and running at speed are part of an innovation culture.
- We need to separate out innovation risks from execution risks.
- There are now proven Lean innovation methodologies (Lean LaunchPad/I-Corps) that we can use off the shelf in building an innovation culture without inventing our own.
- We need to make sure that management no longer uses execution metrics to manage and judge our innovation teams.
- In a startup “fear of failure” drives speed and urgency
- In a large company “fear of failure” inhibits speed and risk
- Innovation means experimentation in searching for a business model. Often failure is the norm not the exception.
- Innovation processes and metrics need to be different from those of the execution organizations
- There are proven Lean innovation methodologies that work in large existing companies
Steve Blank is a retired serial entrepreneur-turned-educator who has changed how startups are built and how entrepreneurship is taught. He created the Customer Development methodology that launched the lean startup movement, and wrote about the process in his first book, The Four Steps to the Epiphany. His second book, The Startup Owner’s Manual, is a step-by-step guide to building a successful company. Blank teaches the Customer Development methodology in his Lean LaunchPad classes at Stanford University, U.C. Berkeley, Columbia University, UCSF, NYU, the National Science Foundation and the I-Corps @NIH. He writes regularly about entrepreneurship at www.steveblank.com.
VentureBeat's mission is to be a digital town square for technical decision-makers to gain knowledge about transformative enterprise technology and transact. Learn more about membership. | <urn:uuid:ba55638c-f2f2-4a97-abae-475496275e95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://venturebeat.com/business/fear-of-failure-and-lack-of-speed-in-a-large-corporation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.950259 | 1,784 | 1.765625 | 2 |
How to Download WhatsApp
WhatsApp | Comunicación
What is Whatsapp?
WhatsApp is the most popular instant messaging application in the world, as it allows you to stay connected and communicated with those people who are far from you, but also with those close to you, but you cannot see all the time.
This messaging application is one of the simplest, but the most popular, since it allows you to communicate very easily, since it has an elegant and very intuitive design. With this application, you will not only be able to communicate by text messages, in fact, you can send through the application, voice notes, photos, files of all kinds, and even share your location with your friends.
Through the years, WhatsApp has incorporated new functions to its platform, to make it more complete and attractive to handle for its users. Among its best, it has also incorporated video calls, through which you can talk and see your friends and family at the same time.
Different WhatsApp functions
However, to make the video call functionality more complete, it has the option of making group video calls, with which you can call and communicate with several contacts at the same time. Voice calls also have this option to call several contacts at the same time.
On the other hand, the application also has a great variety of default emoticons, to be used in chats, striking and fun. It has compatibility with other applications such as Google Maps or YouTube, to be able to share locations or videos within the same platform.
Also, through the application, you can share with your contacts, what you think or do at any time, since it has a function that allows you to upload images or videos of all kinds and share them in the form of a “story” with your friends and family members, for a certain time, since after a day it will disappear from the application.
WhatsApp on your mobile phone
This messaging app can be found and installed on your mobile phone, in the official Android or iOS stores, however, if you do not have access to the Play Store, you have another option to download it. You can find the APK of the application, which is an executable program, with which you can easily have it on your mobile phone. Visit the WhatsApp download area if you want to access the APK link of this application.
How to use WhatsApp on the PC?
Previously, the only way to access WhatsApp through your PC was by using WhatsApp Web, a web browser-based application that connected to your cell phone via an identification QR code. Later, the messaging app officially launched a version for the computer, available for both Windows and Mac. The application is basically WhatsApp Web but in executable mode, at first it had quite a few bugs, but after several versions, it is a fairly stable and safe option. | <urn:uuid:7946c27c-a81f-4fd5-ac1f-3954523392c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.descargar.studio/whatsapp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964057 | 586 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Some of the mysterious gullies seen on Martian sand dunes may be formed by sliding blocks of carbon dioxide, also known as dry ice, according to a NASA research report.
“I have always dreamed of going to Mars,” said Serina Diniega, a planetary scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and lead author of a report published online by the journal Icarus. “Now I dream of snowboarding down a Martian sand dune on a block of dry ice.”
According to the research, the so-called linear gullies all have a near constant width of a few meters, with raised banks on the sides. The reason the gullies don’t appear to be formed by liquid is that there are no deposits of debris at the bottom of their lower edge. Instead, NASA says, they have pits.
“In debris flows, you have water carrying sediment downhill, and the material eroded from the top is carried to the bottom and deposited as a fan-shaped apron,” said Diniega. “In the linear gullies, you’re not transporting material. You’re carving out a groove, pushing material to the sides.”
Images from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter led scientists to the theory, which in turn led to performing experiments on sand dunes in Utah and California.
During the experiments on Earth, scientists found that dry ice forms a lubricating layer of gaseous carbon dioxide that allowed the chunks to glide down the dunes even when the slope was shallow. The chunks also pushed aside sand into small levees.
“There are a variety of different types of features on Mars that sometimes get lumped together as gullies, but they are formed by different processes,” said report co-author Candice Hansen of the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona. “Just because this dry-ice hypothesis looks like a good explanation for one type doesn’t mean it applies to others.”
Images taken during the Martian winter show the gullies covered by frozen carbon dioxide frost, while images taken early in the Martian spring reveal the gullies. In some of the images, NASA said there appear to be bright objects in the gullies. Scientists believe they are pieces of dry ice that have fallen from higher areas of the dunes. The pits at the bottom of the gullies, NASA believes, are caused by the evaporation of the ice chunks after they’ve come to rest.
“Linear gullies don’t look like gullies on Earth or other gullies on Mars, and this process wouldn’t happen on Earth,” said Diniega. “You don’t get blocks of dry ice on Earth unless you go buy them.” | <urn:uuid:7f85fdb0-31e9-4523-b2db-818daa11f60f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://amcostaricaarchives.com/2013/06/dry-ice-suspected-cause-for-martian-dunes-gullies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00085-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940461 | 589 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Donald Trump's most outrageous tweets
The US President's posts are being preserved for posterity. Here are some of his messages that set Twitter alight
The White House has agreed to preserve a record of Donald Trump's tweets after a request from the US National Archives and Records Administration.
The US President has remained a prolific tweeter since he gained office, but a Washington Post analysis of his posts has found they've changed in style - "his habit of using two, three, or even 15 exclamation points at the end of sentences stopped", although single exclamation marks still appear in almost 60 per cent of his messages.
Trump told the Financial Times this week that "without the tweets, I wouldn't be here".
He also lived by everything he'd said: "I don't regret anything because there is nothing you can do about it," he said. "You know if you issue hundreds of tweets and every once in a while you have a clinker, that's not so bad."
Trump's early years on Twitter were often spent weighing in on celebrity matters and none seemed more pressing to him than the relationship between actors Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart.
Of course it wasn't all celeb gossip, he also used the network to promote his role with Miss Universe:
Alongside matters of business, Trump was known to offer his views on some of the big debates of the time:
The threat of Ebola was also a big worry at one time:
He tweeted a tribute to the victims of September 11th in his own inimitable way:
And had a few choice words for some businesses:
Long before he decided to enter the world of politics, Trump gave an insight into his own views on the presidency:
Barack Obama was a particular target:
But fellow Republicans have also come under attack:
Nor are his tweets confined to matters State-side. Trump, the owner of a number of acres of real estate in Scotland, has a keen interest in the land of his ancestors:
His views on women were to play a key role in the election campaign:
Following his election success, Trump made sure to continue his unique brand of political rhetoric:
No one is safe from his Twitter takes:
And the accusations go far and wide: | <urn:uuid:d3d297b6-81de-4fc9-b9cc-6b1c98134dc2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theweek.co.uk/donald-trump/83324/donald-trumps-most-outrageous-tweets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.986058 | 462 | 1.59375 | 2 |
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Rabbi Michael Siegel, senior rabbi of Chicago’s Anshe Emet Synagogue, recalls meeting Rabbi David Hartman following a lecture Hartman gave at the University of Chicago. Hartman asked for a ride to downtown Chicago, and for months, Siegel proceeded to become Hartman’s “rabbinic driver.”
“The time we spent in the car was one of the more valuable educational experiences of my life,” Siegel told JNS.org. “He was so alive with ideas, challenges. His teaching was mesmerizing.”
Siegel was among the numerous and varied students of Hartman, who died Feb. 10 at 81. Those students included rabbis and lay leaders of all denominations, men and women, Jews and non-Jews.
Upon first hearing the name “Shalom Hartman Institute,” it might be assumed that one is encountering a center for “peace” studies. The source of the name, however, is different: it is the egalitarianBeit Midrashnamed by Rabbi David Hartman in memory of his father.
“Hartman’s intent was to open a conversation among rabbis for the sake of the Jewish people,” Rabbi David Steinhardt of B’nai Torah Congregation in Boca Raton, Fla., and a Rabbinic Fellow at the Shalom Hartman Institute, told JNS.org. “The Shalom Hartman Institute is one of the only places of interdenominational conversation… David Hartman was passionate about everything he did… Of central concern was how we translated our tradition and our text into a living reality. He compelled us to be able to live a Jewish life and understand Jewish life in different ways.”
The Shalom Hartman Institute occupies three acres of land along Jerusalem’s “Cultural Mile.” Its mission has been to “help build a more pluralistic and tolerant Israeli society.”In July 2012, the institute began a partnership with Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life, called the Fellowship for Campus Professionals. The program brings Hartman Fellows to campuses in America in order to teach about the Jewish relationship with Israel.
“One of the great opportunities and blessings was knowing and learning from David Hartman and being part of his Beit Midrash,” Steinhardt said.
“The institute is for rabbis of all denominations,” he added, noting that the institute fostered “deep and wide-ranging conversations” at a time when the “Who is a Jew?” question arose.
Hartman’s theology transformed as he aged and as the conditions of the Jewish people began to change, Steinhardt explained.
“He emphasized the partnership of God and the Jewish people—which has a significant vote and voice in the determination of its identity and behaviors,” he said.
Hartman “believed people were obligated to take control of their destinies… Not having power or control of their destiny was no longer an option,” according to Steinhardt.
Steinhardt said Hartman recognized the new realities in thinking about Jewish peoplehood. Hartman opined that current Jewish thought needed to be considered in light of 2,000 years of statelessness, the experiences of the generation living after the Holocaust, and the reality of the modern State of Israel. He suggested that the Jewish people have a capacity for self-determination, both politically and religiously.
“The conversation [led by Hartman] was about learning and defining Jewish peoplehood, and defining Judaism for Israel and North America and the relationship [between them],” Steinhardt said.
“Upon learning of his death, I felt the pain very profoundly,” he said. “I had the experience of losing an intellectual and spiritual father.”
Anshe Emet’s Siegel called Hartman “a storehouse of knowledge.”
“The questions he would ask were not the normal questions,” Siegel said. “He was a traditional thinking iconoclast who demanded clarity in thinking not only from his students but from the Jewish tradition as well.”
Siegel said Hartman “had a profound effect” on his rabbinate.
“He became a rebbe to me on a level with which I was really unfamiliar,” Siegel said. “He actually engaged me on a spiritual level—more than ‘What are you reading?’ [rather], ‘Are you feeling it in your kishkes.’”
“His thought process was extraordinary.”
Rabbi Don Goor of Los Angeles spoke with JNS.org soon after returning from a Shalom Hartman Institute alumni retreat that included “studying in his memory, reminiscing about how he touched lives.”
“Study with Hartman is the greatest gift of my rabbinate,” Goor said. “He opened new ways of approaching text… to engage congregants seriously with the voices of our tradition and challenge them to see.”
At his congregation, Temple Judea of Tarzana, Goor encourages his congregation to undertake “the endeavor of being a part of the Jewish tradition and to see their voices as a valid part of the tradition.”
“The impact [Hartman] had on me continues through my rabbinate and the impact I have on my students,” said Goor, who teaches second-and fifth-year rabbinical students at Hebrew Union College in Los Angeles. “The texts I choose to teach are the texts that he inspired to come alive.”
Hartman was a strong advocate for inclusion of the different streams of Jewish life and sought to create a place where all could come together. He had the unique ability to make each individual feel as significant as the other, according to his students.
The influence of Hartman reaches well into both the present and future. Two recently elected members of the Israeli Knesset, Dr. Ruth Calderon and Dr. Aliza Lavie, attended classes at his institute. More than 120 synagogues and Jewish Federations in the United States and Canada have developed curriculums based on his teachings. Some 50,000 individuals are enrolled annually in the institute’s courses. Rabbi Dr. Daniel Hartman, David’s son, was named the institute’s president in2009 andcarries its philosophy forward.
Steinhardt related what might be called a “Hartman Midrash” to JNS.org, recalling, “I once explained to Rabbi Hartman that at the beginning of tefilah we have people introduce themselves to one another.” Hartman responded, “You may come to meet each other, but I came to meet God.”
“There is a deeper level to what we are doing [as Jews], and he wanted us to be at that deeper level,” Steinhardt said. | <urn:uuid:a1017067-1e3f-4f36-98cb-3595ff911ea9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jns.org/latest-articles/2013/2/18/rabbi-david-hartman-remembered-as-interdenominational-force.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970131 | 1,486 | 1.992188 | 2 |
EGYPT: Clothes Import Barriers To Be Scrapped As Duties Rise
The Egyptian government is poised to scrap clothes import barriers but introduce higher customs duties, a senior official announced yesterday. "Egypt will begin in January 2002 to liberalise its textile trade in accordance with the World Trade Organization (WTO) Accord signed in 1995," First Undersecretary of the Ministry of Economy and Foreign Trade, El-Sayed Abu El-Komsan, said.
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- Global market review of lingerie – forecasts to 2022 | <urn:uuid:0cf9e971-860e-495d-b956-1ff11df35a66> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.just-style.com/news/clothes-import-barriers-to-be-scrapped-as-duties-rise_id83040.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00159-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.876633 | 353 | 1.601563 | 2 |
To help celebrate World Oceans Day, Ryong Lee of Canada posted this beautiful photo on EarthSky’s Facebook page. When we started talking about World Oceans Day on our social media pages last week, several people said they had never heard of it. In fact, Canada made the original proposal for World Oceans Day in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The day has been unofficially celebrated every June 8 since then, and, in 2008, the United Nations did officially recognize it. Since then, World Oceans Day has been coordinated internationally by The Ocean Project and the World Ocean Network. These organizations say it has greater success and global participation each year.
Sylvia Earle, perhaps the world’s most recognized and respected oceanographer, made a video plea to protect the oceans, which was released today. Among other things, Earle said:
I think of the ocean as the blue heart of the planet.
Deborah Byrd created the EarthSky radio series in 1991 and EarthSky.org in 1994. Today, she serves as Editor-in-Chief of this website. She has won a galaxy of awards from the broadcasting and science communities, including having an asteroid named 3505 Byrd in her honor. A science communicator and educator since 1976, Byrd believes in science as a force for good in the world and a vital tool for the 21st century. "Being an EarthSky editor is like hosting a big global party for cool nature-lovers," she says. | <urn:uuid:2096d145-e6d6-4c1c-9440-424fea14d354> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://earthsky.org/todays-image/happy-world-oceans-day | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00292-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966499 | 310 | 3.0625 | 3 |
suddenly michele bachmann's bio seems important, and michelle goldberg gives a solid interesting run-through. there's this:
At Coburn, Bachmann studied with John Eidsmoe, who she recently described as "one of the professors who had a great influence on me." Bachmann served as his research assistant on the 1987 book Christianity and the Constitution, which argued that the United States was founded as a Christian theocracy, and that it should become one again. "The church and the state have separate spheres of authority, but both derive authority from God," Eidsmoe wrote. "In that sense America, like [Old Testament] Israel, is a theocracy."
Eidsmoe, who hung up the phone when asked for an interview, is a contentious figure. Last year, he withdrew from speaking at a Wisconsin Tea Party rally after the Associated Press raised questions about his history of addresses to white-supremacist groups. In 2010, speaking at a rally celebrating Alabama's secession from the Union, he claimed that Jefferson Davis and John C. Calhoun understood the Constitution better than Abraham Lincoln.
Reading Eidsmoe, though, some of Bachmann's most widely ridiculed statements begin to make sense. Earlier this year, for example, she was mocked for saying that the Founding Fathers "worked tirelessly" to end slavery. But in books by Eidsmoe and others who approach history from what they call a Christian worldview, this is a truism. Despite his defense of the Confederacy, Eidsmoe also argues that even those founders who owned slaves opposed the institution and wanted it to disappear, and that it was only Christian for them to protect their slaves until it did. "It might be very difficult for a freed slave to make a living in that economy; under such circumstances setting slaves free was both inhumane and irresponsible," he wrote.
the idea that the united states was founded as a theocracy is just wacky. largely, it was founded by deists, enlightenment-age religious skeptics. some of the rest of this is not wacky at all. jefferson and madison and washington were all slave-owners who expressed their opposition to the institution of slavery and hoped that it would end. you could call that hypocrisy of course, but the claim itself is accurate, and they also reached for the justification that they didn't want merely to free their slaves because they needed to be protected, etc.
it sounds to some people strange to say that calhoun, for example, understood the constitution better than lincoln. but calhoun was easily the more well-versed of the two in the history of the constitution, the fed papers, etc., and also easily the more scholarly and intellectual. his late treatises a disquisition on government and a discourse on the constitution and government of the united states (check here) are among the most important works of republican political theory, or of political theory in the united states, written in the nineteenth century, despite the highly disturbing pro-slavery undertow.
it might seem obvious that nullification and secession are unconstitutional, but that is not obvious at all. jefferson argued that either was justified - and in keeping with the constitution - in the face of the alien and sedition acts, for example (check here). lysander spooner - an ardent abolitionist and legal scholar - agreed, even in the lead-up to the civil war (here), etc.
just for the heck of it, i might add that the most extreme and principled abolitionists were evangelical protestant christians. and i should think that even the biggest fans of abraham lincoln would or should admit that in order for him to justify and prosecute the civil war, the constitution had to be stretched virtually to breaking. | <urn:uuid:548e2c45-9c6e-49a4-8917-67790068ebec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://eyeofthestorm.blogs.com/eye_of_the_storm/2011/06/bachmanns-history.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00389-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97768 | 778 | 1.914063 | 2 |
These local settings and experiences contrast with lyrics about the mystery and beauty of Japanese culture and the mythopoeic sequences in 'A Stillness at Kiawah'. One of these draws analogies between the experience of the native American Kiowas and the Irish experience of similar injustice and dispossession; the other explores the cruelties and intensities of a sexual relationship in a post-colonial world.
Maurice Harmon, Emeritus Professor of Anglo-Irish Literature at University College Dublin, is a distinguished critic, biographer, editor, literary historian, and poet. He has edited No Author Better Served: The Correspondence between Samuel Beckett and Alan Schneider (1998) and has translated the medieval Irish compendium of stories and poems The Colloquy of the Old Men (2001). He has written studies of several Irish writers, including Seán O'Faoláin, Austin Clarke, and Thomas Kinsella and edited the ground-breaking anthology Irish Poetry After Yeats. His Selected Essays (2006) contains articles on William Carleton, Mary Lavin, John Montague, and contemporary Irish poetry. A study of Thomas Kinsella as poet and translator, Thomas Kinsella: Designing for the Exact Needs, was published in March, 2008. His poetry collections include The Last Regatta (2000), The Doll with Two Backs and Other Poems (2004) and The Mischievous Boy and Other Poems (2008). | <urn:uuid:2ce46726-85fb-45a4-af21-77109e4f8b4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://inpressbooks.co.uk/products/the-last-regatta | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.917163 | 299 | 2.109375 | 2 |
If you want to achieve maximum health, here are a few things that you should do: exercise regularly, eat nutritious and minimally processed foods, drop those extra pounds -- and pray. That's right, regular prayer and meditation has been shown in numerous scientific studies to be an important factor in living longer and staying healthy.
Prayer is the most widespread alternative therapy in America today. Over 85 percent of people confronting a major illness pray, according to a University of Rochester study. That is far higher than taking herbs or pursuing other nontraditional healing modalities. And increasingly the evidence is that prayer works.
It doesn't matter if you pray for yourself or for others, pray to heal an illness or for peace in the world, or simply sit in silence and quiet the mind -- the effects appear to be the same. A wide variety of spiritual practices have been shown to help alleviate the stress levels, which are one of the major risk factors for disease. They also are powerful ways to maintain a positive outlook and successfully weather the trials which come to all of us in life.
The relationship between prayer and health has been the subject of scores of double-blind studies over the past four decades. Dr. Herbert Benson, a cardiovascular specialist at Harvard Medical School and a pioneer in the field of mind/ body medicine discovered what he calls "the relaxation response," which occurs during periods of prayer and meditation. At such times, the body's metabolism decreases, the heart rate slows, blood pressure goes down, and our breath becomes calmer and more regular.
This physiological state is correlated with slower brain waves, and feelings of control, tranquil alertness and peace of mind. This is significant because Benson estimates that over half of all doctor visits in the U.S. today are prompted by illnesses, like depression, high blood pressure, ulcers and migraine headaches, that are caused at least in part by elevated levels of stress and anxiety.
Dr. Andrew Newberg, director of the Center for Spirituality and the Mind at the University of Pennsylvania conducted a study of Tibetan Buddhists in meditation and Franciscan nuns in prayer which showed comparable decreased activity in the parts of the brain that are associated with sense of self and spatial orientation in both groups. He also found that prayer and meditation increase levels of dopamine, which is associated with states of well being and joy.
The effects of spiritual practice appear to be more than just the result of enhanced focus and concentration. Ken Pargement of Bowling Green State University instructed one group of people who suffer migraines to meditate 20 minutes each day repeating a spiritual affirmation, such as "God is good. God is peace. God is love." The other group used a nonspiritual mantra: "Grass is green. Sand is soft." The spiritual meditators had fewer headaches and more tolerance of pain than those who had focused on the neutral phrases.
But are the calming effects of spiritual practice temporary, or do they last even after we get up from the meditation cushion or leave a prayer service to reenter our less than serene lives?
In one National Institutes of Health funded study, individuals who prayed daily were shown to be 40 percent less likely to have high blood pressure than those without a regular prayer practice. Research at Dartmouth Medical School found that patients with strong religious beliefs who underwent elective heart surgery were three times more likely to recover than those who were less religious. A 2011 study of inner city youth with asthma by researchers at the University of Cincinnati indicates that those who practiced prayer and meditation experienced fewer and less severe symptoms than those who had not. Other studies show that prayer boosts the immune system and helps to lessen the severity and frequency of a wide range of illnesses.
A recent survey reported in the Journal of Gerontology of 4,000 senior citizens in Durham, NC, found that people who prayed or meditated coped better with illness and lived longer than those who did not.
But the question remains: By what physiological mechanisms does prayer impact our health? Herbert Benson's most recent research suggests that long term daily spiritual practices help to deactivate genes that trigger inflammation and prompt cell death. That the mind can effect the expression of our genes is exciting evidence for how prayer may influence the functioning of the body at the most fundamental level.
But what about praying for others? On the question of whether intercessionary prayer works, the jury is till out. Slightly over half the research done to date suggests that it helps, wile the rest concludes that there is no measurable effect. Critics of these studies say that there is a big difference between praying more or less mechanically and at a distance for a stranger because a researcher has told you to do so and the heartfelt prayers for friends and relatives which arise spontaneously from within.
Prayer, unlike say the behavior of a rat in a maze, cannot be directly observed, and the subtle effects on self and others are difficult to quantify and assess. Moreover, it would be wrong to view prayer as merely a technique to heal illness and promote physical health.
Spiritual practice aims to connect the individual with God or a Higher Power, to open one to the Divinity dwelling within the self, and to make one fully present to life in the here and now. These are not goals that lend themselves to being measured in double blind experiments. The sense of deep peace and radiant well being that spiritual practitioners in different religious traditions report are also not testable by scientific means.
What science can tell us is that people who pray and meditate trend to be statistically more healthy and live longer than those who do not. Whether these boons are merely unintended side effects of still deeper spiritual benefits remains a matter of faith.
The Morning Email helps you start your workday with everything you need to know: breaking news, entertainment and a dash of fun. Learn more | <urn:uuid:3ec9dd71-6d69-4921-b363-2ecd333224e7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-schiffman/why-people-who-pray-are-heathier_b_1197313.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00210-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955774 | 1,182 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Antennas are tuned circuits designed to resonate at a particular frequency or band. Homebrew antennas can be quite simple to construct out of materials you may find laying about. Most of the information on this page will assume you have little to no knowledge on how to make an antenna, and will try to shy away from a lot of technical jargon and formulas, instead relying on basic easy to follow instructions.
Intro to Antennas
There are two basic classes of antennas. Receiving only antennas and transmitting antennas. While you can receive on a transmitting antenna, you should never ever transmit on a receiving antenna. You can damage the radio. The antenna on your car for your radio is probably a receiving only antenna, while the antenna on your mobile phone is a transmitting antenna.
In order to understand antenna systems you have to understand a little bit about wavelengths. Radio signals are sine waves, this means that they oscillate up and down like waves in the ocean. The period of one cycle on that sinewave is a wavelength. Historically the greek lambda symbol (Λ) is the symbol used for wavelength. To calculate it you can use the following algorithm:
Λ = C/F
- C is the speed of light, which can be rounded to 300,000,000 meters/sec or 984,000,000 feet/sec.
- F is the frequency of the transmission.
If you express the frequency in MHz you can divide the speed of light by 1,000,000 and make it even easier. To find the wavelength of 150MHz you would do:
- Λ = 300/150 = 2 meters
- Λ = 984/150 = 6.5 feet
(I omit using the square root of the dieelectric constant of the propagation medium for simplicity, in general this is very near 1 so it can safely be omited for practical measurements)
You should be familiar on a basic level with propagation of radio signals. In basic terms, with lower frequencies the closer the antenna is to the ground the more it will interact with it. This can be an advantage depending on what you want to do.
NVIS (near vertical incidence skywave) antennas are good for shorter range communications on HF. The military defines NVIS as antennas that cover about 500 miles, or what a battalion may cover. Ham radio people generally consider it NVIS if its 700-1000 miles or less coverage.
If you have a horizontal dipole antenna which is less than 1/2 wavelength from the ground it will have a high angle of radiation. What this means is that the angle that the radio signal travels off the antenna may travel off at 75-80 degrees, or almost straight up. When it hits the ionosphere it will be reflected almost straight down.
If that same antenna is raised up higher, then the angle of radiation will be lower, perhaps 20-25 degrees. This will cause it to travel further across the planet before it hits the ionosphere and bounces back to the surface. This gives you much more range.
The beauty is that you can use the same antenna for both of these types of communications. Additionally if your antenna is capable of operating on multiple bands (frequency ranges), you may be able to mount it such that one band is NVIS and the other is DX (long distance).
Won't a bigger antenna work better?
This may seem logical, but there are limits. If the antenna is too large, you will see decreased performance. Additionally the length of an antenna can affect how it radiates RF energy if it is used for transmitting. This may make the antenna perform worse if it is too long. In general though, for reception, the bigger the better.
Can't I just use a coat hanger?
For radio reception, any antenna that gets results is fine. A coat hanger or wet string may work, but other things would be better. Generally, the better a conductor the metal is, the better it will perform. Aluminum foil works well, especially compared to a wet string.
Can I replace the antenna on my radio?
Maybe. Some radios it is illegal to change the antenna. This is to prevent people from pushing out too much power when they transmit. Other radios have special antennas that the radio will rely on when it transmits, if you change the antenna you may harm the radio when you transmit. In general as long as you replace the antenna with one of a similar type it will work, especially if it is a receiver and not a transmitter that you are connecting it to. With transmitters you need to match the resonant frequency and RF impedance (more on this later).
What is the best antenna?
This question is impossible to answer by itself. Antennas are tools, it depends on the radio you have, how you are going to use it, and what materials and space are available to you. A 10 foot antenna may work well if you are at a base location, however it will be difficult to carry around and use in a portable situation.
Are antennas dangerous?
YES! If you are transmitting through an antenna with any amount of power you can get a burn or start a fire with an antenna. For receiving, the only danger is poking your eye out because you did not see the antenna. Those foam antenna balls for cars are great for home scanners to prevent this. Mobile phones and most handheld transmitters do not transmit enough power to cause problems, however larger mobile or base units can. The tips of the antenna are generally hotter than the place where the feedline connects.
- Bandwidth - this is the frequency range that an antenna is suitable for. This is usually expressed as the range (300khz for example) and not the specific frequencies.
- wire antenna suitable for transmitting. It can be made for any frequency, however it is more practical for higher frequencies. FRS, GMRS, 2m/70cm Ham, MURS even CB are all suitable for this antenna.
- wire antenna better suited for lower frequency transmitting. This antenna can be used in a variety of different ways to provide a variety of different solutions to the problem of how do you get a signal from your radio to someone elses. this can be made for all frequencies.
- vertical antenna made out of coax cable. With high gain properties this antenna is idea for base operations and due to size it is not as portable. This antenna is really only practical for FRS, GMRS, 2m and above Ham, and MURS due to the resulting size that would exist.
- improve the performance of your hand held with a simple strand of wire
- How to tie a roll up dipole or similar types of wire antennas
- How to help prevent your flexible HT (hand held transceiver) antenna from breaking | <urn:uuid:5b9c67a3-926c-430c-b629-580acb599070> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.zombiehunters.org/wiki/index.php?title=Homebrew_antennas&oldid=6404 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00215-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929237 | 1,394 | 3.953125 | 4 |
One of the most spectacular physiographic images of the conterminous United States, and the first to have been produced digitally, is that by Thelin and Pike (USGS I-2206, 1991). The image is remarkable for its crispness of detail and for the natural appearance of the artificial land surface. Our goal has been to produce a shaded-relief image of Alaska that has the same look and feel as the Thelin and Pike image. The Alaskan image could have been produced at the same scale as its lower 48 counterpart (1:3,500,000). But by insetting the Aleutian Islands into the Gulf of Alaska, we were able to print the Alaska map at a larger scale (1:2,500,000) and about the same physical size as the Thelin and Pike image. Benefits of the 1:2,500,000 scale are (1) greater resolution of topographic features and (2) ease of reference to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (1987) Alaska Map E and the statewide geologic map (Beikman, 1980), which are both 1:2,500,000 scale.
Manually drawn, shaded-relief images of Alaska's land surface have long been available (for example, Department of the Interior, 1909; Raisz, 1948). The topography depicted on these early maps is mainly schematic. Maps showing topographic contours were first available for the entire State in 1953 (USGS, 1:250,000) (J.H. Wittmann, USGS, written commun., 1996). The Alaska Map E was initially released in 1954 in both planimetric (revised in 1973 and 1987) and shaded-relief versions (revised in 1973, 1987, and 1996); topography depicted on the shaded-relief version is based on the 1:250,000-scale USGS topographic maps. Alaska Map E was later modified to include hypsometric tinting by Raven Maps and Images (1989, revised 1993) as copyrighted versions. Other shaded-relief images were produced for The National Geographic Magazine (LaGorce, 1956; 1:3,000,000) or drawn by Harrison (1970; 1:7,500,000) for The National Atlas of the United States. Recently, the State of Alaska digitally produced a shaded-relief image of Alaska at 1:2,500,000 scale (Alaska Department of Natural Resources, 1994), using the 1,000-m digital elevation data set referred to below.
