text stringlengths 181 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 3 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 50 138k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
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Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
National Youth Council
The CAP National Youth Council (NYC) consists of provincial and territorial youth representatives from across Canada who are tasked with advocating for the rights, needs and interests of Off-Reserve Indigenous youth at the national level.
The CAP NYC is especially concerned with the socioeconomic factors that affect Off-Reserve Indigenous peoples in Canada. As a result, CAP NYC wanted to explore how Indigenous youth in Canada can get actively engaged in the policy processes that impact their lives, families and communities.
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented Indigenous youth with unique challenges across the country. This website allows CAP to connect youth with resources and information to help them navigate this difficult time, while also maintaining a vital sense of community. | <urn:uuid:ddece6f7-25b8-4f0c-803b-1a48e2ce1995> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.capyouth.ca/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.939986 | 152 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Marshall Stevens (18 April 1852 – 12 August 1936) was an English property developer. His work with Daniel Adamson and others led to the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal36-mile-long (58 km) inland waterway in the North West of England linking Manchester to the Irish Sea., completed in 1894.
A memorial to Stevens’ efforts in developing Trafford ParkFirst planned industrial estate in the world, and still the largest in Europe.First planned industrial estate in the world, and still the largest in Europe., the first world’s industrial estate and still the largest in Europe, stands in Trafford Park Village.
Life and death
Stevens was born on 18 April 1852 in Plymouth, England. He was appointed general manager of the Ship Canal Company in 1891. On 1 January 1897, Stevens resigned from the canal company to become general manager of Trafford Park Estates, a company set up by Ernest Terah HooleyErnest Terah Hooley (5 February 1859 – 11 February 1947) was an English financier who specialised in acquiring companies and then reselling them at inflated prices, making himself substantial profits in the process. to develop Trafford ParkFirst planned industrial estate in the world, and still the largest in Europe.First planned industrial estate in the world, and still the largest in Europe., the ancestral home of the de Trafford family, into what became the first and largest planned industrial estate in the world. He also served as the Conservative Member of Parliament for Eccles from 1918 to 1922.
Stevens died on 12 August 1936 in Devonport, Devon and was buried in St Catherine Church, Barton-upon-Irwell. Shareholders in Trafford Park Estates subscribed to pay for a memorial.
A 22-ton block of Welsh granite with a bronze portrait medallion and inscription was designed and made by Ashton upon Mersey sculptor, Arthur Sherwood Edwards. It was unveiled at the junction of Trafford Park Road and Ashburton Road in October 1937.
In 1993 the memorial was relocated to Wharfside Promenade, with the introduction of a new road layout. As the site became part of Imperial War Museum NorthMuseum in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford in Greater Manchester, England. One of five branches of the Imperial War Museum, it explores the impact of modern conflicts on people and society., the memorial was put into temporary storage when construction work began on the museum. It is now in Trafford Park Village at the junction of Third Avenue and Eleventh Street.
The memorial is inscribed:
To whose foresight, energy and ability
the successful development of Trafford Park
as an industrial area is due. | <urn:uuid:7aa16451-4ceb-4fab-bef0-218096963599> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://engole.info/marshall-stevens/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.957667 | 558 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Majority of U.S. Workers Work for Companies with more than 500 Employees
Big corporations, those with 500 or more workers, employ 51.6% of U.S. workers according to the latest figures (pdf) from the U.S. Census Bureau. That number has gone up since 2004, when 49.1% of Americans worked for large companies.
The numbers for 2012 showed about 60 million Americans work for “large enterprises,” while 20.4 million count on mom-and-pop businesses, or what the Census Bureau calls “very small enterprises,” with 20 or fewer workers. These employees represent 17.6% of the workforce.
“Small enterprises” (20-99 workers) employ 19.4 million people (16.7%) and “medium enterprises” (100-499 workers) employ 16.3 million people (14%).
If you live in Nevada, you’re most likely to work for a big company with 59.2% of Silver State residents doing so. Montana residents are least likely to work for a large corporation; only 32.4% of people there work for a big company.
To Learn More:
Statistics of U.S. Businesses Employment and Payroll Summary: 2012 (by Anthony Caruso, U.S. Census Bureau) (pdf)
Richest Corporations Received Millions of Dollars in Small Business Contracts (by Noel Brinkerhoff, AllGov)
- Top Stories
- Unusual News
- Where is the Money Going?
- U.S. and the World
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- Latest News
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- AARP Lawsuit Claims U.S. Wellness Programs Violate Employee Health Privacy
- Oklahoma’s Third Largest Earthquake Likely Caused by Wastewater Disposal | <urn:uuid:8c1f2182-efd7-48b2-923d-ff5a7b1ad4e9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.allgov.com/news/where-is-the-money-going/majority-of-us-workers-work-for-companies-with-more-than-500-employees-150218?news=855704 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00252-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.883687 | 447 | 2.125 | 2 |
Have you ever had trouble locating something that you previously read in one of your Libronix books? Perhaps it’s that perfect quote for the sermon or paper you’re working on—if only you could find it. If you don’t remember which book it was in, you can always check your history to see which books you’ve used recently. After you find the right book, you could then search or use the find bar to locate what you’re looking for—if you remember an exact word or phrase. But what if you remember only the general idea?
I’ve found that often the quickest way to find something in a situation like this is to use the Next button and select Markup.
I remember reading something in Strong’s Systematic Theology. I don’t recall exactly where it was or the precise wording, but I know I highlighted it. So I open Strong’s, switch the Next selection to Markup, click the button a few times, and I am quickly taken to the exact quote I was looking for. Of course, this works only if you are marking up your books when you read. If you’re not, I’d encourage you to do so, even if only for the benefit of using this cool feature. Keep in mind that if your book has hundreds of markups, you’ll at least need to remember the section or chapter to make this efficient. In my case, the quote I was looking for was in chapter two, so finding it was a breeze.
Another really handy use of the Next Markup feature is to get a quick survey of the parts of the book that stood out to you in your first reading. Try this with a chapter in a book, a large article entry, or a section in a commentary to get a quick recap of the most important points.
Give it a try. I think you’ll find it a convenient feature that will soon become a part of your normal use of Libronix. | <urn:uuid:39e08cb0-d208-45dc-9e21-eec578d965f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://blog.logos.com/2008/03/find_the_next_markup/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951105 | 421 | 1.859375 | 2 |
In recent months, the burgeoning global solar market has faced a wave of setbacks, including an oversupply of modules, low profit margins, reduced government support and competition from cheap shale gas. But amid the litany of bad news, a new report from McKinsey & Company suggests that the future of solar is bright.
Annual solar photovoltaic (PV) installations could increase fifty-fold by 2020 compared with 2005 levels, “achieving installation rates that could rival those of gas, wind, and hydro, and could outpace nuclear,” the report says.
Currently, global installed solar capacity exceeds 65 gigawatts (GW), compared with 4.5 GW in 2005.
The surging demand is expected from five key customer segments around the globe, including: places without access to the electrical grid; residential and commercial retail customers where sun is moderate or plentiful but electricity prices are steep during peak demand periods; areas served by isolated grids largely fueled by diesel generators with high electricity prices; countries building substantial new electric-power infrastructure that may find it economically attractive to have solar power supply the grid during peak usage times; and new, large-scale power plants.
The optimistic forecast comes at a time when the industry has been beset by negative press resulting from a few high-profile bankruptcies of solar firms here and abroad. More such liquidations are expected, the report warns.
The shakeout follows seven years of record growth for solar, partly driven by the entrance into the marketplace of low-cost, large-scale Chinese manufacturers who contributed to a boom in solar modules. Superabundant supply fueled a drop in prices, and also lowered margins for producers. Although demand has not kept pace, several new large-scale technology manufacturers have announced plans to enter the solar supply chain and will continue to broaden global manufacturing capacity in coming years.
“But these are natural growing pains, not death throes,” the report says. “The industry is reaching a period of maturation that is likely to set the conditions for more stable and expansive growth after 2015.”
Aiding that growth will be a continued reduction in costs. The report forecasts the price of solar modules will slide by as much as 40 percent by 2015, and another 30 percent by 2020. That adds to the already precipitous price decline in recent years, from $4 per Watt peak (Wp) in 2008 to under $1 per Wp in January 2012. (The output of a solar generator operating under standard conditions is defined in terms of its peak output, and referred to as “watt peak.”)
Falling prices are expected despite diminishing subsidies, because manufacturing capacity is projected to double over the next three-to-five years and underlying costs to drop ten percent per year.
By 2020, the total global potential of installed solar PV – meaning, the quantity of PV that could be operated at a lower levelized cost of energy compared with competing sources of power — could exceed one terawatt, equal to 1,000 GW — depending on regulatory factors and access to sufficient financing, the report says. The levelized cost of energy refers to an economic assessment of all the costs of an energy-generating system over its lifetime.
Investments in solar could total $1.2 trillion over the next decade, the report adds.
A U.S. Tipping Point?
In the U.S., the amount of “unsubsidized economic potential” for residential and commercial solar –that is, not the amount that will be installed, but the amount that producers could sell at a profit because it is competitive with other options, such as purchasing regular power from the grid – is likely to reach 10 to 12 GW by the end of this year, the report says.
Growth could pass a “tipping point” in 2014 or 2016, which could enable unsubsidized demand for solar to climb as high as 700 GW by 2020, with demand concentrated in 10 states, primarily from the Northeast and the West Coast along with Texas.
“Indeed, 50 percent of the available power delivered to the residential and commercial segments in some of these states may be generated by solar PV in 2020,” the report says.
The projections soar when factoring the effects of assistance from the federal investment tax credit (ITC), which could boost U.S. installed solar capacity to 70 GW by 2013 alone. The ITC is in effect until December 31, 2016.
A May 1 analysis from the Baker Center for Public Policy at the University of Tennessee explains that the federal ITC could play a critical role in making solar a significant source of energy production by nudging the technology beyond the pool of early-adopter industries and into the mainstream.
The analysis credits federal support for solar’s rapid growth thus far, which has averaged 77 percent during the last five years. Annual solar installed capacity nearly doubled from 2009 to 2010 and doubled again in 2011. The long-term annual cumulative growth rate could reach as high as 25 percent, with industry-related jobs totaling up to 430,000 by 2020. Solar has historically produced more jobs per megawatt-hour than any other energy industry, the Baker Center study adds.
The pair of bullish reports on solar’s potential contrast with growing skepticism in a number of state capitols about the value of clean-energy mandates. Some lawmakers are rethinking state supports for solar and other renewable sources given current rock-bottom natural gas prices, made possible by a controversial drilling technique called hydraulic fracturing that has flooded the market with abundant supplies of shale gas.
That debate was on display during a March hearing in Delaware on legislation to freeze the state’s Renewable Portfolio Standard, which requires electricity suppliers in the state to obtain 25 percent of their power from renewable sources by 2025.
“There is nothing that anyone in this room can do to prevent natural gas from bankrupting every solar company that exists,” said Rich Collins of the Positive Growth Alliance, a local nonprofit, testifying before the Delaware House Energy Committee. The bill, which would have frozen the mandate at its current level of 8.5 percent, failed to make it out of committee. Efforts to freeze or repeal clean-energy mandates have also been launched in Colorado, Florida, Maine, New Mexico, North Carolina and Washington State.
Going forward, the McKinsey report cautioned that much of the solar industry’s future growth will hinge on manufacturers’ ability to achieve scale. Competition among manufacturers will intensify, and to capture cost advantages, the report recommends that companies develop proprietary technology and reduce costs throughout every step of their operations. That includes developing specialist solar products, like direct-current water pumps and mobile-charging units, securing reliable local distribution channels and partnering with other organizations to gain access to low-cost financing.
“The rules of the game are changing, and many current players could face significant challenges as the industry restructures. But those who believe the solar industry has run its course may be surprised,” the report says.
— By Rona Cohen | <urn:uuid:2166ea32-01eb-453b-a88a-97e4cb64c9b3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://greenmatters.csgeast.org/2012/05/04/despite-challenges-solar-industry-set-to-shine-report-says/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00237-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955551 | 1,454 | 2.53125 | 3 |
How to Promote Gut Health
If you suffer from digestive issues, learning how to promote the health of your gut is essential. This article will provide tips on how to eat a balanced diet and avoid hidden monosaccharides. Avoid sugar, processed foods, NSAIDs, and other artificial sweeteners. Avoid aspirin-related drugs and eat a wide range of whole foods that are rich in polyphenols. It is essential to keep an ideal digestive tract.
Diversify your diet
One of the most efficient ways to improve the health of your gut microbiome is to diversify your diet. Western diets are characterized by inconsistency due to the high amounts of sugar, fat and processed foods. However, a varied diet will help to increase the growth of beneficial bacteria. To diversify your diet, make sure you are eating whole fruits such as vegetables, nuts whole grains, seeds and legumes. Include these foods in your meals and snacks.
American food is loaded with processed foods, sugar , and dairy products with high fat content. These foods can make it more difficult for our digestive systems to function well, and can lead to toxic by-products. Furthermore, diets high in refined and processed carbohydrates can cause inflammation and decrease in the diversity of the microbiome. Diversifying your diet can help improve digestion and overall health. You can improve your gut health by including more fruits and vegetables into your meals every day.
Beware of monosaccharides that are hidden sources of
You can make dietary changes to minimize monosaccharides that are hidden in your diet, and improve your gut health. Concentrate on eating plenty of fermented vegetables, meat that is not processed as well as fiber-rich fruits and vegetables. Certain foods can cause damage to the beneficial bacteria you have in your gut. You can improve your gut health by avoiding foods that trigger symptoms like sugar and gluten. Probiotic supplements are also an alternative. Probiotic supplements can help build beneficial bacteria in your body. Stress can cause damage to the beneficial bacteria in the gut.
Research suggests that an a balanced diet that is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and fiber can help to regulate the quantity of pro-inflammatory bacteria in the gut. Gut health is also improved through flavonoids. Foods from the cabbage family as well as vegetable broths are excellent sources of flavonoids. These are essential to help support healthy gut bacteria. Drink plenty of water, avoid alcohol and limit intake of processed foods.
Eat foods rich in polyphenols
Polyphenols are an antioxidant that can be found in a vast range of plants. They protect the body against disease and provide beneficial effects for the microbiome. Polyphenols are particularly high in colorful vegetables and fruits. People who have a lower risk of certain diseases tend to eat a diet that is rich in vegetables and fruits. Try to include more organic foods in your diet like vegetables and fruits. Also, stay away from foods that have been processed or have added chemicals.
Flavonoids are the biggest class of polyphenols. They include the well-known quercetin anthocyanin, anthocyanin, and hesperetin. Both green and black teas are loaded with polyphenols. Certain of these compounds possess anti-cancer properties. Here are some suggestions to help you get enough polyphenols into your diet.
While NSAIDs are often used to relieve pain, they may have adverse effects on the gut. Inflammation may cause ulcers, bleeding, or other symptoms. They can be a contributing factor to long-term issues in the gut, such as leaky gut syndrome, IBS, and Crohn’s disease. To promote gut health and prevent side effects, it is best to stay clear of NSAIDs.
While antibiotics are an effective treatment for serious bacterial infections they are often misused and used too often. This is why antibiotics should only be taken only when prescribed by your doctor and should not be used for self-resolving bacterial infections. Antibiotics as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) interfere with the normal balance of bacterial activity in the gut. It is essential to stay clear of NSAIDs in order to improve gut health.
Drink fermentable fiber
Fiber is a fantastic way to improve your health. It’s simple to do and there are plenty of fiber sources to choose from, such as vegetables, fruits whole grains, whole grains, and VINA sodas. All of these food items contribute to the gut microbiome being healthy. Fiber is crucial for maintaining healthy cholesterol levels and for lowering blood pressure.
Recent advances in microbiome research have led to an increase in the number of probiotic and prebiotic ingredients that can boost gut health. The research continues to show that fermentation of prebiotics can improve the immune system as well as increase blood cholesterol levels. While the precise role of these products remains to be determined There are numerous benefits. One study showed that fermentable fibers can help improve the control of glycemic levels. Other studies did not show any benefit.
In a recent study, researchers from the University of New Mexico found that regular exercise is beneficial to the health of the gut. Exercise boosts the growth of healthy bacteria, which is crucial for our overall health. This will, in turn, enhance our moods and mental health. It also plays a crucial role in neurogenesis. It helps in the development of new neural connections in the brain. You should choose a type of exercise that improves gut health.
The effects of exercise on gut microbiome were observed in a study that was conducted on two previously inactive people and women for six months. Particularly, both groups displayed improvements in the composition of the gut microbiome and also higher levels of metabolites that are physiologically relevant. Both aerobic exercise at high intensity and voluntary wheel running resulted in an increase in the number bacteria living in the gut. However, while these results appear promising, they need to be confirmed by further studies. | <urn:uuid:6aa95eef-e901-4e68-8d6f-d14c8b513c60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thinktwicepakistan.com/terra-gut-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.949219 | 1,225 | 2.5 | 2 |
Functions of Car Tracker
With how sophisticated technology has become, vehicle tracking systemis no longer something uncommon. The newest technology usually uses GPS or GLONASS though there are other technologies as well.
Admittedly there are many functions for gps car tracker. For personal use, you can use this kind of technology to prevent your car from getting stolen. In the case that it gets stolen, you can simply turn on the tracking unit in your car and it will transmit signals that can be followed. Usually, this kind of technology also used by fleet operators be it to track their vehicles, route them, dispatch them or for security purpose. It can also be used to help them to make sure that they are on time. Companies also use this kind of technology. Usually they use it to track their valuable asset. After all, they will want to make sure that their asset is in good hand. Companies that offer services such as maintenance or repair can use this kind of technology to make sure that their employees are on schedule.
There is no doubt that gps car tracker is very important. But having your own GPS plus units of radio triangulation can be really costly. Not to mention that you also need to consider the price you have to pay for said installation which can also be quite expensive. Then there are the monthly fees that you have to pay to whichever service you trust. Fortunately, there is an alternative you can do to have a GPS on your car without having to spend too much money. All you need to have is a phone that is already equipped with GPS that you no longer use. You can simply rig your phone to be your car tracking system. If you are looking for how to do that, you can always look on the internet. | <urn:uuid:c4930958-bb63-4c47-8b7d-a839c9abea83> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://gpscartracker.webnode.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00087-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977055 | 354 | 2 | 2 |
CREATING SAFER ENVIRONMENTS FOR CHILDREN
Welcome to the Commit to Kids website! If you’re an organization that works with children, then this program is for you.
The first step is to ask yourself what your organization does to ensure your environment is a safe one for kids.
- Do you have a child protection code of conduct that outlines the expectations between adults and children?
- Do you have a screening and hiring process for staff and volunteers that goes beyond criminal record and child abuse registry checks?
- What is your organization’s policy for reporting inappropriate staff behaviour?
We know you’re committed to providing safe and nurturing environments, but because you work with children, you are vulnerable to attracting employees/volunteers who want to access and sexually abuse kids. Organizations typically do criminal record and child abuse registry checks, but considering the vast majority of sex offenders DO NOT have a criminal record, it is clear that organizations have to do far more than rely on these checks.
REALITY CHECK. If you haven’t viewed it already, please click here to view our 30-second PSA.
HELP MAKE YOUR ORGANIZATION KID-SAFE. Please click here to download a free copy of the Commit to Kids program overview guide to learn more about this important program.
DEMONSTRATE YOUR COMMITMENT TO KIDS – | <urn:uuid:d1dbc5c9-2efc-4077-b728-725b5bd72952> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://commit2kids.ca/app/en/be_committed_to_kids | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00544-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919104 | 291 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Use Score Footnotes to add comments to specific scores within the gradebook. As opposed to memos that apply to the entire class or a test, in general, Score Footnotes lets you comment on a specific student’s performance on a specific test.
The first step in using Score Footnotes is to define the symbols and their meanings. When defining your footnote codes, you can choose from every letter of the alphabet and numbers zero through nine.
- Click Grading > Set Score Footnotes.
- Select a footnote symbol (h, 3, etc.) from the Code pull-down list.
- Enter the footnote’s description (e.g., Extra Credit Given) in the Meaning field.
- Click the Change button to save the footnote symbol.
- Repeat steps 2-4 to add more footnotes, and then click OK when finished
Once the footnotes are defined, you can apply them to student scores within the gradebook itself. These symbols are a quick indicator that you attached a special comment to Student A’s score on Test B. Footnotes can only be applied to test scores, not sub-totals or term grades.
- Right-click the student score to which you want to add a score footnote.
- The score footnotes appear in a pop-up menu of options. Click the footnote you want to add to this score.
- The score footnote appears below, and to the right, of the student’s score.
Use the following steps to print Score Footnotes and the key on reports.
- Select a report from the Reports menu.
- Click Tests > Score Info
- Click Options and check the boxes for Print Score Flags. You can also check Print Score Flags Key, if you wish.
- When you run the report, a column displays any Score Footnotes in the gradebook. | <urn:uuid:23f90e80-8525-4ad0-a546-062e3b45cb71> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en-us.help.blackboard.com/Edline/Gradebooks/010_GradeQuick_Web/060_Scores/060_Score_Footnotes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00248-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.779603 | 385 | 3.203125 | 3 |
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Obesity was once known to be a personal problem to individuals across the nation At a very rapid pace obesity has become one of the most talked about social problems in America There are many different theories and questions as to why obesity has grown to be the social problem we talk about on a daily basis Obesity became a visible social issue when medical research national health organizations and medical professionals tied obesity to many health conditions such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease and found obesity to be the second leading cause of unnecessary deaths Health Effects Our society is sadly made up of a stratification system simply meaning we are split into groups that are unequal with regard to valued resources such as wealth power and prestige Lauer Although it may often not be perceived as fair people are judged by their appearances on a daily basis in our society Without the realization the link between society issues and obesity begins at a young age Obese children are more likely to be bullied which causes a disturbed self - image In other words these bullied children will grow to have poor self esteem throughout their lives Living a happy life is nearly impossible when you are an individual with a disturbed self-image which may also lead to a life that is not as successful as one may wish Therefore people with high self esteem and courage are more apt to make positive lifestyle changes that will result in a more successful life on the other hand when one has a disturbed self image mind set this is unlikely to happenIn class we have been speaking about social mobility and how one most likely do not move or fall out of social class their parents have provided for them Is there a similar correlation when it comes to obesity Children of obese
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- Jen Soust, alumni @ UCLA | <urn:uuid:0f064f5e-37a5-4837-b42f-773968bfe15f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/obesity-and-its-impacts-NxLFnTHt | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00189-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972699 | 435 | 2.25 | 2 |
Forward-looking initiatives can only be successfully implemented with the new generation. This is how students from both countries form
the basis of the project. The innovative, wood industrial camps were organized in Sorponer Ligneum. The first camp focused on furniture industrial innovation and the second on wood construction solutions. A total of around 200 participants took part in the two camps.
The expectation in the innovation camp was the elaboration of a product in the furniture industry. It presented a new and unexpected challenge to the student. You should plan such innovative devices, wooden construction articles within a few days of the workshop, which can be mass-produced on the one hand with the technical background of domestic small and medium-sized enterprises and on the other hand can be marketed through both conventional and new channels. So the goal was product planning, which was based on customer requirements, market demand and research trends, and not the planning of furniture concepts for test furniture or exhibits. The difficulty was in the planning and idea-gathering process, how innovation can be brought into line with manufacturing maturity and with customer requirements. The students, whose plan has started, have had the greatest success and have benefited the most. Thanks to the furniture prototypes that were produced with the guidance of the students and presented at exhibitions, the students received a lot of feedback and gained experience. The manufacturers were also active participants in the process. In order to be able to make the necessary compromises, they also had to find out creative ideas and new solutions, which also improved their ability to innovate.
The event, which took place between September 17 and 21, 2018, offered talented students the opportunity to express their ideas in an inspiring way
Demonstrate community beyond the scope of a compulsory homework assignment. At the 5-day camp, the participants have the subject of their choice (e.g. wooden construction solutions for festivals, jetty, wooden construction in wooded areas, wooden lookout tower, etc.)
Help processed and plans made according to your ideas. The events took place in the Ligneum Visitor Center of Sopron University. The creative work was done in groups of 3-4 people with interpolation of professional presentations. The students and the Hungarian small and medium-sized enterprises have the same opinion about the teaching of the camp. They claim that design and product innovation are not the same as manufacturing preparation. Product innovation is not a closed process that lasts from the idea through the prototypes to production. Product innovation is more of a culture, a behavior, a perspective. The product is never finished, never perfect, never final. It can always be further developed within the meaningfulness, economy and social usefulness. | <urn:uuid:72123ee2-d312-4fa2-b0e3-5317b81bae33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.interreg-athu.eu/en/innowood/project-achievements/innovation-camp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.974096 | 551 | 1.820313 | 2 |
conceptual knowledge develops in the human brain during decision making, the hippocampus (along with ventromedial prefrontal cortex), an area well known for its importance in spatial navigation and long term memory, seem to play an important role with decision making about future conditions. The importance of the hippocampus was a bit of a surprise. On other studies of conceptual learning, individual differences in patterns of brain activation were noted for conceptual decision making tasks, but the differences were more commonly related to right and left prefrontal areas, and not the hippocampus.
The reason we found this interesting, is because not uncommonly we see very different conceptual thinking and memory styles among the students. A common pattern among our gifted dyslexic students who are strong spatial thinkers (high spatial reasoning, love to build, hands-on learners) is their preference for autobiographical / personal memory. They have vivid memories for personal experiences, but may need many repetitions for dry information that is master by rote repetition. From Maguire and colleagues: "our findings (with the hippocampus and vMPFC)...offer a fresh perspective on the intriguing question of why these brain regions are engaged during such a diverse range of tasks (e.g. spatial navigation, imagination, autobiographical memory, self-projection, fear extinction)." Hippocampal involvement may also account for why associational strategies for learning such as mnemonics seem to be such a valuable approach for rote learning among these students.
Perhaps other group (the not-strong spatial thinkers, for want of a better term) are more likely to use the more conventional left prefrontal pathway - when they recall information or make predictions, it is less rooted in personal or autobiographical memory, but more abstracted like algorithms or rules. It's this pathway that may be more optimized for quick processing and retrieval, whereas the former, could be best for decision-making under uncertainty and be richer by its wider associations. | <urn:uuid:fb5d2a95-82a6-4e0e-9a8b-ee5c5bab2003> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://eideneurolearningblog.blogspot.com/2010/06/different-ways-we-think-conceptual.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00494-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946005 | 388 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Residents frustrated with slow internet speeds in Old Snowmass showed up to a Pitkin County Commissioner’s meeting Wednesday.
Katie Murch is co-director at the Aspen Camp of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Old Snowmass. Through an interpreter, she told commissioners slow internet makes the organization look unprofessional. An online service that video streams her signing barely works.
Intepreter Kyle Larson: "Because of the internet service it’s blurry, it freezes. A one minute conversation can take ten minutes because of the internet service and it looks bad."
Elise Wright also lives in Old Snowmass. She’s taking college courses online.
"I have had incredible difficulty uploading these assignments," she says. "I have to turn these things in via the internet and that has proven extremely challenging, to the extent that I have a failing grade in one of my classes."
State law and a lack of money is holding Pitkin County back from becoming an internet service provider. Instead, the county wants a public-private partnership. They’re examining ideas like offering subsidies to private internet carriers. Providing broadband internet service in rural, unpopulated areas is not a money-maker for private companies. Jon Peacock is County Manager.
"What we’re trying to do is see if there’s a role we can play so that those companies that do provide internet and cellular service can provide them to the rural areas in an affordable and effective way," he says. "We’re still learning how to do that."
The County’s launching a survey Tuesday, asking residents in rural places like Marble, Old Snowmass and the Frying Pan, what their internet needs are.
But, those in Old Snowmass say the government process is taking too long. One resident says he’ll try and get the infrastructure to improve internet service without the county. | <urn:uuid:a9e544a8-2830-4f29-880b-e6f4cb2ca461> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://aspenpublicradio.org/post/rural-residents-say-unreliable-internet-impacting-business-academics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00163-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944906 | 394 | 2 | 2 |
Internal migration in the Sudan : some demographic and socio-economic aspects
The outstanding characteristics of the population geography of the Sudan are seen in its vastness of the area, its low population density, its high population fertility, decreasing mortality rates and uneven distribution of developmental projects among its regions. All these have important effects upon the economic and de mographic characteristics of its population. They also underline the uneven distribution of the country's population, as a result of which large-scale migration movements occur. Three types of population movements in the Sudan are discussed; inter-provincial movements, rural-urban migration and seasonal migration for cotton picking in the Gezira scheme. In the discussion of the first type, the analysis covers issues related to the general levels of movements amongst the 18 provinces of the country, rates of in- and out-migration in each province and their net migration balances. Also, it discusses the spatial structure of the movement, and some gaining and losing provinces are singled out. The impacts of the movements and their selective nature are also revealed. Rural-urban migration to the capital city of Khartoum is studied using the 1983 census data, other published data and the author's 1988/89 survey of migrant households in the city. The scale of the migration and the characteristics of the migrants are analyzed. Additionally, the structure of the migrant households, literacy, occupation contrasts and links with the village are investigated. The reasons behind the migration decision and the reward of the rural-urban migration are also shown. Seasonal migration is discussed to disclose the nature of the movement and its patterns which are associated with the cotton picking operation in the Gezira scheme. The types of labour involved and labour market conditions are also investigated. The findings verified the seasonality of the movement to the scheme and the consistent relationship between migrants and tenants in the scheme. | <urn:uuid:5191f055-8e69-4cd5-866b-3b0e4ed9a3f9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315363 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00136-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947237 | 372 | 2.90625 | 3 |
The upper chamber of France’s parliament has passed a law requiring all of the nation’s “collective restaurants” (school cafeterias, hospital cafeterias, senior living communities, prisons and other state institutions) to source at least 40 percent of their food locally. The proposal will need to be approved by the French Senate before it becomes law.
In addition to being locally sourced, the food served must be in season, organically grown and certified ecologically sustainable. While the law does not have a set definition of “local”, different recommendations will be given depending on the product and the geographical area. Currently, those recommendations are estimated to be about a 30-kilometer radius (around 19 miles) for fruit and vegetables and a 100-kilometer radius (about 63 miles) for foods that need processing before consumption (i.e. meat, grains). Some cities, such as St. Etienne in central eastern France, are already serving 100 percent organic food in their institutions.
The ultimate goal of the law, according to the text, is to restructure the food system in France, stimulate local economies, and shorten the food supply chain to a minimum (meaning either the produce goes directly to the consumer from the farm or there are minimal intermediary processing steps before consumption). The law, if passed, will be implemented by regional agricultural ministers, who will help administrative staff in affected establishments adjust to the sourcing changes. The government has already begun sensitization campaigns to help institutions re-organize administratively and connect with local farmers and producers.
Currently, about 25 percent of emissions in France are attributed to the agriculture sector, and the implementation of this law is estimated to reduce overall French emissions by about 12 percent. Successful implementation would also mean that French farmers are ensured a market for ecologically responsible and organic products and that state facilities can serve healthy, traditional, and local food to citizens. Additionally, corporations in France will be required to address these sourcing issues in their corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies. While these CSRs aren’t legally binding, the revised policies will encourage a reduction in food miles, food waste, and product packaging.