An important difference between our image and these previous ones is the method of reproduction: like the Thelin and Pike (1991) image, our image is a composite of halftone images that yields sharp resolution and preserves contrast. Indeed, the first impression of many viewers is that the Alaskan image and the Thelin and Pike image are composites of satellite-generated photographs rather than an artificial rendering of a digital elevation model.
A shaded-relief image represents landforms in a natural fashion; that is, a viewer perceives the image as a rendering of reality. Thus a shaded-relief image is intrinsically appealing, especially in areas of spectacular relief. In addition, even subtle physiographic features that reflect geologic structures or the type of bedrock are visible. To our knowledge, some of these Alaskan features have not been depicted before and so the image should provide earth scientists with a new "look" at fundamental geologic features of Alaska.
Download the explanatory pamphlet as an 11-page PDF (i2585_pamphlet.pdf; 288 kB). (This pamphlet includes a two-page spread for figure 2 that is linked as a separate file from within the PDF; you can also download it by itself i2585_fig2.pdf).
Download the map as a ~37" x 28" PDF (i2585_map.pdf; 13.8 MB).
Download the map as a ~36" x 27" TIF image (i2585_map.tif; 59.6 MB).
For questions regarding this report, contact Marti Miller.
Download a free copy of Adobe Reader
This map and the accompanying pamphlet are also available from:
Services, Box 25286,
Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225
telephone: 888-ASK-USGS; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
URL of this page:
Maintained by: Michael Diggles
Created: May 11, 2007
Last modified: May 14, 2007 (mfd) | <urn:uuid:4ee28f36-50b0-4a1b-94e8-961b923cf04e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2585/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.923464 | 980 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Do the Games Children Play - Guide their Future
While in primary school, age group Five and a half year old to Thirteen year old, were we, unbeknown to us already being formed and molded,into what we would become in later life? no not by the education system, but by our interaction with each other, and we played those games? Are these the real building blocks of how we would conduct our lives and business ethics in later years and if so, would it influence what make of ourselves in the world of business in years to come?
A strange question?
Marbles - first leason in economics
Marbles, they came in a string bag, which contained, if my memory serves me correctly, six marbles or arlies, as well as one goon. This was for the princely cost 1 tickey, which was a quarter of a shilling, pre-decimalisation prices.
How may you ask has this got anything to do with economics? Well firstly what was the use of marbles. It was a game of skill and strategy, that had a variety of variations, some I may have forgotten, but the ultimate objective was to acquire more marbles than you started out with.
The spoils were proudly carried around from playground to classroom and back again, in one of your old school socks, by most of us. There were those who had old bank bags, and the like, to demonstrate their prowess at the game. This is not always true, it was in actuality a display of there cunning, carnival artistry and or gamesmanship.
Then there were the players
That was most us, a lot of grubby, scuffed shoed individuals that played which ever game was available. We honed our skills and practised whenever we could, at perfecting our aim over the various distances that the games required.
A circle was drawn in the sand, a lone marble was placed in the center of that circle, he was the owner of that game. From the centre of the circle at a piont , 'x" number of paces away a line was drawn, this was were the players stood. This was usually the one played by a group of friends, playing order would be established by, either "Rock, Paper Scissors" or the order their surnames.
The object was to pitch your marble at the target marble, to hit hit out of the circle, with your marble also going out of the circle.
Clean Play. You then retained both marbles and the 'owner' of the circle would place another marble down in the centre.
If you did not acheive a clean hit and either missed the target marble or failed to get them both outside, you then forfieted your marble, and it stayed joined the marble in the circle.
Once there were several marbles within the circle, they all became target marbles and the rule applied.
This game lasted as long as the playtime or break period, and at the end of that the owner would pick up the marbles that were in the circle, deposit them in his sock and go onto the next class.
These players would become at home within suberbia, and be the mainstream of society. Some venturing into new business, making a success or failure of it, They would be the norm and backbone of the economy.
Then there were the Serious Players
These were those that put up higher than the two to one stakes, these were run by, in most cases individuals, and in quite a few case by several players who combined spread the risk and shared the profits.
These were either 4 or 10 man shy's
The required sized pyramid of marbles was placed on the ground and the distances for each was paced out. The person who set it up sat behind his pyramid.
It was a fairly free for all type affair, as player after player would try and knock down the pyramid in order to claim the spoils. If you missed you lost.
There was a certain amount of gamanship in setting up the pyramid, as nothing could stop you from sprinkling some sand between the marbles to make it a bit more difficult fro them to be dislodged.
From this group of people one would expect our more affluent movers and shakers, taking the risks, that is needed to expand our economy.
Finally the Showmen
This was the games made out of a shoe box. This was a simple way of clearing up the most marbles, with the least chance of paying out too many wins in a single break period.
It was simple to make. You needed a pair of scissors, ruler and a pencil. With this you had a licence to collect marbles in a serious way.
Construction simple. Place the box on a table with the lid off, and the bottom of the box facing the ceiling.
Take a marble and your pencil, at regular intervals across the the long side of the box mark off the space for little doors, the width of a marble, and slightly higher than a marble, about five doors should do.
Carefully cut out the marked doors. Check to see if a marble can actually fit through into the doorway. It must be possible for them to go in. Once you have adjusted them so that they all work, you decide on the amount of marbles you are going to give them for getting their marble in, We always worked with 2, through to six. Mark each gate or doorway with its value.
Set up your box, draw your line, again a free for all as to who wants to play, payout their winnings and collect their losses.
Where are these entrepreneurially spirited ones today? High flyer's and .......
Do they influence your self and or your childrenSee results without voting
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A pickled and smoked pork hock, the skin grilled it to a golden brown brittly crunch. Served with mustard sauerkrauet and boiled potatotoes. A German Speciality.
Memeories from childhood, frugality a its best. Makiing use of scraps to produce a three different tasty treats. Lessons fro the 50's which my father had learned in in the 30's when frugality was the order of the... | <urn:uuid:e0d9a6bc-dfce-4a1e-85fd-91b4d336a945> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hubpages.com/education/Playground-Economics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00127-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984924 | 1,297 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Aromatherapy Massage - Relaxation Techniques Using Essential Oils
Aromatherapy massage is a really distinctive type of massage that incorporates the use of specific, aromatic, natural essential oils to a massage treatment. The massage usually involves alternating between hard and soft pressure with a distinctive combination of aromatic, natural essential oils used. Aromatherapy massage therapy promotes relaxation and stimulates the senses. This treatment is highly popular particularly for stress and strain relief.
Many people suffer from chronic pain or trauma due to overexertion, stress, aging, or other disorders. Through massage therapy the practitioner applies soothing pressure on the muscles, joints, and connective tissues in the complete body to release muscle tension and reduce pain. This promotes relaxation, improves circulation, and promotes overall health by providing the body with an chance to heal itself. Aromatherapy massage helps promote a feeling of well-being and comfort, which enables the person to be more active and take on activities of daily living with a lot more ease.
Aromatherapy massage may be used on the painful areas of the body using different essential oils such as lavender, chamomile, and Rosemary. These oils are often combined with carrier oils such as jojoba, rose hip seed, and rice bran oil. A massage therapist will determine what areas of the body using that natural ingredients and which carrier oils will offer the best benefits. Aromatherapy massage is very gentle to offer a soothing, relieving effect that also promotes healing. This therapy provides a natural way of relaxation that promotes healing and relaxation.
Massage therapists also use various types of music in a massage 창원출장안마 therapy session. Music is often an integral element of a massage therapy to help a client to relax and escape any negative ideas. Music is most often chosen by the massage therapists themselves based on the needs of the individual receiving the massage. Some common music selected includes oriental, classical, gospel, as well as country music. The type of music chosen depends upon the individual preferences of the massage therapists.
Aromatherapy massage isn't restricted to the use of massage oil or cream on the skin. An essential oil is often used to provide a calming or energizing sensation on the skin of the person receiving the treatment. Aromatherapy essential oils include eucalyptus, peppermint, geranium, jasmine, lavender, meadow pine, rose, and sandalwood.
There are many health benefits associated with aromatherapy massage therapy. Many of these benefits are not associated with physical pain or distress but our mental and psychological in nature. By way of example, the act of receiving a massage gets the ability to increase one's general sense of wellbeing and comfort. It also has the power to reduce one's stress level and increase one's overall mental awareness. Aromatherapy provides a very relaxing and fun experience.
Massage therapy is a very natural form of health care that does not require the ingestion of any medicines, drugs, or surgical procedures. Aromatherapy massage therapists aren't allowed to give a person's medication to help them with their illness if it's contrary to the express wishes of the patient. Aromatherapy massage therapists are also permitted to use essential oils to help their patients. Using essential oils during massage therapy has been practiced for centuries. The key essential oils used are rose, lemon, lavender, peppermint, jasmine, and rose. These essential oils are all natural, safe materials that don't have any ill side effects.
When performed correctly, aromatherapy massage can have the same positive effects that a real massage therapist could have on the skin. The only distinction is the application of the essential oils on the individual's body. The use of these oils will have the effect of relaxation on the person's muscles. When the muscles are relaxed, the massage therapist is able to work deeper into the muscles of the customer. It's essential that the massage therapist knows how much essential oil to apply on the skin in order to have a positive effect on the skin.
Prenatal Massage Therapy - Have Adorable Benefits For Mothers-To-Be
When searching for relief from swollen joints and stiff muscles during pregnancy (which, trust us, is rather a frequent occurrence ), consider massage! There are several reasons you should add massage into your lifestyle, regardless of whether it's a quick foot massage from the trusted partner or a prenatal massage conducted by an expert. The massage provides relief to sore muscles, calm whiplash, improve range of motion, ease colic, etc.. What's more, regular massage sessions strengthen the bond between child and mother, developing a happy, satisfying pregnancy.
Even though there's absolutely no consensus about the benefits of massage during pregnancy, many women swear by it. Along with strengthening the bond between child and mother, massage can also reduce the possibility of jelqing labour and increase the odds of early labour. Pre-term labour occurs when an expectant mother suffers from cervicitis or placenta abruption before she gives birth. While this condition can happen at any moment, more so during the last month of the pregnancy, it's more likely to occur prior to 24 months of conception.
If you experience pain, cramping or other similar symptoms during intercourse, you should see your doctor immediately. Strong or sudden pressure can cause severe discomfort and shouldn't be ignored. In case you've given birth before and are worried about a problem reoccurring, you should ensure that you pay a visit to a massage therapist soon after childbirth. A massage therapist might have the ability to provide you with an effective massage that relieves pain brought on by childbirth.
Even if you've had a successful pregnancy, there is no guarantee that you won't have any one in the future. It's always important to be prepared. Therefore, it's always a good idea to talk to your doctor about miscarriage prevention and any other medical concerns. This can help to stop undesirable stress and anxiety that can affect your pregnancy. If you're already full duration, you should avoid prenatal massage since it will only increase your chances of experiencing miscarriage again.
It's also important that you know about the possible side effects of prenatal massage. Heavy or recurrent pressure can sometimes result in scar tissue formation around the uterus. This is most likely to occur to women with high blood pressure. As a result, you should always consult with your doctor about the possible side effects of prenatal massage. You should also bear in mind that it's been reported that girls who were exposed to massage were at a higher chance of developing hypertension.
It's widely known that stress is well known to have many benefits for women that are pregnant. One of these benefits is helping alleviate muscle spasms associated with morning sickness. However, in case you have a history of miscarriages, miscarriage prevention through massage might not be advocated. There is no direct evidence that massage may actually stop a miscarriage, however there are many benefits of doing this.
The final thing you need to know about prenatal massage is that it can be helpful for preterm babies. The delivery of a preterm infant might be extremely stressful for the mom. Many women report feeling extremely sore and bloated. By doing preterm massage, you can help to alleviate muscle spasms, cramps, and other distress that are associated with preterm delivery.
In general, there are lots of positive advantages related to prenatal massage. Along with having the ability to naturally relieve some of the distress associated with massage has many additional benefits. Women that are pregnant are much more likely to acquire good pregnancy health than girls that are not. By receiving advanced training in massage therapy, you can help to ensure that your body is in optimum physical condition during your pregnancy and pregnancy. | <urn:uuid:b67d26f4-dca0-4e27-8890-3a00cecb00db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://massage9whyttaqjqi.theburnward.com/20-gifts-you-can-give-your-boss-if-they-love-chang-wonchuljangmasaji | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.952794 | 1,591 | 1.632813 | 2 |
ERIC Number: EJ1035507
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2014-Jun
Abstractor: As Provided
Reference Count: N/A
Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity as Perceived by Older Adults with Intellectual Disability
van Schijndel-Speet, Marieke; Evenhuis, Heleen M.; van Wijck, Ruud; van Empelen, Pepijn; Echteld, Michael A.
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, v52 n3 p175-186 Jun 2014
Older people with intellectual disability (ID) are characterized by low physical activity (PA) levels. PA is important for reducing health risks and maintaining adequate fitness levels for performing activities of daily living. The aim of this study was to explore preferences of older adults with ID for specific physical activities, and to gain insight into facilitators and barriers to engaging into PA. Fourteen in-depth interviews and four focus groups were undertaken, with a total of 40 older adults with mild and moderate ID included in the analysis. NVivo software was used for analysing the transcribed verbatim interviews. In total, 30 codes for facilitators and barriers were identified. Themes concerning facilitators to PA were enjoyment, support from others, social contact and friendship, reward, familiarity, and routine of activities. Themes concerning barriers to PA were health and physiological factors, lack of self-confidence, lack of skills, lack of support, transportation problems, costs, and lack of appropriate PA options and materials. The results of the present study suggest that older adults with ID may benefit from specific PA programs, adapted to their individual needs and limitations. Results can be used for developing feasible health promotion programs for older adults with ID.
Descriptors: Older Adults, Mental Retardation, Physical Activity Level, Preferences, Physical Activities, Barriers, Interviews, Focus Groups, Mild Mental Retardation, Moderate Mental Retardation, Coding, Psychological Patterns, Interpersonal Relationship, Friendship, Rewards, Familiarity, Physical Health, Self Esteem, Skills, Transportation, Costs
American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. P.O. Box 1897, Lawrence, KS 66044-1897. Tel: 785-843-1235; Fax: 785-843-1274; e-mail: AJMR@allenpress.com; Web site: http://aaidd.allenpress.com
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A | <urn:uuid:68ddfcf6-0dca-4b41-bc15-2e023709ee96> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1035507 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00098-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.892427 | 537 | 1.78125 | 2 |
The 9-11 Commission Report
13 HOW TO DO IT? A DIFFERENT WAY OF ORGANIZING THE GOVERNMENT
As presently configured, the national security institutions of the U. S. government are still the institutions constructed to win the Cold War. The United States confronts a very different world today. Instead of facing a few very dangerous adversaries, the United States confronts a number of less visible challenges that surpass the boundaries of traditional nation-states and call for quick, imaginative, and agile responses.
The men and women of the World War II generation rose to the challenges of the 1940s and 1950s. They restructured the government so that it could protect the country. That is now the job of the generation that experienced 9/11.
Those attacks showed, emphatically, that ways of doing business rooted in a different era are just not good enough. Americans should not settle for incremental, ad hoc adjustments to a system designed generations ago for a world that no longer exists.
We recommend significant changes in the organization of the government.
We know that the quality of the people is more important than the quality of the wiring diagrams. Some of the saddest aspects of the 9/11 story are the outstanding efforts of so many individual officials straining, often without success, against the boundaries of the possible. Good people can overcome bad structures.
They should not have to.
The United States has the resources and the people. The government should combine them more effectively, achieving unity of effort. We offer five major recommendations to do that:
• unifying strategic intelligence and operational planning against Islamist terrorists across the foreign-domestic divide with a National Counterterrorism Center;
• unifying the intelligence community with a new National Intelligence Director;
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• unifying the many participants in the counterterrorism effort and their knowledge in a network-based information-sharing system that transcends traditional governmental boundaries;
• unifying and strengthening congressional oversight to improve quality and accountability; and • strengthening the FBI and homeland defenders.
13. 1 UNITY OF EFFORT ACROSS THE FOREIGN-DOMESTIC DIVIDE
Joint Action Much of the public commentary about the 9/11 attacks has dealt with “lost opportunities, ”some of which we reviewed in chapter 11. These are often characterized as problems of “watchlisting, ” of “information sharing, ” or of “connecting the dots. ” In chapter 11 we explained that these labels are too narrow.
They describe the symptoms, not the disease.
In each of our examples, no one was firmly in charge of managing the case and able to draw relevant intelligence from anywhere in the government, assign responsibilities across the agencies (foreign or domestic), track progress, and quickly bring obstacles up to the level where they could be resolved. Responsibility and accountability were diffuse.
The agencies cooperated, some of the time. But even such cooperation as there was is not the same thing as joint action. When agencies cooperate, one defines the problem and seeks help with it. When they act jointly, the problem and options for action are defined differently from the start. Individuals from different backgrounds come together in analyzing a case and planning how to manage it.
In our hearings we regularly asked witnesses:Who is the quarterback? The other players are in their positions, doing their jobs. But who is calling the play that assigns roles to help them execute as a team?
Since 9/11, those issues have not been resolved. In some ways joint work has gotten better, and in some ways worse. The effort of fighting terrorism has flooded over many of the usual agency boundaries because of its sheer quantity and energy. Attitudes have changed. Officials are keenly conscious of trying to avoid the mistakes of 9/11. They try to share information. They circulate--even to the President--practically every reported threat, however dubious.
Partly because of all this effort, the challenge of coordinating it has multiplied.
Before 9/11, the CIA was plainly the lead agency confronting al Qaeda.
The FBI played a very secondary role. The engagement of the departments of Defense and State was more episodic.
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• Today the CIA is still central. But the FBI is much more active, along with other parts of the Justice Department.
• The Defense Department effort is now enormous. Three of its unified commands, each headed by a four-star general, have counterterrorism as a primary mission: Special Operations Command, Central Command (both headquartered in Florida), and Northern Command (headquartered in Colorado).
• A new Department of Homeland Security combines formidable resources in border and transportation security, along with analysis of domestic vulnerability and other tasks.
• The State Department has the lead on many of the foreign policy tasks we described in chapter 12.
• At the White House, the National Security Council (NSC) now is joined by a parallel presidential advisory structure, the Homeland Security Council.
So far we have mentioned two reasons for joint action--the virtue of joint planning and the advantage of having someone in charge to ensure a unified effort. There is a third: the simple shortage of experts with sufficient skills. The limited pool of critical experts--for example, skilled counterterrorism analysts and linguists--is being depleted. Expanding these capabilities will require not just money, but time.
Primary responsibility for terrorism analysis has been assigned to the Terrorist Threat Integration Center (TTIC), created in 2003, based at the CIA headquarters but staffed with representatives of many agencies, reporting directly to the Director of Central Intelligence. Yet the CIA houses another intelligence “fusion” center: the Counterterrorist Center that played such a key role before 9/11. A third major analytic unit is at Defense, in the Defense Intelligence Agency. A fourth, concentrating more on homeland vulnerabilities, is at the Department of Homeland Security. The FBI is in the process of building the analytic capability it has long lacked, and it also has the Terrorist Screening Center. 1
The U. S. government cannot afford so much duplication of effort. There are not enough experienced experts to go around. The duplication also places extra demands on already hard-pressed single-source national technical intelligence collectors like the National Security Agency.
Combining Joint Intelligence and Joint Action A “smart”government would integrate all sources of information to see the enemy as a whole. Integrated all-source analysis should also inform and shape strategies to collect more intelligence. Yet the Terrorist Threat Integration Center, while it has primary responsibility for terrorism analysis, is formally proscribed from hav
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ing any oversight or operational authority and is not part of any operational entity, other than reporting to the director of central intelligence. 2
The government now tries to handle the problem of joint management, informed by analysis of intelligence from all sources, in two ways.
• First, agencies with lead responsibility for certain problems have constructed their own interagency entities and task forces in order to get cooperation. The Counterterrorist Center at CIA, for example, recruits liaison officers from throughout the intelligence community.
The military’s Central Command has its own interagency center, recruiting liaison officers from all the agencies from which it might need help. The FBI has Joint Terrorism Task Forces in 84 locations to coordinate the activities of other agencies when action may be required.
• Second, the problem of joint operational planning is often passed to the White House, where the NSC staff tries to play this role. The national security staff at theWhite House (both NSC and new Homeland Security Council staff) has already become 50 percent larger since 9/11. But our impression, after talking to serving officials, is that even this enlarged staff is consumed by meetings on day-to-day issues, sifting each day’s threat information and trying to coordinate everyday operations.
Even as it crowds into every square inch of available office space, the NSC staff is still not sized or funded to be an executive agency. In chapter 3 we described some of the problems that arose in the 1980s when a White House staff, constitutionally insulated from the usual mechanisms of oversight, became involved in direct operations. During the 1990s Richard Clarke occasionally tried to exercise such authority, sometimes successfully, but often causing friction.
Yet a subtler and more serious danger is that as the NSC staff is consumed by these day-to-day tasks, it has less capacity to find the time and detachment needed to advise a president on larger policy issues. That means less time to work on major new initiatives, help with legislative management to steer needed bills through Congress, and track the design and implementation of the strategic plans for regions, countries, and issues that we discuss in chapter 12.
Much of the job of operational coordination remains with the agencies, especially the CIA. There DCI Tenet and his chief aides ran interagency meetings nearly every day to coordinate much of the government’s day-to-day work. The DCI insisted he did not make policy and only oversaw its implementation.
In the struggle against terrorism these distinctions seem increasingly artificial. Also, as the DCI becomes a lead coordinator of the government’s
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operations, it becomes harder to play all the position’s other roles, including that of analyst in chief.
The problem is nearly intractable because of the way the government is currently structured. Lines of operational authority run to the expanding executive departments, and they are guarded for understandable reasons: the DCI commands the CIA’s personnel overseas; the secretary of defense will not yield to others in conveying commands to military forces; the Justice Department will not give up the responsibility of deciding whether to seek arrest warrants.
But the result is that each agency or department needs its own intelligence apparatus to support the performance of its duties. It is hard to “break down stovepipes” when there are so many stoves that are legally and politically entitled to have cast-iron pipes of their own.
Recalling the Goldwater-Nichols legislation of 1986, Secretary Rumsfeld reminded us that to achieve better joint capability, each of the armed services had to “give up some of their turf and authorities and prerogatives. ”Today, he said, the executive branch is “stove-piped much like the four services were nearly 20 years ago. ” He wondered if it might be appropriate to ask agencies to “give up some of their existing turf and authority in exchange for a stronger, faster, more efficient government wide joint effort. ”3 Privately, other key officials have made the same point to us.
We therefore propose a new institution: a civilian-led unified joint command for counterterrorism. It should combine strategic intelligence and joint operational planning.
In the Pentagon’s Joint Staff, which serves the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, intelligence is handled by the J-2 directorate, operational planning by J-3, and overall policy by J-5. Our concept combines the J-2 and J-3 functions (intelligence and operational planning) in one agency, keeping overall policy coordination where it belongs, in the National Security Council.
Recommendation: We recommend the establishment of a National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), built on the foundation of the existing Terrorist Threat Integration Center (TTIC). Breaking the older mold of national government organization, this NCTC should be a center for joint operational planning and joint intelligence, staffed by personnel from the various agencies. The head of the NCTC
should have authority to evaluate the performance of the people assigned to the Center.
• Such a joint center should be developed in the same spirit that guided the military’s creation of unified joint commands, or the shaping of earlier national agencies like the National Reconnaissance Office, which was formed to organize the work of the CIA and several defense agencies in space.
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NCTC--Intelligence. The NCTC should lead strategic analysis, pooling all-source intelligence, foreign and domestic, about transnational terrorist organizations with global reach. It should develop net assessments (comparing enemy capabilities and intentions against U. S. defenses and countermeasures). It should also provide warning.
It should do this work by drawing on the efforts of the CIA, FBI, Homeland Security, and other departments and agencies. It should task collection requirements both inside and outside the United States.
• The intelligence function (J-2) should build on the existing TTIC structure and remain distinct, as a national intelligence center, within the NCTC. As the government’s principal knowledge bank on Islamist terrorism, with the main responsibility for strategic analysis and net assessment, it should absorb a significant portion of the analytical talent now residing in the CIA’s Counterterrorist Center and the DIA’s Joint Intelligence Task Force--Combatting Terrorism (JITF-CT).
NCTC--Operations. The NCTC should perform joint planning.
The plans would assign operational responsibilities to lead agencies, such as State, the CIA, the FBI, Defense and its combatant commands, Homeland Security, and other agencies. The NCTC should not direct the actual execution of these operations, leaving that job to the agencies.
The NCTC would then track implementation; it would look across the foreign-domestic divide and across agency boundaries, updating plans to follow through on cases. 4
• The joint operational planning function (J-3) will be new to theTTIC structure. The NCTC can draw on analogous work now being done in the CIA and every other involved department of the government, as well as reaching out to knowledgeable officials in state and local agencies throughout the United States.
• The NCTC should not be a policymaking body. Its operations and planning should follow the policy direction of the president and the National Security Council.
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NCTC--Authorities. The head of the NCTC should be appointed by the president, and should be equivalent in rank to a deputy head of a cabinet department. The head of the NCTC would report to the national intelligence director, an office whose creation we recommend below, placed in the Executive Office of the President. The head of the NCTC would thus also report indirectly to the president. This official’s nomination should be confirmed by the Senate and he or she should testify to the Congress, as is the case now with other statutory presidential offices, like the U. S. trade representative.
• To avoid the fate of other entities with great nominal authority and little real power, the head of the NCTC must have the right to concur in the choices of personnel to lead the operating entities of the departments and agencies focused on counterterrorism, specifically including the head of the Counterterrorist Center, the head of the FBI’s Counterterrorism Division, the commanders of the Defense Department’s Special Operations Command and Northern Command, and the State Department’s coordinator for counterterrorism. 5
The head of the NCTC should also work with the director of the Office of Management and Budget in developing the president’s counterterrorism budget.
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• There are precedents for surrendering authority for joint planning while preserving an agency’s operational control. In the international context, NATO commanders may get line authority over forces assigned by other nations. In U. S. unified commands, commanders plan operations that may involve units belonging to one of the services.
In each case, procedures are worked out, formal and informal, to define the limits of the joint commander’s authority.
The most serious disadvantage of the NCTC is the reverse of its greatest virtue.
The struggle against Islamist terrorism is so important that any clear-cut centralization of authority to manage and be accountable for it may concentrate too much power in one place. The proposed NCTC would be given the authority of planning the activities of other agencies. Law or executive order must define the scope of such line authority.
The NCTC would not eliminate interagency policy disputes. These would still go to the National Security Council. To improve coordination at theWhite House, we believe the existing Homeland Security Council should soon be merged into a single National Security Council. The creation of the NCTC should help the NSC staff concentrate on its core duties of assisting the president and supporting interdepartmental policymaking.
We recognize that this is a new and difficult idea precisely because the authorities we recommend for the NCTC really would, as Secretary Rumsfeld foresaw, ask strong agencies to “give up some of their turf and authority in exchange for a stronger, faster, more efficient government wide joint effort. ”
Countering transnational Islamist terrorism will test whether the U. S. government can fashion more flexible models of management needed to deal with the twenty-first-century world.
An argument against change is that the nation is at war, and cannot afford to reorganize in midstream. But some of the main innovations of the 1940s and 1950s, including the creation of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and even the construction of the Pentagon itself, were undertaken in the midst of war. Surely the country cannot wait until the struggle against Islamist terrorism is over.
“Surprise, when it happens to a government, is likely to be a complicated, diffuse, bureaucratic thing. It includes neglect of responsibility, but also responsibility so poorly defined or so ambiguously delegated that action gets lost. ”6
That comment was made more than 40 years ago, about Pearl Harbor. We hope another commission, writing in the future about another attack, does not again find this quotation to be so apt.
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13. 2 UNITY OF EFFORT IN THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
In our first section, we concentrated on counterterrorism, discussing how to combine the analysis of information from all sources of intelligence with the joint planning of operations that draw on that analysis. In this section, we step back from looking just at the counterterrorism problem. We reflect on whether the government is organized adequately to direct resources and build the intelligence capabilities it will need not just for countering terrorism, but for the broader range of national security challenges in the decades ahead.
The Need for a Change During the Cold War, intelligence agencies did not depend on seamless integration to track and count the thousands of military targets--such as tanks and missiles--fielded by the Soviet Union and other adversary states. Each agency concentrated on its specialized mission, acquiring its own information and then sharing it via formal, finished reports. The Department of Defense had given birth to and dominated the main agencies for technical collection of intelligence.
Resources were shifted at an incremental pace, coping with challenges that arose over years, even decades.
We summarized the resulting organization of the intelligence community in chapter 3. It is outlined below.
Members of the U. S. Intelligence Community Office of the Director of Central Intelligence, which includes the Office of the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence for Community Management, the Community Management Staff, theTerrorism Threat Integration Center, the National Intelligence Council, and other community offices The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which performs human source collection, all-source analysis, and advanced science and technology National intelligence agencies:
• National Security Agency (NSA), which performs signals collection and analysis • National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), which performs imagery collection and analysis
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• National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), which develops, acquires, and launches space systems for intelligence collection • Other national reconnaissance programs Departmental intelligence agencies:
• Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) of the Department of Defense • Intelligence entities of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines • Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) of the Department of State • Office of Terrorism and Finance Intelligence of the Department of Treasury • Office of Intelligence and the Counterterrorism and Counterintelligence Divisions of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the Department of Justice • Office of Intelligence of the Department of Energy • Directorate of Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection (IAIP) and Directorate of Coast Guard Intelligence of the Department of Homeland Security The need to restructure the intelligence community grows out of six problems that have become apparent before and after 9/11:
• Structural barriers to performing joint intelligence work. National intelligence is still organized around the collection disciplines of the home agencies, not the joint mission. The importance of integrated, allsource analysis cannot be overstated. Without it, it is not possible to “connect the dots. ” No one component holds all the relevant information.
By contrast, in organizing national defense, the Goldwater-Nichols legislation of 1986 created joint commands for operations in the field, the Unified Command Plan. The services--the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps--organize, train, and equip their people and units to perform their missions. Then they assign personnel and units to the joint combatant commander, like the commanding general of the Central Command (CENTCOM). The Goldwater-
Nichols Act required officers to serve tours outside their service in order to win promotion. The culture of the Defense Department was
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transformed, its collective mind-set moved from service-specific to “joint, ” and its operations became more integrated. 7
• Lack of common standards and practices across the foreign-domestic divide. The leadership of the intelligence community should be able to pool information gathered overseas with information gathered in the United States, holding the work--wherever it is done--to a common standard of quality in how it is collected, processed (e. g. , translated), reported, shared, and analyzed. A common set of personnel standards for intelligence can create a group of professionals better able to operate in joint activities, transcending their own service-specific mind-sets.
• Divided management of national intelligence capabilities. While the CIA was once “central” to our national intelligence capabilities, following the end of the Cold War it has been less able to influence the use of the nation’s imagery and signals intelligence capabilities in three national agencies housed within the Department of Defense: the National Security Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, and the National Reconnaissance Office. One of the lessons learned from the 1991 Gulf War was the value of national intelligence systems (satellites in particular) in precision warfare. Since that war, the department has appropriately drawn these agencies into its transformation of the military. Helping to orchestrate this transformation is the under secretary of defense for intelligence, a position established by Congress after 9/11. An unintended consequence of these developments has been the far greater demand made by Defense on technical systems, leaving the DCI less able to influence how these technical resources are allocated and used.
• Weak capacity to set priorities and move resources. The agencies are mainly organized around what they collect or the way they collect it. But the priorities for collection are national. As the DCI makes hard choices about moving resources, he or she must have the power to reach across agencies and reallocate effort.
• Too many jobs. The DCI now has at least three jobs. He is expected to run a particular agency, the CIA. He is expected to manage the loose confederation of agencies that is the intelligence community. He is expected to be the analyst in chief for the government, sifting evidence and directly briefing the President as his principal intelligence adviser. No recent DCI has been able to do all three effectively. Usually what loses out is management of the intelligence community, a difficult task even in the best case because the DCI’s current authorities are weak. With so much to do, the DCI often has not used even the authority he has.
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• Too complex and secret. Over the decades, the agencies and the rules surrounding the intelligence community have accumulated to a depth that practically defies public comprehension. There are now 15 agencies or parts of agencies in the intelligence community. The community and the DCI’s authorities have become arcane matters, understood only by initiates after long study. Even the most basic information about how much money is actually allocated to or within the intelligence community and most of its key components is shrouded from public view.
The current DCI is responsible for community performance but lacks the three authorities critical for any agency head or chief executive officer: (1) control over purse strings, (2) the ability to hire or fire senior managers, and (3) the ability to set standards for the information infrastructure and personnel. 8
The only budget power of the DCI over agencies other than the CIA lies in coordinating the budget requests of the various intelligence agencies into a single program for submission to Congress. The overall funding request of the 15 intelligence entities in this program is then presented to the president and Congress in 15 separate volumes.
When Congress passes an appropriations bill to allocate money to intelligence agencies, most of their funding is hidden in the Defense Department in order to keep intelligence spending secret. Therefore, although the House and Senate Intelligence committees are the authorizing committees for funding of the intelligence community, the final budget review is handled in the Defense Subcommittee of the Appropriations committees. Those committees have no subcommittees just for intelligence, and only a few members and staff review the requests.
The appropriations for the CIA and the national intelligence agencies--
NSA, NGA, and NRO--are then given to the secretary of defense. The secretary transfers the CIA’s money to the DCI but disburses the national agencies’ money directly. Money for the FBI’s national security components falls within the appropriations for Commerce, Justice, and State and goes to the attorney general. 9
In addition, the DCI lacks hire-and-fire authority over most of the intelligence community’s senior managers. For the national intelligence agencies housed in the Defense Department, the secretary of defense must seek the DCI’s concurrence regarding the nomination of these directors, who are presidentially appointed. But the secretary may submit recommendations to the president without receiving this concurrence. The DCI cannot fire these officials. The DCI has even less influence over the head of the FBI’s national security component, who is appointed by the attorney general in consultation with the DCI. 10
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Combining Joint Work with Stronger Management We have received recommendations on the topic of intelligence reform from many sources. Other commissions have been over this same ground. Thoughtful bills have been introduced, most recently a bill by the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee Porter Goss (R-Fla. ), and another by the ranking minority member, Jane Harman (D-Calif. ). In the Senate, Senators Bob Graham (D-Fla. ) and Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif. ) have introduced reform proposals as well. Past efforts have foundered, because the president did not support them; because the DCI, the secretary of defense, or both opposed them;
and because some proposals lacked merit. We have tried to take stock of these experiences, and borrow from strong elements in many of the ideas that have already been developed by others.
Recommendation:The current position of Director of Central Intelligence should be replaced by a National Intelligence Director with two main areas of responsibility: (1) to oversee national intelligence centers on specific subjects of interest across the U. S. government and (2) to manage the national intelligence program and oversee the agencies that contribute to it.
First, the National Intelligence Director should oversee national intelligence centers to provide all-source analysis and plan intelligence operations for the whole government on major problems.
• One such problem is counterterrorism. In this case, we believe that the center should be the intelligence entity (formerly TTIC) inside the National Counterterrorism Center we have proposed. It would sit there alongside the operations management unit we described earlier, with both making up the NCTC, in the Executive Office of the President. Other national intelligence centers--for instance, on counterproliferation, crime and narcotics, and China--would be housed in whatever department or agency is best suited for them.
• The National Intelligence Director would retain the present DCI’s role as the principal intelligence adviser to the president. We hope the president will come to look directly to the directors of the national intelligence centers to provide all-source analysis in their areas of responsibility, balancing the advice of these intelligence chiefs against the contrasting viewpoints that may be offered by department heads at State, Defense, Homeland Security, Justice, and other agencies.
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Second, the National Intelligence Director should manage the national intelligence program and oversee the component agencies of the intelligence community. (See diagram. )11
• The National Intelligence Director would submit a unified budget for national intelligence that reflects priorities chosen by the National Security Council, an appropriate balance among the varieties of technical and human intelligence collection, and analysis. He or she would receive an appropriation for national intelligence and apportion the funds to the appropriate agencies, in line with that budget, and with authority to reprogram funds among the national intelligence agencies to meet any new priority (as counterterrorism was in the 1990s).
The National Intelligence Director should approve and submit nominations to the president of the individuals who would lead the CIA, DIA, FBI Intelligence Office, NSA, NGA, NRO, Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security, and other national intelligence capabilities. 12
• The National Intelligence Director would manage this national effort with the help of three deputies, each of whom would also hold a key position in one of the component agencies. 13
• foreign intelligence (the head of the CIA)
• defense intelligence (the under secretary of defense for intelligence)
• homeland intelligence (the FBI’s executive assistant director for intelligence or the under secretary of homeland security for information analysis and infrastructure protection)
Other agencies in the intelligence community would coordinate their work within each of these three areas, largely staying housed in the same departments or agencies that support them now.
Returning to the analogy of the Defense Department’s organization, these three deputies--like the leaders of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marines--would have the job of acquiring the systems, training the people, and executing the operations planned by the national intelligence centers.
And, just as the combatant commanders also report to the secretary of defense, the directors of the national intelligence centers--e. g. , for counterproliferation, crime and narcotics, and the rest--also would report to the National Intelligence Director.
• The Defense Department’s military intelligence programs--the joint military intelligence program (JMIP) and the tactical intelligence and related activities program (TIARA)--would remain part of that department’s responsibility.
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• The National Intelligence Director would set personnel policies to establish standards for education and training and facilitate assignments at the national intelligence centers and across agency lines. The National Intelligence Director also would set information sharing and information technology policies to maximize data sharing, as well as policies to protect the security of information.
• Too many agencies now have an opportunity to say no to change. The National Intelligence Director should participate in an NSC executive committee that can resolve differences in priorities among the agencies and bring the major disputes to the president for decision.
The National Intelligence Director should be located in the Executive Office of the President. This official, who would be confirmed by the Senate and would testify before Congress, would have a relatively small staff of several hundred people, taking the place of the existing community management offices housed at the CIA.
In managing the whole community, the National Intelligence Director is still providing a service function. With the partial exception of his or her responsibilities for overseeing the NCTC, the National Intelligence Director should support the consumers of national intelligence--the president and policymaking advisers such as the secretaries of state, defense, and homeland security and the attorney general.
We are wary of too easily equating government management problems with those of the private sector. But we have noticed that some very large private firms rely on a powerful CEO who has significant control over how money is spent and can hire or fire leaders of the major divisions, assisted by a relatively modest staff, while leaving responsibility for execution in the operating divisions.
There are disadvantages to separating the position of National Intelligence Director from the job of heading the CIA. For example, the National Intelligence Director will not head a major agency of his or her own and may have a weaker base of support. But we believe that these disadvantages are outweighed by several other considerations:
• The National Intelligence Director must be able to directly oversee intelligence collection inside the United States. Yet law and custom has counseled against giving such a plain domestic role to the head of the CIA.
• The CIA will be one among several claimants for funds in setting national priorities. The National Intelligence Director should not be both one of the advocates and the judge of them all.
• Covert operations tend to be highly tactical, requiring close attention.
The National Intelligence Director should rely on the relevant joint
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mission center to oversee these details, helping to coordinate closely with theWhite House. The CIA will be able to concentrate on building the capabilities to carry out such operations and on providing the personnel who will be directing and executing such operations in the field.
• Rebuilding the analytic and human intelligence collection capabilities of the CIA should be a full-time effort, and the director of the CIA should focus on extending its comparative advantages.
Recommendation: The CIA Director should emphasize (a) rebuilding the CIA’s analytic capabilities; (b) transforming the clandestine service by building its human intelligence capabilities; (c) developing a stronger language program, with high standards and sufficient financial incentives; (d) renewing emphasis on recruiting diversity among operations officers so they can blend more easily in foreign cities; (e) ensuring a seamless relationship between human source collection and signals collection at the operational level; and (f) stressing a better balance between unilateral and liaison operations.
The CIA should retain responsibility for the direction and execution of clandestine and covert operations, as assigned by the relevant national intelligence center and authorized by the National Intelligence Director and the president.
This would include propaganda, renditions, and nonmilitary disruption. We believe, however, that one important area of responsibility should change.
Recommendation: Lead responsibility for directing and executing paramilitary operations, whether clandestine or covert, should shift to the Defense Department. There it should be consolidated with the capabilities for training, direction, and execution of such operations already being developed in the Special Operations Command.
• Before 9/11, the CIA did not invest in developing a robust capability to conduct paramilitary operations with U. S. personnel. It relied on proxies instead, organized by CIA operatives without the requisite military training. The results were unsatisfactory.
• Whether the price is measured in either money or people, the United States cannot afford to build two separate capabilities for carrying out secret military operations, secretly operating standoff missiles, and secretly training foreign military or paramilitary forces. The United States should concentrate responsibility and necessary legal authorities in one entity.
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• The post-9/11 Afghanistan precedent of using joint CIA-military teams for covert and clandestine operations was a good one. We believe this proposal to be consistent with it. Each agency would concentrate on its comparative advantages in building capabilities for joint missions. The operation itself would be planned in common.
• The CIA has a reputation for agility in operations. The military has a reputation for being methodical and cumbersome. We do not know if these stereotypes match current reality; they may also be one more symptom of the civil-military misunderstandings we described in chapter 4. It is a problem to be resolved in policy guidance and agency management, not in the creation of redundant, overlapping capabilities and authorities in such sensitive work. The CIA’s experts should be integrated into the military’s training, exercises, and planning. To quote a CIA official now serving in the field:“One fight, one team. ”
Recommendation: Finally, to combat the secrecy and complexity we have described, the overall amounts of money being appropriated for national intelligence and to its component agencies should no longer be kept secret. Congress should pass a separate appropriations act for intelligence, defending the broad allocation of how these tens of billions of dollars have been assigned among the varieties of intelligence work.
The specifics of the intelligence appropriation would remain classified, as they are today. Opponents of declassification argue that America’s enemies could learn about intelligence capabilities by tracking the top-line appropriations figure. Yet the top-line figure by itself provides little insight into U. S. intelligence sources and methods. The U. S. government readily provides copious information about spending on its military forces, including military intelligence.
The intelligence community should not be subject to that much disclosure.
But when even aggregate categorical numbers remain hidden, it is hard to judge priorities and foster accountability.
13. 3 UNITY OF EFFORT IN SHARING INFORMATION
Information Sharing We have already stressed the importance of intelligence analysis that can draw on all relevant sources of information. The biggest impediment to all-source analysis--to a greater likelihood of connecting the dots--is the human or systemic resistance to sharing information.
The U. S. government has access to a vast amount of information. When databases not usually thought of as “intelligence, ” such as customs or immigra
HOW TO DO IT? 417
tion information, are included, the storehouse is immense. But the U. S. government has a weak system for processing and using what it has. In interviews around the government, official after official urged us to call attention to frustrations with the unglamorous “back office” side of government operations.
In the 9/11 story, for example, we sometimes see examples of information that could be accessed--like the undistributed NSA information that would have helped identify Nawaf al Hazmi in January 2000. But someone had to ask for it. In that case, no one did. Or, as in the episodes we describe in chapter 8, the information is distributed, but in a compartmented channel. Or the information is available, and someone does ask, but it cannot be shared.
What all these stories have in common is a system that requires a demonstrated “need to know” before sharing. This approach assumes it is possible to know, in advance, who will need to use the information. Such a system implicitly assumes that the risk of inadvertent disclosure outweighs the benefits of wider sharing. Those ColdWar assumptions are no longer appropriate. The culture of agencies feeling they own the information they gathered at taxpayer expense must be replaced by a culture in which the agencies instead feel they have a duty to the information--to repay the taxpayers’ investment by making that information available.
Each intelligence agency has its own security practices, outgrowths of the Cold War. We certainly understand the reason for these practices. Counterintelligence concerns are still real, even if the old Soviet enemy has been replaced by other spies.
But the security concerns need to be weighed against the costs. Current security requirements nurture overclassification and excessive compartmentation of information among agencies. Each agency’s incentive structure opposes sharing, with risks (criminal, civil, and internal administrative sanctions) but few rewards for sharing information. No one has to pay the long-term costs of overclassifying information, though these costs--even in literal financial terms--
are substantial. There are no punishments for not sharing information. Agencies uphold a “need-to-know” culture of information protection rather than promoting a “need-to-share” culture of integration. 15
Recommendation: Information procedures should provide incentives for sharing, to restore a better balance between security and shared knowledge.
Intelligence gathered about transnational terrorism should be processed, turned into reports, and distributed according to the same quality standards, whether it is collected in Pakistan or in Texas.
The logical objection is that sources and methods may vary greatly in different locations. We therefore propose that when a report is first created, its data be separated from the sources and methods by which they are obtained. The
418 THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT
report should begin with the information in its most shareable, but still meaningful, form. Therefore the maximum number of recipients can access some form of that information. If knowledge of further details becomes important, any user can query further, with access granted or denied according to the rules set for the network--and with queries leaving an audit trail in order to determine who accessed the information. But the questions may not come at all unless experts at the “edge” of the network can readily discover the clues that prompt to them. 16
We propose that information be shared horizontally, across new networks that transcend individual agencies.
• The current system is structured on an old mainframe, or hub-andspoke, concept. In this older approach, each agency has its own database.
Agency users send information to the database and then can retrieve it from the database.
• A decentralized network model, the concept behind much of the information revolution, shares data horizontally too. Agencies would still have their own databases, but those databases would be searchable across agency lines. In this system, secrets are protected through the design of the network and an “information rights management”
approach that controls access to the data, not access to the whole network.
An outstanding conceptual framework for this kind of “trusted information network” has been developed by a task force of leading professionals in national security, information technology, and law assembled by the Markle Foundation. Its report has been widely discussed throughout the U. S. government, but has not yet been converted into action. 17
Recommendation: The president should lead the government-wide effort to bring the major national security institutions into the information revolution. He should coordinate the resolution of the legal, policy, and technical issues across agencies to create a “trusted information network. ”
• No one agency can do it alone. Well-meaning agency officials are under tremendous pressure to update their systems. Alone, they may only be able to modernize the stovepipes, not replace them.
• Only presidential leadership can develop government-wide concepts and standards. Currently, no one is doing this job. Backed by the Office of Management and Budget, a new National Intelligence Director empowered to set common standards for information use throughout the community, and a secretary of homeland security who helps
HOW TO DO IT? 419
extend the system to public agencies and relevant private-sector databases, a government-wide initiative can succeed.
• White House leadership is also needed because the policy and legal issues are harder than the technical ones. The necessary technology already exists. What does not are the rules for acquiring, accessing, sharing, and using the vast stores of public and private data that may be available. When information sharing works, it is a powerful tool.
Therefore the sharing and uses of information must be guided by a set of practical policy guidelines that simultaneously empower and constrain officials, telling them clearly what is and is not permitted.
“This is government acting in new ways, to face new threats, ” the most recent Markle report explains. “And while such change is necessary, it must be accomplished while engendering the people’s trust that privacy and other civil liberties are being protected, that businesses are not being unduly burdened with requests for extraneous or useless information, that taxpayer money is being well spent, and that, ultimately, the network will be effective in protecting our security. ”The authors add: “Leadership is emerging from all levels of government and from many places in the private sector. What is needed now is a plan to accelerate these efforts, and public debate and consensus on the goals. ”18
13. 4 UNITY OF EFFORT IN THE CONGRESS
Strengthen Congressional Oversight of Intelligence and Homeland Security Of all our recommendations, strengthening congressional oversight may be among the most difficult and important. So long as oversight is governed by current congressional rules and resolutions, we believe the American people will not get the security they want and need. The United States needs a strong, stable, and capable congressional committee structure to give America’s national intelligence agencies oversight, support, and leadership.
Few things are more difficult to change in Washington than congressional committee jurisdiction and prerogatives. To a member, these assignments are almost as important as the map of his or her congressional district. The American people may have to insist that these changes occur, or they may well not happen. Having interviewed numerous members of Congress from both parties, as well as congressional staff members, we found that dissatisfaction with congressional oversight remains widespread.
The future challenges of America’s intelligence agencies are daunting. They include the need to develop leading-edge technologies that give our policy
420 THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT
makers and warfighters a decisive edge in any conflict where the interests of the United States are vital. Not only does good intelligence win wars, but the best intelligence enables us to prevent them from happening altogether.
Under the terms of existing rules and resolutions the House and Senate intelligence committees lack the power, influence, and sustained capability to meet this challenge. While few members of Congress have the broad knowledge of intelligence activities or the know-how about the technologies employed, all members need to feel assured that good oversight is happening.
When their unfamiliarity with the subject is combined with the need to preserve security, a mandate emerges for substantial change.
Tinkering with the existing structure is not sufficient. Either Congress should create a joint committee for intelligence, using the Joint Atomic Energy Committee as its model, or it should create House and Senate committees with combined authorizing and appropriations powers.
Whichever of these two forms are chosen, the goal should be a structure--
codified by resolution with powers expressly granted and carefully limited--
allowing a relatively small group of members of Congress, given time and reason to master the subject and the agencies, to conduct oversight of the intelligence establishment and be clearly accountable for their work. The staff of this committee should be nonpartisan and work for the entire committee and not for individual members.
The other reforms we have suggested--for a National Counterterrorism Center and a National Intelligence Director--will not work if congressional oversight does not change too. Unity of effort in executive management can be lost if it is fractured by divided congressional oversight.
Recommendation: Congressional oversight for intelligence--and counterterrorism--is now dysfunctional. Congress should address this problem. We have considered various alternatives:A joint committee on the old model of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy is one.
A single committee in each house of Congress, combining authorizing and appropriating authorities, is another.
• The new committee or committees should conduct continuing studies of the activities of the intelligence agencies and report problems relating to the development and use of intelligence to all members of the House and Senate.
• We have already recommended that the total level of funding for intelligence be made public, and that the national intelligence program be appropriated to the National Intelligence Director, not to the secretary of defense. 19
HOW TO DO IT? 421
• We also recommend that the intelligence committee should have a subcommittee specifically dedicated to oversight, freed from the consuming responsibility of working on the budget.
• The resolution creating the new intelligence committee structure should grant subpoena authority to the committee or committees.
The majority party’s representation on this committee should never exceed the minority’s representation by more than one.
• Four of the members appointed to this committee or committees should be a member who also serves on each of the following additional committees:Armed Services, Judiciary, Foreign Affairs, and the Defense Appropriations subcommittee. In this way the other major congressional interests can be brought together in the new committee’s work.
• Members should serve indefinitely on the intelligence committees, without set terms, thereby letting them accumulate expertise.
• The committees should be smaller--perhaps seven or nine members in each house--so that each member feels a greater sense of responsibility, and accountability, for the quality of the committee’s work.
The leaders of the Department of Homeland Security now appear before 88 committees and subcommittees of Congress. One expert witness (not a member of the administration) told us that this is perhaps the single largest obstacle impeding the department’s successful development. The one attempt to consolidate such committee authority, the House Select Committee on Homeland Security, may be eliminated. The Senate does not have even this.
Congress needs to establish for the Department of Homeland Security the kind of clear authority and responsibility that exist to enable the Justice Department to deal with crime and the Defense Department to deal with threats to national security. Through not more than one authorizing committee and one appropriating subcommittee in each house, Congress should be able to ask the secretary of homeland security whether he or she has the resources to provide reasonable security against major terrorist acts within the United States and to hold the secretary accountable for the department’s performance.
Recommendation: Congress should create a single, principal point of oversight and review for homeland security. Congressional leaders are best able to judge what committee should have jurisdiction over this department and its duties. But we believe that Congress does have the obligation to choose one in the House and one in the Senate, and that this committee should be a permanent standing committee with a nonpartisan staff.
422 THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT
Improve the Transitions between Administrations In chapter 6, we described the transition of 2000--2001. Beyond the policy issues we described, the new administration did not have its deputy cabinet officers in place until the spring of 2001, and the critical subcabinet officials were not confirmed until the summer--if then. In other words, the new administration--
like others before it--did not have its team on the job until at least six months after it took office.
Recommendation: Since a catastrophic attack could occur with little or no notice, we should minimize as much as possible the disruption of national security policymaking during the change of administrations by accelerating the process for national security appointments. We think the process could be improved significantly so transitions can work more effectively and allow new officials to assume their new responsibilities as quickly as possible.
• Before the election, candidates should submit the names of selected members of their prospective transition teams to the FBI so that, if necessary, those team members can obtain security clearances immediately after the election is over.
• A president-elect should submit lists of possible candidates for national security positions to begin obtaining security clearances immediately after the election, so that their background investigations can be complete before January 20.
• A single federal agency should be responsible for providing and maintaining security clearances, ensuring uniform standards--including uniform security questionnaires and financial report requirements, and maintaining a single database. This agency can also be responsible for administering polygraph tests on behalf of organizations that require them.
• A president-elect should submit the nominations of the entire new national security team, through the level of under secretary of cabinet departments, not later than January 20. The Senate, in return, should adopt special rules requiring hearings and votes to confirm or reject national security nominees within 30 days of their submission. The Senate should not require confirmation of such executive appointees below Executive Level 3.
• The outgoing administration should provide the president-elect, as soon as possible after election day, with a classified, compartmented list that catalogues specific, operational threats to national security; major military or covert operations; and pending decisions on the post
HOW TO DO IT? 423
sible use of force. Such a document could provide both notice and a checklist, inviting a president-elect to inquire and learn more.
13. 5 ORGANIZING AMERICA’S DEFENSES IN THE UNITED STATES
The Future Role of the FBI
We have considered proposals for a new agency dedicated to intelligence collection in the United States. Some call this a proposal for an “American MI-
5, ” although the analogy is weak--the actual British Security Service is a relatively small worldwide agency that combines duties assigned in the U. S. government to the Terrorist Threat Integration Center, the CIA, the FBI, and the Department of Homeland Security.
The concern about the FBI is that it has long favored its criminal justice mission over its national security mission. Part of the reason for this is the demand around the country for FBI help on criminal matters. The FBI was criticized, rightly, for the overzealous domestic intelligence investigations disclosed during the 1970s. The pendulum swung away from those types of investigations during the 1980s and 1990s, though the FBI maintained an active counterintelligence function and was the lead agency for the investigation of foreign terrorist groups operating inside the United States.
We do not recommend the creation of a new domestic intelligence agency.
It is not needed if our other recommendations are adopted--to establish a strong national intelligence center, part of the NCTC, that will oversee counterterrorism intelligence work, foreign and domestic, and to create a National Intelligence Director who can set and enforce standards for the collection, processing, and reporting of information.
Under the structures we recommend, the FBI’s role is focused, but still vital.
The FBI does need to be able to direct its thousands of agents and other employees to collect intelligence in America’s cities and towns--interviewing informants, conducting surveillance and searches, tracking individuals, working collaboratively with local authorities, and doing so with meticulous attention to detail and compliance with the law. The FBI’s job in the streets of the United States would thus be a domestic equivalent, operating under the U. S. Constitution and quite different laws and rules, to the job of the CIA’s operations officers abroad.
Creating a new domestic intelligence agency has other drawbacks.
• The FBI is accustomed to carrying out sensitive intelligence collection operations in compliance with the law. If a new domestic intelligence agency were outside of the Department of Justice, the process of legal oversight--never easy--could become even more difficult.
424 THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT
Abuses of civil liberties could create a backlash that would impair the collection of needed intelligence.
• Creating a new domestic intelligence agency would divert attention of the officials most responsible for current counterterrorism efforts while the threat remains high. Putting a new player into the mix of federal agencies with counterterrorism responsibilities would exacerbate existing information-sharing problems.
• A new domestic intelligence agency would need to acquire assets and personnel. The FBI already has 28, 000 employees; 56 field offices, 400 satellite offices, and 47 legal attachי offices; a laboratory, operations center, and training facility; an existing network of informants, cooperating defendants, and other sources; and relationships with state and local law enforcement, the CIA, and foreign intelligence and law enforcement agencies.
• Counterterrorism investigations in the United States very quickly become matters that involve violations of criminal law and possible law enforcement action. Because the FBI can have agents working criminal matters and agents working intelligence investigations concerning the same international terrorism target, the full range of investigative tools against a suspected terrorist can be considered within one agency. The removal of “the wall” that existed before 9/11 between intelligence and law enforcement has opened up new opportunities for cooperative action within the FBI.
• Counterterrorism investigations often overlap or are cued by other criminal investigations, such as money laundering or the smuggling of contraband. In the field, the close connection to criminal work has many benefits.
Our recommendation to leave counterterrorism intelligence collection in the United States with the FBI still depends on an assessment that the FBI--if it makes an all-out effort to institutionalize change--can do the job. As we mentioned in chapter 3, we have been impressed by the determination that agents display in tracking down details, patiently going the extra mile and working the extra month, to put facts in the place of speculation. In our report we have shown how agents in Phoenix, Minneapolis, and NewYork displayed initiative in pressing their investigations.
FBI agents and analysts in the field need to have sustained support and dedicated resources to become stronger intelligence officers. They need to be rewarded for acquiring informants and for gathering and disseminating information differently and more broadly than usual in a traditional criminal inves
HOW TO DO IT? 425
tigation. FBI employees need to report and analyze what they have learned in ways the Bureau has never done before.
Under Director Robert Mueller, the Bureau has made significant progress in improving its intelligence capabilities. It now has an Office of Intelligence, overseen by the top tier of FBI management. Field intelligence groups have been created in all field offices to put FBI priorities and the emphasis on intelligence into practice. Advances have been made in improving the Bureau’s information technology systems and in increasing connectivity and information sharing with intelligence community agencies.
Director Mueller has also recognized that the FBI’s reforms are far from complete. He has outlined a number of areas where added measures may be necessary. Specifically, he has recognized that the FBI needs to recruit from a broader pool of candidates, that agents and analysts working on national security matters require specialized training, and that agents should specialize within programs after obtaining a generalist foundation. The FBI is developing career tracks for agents to specialize in counterterrorism/counterintelligence, cyber crimes, criminal investigations, or intelligence. It is establishing a program for certifying agents as intelligence officers, a certification that will be a prerequisite for promotion to the senior ranks of the Bureau. New training programs have been instituted for intelligence-related subjects.
The Director of the FBI has proposed creating an Intelligence Directorate as a further refinement of the FBI intelligence program. This directorate would include units for intelligence planning and policy and for the direction of analysts and linguists.
We want to ensure that the Bureau’s shift to a preventive counterterrorism posture is more fully institutionalized so that it survives beyond Director Mueller’s tenure. We have found that in the past the Bureau has announced its willingness to reform and restructure itself to address transnational security threats, but has fallen short--failing to effect the necessary institutional and cultural changes organization-wide. We want to ensure that this does not happen again. Despite having found acceptance of the Director’s clear message that counterterrorism is now the FBI’s top priority, two years after 9/11 we also found gaps between some of the announced reforms and the reality in the field.
We are concerned that management in the field offices still can allocate people and resources to local concerns that diverge from the national security mission.
This system could revert to a focus on lower-priority criminal justice cases over national security requirements.
Recommendation: A specialized and integrated national security workforce should be established at the FBI consisting of agents, analysts, linguists, and surveillance specialists who are recruited, trained, rewarded, and retained to ensure the development of an institutional
426 THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT
culture imbued with a deep expertise in intelligence and national security.
• The president, by executive order or directive, should direct the FBI to develop this intelligence cadre.
• Recognizing that cross-fertilization between the criminal justice and national security disciplines is vital to the success of both missions, all new agents should receive basic training in both areas. Furthermore, new agents should begin their careers with meaningful assignments in both areas.
• Agents and analysts should then specialize in one of these disciplines and have the option to work such matters for their entire career with the Bureau. Certain advanced training courses and assignments to other intelligence agencies should be required to advance within the national security discipline.
• In the interest of cross-fertilization, all senior FBI managers, including those working on law enforcement matters, should be certified intelligence officers.
• The FBI should fully implement a recruiting, hiring, and selection process for agents and analysts that enhances its ability to target and attract individuals with educational and professional backgrounds in intelligence, international relations, language, technology, and other relevant skills.
• The FBI should institute the integration of analysts, agents, linguists, and surveillance personnel in the field so that a dedicated team approach is brought to bear on national security intelligence operations.
• Each field office should have an official at the field office’s deputy level for national security matters. This individual would have management oversight and ensure that the national priorities are carried out in the field.
• The FBI should align its budget structure according to its four main programs--intelligence, counterterrorism and counterintelligence, criminal, and criminal justice services--to ensure better transparency on program costs, management of resources, and protection of the intelligence program. 20
• The FBI should report regularly to Congress in its semiannual program reviews designed to identify whether each field office is appropriately addressing FBI and national program priorities.
HOW TO DO IT? 427
• The FBI should report regularly to Congress in detail on the qualifications, status, and roles of analysts in the field and at headquarters. Congress should ensure that analysts are afforded training and career opportunities on a par with those offered analysts in other intelligence community agencies.
• The Congress should make sure funding is available to accelerate the expansion of secure facilities in FBI field offices so as to increase their ability to use secure email systems and classified intelligence product exchanges. The Congress should monitor whether the FBI’s information-sharing principles are implemented in practice.