According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), obesity rates in France have been increasing steadily over the past few years, with men in lower socio-economic around one and a half times more likely to be obese. Women with lower education levels are around three times more likely to be obese. This law not only has great potential to raise awareness about the environmental impacts of food systems but could also help revitalize depressed rural economies and make healthy food more accessible to all citizens. | <urn:uuid:a22da8f6-c594-481e-b0ab-1dcbb44b6159> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://foodtank.com/news/2016/01/new-law-could-change-frances-food-system-for-the-better/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00172-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947125 | 544 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Question;Questions;T/F: Each contract should cover a singular promise and if multiple promises are involved, multiple contracts should be created;T/F: Boris sky dives out of a plane and gets hung up in a tree, hopelessly suspended and swinging precariously in his parachute from the branches of the tree. Natasha sees that be is in trouble and comes to his rescue. Once Boris is safely on the ground, he gratefully promises to give Natasha half of his life savings account. When he changes his mind, Natasha will probably be unsuccessful in enforcing his promise;T/F: Most oral agreements will be enforceable as contracts by courts;T/F: An option contract has to do with a contract that gives one of the parties a choice of consideration to accept;T/F: Duress must be based on a physical threat and not an economic one;T/F: An option contract refers to the choices that one has when entering into a contract;T/F: Larry has had a few beers and is starting to get a bit drunk. He isn't acting strange and he's conducting conversations with others slurring only an occasional word or two. Larry, should he enter into a contract in this state would be considered mentally incompetent and his contract would be void;T/F: Generally, mutual mistakes will often lead to the court allowing an avoidance of a contract, however, a unilateral mistake is not usually grounds to cancel a contract;T/F: Amanda, a recent university graduate, needed a car to get to her new job. To help Amanda secure a loan for the car, Ted, a friend, agreed to pay the loan should Amanda default. Ted's promise is enforceable as long as he goes to the bank, declares his promise to guarantee Amanda's loan in front of witnesses and shakes hands on the deal giving his word;T/F: Contractual consideration is defined as the thought process a party uses to decide whether or not to accept the offer and enter into a contract;T/F: The legal detriments exchanged by the parties must be equal, or reasonably close to equal, for consideration to be valid;Helen's cat Fluffy has run away and she places reward posters throughout her neighborhood. Mark sees the reward poster and spends the next six hours searching for Fluffy. While Mark is searching the neighborhood, Fluffy gets hungry and comes home, what type of contract is this and what is Mark entitled to for his work?;Where a promise can only be accepted by the performance of the person to whom it is offered is an example of what type of contract?;If the offer specifies no time limit in which to accept how much time does the offeree have to accept?;Josh is negotiating the sale of his car with Jonathan. Jonathan asks if the car has ever been in an accident and Josh replies, "No, it has never been in an accident." In fact, the car was nearly totaled the year before when Sheila, Josh's girlfriend, driving Josh's car, hit a wet spot and skidded into a pole. She had it repaired without telling him about the accident. Josh has committed what?;Brandi orally tells landscaper Mike "If you trim my bush I'll pay you $50.00." Mike trims her bush. What type of contract was this?;Bud calls Lou and says, "I'll sell you my car for a thousand bucks, interested?" Lou says, "I'll look it up on the Internet. If the Blue Book price is close, I'll pay you $1000 in the morning." At sunrise Lou shows up with $1000.00, What is Bud required to do according to the laws of contracts?;What type of contract is formed to remedy unjust enrichment?;Mike is walking through a parking lot and finds Kathy lying unconscious. He puts her in his car and takes her to the hospital. The hospital saves her life and when she becomes conscious they present her with a bill, Kathy will be required to pay based on what type of contract?;With regard to the court, adequacy of consideration means?;Dick has made a statement that the average person would realize is puffery. Dick is guilty of?;In Leonard v. Pepsico, the court ruled against Leonard and refused to enforce the purchase of a Harrier Jet because?;Abel sends Baker a letter: "I offer to perform consulting services for six months at $100/month." Baker signs "I agree." This contract fits into which category?;A contract in which one party may either disaffirm or enforce a contract is?;Helsel goes to see a physician concerning a particularly harsh flu. The doctor examines him prescribes medication, and gives him a bill for medical services. This agreement falls into which category of contracts?;The owner of an office building hires an architect to produce renovation plans for a $5,000 fee. The owner retains the plans once the fee is paid. What source of law governs this contract?;Digital signatures are recognized under state statutes that have passed what act?;Hyde hires an arsonist to set a warehouse on fire for $1,000. This agreement is legally?;Holmes Hats agrees to sell 100 top hats to a formal wear store and deliver them no later than April. This agreement falls into what category of contracts?;The owner of a warehouse contracts with Satellite Services for the purchase and installation of satellite dishes at the warehouse. the contract allocated $8,000 for the satellite and $2,000 for installation. Which source of law governs this contract?;When two parties agree to use an electronic-commerce method for a transaction, what sets out procedural guidelines that recognize electronic records and signatures under the law?;A contract that meets all of the statutory requirements to form a contract but is subject to a legal defense is what kind of an agreement?;Cardozo Candies agrees to sell 100 boxes of chocolate to a retail store and deliver them in one week. This agreement falls into what category of contracts?;What actions by parties are events of termination of an offer?;What events of termination of an offer via operation of law?;T/F: When a party successfully sues for an equitable remedy for a breach of contract, they do not receive a monetary award;T/F: When an accord and satisfaction is agreed to, the original obligation subject to the accord is immediately discharged;T/F: Nominal damages are rarely awarded in contract cases;T/F: Craig is a licensed plumber and has a contract to install a replacement toilet for Mary. When Craig realizes that he has booked two appointments simultaneously, he calls Brian, another licensed plumber and asks him to install Mary's toilet. Craig has assigned his duties to Brian;T/F: A party to a contract may be discharged from performance due to operation of law if the other party unilaterally alters the contract;T/F: Restitution is classified as an equitable remedy;T/F: When an assignment is made, the assignee has the right to reform the contract and change the obligor's rights and duties as they wish;T/F: Impossibility of performance is subjective meaning that one of the parties may unilaterally decide that performance is impossible, thus discharging the contract;T/F: Specific performance is almost always available when a real estate contract is involved;T/F: Beth has a contract with Annie in which Annie is to deliver 1000 hand decorated beverage holders in 60 days. When Beth calls the Psychic Hotline for her weekly reading, the psychic informs her that she has entered into a contract and the other party will not perform all the conditions and specifications as per the agreement. Beth may sue for an anticipatory repudiation;T/F: Mel is under contract with a textbook publisher to write a teachers manual to accompany a new textbook. The contract states that the instructor's manual is to be completed by August 1. On July 1, the publisher calls Mel and asks for an update. Mel states that he's working hard and making progress. He then states that the August 1 deadline is "doable but it's going to be tough". Based on Mel's statement the textbook publisher may claim an anticipatory repudiation and find another author to complete the project;T/F: A rescission of a contract may occur when either party chooses to end the agreement;T/F: Burt has contracted with Mel to put a concrete driveway on Mel's property. If Burt delegates the duty of laying the driveway to Chuck, and Chuck does an unacceptable job, Mel may sue Burt for damages;T/F: Lance is an avid bicyclist and sends in a $150 fee to participate in an across the state ride in the Midwest. A week before the ride, he breaks his leg. Unless the contract specifically provides for no refunds under any conditions, he will be able to receive a refund based on impossibility;T/F: Generally, courts do enforce a strict compliance standard for contact conditions;T/F: Anticipatory repudiation may be used when a party has knowledge that either a complete or a partial breach will occur by the other party;T/F: Incidental beneficiaries are known about when the contract is entered into;List three ways of discharge by mutual consent;You have booked a hotel room for conference at a rate of $100 per day for five days. When you arrive to check in you are told that the hotel is full and that they overbooked and cannot supply you with a room. You are forced to go to the only hotel in town with available rooms and pay $150 per night. If you sue for damages you entitled to what amount?;Max has contracted with Lew to have his house painted. The contract specifically stated that the job was to be completed by 8/25. Lew completes the job on 8/26. Max has suffered no loss due to the delay. The job was otherwise done exactly to all contract requirements and specifications. If Max sues Lew for breach of contract due to the missed completion date, were the courts to award damages, what type of damages would most likely be awarded?;In a delegation situation, the nondelegating party is called the?;Lon has just come home from serving in the Marines and contracts with a local car dealership to purchase a car. The car must be ordered and payment is to be made when the car arrives. The next day, Lon receives orders to return to active duty. Realizing that he doesn't need the car, he brings Tony to the dealership and asks that Tony substitute for him. Lon will take delivery and ownership of the car and Lon will pay the dealership upon delivery. The dealership agrees to have Tony substitute for Lon. What has occurred?;Punishment damages are called;Fred's Flooring (FF) contracts with Harry homeowner to install wood flooring throughout Harry's home. Harry was to purchase the flooring and the contract was solely for installation. Payment was to be 20% at the time that the work commenced and 80% once the flooring was installed. Harry purchased the flooring materials and paid the 20%, so FF began work. When FF was half way completed, Harry realized that he didn't have the money to pay FF upon completion so he bolted the doors and refused access. If FF wants to rescind the contract and be paid for work completed, FF would sue for;When one party fails to perform under an agreement, the failing party has what the contract?;Anticipatory repudiation can occur in which of the following ways?;Coopers agrees to prepare and file an income tax return for young for $500. Coopers fails to file the return on time. Which of the following types of breaches describes this senario?;Which remedy covers foreseeable indirect losses suffered by the nonbreaching party?;Rockefeller hires Pablo to paint his portrait due to Pablo's reputation as an excellent painter. Pablo breaches the agreement. Which of the following is Rockefeller's probable remedy?;What are two forms of equitable relief;Which remedy covers losses of actual damages suffered by the nonbreaching party?;Louis agrees to sell Stevens a rare coin collection for $10,000. When Stevens shows up with the money, Louis changes his mind and refuses to sell it to him. Which of the following is Stevens' probable remedy?;When the parties in a contract perform the obligations in good faith and complete the contract, the parties are said to have what the contract?;In cases where the parties agree to a contract and pursue good faith performance but one party cannot give perfect performance, the law still recognizes the party's right to discharge the contract through?;Name three ways a party may discharge their obligation for a contract?;Kitchen Clean contracts to provide services for Chef Rave's restaurants at a rate of $1,000 per month to begin on January 2. On February 2, Chef Rave is unhappy with the work. He sends a check for $500 along with a letter notifying Kitchen Clean that he is unhappy, canceling the contract and only willing to pay half-price. Kitchen Clean receives the letter, deposits the check, and sues Chef Rave for the balance owed. What event of discharge occurred in the Chef Rave v Kitchen Clean case?;Name three methods of discharging a contract through operation of law?;The doctrine of what allows one party to discharge the contract through less-than-perfect performance;Name three ways you can discharge a contract;Kitchen Clean contracts to provide services for Chef Rave's restaurants at a rate of $1,000 per month to begin next month. In the interim, Chef Rave hears of a cheaper cleaning service, and Kitchen Clean hears to Chef Rave's bad temper and slow payment habits. The parties mutually agree to cancel the contract before it begins. The parties have discharged their contract via what method?;Name three methods of discharging a contract through operation of law;Pilgrim Industries scheduled its annual sales meeting at Celestial City Resort from Jan. 5 to 10. In addition to meeting and hotel rooms, the resort was to provide an ice-skating pond for Pilgrim's annual employee hockey game. Two months before the meeting, the resort is hit with a devastating fire, and no hotel or meeting rooms are available. the Pilgrim-Celestial contract is discharged via the doctrine of;In cases where the parties have agreed to a certain service at a certain price, but one party finds that he or she cannot provide perfect performance, the law recognizes what as an event of discharge, so long as the party acted in good faith and that any deviation from the contract did not materially alter the contract;What is the most common way in which parties discharge a contract?;Kitchen Clean contracts to provide services for Chef Rave's restaurants at a rate of $1,000 per month to begin next month. After the first cleaning, Kitchen Clean complains that the conditions of the exhaust hoods were worse than either party knew. The parties agree to a new agreement for $1,500 per month during months when the hoods required cleaning and $1,000 for all other months. The parties have discharged their original contract via what method?;Pilgrim Industries scheduled its annual sales meeting at Celestial City Resort from Jan. 5 to 10. In addition to meeting and hotel rooms, the resort was to provide an ice-skating pond for the Pilgrim's annual employee hockey game. In the weeks before the meeting, the resort is hit with its worst heat wave on record. Although hotel and meeting rooms are available, there is not possibility of ice skating at the site. If a court finds that one of Pilgrim's principal purposes in the agreement was the inclusion of an ice-skating pond, the Pilgrim-Celestial contract could be discharged via the doctrine of?;T/F: Shovels R Us sends a purchase order to Acme Snow Shovel, Inc. for 500 shovels to be delivered by September 30, 2010, in time for the winter season. Acme returns an acknowledgment form indicating that the shovels would be delivered on March 1, 2011. The acknowledgement letter forms a valid contract;T/F: Just as in the common law, the UCC recognizes the concept of anticipatory repudiation allowing a breach to be declared prior to performance being due;T/F: UCC risk of loss provisions will govern the terms of a contract even if the parties have specified risk allocation in the contract;T/F: The 2003 revisions to the UCC have only been adopted by about half of the states;T/F: If the seller ships conforming goods, the buyer has a duty to accept them and may not reject the goods;T/F: Wrongfully revoking an acceptance will constitute a breach of contract by the buyer;T/F: If a party has been delivered nonconforming goods and has rejected them, if they are forced to cover in order to maintain business operations, they may sue the seller for the difference in price plus consequential damages;T/F: If a buyer knowingly accepts nonconforming goods, they may still sue the seller for monetary damages based on the nonconformity;T/F: The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods does not recognize a formal writing requirement similar to the UCC statute of frauds requirement;T/F: The UCC permits a contract to be considered formed entirely by the parties' conduct even if no definite time of formation can be determined;T/F: The mirror image rule is not enforced under UCC standards;T/F: On February 1st, Frank's Fedora Manufacturers sends an offer to Metropolitan Outfitters by letter with all price, quality, quantity and delivery terms clearly stated, indicating that the offer will remain open until October 1st. On September 1st Metropolitan sends an acceptance of the offer to Frank's with no material alterations to any of the stated terms in the offer. The acceptance makes the contract valid and enforceable;In a shipping contract, the risk of loss passes to the buyer when what happens?;In the absence of a specific contract provision regarding the details of payment the UCC provides that;In Merchants Acceptance, Inc. v. Jamison, Jamison ordered encyclopedias and the contract specified that delivery was to be made to Jamison's home. Instead the encyclopedias were delivered to her post office box and she never received them. She refuses to pay for them and is sued;In a destination contract, risk of loss passes to the buyer when?;Contracts for the sale of goods are governed by Article what of the Uniform Commerce Code;The underlying policy of the Uniform Commerce Code is to promote the what of a business transaction?;What is an irrevocable offer under the Uniform Commerce Code?
Paper#59408 | Written in 18-Jul-2015Price : $52 | <urn:uuid:1d6fe279-fca1-4aed-a5de-4b1e8f702772> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://studentsmerit.com/paper-detail/?paper_id=59408 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00262-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964048 | 3,857 | 2.3125 | 2 |
- Why I am starting this project?
- Problem Domain
- Why Text classification is interesting?
- Previous work: Vaaku2Vec
- What's the plan for the project?
I have been doing the fastai course since 2018. Yet I have been taking it seriously probably, only after I bought the book Deep Learning for Coders with FastAI & Pytorch almost one year back. This year I took the fastai v5 course, and I feel it's time to follow a piece of advice which I have heard multiple times.
According to huggingface tasks page:
Text Classification is the task of assigning a label or class to a given text. Some use cases are sentiment analysis, natural language inference, and assessing grammatical correctness.
Malayalam is a highly inflectional and agglutinative language compared to other languages. The quantitative complexity of Malayalam classification was explained in this paper. The computer still doesn't seem to have understood the basic behaviour of the language to do text classification. Malayalam is a language which morphologically complex making it even more difficult. Very few people seem to have applied techniques in deep learning in Malayalam, and it seems to be a good place to see if really deep learning techniques can be applied in my mother tongue, Malayalam. A lot of progress in other languages has happened and in general NLP, yet it's a good time to see if it works in Indic languages like Malayalam.
I believe working on tasks like
Text classification is way more difficult when we are working in low-resource languages like Malayalam. Yet when working on problems like this, you realize what are things you take for granted in the English language.
In the English language, there are plenty of labelled datasets on any problem set you to want. A lot of articles and blogs have been written on how to apply various NLP techniques in English. When it comes to Malayalam, there is just a handful of people who have tried and applied this in Malayalam.
Note to myself:Will is more important than Skill and it's important to be tenacious here. I believe this is here, it's very important to believe in one's tenacity and try out new things in a field where very less research happening, and there are no proper open datasets for researchers to work on. This is why I feel this project can be challenging, and my approach is to see if the latest transformer approaches can do something or not.
The most important work in Malayalam text classification as far as I know is Vaaku2Vec project - State-of-the-Art Language Modeling and Text Classification in the Malayalam Language.
According to their Github README:
We trained a Malayalam language model on the Wikipedia article dump from Oct, 2018. The Wikipedia dump had 55k+ articles. The difficulty in training a Malayalam language model is text tokenization since Malayalam is a highly inflectional and agglutinative language. In the current model, we are using an nltk tokenizer (will try better alternative in the future) and the vocab size is 30k. The language model was used to train a classifier which classifies a news into 5 categories (India, Kerala, Sports, Business, Entertainment). Our classifier came out with a whooping 92% accuracy in the classification task.
It was revolutionary at that time, to see deep learning techniques applied to get SOTA in Malayalam. IndicNLP as an organisation did a lot of work, from working on projects like Word2vec, Vaakk2vec etc. They worked on creating a Named entity recognition dataset for Malayalam etc. They conducted Devsprints in colleges like Model Engineering college... and presented their work in Pycon India and Kochi Python. Most of the work was done by Adam Shamsudeen and Kamal K Raj.
I have created a few issues and my next blog post will be on creating a baseline model on a private dataset that a few kind folks shared with me. I expect the dataset creation to be an iterative task. I am looking forward to blogging about what I work on and stumble upon in each stage of the project.
When I was looking for where I wanted to create this as an open-source project obviously, I choose Swathanthra Malayalam Community because:
- I feel SMC as an organization played a pivotal part in revolutionizing Malayalam computing and has a strong community presence. They have made a lot of work by creating fonts, helping in internationalization efforts, ...
- People like Santhosh Thottingal and Kavya Manohar have helped me a lot in my previous failed attempt to build TTS with deep learning in Malayalam.
- Some of the open-source projects made by SMC still survive like the website of Malayalam Speech Corpus which is impressive to me.
I would like to thank the following people for all the support and motivation they have given me in starting this open-source project on this occasion: | <urn:uuid:a5339fa5-bd53-4928-84a4-96bf8679742a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kurianbenoy.com/ml-blog/malayalamtextmodels/malayalam/nlp/opensource/ml/deep%20learning/smc/2022/05/30/malayalamtext-0.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.960526 | 1,057 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Symphonies Vol. 6
Symphonies Vol. 6
This CD is released by the Danish National Chamber Orchestra on its own record label DRS, distributed by Dacapo. This is the second SACD in the acclaimed new series of the complete symphonies by W.A.Mozart in the hands of the Danish National Chamber Orchestra and their renowned Austro-Hungarian chief conductor Adam Fischer. On this volume you can enjoy the symphonies nos. 19, 20 and 21 written in the summer of 1772, as well as Symphony no. 26 from 1773. The CD booklets in this series offer the conductor's commentaries to each symphony as well as reflective essays on W.A. Mozart and the Classic period.
On the symphonies
Dated Salzburg, July 1772
KV 132 is a symphony in E-flat, and that is always something special - it is the key of The Magic Flute. The first movement has a certain rigour - the sighs of the second subject are not of sadness, rather of serene clarity. One feels reconciled with life. The strangely pulsating second movement also evokes serenity. There is no revolt here. Calm enters and pervades the restlessness. The minuet is wonderfully witty and human, the violins compete with one another, then suddenly they lose the plot and stop. Music which to the noble audience of Mozart's time probably seemed ill-bred and rather cheeky. And then the trio with its sober premonitions - a soupçon of Schubert, sort of en passant. The fourth movement, a rondo with its gay, whiplash-like main theme. I am sure that after the concert the nobility would have gone home softly whistling this theme. It would not have let them alone.
Dated Salzburg, July 1772
KV 133, with its ‘trilling' first movement of dazzling sunlight. Mediterranean music, the trumpets vie with the horns, everyone has to join the fray. In the trills I hear cicadas. The second movement with the flutes is enchanting. Music that constantly aspires upward like a fine little rocket. The flute like a lark high up in the sky, and as soon as the minuet begins everyone joins in this upward striving, happy and jubilant. The last movement is the wittiest; the main theme has some gentle fun with a stammerer - one who can't get past the first note.
Dated Salzburg, August 1772
KV 134, a sunny, blue symphony in A major. The beginning is like a fountain, the water bubbles, wells up, shoots forth. In the second movement the fountain falls calm. The water just purls, a soft breeze ripples the surface. It is spring. The air is scented with lilacs. In the third movement the couple dance decorously in the park beside the fountain, in the fourth movement no longer so decorously. They vanish into the labyrinth, play like two cats and are happy. So are we.
Dated Salzburg, 30. March 1773
KV 161a, E-flat, the next ‘Magic Flute symphony'. The first movement is simple, clear, the music winged and bouncy. In the second movement you can feel the butterflies flutter by. Then the wonderfully slow middle movement with the delicate sighs, a touching vulnerability with the sensitively swelling yearning of the violins; and the final movement with its unspoiled joy, with its bliss. The music floats and flies with an inevitability that we can fly with in our dreams. It is a dream.
We call it Classical
By Claus Johansen
‘Classical music' has today become a popular name for all serious composition music. But it is also a heading with a more specific meaning that we place above the music that was composed in the period between 1750 and 1830. We call this the period of Classicism to distinguish it from the Romanticism that followed. Although many of the Romantic composers saw themselves as part of a movement, there is nothing to indicate that the composers in Mozart's time regarded themselves as ‘classic'. If we disregard Haydn's oratorios, Beethoven's symphonies and Gluck's last operas, they wrote their music for the concert scene here and now, and they took it for granted that every work passed its sell-by date within a few years. Nevertheless, many of their works became ‘classics' and our modern musical life is built up on the basis of a number of these ‘one-off' works. They have been misinterpreted, reworked and incorrectly performed, but have remained, not as canon or monument, but as living, relevant art that speaks directly to anyone who cares to listen.
If we look at the social context, the age of Classicism is roughly speaking the period when the aristocracy slowly lost its monopoly of music and the bourgeoisie took over. But this is only partly true. In the 1770s most European countries were still agrarian societies, and many of their traditions can be traced back directly to the Middle Ages. Among them, art was still aristocratic. It is easy to draw erroneous conclusions, and one of the most erroneous says that the symphony came to Europe on the heels of the popular bourgeois novel. Many of the best music historians come from England, and the idea is perhaps not wrong from an English point of view, but we cannot deny that the best Classical symphonies were in fact written outside England, and there are more of them than one might think. Haydn wrote at least 104, Mozart more than 40 - that sounds like a lot, but if we count them all up we can find around 16,500 symphonies composed between 1720 and 1804. The great majority were written for princely courts, monasteries, aristocratic palaces and public concerts in Central Europe, where self-assured officers, clerics and academics would probably object to being classed as members of the bourgeoisie. The novels and plays of ‘sensibility' from Mozart's time are mirrors of the life of the bourgeoisie, but the ideas behind the symphonies of the age are not bourgeois but aristocratic.
A symphony can be regarded as an opera without words. In the first movement we are presented with a problem. In the opera it is the conflict between what the characters should do and what they want to do. In the symphony it is the conflict between the first and second subject. In the slow movement of the symphony we meet the aristocratic dream-world: floating, pastoral, beautiful, misty, utopian. The third movement is the old-fashioned, slightly formal minuet with its somewhat rustic trio - never truly rural but always rustic idyll viewed through aristocratic spectacles. And to conclude, the happy, dancing final movement: fine and gay, but still cultivated and civilized; cultivated amusement, harmonious - and no more and no less ‘Classical' than witty, intelligent conversation in a free-thinking Parisian salon. The balance has been restored, the conflict is over, all is well again - and all is as it was before. For art is meant to move, touch and enlighten - but preferably not to disturb. Beethoven is still a long way off.
A symphony is perhaps an opera without words, but it is also good entertainment, and that is why intelligent people could at one and the same time take pleasure in modern, provocative bourgeois literature and the more stable aristocratic symphonies. That kind of music was appreciated everywhere in Europe, because it was written harmoniously and in the Italian musical language that everyone understood.
The period is called Classical now because it has become classic for us. It has become the Golden Age of our music. But the age itself was also interested in the classics in the other sense. Many of the people who lived in Mozart's time turned for inspiration to Classical Antiquity. Several of Mozart's operas are in fact set in antiquity. It was in the spirit of this kind of ‘Classicism' that people began to dig for and find the hidden cities of the past. The cultivated elite began to collect beautiful ancient works of art - like the writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who filled his town house in Weimar with Classical statues and plaster-casts, which were displayed against the radiant colours of the ‘Pompeiian' walls. Goethe went to Italy a few years after Mozart, more to experience than to learn, and he came home with experiences of the genuine southern European landscape, eroticism and art. He never recovered from this, and his experiences left their mark on the whole of intellectual Europe.
Museums and libraries mushroomed. They spoke of ‘eternal art' - or of ‘art for art's sake'. Like Goethe they collected fragments from antiquity, because for them these small individual elements had an eternal, universal inner beauty: a Greek vase, a Roman coin, a Classical column from Sicily - these things were moved out of their original context, and from now on stood on shelves and pedestals. There they looked beautiful and simple, and from there they were meant to give the viewers a fashionable kind of aesthetic pleasure.
The Italian operas might have had their origins in the classics, but the music was always modern. The Italian musical style was for that age what American pop music is for us: a well-loved and indispensable common denominator. That is why all composers who could afford it went to Italy, including Mozart. They had to listen and learn and travel back home and show what they had learned. Nevertheless, the composers of the eighteenth century had much to say about the mixed style. It is perhaps hard for us to hear it, but what we call Viennese Classicism is pieced together with music from many countries: harmonic patterns and snatches of melody from the Italian cantabile style, mixed with French dance rhythms, German orchestral sounds, Bohemian folk music and the remains of the dogmatic Catholic sacred music. The style is mixed, but it became known as Vienna Classicism and is still regarded as a harmonious totality. Parts of it survived in western Europe all the way up the World War I.
It was in Classicism that the concert activity of the western world was founded, and the strengths and weaknesses of the modern concert world were already in place before 1800. Many of the things that we regard as matters of course in musical life first appeared in the age of Classicism. Our musical world was created in Central Europe two centuries ago. We call it Classicism because in many ways it was influenced by the dream of Classical harmony. The music is built up in clear, transparent forms, there is a system to it. Many movements are governed by the master-plan we today call the sonata form, where two subjects are set up against each other, compete, come together and in the end form a higher unity; and there are other controlling systems and conventions, not least in the operas. The great majority of Classical composers stick to the rules; Beethoven is the first to widen the boundaries of what one can do, and that leads to the death of Classicism.
Classicism forms the transition between the old and the new age. Mozart first and foremost wrote his music for an aristocratic audience, but he experienced the beginning of the French Revolution, and twenty years after his death the modern world had its breakthrough. The first steam engines were on their way, while the folklorists collected all that they could find of folk tales and legends from rural life in the old days. This was something modern man could use: a knowledge and a wisdom that was perhaps about to be lost. They published their finds, both in original and in adapted versions, and in fact there was money in that kind of thing. Just as it had been fashionable to collect Greek vases and Roman coins. The old finds became symbols of something genuine, almost ‘organic', that could remind us of the harmony we all lack.
Something similar happened in music. Popular functional music was collected from everyday life, adapted and used in the concert hall. The pieces that had once been written for particular functions - church services, military parades, weddings and balls - were now played in reworked forms for a sympathetic audience in public concerts. In the age of the Baroque a minuet was something you danced; in the age of Classicism it was something you listened to.
Contemporary music was once composed for everyday life; now it is composed for the concert hall. And, like Goethe's Classical busts, the old music, which once had its own meaning, is set up on a pedestal as an aesthetic experience. It has been standing there ever since.
Mozart and the flute
By Claus Johansen
There are flutes in all Mozart's great Vienna and Prague operas, and there are one or two flutes in most of his late symphonies, in many of the piano concertos and in several of the big orchestral serenades. But in the early operas and symphonies from Italy and Salzburg things look different. In these the basic core of the wind group is two oboes and two (or four) French horns, often bolstered up by one or two bassoons, and in festive contexts supplemented by timpani and trumpets. Flutes do appear, but as a rule only in single movements instead of the oboes, which suggests that it was at first the same people who played both instruments.
The flute, which is actually an ancient instrument, did not become a regular member of the orchestra until some time in the 1770s. However, the instrument had a long history behind it. The flutes Mozart knew we call ‘Classical', but they are closely related to the old Baroque transverse flutes that were developed in Paris and Versailles around 1670. The flute is normally made of several parts that are joined together before you play it, and the assembled flute gets narrower towards the bottom, where it is furnished with a single key that you open when you play the note E flat. The flutes of the eighteenth century were usually made of boxwood, but other woods occur, and a few luxury instruments were turned in ivory. The musician blows across a hole in the mouthpiece, the sound is formed when the air flow strikes the sharp edge (as when one blows in a bottle). The flute is normally held towards the right. There are six finger holes and a key, but there are more than seven notes in the music of the eighteenth century. By means of so-called overblowing (blowing harder and/or changing the blowing angle) the musician can make the voice of the flute ‘break' so that it leaps up into a higher octave. The semitones (the notes with sharps or flats) that lie between the basic notes are produced by cross-fingering, where for example you lift finger 2 while 1 and 3 are still covering their holes. The result is not quite in tune, but the skilled flautist can correct the pitch with the lips and air flow.
In Mozart's time flutes were made in four parts - that is, with two middle sections. The first of these often came in several versions with different lengths, so that the musician could choose different pitches as the starting-point, which was necessary for travelling virtuosi, since two different cities rarely had the same concert pitch. Musicians and instrument-makers experimented throughout the 1700s with the holes and the bore of the flute,
and in the mid-century the classic one-keyed flute arose, which has a
slightly narrower bore than the Baroque flutes. This produced a better pitch
and a more focused sonority and made the instrument more suitable for orchestral
use, and this was the flute Mozart knew and wrote for throughout most of his life, with a
few exceptions. His Parisian concerto for flute and harp was composed for a French amateur who had an instrument with an extra low C-key, and of course Mozart dexterously exploited the potential this offered.
The flutes of the eighteenth century function best in the ‘sharp' keys (for example G major, D major and A major) and it is often in these keys that Mozart lets them replace the oboes of the orchestra. In the later Vienna compositions, perhaps inspired by Haydn, he uses the flutes in many keys, and often in the highest register of the instrument, so that they float high above the oboes and clarinets, which several contemporary writers incidentally considered vulgar and shrill\.
It was a long time before the flute became a standard member of the orchestra. In Mozart's time it was first and foremost an instrument for amateurs and virtuosi. A flute is not as hard to play as an oboe or a bassoon. A good flute was affordable, and it didn't require as much practice as a violin. It was easy to transport, and it was extremely well suited to the intimate, sensitive chamber music of the eighteenth century. Mozart knew several professional flute soloists. The famous virtuoso Wendling from Mannheim was one of his close friends, but almost all Mozart's solo works for flute were written for amateurs, and there were many of those in the eighteenth century. Students, aristocrats and officers played the flute. So the music publishers published reams of flute music. In the Copenhagen of the 1770s Count Raben and the young Royal Chamberlain Gjedde collected huge (still-preserved) quantities of flute music. The Prussian State Treasury paid the virtuoso Quantz the same salary as a minister of state for composing flute music and rehearsing it with his pupil Frederik the Great. Prince Carl August in Mannheim, who commissioned and paid for Mozart's opera Idomeneo, spent no small part of his leisure time relaxing with a flute. We can thank the flute amateur De Jean for Mozart's flute concertos and quartets.
But why would a nobleman play the flute of all things? In the first place because it was fashionable, in the second place because it looked good, and in the third place because it sounded nice. In addition, flute playing sent out certain important signals. The flute was a ‘natural' instrument and the philosopher Rousseau published Vivaldi's Spring for solo flute in his own adaptation which, with added bird-twittering, sent the listeners directly back to nature. Everywhere nobles and burghers played amateur duets, often with one another. The flute was, if not democratic, at least liberating. The free-thinking Danish Count Brandt played wistful solos in prison before he was executed. He was perhaps a slightly naïve man of the Enlightenment; if he had lived in 1968 he would presumably have played the guitar. But then, two centuries before, his flute-playing showed that he was in tune with the fashion of his time, and that he went in for parts of the enlightened Prussian absolutism, and cultivated modern French naturalness. You can presumably always begin your cultural revolution by blowing away the cobwebs!
A single disparaging remark in a single letter from Mannheim has given rise to the misunderstanding that Mozart did not care for flutes. He was young when he wrote that letter; he was also under pressure, confused and in love; in that situation a commission for flute concertos and quartets for a probably incompetent amateur can quite frankly be rather irritating. The misunderstanding is in fact cleared up by Mozart himself time and time again, not in the letters but in the scores. You only have to listen to his double concerto for flute and harp or the flute solos from The Magic Flute to understand that he knew the instrument, was fond of it and understood how to get the best out of it. Nor can we ignore the fact that it was he who composed the two most frequently played flute concertos in history. | <urn:uuid:7518fa38-9d47-46d5-be30-5ef7e44f0da0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dacapo-records.dk/en/recordings/mozart-symphonies-vol-6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.980376 | 4,229 | 1.6875 | 2 |
A Strike at the 'Soul' of S. Asia
Wednesday, March 4, 2009
KABUL, March 3 -- Across South Asia, cricket has become a symbol of regional camaraderie at a time of growing political and religious strife.
From the crowded slums of Dhaka to the snow-capped mountains of Kashmir, the sport is played on any available patch of dirt or stretch of sidewalk in this impoverished region of hundreds of millions of Muslims, Christians, Hindus and Buddhists.
When a squad of terrorists armed with grenades, rockets and rifles opened fire on a busload of visiting Sri Lankan cricket players in Lahore, Pakistan, on Tuesday morning, the assailants seemed bent on destroying what remains of South Asian civic and sporting goodwill.
"The terrorists know the world is watching when they target cricket -- the soul of this region," said Norris Pritam, an Indian sports historian in New Delhi. The attack, in the capital of Pakistan's powerful Punjab province, killed six Pakistani policemen and two civilians and wounded seven of the players before the gunmen vanished on foot into the city. It appeared likely to exacerbate the political crisis in Pakistan. The government of President Asif Ali Zardari has been severely weakened by partisan infighting and unable to gain control of a rapidly growing, violent threat from radical groups.
No group asserted responsibility for the attack, and it was not clear why the Sri Lankan team was targeted. But Pakistani officials said the attack bore a resemblance to a terrorist siege in India in November, in which a small group of armed men rampaged through the city of Mumbai for several days, attacking hotels and other buildings and leaving more than 170 people dead.
Police said about a dozen attackers ambushed a convoy carrying players and officials as they approached Lahore's Gaddafi Stadium, where Pakistan and Sri Lanka were to play a test match. They said the attackers were highly trained and organized. A Pakistani news camera captured several young men with backpacks firing at the bus and then taking cover. After a 15-minute battle with police, all the attackers managed to escape.
Officials said six policemen escorting the convoy were killed, along with the bus driver and another civilian. Two Sri Lankan players were in stable condition after being treated for bullet wounds, an umpire was more seriously wounded, with a gunshot to the stomach, and five other players had minor injuries.
The targeting of Lahore for a high-profile terrorist assault adds a twist to the tensions between India and Pakistan, neighboring nuclear-armed states and longtime adversaries. Lahore is the base of a radical Islamist group, Lashkar-i-Taiba, which Indian officials asserted had links to the Mumbai assault squad.
Pakistan once covertly sponsored Lashkar, an anti-India militant group, but officially banned it several years ago at U.S. insistence. Islamist fighters in Pakistan have increasingly turned against the government in a campaign of bombings and killings, but they have been concentrated in northwest Pakistan, and Punjab has been relatively unaffected.
"Whoever did this wanted to send a strong message that no area in Pakistan is beyond their reach," Rifaat Hussain, a professor of defense and security studies at Quaid-i-Azam University, said by telephone from Islamabad, the Pakistani capital. "I fear they may follow up with something more grisly and devastating."
Sri Lanka has been embroiled in a long-running war with ethnic separatist guerrillas known as the Tamil Tigers, but police officials said it was unlikely the assault on the Sri Lankan athletes had been carried out by the Tigers. The Tigers have been losing ground in recent months, while radical Islamist groups in the region have become more aggressive, organized and ambitious.
"This was an organized attack," Salmaan Taseer, the governor of Punjab province, told journalists in Lahore, drawing parallels with the Mumbai attacks. "They are trying to damage Pakistan. But it could have been far worse. Our security was there and they got the brunt of it." | <urn:uuid:6c3360c1-976b-4012-8bd5-ecff3cc8e024> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/03/AR2009030300206.html?hpid%3Dartslot&sub=AR | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00055-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974425 | 817 | 1.875 | 2 |
Unseen Craftsman (3.5e Spell)
From D&D Wiki
|Components:||V, S, M|
|Casting time:||1 standard action|
|Range:||Close (25 ft. + 5 ft./2 levels)|
|Effect:||One invisible, mindless, shapeless servant that crafts items.|
An unseen craftsman is an invisible, mindless, shapeless force that performs Craft skill checks at your command. The servant can perform only one activity per casting of the spell and only one unseen craftsman can work on a single item at a time.
When this spell is cast the caster must also make a relevant Craft check (with all normal modifiers) for the task the unseen craftsman will perform. Over the course of the next eight hours the unseen craftsman uses the casters craft skill check result to determine its progress as if they had worked for a full day.
The servant cannot attack in any way; it is never allowed an attack roll. It cannot be killed, but it dissipates if it takes 6 points of damage from area attacks (it gets no saves against attacks). The unseen craftsman cannot move outside of the spells range, set when cast. If some situation occurs that forces the unseen craftsman out of the spells range then it ceases to exist.