The FBI is just a small fraction of the national law enforcement community in the United States, a community comprised mainly of state and local agencies. The network designed for sharing information, and the work of the FBI through local Joint Terrorism Task Forces, should build a reciprocal relationship, in which state and local agents understand what information they are looking for and, in return, receive some of the information being developed about what is happening, or may happen, in their communities. In this relationship, the Department of Homeland Security also will play an important part.
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 gave the under secretary for information analysis and infrastructure protection broad responsibilities. In practice, this directorate has the job to map “terrorist threats to the homeland against our assessed vulnerabilities in order to drive our efforts to protect against terrorist threats. ”21 These capabilities are still embryonic. The directorate has not yet developed the capacity to perform one of its assigned jobs, which is to assimilate and analyze information from Homeland Security’s own component agencies, such as the Coast Guard, Secret Service, Transportation Security Administration, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and Customs and Border Protection. The secretary of homeland security must ensure that these components work with the Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection Directorate so that this office can perform its mission. 22
Homeland Defense At several points in our inquiry, we asked, “Who is responsible for defending us at home?” Our national defense at home is the responsibility, first, of the Department of Defense and, second, of the Department of Homeland Security.
They must have clear delineations of responsibility and authority.
We found that NORAD, which had been given the responsibility for defending U. S. airspace, had construed that mission to focus on threats coming from outside America’s borders. It did not adjust its focus even though the intelligence community had gathered intelligence on the possibility that ter
428 THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT
rorists might turn to hijacking and even use of planes as missiles. We have been assured that NORAD has now embraced the full mission. Northern Command has been established to assume responsibility for the defense of the domestic United States.
Recommendation: The Department of Defense and its oversight committees should regularly assess the adequacy of Northern Command’s strategies and planning to defend the United States against military threats to the homeland.
The Department of Homeland Security was established to consolidate all of the domestic agencies responsible for securing America’s borders and national infrastructure, most of which is in private hands. It should identify those elements of our transportation, energy, communications, financial, and other institutions that need to be protected, develop plans to protect that infrastructure, and exercise the mechanisms to enhance preparedness. This means going well beyond the preexisting jobs of the agencies that have been brought together inside the department.
Recommendation: The Department of Homeland Security and its oversight committees should regularly assess the types of threats the country faces to determine (a) the adequacy of the government’s plans--and the progress against those plans--to protect America’s critical infrastructure and (b) the readiness of the government to respond to the threats that the United States might face.
. . .
We look forward to a national debate on the merits of what we have recommended, and we will participate vigorously in that debate.
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The 9-11 Commission Report | <urn:uuid:884c5fcf-30da-4d9c-80a9-534399807140> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.mideastweb.org/9-11-commission-15.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.941814 | 13,605 | 2.390625 | 2 |
ChorTeach is ACDA’s quarterly publication for choral conductors and teachers at all levels. It is published online, and each issue contains four practical articles. If you are not already a member of ACDA, you can join as an Associate for $45 per year and receive access to ChorTeach and the Choral Journal online. Below is an excerpt from an article written by Gabriela Hristova an appearing in the Winter 2017 issue, available here.
As I reflect on my years of training, teaching, and performing, I realize that the amount of information that needs to be transmitted, cultivated, and assimilated in the choir room is vast. The gradual steps required for building healthy vocal technique and ensemble awareness, the depth of musical detail explained, the motivation and encouragement involved in the singing process, are infinite. Yet, there is a magical simplicity in all of this, a simplicity that makes the process enjoyable and fulfilling. I ask myself these questions: a. what are the most important aspects of this process I want my students to embrace and care about? b. What are the seeds I want to plant in their hearts and minds to carry on after they have sung under my direction?
Here is what I have found. I try to communicate these ideas to singers on a daily basis:
- Music is more about responding to sounds (after we understand the musical story) than making them.
- Listening is the key to sensible ensemble awareness.
- Connecting with those around us makes all the difference.
- There are three aspects to every sound: beginning-duration-ending. Care for the duration of each note as you would for a child and respecting the silence between sounds is crucial.
- Meaningful texts set to music are powerful and have the potential for changing lives. Absorb word meaning. Let the meaning of texts color your singing.
- Think in shapes and colors. Affect is derived from phrasing, not rhythms and notes alone.
- Be your own conductor. Take ownership of the inner pulse of a work.
- The intake of breath is the essence of life. Think about the first breath of a newborn baby.
- Emotion breathes life into notes and rhythms we sing or play. Without emotion, however perfect the notes and rhythms may be, they are just notes and rhythms. The good news is, emotion is an integral part of our being.
- Eagles have incredible vision and are able to see many things at once from a broad perspective with complete clarity. Chickens have poor vision and can only see what is immediately in front of them. Be an eagle.
- Posture is audible! Share your joy and appreciation by visibly engaging in the now.
- Share your heart. Singing is highly instinctive, a powerful reaction to and reflection of our emotions.
- Allow yourself to be vulnerable. Open your mind’s ear. Our minds have incredible potential for understanding musical content on both intuitive and analytical levels.
- Making music is a privilege. Invest physically, emotionally, and spiritually.
Find the rest of this article (and more!) at acda.org/chorteach
View the ChorTeach annotated index to see all the articles from our archives! | <urn:uuid:c9e3da09-b4a5-445e-bdfd-b274bb013a9c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://choralnet.org/archives/558659 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.948893 | 669 | 2.75 | 3 |
When exams are run asynchronously (i.e., students take it at different times), a student can potentially gain an advantage by receiving information about the exam from someone who took it earlier. Generating random exams from pools of problems mitigates this potential advantage, but has the potential to introduce unfairness if the problems in a given pool are of significantly different difficulty. In this paper, we present an algorithm that takes a collection of problem pools and historical data on student performance on these problems and produces exams with reduced variance of difficulty (relative to naive random selection) while maintaining sufficient variation between exams to ensure security. Specifically, for a synthetic example exam, we can roughly halve the standard deviation of generated assessment difficulty levels with negligible effects on cheating cost functions (e.g., entropy-based measures of diversity).
|Original language||English (US)|
|Journal||ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings|
|State||Published - Jun 15 2019|
|Event||126th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Charged Up for the Next 125 Years, ASEE 2019 - Tampa, United States|
Duration: Jun 15 2019 → Jun 19 2019
ASJC Scopus subject areas | <urn:uuid:c8b9d476-6f9a-4478-a838-fb16398ef0e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/reducing-difficulty-variance-in-randomized-assessments | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.922803 | 255 | 2.078125 | 2 |
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India’s ‘Love Jihad’ conspiracy theory• 25 min
Many Muslims in India say they are experiencing a wave of persecution as Hindu extremists carry out a campaign of intimidation to stop interfaith marriages between Hindus and Muslims. Violence waged by mobs who believe Muslims are tricking Hindu women into marriage as an attempt to turn India into a Muslim republic. India's Hindu nationalist government say they oppose violence and the BJP say that they have introduced laws in response to a particular kind of crime of which a large number of instances have been reported. In these cases, Muslim men have misrepresented their name and religion to marry women of other faiths, thereafter revealing their true identities and coercing their wives to covert their religion. But critics say are actually designed to stamp out interfaith marriages. We speak to Mandakini Gahlot, our reporter and her producer in India about how falling in love with the wrong person can ruin your life. Sources: One India, Times Now. Producer: Joe Lord-Jones.
The Fourcast RSS Feed | <urn:uuid:82f5dc63-43b1-41e0-8d1e-163d36b6b4b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plnk.to/TheFourcast/e/1000565590631 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.944752 | 229 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Tuesday, national security adviser Susan E. Rice said the growing partisanship regarding Israel is “destructive of the fabric of the relationship.”
Citing protocol of not meeting foreign leaders too close to an election, President Barack Obama will shun his Israeli counterpart in Washington, and Vice President Joe Biden will stay away from the joint session of Congress when Netanyahu appears.
The dispute has taken on rancorous partisan tones with more than two dozen Democratic lawmakers vowing to boycott the speech. They charge that Netanyahu’s goal is to undermine the president’s diplomacy with Iran, and that Republican House Speaker John Boehner invited the Israeli leader to defy and humiliate the White House.
Yet all those objecting to the speech, whether in the United States, or Netanyahu’s rivals at home, where he faces an election next month, protest that their concern is to guarantee US-Israeli relations on whose strength the very future of Israel is said to hang.
But what all this sound and fury misses is that for the Palestinians, there is no meaningful Obama-Netanyahu rift. Indeed US-Israeli relations have never been stronger, nor more damaging to the prospects for peace and justice and for the very survival of the Palestinian people.
Just look at the recent record. Last December, the Palestinian Authority put forward a tepid resolution in the UN Security Council that did little more than repeat long-standing US policy on the outlines of a two-state solution. Obama’s UN ambassador Samantha Power marshaled all her resources to defeat it.
She claimed that the resolution was “deeply imbalanced” and took “no account of Israel’s legitimate security concerns.”
The next day, after disappointed Palestinian Authority leader Mahmoud Abbas signed the treaty acceding to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Obama’s State Department declared itself “deeply troubled,” accusing Palestinians of an “escalatory step” that “badly damages the atmosphere with the very people with whom they ultimately need to make peace.”
Power said the Palestinian move “really poses a profound threat to Israel.”
These words are perverse. Israel’s 51-day long attack on Gaza that left more than 2,200 people dead didn’t “damage the atmosphere” as far as the Obama administration was concerned, but any Palestinian effort to use international bodies in pursuit of justice and accountability is tantamount to an act of war.
I challenge Power to go and repeat her words to any of the 100,000 Palestinians in Gaza still living in the damp and freezing rubble of their homes, to the surviving parents of more than 500 children killed in the Israeli attack, or to the thousands who will live with lifelong injuries.
Neither the ambassador nor her president has commented on the findings of Amnesty International, which said that Israel “brazenly flouted the laws of war by carrying out a series of attacks on civilian homes, displaying callous indifference to the carnage caused.”
Few Palestinians will forget that when Israeli fire was raining down on them, the Obama administration authorized the transfer of grenades and mortar rounds to resupply the Israeli army.
Last summer’s war was something even Hamas leaders tried to avoid. After it began, armed Palestinian groups declared that their goal was a ceasefire accompanied by a lifting of the eight-year siege that has devastated Gaza’s economy and isolated its 1.8 million people from the rest of humanity.
Since the war, promises that the siege would be lifted have been broken. Billions pledged in reconstruction aid have failed to materialize. As a result, cash-strapped UNRWA, the UN agency for Palestine refugees, has suspended repairs on Gaza homes.
Israel’s view tends to be unquestioningly echoed by US officials and media: that Palestinians are at fault for the repeated surges of violence.
Yet even senior Israeli leaders and officers have often acknowledged that Palestinian armed groups, especially Hamas, have meticulously stuck to ceasefire agreements, as they are doing currently.
Despite this, the US put no pressure on Israel to end the years-long blockade.
As a result, the lesson Palestinians have repeatedly learned is that whether they fight or stay quiet, Israel will be allowed to do as it pleases. It can besiege and slaughter them in Gaza, seize and colonize their land in the West Bank, deprive them of their most fundamental rights, and Obama will have Israel’s back.
Just because Obama, Netanyahu and their partisan followers may be peeved at each other does not change the basic dynamic of full US support for Israel’s occupation of millions of Palestinians, the continuation of which guarantees ongoing suffering with regional repercussions.
Sure enough, despite the supposed rift, the US is proceeding with the sale of more of the most advanced F-35 fighter jets to Israel.
That’s why Palestinians do not see any substantive Obama-Netanyahu rift on life and death matters for them. But there urgently needs to be one.
It is long past time for the American people and their representatives to challenge Israel on its seemingly permanent subjugation of the Palestinians.
This post was first published by The Huffington Post. | <urn:uuid:8a3dba61-2ac7-4beb-9279-ecfb383f6f26> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://revolutionaryfrontlines.wordpress.com/tag/barack-obama/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00189-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951492 | 1,072 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Career and Education Opportunities for Dentists in Miramar, Florida
If you want to be a dentist, the Miramar, Florida area offers many opportunities both for education and employment. There are currently 7,790 jobs for dentists in Florida and this is projected to grow by 11% to about 8,660 jobs by 2016. This is not quite as good as the national trend for dentists, which sees this job pool growing by about 15.3% over the next eight years. In general, dentists diagnose and treat diseases, injuries, and malformations of teeth and gums and related oral structures.
Dentists earn about $71 hourly or $148,140 yearly on average in Florida and about $68 hourly or $142,870 yearly on average nationally. Dentists earn more than people working in the category of Dental generally in Florida and more than people in the Dental category nationally. Jobs in this field include: dental intern, dental officer, and general dentist.
There is one school within twenty-five miles of Miramar where you can study to be a dentist, among seventy schools of higher education total in the Miramar area. The most common level of education for dentists is a Doctoral degree. You can expect to spend four or five years studying to be a dentist if you already have a Bachelor's degree, or eight to ten years if you have a high school diploma.
CAREER DESCRIPTION: Dentist
In general, dentists diagnose and treat diseases, injuries, and malformations of teeth and gums and related oral structures. They also may treat diseases of nerve, pulp, and other dental tissues affecting vitality of teeth.
Dentists diagnose and treat diseases, injuries, and malformations of teeth, gums and related oral structures, and furnish preventive and corrective services. They also use masks, gloves and safety glasses to safeguard themselves and their patients from infectious diseases. Equally important, dentists have to examine teeth and related tissues, using dental instruments, x-rays, and other diagnostic apparatus, to review dental health, diagnose diseases or abnormalities, and plan appropriate treatments. They are often called upon to formulate plan of treatment for patient's teeth and mouth tissue. They are expected to use air turbine and hand instruments, dental appliances and surgical implements. Finally, dentists oversee business, employing and supervising staff and handling paperwork and insurance claims.
Every day, dentists are expected to be able to maintain precise control of objects and devices through a range of movements. They need to piece together evidence to, in some sense, diagnose what is going on in a situation. It is also important that they evaluate problems as they arise.
It is important for dentists to fill pulp chamber and canal with endodontic materials. They are often called upon to perform oral and periodontal surgery on the jaw or mouth. They also produce and evaluate dental health educational materials. They are sometimes expected to administer anesthetics to limit the amount of pain experienced by patients during procedures. Somewhat less frequently, dentists are also expected to advise and instruct patients regarding preventive dental care, the causes and treatment of dental problems, and oral health care services.
Dentists sometimes are asked to advise and instruct patients regarding preventive dental care, the causes and treatment of dental problems, and oral health care services. They also have to be able to oversee business, employing and supervising staff and handling paperwork and insurance claims and treat exposure of pulp by pulp capping, removal of pulp from pulp chamber, or root canal, using dental instruments. And finally, they sometimes have to analyze and evaluate dental needs to establish changes and trends in patterns of dental disease.
Like many other jobs, dentists must have exceptional integrity and be thorough and dependable.
Similar jobs with educational opportunities in Miramar include:
- Dental Hygienist. Clean teeth and examine oral areas, head, and neck for signs of oral disease. May educate patients on oral hygiene, take and develop X-rays, or apply fluoride or sealants.
- Emergency Medical Technician. Assess injuries, administer emergency medical care, and extricate trapped individuals. Transport injured or sick persons to medical facilities.
- Medical Laboratory Technician. Perform routine medical laboratory tests for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. May work under the supervision of a medical technologist.
- Optometrist. Diagnose, manage, and treat conditions and diseases of the human eye and visual system. Examine eyes and visual system, diagnose problems or impairments, prescribe corrective lenses, and provide treatment. May prescribe therapeutic drugs to treat specific eye conditions.
- Orthodontist. Examine, diagnose, and treat dental malocclusions and oral cavity anomalies. Design and fabricate appliances to realign teeth and jaws to produce and maintain normal function and to improve appearance.
- Physician Assistant. Provide healthcare services typically performed by a physician, under the supervision of a physician. Conduct complete physicals, provide treatment, and counsel patients. May, in some cases, prescribe medication. Must graduate from an accredited educational program for physician assistants.
- Podiatrist. Diagnose and treat diseases and deformities of the human foot.
- Respiratory Therapist. Assess, treat, and care for patients with breathing disorders. Assume primary responsibility for all respiratory care modalities, including the supervision of respiratory therapy technicians. Initiate and conduct therapeutic procedures; maintain patient records; and select, assemble, and operate equipment.
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES: Dentist Training
Nova Southeastern University - Fort Lauderdale, FL
Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314-7796. Nova Southeastern University is a large university located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. It is a private not-for-profit school with primarily 4-year or above programs. It has 27,518 students and an admission rate of 45%. Nova Southeastern University has 4 areas of study related to Dentist. They are:
- Dentistry, professional degree which graduated 92 students in 2008.
- Dental Clinical Sciences, master's degree which graduated 3 students in 2008.
- Advanced General Dentistry, professional certificate which graduated 13 students in 2008.
- Pediatric Dentistry/Pedodontics, professional certificate which graduated 6 students in 2008.
LOCATION INFORMATION: Miramar, Florida
Miramar is located in Broward County, Florida. It has a population of over 108,484, which has grown by 49.1% over the last ten years. The cost of living index in Miramar, 117, is far greater than the national average. New single-family homes in Miramar are priced at $239,500 on average, which is well below the state average. In 2008, one hundred ten new homes were constructed in Miramar, down from one hundred thirty-eight the previous year.
The top three industries for women in Miramar are health care, educational services, and finance and insurance. For men, it is construction, public administration, and administrative and support and waste management services. The average commute to work is about 32 minutes. More than 20.7% of Miramar residents have a bachelor's degree, which is lower than the state average. The percentage of residents with a graduate degree, 6.6%, is lower than the state average.
The unemployment rate in Miramar is 9.7%, which is less than Florida's average of 11.3%.
The percentage of Miramar residents that are affiliated with a religious congregation, 45.9%, is less than the national average but more than the state average. Pembroke Road Church, Saint Bartholomew Church and Saint Stephens Church are among the churches located in Miramar. The most prominent religious groups are the Catholic Church, the Southern Baptist Convention and the United Methodist Church.
Miramar is home to the Parkway Plaza and the Miramar Country Club as well as Southwest Broward Junior Athletic Association and Calhoun Recreation Complex. Shopping centers in the area include Palmetto By Pass Shopping Center and Miramar Shopping Center. | <urn:uuid:c77f2f93-d0fa-4d53-b399-f02609a73ab2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.careeroverview.com/usa/florida/miramar/healthcare-practitioners-and-technical/dental/dentist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00202-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948101 | 1,665 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Rather than accept the empty ritual of “How are you?”/“I’m fine,” (“How to Give a Blessing,” by Kathleen McTigue, Winter 2011) and feel guilt if we should veer from it with an honest answer, why not just do away with the ritual and return to simple “Hello”s?
The reluctance to reveal emotional information, as portrayed in this article, not only is a sad reminder of the general reluctance to reveal ourselves to one another in our Puritan-based heritage, but also serves as a signpost for Unitarian Universalists who continue to wonder why their congregations struggle to attract new members. Lack of emotion is a feature of the esoteric Unitarianism practiced by our historically white, well-educated membership, that turns off people seeking warmth. The key words here should be heart, love, shared grief and common human family, rather than horror, too much information, shame, and embarrassment.
Shadows or opposites?
In “Our Shadow Side” (Winter 2011), what Marilyn Sewell is talking about are opposites and not shadows. Unitarian Universalism’s shadows are much more difficult to accept, so I would say:
The shadow side to our rich intellectual life is that sometimes we are irrational. The shadow side to our strong tradition of the word is that sometimes we use words imprecisely, which can lead to conflict based on misunderstandings. The shadow side of our humanism is that we sometimes trample on human values. The shadow side to our tolerance is that sometimes we are intolerant. The shadow side of our theology of love and acceptance is that sometimes we are not loving or accepting. The shadow side of our free faith is that sometimes we impose strictures and conditions.
Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England
posted on uuworld.org, Dec. 21, 2011
Marilyn Sewell is right: UUs must have a mission. Vanessa Rush Southern (“A Spirit of Fierce Unrest,” Winter 2011) reinforces this by her question: “Loving the world and its hurt places, where do we focus our efforts at resurrection?”
The world is hurting and will become uninhabitable for humans if humans do not reverse the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. By making its mission enlisting its members in the environmental movement, the UUA can do its part to save the world.
UU Fellowship of Sunnyvale
I found Marilyn Sewell’s article “Our Shadow Side” truly bizarre. The idea of a dark side to our deepest values is interesting, but can be of little use to spiritual growth when her examples bear such a bewildering lack of resemblance to UU congregations. Never getting around to action? Disregarding the health of the community? These are the opposite of the UUs I know.
Also disturbing is her characterization of worship services as “stimulation” and “entertainment.” Programs exist to fulfill the church’s mission, which usually includes ministering to the needs of the congregation. It is neither trite nor selfish for people to desire services that are meaningful to them.
If anything is inhibiting UU religiosity, I think it is the mistrust of the word “religion” that results from the pain so many of us have experienced at the hands of religious institutions. It’s a word and a spirit that UUs can reclaim, but such a blossoming won’t come through misplaced criticism. If we want religion, we should be rejoicing in our brightness.
UU Church of Rutland
Mark Morrison-Reed’s article “The Empowerment Tragedy” (Winter 2011) sheds much-needed light on an otherwise dim period of UU history. Putting the events of the 1960s and ’70s in the larger context of what was happening in the country and what was going on in our congregations gives our “empowerment tragedy” a more manageable dimension.
A name that I missed from the description of “activist ministers and committed congregations in exclusively metropolitan settings that had a significant African-American middle class” was the Rev. Donald Szantho Harrington, minister of Community Church in New York City. He and his board chair, Cornelius McDougald, who was chair of the UUA Commission on Religion and Race, brought the idea of a Black and White Alternative to the General Assembly in 1968. After the vote to fund the Black Affairs Council, those who were concerned and disappointed with the vote had a meeting, where after much discussion the concept and name was changed from Black and White Alternative to Black and White Action, officers and board members were elected, membership dues were collected, and an organizational meeting was scheduled for the Thanksgiving weekend after GA. But that’s another story!
Betty Bobo Seiden
First Unitarian Church of Oakland
Mark Morrison-Reed concludes that the Unitarian Universalist Association’s “black empowerment tragedy” had to happen due to our institutional immaturity, fear, and hubris, but I think otherwise. He points out that year after year the American Unitarian Association, Universalist Church of America, and merged UUA passed resolutions supportive of integration and civil rights, long before other, larger denominations were willing to touch the topic. And what did we get for these efforts to be ahead of the curve but a huge blowback other denominations were largely spared?
In a religious denomination that consistently takes the lead on these kinds of “social justice” initiatives, inevitably there will be stragglers, and some or many of those stragglers will fall away from the denomination. It took the Southern Baptists until 1995 to apologize for segregation—almost 50 years after the AUA and UCA started passing resolutions against it—but today the Southern Baptists are a denomination of 40,000 congregations and 16 million members—a hundred times the UUA’s membership.
Perhaps we are, and have been for quite a while, as Marilyn Sewell accuses, “a religious movement that no longer takes religion seriously” and have become an organization for which social justice has become the primary, self-justifying raison d’être, at last for many or most of us.
Cedar Lane UU Church
It was good of the Rev. Dr. Linnea Pearson to praise the Society of the Larger Ministry (SLM) in her letter about UUA pioneers (“Letters,” Fall 2011). However, I must correct her history on the founding of SLM.
When I transferred my ministerial standing in 1979 from the United Church of Christ to the UUA, the UUA had only one recognized ministry: serving a traditional parish. As a community minister serving as hospital chaplain and pastoral counselor, I was perturbed, so I founded the SLM (formerly Extra-Parochial Clergy and now the UU Society for Community Ministries) at the General Assembly in 1981. The SLM worked steadily throughout the 1980s and ultimately the UUA established a third ministerial track recognizing community ministry in 1991.
The Rev. Dr. Robert L. Rafford
UU World welcomes letters to the editor. Send to “Letters,” UU World, 24 Farnsworth Street, Boston, MA 02210, or firstname.lastname@example.org, but do not send attachments. Include your name, address, daytime phone number, and congregation on all correspondence. Published letters with author’s name, city, and state will appear on www.uuworld.org . Letters are edited for length and style; a maximum length of 200 words is suggested. We regret we cannot publish or respond to all letters. | <urn:uuid:74b6d064-f470-487e-8f3e-6b7252fb1944> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.uuworld.org/articles/letters-spring-2012 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.94336 | 1,708 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Food standards officials in Ireland have asked their Dutch counterparts to investigate “several companies” in connection with the scandal.
Officials believe the horse meat in beefburgers sold by British supermarkets came from contaminated “filler” imported from Holland.
Food safety experts claimed that suppliers in Europe might have passed off horse filler as beef because it costs four times less.
However, under Dutch regulations, if a company is found to have deliberately passed off horse meat as beef, the maximum fine is just €1,050 (£880).
Industry insiders said horse meat from Holland was likely to have been imported from Argentina or Brazil.
Beef “filler” is used to bulk up meat using offcuts from the remnants of cattle carcasses. It is routinely used in cheap, own-brand meats sold in supermarkets.
It emerged that the British meat processor at the centre of the scandal is still selling beefburgers to retailers. Dalepak Hambleton, in North Yorkshire, supplied beefburgers containing traces of horse DNA to supermarket Iceland.
But while an Irish factory which supplied beef contaminated with horse meat has stopped production entirely, its English counterpart is still operating.
Barry Gardiner, a Labour MP, said: “The point is that you should close down the plant, find out how the contamination happened, clean up the system and reassure your customer that everything is operating as it should.”
Trading standards officials in North Yorkshire have visited the site and sent samples for DNA testing.
Silvercrest, the Irish company which supplied meat for beefburgers sold by Tesco which contained 29 per cent horse meat, stopped production yesterday.
The Irish government tested beefburgers at the factory and found that two thirds contained horse meat.
Simon Coveney, the Irish agriculture minister, confirmed that his department has been in contact with a food regulator in Europe.
He said: “We are closer [to knowing the source]. What we have from last night is that one of the ingredients in burgers that came from another EU country tested positive for horse DNA.
“We also know that same supplier supplied product into Liffey Meats and the factory in the UK. ”
A spokesman for the Dutch food safety authority said: “We will be looking into a few companies as part of a first investigation.”
A spokesman for APB Foods, which owns both the Dalepak and Silvercrest plants, said: “The site is not closing whilst we wait for further test results, which are due imminently.
“The supplier in question has not been used by Dalepak for several months.”
Tesco has been forced to edit its latest television advertisement because it was due to include images of a horse. | <urn:uuid:0683699e-ba83-4e63-b98b-3a54d6c93aad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/9812327/Horse-meat-in-supermarket-burgers-linked-to-Dutch-suppliers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.970287 | 575 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Charm Sciences Inc.
β-lactam 3-Min. Test (MRLBL3)
Detect 13 primary β-lactam drugs in milk in 3 minutes
In just 3 minutes, the Charm MRLBL3 Beta-lactam Test can detect the presence of 13 primary beta-lactam drugs in milk at or below EU maximum residue limits.
The MRLBL3 is run by farmers, truck drivers, milk receiving, and milk testing laboratories because of its ease of use. Add the milk sample to the MRLBL3 test and incubate for three minutes. Read results with the EZ system.
- Detects 13 primary beta-lactam drugs in milk at or below EU and CODEX MRL
- Results in 3 minutes
- Uses same equipment as other ROSA tests
- Results can be read in the Charm EZ system
- Validated by Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO-T&V, Belgium)
- Hygiene Testing
- Milk Analytics
- Food Safety | <urn:uuid:7c999be9-1be0-4c18-a923-130bef3ed479> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.il-biosystems.com/en/products/b-lactam-3-min-test-mrlbl3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.873838 | 225 | 2.046875 | 2 |
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has confirmed, through DNA tests on scat, that there is a female northern Rockies gray wolf on the Kaibab National Forest, near the north rim of Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona.
This brave female is the first wolf in this area for more than 70 years! This historic and cause for celebration!
We think this amazing pioneer inhabiting an area where wolves once thrived deserves a special name. That’s why groups from all over the west are working together on this contest!
You must be under age 18 to enter. If you would like to help name this unique animal and be part of his or her story, please fill out the form here with your parent or legal guardian*: http://goo.gl/forms/WqfkUrdtTl
The deadline to enter is December 4, 2014
The winning name will be announced by Monday, December 8, 2014.
The Kaibab Plateau has forested lands with elevations up to 9,000 feet, surrounded by the sage, grasslands and canyons of lower elevations. It is bordered on the south by the Grand Canyon, on the east and west by tributary canyons of the Colorado River, and on the north by plains that are dissected by the tiers of uplifted cliffs of the Grand Staircase.
Wolves were once native to this part of the Grand Canyon region, but were wiped out by a federal extermination program in the early 1900’s. Scientists say this area is great habitat for wolves.
Mexican gray wolves, a subspecies of gray wolves, live in Arizona and New Mexico but the government won’t allow them to live north of Interstate 40. Gray wolves from the northern Rocky Mountains are mostly in states north of Utah and Colorado and are bigger than Mexican gray wolves, or lobos.
Gray wolves are legendary for traveling long distances, and this wolf would have have traveled hundreds of miles from her home in Wyoming or another Rocky Mountain state through Utah and into Arizona.
Gray wolves are currently federally protected under the Endangered Species Act in Arizona. If this is a wolf, the government should do all in its power to protect her or him.
Wolves are intelligent, feeling animals who often live in families (packs) with their mates, siblings, and pups. Sometimes, like this animal, they travel long distances from their original family to find a mate and start a family of their own.
Thank you for helping!
*The information entered in the form will not be used for any commercial purpose or shared with anyone not involved in the contest except for publicity about the contest.
Photos courtesy of National Park Service staff and AZ Game and Fish Department | <urn:uuid:6408d1d6-1193-4930-97e3-b7cc6bcb272c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://nutrioso.com/blog/page/3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.954335 | 576 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Over on his blog site, Biblical Musing, Don Camp is trying to justify why God appears to condone slavery. It’s not the first time Don has tried to defend the indefensible; he’s recently been arguing much the same thing on Debunking Christianity.
The fact the Old Testament appears to endorse the keeping of other human beings as slaves is a problem for Christians. It’s a problem compounded by the fact that Jesus in Luke 12.47-48 and the imposter-Paul, in Ephesians 6.5, both support the practice. How can it be that God approves, or at least raises no objection to it? Wouldn’t an omniscient, all-loving God have outlawed slavery, as he outlaws so much else, in one of his innumerable laws and commandments?
Instead, he provides instructions about how to keep and look after slaves; what to do, for example, when you flog one to within an inch of his life so that he later dies (Exodus 21.20-21) or when you deliberately blind your slave – she’s your property after all – or rape her (Exodus 21.26; Numbers 31.17-18).
Don’s answer is that, despite God involving himself in the minutiae of slave treatment, he knew it would be a waste of time telling his people slavery was wrong. Why? Because he took the trouble to tell them lying and stealing were wrong and yet they ignored him. So, hey, why should he bother telling them about slavery? They’d just ignore that too.
But the point is – disregarding the fact that not everyone steals and lies – ‘God’ did issue laws prohibiting stealing and lying (and eating shellfish, and wearing garments of mixed fabric). It seems it was important to him to tell his pet-tribe that these were wrong, even though he must have known many of their number, and many more subsequently, would ignore him.
What can we conclude from this? Only this: that God didn’t feel the same way about slavery as he did about lying and stealing, which is why he didn’t bother making even the same token effort to prohibit slavery.
Or, and much more likely: the tribes who wrote the laws didn’t think slavery was wrong. In fact, they thought it quite useful to have slaves. Given this utility, they were unlikely to have devised laws preventing their ownership. The enslaved themselves no doubt thought differently, but then they didn’t get to write the rules.
We don’t find a commandment prohibiting slavery in the bible because those who wrote it liked having slaves. For this reason too, we find all those inhumane instructions about keeping slaves and what should happen if you maim or kill them.
Of course God didn’t write these laws. People did. And they wrote them according to their understanding of what was moral, fair and legitimate within their own primitive milieu. Thus it was that slavery got a free pass. | <urn:uuid:e58ff3f1-10f9-467b-bc78-e92d6edc50ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rejectingjesus.com/2017/08/12/god-approves-of-slavery/?like_comment=4735&_wpnonce=b2f3a4dd65 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.984852 | 634 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The CSR’s goal to revitalize our weblog to be current and more informative leads to a new type of post: a Project Overview post. There are several projects occurring simultaneously at CSR, so the idea behind project overviews is to give our readers a better understanding of the types of projects that we are involved in, while also thanking our clients for working with us.
Over the past 2 years, the DeVos Foundation has partnered with CSR to evaluate the effectiveness of programs that are integral to their Believe 2 Become initiative, some of which include their Baby Scholars program, Gatherings of Hope program, and Summer Learning Academy program. However, since the Summer Learning Academy programs have taken precedence for us during this time of year, it is opportune to coincide the beginnings of our project overviews with this academic initiative.
The Summer Learning Academy (SLA) programs provide nearly 2,000 students in the Grand Rapids community with a free opportunity to prevent summer learning loss. SLA programs welcome students from Pre-K to 12th grade and are available to both English-speaking and Spanish-speaking families. While the wide-reach of the SLA programs is already exemplified in their age and language inclusivity, the programs also attempt to extend their reach beyond socioeconomic status, as all 31 of their programs are free for the students who participate.
In addition to countering summer learning loss and integrating inclusivity, another goal of the SLA programs is to encourage students of all ages to consider attending college. With the research-based belief that the importance of a college education is increasing in our country, the SLA programs seek to cultivate two beliefs in students: that attending college is both desirable and attainable. One of the main ways that SLA programs foster these beliefs is by allowing the students to experience different colleges firsthand, with fieldtrips and tours of different campuses around Michigan.
For our 3rd year, CSR is simplifying the evaluating and analyzing processes for the SLA programs by creating and distributing surveys, collecting survey responses, and presenting that information graphically. We have created five types of surveys—pre- and post-surveys for the students, and post-surveys for the parents, program staff, and the program directors—using MS Word and the online survey design software Inquisite. Paper surveys are then distributed to and collected from the 31 SLA programs by CSR’s undergraduate Research Assistant staff throughout the summer.
After all the survey data is compiled, cleaned up and filtered, we can then export it into our visual analytics program, Tableau, to visually portray any data trends. These visual representations are helpful because they have proven to be more accessible to wide audiences, especially those outside of the social research domain. Finally, these graphics are placed into reports, along with written explanations, and returned to the DeVos Foundation for their internal review.
CSR’s involvement with SLA, then, aims to truthfully assess whether the programs are meeting their goals and report that information back to both the programs and their funders. While the specific outcomes of our research must currently remain internal, so far the SLA programs have had several positive influences on students, and are on a trajectory to keep improving.
Immerwahr, J. (2002, May). The affordability of higher education: A review of recent survey research. In Higher Education. Retrieved June 11, 2013, from http://www.highereducation.org/reports/affordability_pa/MIS11819.pdf
Lewin, T. (2010, September 21). Value of college degree is growing, study says. The New York Times, p. A18, from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/21/education/21college.html?_r=0
The National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education. (2008, August). The Growing Importance of Higher Education. Retrieved July 11, 2013, from http://www.highereducation.org/pa_college_opp/importance.shtml
Summer Learning Academy. (2013). In I believe I become. Retrieved July 10, 2013, from http://www.believe2become.org/programs/summer-learning/ | <urn:uuid:e4d86cda-deb4-49f8-b49d-9e0d35957832> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.calvin.edu/weblogs/csr/more/project-overview-summer-learning-academy-2013/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00088-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949814 | 878 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Going green on March 17 may not help save the planet, but for those people who can claim Irish roots, and for the Irish at heart, it's nutritionally friendly.
Everyone joins in the St. Patrick's Day celebration to unwind with songs, dancing, and, more importantly, to enjoy the traditional meal, known nationwide simply as the Jiggs dinner.
The traditional fare that will be featured in several Irish pubs in greater Toledo as well as in private homes is a stunning mix in a one-pot meal. A savory blend of seasoned beef brisket with potatoes, carrots, cabbage, and usually onions, the time-honored combination also brings contrasting textures and color to the plate.
It is doubtful that many St. Patrick's Day celebrants are concerned about nutrition on March 17, but the meat-and-vegetable package is good for us. For that reason alone we should prepare it several times a year rather than put it on hold until St. Patrick's Day.
In early Ireland, beef that had been preserved in brine all winter was brought out for spring festivals.
Once upon a time I tried to make corned beef in the same crock that my grandmother used to preserve side meat in lard in winter. I may try it again in the refrigerator, but that test down in the basement was unsuccessful, and since then I rely on “store bought” corned beef.
I much prefer the brisket cut, which has more fat to the round. Both are prepared corned, a term that dates to before refrigeration. The large pieces of salt used to preserve the meat were called corns of salt. The brine also is made with pickling spice and brown sugar. You still have time to try to make your own before March 17. They say the beef will “corn” in a week in the refrigerator in water with pickling spice, but it may be wiser to postpone that experiment and take advantage of all the corned beef in local stores.
Nutritionally, a three-ounce portion — and it is doubtful if anyone can hold to that limit — is 213 calories, high in protein, and a good source of vitamin B12 and niacin. But it is high in fat too
The vegetables in our stellar dinner are nutrient-dense.
Carrots are loaded with vitamin A and are a good source of potassium. We know that the color orange indicates a high level of beta-carotene that is more valuable cooked than it is raw. The large carrots that require paring are more flavorful than small ones that are extruded for convenience in today's market. As for the cabbage from our Irish dinner, we will be eating a vegetable rich in vitamin A, calcium, and iron. It is also high in dietary fiber. The green-tinted, not red, cabbage is the preferred variety on St. Patrick's Day.
Potatoes are the most symbolic food in the traditional dinner. Potatoes ha vez ero fat, before seasonings and sauces are added. In 2008 the United Nations called the potato a hidden treasure, and declared it as the Year of the Potato to raise its profile in developing nations.
The potato's profile was raised considerably in the United States when Americans rediscovered mashed potatoes in the 1990s and chefs began adding garlic, onions, and even corn and peas along with butter, salt, and pepper. That was nothing new to the Irish. Colcannon is a broccoli and mashed potato blend that brings green to the table and is also tasty.
Justin Glover, director of produce at Walt Churchill's Markets at 3220 Briarfield Blvd. and 26625 Dixie Hwy. in Perrysburg, said potato sales are steadily increasing. The common variety used for the Jiggs dinner are the Ohio and Michigan whites that are smooth-skinned, mostly round, and considered an all-purpose potato. Tiny whites are called fingerlings and are not as commonly found in local supermarkets. Russets and Idahos are interchangeable names for the long, oval brown potato that are good bakers and also are favored for mashed because they beat up light and fluffy.
Potato cooks also have a choice of rainbow colors with yellow, red, and purple varieties. Yukon Golds are medium round potatoes with a creamy texture. Like the name implies, the skins are pale yellow, which follows into the flesh to give a buttery cast. Some cooks hand-scrub the thin skins instead of paring them.
Reds, which also are called boilers, are popular in salads and scalloped because they hold their shape when boiled. Reds are also used for smashed potatoes where a portion of the skin is left on.
Reds are packaged in two sizes. Purple potatoes, which also are called Peruvian, are not readily available, but they surely provoke curiosity and conversation at a dinner party.
But not on St. Patrick's Day.
— Mary Alice Powell
Guidelines: Please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Comments that violate these standards, or our privacy statement or visitor's agreement, are subject to being removed and commenters are subject to being banned. To post comments, you must be a registered user on toledoblade.com. To find out more, please visit the FAQ. | <urn:uuid:2f04b805-f074-4fe9-965b-d1551e08f6b3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.toledoblade.com/Food/2010/03/09/A-traditional-Jiggs-dinner.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965904 | 1,100 | 2.234375 | 2 |
It’s quiet here. Utterly still. I stood on a hillside this morning and could hear the footsteps of people walking on a trail more than a half mile away, and that was one of the few times that I was around other people. I probably needed to get away to a place like this one.
The Carrizo Plain protects one of the last undeveloped stretches of California grassland, a famous set of petroglyphs, the largest concentration of endangered plants and animals in California, and a stretch of the San Andreas fault that shifted nearly thirty feet during an earthquake in the 1800s. To my eyes the area looks like it needs time to recover from centuries of heavy grazing, but with the relatively recent designation as a national monument hopefully it will get there. As a travel destination it is suffering from the third straight dry year – Soda Lake, known as a good winter wetland spot, is a dry salt flat – but it’s still a great location for getting away from everyone. It seems bizarre to be only about one hundred miles from Los Angeles, but to feel like this is the absolute middle of nowhere. The roads here are almost all unpaved old ranch roads, so I spent the day roaming about before parking for the night in a corner of the park with a view of the plain and absolute silence, aside from the occasional bird flying by. This journal entry is being written from the back of the Subaru with stars blazing, the cell phone showing “No service”, and the nearest town an hour’s drive away. | <urn:uuid:d7e41354-f7a2-4ead-89ca-8f81e96c25b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://mountaininterval.org/journal/2013/12/28/next-services-82-miles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.965082 | 322 | 1.765625 | 2 |
The case study indicates disparities in relation to the offers made to potential car buyers visiting dealerships in Chicago area (Bell, 2011, p. 138). Blacks and white female ‘testers’ were charged more than white males. If the results of the study, including the names of the dealers and their locations, are made public, the entrepreneurs may lose many customers. The businesses may lose the market segment made up of blacks and white females (Bell, 2011, p. 138).
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In addition, the dealerships may face discrimination charges. As a result, the enterprises are likely to incur huge losses in terms of legal representation and compensation to plaintiffs. In addition, rivals may capitalize on this disclosure by offering competitive prices to the buyers. As such, they will be in a position to attract the individuals discriminated against by the dealerships. Consequently, the investors will only be left with the market made up of white men.
To avoid discrimination from the dealers, ladies and black buyers may seek the company of a white man when visiting the dealership. Since male whites are not discriminated against, the move will ensure that the potential customer is treated well by the sales persons (Bell, 2011, p. 138). Lawsuits against such dealerships can also help reduce the number of discrimination cases. The black community can file legal suits against the companies with the hope that they will not be discriminated against in the future. White ladies who wish to purchase new cars can also do so through their husbands, sons, and male friends as long as these significant others are white. In addition, they can file a lawsuit citing gender discrimination.
Bell, M. (2011). Diversity in organizations (2nd ed.). London: South-Western Cengage Learning. Web. | <urn:uuid:c6205245-fe11-431d-b786-55672de2f038> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ivypanda.com/essays/car-pricing-and-discrimination-in-chicago/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.952496 | 389 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Russia's prison-born children marked for life
Lyutsian Dolinsky is now a well-known sculptor and painter. His is a respected presence in the Russia’s cultural capital St. Petersburg.
It is ironic that society hails him today, as decades ago it was society that made him a pariah, closing every door he even thought of knocking on. This is because Lyutsian was born in prison.
His mother, sentenced to ten years in a women’s colony, was executed by firing squad and Lyutsian spent his entire childhood in a very vivid hell.
“The worst thing was they used to make us stand outside in the freezing cold and pouring rain,” he recalls. “A female guard with a whip would walk up and down the place we were lined up and snapped the boys who had to go to into lock-up. And that always was the certain death. But if you survived you might have a chance. I have been there and I still remember.”
It was luck which saved the near-starved and almost deaf child. He was taken out of the camp by a compassionate guard.
It was the first time he tasted basic foods like sugar – but more importantly, the first ever time he had felt affection.
He was adopted, and traveled the Soviet Union from detention camp to detention camp with his new parent. Still unable to talk, he picked up art – which was to become his language of self-expression.
“Not being able to talk, when we weren’t taught how to, they just used signals like a knock or something. We would climb out through this gap in the wooden planks and the adult prisoners would throw us a bit of food over the barbed wire,” Lyutsian said.
Although times have changed, and Russia’s penal system allows for children to stay with their mothers until the age of three, it is still a scar that never completely heals – not only for the children, but for the mothers also.
“We came here when my boy was five months old. And soon, he will be taken away to an orphanage,” said a mother who raises her child in prison. “I just hope they will bring him to visit.”
Still, they all hope that a life without parents outside prison is better than any kind of life inside.
“Kids can’t stay here longer. They need to live, to grow, to see the world – and they can’t do from behind the bars,” said another mother.
Skeptics think some mothers deliberately get pregnant simply to ease life in prison. Hospital leave, then lots of scheduled time with your child – it is all better than sitting in a stone cell, they claim.
However, the mothers at the prison appear to be first and foremost just that – mothers.
“I’ll be released before my baby turns three. And then, no matter what happens, no matter how hard it will be, my children will stay with me,” said one of them.
Even a mother’s love, however, is not strong enough to shield the child from society’s prejudice.
One of the biggest challenges people born in prison face are not the hardships of childhood, or the lack of a regular home, but the way they are treated later on in life.
Read also Russian orphans lose popularity with US parents | <urn:uuid:279851a6-2229-4258-a921-851595e23f1e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.rt.com/news/russia-s-prison-born-children-marked-for-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00499-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985391 | 720 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Migraines can be absolutely debilitating, and the sad truth is that medications aren’t enough to help a lot of people. Natural approaches are often a better option, and now we may have a new tool in our migraine prevention toolkit!
In a study at the University of Arizona, 29 people with episodic or chronic migraines were exposed to white light for 1-2 hours per day for 10 days. Then after a break for 2 weeks, they were exposed to green LED light for 10 days. Here’s what they found:
- Overall, green light exposure reduced the number of headaches per month by 60%.
- Green light also decreased the intensity of pain from an average of 8 down to 3.2 on a scale of 0-10.
The participants were very happy with the light therapy. Even though they were told at the beginning of the study that they would need to return their green light at the end, they were then given the option to keep it. 28 out of 29 said yes!
I found a company that sells green light lamps, called Allay if you want to get your hands on one. Do your research first.
Many women noticed that they get frequent headaches and migraines when they entered midlife. These headaches could be caused by hormone fluctuations during certain times of the menstrual cycle.
Want to discuss what you can do to find relief? Book some time with me and let’s talk it through. | <urn:uuid:f0caa964-58c4-45a1-8e8c-2f2a14d40b12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beingwellaware.com/green-light-therapy-for-migraines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.974014 | 304 | 2.375 | 2 |
2. It might be easy to forget that this is a photo of a person. Probably someone who doesn’t know he’s being made fun of.
6. The crazy thing? We probably wouldn’t do that in a big stadium. We’d look around and realize, Hey, we’re laughing at a person. That’s kind of mean.
8. And we forget this incredibly important concept.
14. And there are real people out there who could use an encouraging word today.
15. So let’s reward someone who was brave enough to put her work out there. Here’s Michaiah Henry with her original song, “Dreamer.”
16. I don’t know who she is, but she is clearly a person. (And a talented one at that.)
17. Keep up the good work, Michaiah. Keep up all the good things you’re doing, all you real people on the internet.
- Trump's pick for education secretary, Betsy DeVos, could face a contentious confirmation hearing — at least by standards of the position.
- Prime Minister Theresa May's Brexit: no single market, parliamentary vote on the final deal, and a warning to the EU not to punish the UK.
- At least 40 Democratic lawmakers are boycotting Donald Trump's inauguration after the president-elect criticized civil rights leader John Lewis.
- Most hate crimes go unreported. Help BuzzFeed News and other news outlets document hate crimes and harassment in the US. | <urn:uuid:84f0176a-5192-46cc-b3d0-4ca7fbdeeb4d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.buzzfeed.com/nathanwpyle/everyone-on-the-internet-is-an-actual-person | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00119-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927435 | 321 | 1.609375 | 2 |
The Role of Beacon Technology in Smart Cities6245 Views
In the developing world, as much as 80% of the economic growth will occur in cities. There are currently 1.3 million people moving into cities each week. By 2040, 65% of the population are expected to be living in cities.
These statistics are compelling evidence the world is becoming more urbanized than ever before. Proximity to work, greater opportunities, and a wider choice of entertainment options all play a role in the decision to reside in an urban area.
Cities should prepare for growth. Making room for more people strains resources already in place and, if left unaddressed, can lead to issues.
Cities need to be smart. This means implementing ways for people to go about their daily routines easier and more productively, even if there are many more inhabitants.
Beacon technology is integral in smart cities being able to accomplish this. It will play a significant role in helping cities function efficiently and manage inhabitants effectively.
Here are five advantages beacon technology offers smart cities.
Maximizes Public Safety
Many cities deal with crime, from purse snatching to physical assaults. Protecting visitors and residents is a top priority, and it’s easier with beacon technology. By installing beacons around the city, especially the remote or crime-ridden locations, emergency personnel can better pinpoint the location of a person who calls in. If the person has downloaded the city’s app, the nearest beacon will “ping” the person’s phone. The caller doesn’t have to scramble to try to figure out where he or she is and convey that on the phone. This helps the police reach the person faster.
Assists Visually-Challenged People
Up until now, visually-challenged people were limited in how they could navigate a city. They couldn’t rely on signs or other landmarks to help them find their way. With beacon technology, the city app can guide the person turn by turn around the city. They gain access to restaurants, attractions, and transportation options that may not have been available to them before.
Provides Traffic and Parking Navigation
Driving and parking might be the biggest headache of living and working in a big city. Beacon technology helps smart cities combat this stress. With beacons, cities can make drivers aware of construction, accidents, or general congestion in an area and offer an alternate route. Parking garages can use beacons to count the number of parking spaces available on each level, so drivers don’t have to careen through the garage praying they snag a space. In addition, beacons can measure the traffic patterns throughout the city and gather important data that show the city where to add lanes or widen roads.
Beacons don’t just assist drivers. They Provides Other Transportation Assistance Large stations are daunting when people are trying to find their particular train or bus. Beacons can guide them to the location they need to be, directly through the city’s app. Restaurants and restrooms can also be found through the app. Beacons work inside trains and subways as well to increase passenger comfort during their trip by directing passengers to cars that aren’t crowded.
Smart cities can employ beacons to create a killer visitor experience. Through the app, tourists can find their way around town easily. Beacons can also point out historical buildings and areas as well as give information on attractions the visitor may not otherwise be privy to. In addition, beacons can guide them to transportation options, restaurants, and other attractions. Beacons can also “ping” a visitor’s phone with coupons and other promotions for companies that are in proximity to them.
With cities growing at breakneck speed, cities are going to have to become smart to provide a good quality of life and maintain efficiency. Beacon technology is a powerful tool that is simple and cost-effective to adopt and requires minimal effort for the end-user to learn. The opportunities of what it can provide are exciting and seemingly endless. That’s why beacon technology and inclusive smart cities will go hand-in-hand in the future. | <urn:uuid:02be409c-66ab-40f0-91c3-311c9c1e0e83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thinkproxi.com/role-beacon-technology-smart-cities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.95427 | 855 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Just when moviegoers were ready to give up on the 3D revival as a gimmick used primarily to justify higher ticket prices, master director Martin Scorsese comes along with “Hugo” to show how it should be done.
His brilliant family film employs 3D imaginatively, evocatively and judiciously, using it to add depth, both literal and metaphorical, enriching the story that he is telling.
“Hugo,” based on “The Invention of Hugo Cabret,” a Caldecott Medal-winning, 2007 children’s novel by Brian Selznick, is in many ways a love letter to the movies and film preservation, the latter a long-standing cause advocated by Scorsese.
Although it chronicles the adventures of Hugo (Asa Butterfield), an orphaned boy who lives in a Paris train station in the 1930s, the film is really about the power of movies to transform lives, allow escape, and encompass our dreams.
Hugo is the son of a clock and machine repairman (Jude Law), who died, but not before imparting his love of both movies and all things mechanical to his son. Hugo now lives deep in the upper reaches of a Paris train station, where he secretly keeps its clocks running, attempts in his spare time to fix a metal, life-like looking automaton his father once rescued from a museum, and tries to avoid the clutches of the station’s overzealous police inspector (Sacha Baron Cohen, in a highly amusing turn).
He is befriended by Isabelle (Chloe Grace Moretz), a bookworm who longs for the sort of mystery and adventure in real life that she encounters in the pages of books. Hugo also begins apprenticing for her guardian (Ben Kingsley), an embittered old toy seller and repairman who has a small shop in the station.
The identity of this old man and his link to Hugo’s father are at the heart of the story. Like any great children’s tale, there are adult secrets to be learned, a mysterious key that will literally unlock the automaton as well as the identities of and connections between various characters, and perilous adventures aplenty.
Along the way, Scorsese pays tribute to trailblazing filmmakers and performers such as Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd, and, above all–and without giving away too much–French silent film pioneer Georges Mélies (1902’s “A Trip to the Moon”).
While “Hugo” works splendidly as family fare, offering an involving tale, thrills (the police inspector’s fearsome dog racing straight at you via 3D) and humor, it is ardent cinephiles who will want to see the movie repeatedly as there are likely new film references, homages and allusions to be gleaned from every viewing.
Here’s just one: Look for Scorsese himself in a cameo playing, appropriately, a photographer in the early 1900s who’s taking a portrait of a famous filmmaker. In casting himself as both a historian and an artist, Scorsese perfectly sums up the duality of the vision that he brings to such vivid life in “Hugo.” | <urn:uuid:82e993f6-6a68-45a1-9afd-a28489b07407> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thewrap.com/movies/column-post/review-scorsese-gets-3d-right-it-adds-real-depth-hugo-32986/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00232-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950762 | 688 | 1.78125 | 2 |
ANN ARBOR -- Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said today that he believes the U.S. economy is "moving in the right direction and I'm cautiously optimistic about the next few years."
During a one-hour public chat at the University of Michigan's Rackham Auditorium, the Fed chairman said recent efforts to avoid the so-called "fiscal cliff," a series of automatic spending cuts and tax increases, were sufficient to avoid putting the country's fragile economy back into recession.
But Mr. Bernanke, Fed chairman since 2006, added, "We are not out of the woods."
Mr. Bernanke discussed a variety of economy-related subjects during a question-and-answer session sponsored by the university's Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy. He discussed the fiscal cliff, the country's deficit problems, the looming sequester cuts, and an expected fight over the debt ceiling.
The Fed chairman said while all of those problems will challenge America over the next few decades, in the short term the debt ceiling fight has the potential to harm the fragile economy.
The last time a debt ceiling crisis arose (summer 2011), Congress allowed the situation to get out of hand and the country's credit rating was downgraded as a result.
Mr. Bernanke likened that situation to a family in debt who resolves their situation by electing not to pay their credit card bills.
"It is very important for Congress to avoid a situation where the government doesn't pay its bills," he said.
Contact Jon Chavez at: email@example.com or 419-724-6128. | <urn:uuid:00e52a71-12d9-46d0-8356-2370034c4644> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.toledoblade.com/Economy/2013/01/14/Bernanke-says-he-s-cautiously-optimistic-about-economy-in-talk-at-University-of-Michigan.print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00292-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962277 | 331 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Most recent statistics conducted prove Android’s dominance over the iOS operating system in recent years. The only surprise is that the Cupertino champ has benefitted a lot from the fall in market share.
At the end of the rod, Android has built a position of choice over time to dominate the smartphone industry in the past years. It is the most accessible OS and the cheapest, thus offering huge advantages over the latter.
Most recent data shows otherwise, as iOS has been gaining momentum on Android in the past four years. Android’s supremacy is beginning to diminish so much that the operating system’s worldwide market share has dropped from 77.32 percent in July 2018 to 69.74 percent this year.
Still, iOS gained about 6% more market share in the same time frame, rising from 19.4 percent to 25.49 percent. Apple has been increasing its attempts to make itself more accessible for a long now, with devices like the iPhone SE and the entry-level iPad.
What is the cause of Android’s decline?
According to various financial analysts, this loss would be caused by increased competition from iOS. It is not believed that Android smartphones will fade away since Google has created an almost insurmountable gap that Apple will find difficult to fill.
Android has a market share of 69.32% in Europe, whereas iOS is used on “only” 30% of smartphones. The case is still the same in Africa, and Android is the King with 84% dominance compared to 81 percent on the Asian continent and 90 percent on the South American continent. However, in North America, Apple takes the lead with 54 percent of the market, while Android is counted at 45 percent.
This does not mean that Android should relax because Apple’s new tactic seems to be working well as they sell the most expensive gadgets worldwide. | <urn:uuid:60d74d13-3b1c-410a-9916-e326b94a594f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techmoran.com/2022/04/22/for-the-last-four-years-ios-game-plan-has-been-to-defeat-android-smartphones/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.956014 | 381 | 1.976563 | 2 |
I believe there is a difference between believing and knowing. Believing means understanding a concept through information and accepting that information as truth. In order to know something, you must experience that truth first hand. The suffering in this world will never be eliminated through better education or the actions of a government. It will only be accomplished by the combined efforts of individuals willing to sacrifice in order to make a difference.
I know that there is a difference between providing help and providing hope. After Hurricane Katrina, we heard cries of discrimination and inaction levied against the government, but even if the government had been playing its “A” game, it would never have been enough. Many of those cries rightfully came out of dispare and hopelessness. On its best day, the U.S. Government could never have provided hope in the devastation of Katrina. Sure, the government can rescue people from rooftops and provide food and shelter, but only people can provide HOPE—Hope that comes from personal sacrifice.
When FEMA called on a group of private individuals to mobilize support as a part of relief efforts, they did. With the blessing of his church, one man led the charge to provide relief in the hardest hit area of the Gulf Coast—Waveland, Mississippi. People showed up to help and soon the movement grew to encompass the distribution of money, hundreds of thousands of meals and tons of supplies, including clothing.
I know this because I was there. I worked in the clothing tent helping to distribute clothes. It didn’t feel like a big deal. But every once in awhile, someone caught my eye—like the woman who seemed more anxious than most. She was to bury her best friend the next day and all she had to wear were the clothes she had been wearing when the storm hit. She was embarrassed because she wanted to show her friend the respect she deserved by dressing up for the funeral.
We discovered six dresses for her to try and sent her on her way—all of us deeply moved by this woman’s love for her friend and the fact that we could help her. We didn’t give her a new home or a new car. We didn’t rebuild her life. What we gave her was hope. Hope that she wasn’t alone. Hope that there really were strangers in her world who were willing to help—not because they were paid, but because they cared.
Down the street, I watched the government and the big NGOs dump clothing in a parking lot and pile it high with bulldozers. Was it a more efficient way to provide? Of course. But it did not offer hope.
I know what it means to be on the giving end of hope. If we are to find a solution to famine, poverty, AIDS and the many other atrocities of this world, it will only come through the combined efforts of individuals willing to sacrifice in order to make a difference.
If you enjoyed this essay, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to This I Believe, Inc. | <urn:uuid:364d54c5-ef59-4e01-824f-afd665b30282> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thisibelieve.org/essay/18055/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00135-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983446 | 618 | 1.953125 | 2 |
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Transcript of Burkina Faso
"Burkina" = men of integrity
"Faso" = fatherland
"Land of Honest People"
People here are known as "Burkinabe"
Landlocked country in West Africa
Surrounded by Mali, Niger, Benin, Togo, Ghana, & Ivory Coast
Type of Government
As of June 2nd 1991, a semi-presidential government with a parliament was established.
Can be dissolved by the president of the Republic which was in term for 7 years.
As of 2000, the years of presidency was changed to 5 years.
Parliament consists of one chamber known as the National Assembly which has all 111 seats with members elected for 5 year terms.
Constitutional Chamber consists of 10 members
Out of the 34 members of the Organization Dedicated to Global Development, Burkina Faso is NOT one of them.
Modeled after organizations used by French police.
Army consists of some 6,000 men.
military expenses constitute approx. 1.2% of the nation's GDP.
Population: 16.97 million as of 2011
GDP: 10.19 billion USD
Life Expectancy: 55.36 years (52 female & 50 male)
Birth Rate: 31-39 per 1,000
Death Rate: 9.4-11 per 1,000
Fertility Rate: 5.85 per 1,000
Infant Mortality Rate: 45-71 per 1,000
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Packaged Medicines: 24%
Refined Petroleum Oils: 7%
Mixed Mineral or Chemical Fertilizer:
Heavy Machinery: 5%
Pumps for Liquids:
Reaction Catalysts: 1%
Other Oil Seeds: 5%
Cotton Raw: 23%
Imports From Other Countries
Cote l'lvoire: 6%
Boil either cassava, yams, or plantains. Then beat to dough-like substance.
Usually eaten with sauce or soup.
caloric intake daily: about 2,610
There are 2 seasons: rainy & dry
The people and farmers anticipate a long rainy season to have enough water for the dry season, but with the temperature rising, the rainy season has significantly shortened and the dry has gotten longer.
Now the crops are not nearly as successful.
Deux Bale's NP
Kabore Tambi NP
W of the Niger NP
2,067 diff. plant species
grasses & legumes
primarily savannah biome
497 bird species
Burkina Faso has largest faunal population in West Africa
Burkina Faso famous for moths
African Bush elephant
35 are rare or accidental
68 known species | <urn:uuid:e1121dfb-a6e0-4df7-87f7-20be1e77723c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://prezi.com/9hi_n1cgb2f5/burkina-faso/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00017-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.849765 | 726 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Yuichi Yokoyama’s first full-length graphic novel, Travel, tells the story of a journey, and ends with a destination. Over the course of its nearly 200 silent pages, readers watch the progress of a train’s riders through a series of stunning, occasionally futuristic landscapes, and are thereby implicated in the journey themselves. The book’s final few pages show the three passengers whose embarkation begins the story leaving the train and taking a quick walk to a sea shore, where the froth of crashing waves prohibits further movement, literally ending the comic in its tracks. It’s a bold statement about form: sequences of panels depict motion, and when the motion must stop so must the comic. Every comic is a journey, a movement through something to something, and as such the only logical end point is a cessation of that movement.