Material Component: The raw materials consumed by the craft skill check. | <urn:uuid:0ae3220f-82d1-4ef7-974e-ab55b7c3c933> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.dandwiki.com/wiki/Unseen_Craftsman_(3.5e_Spell) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717954.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00508-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.854059 | 289 | 1.734375 | 2 |
The leader of the world’s 1.2 billion Roman Catholics made his comments in the homily of his morning Mass in his residence, a daily event where he speaks without prepared comments.
He told the story of a Catholic who asked a priest if even atheists had been redeemed by Jesus.
“Even them, everyone,” the pope answered, according to Vatican Radio. “We all have the duty to do good,” he said.
“Just do good and we’ll find a meeting point,” the pope said in a hypothetical conversation in which someone told a priest: “But I don’t believe. I’m an atheist.”
Francis’s reaching out to atheists and people who belong to no religion is a marked contrast to the attitude of former Pope Benedict, who sometimes left non-Catholics feeling that he saw them as second-class believers.
The problem is what the Pope means by “good”.
Good, bad, right, wrong, aren’t actually meaningful terms unless we’ve specified how we’re deciding what right and wrong is. Are we saying something is wrong because it causes more (unnecessary) suffering than happiness? Is something right because it is according to some moral law? Is it right because god says so?
All systems of morality have their problems, but none more so than religious-based systems of course (that links to an article I wrote arguing why religious morality is the worst).
The Catholic definiton of good almost definitely does not align with what many – including some Catholics – probably consider good. The distribution of condoms, treating women with deserved respect, fighting diseases using scientific, evidence-based policies (you know, like legalised abortions, condom distribution, etc).
Morality is, of course, an ongoing discussion but we need at least an underlying system which tells others what we mean when we say this or that is wrong.
When you see the word good, the next question should always be “according to what?”. There are many things that Catholic leaders proclaim to be right that I would consider to be wrong. So, for now, I’m not entirely hopeful. Of course, it is better that he’s not condemning atheists to hell. But again: What does he mean by “good” and is his system really something worth emulating?
I would probably err on the side of no. Though I am glad of the civility of this, I’m not satisfied with the underlying ethics.
On Thursday, the Vatican issued an “explanatory note on the meaning to ‘salvation.'”
The Rev. Thomas Rosica, a Vatican spokesman, said that people who [are] aware of the Catholic church “cannot be saved” if they “refuse to enter her or remain in her.”
At the same time, Rosica writes, “every man or woman, whatever their situation, can be saved. Even non-Christians can respond to this saving action of the Spirit. No person is excluded from salvation simply because of so-called original sin.”
This, then, is nothing more than a restatement of Church doctrine most of us already know about.
Although the pope’s comments about salvation surprised some, bishops and experts in Catholicism say Francis was expressing a core tenant of the faith.
“Francis was clear that whatever graces are offered to atheists (such that they may be saved) are from Christ,” the Rev. John Zuhlsdorf, a conservative Catholic priest, wrote on his blog.
“He was clear that salvation is only through Christ’s Sacrifice. In other words, he is not suggesting – and I think some are taking it this way – that you can be saved, get to heaven, without Christ.”
Another priest Chad Pecknold, an assistant professor of theology at the Catholic University of America, expressed agreement with with Zuhlsdorf.
To stress that the gospel redeems all people, including atheists, is the teaching of the church,” he added. “This is an objective fact that the church believes.”
Thus, though the Pope isn’t condemning atheists – as some of his predecessors did and some of his fellow leaders do – this still confirms that this probably has little to do with vague forms of secular ethics. It’s furthermore nothing but a restatement of doctrine.
As I mention in the comments, if there’s evidence the Pope really does mean atheists can get into Heaven by doing secularly good things and even if they’re atheists on their death-bed, then I wouldn’t have a problem with this (except for the inherent immorality involved with religious-based ethics). | <urn:uuid:8d6fb578-612f-4762-8e36-53193cc903ea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://freethoughtblogs.com/indelible/2013/05/23/yeah-but-what-does-he-mean-by-good/?wpmp_switcher=mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00500-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97008 | 1,016 | 2.25 | 2 |
CIUDAD HIDALGO, Mexico (AP) — A ragged army of Honduran migrants streamed through southern Mexico on Sunday heading toward the United States, after making an end-run around Mexican agents who briefly blocked them at the Guatemalan border. Their numbers have now swelled to 5,000.
They received help at every turn from sympathetic Mexicans who offered food, water and clothing. Hundreds of locals driving pickups, vans and cargo trucks stopped to let them clamber aboard.
Besi Jaqueline Lopez of the Honduran city of San Pedro Sula carried a stuffed polar bear in a winter cap that seemed out of place in the tropical heat. It’s the favorite — and only — toy of her two daughters, 4-year-old Victoria and 3-year-old Elisabeth, who trudged beside her gleaming with sweat.
A business administration graduate, Lopez said she couldn’t find work back home and hopes to reach the United States, but would stay in Mexico if she could find employment here.
“My goal is to find work for a better future for my daughters,” she said.
In dozens of interviews along the journey, they have said they are fleeing widespread violence, poverty and corruption in Honduras.
After praising Mexico for its no-nonsense response when police at a southern border bridge pushed the migrants back with riot shields and pepper spray, U.S. President Donald Trump again hammered Democratic Party opponents over what he apparently sees as a winning issue for Republicans a little over two weeks ahead of midterm elections.
After blaming the Democrats for “weak laws” on immigration a few days earlier, Trump said via Twitter: “The Caravans are a disgrace to the Democrat party. Change the immigration laws NOW!”
“Full efforts are being made to stop the onslaught of illegal aliens from crossing our Souther (sic) Border,” he said in another tweet. “People have to apply for asylum in Mexico first, and if they fail to do that, the U.S. will turn them away. The courts are asking the U.S. to do things that are not doable!”
Hundreds of migrants from the caravan did just that — applied for refugee status in Mexico in the southern city of Ciudad Hidalgo.
But a far bigger group forded the Suchiate River from Guatemala to the Mexican side individually and dozens at a time, and resumed the trek at first light, marching 10 abreast on the highway.
“Si se pudo!” they chanted in Spanish — “Yes, we could!”
The throng grew even larger than when the migrants arrived at the border bridge Friday, swelling overnight to 5,000 or so.
It was not immediately clear where the additional travelers came from since about 2,000 had been gathered on the Mexican side Saturday night. But people have been joining and leaving the caravan daily, some moving at their own pace and strung out in a series of columns.
Their destination Sunday was the city of Tapachula in Chiapas state. Under a blazing sun, small groups of 20 to 30 paused to rest in the shade of trees on the side of the road, and by afternoon the caravan had evolved into long lines of walkers straggling for miles.
Jesus Valdivia, of Tuxtla Chico, Mexico, was one of the many who pulled his pickup truck over to let 10 or even 20 migrants hop in at a time, sometimes causing vehicles’ springs to groan under the weight.
“You have to help the next person. Today it’s for them, tomorrow for us,” Valdivia said, adding that he was getting a valuable gift from those he helped: “From them we learn to value what they do not have.”
Passing freight trucks were quickly boarded by dozens of migrants, and straining tuk-tuks carried as many as a half-dozen.
Brenda Sanchez of San Pedro Sula, Honduras, who rode in Valdivia’s truck with three nephews ages 10, 11 and 19, expressed gratitude to “God and the Mexicans who have helped us.”
She even had kind words for Mexican police: “We are very grateful to them because even though they closed the doors to us (at the border), they are coming behind us taking care of us.”
Federal police monitored the caravan’s progress from a helicopter and had a few units escorting it. Outside Tapachula, about 500 black-uniformed officers briefly gathered along the highway on buses and in patrol units, but they said their orders were to maintain traffic and not to stop the caravan. They moved on toward the city before the caravan reached them.
As the migrants passed through villages on the outskirts of Ciudad Hidalgo, locals applauded, shouted encouragement and donated supplies.
Maria Teresa Orellana, a resident of Lorenzo, handed out sandals. “It’s solidarity,” she said. “They’re our brothers.”
Mexico’s Interior Department said in a statement that federal and Chiapas state authorities were providing assistance to migrants, including legal counseling for those who applied for asylum. It released a video showing workers doling out food, medicine and medical treatment.
In comments to reporters after a rally in Elko, Nevada, on Saturday night, Trump said of Mexico’s response: “I just want to say, on behalf of the American public, that we appreciate what Mexico is doing. They’ve really stepped up, and it will not be forgotten.”
Trump also repeated: “I will seal off the border before (the migrants) come into this country, and I’ll bring out our military, not our reserves.”
Mexican authorities had refused to allow the caravan mass entry from Guatemala, instead accepting small groups to process asylum requests and handing out some 45-day visitor permits. An estimated 1,500 were still on the Guatemalan side of the Suchiate, hoping to enter legally.
But police could do little if anything in the face of the throngs who avoided the official entry point and crossed the notoriously porous border elsewhere.
Migrants marching north Sunday said they gave up on Mexico because the application process was too slow, and most wanted to continue to the United States anyway.
Olivin Castellanos, 58, a truck driver and mason from Villanueva, Honduras, was one of those who rafted across the river.
“No one will stop us, only God,” he said. “We knocked down the door and we continue walking.”
If he makes it to the United States, he wants to work.
“I can do this,” Castellanos said, pointing to the asphalt under his feet. “I’ve made highways.”
The Associated Press contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:8ddf80f5-73a2-4cd4-ad82-5e397d9ab9d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.breitbart.com/news/photos-growing-army-of-5000-migrants-march-toward-u-s-border-aided-by-mexico/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.967761 | 1,460 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Nine rebel fighters have died in efforts to drive Libyan government soldiers out of the town of Qwalish.
Seven of the nine fighters who died on Wednesday were from Zintan, a remote western town of Libya.
The people of Zintan have always had a fearsome reputation. As rebel fighters against government forces, they have been at the forefront of efforts to make this mountain area safe.
They say that they will not accept anything less than the end of Gaddafi's government, even if this equates to their own death.
"We are fighting to die, they are fighting to live," is the slogan they chant.
Al Jazeera's Jonah Hull reports.
Source: Al Jazeera | <urn:uuid:3dee8b4c-852f-4ce1-a9e6-346fc94be318> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/07/20117853828409960.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00407-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984867 | 141 | 1.664063 | 2 |
_"Kealoha's presence here absolutely revolutionizes what we are doing." -- Principal John Colson, Waimea Middle Public Conversion Charter School.
List of Poems
Kealoha has written hundreds of poems throughout the years. Here is a select list of poems that you may have seen performed live, viewed on TV, heard on a CD, or read in a publication. Although this is not a comprehensive listing of all his work, it is a good starting point. If you are interested in receiving the text for a poem, email us and we'll send it to you. Kealoha's poems have been used in classrooms, forensic competitions, workshops, lectures, corporate events, weddings, etc. If you would like to use a poem for any reason, let us know and we will most likely grant you permission.
This service is offered for free, but if you would like to make a donation direct to Kealoha by clicking on the donate buttons above or below, that would be amazing and much appreciated!!
ʻOhana All Right Attraction Be With You By Your Side Can't Fool the Youth Chances Check the Source Collective Impact Come Together / Kōkua for Katrina Come With Me Confused Connect Dad Déjà Vu Destiny Dichotomy (Hawaiian in the 21st Century) Exist Family Flowers Free Love Freedom Song Garden Human Doing I Want Jump (Poem for Hi`ilawe) Kealohapauʻole Lesson Of Essence (Recess II) Listen Live Local Love Shine Male Feminist Mrs. Ching Ms. Ling Nā Hōkū Hanohano Opening Native Intelligence New Day One Otherground Painting the Future Pick it Up Play it Again Sam Poem Love Politics Popo at 96 Pretend Progress Radio Recess Reflect Simple Logic Slam Essence Soul Surfing Space and Time Spider Stagnance Students of Movement That Man This Path Three Women Time For Her Timing / Love Cycle Together Hawaiʻi / Kōkua for Japan Warrior We are Music Zoom Out | <urn:uuid:f1e6b99f-c024-44d3-ae0a-bccd190af177> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.kealohapoetry.com/list-of-poems.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.887764 | 417 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Software that seeks to make websites perform better abound in the internet. In this regard, it is not uncommon to find programming developers trying to market their software online.
However, some have very little idea on how this can be done.
Software marketing in the virtual world is not unlike other products or services being promoted by various companies. Basic knowledge of the more popular online marketing techniques should prove to be helpful.
A good starting point would be the search engines where paid ad spaces are available. A single purchase of one of these ads can bring in tremendous sales prospects. Of course, this undertaking can be a bit expensive especially when opting for the more prominent search engines.
A more affordable marketing method would be to look for online forums as well as discussion sites where software development is the primary topic. Many of these sites welcome free members although a few may require monthly fees.
In any case, joining the discussion in these specialty sites is a good opportunity to promote or advertise any software that has recently been developed.
For example, there are various plugins available for your business in order to make working with WordPress much easier. Plugins for blog commenting moderation like Akismet for example, or ones for adding your photos like Photo Gallery. There are even more specific ones like Page Expiration Robot which adds countdown timers for WordPress. That particular one even has it’s own dedicated site.
A number of business owners are actually known to take part in various forum discussions in the internet. Their goal is usually to gain more knowledge about the industry that they are involved in and in the process, apply any new learning that they acquire to make their business more successful. That knowledge can be applied using video, articles, and other rich media. Video players for WordPress like vooPlayer can be used as well other well known tools like Youtube and Vimeo.
In the case of software-related discussion sites, many online businesses find them quite helpful. This is mainly because these sites get to provide them needed information about any new programs that may help them improve their overall business operations.
Meanwhile, getting to share any software idea or knowledge in these sites should not be too difficult especially for the experienced designer. If valuable information gets to be presented, the door to successful software sales can easily open up.
Software can also be an interesting subject to write about especially for the programmer who has a way with the written word. Well-written content relating to software information can be submitted to different online publications. This is a good and effective way of getting known as an expert programmer. If excellent articles can be turned in on a regular basis, it is highly possible to eventually get connected with several companies in need of competent software developers.
Software marketing need not be entirely difficult, even for the inexperienced online marketer. As long as there is confidence in the product being promoted and the appropriate strategy is employed, the needed software sale will eventually come. | <urn:uuid:3678d708-2aa0-417e-8abe-7aee30e85f48> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aperturepluggedin.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957758 | 589 | 1.546875 | 2 |
- Thursday 30 Jun 2022, 09:00 - 11:45
- Spoken Language
Multifunction Hall Room 11
- Ticket information
You can attend this event if you register (free of charge) to the World Urban Forum and then add the event to your calendar once you have registered.
The training session held on 30 June 2022 between 9.00-11.45 hours at the 11th edition of the World Urban Forum is based on three different case studies from various regions and contexts around the world. The selected small-scale community initiatives will get an opportunity to present their mission, ideas and challenges. Subsequently, the representatives of these initiatives and the participants will take part in a training under the guidance of three urban development and resilience experts.
About this training
This training session is based on three initiatives from different contexts worldwide. These small-scale cases of community initiatives are selected as the finalists of the IHS Alumni Impact Award and will be presented to the participants by the initiators themselves.
The participants will take part in a training under the guidance of three urban development experts: Alexander Jachnow, Indriany Lionggo and Tannya Pico. Each expert will cover one thematic area: socio-cultural resilience, environmental resilience and socio-economic resilience.
The training will consist of a theory and a practice section, which will enable participants to enhance their knowledge and skills while working towards an action plan for the selected initiatives. Three “mobile teams” of participants and experts will advise the initiatives for further development and sustainable growth.
In the theoretical part, participants will learn how to work towards resilience and sustainability via small-scale initiatives and how to develop solutions and make action plans. By discussing and analysing the different thematic aspects shared by the small-scale initiative representatives in a group setting, they will be able to identify the core issues faced by each initiative and come up with collaborative solutions and plans through peer learning.
What will you learn?
At the end of the training, participants will be able to understand the concepts of urban community initiatives and community resilience. The training session will create and nurture an environment to discuss and exchange experiences happening locally.
Participants will learn how to synthesise and utilise knowledge from one context and apply it to another while remaining aware of the varying circumstances and factors that might influence the result.
At the same time, the training will increase the participants' knowledge and capacity to assess socio-cultural, environmental, and socio-economic resilience, as well as the ability to systematise good practices and to recognise the impact of bottom-up initiatives on urban transformation and community resilience. Lastly, they will learn to showcase the positive externalities beyond their initial project, effectively leaving a larger impact in their communities and thus, having a larger impact on unforeseen areas and "leaving no one behind".
These three initiatives will be featured as case studies during the training.
GEARTH 4.0 Intelligent System - Esthela Maria Espinoza, Ecuador
The goal of the project is to develop an intelligent system (software) to generate, organize, keep, integrate and capitalize data, information, knowledge and experiences, to intervene in the production, use, transformation and management processes of bio-cultural spaces of neighbourhoods and communities.
Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University (DSEU) - Lighthouse Program - Aditya Ajith, India
This project aims to build sustainable livelihoods for youth from marginalised, low-income communities towards an aspirational future through skill development. The DSEU Lighthouse offers high-quality, short-term vocational skilling courses and is a step towards solving the unemployment crisis in India.
É de Sol Composting (On-demand Composting Nonprofit Start-up) - Mariana Fiuza, Brazil
This project aims to reduce the volume of greenhouse gases emitted in Teresina and change the way the region deals with waste. To achieve this goal, É de Sol offers an on-demand composting service for organic waste that would otherwise end up in the city’s landfill. | <urn:uuid:a13f8665-8c20-4f76-9d31-9353d19c2760> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ihs.nl/en/events/join-ihs-world-urban-forum-training-developing-small-scale-local-initiatives-2022-06-30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.908452 | 854 | 1.53125 | 2 |
CDFW Contacts: Jim Erdman, Dawne Emery
Aquatic Biodiversity Management Plans and Restoration Activities
Fisheries management plans are needed for all high Sierra waters to assure that trout fisheries are managed in a manner compatible with other native aquatic and riparian resources. Fisheries management plans must comply with individual future species recovery plans or conservation strategies which may impart additional fisheries management constraints. CDFW plans should attempt to optimize recreational benefits while maintaining natural biodiversity using a basin-by-basin approach.
Twenty-two Management Units (MU's) including 105 Planning Watersheds (PWS) have been identified for management by CDFW's Bishop Field Office. Most units are defined by watershed boundaries; however, several adjacent smaller basins may be combined to form a management planning unit. Management plans for these areas should be site specific, based on current assessments of fish and amphibian populations, angler use, and the status of key native biota and habitats.
In 1995 the CDFW initiated the High Mountain Lakes project and began site specific resource assessments throughout the Sierra Nevada. Each waterbody within a PWS was identified using a statewide GIS coverage and given a unique identifying number. Each site was visited and surveyed for habitat characteristics (littoral zone substrate, littoral zone depth and shoreline terrestrial substrate), tributary characteristics (width, depth, spawning habitat and fish barriers) fisheries information (fish presence/absence, species, sex ratio and spawning readiness) and target amphibians (species, life stage and disease) according to specific protocols. Site photographs were taken and detailed sketches were made. Photos of fish and amphibians (if any) were also taken. Sterilization protocols were incorporated to insure that survey crews were not vectors for the distribution of any diseases.
In 1999, after completion of baseline surveys, the CDFW finalized and began implementing an Aquatic Biodiversity Management Plan (ABMP) for the Big Pine Creek Wilderness Basin of the Sierra Nevada. That management plan addressed both CDFW's public trust responsibilities for management and protection of native aquatic species and CDFW's historic and future management of fishery resources in the basin. Currently the Inland Desert Region has completed eight (of 22) ABMP's and three more are in draft form.
<h3">The following objectives are being used to develop all ABMP's in the Inland Deserts Region.
- Objective 1: Manage high mountain lakes and streams in a manner which maintains or restores native biodiversity and habitat quality, supports viable populations of native species, and provides for recreational opportunities considering historical and future use patterns. In some areas, most or all of the waters may be managed as natural reserves with little or no angling available. Likewise, in areas of high recreational demand, most or all of the lakes may be managed for recreational angling.
- Objective 2: Trout stocking allotment changes should be based on site-specific data collected within the last 7 years.
- Objective 3: For each lake, the species, frequency, and number of trout stocked should be guided by the following provisions:
- A) Lakes with existing populations of R. muscosa or R. sierrae should generally not be stocked with fish. Where a R. muscosa or R. sierrae population exists within two kilometers of an established high mountain lake fishery, an assessment of fishing use and the feasibility of trout removal should be made to determine if the water could be converted to a fishless condition to benefit R. muscosa or R. sierrae.
- B) Stocking waters in areas with other amphibian Species of Special Concern, such as the Yosemite toad, Bufo canorus, will be reviewed to assure that the native biodiversity objective is met within the management planning unit.
- C) Golden trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita, are native to the South Fork Kern River and are sometimes given priority over other trout species and stocked into waters following existing Fish and Game Commission policy. Other species of trout may be stocked to meet other fishery management objectives and for experimental fisheries management programs. However, the stocking of brook trout should generally be avoided because they are a lake-spawning species with a greater tendency to become overabundant and produce stunted populations at the expense of native amphibians and other trout species. Brook trout should not be stocked where their range may be extended.
- D) After achieving the aquatic native biodiversity objectives above, high mountain lakes could be managed to optimize angling opportunity within a given basin. For example, some lakes might be managed for trophy-sized fish, some for fast-action on smaller-sized fish, and others for angling species diversity.
- E) Trout should not be stocked into waters with existing self-sustaining trout populations unless needed to meet goals for improving angling diversity, trophy or fast-action fishing, or research. Experimental planting of trout to control undesirable fish populations is allowed under this provision.
- F) In addition to the application of chemical piscicides in lakes, new and innovative non-chemical means to control undesirable fish populations should be encouraged to avoid impacts on non-target species, including, but not limited to, the use of stocked sterile piscivorous trout, strains or species of fish not previously stocked, or physical means of removal.
Status of management plan
Currently the Inland Deserts Region has completed baseline surveys on 95% of the identified waterbodies (well over 3000) within all 22 MU's. Data has been rendered into GIS coverage files and entered into a database. Presence of fish and amphibian species can be displayed on basin wide maps and examined on a large landscape scale. Decisions regarding stocking, native species restoration and fish removal can be made at the PWS level in accordance with the management goals and objectives, while considering historical and future use objectives. Monitoring survey schedules have been created and implemented.
The Inland Deserts Region has identified approximately 40 Rana sierrae populations within the 22 MU's. Most are very small populations relegated to marginally sufficient habitat. Eleven restoration projects have been implemented and seven have been completed. These seven restoration projects had small, at-risk, pre-existing populations of Rana sierrae in the area and the restoration effort involved fish removal from breeding and overwinter habitat. It should be noted that fish removal is necessary since Rana sierrae and introduced trout require the same lake habitat type (sufficient depth). Fish removal and habitat expansion has resulted in large increases of native a quatic invertebrate and amphibian populations. In all, a total of nineteen lakes or ponds have been or are in the process of being converted to fishless. | <urn:uuid:bb635b7a-e2fe-42d3-94c0-42da2cfef94d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Regions/6/High-Mountain-Lakes-Project | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00454-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921781 | 1,379 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Namratha Ramanan is finalizing a PhD in Psychology and Educational Sciences from KU Leuven, Belgium with an expertise in children’s and human rights. Her research has focused on familial separation in the context of live-in child domestic work in India. She is a highly skilled and creative researcher, specializing in designing and conducting qualitative research, conducting research with vulnerable communities, contextual interviewing, qualitative and quantitative data analysis and project management. She has conducted empirical studies with laborers in slavery and slavery-like situations in coffee plantations in India, child laborers in informal labor sectors like domestic work, elderly and child care provision, street vendors among others and desk-research on child labor in the cocoa sector.
Originally from India, Namratha has been involved with community-based, culturally relevant projects to address child and human rights violations, the most recent of which has been as a member of the working group of ‘Youth and Decent Work’ for Beyond Chocolate where her main contributions were to evaluate the effectiveness of human rights due diligence promises in self-declared sustainability protocols of chocolate manufacturing companies and development of indicators to evaluate further impact of programs aimed at reducing child labor in Ivory Coast and Ghana.
She also holds a MSc. in Forensic Odontology from KU Leuven, Belgium. This diverse educational background lends itself to her conducting projects from a pragmatic yet humanitarian approach. | <urn:uuid:2d21bef7-f08c-4992-a6ee-1dd08fb2572d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://c-lever.org/index.php/en/team/team-members/details/4/49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.950125 | 284 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Global giants Amazon have continued to expand their reach in the UK by launching the first of their Amazon Fresh branded grocery stores in a leafy suburb of London. This isn’t simply a copy of a Tesco Local store though, Amazon has taken a giant step into the future of food shopping by making the store checkout and cash-free.
London was a natural first location in the UK for a physical Amazon Fresh store that relies on their Just Walk Out Technology which is described as being in the same family as those of self-driving cars. The store being so brightly lit is no coincidence as the technology relies on an array of cameras suspended from the ceiling that track both people and products. You have to “log in” to the store by scanning the app which contains your details and will connect the app login and the items you pick up. The patent for the technology refers to user information but what exactly does this entail?
But should this be something that worries the average shopper? Other than the potential to persuade you to spend more, probably not. All the data will be covered by UK laws including GDPR and Amazon claim they will only retain this data for 30 days.
This will not persuade everyone though. Silkie Carlo the director of Big Brother Watch, a UK based civil liberties and privacy campaign group, called the Amazon Fresh London store “a dystopian, total-surveillance shopping experience.”
“Amazon’s intense tracking of shoppers will create larger personal data footprints than any other retailer. Customers deserve to know how and by whom these records and analytics could be used.”Silkie Carlo, director of Big Brother Watch
Undoubtedly Amazon will use the data to stock the most popular products and have more efficiency with quantities, they may even use the data to connect other types of product you may buy together but traditional supermarkets do this already. The technology doesn’t even use facial recognition so what is their end goal?
Well, Amazon Fresh is already planning more stores in London and they’ve created their own range of items but the real money maker will be selling off their technology to the market leaders. Amazon is pretty content to dominate the online world and leave traditional retailers to fight over real-world scraps. This store is essentially a big tech demonstration and if Amazon can license their technology to the major chains then they can have an additional source of income without exposing themselves to the risks of bricks and mortar stores.
With the amount of capital they possess, Amazon could quite easily buy out one of the UK supermarket chains but partnerships seem the more likely route. They already work with Morrisons to supply items for the online version of Amazon Fresh which currently delivers across London and the south-east of England.
Most supermarkets already have some form of scan and shop option using an app but the big difference here is that it requires manual input. Of course, there will be logistics to overcome, stores will need to be adapted and solutions will need to be found for technophobes but the benefits are clear. Checkout staff won’t be required so wage bills can be slashed and it will reduce theft dramatically (at least until somebody works out how to play the system). Hard-up students could even tie their accounts to their parents to pay for their weekly shop.
The pandemic has shown how the world is willing to adapt to new solutions and many will be curious to try out Amazon Fresh if it pops up in their area of London but any doubters of the technology may have to get over their fears if Jeff Bezos is hell-bent on dominating another market.
How do you feel about the new Amazon Fresh store in London? Do you have a technology or data protection matter you need help with? Alston Asquith has offices in London and Hertfordshire and can arrange a call to provide some initial advice.
We pride ourselves on our relationship with our clients as well as the service we provide. View some of our feedback on Trustpilot.
Visit our contact page to find out how we can help. | <urn:uuid:e7c03200-7a8a-4fee-bb57-e9520ab279ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alstonasquith.com/amazon-fresh-launches-store-in-london/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.95723 | 935 | 1.828125 | 2 |
The Pendulum is quite possibly the oldest form of fortune telling ever devised by humans. Its use can be traced back as far as history and has been used to divine everything from gold to the sex of an unborn child. It is accepted by most who are familiar with it as a true from of reliable information that no one could possibly know.
In this manuscript you will be taught how to use this ancient device for magical purposes such as, finding spectators hidden thoughts, hidden objects, amazing coincidence affects, just to name a few. Each entry in this will arm you with fantastic potential ideas that will get you the most from your pendulum.
You will be first taught the proper techniques as well as how to prime your spectator to get the best results when they use the pendulum. After that you will be given many ideas with its use in the form of routines that range from the odd to the comical. Most of the routines in this require nearly no sleight of hand and the couple that do use simple sleights that anyone can do.
The pendulum is widely accepted by many as being an unexplained device that really tells them information from the cosmos and this manuscript will help you capitalize on this by building on a structure that convinces them that you are not doing anything but in fact are divining their own fortune.
Keep in mind the routines are not used for fortune telling they are magical happenings with a lot of visual and mental appeal. Anyone who uses a pendulum will leave a lasting impression not only of their magic but of themselves as well; you will stand out from the crowd if you use this information.
- Size469 KB
- Length40 pages | <urn:uuid:eb1361ab-8279-4932-a609-c055245894ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehandsofmagic.gumroad.com/l/RLRdA | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.965934 | 345 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Boxer Praises President Obama for Signing Legislation to Create Pinnacles National Park
Washington, D.C. th U.S. Senator Barbara Boxer (D-CA) today praised President Obama for signing the Pinnacles National Park Act into law.
(Media-Newswire.com) - Washington, D.C. – U.S. Senator Barbara Boxer ( D-CA ) today praised President Obama for signing the Pinnacles National Park Act into law. This legislation will elevate the Pinnacles National Monument to a National Park, a change that will draw more national recognition and tourism to an area of California renowned for its natural beauty. This legislation was introduced in the Senate by Senator Boxer and in the House by Congressman Sam Farr.
“I thank President Obama for signing this bill, which will help us attract even more visitors from around the world to one of California’s greatest treasures,” Senator Boxer said. “Pinnacles is renowned for its spectacular beauty and unique wildlife, and elevating it to a National Park will ensure that it gets the recognition it deserves while also boosting the area’s tourism economy.”
Established by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1908, the Pinnacles National Monument was originally 2,500 acres. Now it encompasses 26,000 acres of diverse California wildlands and spectacular volcanic rock formations.
The Pinnacles are already a global destination for naturalists and outdoor enthusiasts, who are attracted by the park’s scenic trails, natural resources and some of the most unique rock-climbing in the world. They are also home to diverse wildlife, including the critically endangered California condor.
The area holds cultural significance for several of California's Native American tribes and it served as a backdrop for John Steinbeck's “Of Mice and Men” and “East of Eden.” The legislation also renames the current Pinnacles Wilderness as the Hain Wilderness after Schuyler Hain, an early conservationist whose efforts led to the establishment of the Monument.
Supporters of the legislation by Senator Boxer and Congressman Farr include the Wilderness Society, the California Wild Heritage Campaign and the California Wilderness Project.
This story was released on 2013-01-11. Please make sure to visit the official company or organization web site to learn more about the original release date. See our disclaimer for additional information. | <urn:uuid:fc20ff10-75f8-4c82-bac6-88a55ef32467> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://media-newswire.com/release_1181187.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00476-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933605 | 496 | 1.984375 | 2 |
***** NOT A TEACHER *****
(1) The New Oxford American Dictionary defines pizzazz as "an attractive combination of vitality and glamour."
The word may have been coined (invented) by an American fashion magazine in the 1930's.
(2) If I understand your paragraph correctly, those two persons simply walked back to the island on a narrow and
muddy path. Well, getting back to the island by just walking back did not involve any pizzazz (nothing "vital" or "glamorous"
about walking back on a trail or path), but it was very practical. That is, it got them back to the island safely. And that was
what they wanted.
(3) Here's another example: The Times newspaper (of London), which used to be the newspaper of the ruling classes, did
something very big in 1966: it put news on the front page. Until 1966, it had (almost) always put only small advertisements
on the front page. Of course, most people thought that it lacked pizzazz, so they would not buy it. Putting the news on the
front page along with interesting headlines and big photographs gave the paper some pizzazz. (Supposedly!)
(4) Just think of what might have happened if the guy in your paragraph had thought of an exciting and unusual
way to return to the island. Maybe Aislinn would have kissed him! (On the other hand, he could have chosen a
way full of pizzazz but lacking in practicality. So they would never have gotten back to the island!)
P.S. Did you watch on television the Academy Awards from Hollywood last night? Now, that is pizzazz!
Student or Learner | <urn:uuid:5dd6390b-e495-4e00-b289-9b354bd083ca> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/166497-lacks-in-pizzazz | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00262-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962439 | 361 | 2.40625 | 2 |
New research from Yale University reveals how mechanical forces play an integral part in cell function.
Nuclear membranes protect genes — life’s most precious cargo — but little is known about why they function in different tissue types. For instance, nuclei in brain cells tend to be soft and pliable while those in bone cells are stiff and rigid. Now Yale researchers show how mechanical forces play an integral part in cell function for good and bad.
Using “optical tweezers” to pull on nuclei, the Yale team showed that if chromatin — the material that makes chromosomes — is detached or untethered from the nuclear membrane, then the nucleus undergoes unusually large changes in shape as seen in the accompanying movie. (Nuclear deformations are highlighted in yellow and red).
Intriguingly, say the researchers, these cells do not revert back to a spherical shape as happens normally in cells in which chromatin is attached to the membrane. Regulation of nuclear shape is crucial for cells to operate in different environments, the authors say.
“If you push on a single rubber ball, it will simply roll away in response — similar to what happens to nuclear shape when chromatin can move freely. But if you pack rubber balls together, then they have nowhere to move — as when chromatin is tethered — they push back against the force instead,” said Yale’s Megan King, a lead author of the study which appears in the June 15 issue of Nature Communications.
Yale’s Simon Mochrie is co-author of the study.
How nuclear membranes change shape is of fundamental biological importance in determining the eventual fate of cells and when it goes awry has been implicated in diseases such as muscular dystrophy.
Publication: Sarah M. Schreiner, et al., “The tethering of chromatin to the nuclear envelope supports nuclear mechanics,” Nature Communications 6, Article number: 7159; doi:10.1038/ncomms8159
Image: Yale University | <urn:uuid:c99b883e-0295-47e1-8c0a-b360bb9dc80c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scitechdaily.com/researchers-show-how-mechanical-forces-affect-cell-function/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.902374 | 419 | 3.875 | 4 |
Amanda joined Watsi on November 18th, 2014. 12 other people also joined Watsi on that day! Amanda's most recent donation traveled 8,500 miles to support Joyce, a teenager and aspiring surgeon from Kenya, to remove a brain tumor.
Amanda has funded healthcare for 7 patients in 4 countries.
Amanda has funded healthcare for 7 patients in 4 countries.