Yokoyama’s second graphic novel, the recently translated Garden, also follows the logic of motion from beginning to end, of journey to destination. But in this book Yokoyama complicates things: Garden also begins with a destination, and for over 300 pages readers are invited to wonder if the journey it depicts is the same utilitarian movement through space depicted in Travel, or an end unto itself.
Garden begins with a strong echo of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave. A handful of the artist’s humanoid, fashion-forward characters stand assembled before a guard wearing a mask printed with a pattern that encourages the eyes to unfocus, and are denied entrance to the garden that memories of Travel suggest they have come a long way to see. Luckily, there is a breach in the wall that sections off the garden from the outside world — an outside world, crucially, that we are never allowed to see. By the end of page one, the characters we follow for the entirety of the narrative are through the wall and into the garden.
We will not see them leave. For the rest of the book, the characters negotiate ever more complex and physically demanding man-made topographical features, frequently risking life and limb without a mention of the fact that they are doing so. The dialogue betrays no interiority whatsoever, with completely interchangeable voices alternating between describing the bizarre sights their owners are witnessing and speculating on their purposes and the methods of their creation. Yokoyama’s fanciful setup nails the basic absurdity of modern leisure: the most privileged among us — the ones with the lives we believe are ideal — “work” by staring at screens, and “recreate” by climbing mountains.
Garden is more than satire, however, and Yokoyama’s sights are set much higher than the follies of vacationing. The nature of the obstacles his band of wanderers encounter progresses slowly but surely over the course of the book. Waterfalls of simple rubber balls and fountains made of stacked bowls give way to planters made of automobiles and resting areas constructed from airplane parts. Soon the terrain is incorporating giant paper pyramids, a winding maze of irrigation channels that forces its occupants to literally get their feet wet, and motorized blocks of rock that ferry riders up grooves cut into the side of mountains.
As Yokoyama’s characters move through the vast environment his drawings of them pull back further and further, taking in more and more of both people and landscape. Soon the characters drawn into single panels number in the hundreds, cut off not by any end to their ranks but by the limited size of the pages. And the garden they have broken into is even more endless, if endlessness could be quantified — swallowing the throngs that surge slowly through it, its entrance the only boundary we ever see. The unreality of death for these characters becomes obvious after a time: they give no pause to paddling across a vast river on thin blocks of some unidentified substance or shimmying across a single bar suspended thousands of feet in the air as waterfalls spray them with mist. Pain seems not to be a factor either: a group tumble down a kilometer-high cliffside is merely a means of getting from one place to another. And one begins to wonder about the relevance of time in the garden after one character mentions that four pages’ worth of firepole descents have taken “over an hour”. Taken together and combined with the miles-wide map the characters piece together from a desert made of aerial surveillance photos, it’s enough to force a deeply fascinating metaphorical reading of Yokoyama’s text. This journey is not one undertaken by individuals, but by humanity as a whole. And wherever the infinite stream of participants came from, it must have been somewhere much smaller than this place. Yokoyama’s garden is no mere repository for plant life. It is the garden of earthly delights, an entire world full of technological constructions as disarmingly bizarre as those in the world around us would seem to someone who had never encountered them before.
The purpose of this world’s existence, however, becomes a more and more engaging question as the complexity of the environment continues to increase. An indoor maze can only be traversed by crawling through sections, and features doors that open into rooms of quicksand and endless chasms. The maze leads into a library full of books closer to the size of skyscrapers than the insubstantial things we’re used to; books that taken together seem to contain a pictorial index of everything in the world. Unseen projectors begin to beam gargantuan images of the characters’ faces onto the travelers as they trudge onward. The total deadpan of Yokoyama’s dialogue, refreshingly funny at first, begins to seem more and more sensical as the book wears on — given these humbling, ultimately unfathomable surroundings, what else is there to do but describe and wonder? One begins to admire Yokoyama’s characters for their ability to keep up such constant patter; we, after all, read the book and react to its contents in silence.
The states of passive reception and frequent bafflement put forward by the dialogue, along with the basic story structure of the exploratory journey through wholly unfamiliar climes, invites another reading: that of the drug narrative. Yokoyama’s drawing, often verging on abstraction and full of lines used as much for visual noise as depiction, touches on an unconventional but vivid psychedelia. The tinges of paranoia and surveillance sliding around the edges of the book and its idea-driven plot progression recall William Burroughs and Grant Morrison. Too, the place Yokoyama is pulling his visions from seems to be one completely beyond the world around us, a place of pure and fully-realized hallucination that most minds can only reach with the crutch of chemical additives. But the pinpoint cleanliness of Yokoyama’s black and white graphic design, the architectural logic underpinning his every construction, and the clarity sparkling behind the methodical page layouts that lead the reader through his story at a remarkably even pace all suggest that this work is coming from a place of total lucidity. As the chaos of the characters’ journey beats itself into order, it becomes more and more apparent that Yokoyama’s rational mind is in full control of what is being put on the page.
After navigating a landscape of towering escalators and a strange village in which “there are no normal houses”, the group is driven into a video-viewing room by an obstacle that is impossible to defeat, the fury of nature manifested as a vicious tornado. Here holographic projections quickly restate the journey their viewers have just been on: placid landscapes give way to more technological manmade ones — but then the bombs begin to fall onto panoramas that stand revealed as the ones we have just moved through. Multiple images are projected on top of one another in streams of random information too fast to make sense of, too overwhelming to be fully described in the reassuring catalog voice that has carried us through the narrative thus far. Volleys of balls begin to fire at bullet force from the walls and ricochet around the room. It’s impossible to turn anything off. The only solution is escape; the blind wrath of the natural world is in the end preferable to a digital environment spiraled out of control and into something that seems very much like malice. As the characters flee from the digitized version of the world they live in, it all becomes clear. The journey we have just seen is our own, from simple tools and playthings through bending the natural world to our purposes, from industrial machinery to a digital landscape that contains more information than can ever be contemplated. And into the hurricane.
It’s such a highly pessimistic meditation on what humanity has created that it’s difficult not to view the characters’ final flight with something like bitterness. And when the thronged mass of all humanity closes the book by filing one by one into a small rock room with a campfire burning in its center, it certainly seems like the conclusion is a hopeless one. Is this really the only solution, a return to the cave? A sacrifice of all the strange beauty that’s brought us this far? The answer turns out to be both yes and no. In the confines of this small, safe space that somehow has enough room in it for everyone, we see two characters touch for the first time, as one asks another who has salvaged a remnant of the technological world — his camera — to see some of the pictures he has taken of the place they’ve been forced to stop moving through. Everyone gathers around to see, and the narrative ends with its characters performing their first action that couldn’t be accomplished by mechanized vehicles or robotic probes: standing in company with one another, ready to enjoy the memories brought on by signs that they have been somewhere, that they have done something.
There’s a metafictional reading to be had from this ending, in which the photos constitute the comic we’ve just read, but the real thrill is in seeing the Warholian Yokoyama, who famously declared his intent to delete the emotion from his work, putting forth a quiet, understated kind of humanism that, after the epic journey undertaken to reach it, feels completely earned as a destination.
If Garden’s final moment of humanity feels like a considered accession, however, the short works collected in Yokoyama’s next, sadly untranslated book, Baby Boom, constitute a fully committed, passionate embrace. Save for the basic element of enigma that swims over panels that stand up to scrutiny as both figurative and abstract visual information, everything about Yokoyama’s established drawing style has been upended from page one. The immediate shock is that of seeing Yokoyama comics in color: bright and luminous, Baby Boom’s marker-drawn panels have a highly appealing airiness to them, filled with strokes of hue that float against a white background, uninhibited by the pages’ total lack of black space. The artist’s use of his new tool is impressive from the first, with immediately pleasing combinations of two or three tones creating distinct grounds figure-object separations in each panel. There’s an ease of access to every page that’s absent in Yokoyama’s black and white work, no matter whether the eye is engaging the drawings as story or abstraction. These are pictures that pull you in with sheer prettiness.
Beyond the color, though, the work showcased in Baby Boom turns away from the logical acme that drives Yokoyama’s previous books in favor of something more fleeting, more felt than thought out. Yokoyama has gone back to silent comics here, and except for the lines that lay out the gridded panel borders, there is no evidence of the ruler at play on these pages. The lines that make up Baby Boom embrace the spontaneous imperfections contained in human hands — thinning and thickening, doubling back and looping over themselves, tracing the impressions of geometric shapes more than actually drafting them, condensing into joyous bits of outright scribble in the shadows and the solid blocks. Even the colored space within the thick marker lines themselves defies uniformity. Here and there it fuzzes out into the white surface of the paper, condenses into a spot of purer color to indicate extra pressure from Yokoyama’s fingertips, or pulls up and gives way to a rough grain where the strokes end. Yokoyama’s lines aren’t the flowing brush trails of Paul Pope or the spiderwebbing coils of Guido Crepax, but they’re as effective a primer in the sensual qualities of comic book artwork. Every line put on the page in Baby Boom is quick and decisive, full of an infectious joy.
It’s an artistic approach that’s perfectly matched to its subject matter, which presents a series of vignettes — some barely snapshots of moments, others longer meditations on single themes — centering around the warm, definitively human interactions of two characters. Yokoyama’s character designs leave behind the look of humanity almost completely as a result of Baby Boom’s simplified graphic approach (one resembles a man’s body with a head something like a bird’s, the other a dandelion puff or perhaps a baby chick), but it’s impossible not to read the dynamic of father and son into the scenes they share. The bird-headed dad feeds the fluffy kid with a baby bottle; the kid builds a tower out of blocks that the dad helps him finish when it gets too tall; the two clean the house, visit a playground, and go to an open-air market where the dad buys the kid a chewing gum and a soda.
The sense of joy in these sequences is predominant, moreso so than any one picture or idea. Some of the stories are formalist explorations — an eight-page scene depicting a game of catch between father and son changes color schemes halfway but sticks to a rigid, dense fifteen-panel grid throughout, providing an authoritative object lesson in the dynamics of back-and-forth motion across a page — while others are almost like drawing journals, consisting of hastily scrawled landscapes whose great virtue is the energy with which they’re drawn, the characters seemingly added in as near-afterthoughts. Occasionally the amount of linework squeezed into a single panel or the alien quality of the ritual being enacted on a page becomes too much, and the eye moves into a different mode of viewing, following lines instead of characters, color relationships instead of panel progression. But it never feels as though we’re missing anything: the spark of life is in these lines regardless of how successfully we’re able to piece them together.
Through it all the sense of real caring — even love — between these beings is so strong that the space between their figures ends up functioning as a visual device in and of itself. The eye can’t help but close the distance between them when they share panel space, and when they don’t we end up wondering where the other one has gone. As content it’s hardly the earth-shaking experimental literature of Garden, but it feels like the only valid point of progression from that work. After taking in the world and humanity as a whole, it seems only right that Yokoyama should narrow his gaze to focus on some of the smaller stories that build the one big one, and in doing so be touched enough by the legitimacy of the emotion that they carry to create a new style for drawing them with. Each of Baby Boom’s stories, no matter how trivial or even banal the events depicted in them are, is bound to pull a smile from all but the stoniest of faces. That the overall idea of the stories here isn’t anything particularly new or individual, doesn’t hurt the work at all, and the archetypal quality of the stories ends up a virtue at many points. Baby Boom is a book about how the world is a beautiful place, how living in it can be a very wonderful thing, and how the presence of others is what keeps happiness alive in us.
The comic’s standout sequence, however, comes near its end, and it suggests that Yokoyama may cherish what he has found in his exploration of pure humanism, but he is not fully satisfied by it. Six stripped down, backgroundless eight-grid pages of father and son contorting themselves in expressive dance moves beneath the glitter of a disco ball suddenly explode into widescreen, pyrotechnic shots of a huge crowd gyrating beneath strobing spotlights, the color scheme changing violently with every new page, culminating in one of the book’s only two uses of black linework. Two pages later the characters are flying out into the starry embrace of space. It’s about as purely musical as comics have ever gotten, as immediate and propulsive as the bass kicking in under the percussion track on a dance club’s roaring sound system. Yokoyama uses color and a newfound sympathy for characters to bring the human into his comics’ topics of discourse in Baby Boom, but by the time the book finishes it seems like what he really wants to do is cut heads with eye-popping, formalist color comics. Thankfully, in Color Engineering, his most recent release, he does just that — and with a mastery that few before him have.
Color Engineering opens with an explosion. A four-panel, vertical-orientation page of painted comics, its surface battered to the point of impressionism with white brushstrokes, depicts what the explanatory end notes identify as “a round iron sphere or something” but looks for all the world like a planet orbiting in space slowly breaking apart, ripped asunder by internal force. The following spread is given over to a single painting of the explosion, rendered in violent orange and green and blue and pink, smoke billowing everywhere, chunks of debris flying, brushstrokes gloriously smeared. It’s a note-perfect announcement of intent: this is going to be the most dynamic, brute-force comic you’ve ever seen, but it kills softly, with a master painter’s attention to texture and detail. This, finally, is Yokoyama’s arrival at the idiom of art-comix, of the primary importance of the substance on the page. Color Engineering translates Baby Boom’s affection for the human into a fascination with investigating how much evidence of the human hand at work a piece can bear while still retaining its content.
The exploding planet as beginning, however, also calls back to a very different though no less masterful narrative. The destruction of Krypton, Superman’s cauldron of birth, was the zero point for the creation of what became American comics’ best-known idiom; Color Engineering is Yokoyama’s first book to be released simultaneously in America and Japan. The audacity of the opening pages borders on braggadocio — here comes the next comic to be as important as that one was, it thunders. And indeed, Color Engineering isn’t entirely unlike superhero comics, if one can see past the marvelous filter of Yokoyama’s stylistic gestures for a moment or two. This is a return to the theme of the artist’s first book, New Engineering, which was mainly concerned with various massive and powerful machines re-terraforming virgin natural environments into constructions presumably designed for some unknown human use. Color Engineering mixes stories that recall Garden into the formula, juxtaposing the machines’ handiwork with the attempts made to understand them by the humans they surround. It all boils down to monolithic, unknowable forces acting on an environment that also contains living inhabitants. But where the prospect was paranoia-inducing — even out-and-out frightening — in Garden, here in color and buffered by the unflappable tone of Yokoyama’s dialogue, it feels more like the workings divinity: perhaps unfathomable, but more benign than malicious. In this aspect, Color Engineering is like a superhero comic without any characters, a chronicle of earth-shaking power and its effect on the world around it.
As a thread to follow over the length of an entire book that’s pretty abstract, and rightly so: Yokoyama’s pictures embrace abstraction here like never before, the new medium of paint pushing the comics page toward a new identity as a vividly colored noise container, its panel borders as much a tool for dictating compositional shape and color boundaries as plot pace and moment-to-moment storytelling. Yokoyama’s canvases read like Mark Rothko working over Kirby layouts, amplified and dynamic with massive slabs of color arranged in bracingly graceful relationships to one another. Even on the more conventionally drawn and colored pages, though, Color Engineering follows the logic of painting as much as comics. Every panel is a fully composed unit unto itself, certainly contributing to something greater than the sum of its parts, but more striking on first view as something spectacular in isolation.
Yokoyama’s reading of the single panel as canvas astounds again and again, inviting switchups of medium right into the middle of stories, keeping the reader forever on their toes for the next drastic upending of a narrative’s established order. Inked pages colored with marker give way to ones colored in thick gobs of paint before the lines drop out completely, leaving coats of pure color engaged in abstracted spatial relationships with one another before suddenly switching into panels of colored, screentoned linework so precise that they could have come from a technical manual. Eventually even photography works its way into the comics, forcing slightly mundane shots of Japanese countryside and buildings into service as the same assemblages of light and tone the rest of the panels are. The drawings collected here are so tangible, so vivid and full of visual information, that they subjugate pictures of the real world to the status of trompe l’oeil, making readers look for the funhouse-mirror Yokoyama logic in the new frames before realizing that these pictures are in thrall to that other logic, the one outside the book and far away.
Everything in Color Engineering is calculated for maximum visual impact — the switchups in medium are dictated by overarching rhythms and often serve story purposes, but they’re there to be pieced together later. The real meat of these comics is in surrendering and letting every panel hit with as much force as it can muster, to make the sheet of glass or giant drill from last panel as fresh and astonishing as it was there in this one. And when a double-page spread doesn’t provide enough room for Yokoyama to build to a proper crescendo, it’s solved easily enough by one of the many fold-out pages, which force actual physical action on the reader, demanding we assemble the book in order to be properly blown away by it. If Garden is a book to be read silently, in the stillness of gathering awe, Color Engineering is comics to yell and scream and go dumb in your chair to.
The book closes with an encyclopedic restatement of its contents: each story re-sequenced from the pyrotechnic, free-flowing layouts that we first read them in to tight, neatly balanced grids. These, apparently, are the comics as they were first designed — which casts the preceding material in a very different light. The main artistic element of the book is revealed to be its sequencing: the size to which each frame was blown up, the space on the empty spread or fold-out it was put down in, the pace at which it fills the pages. These comics existed, and then their artist used them to make new comics. It’s a final blast of formal genius that trumps all, bringing the focus back around to the element of sequential art contained in these pictures, they way they’re pieced together. Yokoyama is quite plainly putting on a show here, more concerned with the comics medium’s power to scorch earth visually than communicate objective information. The beauty of this material is to be found most of all in whatever unique messages your own eyes pull from its textured canvases, its phased-neon color transitions, the precise individual lines that construct its pictures. It feels an awful lot like a defining statement for art-comix, a contribution of both sheer visual force and statement on form that radiates with a singular brilliance.
Like only a few before him, all of whom are enshrined in whatever underwhelming immortality comics is capable of giving them, Yokoyama is making work so far ahead of the curve that it’s hard to know what to do with it. The very idea of Yokoyama rip-off comics seems laughable: this is and always has been content that couldn’t possibly be divorced from the beautiful lines that create it, and vice versa. It seems unlikely indeed that stories about giant machines and uninformed architectural criticism will become the next catching thing in comics, and while there are plenty of artists working the line between canvas and cartoon or figuration and abstraction, none are doing it with such elevated skill or such intelligence of theory. With his last three books Yokoyama has pulled off a triumph of lit-comics, a triumph of art-comix, and an achingly gorgeous thing that sits somewhere in between. As with all great works, the only answer is probably to let their effect on the form work itself out. Truly special work, after all, only elevates its medium. Yokoyama has given us three pieces of art that are very special indeed, and it seems to me that the only reaction worth actively pursuing is to read them. | <urn:uuid:d16f7137-1769-4f9d-a827-1e467f04e4c3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tcj.com/yokoyamas-rubicon-humanitycolortranscendence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00454-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955664 | 5,364 | 2 | 2 |
764 Pakistanis granted Indian citizenship in 3 years
New Delhi: Indian citizenship has been granted to 764 Pakistani nationals during the 2009-11 period, the government on Wednesday told Parliament.
"1290 applications of Pakistani nationals were received from various state government/UTs for grant of Indian citizenship by registration and naturalisation during last three years, ie, 2009-2011. Indian citizenship was granted to 764 Pakistan nationals during this period," Minister of State for Home M Ramachandran told Rajya Sabha in a written reply.
He said all such cases received in his ministry "are processed as expeditiously as possible."
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- Petrol price hiked by 42 paisa per litre, diesel by Rs 1.03 a litre | <urn:uuid:7c4fc3de-1303-49d1-a049-6f499103ac8c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/764-pakistanis-granted-indian-citizenship-in-3-years_795165.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00325-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951838 | 355 | 1.5625 | 2 |
It is very important to clean and rinse the items you are trying to de-rust as much as possible prior to immersing them in the DE-OXY-DOES-IT solution and its important to know how to use rust remover. Your items should be free of as much dirt, mud, loose rust, paint, oil, and grease as possible.
Why should my items be clean prior to de-rusting?
1. Even though DE-OXY-DOES-IT contains proprietary surfactants that allow the product to overcome and work through some of these soils, remember DE-OXY-DOES-IT is a rust-remover, and not a cleaner, so the performance of the product will be affected by soils, grime, and especially paints, and greases. Starting with a rusty part that is clean, assures that your item will come out of the de-rusting bath totally free of rust.
2. DE-OXY-DOES-IT is sewerable as provided. Contaminating the de-rusting solution with greases, paints, and other soils, will alter the disposal status of the spent solution. If you are only de-rusting clean metal, in the end, all that remains is chelated iron and water. In most cases only this iron content will determine the disposal method. Refer to your local, state, and federal guidelines, for your specific disposal requirements.
3. Thoroughly rinse items prior to immersing in the DE-OXY-DOES-IT solution. Rinsing items minimizes the amount of other contaminants entering the de-rusting solution, which could decrease the product’s effectiveness, and could drastically reduce the life of the product.
After De-rusting Process:
How to use rust remover – Once all the rust is removed, rinse item with water. You can now paint, plate, lubricate, or apply any refinishing topcoat of your choice. For short-term corrosion protection, you can dip the part into the DE-OXY-DOES-IT solution and simply let it dry. This will leave a phosphate coating on the product that will inhibit flash corrosion for quite a long time.
If you decide to paint the item at a later date, simply sand the part lightly and refinish with the topcoat of your choice. DE-OXY-DOES-IT etches the metal which promotes superior paint adhesion. | <urn:uuid:c49af59c-a5ae-4083-9ae8-e7adc0c56ec4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://deoxydoesit.com/howtouse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.925048 | 516 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Warehouse Construction Project Showcase
Warehouse: A large building where raw materials or manufactured goods may be stored. Warehouse buildings are frequently co-located with other types of facilities, such as distribution centers and manufacturing facilities.
Warehouse construction has been a staple of Bob Moore Construction’s project showcase for decades. Warehouses used to be fairly straight-forward construction projects, but over time the requirements for these facilities have become more complex. Warehouse design now involves new advancements in inventory control and other types of automation. The Roe/McCollister Warehouse, for example, employs a fully automated picking system used to retrieve stored computer components. Warehouses are often co-located with other functions, such as the Frankford Trade Center Building VI, where warehousing operations share the same building with administrative offices and various industrial processes. Warehousing is sometimes even combined with retail stores, as in the case of the American Light Showroom.
Whether the client’s need is as simple as a basic “big box” or as complex as an integrated facility that supports various commercial and industrial functions, Bob Moore Construction has the experience and expertise to deliver a quality building to meet that need. In recognition of Bob Moore Construction’s leadership and expertise in industrial and warehouse construction, the company was selected as the AGC General Contractor of the Year and has received numerous other honors, including the AGC Summit Award for Excellence in Industrial / Warehouse Construction.
Below is a list of warehouse new construction projects from Bob Moore Construction. Other types of buildings, including call centers, distribution centers, industrial buildings, retail stores, flex tech buildings, office buildings, data centers and manufacturing facilities are listed on separate pages. | <urn:uuid:e3911044-0d0b-41f7-8a2f-b7c8045edf41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.generalcontractor.com/project-type/warehouse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.955892 | 345 | 1.890625 | 2 |
December 10, 1956
Books of the Times
By ORVILLE PRESCOTT
THE FOUNTAIN OVERFLOWS
By Rebecca West
he odd thing about Rebecca West's new novel, "The Fountain Overflows," is that it could just as well have been written by someone else. This is her first novel in twenty years and, although it is clever and moderately entertaining in a leisurely fashion, it lacks entirely the diamond brilliance, the fierce intelligence and the incisive vigor of an obviously superior mind that we have learned to expect in any book by Rebecca West. There is a high level of professional literary competence in this story about the alarms and excursions of life in an artistic family, but there is no particular distinction and that theme is threadbare and shiny with use. It begins this way: When Rose Aubrey was a child in the first ten years of this century she and her mother and twin sister, Mary, lived in a perpetual state of "financial anguish" and esthetic humiliation.
The anguish was caused by Papa's gambling, ingratitude to his benefactors and general irresponsibility. Papa was a brilliant editorial writer on a suburban newspaper south of London, a man who would gallantly crusade for justice and cruelly neglect his family and friends.
The humiliation was caused by Rose's elder sister, Cordelia, who "had no idea that she was not musical." Cordelia played the violin so badly that Mama and the twins, who all played the piano extraordinarily well, could hardly bear it. And Cordelia was so pretty that people would encourage her. It was nearly more than the tough-minded twins could bear. When Rose sat down to write about her childhood, all this was more than fifty years ago. Rose's smoothly written narrative is Miss West's story.
It is a pleasant story enlivened by occasional splashes of verbal wit in general and particularly on life among the artistically gifted. But the world of Rose's memories is a fussily feminine one in which the few masculine characters wander about like mysterious strangers just landed from Mars. Papa, "always right when everybody else is wrong," is as handsome as Byron and as feckless as Mr. Micawber, charming and talented and dishonest and thoughtlessly cruel. The very model of an egoistic literary genius with several screws loose, Papa is so conventionally unconventional that he seems absurdly unreal. The women and girls in "The Fountain Overflows" are far more persuasively characterized and in them resides the principal interest of this novel.
Mama, "emaciated, shabby and nerve-jerked," living in a constant state of anxious apprehension and habitual frenzy, is the real heroine of Rose's story. Mama is silly, childish, emotionally unstable and wildly eccentric. But there is a streak of stubborn courage in Mama that verges on the heroic. Mama never falters in her love for her peculiar husband, in her devotion to her children and in her generosity of spirit. Mama will not tell Cordelia that her determined attacks on the violin are an affront to music and will not permit the twins to tell her. She holds the twins to an exacting musical standard. She never hesitates in her kindness to the innocent relatives of a local murderess. Mama can be trying, but she thoroughly deserves the devotion she inspires in her children.
The other women and girls who populate Rose's memories are neatly and affectionately recalled also: Cordelia, an entirely normal girl desperately trying to escape from her talented family by the very means she is least equipped to master; Cousin Rosamund, so ordinary as to seem stupid, but gifted with an instinctive understanding of life and people that the others lack; Miss Beevor, the ugly, foolish, incompetent music teacher who loves Cordelia and encourages her violin playing with fatuous zeal; Aunt Lilly, the murderous sister, a Dickensian caricature of a well-meaning, kindly dolt who drowns her lack of anything to say in a flood of words.
Reading about these people is never an absorbing occupation, but it is never a dull one either. Miss West knows much about children, women and the abyss that lies between the musically gifted and other people. She has enriched her book with many matters of almost historical interest. These will surprise her younger readers and leave her older readers afflicted with a rueful melancholy. After all, a good many people can still recall a time when well-brought-up little girls always wore gloves outdoors; when families, so poor they lived in terror of bankruptcy, still could employ a servant recruited from the totally destitute; when automobiles were nearly as likely to go backward as forward.
"The Fountain Overflows" contains astonishing elements of the occult: Miss West's perfectly serious attribution to her characters of second sight and the power of mind reading and her realistic description of poltergeist phenomena -- pots and pans flying about on their own or on some evil spirit's volition. Such Gothic fantasy seems oddly out of place in a novel so basically realistic.
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Quick News | Page One Plus | International | National/N.Y. | Business | Technology | Science | Sports | Weather | Editorial | Op-Ed | Arts | Automobiles | Books | Diversions | Job Market | Real Estate | Travel | <urn:uuid:8d1eadef-7a14-4f4b-9750-6e3a846ef1c6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://partners.nytimes.com/books/00/09/10/specials/west-fountain.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00425-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969282 | 1,089 | 1.671875 | 2 |
With the debt-ceiling deal done, the details of who feels the most pain from the next ($1.6 trillion) round of cuts will be left up to a 12-person congressional "supercommittee," to be formed in the coming weeks. But you can bet that funding for dramatic action on climate change and toxic mercury pollution is not going to win out over funding for bedpans and missiles.
In fact, as others have pointed out, cutting trillions out of the federal budget is likely to mean massive cutbacks in the regulatory arm at the EPA, the gutting of clean-energy funding at the Department of Energy, and goodbye to any hopes of infrastructure spending for little projects like, say, a 21st-Century electricity transmission grid. Erich Pica, head of Friends of the Earth, pretty much summed it up: “The draconian cuts passed are likely to mean more people out of work, more people drinking poisoned water and breathing polluted air, and a slower transition to a clean energy economy."
All true. But maybe there’s an upside, too.
For one thing, environmental and clean energy activists have no choice now but to reevaluate their strategy now the federal government is being strangled to death. Ever since the collapse of cap and trade legislation and the realization that President Obama is unlikely to ever utter the words “climate change” in public again, much less use the bully pulpit to prepare the nation for the catastrophic risks of inaction, the movement has been in a funk. Few people have been willing to call out the president, hoping instead that he would one day soon turn his attention to the fact that it’s our addiction to fossil fuels, not government spending, that is really putting the future at risk.
That fantasy is over now. “The game has changed,” one environmental strategist told me yesterday. Yes, there are important battles to be fought over federal clean air regulations and toxic coal ash disposal and mountaintop removal mining. And yes, the fact that Obama announced a doubling of vehicle efficiency standards by 2025 is a very big deal (next week, he is expected to announce the first-ever greenhouse gas emissions standards for medium- and heavy-duty trucks). But don’t expect more blockbuster deals in the immediate future, much less any throwdowns with Big Coal or Big Oil. From now on, action on clean energy and environmental issues is likely to be incremental. As Joe Romm of the Center for American Progress points out, the deficit deal means that federal spending on energy and environmental issues will be slashed for years to come.
So maybe this is the “fuck ‘em” moment. Maybe this is the moment when enviros and clean-energy advocates stop being quite so polite and deferential. Maybe more people will climb trees located on mountaintop-removal sites in an effort to stop the blasting. Maybe more climate activists will think about the climate change not as an international problem to be resolved in an air-conditioned meeting hall, but as a guerilla war to be fought in the streets. (That’s certainly how the Sierra Club is thinking about it with their Beyond Coal campaign, and it attracted the attention – in the form of $50 million – from New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg.) All the real action is in the states now anyway: the northeast has a carbon-trading system up and running, California is pushing hard to speed the adoption of electric cars, New Jersey is pioneering innovative ways to finance solar power, and many states are adopting increasingly aggressive renewable portfolio standards.
Yeah, it’s a bleak time. And if the economy continues to tank, all bets are off. But for years, climate activists have been wondering what it would take to wake people up to how much is at stake in these climate and energy battles. Some thought an epic drought would do it. Or a series of freak hurricanes. Or the sudden calving of a massive ice sheet in Greenland. But the one thing nobody considered was a budget battle. | <urn:uuid:1375cbf5-161a-4526-a2a4-60be3f523a6b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/an-environmental-upside-to-the-horrible-debt-deal-20110805 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00006-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956083 | 829 | 1.640625 | 2 |
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Licensing Rights for this title are not available through Samuel French.
Volume 8 contains his last completed plays, from the eight years between his return from America to Europe after the war and his death in 1956. Brecht's ANTIGONE (1948) is a bold adaptation of Holderlin's classic German translation of Sophocles' play. A reflection on resistance and dictatorship in the aftermath of Nazism, it was a radical new experiment in epic theatre. THE DAYS OF THE COMMUNE (1949) is a semi-documentary account of the Paris Commune, and Brecht's most serious and ambitious historical play. TURANDOT is Brecht's version of the classic Chinese story is a satire on the intelligentsia of the Weimar Republic, Nazi bureaucracy, and other targets.
Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956), playwright, poet and director, was born in Augsburg, Germany in February 1898. He established himself as a playwright during the 1920s and early 1930s with plays such as Baal, Man is Man, The Threepenny Opera, and The Mother. In 1933, as Hitler came to power in Germany, Mr. Brecht fled to Scandinavia before eventually settling in the USA where he remained until 1947. ... view full profile
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Fax: (212) 206-1429 | <urn:uuid:5ddae942-ab77-4c7b-86ad-e217c0c711fc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.samuelfrench.com/p/20612/brecht-collected-plays-eight-the-antigone-of-sophocles-the-days-of-the-commune-turandot-or-the-whitewashers-congress | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00559-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933509 | 396 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Although Hamilton police reported a decrease in complaints about hate crimes and incidents last year, anti-racism advocates and religious leaders say the numbers are “incomplete.”
A new report, which will come before the police services board Friday, said there were 72 incidents last year with hate/bias overtones and eight hate/bias crimes — totalling 80 reported incidents.
Police said the total number of incidents last year marked a 13.1 per cent decrease from 2019, in which 92 incidents were reported.
Kojo Damptey, executive director of the Hamilton Centre for Civic Inclusion, told The Spectator the report doesn’t capture the whole story — but instead leaves questions about certain incidents.
In the report, Hamilton police noted 108 reports of mischief/hate bias incidents had been submitted through their online reporting tool launched last March to encourage residents to report incidents.
Of those complaints, only 22 of them met “the criteria for hate/bias reporting,” stated the report.
“I think it’s incomplete,” said Damptey, noting that the report provides no further details on motivation, location or what exactly happened in the incidents not counted.
In an email statement to The Spectator, police spokesperson Jackie Penman said each report was reviewed to determine if it met the criteria of a hate/bias incident.
The remainder “should have been submitted under different categories such as aggressive driving or domestics” and would then be reassigned to an appropriate investigator, said Penman.
A hate/bias-motivated crime is rooted in a criminal offence, such as assault, damage to property or uttering threats, that’s motivated by race, nationality, ethnic origin, language, colour, religion, sex, age, mental or physical disability or sexual orientation, according to police.
A hate/bias-motivated incident can have the same motivating factors, but doesn’t reach the level of a criminal offence, such as name-calling or racial insults.
A majority of the incidents reported last year involved bias directed at race, followed by religion and sexual orientation. Members of the Black, Jewish and LGBTQ communities were those most often targeted, according to police.
According to the report, 33 incidents involved members of the Black community, 30 involved members of the Jewish community, eight involved residents of Asian descent and five involved members of the LGBTQ community.
Rabbi Hillel Lavery-Yisraeli told The Spectator the numbers were “saddening to read, but not very surprising.”
“It’s nothing new to me that there is a lot of anti-Semitism in the city,” said Lavery-Yisraeli. “We’re disturbed by any incidents against any groups.”
Ameil Joseph, a McMaster University associate professor who studies critical race theory, said the numbers also make it “very clear” that anti-Black racism is “rampant” in the city.
“It should signal to people that we need to do more,” said Joseph in an interview. “It’s overwhelmingly anti-Black.”
Over the last eight years, the average number of reported hate crimes and incidents is approximately 121 per year.
But those experiences are likely “under-reported,” said Damptey. Both Joseph and Lavery-Yisraeli echoed that same concern.
Damptey said people don’t report hate crimes because they worry they may not be taken seriously. Folks from the LGBTQ and Black communities may also not be coming forward due to “broken relationships” with police, said Joseph.
In the report, the service recognized that not all incidents are reported and mentioned that due to the pandemic, the hate crime unit was not able to “present” to or do outreach with various minority and religious groups in the city, reasoning which Joseph called “inadequate.”
In a statement, Penman said police recognize the “historical distrust” when it comes to members of marginalized communities reporting hate crimes to police. She said the service is “committed” to engaging with the communities to address the gaps and encourage reporting.
Joseph said the distrust highlights the need for a community-based hate crime reporting platform that’s being developed by a handful of Hamilton organizations.
With the platform, which both Damptey and Joseph are spearheading, they hope to gather a more “fulsome” picture on incidents of hate in Hamilton, which could be further used to develop educational campaigns, inform policy and enhance support.
“We’re not saying the platform will be the panacea of hate, but it will give us more in-depth information,” said Damptey. “This (report) doesn’t give us anything.” | <urn:uuid:98876063-7b49-4f87-8ad1-4815c577bff6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thespec.com/news/hamilton-region/2021/04/22/hamilton-police-report-drop-in-hate-crimes-but-annual-report-is-incomplete-advocates-say.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.960216 | 1,030 | 1.875 | 2 |
India steps up space program with big budget, bigger satellites and a leap to Mars
The 3,400-kilogram GSAT-10 communication satellite – the heaviest ever built by India – launched early Saturday aboard an Ariane-5 rocket, the Alaska Dispatch reported. The satellite aims to be fully operational by November, and has a 15 year lifespan.
The GSAT-10 will boost telecommunications, direct-to-home and radio navigation services by adding 30 much-needed transponders to the country's current capacity. India is currently leasing foreign transponders to meet domestic demand.
The satellite launch was delayed by a week after scientists from Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) detected a small malfunction, discovering one gram of dust in the upper part of the rocket.
Chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Dr K. Radhakrishna displays a brochure highlighting ISRO's 100th mission as Additional Seceratary, depatment of space programs, S. Srinivasan looks during a press conference held at the ISRO facility in Bangalore on September 17, 2012 (AFP Photo / Manjunath Kiran)
Future plans: Ten missions in one year
With the first launch a success, the ISRO faces a hectic schedule for the next year, with 9 more missions on the agenda. The most high-profile event is the launch of an orbiter to Mars, slated for November 2013, which aims to collect data on Martian methane sources. The ISRO timed the mission to coincide with a window where the planet's orbit brings it closest to Earth.
India intends to complete the mission with no international assistance, as a means to demonstrate the growth of the ISRO. “At the moment, we plan to do it on our own,” ISRO chief K. Radhakrishnan said.
Some experts believe that even though India has the capacity to complete the mission without outside help, there is one potential stumbling block.
“How will the Mars orbiter be controlled, being 100-200 million kilometers away from the Earth? India might not have the right technology and the needed resources for this,” Novosti Kosmonavtiki ('Space News') columnist Igor Lisov told RT.
India also has the ambitious goal of sending a manned mission to space by 2016, which will be a huge step for the country, but may also prove difficult to implement in the limited timeframe.
“India has 4 years left, which is not a long time. However, the country has the chance to adapt what has already been developed by Russia, China and US,” Lisov told RT.
Indian scientists watch displays as they sit in The Mission Control Centre (MCC) of The Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) Master Control Facility (MCF) in the district of Hassan some 210kms from Bangalore on July 21, 2011 (AFP Photo / Str)
The ISRO has grown into one of the world's top six space programs since its inauguration: “The first 50 missions took 27 years, the next 50 took place in the last 10 years and the next 58 missions will happen in the next five years,” Radhakrishnan said.
Though its budget is less than one-tenth that of NASA's, it has increased every year since the early 2000s, jumping from $591 million in 2004 to 2005, to $1.3 billion in 2012 to 2013.
However, India’s space ambitions have been met with a mixed response among the domestic population. The mission to Mars drew widespread criticism for its high costs in the midst of an economic downturn – the venture is estimated to cost the country nearly $90 million.
Nevertheless, India's science community embraced the gains made by their country's space program. “India is a country which works on different levels,” Krishan Lal, President of the Indian National Science Academy told the Alaska Dispatch.
“On the one hand, we have a space mission, on the other hand a large number of bullock carts,” he said. “You can’t, say, remove all the bullock carts, then move into space. You have to move forward in all directions.” | <urn:uuid:75680b98-aee7-4109-b40f-055ba8b8e486> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.rt.com/news/india-space-satellite-budget-331/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940241 | 878 | 2.375 | 2 |
Color, Contrast, Brightness, Gamut, Spatial Uniformity
For an entry-level unit, I have to say that this Samsung has astonishingly good color rendering. Without finicky adjustment, I was able to get excellent colorimetry.
Let me remind you that this graph shows the difference between the desired color shade and the one actually displayed.
- If DeltaE >3, then the color displayed is significantly different from the one called for, meaning that the user will be able to perceive the difference.
- If DeltaE <2, LaCie considers the calibration a success, with a slight difference remaining, but one that will be all but undetectable to the user.
- If DeltaE < 1, color fidelity is excellent.
86% of the colors were perfect, 98% were good. Few monitors on the market today are capable of performance this good. The darkest colors were the most difficult to render correctly. Using a calibrator, I was able to improve the situation in shaded areas.
Contrast And Brightness
|Black spot||White spot||Contrast|
This unit's contrast, however, doesn't hold up that well to comparison. 407:1 is a little short of current market standards. But the brightness is relatively well calibrated. That means that the unit will be comfortable for office use.
Tested with the Gretag Eye-One Display 2 the monitor wasn't disappointing, but didn't really go beyond the bare minimum. Obviously, that isn't surprising at this price. Note also that the calibrator confirmed our visual impression that the display tended a little towards the greens.
The color gamut represents the richness of the colors displayed. The corners of the triangle are the primary colors (in additive synthesis, of course). The surface of the triangle represents all colors that are displayable by combining the three primary colors with more or less intensity for each. So, the greater the area of the triangle, the richer the colors. | <urn:uuid:50c8f0ae-a2e4-4880-acd8-5dd748b5befd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/four-wide-screen-19-monitors-compared,1560-3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.947861 | 427 | 1.78125 | 2 |
As businesses consider returning to full capacity and holding in-person events, testing strategies may be a key component in reopening safely. Here are some things to consider as you develop your own company’s testing strategy.
First, let’s be clear: people with symptoms should not work while they’re sick. If someone has had COVID in the past 90 days, they might not need a full 10-day exclusion, because reinfection during that 90-day window is very rare and we know that some COVID symptoms can develop a bit later. For those cases, if someone develops concerning symptoms, like a cough or fever, we generally recommend a three-day exclusion to start, with 24 hours symptom-free before they can return to work. For those who had COVID more than 90 days ago, though, reinfection is more common, so we recommend a 10-day exclusion in that case.
Unfortunately, yes. Breakthrough cases, as they’re called, aren’t common, but they do happen with some regularity. We’ve seen a few cases among our clients recently, and it likely has to do with some of these newer variants, which aren’t as easily stopped by the vaccines. So, if someone has COVID symptoms or tests positive for COVID, they should still stay home for 10 days whether or not they’re fully vaccinated.
Yes, vaccines (and in fact, lots of health-related things) affect women differently than men. The most obvious case of this is that the mild (normal) side effects of vaccines are often a bit worse in women, like pain in the arm near the injection site, or mild flu-like symptoms in the day or two after the shot.
The new J&J pause is due to blood clotting with low platelets, which in the US has happened to six women ages 18-48. Since it’s happened so rarely, it’s too early to say if it mostly affects women or certain age groups, but we can look to Europe where they’re navigating a similar situation with the AstraZeneca vaccine. We do see that, while these rare blood clots do affect men, they affect women more often. Both Pfizer and Moderna are mRNA vaccines, which show absolutely no patterns of severe side effects, and no major concerns for women. With these vaccines, there are zero cases of the blood clots like the J&J and AstraZeneca ones, with millions more people who have been vaccinated with Pfizer and Moderna.
You’re not alone. This is the number one issue our clients are facing across many industries right now, and we know that managers are feeling the pinch of low staffing. Having a few employees excluded for 10 days can be a huge problem. Even worse, though, is when there are 5, 10, even 20 people out sick at the same time, this can lead to closures, health department visits and bad press. The best way to reduce work exclusions is to be aggressive about handwashing, social distancing, masking, and staying home from work when sick. That one stomach bug your server had? Better to keep him out for three days than have seven more people down for the count and sick guests. Counterintuitively, encouraging sick people to stay home at the first sign of illness actually breaks the cycle of illness and keeps more people working.
The tough answer is that it’s not yet, and it’s not necessarily going to be soon. As much as we wish we could, there won’t be one day when we hit a magic button and all exclusions can go back to pre-pandemic lengths. Instead, we’ll likely have to make month-by-month adjustments, based on case counts, vaccination rates, variants, and new science. It’s already happening, slowly. Where a year ago we would’ve excluded anyone for a new cough, now we’re asking detailed questions about allergies before making a determination. Where a few months ago we would’ve put someone out for another 10 days if their COVID symptoms returned, now we’ll stick to just three if they’re within 90 days of their positive diagnosis. All of these changes are made based on the best new science, and our changing understanding of the virus and the risk of transmitting it. We expect some more highs and lows of cases through the winter, and hope that by this time next year we’ll see some significantly shorter work exclusions.
People online are measuring supposed vaccine status. Pfizer leads, Moderna is second. And if you had the Johnson & Johnson or AstraZeneca jabs, sorry, you’re not even in the race. | <urn:uuid:dcc31345-d674-45aa-aa4e-b1c86d881f5a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.getzedic.com/post/zero-hour-health-zedic-newsletter-friday-april-16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.957092 | 994 | 1.773438 | 2 |
The NECA-IBEW Electrical Training Center is always looking for new ways to reach its membership, trigger renewed interest in training and provide value above all else.
With that concept in mind, The NIETC is moving forward as does technology. Apprentices enrolling in classes are now being integrated into a Learning Management System or LMS. This system provides an online portal where students “log in” to their accounts, view all of their courses, view embedded video’s, click on active links to related resources and complete their assigned homework. The homework is then graded and reported back to the student and the Instructor. This allows for students to complete their homework, have it checked and re-study or seek out assistance on topics they did not understand. This also provide the instructor with an overview of how the students did on their attempts, what area’s caused a majority of the difficulty and what was well understood. The ultimate reward is better understanding and retention by the student. The reduce time consumed in the classroom spent reviewing material is now being used to offer enhance hands –on labs and expanding training on more difficult material. It is a win-win for all involved.
This move to utilizing technology does not stop at the apprentice level, Journey workers are seeing the trend also. The NIETC has been offering an online component for the renewal of CPR certification. Again students “log in” and go through a review of materials that they have previously covered in the original course and take a quiz on the written portion of the course. The student then come to the training center at a later date to perform the “hands-on” portion of CPR, demonstrating their physical abilities to perform the skills that they had reviewed and tested on online. This is only used for a renewal of a certificate that was originally issued in a a classroom setting and allows for members who have taken the class every two years to simply review and demonstrate, as that it ultimately the goal. Be proficient at CPR so it can be used when needed.
The Training Center has also reinvigorated a course on Instrumentation, which is a very technical high level topic in utilizing computers and programmable controllers to manage and process the mixture of fluids, gasses and electrical signals. This course encompasses at least 138 hours of student time in class along with uncounted hours in study and personal preparation for Certification testing. The high level mix of topics requires the student to have a broad knowledge of science in combining all of the components of this course. The end goal is certification and performing this work at some of our local High Tech clients throughout the Northwest.
Also new to the scene is a course on 3-D modeling or BIM. This course provides a base knowledge of how and why computers are being used to build virtual representations of structures before they are ever constructed, enabling the construction crews to foresee potential conflicts and avoid them prior to advancing in the construction phases. This saves not only reworking of the project but allows for a look into where the building will be at various timelines and provides for manpower forecasting as well as opportunities for prefabricating elements of the construction. This is also being integrated into apprentice classes to prepare them for their changing roles in the future. Technology is one aspect of construction that will continue to change at warp speed and we plan to do the same.
As 2013 comes to a close, it is always interesting to look back and reflect on what went on during the year. This “look at the numbers” can give us perspective on the progress we have made (or lack thereof) and hopefully some insight on where we go from here.
The Training Center registered 203 apprentices into the program in 2013, the largest number in a single year on record. Possibly even more impressive is that all but 4 have stayed on through the year. This demonstrates the quality of applicant in their commitment to the industry as well as the great job the interview and selection committee do on picking quality candidates. This number brings the program total up to 532 total, 4 Residential, 67 Limited Energy and the remaining Inside.
Although the overall numbers do not match the total in the program back in 1999, reaching over 600, they do show an increase and the number of incoming students is exceeding the number of those graduating.
Another interesting category is the number of women and minorities entering the program. The number of female apprentices account for 11.2 % of the total at 60, with minorities making up 13.3 % of the total with 71 total. The Training Center, along with NECA and IBEW continue to look at opportunities to enhance application and retention and promote growth in the programs. These effort will continue to evolve and include new and different options, community based organizations and methods. We encourage new ideas and invite you to offer your expertise in reaching new audiences that will promote our basic goals of inclusion and diversity. We also have 24 Veterans in the program.
Along the lines of apprenticeship come the contractors and members and their involvement in the program. We have 176 signatory contractors that are registered training agents, making them eligible to employ and train apprentices. Of that total, 48 are currently active in employing those approximately 200 apprentices. In terms of JW members, we had 485 of the approximate 3077 JW members attending continued Education classes this year. We expect that number to increase substantially in 2014 due to the upcoming adoption of the 2014 NEC.
In terms of code and CEU classes, it appears that as the states of Oregon and Washington go about the process of evaluating and creating the OESC and WAC, There is going to be a much more similar code being applied on both sides of the river. Both states are planning to move forward on a 2014 adoption, July 1 in Washington and Oct. 1 in Oregon. Additionally both states seem to be heading towards adopting the NEC in its native form on a much greater scale, modifying less and less, and therefor having a much greater consistency for the border states.
A number that often goes unnoticed but deserves to be recognized is eight. That is the number of Trustees from NECA and IBEW that continuously guide the JATC toward excellence in Apprentice and Journeyman training. They meet monthly, providing leadership and direction to the Training Center. Investing nearly 400 hours per year in meetings, Interviewing, and generally helping. We must recognize them as the backbone of the Training Center. Their efforts and commitment to the industry cannot be ignored. We have many areas to work on and will continue to strive for excellence. Given the efforts of everyone involved, I expect we will continue to see great things in our future. | <urn:uuid:3a91a0f8-83ef-43ef-ac8a-cb738114e953> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nietc.org/apprenticeship.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00192-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964674 | 1,349 | 1.96875 | 2 |
More than half of Americans who use smartphone apps say they have decided against installing one after they found out how much personal data they would have to share, according to a study released Wednesday from the Pew Internet & American Life project.
According to an article from the Associated Press, these apps include maps, games and other programs, which, in some instances, want to know a person’s location using the phone’s GPS function.
Thirty percent of app users say they have removed an app after finding out how much personal information it collects, the article says.
In all, 88 percent of adults say they own some sort of mobile phone, and 43 percent of those download applications to their phones, an increase from 31 percent in 2011.
According to the AP article, other findings include:
- 30 percent of smartphone owners say they turn off their phone’s locations tracking feature because they worry about people or companies accessing this information.
- Only 7 percent of basic cellphone owners turn off their phone’s location tracking.
- 41 percent of all cellphone owners say they back up data on their phones – including photos and contacts.
- Men were more likely than men to delete an app because of privacy concerns.
- BlackBerry owners are the most likely to say they’ve lost their phone or had it stolen: 45 percent compared with 30 percent of iPhone owners and 36 percent of Android owners.
- In all, nearly one-third of all mobile phone owners claim to have had a phone lost or stolen. | <urn:uuid:2ce1261c-0e5e-4595-9f3f-5ee78e6e23cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.securitymagazine.com/articles/83477-study--cellphone-users-concerned-about-app-privacy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.963193 | 312 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Synthesis of (cinnamate-zinc layered hydroxide) intercalation compound for sunscreen application
© Mohsin et al; licensee Chemistry Central Ltd. 2013
Received: 13 December 2012
Accepted: 25 January 2013
Published: 6 February 2013
Zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) intercalated with cinnamate, an anionic form of cinnamic acid (CA), an efficient UVA and UVB absorber, have been synthesized by direct method using zinc oxide (ZnO) and cinnamic acid as the precursor.
The resulting obtained intercalation compound, ZCA, showed a basal spacing of 23.9 Å as a result of cinnamate intercalated in a bilayer arrangement between the interlayer spaces of ZLH with estimated percentage loading of cinnamate of about 40.4 % w/w. The UV–vis absorption spectrum of the intercalation compound showed excellent UVA and UVB absorption ability. Retention of cinnamate in ZLH interlayers was tested against media usually came across with sunscreen usage to show low release over an extended period of time. MTT assay of the intercalation compound on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells showed cytotoxicity of ZCA to be concentration dependent and is overall less toxic than its precursor, ZnO.
(Cinnamate-zinc layered hydroxide) intercalation compound is suitable to be used as a safe and effective sunscreen with long UV protection effect.
KeywordsSunscreen Zinc layered hydroxide Zinc oxide Optical properties Cytotoxicity
World Health Organization estimates that 60,000 deaths occur in 2000 from melanoma and other skin cancers due to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation . Exposure to sunlight is unavoidable as we go about our daily errands. Sunscreen is our last defense against UV radiation. However, protection with sunscreen deemed inadequate due to photodegradation of organic UV absorber in sunscreen products that not only causes decrease in UV protection but also degrades with the occurrence of toxic degradation products. Therefore, development of a new sunscreen formulation is called for, to avoid previously mentioned effects.
Layered metal hydroxides can be categorized into layered double hydroxide (LDH) and layered hydroxide salt (LHS). Several studies have been done on the use of layered metal hydroxide-based sunscreen carrier system, in particular, LDH [2–4]. LDH can be represented by the general formula of [M3+1-xM3+x(OH)2]z+An-z/n.yH2O where An- is the interlayer anion, M2+ and M3+ are di- and trivalent metallic cation, respectively . Previous work has shown that cinnamate intercalated into Zn/Al LDH showed excellent UV ray shielding properties . However, to the best of our knowledge application of LHS as host has yet to be explored.
Zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) is a type of LHS, having the general formula of; M2+(OH)2-x(A m- ) x/m ∙nH2O where M2+ in this case is the metal cation Zn2+ and A m- is the counter ion . They boast a structure consisting of positively charged layers that can expand or contract depending on the nature of interlayer anions. In recent years, there has been extensive research on the use of ZLH as drug carriers [6, 7], slow release herbicides , flame retardants and anti-corrosion agents . In this study we further exploit its potential as an efficient host to organic molecules for possible application in sunscreen formulation.
In the present work, we investigated the intercalation of anion, cinnamate, into interlayer galleries of ZLH via direct method, as well as properties of the resulting cinnamate-ZLH (ZCA) intercalation compound. Direct method used involved a direct reaction between anion solution and ZnO precursor. Unlike other LHS synthesis methods like hydrolysis of salts and oxides , urea hydrolysis , precipitation with alkaline solution and solid state reactions , this method is simple, environmentally friendly and economical as it involves fewer steps and fewer chemicals.
By intercalating organic UV absorbers into interlayer galleries of ZLH, the expected advantages are; UV absorber stabilization in interlayer region of a lamellar host to increase photo-stability and decrease degradation of UV absorber, absorption of ultraviolet light rays in UVA and UVB region and the absence of close contact between skin that subsequently eliminates allergy problems .
In the present investigation, we selected human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells as a model to evaluate possible toxicity induction on the cells. Dermal fibroblasts are the most abundant cell in the human skin and represent the primary level of exposure to various environmental and other toxicants. Human skin is the primary anatomical barrier for various pathogens and damage, which acts as an important boundary marker between internal and external environment in the bodily defense system. Hence, the resulting intercalation compound of the present study was investigated for toxicity on human dermal fibroblast cells.
Materials and methods
Cinnamic acid (98%) was purchased from Acros (Geel, Belgium). Zinc oxide (99%) was obtained from PC Laboratory chemicals and was used without further purification. Sodium hydroxide (99%) from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and phosphate-buffered solution from Sigma-Aldrich (Missouri, USA) and sodium chloride (99%) from HmbG Chemicals (Hamburg, Germany) were used without further purifications.
Synthesis of zinc layered hydroxide intercalated with cinnamate
About 0.2 g of ZnO was reacted with 100 mL of 0.1 mol/L CA solution. The intercalation compound was titrated with 2 mol/L NaOH to the final pH of 8 before it was magnetically stirred for 5 h at room temperature. Then it was aged in an oil bath at 70°C for 18 h, before being centrifuged and washed with deionized water. The final white solid (ZCA) was dried under vacuum at 70°C, overnight.
Powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns were recorded with a XRD-6000 (Shimazdu, Kyoto, Japan) using CuKα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å) at 30 kV and 30 mA. The data was collected from 2 - 60º at a dwell time of 0.5º min-1. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded over the range of 280–4000 cm-1 on a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 100 (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) equipped with universal attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory. The carbon and hydrogen content in the intercalation compound were analyzed on a CHNS-932 (LECO Instruments, Michigan, USA). The chemical composition of the samples was analyzed for zinc by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) using a Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer model Optima 2000DV (Perkin-Elmer, Massachusetts, USA) under standard conditions. Thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analyses (TGA/DTG) were performed on alumina crucibles with a Metter-Toledo instrument model TGA851e (Greifensee, Switzerland) at a heating rate of 10°C min-1 in the range of 25 – 1000°C and under nitrogen gas flow of about 50 mL·min−1. Surface characterization of the materials was carried out using a nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption technique at 77 K with a Micromeritics, ASAP2000 (Georgia, USA). The surface morphology of the samples was observed by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) using a ZEISS supra 40VP (Oberkochen, German), and optical measurements were performed on a Shimadzu (Kyoto, Japan) UV–VIS-NIR diffuse reflectance spectrometer (UV-3600 model).
Release of cinnamate from ZCA
Release of cinnamate anion from ZLH host against time was measured in situ at λmax = 272 nm using a Perkin-Elmer UV–VIS spectrometer Lambda 35 (Perkin-Elmer, Massachusetts, USA) by adding 0.2 mg of sample into 3.5 mL of deionized water, 0.5 mol/L NaCl and pH 5.5 phosphate buffer solution, at room temperature. Data was collected and fitted to zero-, first-, pseudo-second order and parabolic diffusion kinetic models.
Human dermal fibroblasts were obtained from ATCC (Virginia, USA). Human dermal fibroblast cells were cultured at 37°C and 5% CO2 in high glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (ScienCell Research Laboratories, California, USA) containing 2% fetal bovine serum, 0.5% penicillin–streptomycin, 1% glutamine, and 1% non-essential amino acids. Cultured cells were passaged using 0.25% trypsin. At 85% confluence, cells were harvested using 0.25% trypsin and were subcultured/seeded into 96-well plates.
Cell viability assay
Healthy human dermal fibroblast cells (at a density of 1 × 104 cells/well) were seeded in a 96-well culture plate. Cultured cells were incubated for 24 h prior to treatment. The cells were growing until 80% confluence, and the media were replaced with different gradient concentrations (from 0.781 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL) of sample in media for 24 h. After the exposure time, sample containing media were aspirated. The cells were then incubated with freshly prepared MTT solution in fresh medium for 4 h at 37°C until a purple colored formazan product developed. After the incubation time, 100 μL DMSO was added to each well to dissolve the formazan crystals. Absorbance of the solution in 96 well plates was measured at 570 and 690 nm using a Bio-Tek ELISA microplate reader EL800 (Vermont, USA). Cell viability was analyzed as a ratio of sample treated cells to untreated cells (control at 0 μg/mL).
Results and discussion
X-ray diffraction and spatial orientation of the guest between ZLH interlayers
Sun et al. reported intercalation of cinnamate anion into Zn/Al LDH as host. The reported basal spacing of intercalation compound is 18.0 Å . Subtracting layer thickness, the gallery available to be occupied is 13.2 Å which is relatively close to the value recorded for ZLH host. Hence we can deduce that cinnamate maintains similar orientation in both hosts. However, the observed basal spacing for ZLH host is significantly larger than what was reported for LDH host. We proposed that ZCA intercalation compound follows LHS type IIb structure which is formed by one quarter of the octahedral zinc cations displaced from main layer to tetrahedral sites located above and below each empty tetrahedron. The base of the tetrahedral share hydroxide groups with the octrahedral layer and the apex is occupied by water molecules. Thus, the tetrahedral sheet accounts for larger basal spacing recorded for cinnamate intercalation in ZLH host.
Physico-chemical properties of ZnO and ZCA intercalation compound
BET surface area (m2/g)
BJH pore diameter (Å)
BJH pore volume (m2/g)
ZnO has long been used in sunscreen products as it carries a strong capability to absorb UV rays. However, recent findings shows hair follicle allows penetration of nanoparticles up to 320 nm in size and excitation of ZnO due to sunlight and household items produces oxygen radical species that plays a role in skin aging and photocarcinogenesis [22–24]. In a way, conversion of ZnO precursor to particles of ZCA that are bigger in size will prevent penetration into hair follicles.
Release behavior of cinnamate anions
ZLH as host for sunscreen molecules will have some level of release as it has anion exchange capability but the release was shown to be very slow and achieved saturation state at low concentration. These results shows novelty of ZLH use in sunscreen formulation as it provides prolonged UV protection as well as prevention of UV ray absorbent molecules photodegradation into toxic degradation products.
Release kinetics of cinnamate from ZCA intercalation compound
Correlation coefficient, rate constant and half time obtained by fitting the release data of cinnamate from ZCA intercalation compound into various media using zeroth-, first-, parabolic diffusion and pseudo-second order kinetic models
Saturated release (%)
Correlation coefficient, r2
Rate constant of pseudo second order, k(L mg-1min-1)
t1/2of pseudo second order(min)
9.09 × 10-6
0.5 mol/L NaCl
1.07 × 10-5
Phosphate buffer pH 5.5
1.38 × 10-4
Release rate of the anion from the ZLH interlayer is influenced by the affinity of available anions in the media. The presence of carbonate, an anion known to have the strongest affinity towards ZLH interlayer, in deionized water was responsible for relatively fast and high accumulated release. Low accumulated release and slow release rate in 0.5 mol/L NaCl is attributed to low ion exchange affinity of chloride towards interlayer of ZLH. Phosphate buffer solution consists of phosphate, carbonate and chloride while 0.5 mol/L NaCl contains only chloride. Release rate and accumulated release will be elevated with the presence of phosphate combined with other anions due to multiple hydrolysis of phosphate [34, 35]. ZCA was found to have the highest accumulated release and fastest rate in skin pH simulation. Nonetheless, ZCA reached a saturated release in phosphate buffer after prolonged time (13 h) in comparison to actual use of sunscreen product. Furthermore, pH 5.5 phosphate buffer only reproduces skin pH value and not the real physiological conditions.
Effect of ZLH-sunscreen intercalation compound on cell viability
The biomedical applications of synthesized nanoparticles are currently attracting much research interest. The progress and application of nanotechnology enhances the quality of our human lives but also results in a health burden. Major issue in determining the efficacy of these materials is assessing their potential cellular toxicity either due to their inherent chemical composition/structure or as a consequence of their nanoscale biophysical properties . In order to evaluate directly if these synthesized nanoparticles were in a range to be physiologically harmful to human skin, we tested their effects on human dermal fibroblasts using a cell viability biological assays.