"I know my parents have been very worried because they know that our family is not in a position to pay for the treatment I need," shares Joyce. "They are also scared of what the outcome of the surgery will be. I am very grateful to Watsi for making it possible for me to be treated." 16-year-old Joyce lives in Kenya with her parents and four other siblings. For the past three months, Joyce has been experiencing blurred vision, headaches, and a lack of stability when walking. She was subsequently diagnosed with a brain tumor. "Joyce is unable to attend classes because of severe headache and general drowsiness caused by the tumor in her brain," says our medical partner, African Mission Healthcare Foundation (AMHF). "Her performance in school has drastically declined, making her teachers and parents concerned. Joyce loves school and hopes to get well soon so that she can go back to school." For $1260, we can fund a craniotomy to remove Joyce's tumor. AMHF expects that Joyce will make a full recovery, and be able to return to school. She will be able to live without any of her current symptoms. "All Joyce's parents wish for is for their daughter to be heathy again. They are deeply saddened that they have not been able to raise the funds necessary for Joyce's treatment," says AMHF. Joyce has big dreams for when she's able to get back to school. "I want to become a surgeon when I grow up. I love Science and Mathematics," she tells us.
Meet Liberte, a three-year-old girl from Haiti. Liberte lives with her mother, grandmother, and several other family members in the countryside where they grow corn and other crops. She loves to sing at church, and eat chicken. “Liberte was born with multiple holes between the two lower chambers (ventricles) of her heart," explains our medical partner, Haiti Cardiac Alliance (HCA). "This impedes normal blood flow through her body." HCA tells us that as a result of the disease, “she has been slow to develop and gain weight, and sometime ago she suffered a stroke that has affected her left side.” “She has not yet started preschool in part because of her heart condition,” continues HCA. $1,500 will fund the surgery to repair the defect in Liberte’s heart. “Following the closure of the defect, normal blood flow should be restored to Liberte’s heart and she should not have further need for surgery in the future,” HCA adds. “I want to say thank you to everyone who is helping my daughter get better,” shares Liberte’s mother.
“Thank you for supporting my son’s treatment. I look forward to taking him home after he is treated,” shares Humphrey’s mother. Meet Humphrey, a two-month-old baby boy and only child to his young parents. Humphrey was born with spina bifida, which has resulted in an open mass on his lower back. According to our medical partner, African Mission Healthcare Foundation (AMHF), “If surgery is not done soon, Humphrey is likely to develop an infection, tethered cord and kyphosis or scholiosis.” Until recently, Humphrey’s mother ran a small business, but now she needs to stay at home to take care of him. His father works as a casual laborer, cutting down overgrown trees and bushes around homes. Humphrey’s parents have been unable to raise the required funds for his surgery. For $805, we can provide Humphrey with a spina bifida closure, which will surgically correct his spina bifida. “Humphrey’s treatment will ensure that he is no longer at risk of infections and will have a normal and healthy life,” explains AMHF.
“I am still young and I hope to be able to work and have my own family,” says James, filled with hope. Meet James, a 33-year-old young man from Kenya. James used to work as a bus conductor, a job that took care of his basic needs. In 2014, James was involved in a hit and run road traffic accident, which resulted in a fractured tibia. He is in pain and is unable to use his right leg. James was taken to a hospital where the surgeon advised he undergo an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) surgery. The surgery has not been done because James cannot afford it as he is no longer working due to his broken leg. If not treated, the bones will fail to unite completely and James will be unable to walk and earn a living. For $1,125, James will receive the ORIF surgery. “We expect after an ORIF, the bones will unite and James will be able to use his legs again,” our medical partner, African Mission Healthcare Foundation, begins to explain. “James will be able to work so that he can support himself and also achieve his dream of raising a family.” Let’s give James the treatment he needs to continue living his life!
“My daughter’s condition has caused me much stress and worry. I am really worried that the mass will grow and cover my baby’s eye and give her long-term problems. I really want my daughter to be completely healthy and have a better life than we have,” says Wan Nam’s mother. Wan Nam, a seven-month-old girl from Thailand, has a benign tumor below her left eye. After receiving a CT scan, Wan Nam’s doctors decided that she would need surgery to have the bump removed. "Although it doesn’t currently cause her any physical discomfort it could grow larger and further obstruct her development," they explain. Wan Nam’s “father works as a construction laborer and her mother is a full-time care giver," continues our medical partner. The family, though, is unable to afford treatment. For $1500, we can pay to remove Wan Nam’s mass. “She will be able to grow up as a normal, healthy baby and her parents will be able to stop worrying about her condition," her doctors say.
"Jackson was born with congenital deformity of the feet," his doctors write, "which later on will affect his gait and restrict his mobility if not treated." Jackson is a baby boy from Tanzania who was born with clubfoot, a condition which causes his feet to grow inwards instead of straight, and makes walking painful. "Jackson’s parents badly need financial support so that their son can get the help he needs," Jackson's medical team says. "They rely on farming and that does not bring in enough cash to cover their basic needs as well as Jackson’s treatment. Jackson is very active. He likes to jump on her mother’s laps and enjoys to be carried around." Jackson's mother adds, “Our hope is for our son to be able to walk when the time comes. Being able to walk properly will give him the freedom to walk to school and the ability to do other things with ease." With $1,160, we can fund Jackson's surgery, repair his feet, and enable him to get a healthy start at life -- and one day, school!
Meet three-year-old Martin from Kenya. He is the only child to his young mother, who is also supported by her parents so she can care for her baby boy. Recently Martin had an accident and burned his left leg. "Martin’s mother had lit a kerosene lamp one day and placed it next to the bed where Martin was sleeping," our medical partner, African Mission Healthcare Foundation (AMHF), tells us. "She rushed to a nearby shop and when she returned she found that the lamp had fallen on the bed. Neighbors came in and assisted in putting out the blaze before rushing baby Martin to the hospital." The burn on Martin's leg is making it difficult for him to walk. But for $1125 surgeons at AMHF's hospital will be able to perform a contracture release surgery. "We expect that Martin will be able to walk well after the surgery and he will live a normal life," the AMHF team writes about expected outcomes for Martin if the procedure is performed. “I want my son to walk normally again," says Martin's mother hopefully. Let's turn her hope into a reality by funding Martin's care. | <urn:uuid:eb981e78-3063-486a-816d-08703dcf11e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://watsi.org/donor/8449f09c9542 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.985356 | 1,857 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Potatoes like a slightly acid soil, pH of around 5.0 but will grow in a range from 5.0 to 6.5. Common potato scab (brown cork like tissue on surface of tubers) can be a problem if the soil pH levels are on the alkaline or "sweet" side.
However while maintaining low-pH soils levels provide good control of common scab there are certain disadvantages in doing so. Plant nutrients are most available at soil pH levels near 6.5. making it necessary to use more fertilizer to achieve the required nutrient levels when down around 5.0 - 5.2. Also there are few vegetable crops that grow well at this low pH level so limiting any crop that can be planted after the potatoes are harvest. Better control of this and other potato problems are achieved by planting tubers of resistant varieties and maintaining good crop rotation.
If you are lucky enough to have access to animal manures, aged or composted manures are the best. Nutrient quality and quantities can vary a lot, with the age and storage method being two of the most important. No matter what the quality of the manure, there is still enormous value as far as providing the soil microbes with material they need to build fertility.
Manures are best added to the soil in the fall before planting to allow the soil microbes time to do their magic, breaking it down into usable nutrients. Spread the manure over the garden before folding it into the top 6-8 inches (15-20 cm ) of soil with a plough, rotary tiller-hoe or shovel.
For which manures are best for fertilizing potatoes go to the animal manures section in organic garden fertilizer
Any average soil will grow a reasonable crop of spuds, but as with all vegetables, potatoes respond well to the right nutrients. They are especially fond of rich organic soils so for those gardeners who don’t have access to animal manures the next best thing to add to the potato patch is compost
Getting the best crop of potatoes starts with good soil preparation. There is no better way to do this than by sheet composting your intended potato patch the summer before your next crop. This is a simple task of adding a good 6-12 inches (15-30 cm) or more if you have it, of organic material to the garden and leaving it to decompose. Dig it all in two weeks before planting and reap the best crop you have ever harvested.
Root crops don't require heavy applications of nitrogen because that will only develop a great crop of potato plants with poor tuber growth. Phosphorus and more important potassium, is needed to grow and maintain a good crop of spuds. Using any fertilizer with high phosphorus-potassium to nitrogen content will do them well.
Not everybody has the time or materials available for adding animal manures or sheet composting, all is not lost. You can still produce and excellent crop by using a good quality All-Purpose 5-5-5 Organic Fertilizer when the garden bed is being prepared and later on as a side dressing.
Potatoes go through five stages of growth, sprouting, vegetative, tuber initiation, tuber bulking, and maturing. It is during the tuber initiation stage that potatoes will form on the roots and the point when side dressing is going to be most effective. This stage is marked above ground by heavier leaf growth and more apparent, the forming of flowers. | <urn:uuid:c2ec41cb-399f-4b17-a790-908773985707> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bettervegetablegardening.com/fertilizing-potatoes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00136-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939293 | 706 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Motherhood is often called the greatest job and responsibility that a women can embark on. However, mothers who balance work AND family often struggle, and find themselves wrapped in a ball of stress and guilt. For many women, staying home to raise their children simply isn’t a financial option. For others, it may be a personal choice to continue or begin pursuing a career while being a parent.
There’s no right or wrong to it, but there is a balance that needs to happen for both mom and family to have their needs met across the board. This can be overwhelming, and seemingly hard to achieve on a regular basis. But, it is possible. So let’s go over some tips for finding work-family balance…
1. Choose Childcare Wisely
One of the best decisions you can make for your child(ren) is who will be caring for them and where they’ll be cared for while you’re at work. This isn’t just to keep your children happy, but also to keep your mind at ease. A great way to start the process is to take time to research, as well as talk to other parents for advice.
Try and stay connected with your child’s caregivers/teachers so that you can be involved in their everyday, even while you’re away at work. You want to build a “team” relationship with the caregivers in your child’s life. There’s no room for jealousy when your child accidentally calls their teacher “mom”. Just be happy that your child feels comfort while you’re at work. You’re the only one who can truly hold the title of mom, anyhow. | <urn:uuid:9506429e-94d2-42f0-b44a-2e1e0505bafd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://admin.www.activebeat.com/your-health/children/8-tips-for-moms-to-successfully-balance-work-and-family/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.965114 | 357 | 1.515625 | 2 |
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Out of the Past - Resource Guide
Why LGBT History and Out of the Past?
It is crucial for all people to understand the past and possible contributions of all others, including LGBT individuals. By recognizing the accomplishments of LGBT people in our common history, we are also recognizing that LGBT history affects all of us. Traditionally these people, their accomplishments and the important shaping factors in their lives have been left out of history classes. LGBT students are constantly being taught a history that does not reflect the accomplishments of LGBT individuals. A person who does not see themselves in the great achievements of history is taught that society has no place for their efforts.
Currently, there are increased efforts to incorporate LGBT history into lessons. Out of the Past is a great tool to bring past LGBT history into the present. This documentary tells some of the many stories that have been left out of our textbooks, while following the story of a young American who is making history today. Individual portraits from nearly 400 years of American history illustrate the changing place of LGBT people in U.S. society.
Using Out of the Past:
- Show Out of the Past at a large assembly. This can be a good option because it can get the school community talking about LGBT history. Talk to a teacher or administrator about showing the film in front of the student body.
- Ask your history teacher to use the resource in their classroom. Explain to them that including LGBT figures in their lessons will enhance all students understanding of history.
- Show clips in a GSA meeting. Use the time after the clips to talk about why learning about LGBT historical figures is important to you.
After viewing the film, ask students to list words that people associate with LGBT people. Explain that this is an exercise in understanding social attitudes. Ask them to “brainstorm” these words, but they do not need to believe these words are accurate. Then, use the other side of the board to make a second list. Ask students to identify what qualities made the LGBT leaders in the film able to accomplish great things.
Have a general discussion! Ask students to identify people outside of the school who are LGBT identified. Then ask students how they have positively impacted our country. | <urn:uuid:e58536d1-b871-4e7e-baa7-cab1e3ec3bfd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.glsen.org/GSA/out-past-resource-guide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00249-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968741 | 451 | 4.09375 | 4 |
Gonzales to Endorse Patriot Act ‘Modifications’
The Justice Department has decided to endorse “technical modifications” in a much-debated section of the USA Patriot Act, a Justice official said Monday.
The modifications include new language to ensure that individuals who hold records sought in terror investigations have the right to consult with lawyers, the official said.
The proposed revisions, which U.S. Atty. Gen. Alberto R. Gonzales will outline at a Senate hearing this morning, would affect Section 215 of the Patriot Act, the anti-terrorism law that Congress enacted in the weeks after the Sept. 11 attacks.
Gonzales is also expected to propose a tightening of the legal standard in Section 215 to make it clear that prosecutors must prove to a judge that the documents requested are “relevant” to a terror investigation before making the request.
Section 215, which makes it easier for the government to obtain business and other records in terror investigations, has drawn widespread criticism. Librarians have expressed concern that the provision was being used to probe the reading habits of ordinary citizens.
The section includes a gag order that subjects recipients of document requests to possible criminal prosecution if they disclose the request to others. Critics of the legislation have said the provision could be construed as prohibiting communication with lawyers.
The Justice Department official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said the proposed changes were “consistent with past department positions.” He said Gonzales believed that “providing specificity and reducing ambiguity will help strengthen the law.”
Congress this week is launching what is expected to be a months-long review of the Patriot Act. Section 215 is one of more than a dozen that will expire at the end of the year unless Congress renews them.
Unlike his predecessor, John Ashcroft, Gonzales has indicated that he is willing to engage critics of the law and consider changing the act, which has been assailed for giving the government too much power and sacrificing civil liberties.
Critics of the act said late Monday that they considered the proposed changes in the wording of Section 215 to be symbolic and that the revisions had already been implemented in practice. Critics want the act’s scope be limited to include only specific identified targets of terror investigations, instead of the wide net now cast in such probes. | <urn:uuid:c11c3ffb-45f1-465f-a518-74fa98f0259a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-apr-05-na-patriot5-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.961191 | 476 | 1.710938 | 2 |
To an outsider like myself, who happened to be on hand to see Mussolini, Clara Petacci, Pavolini Starace, and some of the other Fascists dangling by their heels from a rusty beam in front of a gas station, the breathless, bloody scene had an air of inevitability. You had the feeling, as you have at the final curtain of a good play, that events could not have been otherwise. In many people’s minds, I think, the embellishments of this upheaval—thousands of Partisans firing their machine guns into the air, Fascist bodies lying in a heap along side the gas station, the enormous pressing crowd—have been overemphasized and its essential dignity and purpose have been overlooked. This is best illustrated by the execution of Starace … who was brought into the square in an open truck at about ten-thirty in the morning. Starace was taken out and placed near a white wall at the rear of the gas station… A firing squad of Partisans shot Satace in the back, and another Partisan, perched on a beam some twenty feet above the ground, turned toward the crowd in the square and made a broad gesture of finality, much like a highly dramatic umpire calling a man out at home plate. There were no roars or bloodcurdling yells; there was only silence, and then, suddenly, a sigh—a deep, moaning sound, seemingly expressive of release from something dark and fetid. The people in the square seemed to understand that this was a moment of both ending and beginning.
—Philip Hamburger, “Letter from Rome,” May 19, 1945 | <urn:uuid:28fff5cc-1ae3-4c0a-8083-f690ae612c7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newyorker.com/books/double-take/takes-death-of-a-dictator-1945 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.979776 | 342 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Last week, the Small Business Survival Committee (SBSC) released its eighth annual rankings of the states according to their respective policy climates for small business and entrepreneurship in the "Small Business Survival Index 2003."
In terms of their policy environments, the most entrepreneur-friendly states under the "Small Business Survival Index 200" are: 1) South Dakota, 2) Nevada, 3) Wyoming, 4) New Hampshire, 5) Florida, 6) Texas, 7) Tennessee, 8) Washington, 9) Michigan, 10) Mississippi, 11) Alabama, 12) Colorado, 13) Illinois, 14) Virginia, and 15) Indiana.
In contrast, the most anti-entrepreneur policy environments are offered by the following: 37) North Carolina, 38) Montana, 39) Ohio, 40) West Virginia, 41) Iowa, 42) Oregon, 43) New Mexico, 44) Vermont, 45) New York, 46) California, 47) Rhode Island, 48) Maine, 49) Minnesota, and 50) Hawaii.
According to SBSC chief economist Raymond J. Keating, author of the study, "The "Small Business Survival Index 2003" compares how governments in the states treat small businesses and entrepreneurs. Since small business serves as the backbone of the U.S. economy-for example, by providing the bulk of new jobs and being a font of innovation-every state and local lawmaker should be concerned with how their policies impact small business."
SBSC president Darrell McKigney added, "With small businesses creating some three-quarters of all net new jobs, everyone has an interest in knowing if their state’s government stands behind its small businesses – or is standing in the way."
The "Small Business Survival Index 2003" analyzes 21 major government-imposed or government-related costs affecting small businesses and entrepreneurs such as personal and business tax rates, property taxes, as well electricity and health care costs, and computes an overall rating. | <urn:uuid:2169404e-38ec-41c1-b8f4-d0561ae2df32> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.accountingweb.com/technology/trends/8th-annual-state-by-state-rankings-of-small-business-climates | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00139-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.887919 | 402 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu blasted Palestinian President Mahmoud's Abbas on Sunday after Abbas released a special message condemning the Holocaust as one of the most "heinous" crimes against humanity in modern history.
"Rather than releasing declarations aimed at soothing international public opinion, he must choose between Hamas and true peace," Netanyahu told ministers at the weekly cabinet meeting in Jerusalem.
Abbas, Netanyahu said, has "made a covenant" with the Hamas movement, which "denies the Holocaust and is attempting to create another Holocaust by destroying the state of Israel," Netanyahu said, adding that he "hope[s] [Abbas] will escape this covenant and return to the path of real peace."
In Abbas' statement, published on the website of the official Palestinian news agency WAFA in both Arabic and English, he offered his sympathy to the "families of the victims and the innocent people who were killed by the Nazis including the Jews and others."
This is the first time a Palestinian president has ever made such a public declaration.
The Holocaust, Abbas said, represents the "concept of ethnic discrimination and racism which the Palestinians strongly reject and act against."
Abbas also called on the international community to do whatever it can to combat racism and injustice in order "to bring justice and equity to the oppressed people wherever they are."
"The Palestinian people are suffering from injustice, oppression and denied freedom and peace, we are the first to demand to lift the injustice and racism that befell on people subjected to such crimes," Abbas said.
"On this occasion, we call on the Israeli government to seize this current opportunity to conclude a just and comprehensive peace in the region, based on the two-states vision - Israel and Palestine [living] side by side in peace and security," he said.
Haaretz reported last week that Abbas was due to release the message to the Jewish people ahead of the Israeli memorial day, which begins at sundown on Sunday.
Abbas promised to issue such a statement at a meeting last week in Ramallah with Schneier, former vice-president of the World Jewish Congress and head of the Foundation for Ethnic Understanding.
"I heard what was said about Abbas' attitude toward the Holocaust, but was surprised to hear how clear he was on this issue when meeting me," Schneier told Haaretz.
A number of senior Israeli officials, including Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman and Strategic and Intelligence Affairs Minister Yuval Steinitz, have declared over the past year that Abbas is anti-Semitic and a Holocaust denier. Their claims were based on Abbas' doctoral thesis from the University of Moscow, which asserted cooperation between elements in the Zionist Movement and Nazi Germany in the years before the Holocaust.
Abbas had since retracted these claims. In interviews he gave in recent years he maintained that he was not denying the Holocaust and that he recognizes the fact that six million Jews were killed during World War II.
Want to enjoy 'Zen' reading - with no ads and just the article? Subscribe todaySubscribe now | <urn:uuid:7691bc4b-1e0f-400a-addc-db1f90fb2918> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.587623 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717954.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00508-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970685 | 611 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Passing the buck on fuel economy
Instead of ensuring that we use less gas, politicians and consumers take the easy way out, says Fortune's Alex Taylor.
NEW YORK (Fortune) -- President Bush thinks we should use less gasoline to reduce our dependency on imported oil and limit the emissions of greenhouse gasses. That's a worthy idea, and one that is endorsed by most politicians and a majority of Americans.
But rather than change their behavior or make any sacrifices to actually accomplish this, Americans would rather shift the responsibility onto somebody else. In this case, it's the auto companies - and it's a mistake.
Bush is right about one thing: Since Americans aren't willing to conserve gasoline on their own, the government should step in. Consumers talk a good game about fuel economy before they arrive at the showroom. But they get dazzled by glitzier features when they walk into a dealership.
"Customers will trade five miles per gallon to get fancy cupholders," says Mike Jackson, head of AutoNation, the country's largest auto retailer.
Want proof? Back in 2000, when gasoline was the cheapest liquid around, fuel economy ranked as the 29th most important attribute in buying a car. Today, when gas costs as much as $3.25 a gallon, good mileage still ranks only 22nd. Sound systems and convenience features rank higher as purchase considerations.
But rather than giving consumers an incentive to change their buying habits, Bush wants to force automakers to build more fuel efficient cars by raising the corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards for passenger cars and light trucks.
By so doing, though, Bush is reviving an urban legend that the technology is cheaply available if only the lazy old automakers would bother to use it.
We should be so lucky. Making people save gas by buying thriftier cars, as General Motors executive Bob Lutz has said, is like telling people to lose weight by wearing smaller clothes. Yes, the technology is available - but at a cost.
For small cars, it might be enough to add aluminum body parts or a more efficient CVT transmission to boost fuel economy. Larger vehicles might require reengineering from the tires up at a cost of $5,000 to $6,000 a car, according to GM (Charts). And given consumers' consistent pattern of behavior, they are still likely to buy the biggest, most powerful cars they can afford.
Another solution proposed by Bush is to increase the use of gasoline blended from ethanol. True, less gasoline would be consumed, but so much energy is required to make ethanol in the first place that there would be no appreciable net savings. Besides, ethanol is a much less efficient store of energy than gasoline, so the miles traveled per gallon of fuel consumed drops by 30 percent.
If Bush wanted some guidance on how to quickly and efficiently meet his goals, he need only look to Europe and Japan, where the motor vehicle fleets get dramatically better mileage than they do in the United States. Cars average 36 mpg in Europe and 31 mpg in Japan vs. only 21 mpg in the United States.
The reason is simple: Higher taxes force drivers to pay more for gas. Taxes add $4 to the price of a gallon of gas in Europe and $3.25 in Japan, but only 40 cents or so in the United States.
Raising taxes in the United States, say, ten cents a year until they reach $2, would stop people from driving their Hummers to get a quart of milk. For those who would be economically impacted, the extra money they pay in gas taxes could be returned to them as a tax rebate.
But any system so simple and so fair hasn't got a prayer of becoming law in the current political climate, where politicians quake at the thought of asking voters to make sacrifices. And without incentives, consumers will continue to choose cupholders over good citizenship.
In the meantime, other interested parties are filling the breach. Last week, AutoNation became the first retailer to identify the vehicles that lead their classes in fuel efficiency. It will attach a green, leaf-shaped logo to all cars and trucks that produce at least 28 mpg or beat the average mileage in their class by 10 percent.
At least ignorance of mileage will no longer be an excuse for wasting gas. | <urn:uuid:873d23d7-1c8a-4b9a-983b-2f9d276697c7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://archive.fortune.com/2007/04/09/autos/pluggedin_taylor_fueleconomy.fortune/index.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00055-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955827 | 887 | 2.125 | 2 |
- Product Description
An analysis of the role of "Peaceweaver" and "Goader" in the Beowulf as well as a discussion of how each of the female characters fits into one of these two archetype. The role of women as bringers of war and soothers of tension is analyzed as it relates to previous influential stories of the period before being contrasted with the characters of Beowulf. The role of women is then analyzed under a feminist lens to determine whether or not these two roles were empowering or demeaning.
|Number of Pages||52|
|Country of Manufacture||India|
|Product Brand||LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing|
|Product Packaging Info||Box|
|In The Box||1 Piece|
|Product First Available On ClickOnCare.com||2015-07-28 00:00:00| | <urn:uuid:89a1f204-c974-4562-8fe9-cb86c999b66c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.clickoncare.com/a-feminist-critique-of-beowulf | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00008-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.818246 | 184 | 2.34375 | 2 |
religious literature, and the individual gods, with full indices. Reviewed1,
by Wiedemann, 0. L. Z. 1904, 145.
Wiedemann has contributed an elaborate article on the Egyptian?
religion to the "extra volume " of Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible.
Loret has contributed to the Revue Egyptologique xi. 69 an elaborate-
paper containing suggestions as to the primitive forms of certain Egyptian
cults with a view to explaining the origin of the sign ntr.
Review of Moret's Garactere religieux de la royautJ pharaonique by
Hubert. Rev. Arch., iv. ser. iii. 429.
Kristensen has written an article on the Egyptian religion concerning
the double functions of the deities as dead and alive, belonging to the
Upper and Under Worlds respectively, the living proceeding from the dead,
and the dead being the real source of life. Kings being divine partake of this
dual nature, and their Z-a-name is written within the representation of a
tomb ; even the cartouche oval l'epresents the outline of sarcophagi, at least
such a conclusion is suggested by the royal tombs of the New Kingdom.
The function of the gods is mainly to protect and renew the life of the dead.
Theol, TijdsJerift xxxviii. 233.
Petrie suggests that the animal gods have their names in a plural form.
P. S. B. A. xxvi. 113.
Palanque has written a monograph on the Nile, Le Nil a Vepoque
Pharaonique, son role et son culte en TSgypte, published in the Bihliotheque
de VEcole des Hautes Etudes, describing the beliefs of the Egyptians
regarding it, the festivals of the Nile at different periods, and the worship
of the Nile.
Breasted collects the names of Aten temples and foundations in Egypt
and Nubia, the most curious being G-em-aton in Nubia, which survived till
the sixth century b.c., though the local god was changed to Amon. The
writer notes that Kary, the southern limit of the empire of Amenhotep III.,
is identical with Napata, just below the Fourth Cataract. A. Z. xl. 106.
BlSSiNG on the cult of the obelisk, Rec. de Trav. xxv. 184; a Middle
Kingdom prayer to Khentkhety of Athribis. A. Z. xl. 145.
Spiegelberg, important paper on the worship of staves and wands in
Egypt, Rec. de Trav. xxv. 184, on titles and names of Apis and Mnevis,
Isis Neferses, and the god Mestasutmis, ib. xxvi. 44, 55, 56, and on the frog
as a symbol of resurrection, in Egyptian literature. Jacoby following with
an article on the same in later literature. Sphinx vii. 215.
Lefebyre, a discovery of tombs with small coffins containing figures of
Osiris, grouped round a rock at Tehneh. Ann. iv. 227.
Tueaieff has published two texts from the British Museum relating | <urn:uuid:fc29a106-e22e-486c-8b67-56d0b1a08d43> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/archaeological_report1903_1904/0067/text_ocr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00411-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.845508 | 723 | 2.984375 | 3 |
From the President
Kevin Rea's speech from his Installation ceremony as 12th president of Wyoming Seminary.
Welcome to Wyoming Seminary
Welcome to Wyoming Seminary where we believe deeply in the beauty of passionate individuality. In his recent book “Excellent Sheep” William Deresiewicz observed that many contemporary schools funnel students into pre-ordained identities. At Sem we encourage students to seek their authentic voice, to be, as one of our parents described it, “comfortable in their own skin.”
We proudly encourage students to seek out and embrace what makes them unique. Perhaps this results from our confident history as one of America’s oldest continuously coeducational boarding schools, founded in 1844 at a time when schools with high moral aspirations were called “seminaries.” Or it could result from our location, nestled in northeast Pennsylvania’s beautiful Wyoming valley, known as “the valley with a heart,” where a safe, family oriented environment supports self-discovery. Wyoming Seminary’s picturesque setting includes buildings on the National Register of Historic places as well as a state of the art 600-seat Kirby Center for the Creative Arts, which recently hosted the 2015 Pulitzer Prize Winning oratorio, “Anthracite Fields.” Our students thrive in the small city environments of Kingston and Wilkes-Barre only two hours from New York City and Philadelphia.
At Sem we appreciate the beauty of compelling individuals with original ideas. Our outstanding faculty delivers a stimulating lineup of classes, including an impressive array of creative electives that support independent thought. Here you will find that one of the lead actors in the school musical is also President of the “Nerdvana” club and that one of our top, nationally ranked wrestlers also has expressed a passionate interest in pottery.
After graduation Sem graduates span the globe. Our international alumni base includes courageous, independent thinkers: a former U.S. Poet Laureate, professionals who have worked in both the Reagan and Clinton White Houses, and American developmental psychologist Howard Gardner, creator of the theory of multiple intelligences.
With three children in Sem’s Lower School, I appreciate the beauty of this school as a parent as well as a teacher and administrator. I encourage you to visit us (www.wyomingseminary.org) and discover what makes Wyoming Seminary such a memorable place for families and their children.
Read the latest from President Rea in his blog:
The President's Blog
This is the keynote speech that Wyoming Seminary President Kevin Rea gave at the historic Battle of Wyoming ceremony on July 4, 2016 at the Wyoming Monument in Wyoming, Pa.:
Thank you Ruth for that gracious introduction. I would also like to thank Frank Conyngham, Steve Killian, Bill Lewis, …
I wonder if you noticed the findings of a recent report from Harvard University’s Graduate School of Education, which is currently wending its way through the online universe. The story is easily missed in the waves of information that wash over us daily. The report, titled “Turning the …
Welcome to Wyoming Seminary where we believe deeply in the beauty of passionate individuality. In his recent book “Excellent Sheep” William Deresiewicz observed that many contemporary schools funnel students into pre-ordained identities. At Sem we encourage students to seek …
Choose groups to clone to: | <urn:uuid:77aa5784-7a35-4d50-ad7a-d22dbfd1c9f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.wyomingseminary.org/page.cfm?p=1949 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00546-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963267 | 704 | 1.53125 | 2 |
A retirement bucket strategy is an investment approach that segregates sources of income into three buckets. Each bucket has a defined purpose based on when the money is for immediate, intermediate, and long-term. The idea behind this strategy is to have access to cash in the short term, so the person will not have to worry about the fluctuations in the stock market.
How to Use the Retirement Bucket Strategy
To benefit from the retirement bucket strategy, it is essential to follow specific plans for each bucket. Here is how to manage each bucket and how much money to add to each bucket.
The Immediate Bucket
Cash and other liquid investments belong in the immediate bucket. These investments include short-term CDs, U.S. T-bills, and high-yield savings accounts. Fill this bucket with liquid investments, which are converted into cash. While earning interest on these funds is appealing, the main focus is managing risk and ensuring that the money is there whenever needed.
The Intermediate Bucket
This intermediate bucket covers expenses from Year 3 to Year 10 of retirement. Money in the intermediate bucket should continue growing to keep pace with inflation—however, it is essential to avoid investing in high-risk assets.
The Long-Term Bucket
Long-term investments mimic historical stock market returns. These assets grow a nest egg more than inflation while refilling the last buckets. Long-term buckets are invested in riskier assets that may be volatile but have growth potential over ten years or more.
How to Maintain the Retirement Bucket Strategy
While the retirement bucket strategy informs where one should hold money, it is not a complete strategy. It does not mention what types of investments to hold, the rate to withdraw, or how to rebalance them. This retirement bucket strategy does not advise selling some of the long-term to manage risk and capture some of those gains. For this reason, experts recommend a rebalancing strategy on top of the bucket strategy.
The retirement bucket strategy withstands short-term dips in the market to prevent investors from selling low to cover monthly expenses. The strategy has shortcomings that require the layering of additional strategies to manage risk.
This blog/website is only made available for educational purposes. It is designed to give visitors general information and a general understanding of select financial topics. It is not intended to provide specific financial or investment advice. Conduct your own due diligence or consult a licensed financial advisor/broker before making any and all financial/investment decisions. | <urn:uuid:ff10cb92-b8a5-4794-a84e-09a037bebcae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brooklynnchandlerwilly.com/what-is-the-retirement-bucket-strategy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.943833 | 508 | 1.53125 | 2 |
2 entries found for psalm.
To select an entry, click on it.
Main Entry: psalm
Pronunciation: säm, sälm
Etymology: Old English psealm "psalm," from Latin psalmus (same meaning), from Greek psalmos "psalm," literally, "twanging of a harp," from psallein "to pluck, play a stringed musical instrument" 1: a sacred song or poem 2capitalized: one of the hymns that make up the Old Testament Book of Psalms Word History The Greek word psallein originally meant "to pull" or "to pluck." It then came to be used with the meaning "to play a stringed musical instrument." From this verb came the noun psalmos, which literally meant "the twanging of a harp." Since harp music often accompanied singing, psalmos took on the meaning of "a song sung to harp music" and later simply "a song or poem." It was borrowed into Latin as psalmus and came into English as psalm. | <urn:uuid:6c73c5a4-2407-4ca7-9b14-e1a353a5ac8a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wordcentral.com/cgi-bin/student?Psalms | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00277-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949954 | 233 | 3.328125 | 3 |
(Washington, D.C., May 31, 2022)–A B’nai B’rith International leadership delegation has met with Pope Francis at the Vatican. Led by B’nai B’rith President Seth J. Riklin and CEO Daniel S. Mariaschin, the multinational delegation—one of the first of its kind since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic—sought to build upon strides in Catholic-Jewish relations and further advance peace and partnership in the Middle East.
The delegation also met with Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio, with other officials and diplomats, and with the leadership of the Italian Jewish community.
In remarks to B’nai B’rith, which he said has been “tirelessly committed to humanitarian causes,” Pope Francis urged “remembrance of the Shoah,” adding: “Even before I became Pope, the promotion and deepening of Jewish-Catholic dialogue was something close to my heart.”
In formal remarks, B’nai B’rith urged active support for the expansion of the Abraham Accords, which has widened the circle of peace between Israel and Arab countries; called out Iran for threatening the very annihilation of the Jewish state; and positively cited governments’ adoption of an International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance working definition of anti-Semitism that includes prevalent contemporary forms of the scourge.
Israel’s protection of minorities’ religious liberty in Jerusalem was also noted. The day prior, on Jerusalem Day—the 55th anniversary of the reunification of the eternal capital city of the Jewish people—B’nai B’rith delegates visited the Arch of Titus, which depicts the ancient Romans’ despoiling of the Temple in Jerusalem.
The delegation visit was coordinated by B’nai B’rith’s Office of Intercommunal Affairs. Excerpts of Riklin’s remarks to the pontiff follow.
“As President of B’nai B’rith International—the oldest Jewish communal organization, founded in 1843 in New York, an organization that is profoundly committed to interreligious dialogue and partnership—it is my great honor, on behalf of our brothers and sisters across six continents, to give you our heartfelt thanks for receiving us today…
Our world is one of seemingly endless and distressing challenges: Brutal, senseless conflict, including the nearby war in Ukraine; the scourge of hunger that the war has exacerbated; and political extremism and polarization around the world—to name just a few acute problems facing the human family. In my own state of Texas, we are deeply grieving because of the senseless tragedy in Uvalde resulting from the failure to provide access to mental health care and the proliferation of guns of war in the hands of ordinary citizens. All of God’s children have suffered two years of a frightening pandemic that has taken millions of lives—and left countless survivors behind to mourn. It is easy to feel a sense of despair.