We found that synthesized intercalation compound exposure effectively reduced cell viability of human dermal fibroblasts at concentration 25 μg/mL and above. Based on this finding we suggest that intercalation compound dosage up to 12.5 μg/mL did not produce any cytotoxicity. Hence, further studies should focus at the range of the concentration not more than that 25 μg/mL, to develop the cosmetic product using the particular nanocarrier. At a concentration higher than 25 μg/mL, substantial study to focus on dermal toxicity with experimental animals for translational studies to provide systematic molecular mechanisms for biomedical application.
In the present work, organic UV-ray absorbing active agent, cinnamate anion has been successfully intercalated into ZLH interlayers spaces from zinc oxide precursor to generate ZCA intercalation compound with a basal spacing of 23.9 Å to accommodate cinnamates in a bilayer arrangement. ZCA intercalation compound retained excellent absorption capacity in the UV region of pure CA but with slight shift in absorption peaks and broadened absorption range due to arrangement in host and host-guest interactions. Retention of cinnamate in ZLH interlayers was tested with various media to show slow release and saturated release at a very low concentration. Hence it was demonstrated that the resulting material is suitable to be used as sunscreen with long term UV protection effect.
Prof. Dr. Mohd Zobir Hussein is a Professor of Chemistry in Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia. His major research areas include layered organic–inorganic nanohybrid for gene and drug delivery, nanoparticles and nanostructured materials, their design, synthesis and applications. He is a prolific author and has contributed to more than 200 technical papers. He is the assignor of 1 granted patent on the preparation method of nanomaterial for controlled release formulation and co-assignor of another 2 granted patents.
Zinc layered hydroxide
Human dermal fibroblast
Layered hydroxide salt
Cinnamate- zinc layered hydroxide intercalation compound
This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) of Malaysia under ERGS/1/11/STG/UPM/01/01/18. One of the authors (SMNM) would like to thank Universiti Putra Malaysia for Graduate Research Fellowship (GRF).
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | <urn:uuid:c8580745-19fe-4528-b5f0-4baeb82b74f1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ccj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/1752-153X-7-26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00429-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.859616 | 6,391 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The 2020 United States presidential election was the 59th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020. [a] The Democratic ticket of former vice president Joe Biden and the junior U.S. senator from California Kamala Harris defeated the incumbent Republican president Donald Trump and incumbent vice president Mike Pence .
The Conservative Party is a member of a number of international organisations, most notably the International Democrat Union which unites right-wing parties including the United States Republican Party, the Liberal Party of Australia, the Indian Bharatiya Janata Party, the Conservative Party of Canada and the South Korean United Future Party.
FindLaw's blogs for legal professionals have it all — from news on the most important federal court cases to tips for growing your business and implementing new technology. Practice of Law Law practice is a lifestyle.
Nov 29, 2021 · On Monday, New York Democratic Rep. Tom Suozzi announced he plans to leave his 3rd District seat behind to run for governor in 2022. Suozzi is the 18th Democrat in the House planning to retire or ...
Aug 01, 2022 · Jordan Klepper has returned to the Emmy Award-winning late-night series The Daily Show with Trevor Noah to provide a series of field reports throughout the 2020 presidential election and beyond. In 2019, Klepper was the host and executive producer of Klepper, a comedic docuseries.
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Aug 03, 2022 · Readers sound off on August 9 primaries. ... Qualifications Vermont State Senator 2020 - present 3 Term South Burlington Councilor 2015 – present UVM Faculty Senate President 2019-2020 GMT Board ... | <urn:uuid:37606aa1-7388-4486-8f88-d8f91c49ab2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://search.yahoo.com/mobile/s?p=trading+volume+wikipedia+2020+democratic+primaries+interactive&ei=UTF-8&norw=1&_tsrc=apple&age=1m&fr2=p%3As%2Cv%3Aw%2Cm%3Ars-bottom%2Cct%3Agossip | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.946523 | 374 | 1.5 | 2 |
I have spent the last several weeks immersed in people's stories about their food histories* -- not what they eat, or have eaten, but how they have aspired to make the food system healthy, just, and fair. As I work to interpret what seems so important about food stories that it compels people to put considerable work into telling them, I have found myself braiding together three different strands of the stories I have been listening to: an oral history of rural food in the U.S. midwest, last week's narrative-based Food + Justice = Democracy conference facilitated by the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, and this weekend's 34th annual Prairie Festival at the Land Institute, a Kansas plant genetics oasis where a charismatic crew has tried to intervene in the evolutionary path of grain and oilseed agroecosystems by perennializing them. The resonance between these three very different discourses creates a powerful impression of a theme we often return to in OnFiction: the relationship between the way people narrate their experiences and the imaginative metadiscourse they use to create containers for their stories, especially when these stories exceed their capacity to understand in straightforward ways.
First, partly because of their sheer volume, I turn to the chorus of stories I have been hearing as I tag along as part of Peter Shea's food oral history project, which has been commissioned by the Minnesota Historical Society (via the Arts and Cultural Heritage program). Both rural and urban popular food histories have been propagating wildly as people develop increasingly critical interests in food, and try to harness their food experiences to various politics involved in improving the problems they seen in the food system. I keep expecting that listening to familiar food stories will become repetitive and boring (after all, as anyone who has ever had to wait for me for dinner will tell you, I am not as motivated by food as the amount I write about it might lead one to believe). I am constantly surprised, however, at how compelling I find people's food stories -- mostly because they combine narration of deeply felt visceral and emotional experiences with abstract categories and frameworks that help them organize and limit the often overwhelmingly complex entanglements of food system relationships and demands. As people use conceptual frameworks to organize their food aspirations, such as "local" or "fair trade" (or for agriculture, "organic" or "agroecological"), both the functions and the limits of such frameworks can be seen. Without these organizing frameworks, the problems and solutions of food and agriculture become a dense thicket of competing stories -- but within them, people telling food stories often falter when they run past the edge of their explanatory frames (as can often be seen in popularized rhetorical jousting between proponents of industrialized and traditional agricultural practices) or when they run into apparent contradictions (we may need to pay more for food to increase the part of the food dollar that goes to workers (currently ~16%) but will this raise the price of food beyond even the ability of better-paid food workers?). In fact, a significant part of the reason that I am exploring this line of thought on functional metadiscourse in the pages of OnFiction has to do with the way that people almost appear to fictionalize the terra incognita realms of the food system: either in assuaging guilt over food chain workers or in dramatizing food chain problems, food stories often veer into the fantastical in ways that exhibit desperate attempts to construct meaning.
I came to the IATP Food + Justice conference from weeks of people's cacophonous attempts to sort through what they want in a food system, and how to get there -- and I found (amongst a rich and powerful set of narratives about which I will write more) a tremendously useful frame: explicitly focused on narratives about people's experience of contemporary or historical trauma in the food system, this conference started from a very focused perspective that helped organize lived experience around an acknowledgement that food systems have very often been systematically unfair to specific people -- in the North American case, for example, by being largely predicated on enslaved and indentured labor and on appropriated land. The metadiscourse used to create space for discussing such difficult topics not only helped prioritize and draw patterns out of the lived experience conveyed by the personal narratives, it also acknowledged the phenomenological qualities of being in such a discourse, and particularly of remaining there, dialogically, over time. Shepherded by Sam Grant and Zea Leguizamon from the Movement Center for Deep Democracy, organizer LaDonna Redmond, and a team of colleagues, conference participants were encouraged to pay attention to their experience of narratives of trauma -- to sit thoughtfully with the feelings and ideas and reactions evoked, and rather than to ask questions directly back to the speaker, in the usual conferencey way, and to consolidate a more closed interpretation that manages what has been disturbing in the narrative presented, instead to take their experiences back to discussion assemblies where they would craft them into propositions for what food justice means. Further, in a transformative move, intentional physical movement was used to signal that the narratives we were facing were difficult ones, ones that required some additional framing if we were going to engage with them comfortably enough to remain engaged -- an embodied metadiscourse that not only made it explicitly ok to feel discomfort, but actively built into the narrativizing exercise an injunction to develop supportive scaffolds to make sure that the discomfort itself, as well as ways of coping with it, are folded into the stories that get told around facing food-related trauma, exploitation, and healing.
My final experience in this packed few weeks of immersion in food stories involved driving to the Land Institute in Kansas with part of the wonderful Science Museum of Minnesota professional development team. Supported by their approach to eliminating achievement gaps in math and science, and inspired by many conversations during the food justice conference about the possibilities of linking up with longstanding farm justice discourses, I felt the perfect time had come to figure out why it is that people find the agrarian author Wendell Berry so inspiring. Berry was indeed tremendously poetic -- and between his talk and Wes Jackson's masterful invocation of Berry's recent Jefferson lecture on the necessity of historical imagination, I came away with a much greater appreciation for the value of capturing gestural impulses in stories -- without them necessarily being overwhelmed by the need to be wholly complete or completely accurate. While I remain personally committed to a more critical mode of neo-agrarianism than the Berry version (in which I am haunted by the historical imagination of overwhelmingly gendered labor and oppressive social control), I am glimpsing a much more nuanced vision of the functional uses of poetics -- and wondering whether such poetics may be part of what always prompts me to want to soften the boundary between fiction and narrative non-fiction when people are making claims for the functions of fiction. Like the instructions to loosen our shoulders against the reactive hunching brought on by Hmong farmers stories of the bombing of Laos or of Doug Blackmon's stories of the systematic unprovoked imprisonment of black men to fill labor contracts between the civil war and WWII, metadiscursive poetics can gesture toward relational emotions, narrative states, and even physical stances we might find helpful as we navigate our ways through difficult narration and discourse. | <urn:uuid:8d7cb3fa-e881-4785-888c-95d6916db145> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.onfiction.ca/2012/10/functional-metadiscourse-and-poetics-of.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00265-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968537 | 1,477 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Helioseismology studies the wave oscillations in the Sun. This is like the study of seismic waves on Earth.
These waves are affected by the temperature of the Sun and the deep motions inside the Sun.
Scientists observe these waves at the Sun's surface. Since the waves are created deep inside the Sun, scientists use these waves to understand the Sun's interior. That is why helioseismology is called a diagnostic.
We can see similar waves in other stars too.
60 foot tower at Mt. Wilson Observatory
where helioseismology work began in the 1960's
Click on image for full size (26K JPEG)
Image courtesy of University of Southern
California, 60 Foot Solar Tower at Mt. Wilson Observatory.
A computer-generated image of a
wave moving through the interior of the Sun.
Sounds of the Stars
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THE prime minister of Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif, believes he has found a way to bring order to the seemingly lawless city of Karachi. On November 20th he said that those accused of terrorism or other serious crimes would be tried by military courts. “These courts will take decisions not in months, not in weeks but in days,” he said.
The move has dismayed many Pakistanis. Although the army has ruled Pakistan for almost half of its history, the country now has a freely elected government and a civilian judiciary. A military court has few of the checks and balances of a civil court. It reaches its verdict within 72 hours, subject to an appeal to another military court. Even the Supreme Court has no power to intervene, however severe the sentence.
At least 600 people have died this year in gun battles in Karachi, Pakistan's chief port and commercial centre. The police blame the killings on battles between rival factions in the Muttahida Qaumi Movement, or MQM, which draws support from those, or their kin, who left India at the time of partition in 1947. But the police and their colleagues in the paramilitary Rangers also tend to be trigger-happy. The police themselves are part of the Karachi problem. Many are corrupt and are used by politicians to harass opponents. Under the new procedure, they appear to have retained their powers to arrest suspects, who, after interrogation, will then presumably be handed over to the military courts.
Mr Sharif reckons that cutting through the red tape of the police and the judicial system will produce quick results. He is likely to be encouraged in the short term. Immediate and harsh punishments could have a deterrent effect on others. But the measure has a desperate “must do something” air about it.
Apart from the killings in Karachi, violence is common throughout the country, particularly over religion. Disputes between militant groups of Sunni and Shia Muslims are often settled by the gun. Last week, nine Christians were found dead in northern Pakistan with their throats slit. A message left at the scene suggested that the Christians were thought by local people to be practising magic. But the massacre may have been carried out by Islamic fundamentalists intolerant of other religions.
Fundamentalism is gaining ground in Pakistan. Mr Sharif has further upset moderate Pakistanis by promoting a bill in the federal parliament that aims to make Islamic law supreme in the country. It is now being considered by the Senate after gaining approval in the lower house. The prime minister raised more fears when he announced that he favours the type of justice practised by the Taliban, the strict Islamists who now run most of neighbouring Afghanistan. He was reported to have told a public meeting,Today, in Afghanistan, crimes have virtually come to naught. I have heard that one can safely drive a vehicle full of gold at midnight without fear. I want this kind of system in Pakistan. Justice will end oppression and bring prosperity.
At present, few vehicles full of gold can be found in Pakistan. Businessmen say that, despite official claims to the contrary, the economy is contracting. Sales are down and new investments have dried up. Growing unemployment and the probability of more jobless young people turning to crime are the likely outcome.
Some good economic news came on November 25th with the IMF's announcement that it had reached agreement with Pakistan on a $5.5 billion debt-rescheduling package. It includes a $1.56 billion loan frozen as part of the economic sanctions imposed after last May's nuclear tests but now lifted. The government also claims to have settled a quarrel with independent power companies, which it had accused of corruption. The quarrel was thought to have deterred foreign investors. Even now, new investors may be in no hurry to rush into Pakistan.
This article appeared in the Asia section of the print edition under the headline "Desperate justice"
From the November 28th 1998 edition
Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contentsExplore the edition
But the countries are not in an arms race—yet
Yoon Suk-yeol, a former top prosecutor, would like his powers back
The prime minister has vowed to hold a referendum on the topic within three years | <urn:uuid:c8ad4e8c-4261-4c16-8ba1-c39922307b5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/asia/1998/11/26/desperate-justice | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.975315 | 863 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Little girls everywhere will learn what it means to “stand in another person’s wellies” with American Girl’s new WellieWishers—a line of five fun-loving characters—Willa, Kendall, Ashlyn, Emerson, and Camille—who are out to make the world a kinder, friendlier place.
The company American Girl created WellieWishers to help younger girls, ages 5-7, discover the social and emotional skills they need to become empathetic, compassionate, and thoughtfully motivated individuals. Timeless life lessons on sharing, cooperation, respecting feelings, and making things right are passed along to girls through each WellieWishers character, who navigates the ins and outs of friendship through play, songs, and imagination.
“Recent research shows what moms and American Girl have championed for years—that helping young children develop social and emotional skills is one of the most important things we can do to help them achieve lifelong happiness and success,” says Katy Dickson, president of American Girl, in Middletoln, Wis. “The WellieWishers celebrate an amazing time in a young girl’s life when she’s learning about herself through the world around her, and we’re proud to partner with parents to help their daughters make good choices today that will ultimately define the person and friend she’ll become tomorrow.”
The beautiful, whimsically illustrated early chapter books about the WellieWishers’ fun and fanciful outdoor adventures are written with humor and heart by American Girl author Valerie Tripp. A key advisor in shaping and creating the WellieWishers’ concept, Ms. Tripp loved using her 40+ years of writing experience for readers ages 2-10, as well as her academic background (BA in Child Psychology from Yale; master’s in Education fromHarvard) and deep affection for this age group to bring the energetic, earnest, imaginative WellieWishers characters and their world to life. The stories will delight girls and their mothers as they celebrate the promise and potential of young readers and gently model the life skills that help build strength of character and confidence.
The WellieWishers’ adventures and lessons further unfold in American Girl’s first-ever animated series, airing in fall 2016. Each 11-minute episode follows the fun-filled exploits of the five smart and lively six-year-olds, who have limitless imaginations and the same big wish: to be a good friend. When the WellieWishers step into their colorful rain boots, they are ready for anything in their aunt’s whimsical backyard garden. Young viewers are entertained through stories, humor, and catchy songs as the WellieWishers work, dream, and play together—feeding birds, making mud pies, creating art, and putting on shows—all while imparting valuable lessons in friendship.
To further engage girls and bring the characters to life, American Girl is debuting a free WellieWishers app, where players can explore the interactive garden world through three mini games—Carrot Care, Mud Pie Maker, and Garden Harmony. Little girls will delight in the sweet, silly, and unexpected surprises that get unlocked the more they play. The free app is available through play.americangirl.com.
Rounding out the play experience is a line of adorable 14½-inch dolls (retail $60) and garden-themed accessories, including a magical theater stage and a premium wooden playhouse with over 30 pieces. Young girls can even dress like their favorite character with a selection of dress-like-your-doll clothing, like enchanted garden PJs or a pair of peek-a-boo wellies.
The WellieWishers collection is available June 23 through American Girl’s catalogue, at americangirl.com, and at all American Girl retail locations nationwide. Also on June 23, American Girl stores are hosting specialWellieWishers launch events, where young girls can get a first look at the full product collection and the new interactive WellieWishers in-store experience, plus enjoy colorful crafts and a fun photo opportunity. Girls can also take part in free and paid WellieWishers-related events throughout the year. _ PRNewswire. | <urn:uuid:f39ed9c1-7f44-4866-86de-77b48e61b9de> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.canindia.com/five-fun-loving-characters-in-books-app-and-as-dolls-for-girls-aged-5-to-7/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928448 | 885 | 1.835938 | 2 |
India, Kenya, Nicaragua, and Mexico – around the planet, we are working to accelerate global impact through social entrepreneurship. Based on twelve years of practical experience, we are using our GSBI® methodology to strengthen and scale social enterprises of all types that together impact the lives of millions.
- GSBI Boost “Train-the-trainers” sessions help mission-aligned organizations apply Silicon Valley’s culture of innovation to social enterprises in their geographies and sectors.
- Fr. Phil Cooke, our Jesuit in-residence, is bringing an innovative, entrepreneurial spirit to Catholic social justice projects. He is combining the powerful Catholic vision of service to the poor with the proven GSBI methodology to effect real change.
- At the meeting of our GSBI Network, now numbering more than 22 universities and organizations, working groups on impact measurement, capacity development, and early-stage innovation formed. The Network shares best practices to scale collective impact.
The theme of this year’s Skoll World Forum in Oxford is ‘Belief’; our GSBI and Impact Capital leaders will join other delegates from the social, finance, private, and public sectors. We believe that the Silicon Valley start-up experience we offer can help social entrepreneurs eradicate poverty. We believe that unlocking innovative investment strategies can serve those who need funds the most. And, we believe our students are the next generation of change agents who will help make it happen.
On April 30th, we are hosting Magis, an evening to celebrate the social enterprise movement and honor Lisa and Charly Kleissner of KL Felicitas Foundation and Matt Flannery of Kiva. We hope to see you there to share in the joy of social entrepreneurship.
We are committed to openly sharing our experience and methods for accelerating global impact. Reach out to us to join our network and circle of friends! | <urn:uuid:6fea4211-76eb-43d1-947e-f15150c5c261> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.scu-social-entrepreneurship.org/socent-blog1/2015/3/31/belief-in-a-collective-future | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00551-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888144 | 381 | 1.765625 | 2 |
We never put our hands in the air to the Japanese, and never laid down arms until ordered to do so.”
because it had the largest population in the world and emerging demands for a more modern lifestyle.
In 1984, he proposed that Ontario and China’s Jiangsu province, where the Nanking Massacre happened during Japan’s invasion, establish a joint venture, the Jiangsu-Ontario Technology Centre, which was built in 1987.
“We brought the premier of Jiangsu to Toronto and she invited our premier... and we had a wonderful relationship,” he said. “So I’ve been involved with the Chinese people as a soldier, and as a diplomat, for a long time, for about 80 years.” of the victory of the antiFascist war and the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese aggression.
The ceremony was held in front of the Defence of Hong Kong Memorial Wall. MacDonell was invited to represent Canadian veterans of the Battle of Hong Kong.
MacDonald dedicated his remarks to the Chinese volunteers who fought alongside the Canadians in what he described as a courageous attempt to thwart the Japanese invaders against overwhelming odds.
Luo Zhaohui, China’s ambassador to Canada, presented MacDonell with a certificate of appreciation for his bravery.
“For the young Canadian fighters, they fought not for conquest. They fought to end conquest. They fought for peace, for lasting peace,” Luo said at the ceremony. “Some survived while others never returned. They slept forever in the remote lands. We will never forget them. We will remember them forever.” Contact the writer at renali@ chinadailyusa.com
Luo Zhaohui, China’s ambassador to Canada, presents MacDonell with a certificate of appreciation at the June 18 ceremony in recognition of his bravery in the Battle of Hong Kong. Senator Joseph Day is to the right of Luo.
MacDonell (back row, fourth from left) is with his comrades in this photo taken on Sept 15, 1945, the day they were released from the Japanese prison camp at Ohasi. | <urn:uuid:35a18769-55d4-45da-a17b-400989d13e46> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pressreader.com/china/china-daily-canada/20150724/281956016480940 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00232-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971428 | 448 | 2.5625 | 3 |
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To celebrate this relationship and these women, we visited them in Morocco and funded the planting of four hundred argan trees. It will take between six and eight years for the trees to mature to fruit, and as such is a beautiful investment for both of our futures.
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Morocco: Prices back to normal for onions and tomatoes
2019/05/14 · First batch of Philippine Hass avocados arrive in China Morocco: Prices back to normal for onions and tomatoes The Ministry of Agriculture, Maritime Fisheries, Rural Development and Water and ...
Planting Rose Bushes
Planting roses is a fun and enjoyable way to add beauty to your garden. While planting roses may seem intimidating for the beginning gardener, in fact, the process is very easy. Click here to learn more. By Stan V. Griep American ...
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A review of solar drying technologies
Maiti et al. reported the design and development of an indirect, natural convection batch-type solar dryer fitted with North-South reflectors . The desired extent of drying of ‘papad’ – a popular Indian wafer – could be achieved within 5 h in this static dryer having 1.8 m 2 area of the collector and computed loading capacity of 3.46 kg.
How to Plant Roses
Gardeners planting roses in warm climates may prefer to leave the bud union above ground since there is little chance of frost damage. You can bury the graft no matter where you are gardening, but when it is underground, there is always the chance that sprouts will grow from the rootstock, resulting in a plant different from the one grafted on top.
Chardonnay is an important component of many sparkling wines around the world, including Champagne and Franciacorta in Italy. Chardonnay's popularity peaked in the late 1980s, then gave way to a backlash among those wine connoisseurs who saw the grape as a leading negative component of the globalization of wine.
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- breedon archives marble and stone polishing products and accessories | <urn:uuid:b5ed25ae-4441-4828-9149-739da7a1482d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lublewo-sala.pl/qq0S2x | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.893415 | 1,918 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from Vietnam (Khanh Hoa and Quang Nam provinces)
Gusev, Evgeniy S.; Thanh, Nguyen Thi Hai
The present paper focuses on flora of silica-scaled chrysophytes from tropical reservoirs in Vietnam. The use of electron microscopy technique allowed for the discovery of 18 taxa in eight reservoirs. In the class Chrysophyceae, two species belonging to two genera (Chrysosphaerella, Paraphysomonas) were found. In the class Synurophyceae, 13 species and a single variety of the genus Mallomonas have been recorded and two species belonging to the genus Synura were found. Seventeen taxa are reported for the first time from Vietnam. | <urn:uuid:1eed9a7d-3904-42ec-83f3-11882196ce06> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/nova_hedwigia/detail/93/76301/Silica_scaled_chrysophytes_Chrysophyceae_and_Synurophyceae_from_Vietnam_Khanh_Hoa_and_Quang_Nam_provinces | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00467-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89715 | 175 | 1.507813 | 2 |
You might not think urban navigation is a very important skill, but you’ll change your mind quickly if a disaster happens while you’re away from home.
Picture it: You and your best friends are packed into a shiny new car you just bought with your summer bonus, headed to the beach for your dream vacation because, let’s face it, the condo you rented is pretty fantastic. It’s nestled right on the sand, only a stone’s throw from the ocean, and you can’t wait to catch some of those rays and waves.
Sure, it’s been a long drive, but you know the destination will be worth it. Plus, it’s a beautiful day, the sun is shining, and you’re rocking your shades–not to mention blasting your favorite tunes on your fancy, souped-up stereo.
You’re almost there. Traffic is a bit congested, but it’s nothing you don’t deal with on a daily basis during your commute to work. All you have to do is cross the bridge ahead of you and you’ll be on the boardwalk in no time.
Oh, How Quickly Your Luck Can Change
Suddenly, you hear an earth-shattering explosion strong enough to shake your entire car. The lights on the bridge fizzle out. Traffic comes to a dead halt. Horns start honking. Soon you hear sirens in the distance, and people start getting out of their cars to see what happened.
Don’t panic, you tell your friends as you turn on your blinkers and step outside. But as you take a few steps forward, you see the entire bridge has been crushed. And so too have your dreams of getting to the beach anytime soon.
Unfortunately, there’s nowhere to back up and turn around. Cars are everywhere–total gridlock. You turn off the music and tune to the local news station, hoping to find an update. The radio doesn’t work. You check your phone, but bad news here, too. No internet. You can’t even send a text message or make a call.
Is this a terrible Netflix horror movie? Or is this really happening? And what do you do now?
It looks like you and your friends are going to have to abandon the vehicle and search for signs of working civilization on foot. Especially since you all really have to go to the bathroom. But without your GPS, you feel stranded. Here are five tools–and skills–you will need to navigate through this situation.
1. A Compass and a Map
Sure, it sounds old-school, especially when you usually have Siri or Google to tell you where to turn and when. But now that she’s offline, old-school is the best you can do.
Just in case of emergencies, you should always have a compass and a paper map on board as a backup to your technology. And if you’re going out of town, you should order a map of the city or state you’re going to. Of course, these tools won’t help you much if you don’t know how to use them. But with a little bit of studying, you too can become an expert at reading a compass and a map so you can go find that rest stop.
The last thing you need when you’re stranded in unknown territory–sweating and having no idea when you’ll find air conditioning–is sun poisoning or a severe sunburn that can cause not just redness and blistering, but fever, dizziness and nausea. In this scenario you were heading to the beach so you should already have sunscreen on hand. Make sure you buy broad-spectrum sunscreen of SPF 30 or higher, which protects against long-wave and short-wave ultraviolet rays.
3. Keep a 72-Hour Kit in the Trunk
It’s important to be prepared for any scenario. While many people keep bug out bags at home, it’s also wise to keep something in the trunk. A 72-hour kit would provide enough resources to get you back to safety. Fill it with enough supplies to allow you to hike from point A to point B, or home. In the case above, make sure you have enough packed for the number of people you are traveling with. You can purchase 72-hour kits with supplies for two people or four people, or you can make your own.
Having one of these ready is important for your survival because they come with both food and water. The average person can go about 100 hours without water, but that’s in mild temperatures with low activity levels. If you’re hiking through the summer sun, you’re going to need to find fluids fast. When trekking through a hot environment, you should drink at least 16 ounces of water each hour.
Keep in mind, it’s important that you test your kit before disaster strikes. How else will you know what you are missing? Make sure to check the expiration dates on your MREs since their shelf life is dependent upon the temperature you store them in.
4. Orienteering Skills
What if you find yourself stuck in the woods and you don’t know how to make it out to safety? This is where refined orienteering skills could come in handy. Orienteering involves much more than just the ability to read a map or compass. Practice, practice, practice just in case disaster strikes. It can be fun! Here are a few tips:
- Select a Catching Feature — That’s a distinct feature in the forest you know you can’t miss and will let you know when you’ve gone too far, according to the map.
- Follow a “Handrail” — This could be a trail, fence, stream or other linear feature that can help keep you oriented.
- Make Use of Collecting Features — These are large, distinguishable features of the terrain that make it easier for you to keep track of where you are at all times.
Another trick you can use to find your way is with sticks and rocks. Simply put a stick in the ground, mark the end of its shadow with a rock, wait for the shadow to move several inches, then mark the end of the shadow with another rock. Lay the stick down next to the two rocks and it will point east and west.
5. Time-Telling Strategies
Who wears a watch anymore? You can easily tell the time by glancing at your smartphone. But what happens when you’re in the middle of nowhere and your battery dies?
Luckily, there are a few ways to estimate the time without relying on fancy technology. During the daytime, the position of the sun can give you particular insight. If the sun is in the center of the sky, it’s approximately noon. If it’s in the eastern half of the sky, it’s morning. If it’s in the western part of the sky, it’s afternoon.
And at night? You can use similar strategies based on the position of the moon, not to mention constellations like the Big Dipper. Sure, you may have to brush up on your astronomy, but it can go a long way in disaster preparedness.
The Bottom Line
Of course, your post-apocalyptic experience before the bridge was probably just a bad dream. Don’t worry, chances are you and your friends will still get to enjoy your summer vacation. But who knows what kinds of local or global disasters could happen in the future?
Even if it’s as simple a catastrophe as losing–or breaking–your cell phone while on the road, familiarizing yourself with old school navigation methods could come in handy someday. And who knows? You may even get your 15 minutes of fame as a hero.
About The Author: Megan Ray Nichols is the editor of Schooled By Science. She enjoys learning about the environment and world around her. She believes that luck is when opportunity meets preparation. When she isn’t writing, Megan enjoys hiking, fishing and stargazing. | <urn:uuid:d146c561-826c-4ac3-a92f-83e4154abcc6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://urbansurvivalsite.com/5-things-need-urban-navigation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00079-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9435 | 1,704 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Promoting equity and inclusion is a priority for our department and is a key component of the University’s Plan for Pitt. The department currently offers a number of fellowship programs to support research and academic careers of both undergraduate students and graduate students. Our department was one of the hosts of the 2020 APS Conference for Undergraduate Women in Physics, which was held in Pittsburgh on January 17-19, 2020.
APS Bridge Program
We are a partner campus in the American Physical Society Bridge Program, which provides opportunities for students from underrepresented groups to join our Ph.D. program with additional mentoring and support.
Women and Minorities in Physics
The Women and Minorities in Physics group at Pitt was formed to create and foster a community that promotes the advancement and success of female and minority physicists by encouraging a supportive and diverse environment. We welcome anyone who is interested in discussing topics related to women and minorities in physics at all levels.
Pitt Physics Pride: Ultra-VioLETS
Ultra-VioLETS (or Visibility of LGBTQ+ Experimentalists, Theorists, and Staff) is an affinity group of the department of Physics and Astronomy dedicated to providing a safe space for LGBTQ+ members of the department and our allies to socialize, have candid discussions, and promote inclusivity.
Resources at Pitt and in Pittsburgh for Black physics students and students from other traditionally-marginalized groups
(Evolving) document compiled by Pitt Physics and Astronomy Graduate students | <urn:uuid:1b0e4f16-6f7e-4371-9305-4fb3ef8b42d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.physicsandastronomy.pitt.edu/about/equity-and-inclusion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.957176 | 303 | 1.5 | 2 |
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