But this time that we share today can be a much-needed source of real hope, even inspiration, to people of faith around the world. As during previous audiences that we have been fortunate to have with you and your predecessors, we cannot but marvel at the blessed and bold transformation in Catholic-Jewish relations that has occurred in a short period of time. To the brave heroes who are responsible for this historic transformation, we can only offer our enduring gratitude. From clergy to laypeople to seminarians, the work of strengthening our sacred friendship continues—founded upon the indelible bonds of our two religions.
Outside of Christian-Jewish relations as well, today we can find growing cause for optimism. B’nai B’rith leaders have recently returned from missions to important Arab countries, including the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, in support of the fittingly named Abraham Accords. The signatories to those Accords have made the principled choice of peace and mutual acceptance with Israel, resulting in wide-ranging cooperation and engagement between their peoples. There has been a growing realization that the political strategies of the past have failed to solve the problems facing the Middle East. Through this realization, the people of these countries, Muslims and Jews together, have found the core values that they share, that they are indeed ‘cousins,’ and, as a result, we are now beginning to see how much our familial faiths can achieve together.
All of us should support this reconciliation and encourage its expansion—for the sake of all people!
Sadly, it cannot be denied that some malevolent forces are determined to create and widen divisions amongst peoples through all forms of bigotry and hate, using incitement to cause violence and conflict. Despite the very small size of the Jewish people, anti-Semitism remains one of the most virulent hatreds, online and in real life. Despite the very small size of Israel, the citizens of the Middle East’s only pluralistic democracy continue to be demonized, delegitimized and subjected to violent terror attacks.
Today, Iran’s government continues to openly pledge the very annihilation of Israel and to fund proxies’ continued threats to and attacks upon Israel. Despite this effort, Israel continues to undertake great sacrifices and risks for peace, and even maintains Muslim administration of Judaism’s single holiest place in Jerusalem.
Yet at the United Nations, Israel has been condemned more than all other countries combined, a means to distract from other countries’ human rights violations. Yet, there has been progress. Thankfully, a long list of countries have adopted the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, or IHRA, working definition of anti-Semitism. The definition critically identifies prejudice against Jews both as a faith group and as an ancient but living people.
Your Holiness, we hope that all people will stand together against anti-Semitism, against anti-Christian discrimination and against intolerance directed at Muslims. In recognition of our common home and common destiny, let us protect the environment, care for the most vulnerable and promote mutual understanding rather than mutual recrimination.” | <urn:uuid:7ab73340-2be7-4f85-9b08-b31083fa7a29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bnaibrith.org/bnai-brith-meets-pope-francis-promotes-further-reconciliation-in-the-middle-east/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.946744 | 1,253 | 1.59375 | 2 |
As cities across the globe confront rapid change, they face common metabolic challenges to provide Food, Water and Energy (FWE) supplies. IN-SOURCE is based on three case studies in Ludwigsburg (Germany), New York (US) and Vienna (Austria), and will examine scenarios for an integrated CO2-neutral and sustainable infrastructure as well as the scalability and transferability of prototype solutions to other cities.
Development and application of tools for case studies in order to quantitatively assess the predicted impact of changes in urban land use due to population, climate change, the energy transition and the challenges of providing a truly resilient infrastructure.
- Using a bottom up approach to model urban system development, combining aggregated results with large scale (mainly regional, up to national) system models
- Involving urban stakeholders throughout the process, including generating indicators and data, developing tools to model and visualize the impacts and contributing to shaping strategies
- Considering urban challenges in very different case studies and thus improving the transferability of the local results to global urban areas
Expected results and impacts
- CityGML Application Domain Extensions (ADE) will be made available as an open specification, allowing any interested institution to adopt it and develop data resources in a shared data model
- Stakeholder involved as working consortia for collaborative planning of local FWE infrastructure projects
- Creation of shared urban data and modeling framework with specialized tools for applications in food, energy and water interactions
- Methodology and software tool set will be made available for use by further cities and regions
Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart, New York Institute of Technology, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, City University of New York, Landkreis Ludwigsburg, Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt, bw-engineers GmbH | <urn:uuid:f36d12b0-2372-4bac-a4ea-6d44b9f6aa6d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.water-energy-food.org/es/resources/project-in-source-integrated-analysis-and-modelling-for-the-management-of-sustainable-urban-fwe-resources | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.878901 | 388 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The Arctic high pressure system that has brought such an improvement in the weather is still with us, heralding perfect conditions for a trek to the most spectacular stretch of geology along this entire coastline! Today we’re heading down to what my colleague, Graham Young, has called the “Ancient Shore” (the name he has also conferred on his erudite, evocative, and always entertaining blog: http://ancientshore.com/about/). Here, through a serendipitous series of natural processes, the rocky shoreline of an Ordovician island is magnificently exposed along the rugged coast of Hudson Bay. It’s a stunning juxtaposition – a modern shore upon an ancient one – and fossils preserved in Upper Ordovician rocks here afford us unparalleled opportunities to study the diversity and ecology of life in a shallow coastal sea 445 million years ago. This is the place that first drew us to Churchill 15 years ago, and to which we eagerly return as often as possible.
The crew hikes in across the prominent ridge of Proterozoic (2500 million-year-old) quartzites that formed the backbone of an island archipelago in Late Ordovician time, about 445 million years ago.
Cresting the ridge brings the subarctic waters of modern Hudson Bay into view. Almost half-a-billion years earlier the vista may have looked much the same, had any complex land-based animals been around to see it! But the Ordovician world was very different biologically, geographically, and in many other ways. The ancient continent of Laurentia (which forms the core of what we call North America today) was rotated clockwise 90 degrees astride the equator, and the highest global sea levels ever recorded brought warm marine waters teeming with invertebrate animals and simple aquatic plants to the very centre of Laurentia.
Graham (facing) briefs the troops. Behind him rise the cliffs of ancient quartzite that would have formed a bleak, rocky island in the Ordovician sea. He, Sean (left) and Debbie (middle) stand on buff-coloured Ordovician dolostones formed from sediments deposited just off-shore of the island. On the right, Matt steps onto a grey quartzite boulder that eroded from the cliff and tumbled into the sea during Ordovician time. It, like thousands of others here, was enveloped by the accumulating Ordovician sediments. Fossils in the dolostones record the life that flourished 445 million years ago in shallow, warm waters along this boulder-strewn island shore.
My own reason for re-visiting the site is to observe the effects of active shoreline erosion on some particularly interesting fossils – complex trackways made by large trilobites as they foraged on the shallow Ordovician sea floor. We’ve been documenting and analyzing these trace fossils since 1998, but surf, sand, and ice take a relentless toll on the relatively soft carbonate host rocks. Even the most prominent traces are being slowly ground away. In 2002 we made latex moulds of a few critically important examples – this year we find some of those traces have all but disappeared.
A large trilobite trackway in Upper Ordovician dolostone – these faint trace fossils are exposed to intense erosion in the intertidal zone and will eventually disappear altogether.
Part of the rocky "ancient shore" showing the very tough Proterozoic quartzite boulders standing in relief amongst younger and softer Ordovician dolostones. At high tide, this whole section is covered by the shallow waters of Hudson Bay, mimicking the scene as it would have appeared 445 million years ago. We can even find hints of broad wave ripples in the Ordovician rocks ... just like those seen in modern sands that now mantle the outcrop in places.
Left - A colonial coral fossil, one of many hundreds here that have been mapped and studied by Graham Young and his colleague Bob Elias (University of Manitoba) in a long-term project to document the diversity and distribution of corals along the ancient shore. Right - Part of a recently exposed head shield (cephalon) of the trilobite Isotelus rex. In 2003, we named and described this species based on a complete specimen found a few tens of metres away … at almost 70 cm long, it still stands as the world's largest known trilobite.
We continue our morning traverse of this extraordinary site along the low tide line, crossing the exposed Ordovician boulder field and then a lengthy stretch covered by loose sand and more recently eroded quartzite blocks and cobbles.
At the end of the embayment there is a broad, horizontal bench of quartzite that may well have been a wave-cut platform 445 million years ago – now it provides a brief rest stop before the long walk back, this time hugging the base of the exquisitely sculpted cliffs. Occasionally we run across narrow vertical fissures in the dense grey quartzite where remnant patches of fossiliferous Ordovician dolostone still shelter tenaciously.
The crew pauses for a breather on the quartzite "bench" – veins of pale quartz fill secondary fracture systems.
A pair of vertical fissures in the cliff face containing fossiliferous Ordovician sediments and rounded fragments of quartzite ... little outliers of more extensive deposits that have been eroded away.
We reluctantly wrap up our long hike along the “ancient shore” knowing full well that we will have to return in future years to continue the work here. The remainder of the day is taken up with a sweep of Cape Merry at the mouth of the Churchill River, continued sorting, labeling and wrapping of fossils, and a late evening drive to check a sampling site on the old rocket range south of the Churchill Northern Studies Centre. It’s been another very full day.
The "new" battery at Cape Merry (part of the Prince of Wales Fort National Historic Site), constructed by the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1747 and rebuilt from the original stone blocks just over 200 years later (1959-60).
Sorting, labeling, and wrapping fossils in the old Churchill Northern Studies Centre lab facility (photo (c) Graham Young, The Manitoba Museum). | <urn:uuid:3f3987ec-fdf3-4d13-9104-c0b40ee5c256> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rom.on.ca/en/blog/field-hudson-bay%E2%80%99s-ancient-treasures | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00551-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938821 | 1,303 | 2.953125 | 3 |
November 17 is Take a Hike Day! We’re not sure how Take a Hike Day came to be, but you can celebrate by meandering through your favorite nature spot, or by telling someone to “get lost” – whichever you prefer.
Hiking refers to walking in nature for recreational purposes, typically in a place that is scenic. This outdoor recreational activity has been known to have many health benefits including improving cardio-respiratory fitness, improving muscular fitness, lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels, weight loss, and improving mental health. Day hiking refers to hiking which can be completed within a single day, while backpacking is the term used for multi-day hikes which include camping in between. In more densely forested areas where vegetation must be cleared while taking your hike is called bushwhacking.
If you’re planning on going on a hike today make sure you bring these hiking essentials: water (to prevent possible dehydration), food, a map, a compass, and a backpack to carry any other items you may need. Comfortable walking shoes or hiking boots are a must as well! A hiking club known as The Mountaineers recommends bringing the Ten Essentials with you which also includes other survival items like a flashlight, a knife, and a first aid kit.
To see the 10 Best Hiking Spots in the United States, go here!
If you’d rather avoid nature and tell someone who’s annoying you to, “Take a hike!” then all we have to say is try not to be TOO mean about it…
Happy Take a Hike Day! | <urn:uuid:2007faf3-3930-4a45-a9ec-fb1fc55db650> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.calendars.com/tag/nature/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00507-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963138 | 335 | 2.5 | 2 |
- 1 Why is psychological safety a crucial component of a culture of safety in health care?
- 2 Why is psychological safety a crucial component of a culture of safety in health care?
- 3 Why is psychological safety a crucial component of a culture of safety in health care? – Related Questions
- 3.1 Why is a culture of safety important?
- 3.2 What does safety mean in nursing?
- 3.3 Which of the following is a trend in modern health care across industrialized nations?
- 3.4 What is meant by just culture?
- 3.5 What is an example of promoting a culture of safety?
- 3.6 What is the relationship between healthcare quality and safety?
- 3.7 Which of the following concepts is central to supporting a culture of safety?
- 3.8 What is the ultimate purpose of conducting RCA2 after an adverse event?
- 3.9 What is generally the source of reckless conduct in the workplace quizlet?
- 3.10 When considering your role within a health care team it is important to keep in mind that quizlet?
- 3.11 What is the role of the nurse in establishing a culture of safety?
- 3.12 Where does embedding a culture of safety start?
- 3.13 What are the types of safety culture?
- 3.14 What is patient and nurse safety?
- 3.15 How do nurses promote patient safety?
- 3.16 Which of the following is an essential component of systems thinking?
- 3.17 Which of the following is the basic principle to achieve improvement in health?
- 3.18 What are the 3 elements of Just Culture?
- 3.19 What is an example of Just Culture?
- 3.20 What is meant by creating a culture of safety?
- 4 ‘Psychological safety’ at work improves productivity–here are 4 ways to get it, according to a Harvard expert
- 5 Admit what you don’t know
- 6 Respond productively to problems
- 7 Get comfortable with new technology
- 8 Have a sense of purpose
- 9 To get you started, we’ve put together 5 tips for fostering psychological safety in your workplace:
- 10 Always be learning.
- 11 Success!
- 12 Why Is Psychological Safety So Important in Health Care?
- 13 How to Create a Culture of Psychological Safety
- 14 Author(s)
- 15 Why Is Psychological Safety Important Hospital
- 16 7 ways to create psychological safety at work
- 17 How to create psychological safety at work
- 18 Building psychological safety at work is a long-term game
- 19 What is Psychological Safety and Why is it Important at Workplaces?
- 20 What are the Goals of Psychological safety?
- 21 What is the need to establish a psychologically safe workspace?
- 22 How to encourage a culture of psychological safety at work?
- 23 What are the Four Stages of Psychological Safety at Work?
- 24 What are the Key Features of a Psychologically Safe Workplace?
- 25 What are the Benefits of Psychological Safety at Work?
- 26 How to ensure psychological safety at a virtual workplace?
- 27 How can you use AI to create a Psychologically Safe Workplace?
- 28 Can Psychological Safety Promote Workplace Harmony?
Why is psychological safety a crucial component of a culture of safety in health care?
What is it about psychological safety that makes it such an important component of a safety culture? It enables people to learn from their mistakes and near-misses, hence minimizing the likelihood of making the same mistakes again. A medical unit of a hospital is in the process of hiring a number of additional physicians. It enables people to learn from their mistakes and near-misses, hence minimizing the likelihood of future blunders. To address these problems, you decide to attempt to build an improvement team despite the prevailing organizational culture.
Within the healthcare delivery system in general, and within nursing practice in particular, an organizational culture of safety recognises the effect of complex systems and human variables.
Which of the following responses would be most compatible with a culture of safety in this situation?
An organization must devise a process for identifying and learning from faults and damage that happens in patients’ treatment.
The use of human factors concepts is vital when aiming to reduce the risk of mistake because: If you understand the elements that influence human performance on critical activities, you can build a safer system.
Why is psychological safety a crucial component of a culture of safety in health care?
What is it about psychological safety that makes it such an important component of a culture of safety in health care? What is it about psychological safety that makes it such an important component of a culture of safety? It enables people to learn from their mistakes and near-misses, hence minimizing the likelihood of future blunders. A medical unit of a hospital is in the process of hiring a number of additional physicians. What is the most important part of a safety culture? There are a variety of groups that have defined the phrase “safety culture.” An organization’s shared views, beliefs, values, and attitudes are often seen as forming a commitment to safety and making an attempt to reduce harm, which is known as its safety culture (Weaver et al.).
A nurse who became aware that his colleagues were not following up on patient outcomes on a consistent basis immediately reported the situation to the clinic’s management staff.
The most effective solution is to investigate the problem and look for system solutions.
An organizational culture of safety recognizes the importance of complex systems and human elements on the healthcare delivery system in general, and in nursing practice in particular, and strives to promote this awareness.
– A culture of safety recognizes that mistakes will/can occur and works to identify potential dangers before they manifest themselves.
Why is psychological safety a crucial component of a culture of safety in health care? – Related Questions
What is it about psychological safety that makes it such an important component of a culture of safety in the health care setting? Because it is a critical component of a culture of safety, psychological safety must be considered. Because it enables people to learn from their failures and near-misses, the likelihood of making the same mistakes again is reduced. In a hospital, a medical unit is now in the process of employing new doctors. Aspect of a safety culture that is important to mention is.
- With regard to a quizlet on culture of safety, which response would be the most in keeping?
- According to a culture of safety, which response would be the most logical choice?
- What exactly is a quizlet on culture of safety?
- – A culture of safety recognizes that mistakes will and may occur, and works to identify potential hazards before they become serious problems.
Why is a culture of safety important?
A clear and consistent safety culture in the workplace aids in the establishment of processes and principles for the purpose of ensuring a safe workplace. Many businesses find themselves falling short of their safety objectives if they do not take this step. Culture is described as a set of shared values, experiences, beliefs, and qualities that are held by a group of people.
What does safety mean in nursing?
What is the definition of Patient Safety? In the field of health care, patient safety is a discipline that has developed in response to the increasing complexity of health-care systems and the consequent increase in patient harm in health-care institutions. Preventing and mitigating risks, mistakes and harm to patients throughout the provision of health-care services is its primary goal.
Which of the following is a trend in modern health care across industrialized nations?
A common tendency in current health care throughout developed nations is which of the following: The most appropriate responses are A and C. In tandem with the advancement of medical information and technology, the demand for complex operations is rising, while the number of providers becomes increasingly specialized (and fragmented).
What is meant by just culture?
Organizations are held accountable for the processes they have developed as well as for responding to the actions of their workers in a fair and just way, which is referred to as a “Just Culture.”
What is an example of promoting a culture of safety?
The following therapies have been classified as interventions to foster a culture of safety: team training, multidisciplinary rounding or executive walk rounds, and unit-based techniques that incorporate several interventions over a sustained period of time
What is the relationship between healthcare quality and safety?
Patient safety is the cornerstone of providing high-quality health-care to all patients. For the most part, research on what constitutes patient safety and methods that avoid harm has concentrated on negative outcomes of care, such as death and morbidity. In order to avoid such negative effects, nurses are essential in the surveillance and coordinating processes.
Which of the following concepts is central to supporting a culture of safety?
Establishing safety as an organizational priority, as well as encouraging cooperation and patient engagement, as well as promoting openness and transparency, are all important components in fostering a culture of safety in a company (Lamb, Studdert, Bohmer, Berwick,Brennan, 2003).
What is the ultimate purpose of conducting RCA2 after an adverse event?
When an adverse event occurs, what is the ultimate goal of conducting an RCA2 investigation? As soon as you uncover a safety concern in your system, the only way to make the system safer and avoid future injury is to take immediate action to correct the problem. The ultimate purpose of RCA2 is to achieve this.
What is generally the source of reckless conduct in the workplace quizlet?
When it comes to workplace recklessness, what do most people think is the cause of the problem? A workplace that is overworked and exhausted.
When considering your role within a health care team it is important to keep in mind that quizlet?
It’s vital to remember the following when assessing your role on a health-care team: No matter what profession you are in, you will be a part of the team and will be expected to work actively toward making that team effective.
What is the role of the nurse in establishing a culture of safety?
Creating a culture of safety in our clinical work environment is critical to our success as nurses. We can do this by maintaining an open line of communication with our healthcare team members, assessing the work habits and behaviors of others as well as ourselves for potential safety risks, and implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) interventions in our clinical work environment.
Where does embedding a culture of safety start?
The process of establishing a culture of safety begins at the very top of the organization, with senior executives committing their dedication and support, as well as ensuring that the necessary resources are available to make it happen.
What are the types of safety culture?
“In general, people pick up their safety behaviors from their jobs.” The four forms of safety cultures are: forced culture, protective culture, engaged culture, and integral culture. Forced culture is the most common type of safety culture.
What is patient and nurse safety?
Patient safety is defined by the Institute of Medicine as “the prevention of injury to patients” and is defined as “the prevention of harm to patients.” Many others have elaborated on this description, emphasizing the need of promoting patient safety via the development of a health-care delivery system that is focused on preventing errors and learning from those that do occur.
How do nurses promote patient safety?
Educating patients and their families, reviewing protocols, learning from mistakes, and communicating effectively with the rest of the health-care team are all ways that individual doctors and nurses may help to improve patient safety. Such exercises can also help to save money since they reduce the amount of harm that is done to patients.
Which of the following is an essential component of systems thinking?
According to W. Edwards Deming, psychology, or human behavior, is one of the four basic components of systems thinking, with the other three being mathematics and engineering.
According to Deming, the other three components of systems thinking are: appreciation of a system, comprehending variation, and theory of knowledge (or theory of knowledge).
Which of the following is the basic principle to achieve improvement in health?
According to W. Edwards Deming, psychology, often known as human behavior, is one of the four key components of system thinking. Systems thinking, according to Deming’s definition, consists of three more components: appreciation of a system, comprehending variability, and theory of knowledge.
What are the 3 elements of Just Culture?
Several components of an organization’s values, justice (equity to the workforce), and safety, as well as the design of safe systems and the establishment of a reporting and learning environment, are frequently examined in order to determine how far along the organization is on its journey toward a Just Culture.
What is an example of Just Culture?
When you hear the phrase “just culture,” what is the first thing that springs to mind? As an example, consider the following dilemmas: Two nurses make the mistake of selecting the incorrect medicine from the dispensing device. One dosage is administered to a patient, causing him to fall into shock, while the other is intercepted at the patient’s bedside before it can do any harm.
What is meant by creating a culture of safety?
A safety culture is the consequence of a set of fundamental beliefs and behaviors that place a strong emphasis on the importance of safety above all else. Despite the fact that values lie at the heart of any culture, the culture of an organization is ultimately defined by what is said and done — actions define culture – in an organization.
‘Psychological safety’ at work improves productivity–here are 4 ways to get it, according to a Harvard expert
According to Amy Edmondson, professor of leadership and management at Harvard Business School, a notion known as “psychological safety” is particularly important to the performance of a team. The term “psychological safety” refers to “a workplace in which one believes that one’s voice is heard and valued even when it is filled with bad news, questions, concerns, half-baked ideas, and even blunders,” according to Edmondson, who spoke with CNBC Make It. Questions, concerns, and ideas should be raised without fear of penalties, and people should feel free to do so.
Edmondson believes that speaking out will never be fully effortless, but it should seem like the correct thing to do and that it will be “welcomed and cherished by colleagues.” In other words, you should feel comfortable speaking out, taking chances, and admitting mistakes because you have the “safety” to do so.
According to a Gallup survey conducted in 2017, firms that promote psychological safety saw an increase in employee engagement and productivity, which can result in a 12 percent rise in overall output.
Whether you’re in an entry-level role or in charge of a team, there are things you can do to make a positive difference and influence the culture in your workplace, regardless of your level of experience.
“You should be comfortable with it.” “How you present yourself is still important.” The following are a few concrete methods in which you might nurture psychological safety, particularly during difficult circumstances.
Admit what you don’t know
Expressing your viewpoint necessitates a degree of vulnerability, which may be scary for many individuals, particularly those who are just starting out in their jobs. As Edmondson points out, “the default is always going to be to be silent.” Instead than appearing to have all the answers, Edmondson recommends emphasizing the obstacles and uncertainties that lie ahead, as well as being upfront about what you don’t know. According to a 2012 research, when leaders are honest about their own shortcomings or failures, individuals believe that their own “developmental paths and emotions of doubt are valid.” For example, living in the midst of the Covid-19 outbreak has meant dealing with a great deal of uncertainty.
In addition to education and realizing your privilege, being an ally for people of color and oppressed groups requires a number of other skills.
At the end of the day, these techniques level the playing field and remind individuals of what is at stake, allowing everyone to feel that their voice and ideas are needed.
Respond productively to problems
According to Edmondson, psychological safety is not a silver bullet, which means that you may periodically confront issues or faults. When confronted with a problem, it is even more critical to be aware of your own feelings and respond in a way that is constructive, according to her. That does not imply that you should sugarcoat everything you say, but rather that you should “acknowledge and thank the person for coming forward,” as she puts it. Instead of concentrating on the fact that something went wrong at work, your initial response should be to express gratitude to your teammate for bringing it to your attention.
In spite of the fact that your initial impulse may be to investigate what went wrong to generate the error, “we have to sort of teach ourselves to be more forward-looking,” she explains.
Get comfortable with new technology
When dealing with a pandemic, it is possible to build psychological safety, even if you are working from home. However, while video chats and instant messages are prone to losing the subtleties of communication, they can open the door to new chances to create relationships with people inside your business. According to Edmondson, co-author of a recent Harvard Business Review article, “Building psychological safety in virtual teams requires time and strategy, but the results are worth it in terms of participation, collegiality, healthy disagreement, and idea production.” What is Edmondson’s recommendation for ensuring psychological safety in virtual meetings?
Furthermore, it might be beneficial to rotate which team member is in charge of the meeting in order to obtain a variety of viewpoints.
Furthermore, if there are particular team members who tend to be silent in virtual meetings, continue the talks in a one-on-one environment to make the experience feel less daunting for them.
Have a sense of purpose
Aristotle’s discoveries informed Google’s development of a list of the five important variables that contribute to the success of great teams: psychological safety, dependability, structure and clarity (including purpose), meaning (including impact), and impact (including meaning and impact). “Psychological safety is the assumption that one will not be penalized or humiliated for expressing views, questions, worries, or mistakes,” according to the dictionary definition. Amy Edmondson is a writer and actress who lives in Los Angeles.
Is it possible for you to recall a meeting in which no one expressed their ideas, there was little discussion, and everyone simply agreed with what their boss said?
Professor Amy Edmondson’s TEDTalk on “Creating a psychologically safe workplace” might serve as a source of inspiration.
To get you started, we’ve put together 5 tips for fostering psychological safety in your workplace:
- Anyone in a position of authority should serve as a role model for the rest of the organization. This applies to everyone from high management all the way down to team leaders and managers. If implemented successfully, the set of behaviors should become the norm throughout the organization. Inquire about upward feedback
- Own your faults
- And be open to hearing perspectives that differ from your own. Ensure that you are approachable and that you encourage reporters to ask questions.
2. Encourage active listening
This is a critical component in ensuring that employees feel appreciated and that they can contribute to the team’s overall success. Among the suggestions for improving listening skills are:
- During meetings, please leave your phones at the door. Exhibit comprehension by repeating what has been heard
- By asking questions, you may encourage them to give additional information. If there are particular individuals who rarely speak out during meetings, actively seek their input.
3. Create a safe environment
One of the most important characteristics of psychological safety is that individuals feel comfortable expressing their thoughts without fear of being criticized. Create a few ground rules for how teams should engage with one another to aid in the development of a safe atmosphere for everyone. These might include, for example, the following:
- Please do not interrupt one another. All opinions are welcomed on an equal footing and are never criticized
- Never point the finger at someone. Suggestions that are outside the box are encouraged and taken into consideration.
4. Develop an open mindset
It is critical to have an open mentality in order to break away from judgment and enhance the interaction between team members. Often, we see things through our own eyes, but looking at them from a new viewpoint might help us gain a better understanding of them. It is necessary to have an open mentality at work in order to:
- Teams should be encouraged to communicate comments with one another. Assist them in learning how to respond to the feedback of others. Encourage teams and individuals to view feedback as an opportunity to grow and improve their ideas and procedures rather than as a source of criticism.
When it comes to maintaining a good business culture, three crucial factors are frequently mentioned: a clear goal and vision that helps individuals understand their duties; individual beliefs that are aligned with company values; and the possibility of professional advancement. However, as proved by Google’s study, psychological safety is equally critical in fostering a positive workplace culture in which employees feel comfortable contributing their ideas and being themselves. Do you wish to assist your managers in enhancing the performance of their teams?
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Why Is Psychological Safety So Important in Health Care?
Amy Edmondson, Novartis Professor of Leadership and Management at Harvard Business School, is an expert in leadership and management. The following are the learning objectives: You will be able to do the following at the conclusion of this activity:
- Create a list of four outcomes that are related with a psychologically secure workplace. Distinguish between the organizational and individual gains connected with learning in health care, as well as those related with risk management, innovation, and work satisfaction.
Description:What is the significance of psychological safety in health-care settings? Amy Edmondson, the Novartis Professor of Leadership and Management at Harvard Business School, explains four particular results connected with a psychologically secure work environment in a brief video clip. Questions for discussion:
- Do you agree with any of Amy Edmondson’s views regarding the advantages of a psychologically safe workplace? Do you disagree with any of her findings? What are the reasons behind this or that? Based on your personal and professional experience, how have the places in which you’ve worked contributed to or detracted from the four objectives Amy Edmondson mentioned? What other elements, outside psychological safety, had a role in determining these results
- Amy Edmondson discusses the significance of individual and organizational learning in this video. Is there a link between these two forms of learning based on your own experience? Amy Edmondson outlines “the very real hazards that are constantly present in the health care system,” and how individual learning may become organizational learning and vice versa. What are these hazards
- Amy Edmondson discusses the importance of employee retention in the context of patients, companies, and other professionals. What, in your opinion, are the advantages of each group
How to Create a Culture of Psychological Safety
- Employees who are able to express themselves freely are more motivated. Workplace connections contribute to the development of internal corporate culture. Creating a safe environment for affirming talks can aid in the development of a healthy workplace culture.
Why do employees sometimes keep their mouths shut when they should be talking? Do they dread the ramifications or the consequences of their actions? Do they believe that fresh ideas can’t be examined fairly because they will be met with an outpouring of criticism about their inherent hazards, a torrent of requests for a thorough project plan, or a requirement for quick proof of an exaggerated return on investment? Simply put, why do we withhold our potential contributions when we are aware that a project or process is in trouble or on the verge of failing completely?
- The benefits of staying silent seem to outweigh the benefits of speaking up in most situations.
- As a result, they maintain a low profile and keep their tongues shut.
- According to Gallup’s research, just three out of every ten U.S.
- However, by increasing the staff turnover ratio to six out of ten, firms might see a 27 percent reduction in turnover, a 40 percent reduction in safety issues, and a 12 percent boost in productivity.
- Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School, is “a atmosphere in which individuals feel secure being (and expressing) themselves.” Edmondson has demonstrated that psychological safety is a predictor of quality improvements, learning behavior, and productivity in a workplace setting.
- They were also more likely to remain employed by the organization in the long run.
- They are willing to take risks and try new things.
- Consider the contrast between this sort of culture and one in which workers are too afraid to speak out or offer a novel idea.
- Psychological safety may be achieved by answering four questions.
- After some time had passed, things were still not getting better.
- For the most part, it was evident to me that no one in the department felt comfortable defending or aggressively pursuing any fresh ideas, opinions, or criticisms because they were concerned for their jobs.
The environment was not unpleasant; in fact, there was plenty of courteous contact and can-do attitude in person to be found there. However, as the real labor began, it became counter-productive. Having gathered the crew in a conference room, I asked them to answer the following four questions:
- In what ways can we rely on one another
- What is the aim of our team
- What is the reputation we desire to have
- And what must we change in order to acquire that reputation and accomplish our mission
The questions are intended to foster a climate of psychological safety in the workplace. Please keep in mind that the sequence in which the questions are asked is just as crucial as the questions themselves. Individual strength is addressed in the first question, which is essential for creating individual security before moving on to the more general team psychological safety issues. In the aftermath of some preliminary instruction and activity, I turned to the person immediately to my right and asked: “So, what can these folks trust on you for?” She paused for a moment before responding, “Above all, you can always rely on me to complete tasks on schedule.
- “But doesn’t everyone do that?” she inquired.
- When I asked the next individual what he could contribute to the team, he responded affirmatively, which led me to the following question.
- Each member of the team acknowledged what they believed they brought to the team, and each was validated and felt more comfortable as a result of their contributions.
- They needed to be aligned with a common mission and sense of self.
- They did.
- What is the function of human resources in the organization?
- Once they’ve established a clear objective and method, what do they hope to be known for within the organization?
The “Guiding Principles” were developed by the team members after much deliberation.
Some of the practical applications of these ideas are provided by the team: Based on whether or not the agenda items comply with the principles, they are used to filter out and prioritize staff meeting agendas.
Some of the applications, on the other hand, are more theoretical in nature.
Coach performance and team conduct are explained by the CHRO using the team’s principles.
They do this by consistently applying them across the board.
The team’s score increased by 0.70 points on a five-point scale during the Q 12 period.
Creating a Culture of Psychological Safety is a big job.
In order to have any prospect of improving engagement and performance, it must be the first step.
It provided them with the opportunity to be vulnerable enough to be involved.
Leaders and managers may utilize the four questions to inspire involvement, ideation, and candor among their employees and subordinates.
In the best-case scenario, for genuine cultural change to take place, it must involve – and begin with – the whole executive management team.
It is only when leaders have shared their organizational responses with the rest of the firm that the required behavior is promoted and alignment arises between the two organizations.
Managers are not required to wait.
They have the ability to create an environment in which people feel comfortable to interact, safe to face the elephant in the room, and safe to devote their entire selves into their jobs.
In this article, you will learn more about how Gallup can assist you in achieving greater levels of engagement and performance within teams by fostering a culture of psychological safety in the workplace:
- Request information about our employee engagement solutions to learn more about our simple-to-use tools and resources
- Or Take advantage of ourLeading High-Performance Teamscourse to help all managers learn how to create an engaging atmosphere. Employees and teams may use our CliftonStrengths examination to uncover and enhance their own personal and team strengths.
Jake Herway works as a subject-matter specialist in the Gallup organization on culture and transformation.
Why Is Psychological Safety Important Hospital
Top ranked hospitals in the United States Medical supplies in the greater Dayton, Ohio region Veterinarian clinic in Redmond, Washington’s Fall City. Satilla Hospital is located in Waycross, Georgia. Guidelines for infection prevention in hospitals published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Dupage Medical Group is a group of urologists. Orange is the color of Providence St. Joseph Health. Format for a medical case study Paying bills at Jackson Health System The financial accounts of a public hospital Murabella is home to the Flagler Health Village.
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FAQ about Why Is Psychological Safety Important Hospital
This actual tale (1) is just one of many that demonstrate the importance of psychological safety, a notion that was initially articulated by behavioral scientist Amy Edmondson and has now gained widespread acceptance. Psychological safety is defined as the shared conviction held by members of a team that the team is safe for taking risks with one another in the course of their work.
How important is psychological safety to team performance?
Other research, such Project Aristotle, have discovered that psychological safety is substantially related with both objective (such as sales income) and subjective measures of team success (e.g. ratings of team performance by team members and managers, customer satisfaction with team products).
How can managers promote psychological safety in the workplace?
There are three things that a manager may support in a team to help them feel more protected psychologically: The development of effective team connections may be aided by assisting individuals in getting to know one another and allowing room for casual discourse in addition to work talk.
Psychological safety is a word that refers to a certain team dynamic that is considered to be safe. It is a widely held idea among members of a team that it is safe to take chances and to be yourself at work without fear of having bad personal or professional consequences as a result.
7 ways to create psychological safety at work
At some point in my professional life, I committed a blunder at work. I failed to notice a formatting problem in a printed brochure, which resulted in us having to reprint the order. Due to this, my supervisor erupted into a frenzy and humiliated me in front of my whole staff. The incident left me shaken and angry, and I was unwittingly compelled to go into perfectionist mode, promising that I would never make the same mistake twice. Fortunately for me, as I’ve progressed in my professional life, I’ve had the opportunity to make all kinds of blunders in more supportive places.
- It is in this area that you will discover psychological safety.
- As Edmondson has pointed out, psychological safety is critical in the domains of workplace cooperation and teamwork, particularly in the service industry.
- With so many firms now dependent on successful methods of working together, it’s not surprise that this issue is gaining more attention at the table, alongside issues such as employee experience and organizational culture.
- And this is becoming much more widespread as a result of the rise in collaborative work that has occurred as a result of the pandemic-induced shift to remote work.
- It may be daunting, as it is with most things in the workplace that involve human people (which, at the time of writing, included ALL businesses).
Nonetheless, you should be thinking about it and taking steps to improve the level of comfort that all employees experience in your workplace. The advantages are self-evident (and sometimes surprising).
How to create psychological safety at work
The most straightforward strategy is probably to use common sense to deal with the situation. “Psychological safety is not nearly as difficult to achieve as it may appear.” Indeed, true team unity and creating an environment conducive to everyone’s achievement are the ultimate objectives.” Here are seven straightforward methods for promoting psychological safety in the workplace. If you are unable to execute all of them at once, begin with one. You may be amazed at how a modest adjustment and its ripple effects may have a significant influence on your employees and the ability to support high-performing groups.
1. Break the “Golden Rule”
This is something you’ve probably heard before: treat people the way you’d like to be treated. This is not the case, however, when it comes to feeling mentally secure. Consider how others would like to be treated and create an environment that is conducive to it. It’s important to take the time to ask your team members and direct reports what they would like in terms of things like check-in frequency, manner of communication, kind of feedback, and so on. “If you want to be a great manager or leader, you shouldn’t be functioning from the point of view of what you want; instead, you should be acting from the point of view of what others desire,” says the author.
2. Welcome curiosity
G Adventures is an example of a firm that is deliberately fostering a culture that values exploration and discovery. When we arrive at a hurdle on the road, we want to cultivate a curiosity culture because it makes us more present to the trip, more creative, better at conveying alignment with one another, and more nimble and adaptive to what’s going on.” “Not to mention more involved,” says the author. The capacity to be curious encourages a culture of learning and inquiry, even in the face of dangers such as insecurity, vulnerability, and disagreement.
3. Promote healthy conflict
Edmondson’s definition, as stated above, is concerned with interpersonal dangers. Conflict may be regarded to be one of the most dangerous aspects of interpersonal relationships. Therefore, we should make every effort to establish situations that promote the most constructive type of conflict. According to Henry Evans and Colm Foster, asking questions in a certain way “allows people to believe that you respect them and are discussing their views rather than criticizing them based on their opinions.
4. Give employees a voice
Employees who are subjected to draconian constraints, such as laws or technology that restrict communication, are less likely to express themselves freely. To combat this, open up avenues to leadership positions, provide channels for criticism, and encourage open dialogue among people. ‘Upward communication can be a powerful force in assisting contemporary organizations in learning and succeeding; by speaking up to those who hold positions of authority and offering ideas to improve the well-being of their organizations, employees can assist in challenging the status quo, identifying problems or opportunities for improvement, and offering ideas to improve the well-being of their organizations.’
5. Earn and extend trust
“It depicts a team atmosphere defined by interpersonal trust and mutual respect in which individuals feel comfortable being themselves,” according to Edmondson’s groundbreaking study. In an interesting twist, trust is highlighted as a critical criterion for the perfect team in Google’s Project Aristotle. However, simply acknowledging the importance of trust is not suffice; you must work hard to establish and maintain it, as well as serve as an example for others. Here are some concrete suggestions for fostering trust in the workplace.
6. Promote effectiveness not efficiency
Simon Sinek, in his book, Leaders Eat Last, highlights the critical role that leaders play in fostering a safe and secure workplace environment for their employees. People should not be viewed as a means to an end in order to obtain financial results or other metrics of efficiency by leaders. Sinek presents a new way of thinking to think about things. The author, Simon Sinek, explains that by creating a Circle of Safety around the people in an organization, “leadership reduces the threats people feel within the group, allowing them to devote more time and energy to protecting the organization from the constant dangers outside and seizing the big opportunities.” A research published in the International Journal of Stress Management indicated that emotionally comfortable individuals are more engaged, productive, and inventive.
If you still aren’t convinced, consider the following:
7. Think differently about creativity
Pixar’s Ed Catmull and his crew have taken an innovative approach to creation in order to strengthen the public’s confidence in their corporation. Contrary to their instincts, they’ve created a culture that encourages taking chances, in which all ideas are supported and unanticipated pathways are welcomed. Having everyone feel comfortable sharing imperfect work and then learning and getting motivated via continued improvement together is at the heart of this approach’s success. This is a collaborative approach based on trust and transparency, in which team members may be vulnerable without fear of being judged.
Marla Gottschalki, an organizational psychologist, identifies a number of Pixar’s unique techniques that are in favor of their approach.
Building psychological safety at work is a long-term game
At the end of the day, psychological safety in the workplace is about creating an environment where people can be themselves completely. As summarized in this excerpt from a New York Times Magazine piece about Google’s pursuit for the perfect team, it could not be more appropriate (and is more important now than ever before as we seek to create hybrid workplaces): “No one wants to leave a piece of their identity and inner life behind at home. ” However, in order to be completely present at work and to be “psychologically secure,” we must be certain that we can be free enough to communicate the things that worry us without fear of repercussions on a regular basis.
We cannot be just concerned with efficiency.” Furthermore, it is critical not to believe that just because the elements for an emotionally secure workplace are in place, that employee engagement and a healthy workplace culture would follow as a result of this development.
Nonetheless, I believe you will struggle to engage workers and see your culture grow if psychological safety at work is not given the highest priority in your organization. Hopefully, the seven suggestions listed above will assist you in getting started.
What is Psychological Safety and Why is it Important at Workplaces?
According to the Harvard Business Review, organizational behavioral scientist Amy Edmondson was the first to recognize the importance of psychological safety in the workplace in 1999. ‘Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams,’ according to the title of the research. According to the findings of the study, firms with a trusting environment performed better. Psychological safety is defined as the feeling of safety and security that a person has without needing to anticipate unpleasant repercussions for their job, even in the case of blunders.
Even in the midst of a crisis, individuals know that they will be supported since each member is valued and in turn appreciates his or her colleagues.
What are the Goals of Psychological safety?
The implementation of psychological safety policies at work results in a workplace culture that promotes engaging and healthy connections amongst coworkers. When they are attempting to attain identical goals, this allows them to work more closely together as a result. Today’s organized corporate culture is in desperate need of psychological safety in order to engage its workers and empower them to be brave in the workplace. When there is openness and transparency across professional connections, people are more willing to admit when they have done something wrong.
It is our objective to adhere to psychological safety requirements at work if we can accomplish the following: 1.To encourage a positive workplace culture and to guarantee that people are enthused about their jobs.
The execution of a clear goal is achieved when individuals work together in an environment where they feel secure psychologically.
5.The members of the group feel at ease and welcomed for having their own point of view on the subject matter at hand.
What is the need to establish a psychologically safe workspace?
Employees who adhere to psychological safety at work establish engaging and healthy interactions with their coworkers, which contributes to a positive workplace culture. When they are attempting to attain identical goals, this allows them to work more closely together. To engage their workers and empower them to be daring, today’s hierarchical business culture desperately needs psychological safety. When there is openness and transparency across professional connections, people are more willing to admit their errors.
It is our objective to adhere to psychological safety requirements at work if we can achieve the following outcomes.
2) Members of the team are encouraged to take chances and to openly express their ideas without fear of repercussions from others.
4.Having a sense of security allows workers to perform better and produce higher-quality work.
(5) The group’s members feel at ease and respected for expressing their own point of view on various issues. Speak out encourages a culture of curiosity, which leads to a more in-depth awareness of one’s own role and responsibilities.
How to encourage a culture of psychological safety at work?
Building a work culture that fosters a psychologically safe workplace is not an easy task to do. However, the following are some actions that you may do to encourage this type of behavior: 1. Recognize and accept flaws Amy Edmondson was of the opinion that change begins with the person at the front of the pack. If you, as a leader, are willing to admit that you are not flawless, it is a terrific place to start. It will provide an opportunity for other members of the squad to follow suit. This will allow for a better knowledge of the team members, as well as the creation of a web of interaction that will allow for more efficient exchange of ideas.
- Because the workplace is a social group, you should strive to strengthen your relationships in order to have a good communication channel through which to discuss ideas and points of view.
- This can help to guarantee that the psychological safety criteria is followed.
- Working in an atmosphere where the notion of democratic dialogue may flourish is a critical component of allowing the formation of a safe workplace environment.
- People may learn from a meaningful dispute and make progress once their perspectives are out in the open.
- Provide your staff with an opportunity to express themselves about issues that are bothering them.
A member’s performance will instantly improve once they realize that others are listening to their difficulties and embracing them for who they are.
Creating an environment that fosters curiosity A good team leader would constantly be appreciative of their team members’ inquisitiveness.
If there are any issues that need to be handled, they will be addressed, and they will be addressed in a creative manner as well.
Furthermore, it shows them as a group that is open to new ideas and experiences.
Demonstrate your commitment to the cause.
Demonstrate your concern by becoming actively involved.
Attend meetings and refrain from taking phone calls while the sessions are in session.
In the event that anything goes wrong, instead than focusing on who was at fault, you should refocus everyone’s attention toward finding a solution.
Whenever possible, avoid singling out individuals for their shortcomings at a meeting when you are discussing concerns.
Demonstrate your support for your team by speaking positively about them.
Share their work with other teams to demonstrate how pleased you are with their performance.
This creates a sense of unity, and they are aware that you have their backs when things become tough.
Decision-making should be an open and participatory process.
Everyone should have the impression that they are a significant stakeholder in the decision-making process.
Following your decision, express your gratitude to them for their input, which you believe was beneficial to the decision-making process. Making a point to recognize and celebrate the contributions made by your employees can help them feel more at home in their work environment.
What are the Four Stages of Psychological Safety at Work?
According to Dr. Timothy Clark, applicants must go through four stages in order to feel free and confident enough to be themselves and express their thoughts openly and honestly. They must first feel welcomed before they can begin to contribute to and improve the performance of their particular companies. 1. The Safety of Inclusion As human beings, we want for a sense of belonging and a sense of connection with others. People enjoy being associated with you at this point because the team accepts you for who you are at this point.
- During this stage, you speak and demonstrate your interest in the learning process.
- You should not be afraid to make errors or ask questions.
- Contributor protection is number three.
- Your abilities allow you to fulfill your desire to make a difference in your place of employment.
- The Challenger’s Security Employee satisfaction increases when you give them the opportunity to speak up.
What are the Key Features of a Psychologically Safe Workplace?
1.The members of the team constantly have a good attitude and are motivated by the desire to see the team as a whole succeed. 2.In a psychologically secure setting, people address problems by employing innovative methods and considering a variety of viewpoints. 3.Team members are curious and self-assured, and they learn to use their emotional intelligence to solve challenges and achieve their objectives. 3. 4.Team members do not feel threatened and instead push one another in a constructive manner to force their ideas on a variety of problems to be hard.
6.Such safeguards enable team members to stay resistant to the concerns caused by misunderstandings between members of the team.
8.You create an environment that encourages individuals to share their ideas and opinions with their co-workers on the team by arranging the environment in a certain way.
10.One of the characteristics of a workplace that conforms to psychological safety is the presence of healthy interpersonal dynamics and trust.
What are the Benefits of Psychological Safety at Work?
Employers want their employees to feel like they are an important part of the team and to be valued. 2.They have a proclivity for raising relevant problems, issues, and even putting out their own recommendations. 3.There is absolutely no fear of being penalized or humiliated as a result of taking the initiative to do anything.
4.People are well aware that their opinions are of utmost importance in meetings. 5.It may lead to constructive disagreements that automatically result in advancement for the organization.6.If you allow for the exchange of ideas, then all forms of successful communication become available.
The following are the benefits that organizations receive
1.The workplace culture improves, and individuals are more motivated to work as a result. 2.The degree of dedication of the personnel increases by orders of magnitude. 3.When you allow individuals to brainstorm new ideas, you open the door to innovation, which allows businesses to generate more money. 4.Once you begin to accept individuals for who they are, it is possible to establish teams that are diverse while yet being inclusive. 5.It helps firms to more accurately assess the abilities of their personnel and managers.
How to ensure psychological safety at a virtual workplace?
It is possible to believe that it is impossible to comply to psychological safety standards, particularly when employees are working remotely. The question that has still to be solved is how one may build deep ties with others when one’s work is done from behind a computer screen. Altman believes that if individuals are paying attention to the screen in virtual workspaces, they will bond and engage with others more effectively. Individuals, according to Altman, may pay more attention to not just what people are saying, but also to the expressions on their faces when they are in a virtual setting.
If someone is looking at you for an extended amount of time, it is possible that the other person may become uncomfortable.
They will almost certainly never figure out who it is that you are looking at.
People may use the in-call chat tools to express themselves without being concerned about being monitored by others.
How can you use AI to create a Psychologically Safe Workplace?
Systems with artificial intelligence (AI) Organizations have already begun putting in place measures to achieve this goal. The first thing that artificial intelligence does is ensure that data is always available to the company. People not only understand that they have a variety of knowledge about someone, but they also understand their own abilities and limits. When individuals are aware that a certain team member possesses specific abilities and limits, they are more prepared to assist them.
Furthermore, the behavioral abilities that the applicant possesses aid him in his efforts to integrate more successfully into society.
As we work from home, artificial intelligence-based software can detect our mood, emotions, and other signs, allowing it to draw on our feelings.
The AI is able to recognize and interpret facial expressions and body language in order to provide reliable assessments of our mental health.
You may behave yourself appropriately as a team leader once you have gathered such reports, or you can speak about inclusion and respect to other members of the team once you have gathered such reports.
Can Psychological Safety Promote Workplace Harmony?
Making mistakes is an unavoidable aspect of the decision-making process. People learn more quickly if they are praised for taking strategic risks and having an entrepreneurial vision, according to the research. This is why it is critical not to single out someone in particular when it comes to failure of a certain sort. Everyone on board will try harder to keep the boat afloat if they understand that they are all in it together to swim and drown as one. The integration of artificial intelligence has prompted the need to track and report on employee satisfaction, as well as to recognize mental health as a critical problem.
Individuals become less detached from the business process as a result of these simple gestures.
If you believe that your firm is more than just a collection of individuals, make the transition to Birbal now. | <urn:uuid:c9c7e225-787c-4d6a-a794-e267446aa814> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://interculturalyork.org/interesting-about-culture/why-is-psychological-safety-a-crucial-component-of-a-culture-of-safety.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.960154 | 10,738 | 2.71875 | 3 |
In your country, are accessible broadcasting services (TV and radio programs) readily available to all persons with disabilities?
“Accessible broadcast services” are optional subtitles (closed captioning), signer in the screen (sign language version of the audio), speech-to-text conversion data (radio), audio description, user-friendliness receivers. Please refer to the specific percentage of the accessible programming in television and the percentage of accessible programming in radio.
Relates to Convention Article:
- No.9, Accessibility
- No.21, Freedom of expression and opinion, and access to information
- No. 30, Participation in cultural life, recreation, leisure and sport
Article 21 elaborates in more detail on how the accessibility of information and communication can be ensured in practice. “Inter alia”, the State Parties shall encourage “the mass media, including providers of information through the Internet, to make their services accessible to persons with disabilities”. Article 30 prescribes that State Parties shall ensure that persons with disabilities “enjoy access to television programmes, films, theatre and other cultural activities, in accessible formats”.
The CRPD calls for “reasonable accommodation” for persons with disabilities. But the extent of the approapiate onus on television and radio to provide measures that will make it possible for those with hearing, sight, or aging disabilities to consume the same services as those without disabilities is something that could not be directly defined. Each country should establish its own accessibility programmes in response to the wishes of its population with disabilities, broadcast standards, technical possibilities, resources available for investment and the management circumstances of its broadcasters. Therefore, the question asks for the availability of accessible broadcasting services that can be answered using a percentage of the accessible programming.
Together with transportation and built environment, ensuring full access to information and communication and services opened or provided to the public is indeed vital pre-condition for effective enjoyment of many rights covered by CRPD.
In terms of accessible broadcasting services, TV programs are often available while accessible radio programming is less frequent (USA, Argentina, Philippines, Bhutan or South Sudan). For both radio and TV, additional comments show that usually the service is available only for a limited number of hours. Accessible broadcasting programs are normally available in the state channels (Finland, Portugal, Denmark, Chile, Nicaragua, Ethiopia, Spain, Tunisia, Vietnam, Iceland or Tanzania) and for the national official languages only (Rwanda). They are mainly focusing on captioning for hearing impaired persons rather than audio description. | <urn:uuid:7882c141-6a42-44dd-a56b-7ca54514fed1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://zeroproject.org/indicator/4-broadcasting-systems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00555-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919984 | 523 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Singer Annie Lennox has criticised POPE BENEDICT XVI for discouraging safe sex in AIDS-ridden Angola.
The former Eurythmics star, who has long campaigned to raise awareness of HIV/AIDS in Africa, is furious with the Catholic leader for promoting the religion's anti-contraception beliefs in the country - fearing his advice could help spread the disease.
The 82-year-old Pope visited Angola in March (09) and sparked controversy by telling reporters that condoms would aggravate the AIDS epidemic.
And Lennox is fuming about the comments.
She says, "If there was ever an example of irresponsibility, it's the Pope going to Angola, where people are dying because of unprotected sex, and telling them they should abstain. What planet is this person on?
"I have nothing against the Catholic Church or any religion. But it's like a missed opportunity. It's the highest irresponsibility for anyone to put out that message. It's undone the good work people do in terns of safe sex practises and education."
The Angola government recently estimated 2.1 per cent of the country's 16.5 million population have tested positive for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. | <urn:uuid:a415c0f7-6c00-4dc9-b036-7ae0676aba06> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.contactmusic.com/annie-lennox/news/lennox-slams-pope-over-aids-issues_1102487 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00008-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968086 | 253 | 1.648438 | 2 |
This book contains information about the theory of electromagnetic fields in conducting mediums. It describes the theoretical foundation of electromagnetic methods used in all areas of exploration geophysics, including a study of the earth's deep layers. This book will be useful for research and exploration geophysicists, electronic engineers, and graduate and undergraduate students in university geophysics departments.
. Electromagnetic fields in conducting media
. Physical principles of electromagnetic methods applied in geophysics
. Relationship between electromagnetic fields and parameters of a medium | <urn:uuid:604833c1-be78-4696-9959-a88ad2eb6e00> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/geophysical-field-theory-and-method/9780080959931-item.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00167-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.867109 | 104 | 2.5 | 2 |
,UNITED STATES V.' FIELD.
mIttee on finance, call In experts from l;lothsIdes, and gIve us some lan· guage that isauthorItatlve, aud the meaning of whIch we know."
But, assuming that agreement on the propositions stated by counsel may be discerned in the debate, it may also be discerned what was meant by being "in bond," and "withdrawn for con· sumption," and that the amendment was only the repetition of existing law. These give us some guide to the meaning, and show that its general language was addressed to, and intended to provide for, a well-known condition, and was not intended to assimilate all conditions. See remarks of Senators Aldrich, Jones, Vest, Allison, and Sherman, Congo Rec., May 10, 1894, p. 5430 et seq. A question identical with the one at bar arose under the act of 1883, and was decided by Attorney General Brewster in accordance with the views herein expressed. 17 Op. Atty. Gen. 650. See, also, opinion of Attorney General Olney of January 17, 1895, substantially to the same effect. I tbink, therefore, that the rails in controversy became subject to duty under the act of 1883, and to such duty the government had acquired a right before the passage of the 14cKinley and Wil· son actlil, which were preserved and continued by them. The decision of the board of general apprai!'lE1rS is therefore reversed.
UNITED STATES V. FIELD et aL (CIrcuIt Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit. January 6, 1896.)
CUSTOMS DUTIES-ToURNAY CAltPETS.
Tournay velvet carpets being specifically made subject, by the act of 1894, par. 288, to a certain duty, they cannot be treated as "manufactures of wool," within the meaning of paragraph which provided that the rates of duties fixed by the act for manufactures of wool should take effect January 1, 1895.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the North· ern Division of the Northern District of Illinois. John C. Black, U. S. Dist. Atty., for appellant. N. W. Bliss, for appellees. Before WOODS, JENKINS, and SHOWALTER, Circuit Judges. WOODS,. Circuit Judge. Schedule K of the tariff act of 1894, en· titled "Wool and Manufactures of Wool," embraces paragraphs num· bered from 279 to 297, inclusive, the last feading in this wise: "The reduction of the rates of duty'herein provided for manufactures of wool shall take effect January first, eighteen hundred and ninety· five." Provision is made in the different paragraphs for duties upon various articles "made wholly or in part of wool, worsted, hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, or other animals," and, by paragraph 283, "on all manufactures, composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the camel, goat, alpaca or other animals · · · not specially provided for in this act." Carpets of va· rious descriptions are specially provided for. "Saxony, Wilton v.71F.noA-33
and TourD8.1. velvet carpets" are made subject, bypat'8.graph 288, to a duty of ·4JSper centum ad valorem. The duty imposed upon this description off earpets by the act of 1890, par. 400, was "sixty ce.nts per square yard, and in addition thereto forty per centum ad valorem." On October 9, 1894, the appellees, Marshall Field and others, composing the firm of Marshall Field & Co., imported a quantity of TOl1l'nay velvet carpets, upon which the collector demanded the duty prescribed by the act of 1890. It was paid under protest, the importers claiming that the goods were dutiable only under paragraph 288 of the later act. This view the court below upheld, overruling the decision of the general appraisers, and we think the judgment should be affirmed. The component of chief value in Tournay velvet carpets is worsted, the remainder, aJhounting to about 10 per centum, being linen or jute; and worste4, it is conceded, is composed of a long fiber combed from the wool of sheep. This, it is insisted, makes it a species of wool. But the testimony shows that it is not so regarded in commerce, and it is evident that it has not been so treated by congress in its various enactments on the subject. In Elliott v. Swartwout, 10 Pet. 137, 151, where it was adJhitted "that worsted was made out of wool by combing, but that it becomes thereby a distinct article, well known in commerce under the denomination of 'worsted,'" the court said: "It'being admitted in this case that 'worsted' is a distinct article, well known in oommerce under that denomination, we must understand· congress as using the term in that commercial sense, and as contradistinguished from 'wool' and 'woolen goods,' and .other well-known denominations of goods;" and much more. must the distinction be recognized in later enactJhents which presumably were framed with reference to that decision. It follows that the words "manufactures of WOOl," as used in paragraph 297 of the act of 1894, does not apply to Tournay velvet carpets, mentioned in paragraph 288, which are made of worsted, as distinguished from wool. It is, moreover, a well-settled rule, as declared in Arthur v. Rheims, 96 U. S. 143, "that, when an article is intended to be made dutiable by its specific definition, it will not be affected by the general words.of the same or another statute which would otherwise embrace it." This rule is recognized in half a dozen cases in the volume just cited. See, also, Worthington v. Abbott, 124 U. S. 434, 8 Sup. Ct. 562; Robertson v. Salomon, .130 U. S. 412, 9 Sup. Ct. 559; Seeberger v. Cahn, 137 U. S. 95, 11 Sup. Ct. 28, and cases cited. If, therefore, it w:ere conceded that the carpets in question "might in some respects be considered a manufacture of wool," yet, being subjected by this act to a particular duty, they cannot be so regarded here; and it must be considered that the duty placed upon them took effect upon the passage of the act, unaffected by paragraph 297, which applied only to manufactures of wool eo nomine. The question whether paragraph 400 of the act of 1890 was repealed, and at once became inoperative, upon the passage of the act of 1894, need not be considered. The jUdgment below is affirmed.
LOWELL MANUF'G CO.
LOWELL MANUF'G CO. v. WHITrALL, (Olrcult Court, D. Massachusetts.
December 21, 1800.)
A manufacturer who, after notice sufficient to charge him with knowledge of a patented design, completes the manufacture of one lot of infringing goods, and delivers them to the purchaser, though he promptly gives orders to stop further production, is liable to one penalty of $250, under Act Feb. 4, 1887 (24 Stat. 387). Qurere: Whether a federal court sitting in equity has constitutional power to enforce this penalty In the absence of a statutory provision for a. trial of the Issues of fact by a jury, subject to the fundamental rules of the common law. Untermeyer v. Freund, 7 C. C. A. 183, 58 Il'ed. 205, questioned. The court cannot In this case determine by mere personal inspection and comparison. in the absence of any explanatory proofs, that the paper drawings of an earlier design patent antlc1pated the design of the patent sued on. Costs will not be awarded to complainant though he obtain an Injunction and a decree for one penalty of $250, where the infringement was not willful and defendant, before the suit was brought, oftered to pay that sum and submitted to the patent.
SAME-ENFOROEMENT OF PENALTy-EQUITY JURISDICTION.
8. SAME-PROOF OF INFRINGEMENT-COMPARISON BY COURT.
This was a bill in equity by the Lowell Manufacturing Company against Matthew J. Whittall for alleged infringement of a desigD patent. Witter & Kenyon, for complainant. Louis W. Southgate, for defendant. PUTNAM, Circuit Judge. This is a bill brought by the owner of a patent for a design for carpets, for an injunction, an accounting of profits, and penalties under the act of February 4, 1887, Co 105 (24 Stat. 387). It may well be questioned whether the proofs establish the notice required by sections 4900 and 4933 of the Revised Statutes. Certainly they do not show that complainant's manufactures were marked as required by these sections; and there are no proper allegations in the bill of either such marking or notice. However, the penalty which we think complainant is entitled to recover under the act of 1887 exceeds any possible profits which there is any proof or suggestion can be recovered; so the court would not, in any event, be justified in putting the parties to the expense or delay of proceedings before a master. According to his own testimony, the respondent received on June 3, 1894, sufficient information to charge him with knowledge of complainant's design under the act of 1887. After that date he made a delivery to one purchaser of a lot of infringing carpet, the manufacture of which was not completed until June 5th, although the respondent promptly gave orders to stop further production. We think he is liable for one penalty for this lot. It is claimed that | <urn:uuid:b0cc533d-bc1e-4ef0-9665-9a7f9e1d17f5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.openjurist.org/71/f1d/513 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00468-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959802 | 2,129 | 1.914063 | 2 |
First Year Physical Education
In 1st year we try to introduce the students to as many different sports as possible. We base each module on 6-8 week blocks. Main sports/activities covered are Hurling, Gaelic Football, Volleyball, Basketball, Athletics, Badminton and Aquatics. A huge focus in this year is on taking personal responsibility for ones own fitness levels. We regularly test students with a beep test, cooper run and a timed 2 mile run. We encourage all students to try to take part in as many sports as possible and to be active everyday.
Second Year Physical Education
In 2nd year we try to build on the concepts and activities covered in 1st year. Students should be aware of the importance of physical activity and be able to take responsibility for their own fitness levels. Tactical awareness in game situations is also explored in this year as well as a more in-depth look into sports and skills learned in 1st year.
Third Year Physical Education
Student focus in this year tends to be on their studies, we feel physical education can play an important part in releasing stress and pressure of exams. An invasion games league is run in this year, students are re-tested on beep test scores and can see how far they have progressed since first year results. Volleyball and badminton are continued in this year as well as outdoor activities of rounders, hurling, football and tip rugby.
Fourth Year Physical Education
As Transition year offers the opportunity to try new activities we try to set students challenges throughout the year. This year our main challenges are centred on aquatics (300m swim), physical fitness (beep test, cooper test, 2 mile run) and gym work. This is the first year where students can use the gym and practice various strength and conditioning exercises. Technique is emphasised as opposed to weight and students are given programmes to work from over an 8 week block. Sports and activities covered from 1st-3rd year are developed also in this year.
Fifth & Sixth Year
Continuing on from Transition year students develop their own gym programmes, with teacher supervision, and work from these in 6 week blocks. Students are once again tested with beep test runs and cooper tests. There is also an option to take part in an invasion games league, where different sports are incorporated into a league format over a 6 week block.
St.Michael's College, Ailesbury Road, Dublin D04A373
Ph: 2189400 / e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:808be8ae-e63b-4123-822c-478a07fac0f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stmc.ie/pe/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.969326 | 536 | 2.375 | 2 |
Prep 40 mins
Cook 20 mins
I got this recipe form Cokingvilage.com they used plain white mashed potatoes; I thought that it needed to be pink. The family had a hard time because there brain was saying cake but the mouth was saying meatloaf and mashed potatoes. This was a lot of fun for April fool’s Day
- 2 lbs lean ground beef
- 3 large eggs
- 1 cup breadcrumbs
- 2⁄3 cup sliced green onion
- 1⁄2 cup milk
- 1⁄2 cup chopped fresh parsley
- 3 large garlic cloves, minced
- 2 tablespoons Worcestershire sauce
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 1⁄4 teaspoon black pepper
- 1 (12 ounce) jar roasted red peppers, drained and patted dry
- 3 1⁄2 cups hot mashed potatoes
- 8 cherry tomatoes, stems removed
- Preparing the Meat Loaf.
- 1. Preheat oven to 375°F In a large bowl, combine ground beef, eggs, bread crumbs, green onions, milk, parsley, garlic, Worcestershire sauce, salt and pepper just until blended.
- 2. Divide mixture between two 8-inch round cake pans, patting to cover pans evenly and make level.
- 3. Bake meat loaves until juices run clear when meat is pierced with a fork, or meat loaves register 170F on a meat thermometer, 20–25 minutes. Remove pans from the oven; cover loosely with foil and let stand for 10 minutes.
- Decorating the Meat Loaf.
- 1. Pour off juices from pans. Invert 1 meat loaf onto a flat serving plate. Using a small sharp knife, trim red peppers so that they lie flat. Cover top of meat loaf with a single layer of roasted red peppers.
- 2. Invert second meat loaf onto red pepper layer. Using a spatula, spread 2 1/2 cups mashed potatoes over top and sides of meat loaf. Spoon remaining potatoes into a pastry bag fitted with a large star tip. Pipe swirls around top edges of cake. Pipe stars around bottom of cake.
- 3. Place cherry tomatoes, stem-ends down, in a ring around top of meat loaf "cake" to resemble cherries. Cut meat loaf into wedges; serve immediately.
Totally got the kids with this one! Even sitting at the table up close they couldn't tell and when we cut it they thought it was a spice/carrot cake. Everyone thought it was great, except my 7 year old...she's still not speaking to me.
Firstly this meatloaf is very tasty! My 8 year old nephew was tricked by this cake! He gave up sweets for Lent and was quite mad at me when I told him that I accidentally made cake for dinner. We all had a good laugh after saying "April Fool's"; he even cleaned his plate! I reduced the garlic to 1/2 a clove, the onions to 1/4 cup grated, and a couple dashes of Worchestershire sauce because of dietary restrictions, and the taste was still excellent. I also subbed 4 slices of crustless white bread soaked in the milk for the breadcrumbs. I will use this recipe for regular meatloaf, too. Thanks!
Too much fun!! Totally fooled my family and it's good meatloaf, too!! | <urn:uuid:ca2635ba-8872-45df-b103-07cab4b8c165> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.food.com/recipe/april-fools-day-meatloaf-quot-cake-quot-364148 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00147-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947506 | 710 | 1.648438 | 2 |
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The land upon which Madonna Church now stands was part of one of the first grants bordering the New Jersey Palisades. Given to Samuel Moore by British Army Major John Berry in 1726, this land remained in the Moore family's possession until 1829. As county records indicate, Jacob Riley purchased it and started construction on the chapel, which was subsequently completed by Henry James Anderson in 1854. A few years later, a rectory was erected at the rear of the church.
Reverend John Joseph Hughes, the first Archbishop of New York, appointed Father A. Cauvin pastor of the Fort Lee Mission in 1851, a position which Father Cauvin held until 1859 when he delegated his work to an assistant, Reverend Annelli. This decade saw the Catholics from Hackensack and Lodi gather weekly at Fort Lee for Holy Mass and spiritual instruction.
The most important individual in the young church's history was a layman, Henry James Anderson, whose remains lie beneath the church's floor with his wife and son. While seeing to the church's completion, Anderson, a convert to Catholicism, served as a surgeon and as professor of astronomy and mathematics at Columbia College in New York City. His energy and persistence won Madonna her first resident priest, Father Cauvin. The author of various scientific tracts, Anderson died suddenly while gathering information for one of these in Hindustan during exploration of the Himalayas, October 19, 1875. | <urn:uuid:60a927f9-23da-4a6f-b1db-d7a0ed7a6f6d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://english.madonnacatholic.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956098 | 310 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Search results for author:"Pia Svanberg"
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Developing teachers’ interactive competence with the support of video recalled interviews: a training method in the making – Some initial results and lessons learned
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2012 (Mar 05, 2012) pp. 4886–4893
This pilot study puts special emphasis on teachers interactive competence. Interactive competence is defined as the teacher's ability to handle interaction with the students while incorporating interactive technology in the teaching situation. The...
Global Learn 2010 (May 17, 2010) pp. 3707–3712
In recent years online and blended learning has scaled up from being a pilot endeavor driven by pioneers, to constituting a large portion of many institutions of higher education. In the process, the conditions for the online teacher has gradually...
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2011 (Mar 07, 2011) pp. 2610–2615
Widespread use of technology is changing the way we work, learn, and communicate. In higher education, technology has had, and no question will continue to have, a significant impact on how teaching is conducted and also the conditions for learning. ... | <urn:uuid:10816f39-1e80-43dd-885a-aebff833ef8d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.editlib.org/author/Pia+Svanberg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00285-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920263 | 256 | 1.984375 | 2 |
What Do We Know About The Screw Piles Cost?13 July 2021
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PG 30-32 GENETICS. NOTES AND VOCABULARY. Genetics - the study of heredity . Heredity - a set of characteristics received from parents. Raising useful plants and animals . Prevention and treatment of diseases . Discovering the secrets of life on Earth. Solving crimes .
NOTES AND VOCABULARY
One allele in a pair may mask the effect of the other
The two alleles for a characteristic separate during the formation of eggs and sperm
The alleles for different characteristics are distributed to reproductive cells independently.
(crossing of 2 different true-breds)
Work the Dihybrid Crosses on your own. | <urn:uuid:bd965c37-ac03-4ce5-855c-734c171fcf1d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.slideserve.com/noel/pg-30-32-genetics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00125-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888971 | 141 | 3.40625 | 3 |
The Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) is the first onboard mechanically cooled superconducting mixer and high-resolution system for measuring atmospheric minor constituents related to stratospheric and mesospheric chemistry. SMILES collected high-quality observation data for six months until the instrument encountered trouble. These data indicate the excellent performance of the SMILES instrument as the data analysis progressed, and the data are expected to produce a mine of new scientific information.
The main scientific objective of the SMILES mission is to study the recovery and stability of the stratospheric ozone, also known as the ozone layer. Some numeric atmospheric model calculations have suggested that global ozone levels will recover to pre-1980 levels around the middle of the 21st century. However, there are still considerable uncertainties affecting ozone levels, especially in the bromine budget and chemical processes of inorganic chlorine. In addition, stratospheric cooling due to increases in greenhouse gases in the troposphere may affect the trend and the stability of the ozone layer. The SMILES mission contributes to these studies by focusing on the detailed halogen chemistry related to ozone destruction processes.
SMILES was launched to the International Space Station on Sept. 11, 2009, with Konotori1 on the HIIB launch vehicle from Tanegashima Space Center in Japan. After being attached to a port of the Exposed Facility of Kibo (Japanese Experiment Module) on the station Sept. 25, the instrument passed several critical onboard tests. The nominal continuous observation of the Earth's atmosphere started Oct. 12. SMILES performed observation for about six months, until a component of the instrument broke down on Apr. 21, 2010.
SMILES detected weak radiation from atmospheric constituents in the submillimeter wavelength region (0.460.48 millimeters of wavelength, which corresponds with 624650 gigahertz of frequency). By calculating the strength of spectral lines coming from various molecular species, the abundance of the species can be retrieved.
One sample (snapshot) of the global distribution of atmospheric constituents retrieved from SMILES observation is the ozone depletion and related change in the amount of chlorine compounds around the North Pole. In winter 2010, planetary waves in the stratosphere became vigorous, resulting in a stratospheric sudden warming event at high latitudes [about 104° F (40° C) increase of temperature within several days]. A heterogeneous chemistry process has been underway during this term, and gaseous hydrochloric acid, or HCL, decreased within the polar vortex. At the same time, chlorine chemistry was activated by solar radiation outside the polar night region, resulting in the high chlorine monoxide, or ClO, region. In this region, ozone destruction occurred. SMILES can determine such phenomena with high resolution simultaneously in different regions.
In the brightness temperature spectra obtained from SMILES observation data, strong ozone and hydrochloric acid lines with other minor peaks of hypochlorous acid, or HOCl; nitric acid, or HNO3; bromine oxide, or BrO; and ozone isotopes can be seen. The noise level of the brightness temperature is around 0.4 Kelvin, which is at least one digit smaller than other space-borne limb sounders.
During the first stage of SMILES instrument development, the current literature-based spectroscopic values were used to set the parameters for the spectrometer. The extremely high performance of the spectroscopy with SMILES has led researchers to reevaluate known atmospheric science data and to develop additional atmospheric investigations to test new parameters.
Explore further: Satellites provide new insight into ozone-depleting species | <urn:uuid:5c11a41a-51a9-444b-bd1f-2607bf4e5ac7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://phys.org/news/2012-04-superconducting-submillimeter-wave-limb-emission-sounder.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00565-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896268 | 761 | 3.34375 | 3 |
The purpose of the CONCACAF Champions League is simple. Determine the top club soccer team in the region. It’s how we get there that’s the issue. From the beginning, that hasn’t been straightforward. CONCACAF, the confederation that covers North and Central America and the Caribbean soccer has 41 member countries. Not all of them have professional leagues. Those that do aren’t necessarily operating at the same level.
CONCACAF’s club soccer tournament has to be about more than simply confirming what most people already believe, that the champion of Mexico’s soccer league is also the best team in CONCACAF. That’s where the story starts, with CONCACAF struggling to create a meaningful tournament.
Cruz Azul, Club America, and Mexico’s Win Streak
Counting both the Champions League – where Mexican clubs are five for five, and the old CONCACAF Champions’ Cup, Mexico has 29 titles and finished second 14 times. The USA has two titles and two 2nd-place finishes, eighth in the table of countries. Part of that is easy to explain. With a few exceptions, Mexican clubs regularly entered the competition while the USA’s topflight North American Soccer League ignored it. There are no Cosmos – Chivas meetings at CONCACAF Champions’ Cup level. The original Sounders or the Sting never played a Champions’ Cup game.
Cruz Azul and Club America have the most Cups with five each. Pachuca takes 3rd with four titles. Saprissa breaks up the Mexico monopoly as one of three teams with three Champions’ Cup wins. Yes, the other two are Mexican, UNAM Pumas and Monterrey.
The CONCACAF Champions League
After 43 CONCACAF Champions’ Cup tournaments, in 2008-09 CONCACAF decided they had a better idea for how to crown a club soccer champion. Instead of modified knockouts, expansion and contraction of the tournament field, and the occasional missed years, they’d follow Europe’s example. Instead of a Cup, they’d have a league. Just like in European soccer, that would include a group stage leading to a knockout round.
What was either overlooked or unexpected was parity. CONCACAF has a distinct lack of parity when it allows Mexican clubs to have multiple games to advance to the knockout stage. Short of drawing the Mexican clubs against each other as soon as possible, they’ll likely dominate a Champions League.
Sure enough, the first CONCACAF Champions League saw three Mexican teams make the semifinal round with Altante beating Cruz Azul in the final. In 2009-10, it was four for four for Mexican clubs in the semifinal stage with Pachuca beating Cruz Azul. CONCACAF finally got the message and stacked the deck against Mexican clubs in 2010-11, putting them on one side of the bracket in the knockout stage. That meant Real Salt Lake made the final, but lost to Monterrey. That was the first of three titles for Monterrey, beating Santos Laguna in 2011-12 and 2012-13.
There’s the potential for three of the four semifinalists coming from Mexico in 2013-14. Three of the four quarterfinals are MLS vs Liga MX matchups.
The CONCACAF Champions’ Cup
CONCACAF’s original answer for how to determine a confederation champion came only months after the confederation’s formation. FIFA officially recognized CONCACAF on Sep 18, 1961 and the first CONCACAF Champions’ Cup kicked off on Mar 25, 1962.
From the beginning, there were competitive issues. CONCACAF originally settled on 7 countries with strong enough clubs to compete for the Champions’ Cup: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, and Netherlands Antilles. Since it’s hard to field a tournament with 7 teams, two teams from Costa Rica participated.
CONCACAF couldn’t help itself but to mess with an obvious tournament setup. Instead of playing a quarterfinal, semifinal, and then final round, they did some tweaking. The two-leg quarterfinal round produced a semifinalist and a finalist. CONCACAF stuck in a second round between the quarterfinal and semifinal stage to determine the other semifinalist. Mexico’s Chivas, representing the North American zone, advanced from the quarterfinals directly to the final. They beat Guatemala’s Comunicaciones 6-0 on aggregate in the final. Comunicaciones was the club that advanced from that oddly arranged second round.
1963 saw the first USA participant, with New York Hungaria entering as the defending US Open Cup champion. This time, it was New York Hungaria playing in the second round after advancing past Mexico’s Deportivo Oro. They drew Chivas in the second round, losing 2-0 on aggregate. Chivas and Racing Club Haiti advanced to the final, with Racing Club winning by default due to an inability to schedule the two final round games.
So, from the beginning we have the same problems that continue to show up over the tournament’s history. Mexico dominating, basic competition issues, and scheduling. The ’63 fiasco put the Champions’ Cup on hold until 1967. Mexico didn’t enter in ’67, good news for everybody else with Philadelphia Ukranians losing to El Salvador’s Alianza in the North and Central American zone final as the only North American entry. Alianza won the title, beating Netherland Antilles club Jong Colombia.
Mexico was back in ’68 with Toluca winning the title. Cruz Azul won the next three, the first club to repeat as champions. Toluca became the first Mexican club not to advance to the title game in 1972. No Mexican team entered in ’73 or ’74, with Mexico’s Atletico Espanol (aka Necaxa – rebranded from 1971-82). Leon lost in the semifinal stage in 1976. With the North American Soccer League ignoring the tournament entirely and not entering their teams in the US Open Cup, New York Inter-Giuliana represented the USA and lost to Toronto Italia in the first round.
The NASL’s absence might have been a wakeup call for CONCACAF that they needed a better tournament. Instead, they pressed on with the original format. Club America won in 1977. In ’78, the issues caught up with the CONCACAF Champions’ Cup.
Officially, three teams can claim the 1978 CONCACAF Champions’ Cup title. You can have your choice of Tecos, Comunicaciones, or Defense Force. That’s what happens when a tournament can’t complete the semifinal stage. With Tecos advancing to the final, we’ll never know whether Comunicaciones or Defense Force would’ve advanced to play them.
Mexican clubs won five titles in the 1980s, with outliers like Suriname’s Transvaal lifting the Cup in 1981 and Violette A.C. from Haiti winning in 1984. With the USA still entering US Open Cup winners, the end of the NASL changed nothing from a Champions’ Cup perspective. Defense Force, one of the ’78 three, won the title outright in 1985. Mexico wasn’t involved in ’86, with Costa Rica’s Alajuelense winning. Club America won their second title in 1987.
1988 saw two US entries. Unfortunately, they both had to beat Mexican clubs to advance. Seattle Mitre Eagles lost 9-0 on aggregate to Cruz Azul and the APSL’s Washington Diplomats exited 4-2 to Morelia. Cruz Azul lost to Olimpia and Morelia didn’t play their fourth round series with Alajuelense. Olimpia went onto win the title. Mexico took the Cup the next four years, with Costa Rican clubs winning three in a row from 1993-95. Mexico followed that with back-to-back titles for Cruz Azul.
CONCACAF tweaked the format in 1993, adding a group stage final held in Guatemala City. That lasted one year, moving to semifinals, a final, and a third-place game in 1994. The group stage final returned in 1995. In 1996, the APSL’s Seattle Sounders made it to the final group stage, finishing last out of four clubs.
1997 was year one for Major League Soccer’s involvement in the CONCACAF Champions’ Cup. The group stage final went away that year, replaced by a traditional single-leg quarterfinal, semifinal, and final. The LA Galaxy knocked out Santos Laguna in the regional playoff. They eventually met fellow MLS team DC United in the semifinals, beating them 1-0. LA lost 5-3 to Cruz Azul in the final with DC United drawing 2-2 with Chivas in the third-place game. Since CONCACAF apparently didn’t see the likelihood of a draw coming, DC and Chivas both officially finished third. DC’s RFK Stadium hosted both the final and the third-place game as a doubleheader.
DC United won the Champions’ Cup in 1998, beating Toluca in the final. Necaxa took the title in ’99 with the final stages played in Las Vegas. DC and Chicago played for third-place and once again a draw meant they shared third. The L.A. Galaxy won in 2000, knocking out DC United on penalties in the semifinal. That should’ve had the MLS club advancing to the Club World Cup, but FIFA cancelled the tournament.
CONCACAF cancelled the Champions’ Cup in 2001, revamping the tournament as a modified league involving four MLS teams and four Mexican clubs in a Round of 16. Kansas City made the semifinals, losing 6-1 to Morelia. In an all-Mexico final, Pachuca beat Morelia 1-0. Toluca won in 2003. In 2004, CONCACAF reverted to a smaller 8-team tournament played out over two-legs. Both MLS and Mexico exited in the semifinal stage with Costa Rica putting both of their teams in the final. Alajuelense beat Saprissa 5-1.
That format held for the 2005 tournament, with Saprissa beating UNAM Pumas in the final and advancing to the Club World Cup. Club America needed extra time to beat Toluca in an all-Mexico final. In 2007, Pachuca beat Chivas on penalties for the title, with both clubs advancing past MLS teams in the semifinals. 2008 was the final year of the CONCACAF Champions Cup, with Pachuca beating Saprissa in the final. | <urn:uuid:c8e719a9-50e9-4993-8eb6-88f9ed030d1d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ussoccerplayers.com/2014/03/soccer-guide-the-concacaf-champions-league.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00219-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933374 | 2,259 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Mammalian species have co-evolved with intestinal microbial communities that can shape development and adapt to environmental changes, including antibiotic perturbation or nutrient flux. In humans, especially children, microbiota disruption is common, yet the dynamic microbiome recovery from early-life antibiotics is still uncharacterized. Here we use a mouse model mimicking paediatric antibiotic use and find that therapeutic-dose pulsed antibiotic treatment (PAT) with a beta-lactam or macrolide alters both host and microbiota development. Early-life PAT accelerates total mass and bone growth, and causes progressive changes in gut microbiome diversity, population structure and metagenomic content, with microbiome effects dependent on the number of courses and class of antibiotic. Whereas control microbiota rapidly adapts to a change in diet, PAT slows the ecological progression, with delays lasting several months with previous macrolide exposure. This study identifies key markers of disturbance and recovery, which may help provide therapeutic targets for microbiota restoration following antibiotic treatment.
Antibiotic use has reached enormous proportions around the world. In the United States, 262 million courses of antibiotics were prescribed to outpatients in 2011, a rate of 842 courses per 1,000 people annually1. Use is highest in children under 10, who receive more than 40 million courses per year1,2. Extrapolating from prescription data, the average US child receives three antibiotic courses in the first two years of life, and 10 courses by the age of 10 (ref. 1). However, prescription rates are not consistent: within the US, prescription frequency varies by more than 50% across regions1, and even more among individual practitioners3. In Sweden, antibiotic use is 40% of that in the US4. These disparities suggest opportunities to curtail antibiotic use in the US.
A well-known consequence of antibiotic use is the development of bacterial antibiotic resistance5. The impact of antibiotics on host and microbial function, on the other hand, has been little studied, as these medications have long been considered extremely safe. The intestinal microbiota aids the host in metabolic and immunological development6 and provides beneficial functions such as vitamin production and pathogen displacement. Despite the generally low-risk profile of antibiotics, these medications might be detrimental to host health by disrupting conserved functions of the microbiota, especially when given during critical developmental times. Because the extent of microbiota perturbation can depend on the antibiotic used7, characterization of the effects of commonly prescribed antibiotics is needed to develop clinical guidelines.
In addition to directly altering the gut microbiome, antibiotics may impede the ability of the gut microbiota to adapt to stressors. Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is pervasive in westernized societies, including among young children. In murine models, HFD alone alters gut microbiota composition8. A second ‘hit’—antibiotic use—might alter the ability of the microbiota to adapt to HFD, modulating the microbial and/or phenotypic effects of HFD.
Since the 1940s, farmers have added low doses of antibiotics to food or water of livestock for growth promotion. The efficacy of this practice has resulted in extensive use9. The microbiome is a key mediator of these effects; for example, germ-free chickens do not have the accelerated growth seen in conventionally raised animals exposed to antibiotics10, and in other models, manipulating the microbiota through transferring specific organisms can promote weight gain11. In prior studies, we examined the effects of such continuous low antibiotic doses (sub-therapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)) on the murine intestinal microbiota, showing altered metabolic phenotypes12,13.
In contrast to farm animals receiving STAT for growth promotion, humans receive 10- to 100-fold higher antibiotic exposures for short courses to treat acute infections2. Here, to better understand how human antibiotic use may alter microbial ecology and potentially contribute to the population-wide changes in metabolic development, we develop a mouse model that provides early-life therapeutic-dose pulsed antibiotic treatment (PAT), designed to mimic paediatric antibiotic use. Amoxicillin, a beta-lactam, and tylosin, a veterinary macrolide, were used, as these antibiotic classes are the most commonly prescribed to children2. We find that early-life PAT leads to short-term increases in mouse weight and bone growth and longer-term alterations in gut microbiome diversity, composition and metagenomic content that remained months after antibiotic exposure. We provide evidence of the altered metabolic potential by confirming changes to a microbiota-specific metabolic pathway, oxalate degradation14, at both metagenomic and metabolite levels. Whether or not antibiotic-mediated effects on growth function through the microbiota, these findings illustrate the potential functional consequences of early-life antibiotic-induced microbial perturbations and highlight the need to re-examine antibiotic guidelines in the human population.
Early-life PAT alters murine growth
Female C57BL/6J mice received three short courses of therapeutic-dose amoxicillin, tylosin, alternating courses of either antibiotic (mixture) or no antibiotics (control) (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1). To mimic early life use by human children, the PAT was completed shortly after weaning, and then mice received high-fat chow to enhance metabolic phenotypes13. After one pulse, all mouse groups had identical weights on day 21 (Fig. 1b), but early-life PAT significantly increased the cumulative weight gain from 3 to 6 weeks, an effect continuing through late life in tylosin mice (Fig. 1c and Supplementary Fig. 1b).
Tylosin and amoxicillin PAT had different effects on body composition. Compared with controls, tylosin significantly increased both total and lean mass, while amoxicillin only significantly increased lean mass (Fig. 1d–f). All groups of PAT mice developed larger bones than controls (Fig. 1g,h), but increases in bone area and mineral content were most pronounced in the amoxicillin group, demonstrating body composition variation based on antibiotic class. When mass-to-bone ratio (total body mass/bone area) was calculated as a proxy for body mass index (Fig. 1i), the tylosin and mixture mice both gained mass/area at significantly higher rates than control (P=0.015 and 0.005, respectively; longitudinal analysis using the linear spline models). Altogether, these data demonstrate significant early-life PAT-antibiotic-specific growth promotion.
Effects on host physiology
As hepatic metabolism can be altered with early-life antibiotic exposure13, potentially as a result of altered growth, direct effect of antibiotics or influence of the microbiota through the enterohepatic circulation, we examined whether we could detect PAT effects on the liver long after antibiotic cessation. Early-life tylosin significantly elevated micro- and overall hepatic steatosis in later life (Supplementary Fig. 2a–e), while amoxicillin significantly reduced microsteatosis. All groups had similar liver mass (Supplementary Fig. 2f). PAT induced changes in hepatic gene expression, with more upregulated than downregulated genes with respect to controls (Fig. 2a). While few genes had been significantly modulated by both the early-life tylosin and amoxicillin exposures (Fig. 2b–d), hierarchical clustering of genes significant in either group (Fig. 2e) indicates similar trends in both antibiotic groups.
Altered biological functions, predicted by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, revealed antibiotic-specific effects; several pathways, including those related to gene expression, cancer, and organismal survival, were abnormal in both groups (Fig. 2f, green bars). Early-life tylosin exposure also increased expression of genes relating to lipid metabolism and cellular movement and assembly, consistent with the increased steatosis. Both by microarray and qPCR, Hspb1, a heat-shock protein reported as microbiota modulated15, was significantly downregulated in mice receiving either antibiotic (Supplementary Fig. 2g). The alterations in hepatic gene expression, long after the final antibiotic course, demonstrate that these early-life exposures have metabolic influences, partially conserved across both antibiotic classes, which can be detected long after antibiotic exposure.
To investigate systemic impacts of PAT, metabolic hormones were measured in fasting serum samples at sacrifice. Early-life tylosin or mixture PAT significantly reduced ghrelin compared with controls, whereas amoxicillin showed a lesser effect (Supplementary Fig. 3a–e). Peptide YY, leptin, amylin and insulin did not significantly differ between the groups. As expected, leptin levels were positively correlated with fat mass in control mice alone, PAT mice alone and in all mice (Supplementary Fig. 3g–i). Peptide YY negatively correlated with fat mass in the control mice, as expected, but not in the PAT mice (Supplementary Fig. 3j–l), indicating that PAT had disrupted this metabolic relationship. In all groups, faecal caloric contents decreased over time (Supplementary Fig. 3f), not differing between PAT and control.
PAT-induced microbiota disruption
Microbiota composition was surveyed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene from serial PAT and control pup faecal pellets and from representative mothers (Fig. 3a), yielding 2,683,548 quality-filtered sequences with a mean±s.d. depth of 6,899±3,009 sequences per sample. The richness and Shannon Index remained relatively constant in control mice, with α-diversity similar to their mothers; however, PAT decreased both richness and Shannon evenness even after one antibiotic pulse, with immediate and sustained reductions in diversity more pronounced following tylosin exposure (Fig. 3b). While amoxicillin resulted in milder reductions, there was a progressive loss with each dose, indicating the importance of both class and number of courses. Although the PAT groups largely converged with control over time, differences never fully resolved.
We next examined compositional changes at the phylum level by qPCR and high-throughput sequencing. Following antibiotic cessation and switch to HFD, Bacteroidetes in the mixture group and some of the tylosin mice were dramatically reduced compared with control, whereas little change was observed in the amoxicillin mice (Supplementary Fig. 4a–d). Beyond changes at the phylum level, the microbiota from mice receiving tylosin or the mixture had significantly different overall microbiota composition from controls (adonis test of unweighted UniFrac distances with Bonferroni-corrected P-value<0.05; Supplementary Fig. 4e), detected as early as the first time point (one antibiotic pulse), extending to months after antibiotic cessation. For amoxicillin, a significant shift only was detected after all three pulses, and overall community structure did not differ from controls 1 week after antibiotic cessation and switch to HFD, indicating the much more prolonged effects of the macrolide-based treatments compared with the beta-lactam. Unweighted UniFrac distances by group and cage (Supplementary Fig. 4f) revealed that control microbiota remained relatively homogenous over time (cage 1 and 2); one cage of amoxicillin mice had microbiota similar to control (cage 3), while the other two showed divergence from control either immediately after three pulses of antibiotic (cage 5) or weeks after antibiotic cessation (cage 4). Tylosin and mixture microbiota behaved similarly, regardless of cage, with the greatest divergence after three pulses of antibiotic, and gradually approaching control composition by the end of the experiment. These data indicate that the strong perturbation by macrolide produced consistent effects, whereas the milder disruption by beta-lactam had more variation in microbiota effects.
To identify key members of the microbiota associated with a rapid transition to HFD, we performed area-under-the-curve analysis (Fig. 3c). Especially for the controls, multiple families changed significantly (false-discovery rate-adjusted P-value, q<0.05, Mann–Whitney U-test), either increasing or decreasing after HFD commencement. Members of the phylum Firmicutes have been reported to increase with HFD exposure at the expense of Bacteroidetes16, and such patterns were observed in control mice with the increase of Erysipelotricaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, unclassified Clostridiales and Firmicutes other, and the decrease of Rikenellaceae, Prevotellaceae, Bacteroidales other and Bacteroidetes other. Many similar families were changed in the amoxicillin mice in the same direction, but were not significant. In tylosin mice, changes were partially in the same direction (Streptococcaceae, Clostridiales other, Firmicutes other and Prevotellaceae) and partially in the opposite direction (Erysipelotrichaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidales other and Bacteroidetes other). Thus, the antibiotic exposures modified typical microbiota responses to HFD, with more aberrant responses observed with the macrolide than the beta-lactam.
PAT delays microbiota maturation
Because of the importance of the developing microbiota, we compared the relative maturation rates of control and antibiotic-perturbed microbiota using a Random Forests17 regression model to predict day of life as a function of microbial composition18. Microbial maturity of control samples could be accurately predicted (Supplementary Fig. 5a) using 42 key operational taxonomical units (OTUs; Fig. 4a). Most of these 42 biomarkers showed marked population increases after HFD initiation, with delayed responses in the tylosin and mixture groups (Fig. 4b) accounting for their persistent microbial immaturity through day 142 (Fig. 4c). As the effects of diet and ageing cannot be separated, we constructed a second maturity model for the period of early life before HFD (Supplementary Fig. 5b). In the normally developing (control) mice, several OTUs predominated after weaning, diminished over time and were succeeded by other OTUs. Amoxicillin caused minimal disruption, whereas mixture and tylosin treatment substantially reduced OTUs associated with normal maturation (Supplementary Fig. 5c).
Microbiota-by-age z-scores (MAZ)18 can quantify delayed or accelerated microbiota development in response to an exposure. Dietary composition strongly influences intestinal microbiota19 and thus microbial age predictions; accordingly, some of the control samples immediately shifted after HFD initiation, predicting an older age (Fig. 4c). PAT delayed both maturation and response to HFD, with the greatest effects from tylosin or mixture exposure. The first antibiotic pulse had no effect on microbial maturity, but MAZ dropped substantially after the second pulse, progressively decreasing during the third pulse. The amoxicillin group approached control between pulses, and the MAZ score converged with control after ∼1 week of HFD. The tylosin and mixture groups trended towards control on HFD, but never converged. In total, antibiotic exposure delayed microbiota maturation and response to diet, with both the number of courses and antibiotic class determining the extent of disruption.
Linking perturbation with outcomes
Grouping samples by composition facilitates characterization of microbiota perturbations. Following evidence that human microbiota may segregate into clusters20, we asked whether the PAT-induced microbial shifts could be similarly characterized, and found that four distinct groups best captured the taxonomic variation (Supplementary Fig. 6a). Offspring control microbiota stably clustered with the maternal samples initially (cluster 1), then shifted to a new community state (cluster 4) immediately following introduction of HFD (Fig. 5a). Amoxicillin samples showed mild disruptions for half of the mice after at least two pulses, but converged with controls in cluster 4 shortly after HFD introduction. In tylosin and mixture mice, one tylosin pulse immediately disrupted microbiota, shifting samples to cluster 2 (mildly altered state) or cluster 3 (markedly altered from control). All samples shifted to cluster 3 following at least two doses of tylosin. As with amoxicillin, the samples eventually converged in cluster 4 following HFD, but this recovery was delayed and followed a distinct trajectory (Fig. 5b,c). These community dynamics indicate that sequential antibiotic treatments were more disruptive than single antibiotic exposure, show that tylosin had greater effect on the gut microbiota than amoxicillin and confirm the strong effect of diet on the microbiota19.
Each cluster was characterized by different dominant microbial populations at the phylum and OTU levels (Supplementary Fig. 6b–c). In maternal and normal chow-associated cluster 1, Bacteroidetes (B) and Firmicutes (F) dominated (B>F) and had higher levels of Lactobacillus than other clusters. In response to HFD (cluster 4), the B/F proportions reversed, and the genus Allobaculum, known to be HFD associated13, increased. Similar to HFD, both clusters 2 and 3 (associated with antibiotics) also had F>B, and had large blooms of Verrucomicrobia (Akkermansia), small blooms of Proteobacteria (Enterobacter) and reductions in other taxa. Bacteroidetes was almost completely lost in the tylosin-associated cluster 3, demonstrating that the composition of this cluster was more deviated from baseline than that of the cluster associated with either amoxicillin or one pulse of tylosin (cluster 2).
Because there was variability in the way mice in each antibiotic group responded to and recovered from antibiotics, we next interrogated whether certain microbiota conformations were associated with changes in body composition. We used the cluster identity at day 50 to categorize how the microbiota recovered from antibiotics and responded to HFD in a short time period, and examined the concurrent and later changes in body composition. We found that mice that had a mild dysbiosis in cluster 2 (including mice receiving amoxicillin, tylosin and mixture) had significantly (P<0.05, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post-test) higher total and lean mass, and bone mineral content, area and density at day 50 compared with mice that transitioned directly from normal chow cluster 1 to HFD cluster 4 (all control and three amoxicillin mice) (Fig. 5d). Of these changes, elevated lean mass, bone mineral content and bone mineral density remained significantly elevated at day 135 of life (Fig. 5e). Mice in cluster 3 (tylosin and mixture mice), which exhibited more extensive shifts in the microbiota from control, did not have significant changes in body composition from cluster 2, indicating that a larger perturbation may dampen the growth promotion effect.
PAT alters the intestinal metagenome
In metagenomic analyses of 60 faecal samples subjected to shotgun sequencing at a depth of 5 GB each, all mothers and pre-weaning controls (day 21) segregated together on the basis of hierarchical clustering, with high levels of Lactobacillus, while all but one sample from the antibiotic-treated mice segregated separately and had high levels of A. muciniphila genes (Supplementary Fig. 7). Most (83.3%) of the 18 samples from tylosin mice aggregated together, with substantial Lactobacillus depletion and simultaneous Enterococcus expansion. Consistent with the phylogenetic distribution, nearly all tylosin samples aggregated together when clustered by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) module abundance (Supplementary Fig. 8), with decreases in modules related to glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and tRNA biosynthesis, among others, and increases in modules related to the citric acid cycle and nucleoside (inosine) and amino acid (leucine) biosynthesis, among others. Collectively, these trends provide evidence that PAT, especially tylosin, shaped metabolic gene populations.
To further examine impact on microbiota function, control and PAT metabolic KEGG module abundance was compared using univariate analyses by LEfSe (ref. 21) (Fig. 6a). Compared with control, tylosin significantly affected several metabolic modules in both early-life (normal chow, pre-day 41; Supplementary Fig. 9b) and late-life (HFD, post-day 41; Supplementary Fig. 10b, Supplementary Table 1). Notably, tylosin shifted carbohydrate glycolytic metabolism, depleting the classic Embden–Meyerhoff pathway while increasing the alternate Entner–Doudoroff pathway. Importantly, the early-life tylosin-altered microbial functions related to energy yield from glucose were maintained after antibiotic exposure ceased and diet changed. Amoxicillin also significantly, but less extensively, altered late-life KEGG modules compared with control (Fig. 6a and Supplementary Fig. 10c). Both antibiotics depleted genes related to glycolysis, isoprenoid biosynthesis, tRNA biosynthesis and ribosomes, and enriched genes related to LPS synthesis, proline and vitamin biosynthesis, pyruvate oxidation and molecular transport (Supplementary Table 1). These data indicate metagenomic changes due to the early-life PAT, persisting well into adulthood. The conserved metabolic effects of both antibiotics indicate global, persistent responses to early-life perturbation.
Microbial oxalate-degrading capacity
To assess the impact of PAT on microbial metabolic capacity, we examined the oxalate-degradation pathway, absent in mammals but well-conserved in bacteria. Oxalate is often present in foods of plant origin, and its metabolism and clearance are critical for urologic health in mammals, which rely on gut microbial species for its digestion. We monitored the three microbial oxalate degradation pathway genes, frc, oxc and oxlT (ref. 22), and found that the relative abundance of the linked genes oxc and frc showed nearly identical flux over time in all three experimental groups, whereas oxlT showed overall lower abundances and unique trajectory (Fig. 6b–d). In the controls, relative ortholog abundances generally remained stable near maternal levels, whereas frc and oxc varied dramatically in early-life PAT mice. Compared with maternal samples, faecal oxalate levels were reduced during early life in control and amoxicillin pups, but not in the tylosin pups (Fig. 6e), consistent with simultaneous low oxc and frc relative abundances. Following the second antibiotic pulse, frc and oxc relative abundances declined further in both antibiotic groups. After HFD initiation, as frc and oxc abundances normalized, faecal oxalate levels fell in all groups.
Because different orthologous genes within bacterial populations may account for the substantial intergroup oxlT relative abundance differences, we examined the responsible variants. Hierarchical clustering (Fig. 6f) showed deep branching, with samples from tylosin mice clustering at one pole and those from mother, pre-weaning control and day 21 amoxicillin mice at the other. The tylosin samples showed unique orthologs not otherwise detectable in control. A large ortholog set, detected uniformly across control and PAT mice, appeared solely after HFD introduction. The relative abundance of the oxlT orthologs in the amoxicillin mice over time was similar to controls, whereas tylosin mice were markedly altered in early-life, with partial recovery by late adulthood (Fig. 6g).
Distinct disruption and recovery patterns (p1–p6) could be detected for oxlT, which can serve as a proxy for disruption and recovery of broader microbiota functions (Fig. 6g). Pattern p1 contained orthologs exclusive to PAT mice, predominantly in the tylosin mice, disappearing only in the final sample obtained long after antibiotic cessation. In contrast, patterns p3 and p4 included orthologs absent in tylosin mice either entirely or during development, or reestablished at the final time sampled, respectively. Patterns p5 and p6 corresponded to orthologs appearing after HFD introduction in all mice. In total, the substantial flux in early-life (tylosin>amoxicillin) metagenomic content was consistent with the 16S data. Through metagenomic sequencing and metabolite characterization, we detected a microbial pathway strongly influenced by PAT and dietary alterations, differing by antibiotic regimen, with partial functional recovery by gain of redundant genes.
PAT selects for antimicrobial resistance genes
Multiple classes of antibiotic resistance-associated genes were examined by mapping the metagenomic reads to the resistance gene database. Among genes related to macrolide resistance, four—acrA, acrB, ant3Ia and ant2Ia—were present at very low frequency (<10−7) among dams (Fig. 7a–d). However, all three mice in the tylosin group showed blooms of these genes to ∼10−4, as did one of the mice receiving amoxicillin. No controls showed a change in frequency of these genes. The same mouse receiving amoxicillin and the three tylosin-receiving mice all had blooms of ampC, a beta-lactamase gene (Fig. 7e). For 15 tetracycline genes (Fig. 7f) and for hundreds of other genes in the metagenome, there were no differences between mothers, controls and antibiotic-receiving mice, indicating a lack of selection for their resistances.
Antibiotic use is widespread in the US and worldwide, especially in young children1, and the development of the early-life microbiota is important for many aspects of health and disease6,18. In this manuscript, we explore the effects of antibiotics of commonly prescribed classes on gut microbiota maturation, recovery from antibiotics and response to HFD. While we are limited in drawing causal conclusions between microbiota alterations and physiological outcomes, we provide characterization of the microbiota recovery (resilience) after early-life antibiotic exposures.
We created a murine model of early life pulsed antibiotic treatment in conjunction with later HFD to understand the long-term consequences of therapeutic-level antibiotics on microbial ecology, function and ability to adapt to stressors. We found that PAT affected both the host, with early effects on growth and body composition, and the microbiome, with marked metagenomic composition and functional changes, with similar patterns of disruption, recovery and response to HFD in both the 16S and metagenomic data. Consistent with the prior STAT models, in which low-dose (sub-therapeutic) antibiotic treatment was administered over a longer period12,13, we observed early growth acceleration despite different exposure patterns and antibiotic classes. PAT increased lean mass in all PAT groups, bone in amoxicillin-treated mice, and trended towards increased fat in tylosin-treated mice. Both bone and fat are of mesenchymal origin, suggesting that effects of antibiotic exposure may be partially mediated by altered mesenchymal stem-like cell differentiation23. Further studies are needed to explore this hypothesis. Compared with the STAT studies, the gain in fat mass was of lower magnitude and duration, suggesting that therapeutic courses of antibiotics may yield a more limited effect on long-term metabolic outcomes.
Beyond changes in body composition and growth, PAT altered hepatic gene expression and a metabolic hormone level long after antibiotics were stopped, indicating the metabolic effects were systemic. In terms of liver adiposity, tylosin increased microsteatosis, which has been linked with mitochondrial oxidative stress, but not macrosteatosis, which is associated with metabolic aberrations including obesity, insulin resistance, alcoholism and malnutrition24. Hepatic changes could be mediated by several factors, including influence from secreted microbial products via the enterohepatic circulation, a direct effect of antibiotics25, or an indirect reflection of the altered metabolic status of the rapidly growing PAT mice. These observations raise the possibility that early-life antibiotic treatment may influence metabolic phenotypes in humans if there are similar effects from paediatric exposures.
Unlike observations in agriculture, in which a range of sub-therapeutic antibiotics result in similar growth promotion effects9, PAT-mediated effects on host phenotype differed substantially by antibiotic class. Although further studies are needed to explore the mechanism through which antibiotics yield disparate effects, our metabolic studies of oxalate yield initial contributions. Mice receiving amoxicillin had lower faecal oxalate levels than mice receiving tylosin and higher levels of oxalate-degradation genes, indicating removal of a major calcium-binding anion from the gastrointestinal lumen. One explanation for the amoxicillin group having greater bone mineral density than the tylosin group is consistent with enhanced microbial oxalate degradation, which could potentially free calcium for gastrointestinal absorption and augment bone mineral density.
The intestinal microbiota can rapidly shift in response to diet, which may reflect evolutionary advantages for the microbes, host or both. Here the microbiota in control mice rapidly shift to cluster 4 within 1 day of HFD. Conversely, for mice that had already been exposed to a first ecological ‘hit’ of antibiotic treatment, the response to HFD, a second hit, was different: the majority of the PAT mice resisted adapting to the HFD, only shifting to the HFD cluster weeks to months after introduction. Of note, three amoxicillin mice clustered with controls throughout the experiment, demonstrating that when the antibiotic treatment had minimal effects on the microbiota community structure, dietary responses were normal.
Cluster analysis also suggests that the extent of microbiota perturbation may help determine antibiotic-mediated changes in body composition: some perturbation is required for the effect, but too much blunt the effect. Mice whose microbiota were able to rapidly adapt to HFD (cluster 4 one day after HFD initiation), including both control and amoxicillin mice, weighed less than mice with mildly altered microbiota and lagged dietary responses (cluster 2 one week after HFD), suggesting that taxonomic differences could alter physiological outcomes when challenged with HFD. Allobaculum that we have previously linked with promoting metabolic health13 is depleted, while Lachnospiraceae that we have previously linked with antibiotic-induced obesity12 is enriched in cluster 2. That these taxonomic associations are consistent across independent studies with different antibiotic regimens provides support for their potential metabolic involvement. In contrast to mice with mild perturbation, mice with a major disruption (cluster 3 one week after HFD), which included near elimination of the prominent gut phylum Bacteroidetes, did not show elevated weight gain. The intestinal microbiota can contribute to overall energy harvest, and multiple high-dose antibiotics that severely impact the microbiota can lead to weight loss or have no effect on weight26,27. All three antibiotic regimens were able to lead to mild disruption following HFD, whereas only treatments involving the macrolide led to major disruptions. Thus, we have identified two different potential outcomes from antibiotic treatment with alternate effects on weight. The association between mild disruption and weight gain is consistent with our prior STAT studies, in which low-dose antibiotics lead to a minor microbiota disruption and elevated weight and adiposity13.
The dominance of A. muciniphila following antibiotic exposure, particularly tylosin, is noteworthy. In humans, Akkermansia populations may bloom after antibiotic courses28. Levels are inversely correlated with body weight29 and bloom in hibernating animals30. The ‘probiotic’ administration of A. muciniphila has improved glucose tolerance and reduced inflammation in adipose tissues31. In contrast, A. muciniphila was enriched in the gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus32. The high prevalence of Akkermansia in the antibiotic-associated clusters 2 and 3, compared with low levels in the control and HFD-associated clusters 1 and 4, may simply reflect antibiotic perturbation of the microbiome, as in humans28. These observations are consistent with our earlier view33 that Akkermansia may represent an opportunistic microbe that flourishes when ecosystems are disrupted.
Our studies in a mouse model show profound effects of the two most widely prescribed antibiotic classes used in human children2 on the microbiota and metagenome, from the earliest dose delivered through the mother’s milk and persisting long after antibiotic cessation. The observed effects have potential clinical implications. For example, both antibiotics selected for microbiota with altered central carbohydrate metabolism characteristics. The decreases in central glycolytic (Embden–Meyerhoff) pathways and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis co-occurred with increases in many nutrient transporters and other carbohydrate-processing pathways, suggesting a global switch in selection from production mode to transport/scavenging mode. Further, PAT, especially tylosin, disrupted oxalate metabolism at both the ortholog and metabolite levels. Changes in intestinal oxalate levels may contribute to a range of clinical syndromes, from impacting serum calcium concentration and bone density (discussed above) to producing hyperoxaluria and an increased risk for kidney stones14. Although our functional analysis in this paper focused on oxalate, the fact that changes in gene expression corresponded with changes in measured oxalate excretion provides evidence that changes to the microbiota were not merely substitutional. Future functional studies can expand on this finding to delineate the specific metabolic implications of PAT.
While analyses of mice are not always applicable to humans, the observed phenotypes and reductions in diversity mirror developmental effects of early-life antibiotic use in human cohort studies. For example, adults in developed countries have diminished gut microbiota diversity compared with those from areas without extensive modernization34; early-life antibiotic exposures could partially account for those findings35,36. Four recent epidemiologic studies have shown increased adiposity in children who were exposed to antibiotics early in life35,37,38,39. This finding was consistent despite differences in study design, size, geographic location and antibiotics to which children were exposed. Development of animal models to better understand the demonstrated impact of antibiotics on the microbiome and growth and development are therefore critically important.
While there is heightened concern for disrupting the early-life microbiota, antibiotic disruptions in adults may also be important. Adult human studies have similarly demonstrated that different classes of antibiotics impact the gut microbiome to varying degrees (for example, amoxicillin has a less disruptive effect than vancomycin)7. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment in adults has been linked to recent weight gain40 and increased risk of type 2 diabetes41, especially after multiple courses or sustained exposure. Future studies are warranted to examine the impact of PAT at multiple phases of life, early and late.
In addition to effects on metabolism, an altered microbiota could also confer enhanced antibiotic resistance. Our metagenomic studies also provide evidence for the direct and indirect selection of antibiotic resistance genes by both PAT antibiotics, consistent with each antibiotic selecting for microbial strains containing integron(s) expressing multiple resistances. While antimicrobial resistance was not the primary focus of this study, future studies can further elucidate the pattern of gene expansion and recovery over time during and after antibiotic exposure. More information about the ways in which such changes affect the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal infection or host resistance to infection may have clinical implications.
Our study has limitations. While we demonstrate murine phenotypic differences associated with altered taxa and metagenome, causality was not established. This study cannot exclude the possibility that some of the phenotypic effects of PAT resulted directly from antibiotic exposure, rather than from microbiota-mediated changes; for example, macrolides are known to directly impact hepatic physiology25. However, the significant overlap in hepatic gene expression profiles in the amoxicillin- and tylosin-exposed mice was not consistent with a macrolide effect alone. In the STAT models, cecal content transplants to germ-free mice transferred growth, adiposity and immunologic phenotypes13, establishing the centrality of the microbiota in that antibiotic effects model. Parallel PAT models using germ-free mice will be needed to definitively establish causal relationships. Consideration was given to whether a cage effect contributes to the consistency of microbiota changes among mice exposed to the same antibiotic (Fig. 3d). As expected, co-housed mice were more similar than non-co-housed. However, regardless of cage assignment, all mice that received tylosin (tylosin and mixture groups) were far more similar to each other than to control mice or those that received amoxicillin. That patterns of microbial clustering were consistent based on antibiotic exposure, regardless of caging, providing evidence that cage effect does not explain the observed phenomena.
Pulsed antibiotic treatment affected the metabolism of young mice. Although differences were observed and the overall magnitude was small, both the beta-lactam (amoxicillin) and the macrolide (tylosin) significantly affected early growth, lean muscle mass, bone development and hepatic gene expression. Because the antibiotics used represent the classes most widely prescribed to children, and that our findings were consistent with effects of early life sub-therapeutic antibiotic exposures12,13, this new model extends hypotheses that early-life antibiotic exposures could have long-term developmental metabolic effects, as supported by animal models12,13 and human epidemiological studies26,35,37,38,39. In addition, early-life PAT had extensive effects on the gut microbiota that continued at least 120 days after the last exposure, involving changes in both richness and community structure; an unexpected finding, but clear and consistent. These phenomena require further study, especially to characterize the extent of perturbation and establish whether the microbes or antibiotics are the drivers of physiological changes.
Male and female C57BL/6J mice were obtained at 6 weeks of age from The Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME) and bred to produce the study group litters. Mice were weaned at day 27 and separated by sex to retain only females. Runts, defined as mice weighing less than two s.d. below the mean weight of female C57BL/6J mice at day 28 of life (Jackson Laboratory Mouse Phenome Database), were excluded from the experiment. All retained mice within each litter remained in the same treatment group and were co-housed with each other only; mice from separate litters within the same treatment group were maintained in separate cages. Each treatment group included mice from at least two different litters (see Fig. 3d). Mice were maintained on a 12-h light/dark cycle and allowed ad libitum access to food and water. At day 41, mice were switched from standard 10% kcal fat rodent chow (PicoLab Rodent Diet 20; LabDiet, Brentwood, MO) to 45% kcal fat rodent chow (OpenSource Diets D12451; Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ) (Supplementary Figure 1). All mouse protocols were approved by the New York University School of Medicine Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
Mice were divided into four study groups; control mice received no antibiotics, while treatment group mice received three antibiotic courses: at days 10–15, 28–31 and 37–40 of life, amoxicillin, tylosin or mixture (sequential courses of tylosin, amoxicillin and tylosin). Among the macrolides, tylosin was selected owing to its water solubility, stability of solution at room temperature and well-documented pharmacokinetics in animals42.
Tylosin tartrate and amoxicillin trihydrate (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) were dissolved in distilled deionized water at concentrations of 0.333 and 0.167 mg ml−1, respectively, to provide mice with 50 mg of tylosin or 25 mg of amoxicillin per kg body mass per day, based on an estimated daily water consumption of 150 ml per kg body mass. Untreated water, provided by the facility, was acidified to ∼pH 2.7. Experimental antibiotic doses were determined based on pharmacokinetics of typical human paediatric exposures. In human children, amoxicillin dosed at 45 mg kg−1 per day achieved a peak serum concentration of 7.4 μg ml−1 over an average of 3 days43 with an average time to peak of 1–2 h (http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2008/050542s24,050754s11,050760s10,050761s10lbl.pdf). As the recommended dose for infants ≤3 months of age is 30 mg kg−1 per day, very young children are likely exposed to a slightly lower peak serum concentration. In rodents, oral administration of 25 mg kg−1 of amoxicillin achieves similar pharmacokinetic parameters, peaking in less than an hour at a concentration of 5.0 μg ml−1 in the plasma, with a half life of 0.3 h (refs 44, 45). In human children, the therapeutic macrolide azithromycin dosed at 10 (day 1) and 5 (days 2–5) mg kg−1 per day, a recommended regimen for acute otitis media ( http://labeling.pfizer.com/ShowLabeling.aspx?id=511) achieves a peak serum concentration of 0.2 μg ml−1 with an average time to peak of 1.8 h (ref. 46). In rodents, oral administration of 50 mg kg−1 of tylosin, a veterinary macrolide, achieves similar pharmacokinetic parameters42, peaking at 1.5 h at a serum concentration of ≤1.0 and with a half-life of 0.4 h following intravenous injection.
Body composition and growth rate analyses
Beginning at day 21 of life, body weights were measured daily for the first weeks of life, then weekly in mid- and late-life, on an Ohaus CS200 electronic scale. Body composition, including total body, lean and fat mass, percent body fat, bone mineral content, bone area and bone mineral density, was determined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) with a Lunar PIXImus II mouse densitometer (GE Medical Systems, Waukesha, WI), as described12 on or near days 28, 45, 90 and 135 of life. Anaesthesia was maintained with 0.5% isofluorane in oxygen. Mice were sacrificed by CO2 narcosis and cervical dislocation and blood was collected via cardiac puncture and the liver and pancreas were collected. All samples were either fixed in formalin or snap frozen and stored at −80 °C until processing.
Serum hormone analysis
A protease inhibitor solution contained 0.1 ml protease inhibitor cocktail (AEBSF, aprotinin, bestatin, EDTA, E-64, leupeptin; Sigma Aldrich), 0.1 g 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF; Sigma Aldrich), and 0.9 ml dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDPIV) inhibitor solution (EMD Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA). Blood collected at sacrifice was mixed 100:1 with the stock protease inhibitor. Blood cells and serum were separated by centrifugation (1,000g for 10 min) and serum was frozen at −70 °C. Serum specimens (100 μl) were examined using a Mouse Gut Hormone Panel (EMD Millipore Corporation) using a Luminex 200 analyser (Millipore). Two-sided Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests were used for group comparisons.
Statistical analysis of longitudinal weight and DEXA data
Longitudinal analysis of early-life (weeks 3–5) and mid- and late-life (weeks 6–24) weights were modeled by a linear trend model. For early life weight, the daily group means of mouse weight were fit into the following model:
For mid- and late-life weights, the weekly group means of mouse weight were fit into the following linear spline model with common knots at week 15:
where Yij is the weight of ith mouse at the jth time point; group=0 indicates the control group and Group=1 indicates the PAT group; and (x)+ is defined as a function that equals x when x is positive and is equal to zero otherwise. With the above models, we performed the group comparisons of changing trends over the periods of weeks 3–5, 6–14 and 15–24 (‘early’, ‘mid’ and ‘late’, respectively). Group means of DEXA measurements also were fit to a linear spline model similar to equation (2) with two common knots at week 6 and 15 and analysed over the same ‘early’, ‘mid’ and ‘late’ periods. The MIXED procedures of SAS software (version 9.2; SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) were used to perform the tests and calculate the estimates.
Statistical analysis of qPCR data
The normality of the data was first tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Two sided t-test and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests were used for group comparison on the normal and non-normal data separately.
Statistical analysis of serum data
Two-sided Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests were used for group comparison.
DNA isolation and analysis
Beginning at day 21 of life, faecal pellets were collected daily for the first weeks of life, and weekly in mid- and late-life, then stored at −20 °C until processing. DNA was extracted from pellets using the PowerSoil DNA isolation kit (Mo Bio Laboratories Inc., Carlsbad, CA) and stored at −20 °C. qPCR was performed in duplicate, using the SYBR Green 1 Master Kit on a LightCycler 480 (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN). Bacterial standards were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector following standard procedures and purified using plasmid purification QIAfilter Midi Kit (QIAGEN Inc., Valencia, CA), using described protocols and primers for total bacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes47. For fixed time point statistical comparisons, a Shapiro–Wilk normality test was first performed on each qPCR variable for each group. Two-sided t-tests and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests were used for group comparisons on the normal and non-normal data, respectively.
Histology and immunohistochemistry
Liver and pancreas tissue specimens were collected into formalin at sacrifice. Specimens were processed on a Tissue Tek VIP E150/300 tissue processor (Sakura Finetek USA Inc., Torrance, CA) and embedded in paraffin. Digital image analysis of liver samples was performed as described48. Hematoxylin–and-eosin-stained liver sections were assessed blindly and independently by two readers. Ten arbitrarily selected images at × 200 magnification for each mouse liver biopsy were produced to ensure a representative sample for each specimen. Extent of steatosis, lobular inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning were assessed using the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Activity Scoring System49. Hepatocyte percent in each specimen exhibiting any degree of steatosis was assigned a score as follows: 0=<5%, 1=5–14%, 2=15–29%, 3=30–65% and 4=>65%, as described. Micro- and macro-vesicular steatosis were defined as diameter ≤15 and >15 μm, respectively. Steatosis with diameter ≤1 μm, difficult to differentiate from staining artifacts or heptocyte ballooning, was excluded from the scoring assessment. Steatosis, lobular inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning also were scored using the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Activity Scoring System by a third reader examining the entirety of each liver specimen at × 200 magnification. Hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained pancreas sections were similarly assessed blindly and independently by two readers, counting the number of islets per slide and measuring the diameter of the largest islet in each slide and the number of constituent cells.
Liver gene expression
Liver sections collected at sacrifice were kept overnight in RNAlater at 4 °C and then stored dry at −80 °C. Total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Total RNA quantity was determined by Nanodrop ND-1000 and quality was determined by agarose gel and the Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer. Total RNA was used to prepare cDNA following the 3′ IVT Express Kit labelling protocol (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) and hybridized to the Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array chip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) for expression profiling of PAT and control groups. Microarray data were analysed using the Limma package in the R interface. The raw microarray data were normalized using the robust multi-array average method50. Differentially expressed genes were found using the empirical Bayes moderated t-statistics51. Probes with P-value<0.01 and |log2fold change| >0.5 were considered to be differentially expressed. Alterations in predicted biological functions were detected with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Qiagen, Germantown, MD).
For validation by qPCR, 1 μg of total RNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA using SuperScript II reverse transcriptase (Applied Biosystems). To design primers for genes of interest and housekeeping genes, Ensembl and Primer3 were used. Primer pairs were designed to span the intron closest to the 3′ end of the simplest protein-coding transcript. qPCR was performed on a 384-well plate with Power SYBR Green (Applied Biosystems) and run on a ViiA7 Real Time qPCR system (Applied Biosystems), using 0.5 μM primer concentration and 75 ng of cDNA. Target mRNA was normalized using the ΔΔCt method. All target genes were normalized to GAPDH mRNA. Liver Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and Hspb1 cDNA transcripts were quantified by RT–qPCR using the Roche LightCycler480 with the following cycling parameters: 95 °C 5 min, then 45 cycles of 95 °C 10 s, 60 °C 10 s and 72 °C 20 s. Primers for GAPDH were F: 3′-TGGTGAAGGTCGGTGTGAAC-5′, R: 3′-CCATGTAGTTGAGGTCAATGAAGG-5′, and primers for Hspb1 were F: 3′-GGCTACATCTCTCGGTGCTT-5′, R: 3′-CTCAGGGGATAGGGAAGAGG-5′.
Faecal calories were measured using a Parr 6725 Semi-micro calorimeter. Faecal pellets obtained during experiment days 31, 69, 101, 123 and 160 were dehydrated overnight at 56 °C with a silica gel desiccant. The calorimeter was calibrated at the start of each day’s run using a benzoic acid standard to determine the energy equivalent value. After the experimental calorimetric measurements were obtained, the energy equivalent value was verified using a second benzoic acid standard to ensure intra-run machine consistency. The final results were corrected for fuse length and expressed as calories per gram of dry sample weight.
Faecal oxalate assay
Faecal oxalate levels were measured by enzymatic determination (Trinity Biotech Oxalate Kit, Jamestown, NY). Individual faecal pellets were lyophilized for 24 h and then rehydrated with 500 μl of water, vortex-mixed, acidified to pH<1 with 10N HCl, vortex-mixed, centrifuged at 10,000g for 15 min, and the supernatant was used for oxalate detection. All reagent and sample amounts were adjusted to 0.1 × of the kit protocol. Each sample was run in duplicate, absorbance was measured at 595 nm, and the means for duplicate samples normalized to dry weight.
Faecal pellets from three representative mice from the control, tylosin and amoxicillin groups at six time points each, as well as six pre-birth samples from mothers, underwent metagenomic analysis generating 5 GB/sample for a total of 300 GB. Shotgun samples were barcoded and introduced to the Illumina HiSeq instrument to produce 100 base-paired end reads (Supplementary Table 2). Sequences for each sample were filtered for contaminants from the mouse genome using bwa default parameters and for low-complexity regions using dust52. Reads were aligned53 to a reference genome database including bacterial, archaeal, lower eukaryotic and viral genomes, and a phylogenetic map was developed. In brief, the cleaned reads were aligned to a database of nearly 6,000 reference genome sequences as described54 using CLC (CLCbio) with the parameters –l 0.75 –s 0.8, requiring alignments to meet an 80% id+75% aligned length cutoff. The breadth (percent of covered bases over the length of the reference genome) and depth (sum of the depths of each covered base divided by the length of the genome) of coverage were calculated based on all alignments of each genome represented in the database using RefCov ( http://gmt.genome.wustl.edu/packages/refcov/index.html). The genomes with substantial alignments (>1% depth and 1% breadth) were accepted. The coverage values were then normalized to aligned reads to calculate depth of coverage per million reads values. The depth of coverage per million reads values were clustered using the Manhattan distance metric with R and the resulting newick tree was visualized in iTOL55.
Metagenomic shotgun reads from each sample were searched against the KEGG gene database (version 58) using Mblastx56 with the following parameters "-M 30 -m 20 -e 1 -f S ". The search results were run through HUMAnN57, a pipeline developed for obtaining enzyme and pathway abundance and coverage from metagenomic communities. Differentially expressed enzymes and pathways were identified using LEfSe21 with default parameters.
Metagenomic analysis of microbial oxalate metabolism
To perform functional analysis of microbial oxalate degradation, query contigs were assembled using the CLC de novo assembler as noted above, using all reads mapping to the three oxalate metabolizing genes (frc, oxc and oxlT) present in the KEGG orthology compendium. The resulting contigs were mapped using BLASTX58 against all microbial sequences stored in KEGG (as of December 2012) that satisfied quality fitness scores. Output was generated in BLASTX format 8 (‘-mformat 8’ BLASTX parameter), as FASTA data files collected on a per-sample basis. Output files were processed via HUMAnN57 to obtain relative abundance of the corresponding KEGG orthologous oxalate metabolizing genes (referred as genomic identifiers (GIDs)). To determine most impactful (dietary or antibiotic) environmental factors, hierarchical cluster analysis of ortholog presence was performed based on Euclidean distance of GID using the heatmap function, part of the R core package59. To visualize relative abundance of presence patterns, abundance quantification as output by HUMAnN was formatted and generated using the R function ggplot2 (ref. 60). Quantitation of total GID fluctuation of the oxalate-metabolizing genes by experimental group and by time point was performed using the Python scripting language, processing raw output from HUMAnN into R-compatible data tables.*****
Microbial 16S informatics
For each of the study mice, 14 timed samples were studied and several samples from the mothers also were examined, for a total of 338 samples. The methods used for 16S rRNA sequencing were those of the Human Microbiome Project61. Roche 454 sequencing of the V3–V5 regions on the 454 FLX platform was performed. The average number of reads was nearly 7,000 per sample, which was sub-sampled to an average of 3,000 reads to reduce the variation in sampling per sample. The downstream processing of 16S rRNA sequences was performed as previously described62. In short, the quality-filtered sequences were clustered in QIIME v1.3.063 into 97% identity OTUs. The clusters and representative sequences were determined using UCLUST programme64, followed by taxonomy assignment using the RDP Classifier65 executed at 80% bootstrap confidence cutoff. Phylogenetic relationship between the OTUs was determined by application of FASTTREE to the PyNAST66 alignment of the representative sequences with the Greengenes core-set alignment template. The obtained phylogenetic tree and abundance tables were used to calculate unweighted and weighted UniFrac β diversity indices67. The OTU absolute abundance table and UniFrac β diversity matrices were extracted from the pipeline for further analysis in the R statistical programming environment59.
We followed the approach of Arumugam et al.20 to cluster the microbial communities using the partitioning around medoids method68 on the square root of the Jensen–Shannon divergence distances. The Calinski–Harabasz index69 was used to establish the optimal number of clusters. The clustering was visualized on the principal coordinate analyses using R package ade4 (ref. 70).
Microbiota maturity analysis
A random forests17 regression model was trained on the control microbiota over the course of the experiment to predict chronological age as a function of microbial composition, as described18. Each model was built growing 10,000 trees per forest and n/3 variables (OTUs) randomly sampled at each split, where n is the total number of OTUs in each model. The model was first generated using all OTUs, then refined using 100-fold cross-validation to determine the minimum number of predictive OTUs required to minimize model error, based on % decrease in mean square error. From this, 42 OTUs were selected to train the final model and explained 81.3% of the total variation of the model. OTU importance was ranked by the % increase in mean square error that occurs when that OTU is removed from the model. The maturity index model was used to predict day of life based on microbiota composition. The mouse age predicted by the model (microbiota age) was used to calculated microbial maturity and MAZ as described18, using the following formulae:
Microbial maturity (MM)=microbiota age−median microbiota age of control mice of similar age.
MAZ=MM/s.d. of microbiota age of control mice of similar age.
Significant differences in average MAZ for control and PAT mice at each time point were calculated with one-way ANOVA, followed by Fisher’s least significant difference tests with false-discovery rate error correction. OTU relative abundances were plotted on a heatmap using R package heatmap.2.
Antimicrobial resistance gene analysis
Host contamination free and high-quality metagenomic shotgun reads were aligned to the Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database ( http://ardb.cbcb.umd.edu/) using RAPSearch2 ( http://omics.informatics.indiana.edu/mg/RAPSearch2/), a translated alignment tool. Resistance gene reads were defined if reads were at least 90% identity to the reference at amino acid level and 75% of the read length was mapped to the reference.
Accession codes: The microbial 16S rRNA and metagenomic data have been deposited in the SRA database under the project number PRJNA283552. The liver microarray data have been deposited in the GEO database under accession code GSE68603.
How to cite this article: Nobel, Y. R. et al. Metabolic and metagenomic outcomes from early-life pulsed antibiotic treatment. Nat. Commun. 6:7486 doi: 10.1038/ncomms8486 (2015).
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Supported in part by R01-DK090989, 1UL1RR029893, U54HG004968 from the NIH, by the Knapp Family Fund, Ziff Fund, Diane Belfer Program for Human Microbial Ecology, and by the C & D Fund. We thank the Microbial Genomics Group at The Genome Institute at Washington University School of Medicine for production and analysis support. We thank Hao Chen, PhD for help with data deposition. This work has utilized computing resources at the High Performance Computing Facility of the Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics at the NYU Langone Medical Center.
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Nobel, Y., Cox, L., Kirigin, F. et al. Metabolic and metagenomic outcomes from early-life pulsed antibiotic treatment. Nat Commun 6, 7486 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8486
Mucosal Immunology (2022)
Microbial Ecology (2022)
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Oral iron supplementation after antibiotic exposure induces a deleterious recovery of the gut microbiota
BMC Microbiology (2021) | <urn:uuid:411d98f7-ac99-4455-a95c-9355e83c4633> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms8486?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a2c74245-3e19-4969-b7fa-6fdd0efd6410 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.904064 | 16,196 | 3.390625 | 3 |
A term in prison might look hopeless or gloomy, but inmates who are released often vouch for the fact that there were lessons learned behind the ‘bars’.
However, that is for those who spend their jail terms in full and experience a transformation as inmates. This time spent in a cell can be termed as a period of transition. Such questions arise now with the social interest generated following the pardoning of Royal Park murder convict Jude Shramantha Anthony Jayamaha. Following the presidential pardon he could step into society again.
There are others like Jude in the many prisons that are maintained to make culprits pay for their sins. There were past presidents who gave presidential pardons to inmates. The incumbent President Maithripala Sirisena has given instructions to release as many as 267 inmates who are serving terms for offences which do not fall into a list containing 40 serious crimes, which if committed would not support a pardoning.
It’s applaudable that the head of State has released so many inmates on humanitarian grounds. At the time of penning this column, this writer recalls a saying that was scribbled in one of the island’s prisons at one time. It said, “My mother knows who I am”.
Prisoners too are human beings and there is room for us to think that the president gave the pardons entirely on humanitarian grounds.
But there are critics who opine that the President gave pardons to so many just to initiate a balancing act. There was somewhat of a public outcry when Jude was released from the Kuruwita Prison where he was on death-row after a 12-year-term was later overturned by the Appeal Court to a death sentence. The loved ones of the teenager whom Jude killed (The deceased was identified as a Girl from Sweden) also conveyed their disappointment regarding the president’s decision to grant the pardon. There are many others as well when it comes to dreaming of seeing the sun rise outside the prison gates.
We hear that there are ex-military men behind bars for committing crimes that are not so severe. There are also terrorist suspects, without formal charges being filed against them, who are counting the iron bars in the cells. Life seems hopeless to most of them; especially for those who were ‘framed’ or were forced into crimes. We know that the drug barons hardly get caught and it’s their henchmen who stick their necks out and have brushes with the law.
In connection with the large number of presidential pardons being granted there are also those who’ll see their death sentences being changed to life sentences.
Sri Lanka is a majority Buddhist country where the death sentence was shelved for many years before it was reintroduced through an initiative of President Sirisena. Though Sirisena was adamant in sending selected convicted drug lords to the gallows, we didn’t see anyone’s neck snap.
This is a country where there have been individuals who claim that life inside the cell was better than what’s on offer outside. The present times offer Jude with an opportunity to reflect on whether the time spent ‘inside’ cleaned his inner self and brought out better human qualities. | <urn:uuid:d37556b0-6df9-4feb-a85c-8e830cf6ad4b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dailymirror.lk/Opinion/Learning-curves-inside-prisons-EDITORIAL/231-177930 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.982605 | 663 | 1.875 | 2 |
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The foreign exchange (Forex) market is the world’s largest financial market. This market trades in the exchange rates of the entire planet through decentralized market mechanisms; this is where the value of each currency is traded. But what is a foreign currency and how is it different from a domestic currency? How and why was […]
APIs are the future of automated banking services. Albert Pla, Head of SME eSales in BBVA Global Markets, tells us about this technology. APIs are one of the newest and most highly anticipated tools in Open Banking. They can automate business processes and allow bank transactions to be carried out without leaving the company’s work […]
Spain is in the midst of a banking transformation toward open banking thanks to the regulatory impulse at European level. However, adoption among bank customers is still too slow, which will have consequences in the future. In Spain, the digital transformation of banking, rather than a future promise, is already a reality. This new financial […] | <urn:uuid:8fc0b204-f668-4fcf-a2e8-b032380ac126> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bbvaapimarket.com/en/api-world/visualization-innovachallenge-mx-world-cartodb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.9474 | 216 | 1.523438 | 2 |
On the last Cynchronicity Live webcast, I demonstrated Japanese Sumi-e Painting. Sumi-e means ink picture and was brought to Japan from China so if you’re familiar with Chinese brush painting, you will note many similarities between the two.
Materials used in Sumi-e painting:
Pictured above: Grinding stone and ink stick
The Suzuri (Ink Grinding Stone) has a flat stone, indentation and well. A small amount of water is put into the well and then you rub ink stick back and forth drawing moisture from the well to the surface of the stone. The time it takes for properly grinding the ink can take up to half an hour and this is supposed to be used as a time of contemplation and reflection. When it’s time to paint, it is best to use a white (preferably ceramic) palette. Move ink from the grinding stone to the palette and then add water to create 5-7 shades of ink. It is difficult to see the true shade of the ink on the grinding stone and the white palette allows you to see the shades more easily.
There are two kinds of ink sticks available:
Yuen-boku: which is made from lampsoot (warm in tone)
Shoen-boku: which is made from pine soot (cool in tone, slightly bluish)
Often dedicated Sumi-e artists will have both types of ink sticks available so that they can achieve both tones. In most beginning Sumi-e kits available on the market, they provide Yuen-boku.
Hake: This is a big flat goat hair brush, used mainly for applying washes as backgrounds
Papers: Papers used for Sumi-e painting vary in strength and smoothness but are often varieties of rice paper.
Grass paper – less absorbent, considered better for practice as it allows more control of the ink, tears more easily and thus is not as appropriate for larger or more detailed paintings
Xuan paper – high absorbency, the white colour keeps from interfering with true colours you are using
Shikishi paper – stronger more durable rice paper, nice smooth surface, good absorbency (my favourite one to use)
Felt mat: This is used under the paper for absorption as paper is very porous. A white piece of felt is best as there are no worries of the dye from the felt coming off onto your paper.
Paperweight: It can often be helpful to use a paperweight to hold paper down and prevent curling.
Methods: The traditional way of teaching Sumi-e is with the Four Gentlemen method. The Four Gentleman are Bamboo, Orchid, Chrysanthemum, and Plum. Each of these teaches four basic groups of strokes. In this webcast, I show some of the basic strokes used in painting bamboo.
Hold the brushes with thumb and forefinger, just past center, closest to bristles. There are two main positions for holding the brushes:
Choko-hitsu position – straight up and down, great for line drawing
Soku-hitsu position – slanted position, drawing with a more generous ink flow
When finished painting, it is important to clean the grinding stone and brushes well with clean cool water (no soap) after use. A build-up of ink on any of your supplies can interfere with getting good clean results next time.
To learn more of the tips and tricks for this type of painting and to see the bamboo painting techniques in action, check out the recording of Cynchronicity Live, March 21, 2012: https://www.linqto.com/PlaybackRoom.aspx?roomname=creativeedventures&name=SingleExplicit_2012_03_21_20_00_07_186 | <urn:uuid:c479320d-869a-4259-84f5-276163a675c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://creativecynchronicity.com/japanese-sumi-e-painting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.935393 | 795 | 2.375 | 2 |
Protests broke out outside Cleveland City Hall Friday night.
“I was so angry. I don’t know if I’ve ever been so angry in my entire life,” said Lee Thompson, a member of Standup4AbortionRight Cleveland chapter.
SkyFOX was in the air as around 200 people demonstrated in the aftermath of a ruling that ended a constitutional right to abortion.
“I feel like we are all sad and angry, especially about what could happen now that this happened,” said Anna Bachman, a protestor.
An emotional crowd talked, walked and some even blocked traffic at the intersection of E. 9th Street and Lakeside Avenue.
Outside the federal courthouse, Cleveland Right to Life and members of the anti-abortion community celebrated the decision.
“We are absolutely elated, we are thrilled. We are so grateful to God and the six Justices that had the courage to make this decision,” said Kate Makra, executive director of Cleveland Right to Life.
Organizers said while Roe’s days are over, the anti-abortion movement’s work has just begun.
“We will be working hard with legislators to recognize the personhood of a fetus,” said Makra.
Here in Ohio, a bill known as a “trigger ban” was introduced in the Ohio Senate a couple months ago. The Human Life Protection Act would immediately prohibit abortion in Ohio except in cases where the
mother’s life is in danger.
The bill has yet to be passed by the house and signed by Gov. Mike DeWine.
Friday’s outcome is expected to lead to abortion bans in roughly half the states, including Ohio.
The ruling came more than a month after the stunning leak of a draft opinion by Justice Samuel Alito indicating the court was prepared to take this momentous step. | <urn:uuid:30fbbb4f-2bd0-48ce-9ff9-ee4af2378840> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fox8.com/news/live-abortion-rights-protestors-gather-in-cleveland/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.970384 | 393 | 1.5625 | 2 |
If a new report, Apple is negotiating with four LiDAR sensor makers to keep pace with other autonomous car manufacturers. The Cupertino giant will apparently use the sensors for the Apple Car self-driving project, which is codenamed Project Titan for those that don’t know. Meanwhile, the report also states that Apple continues to make its own LiDAR sensor. However, the development of this vital component is apparently no easy feat and by adding more partners on board, Apple can hope to ease the task. To recap, LiDAR sensors provide a three-dimensional view of the road.
Current LiDAR Hardware Is Ludicrously Expensive - Apple Hopes to Make the Component Cheaper and More Reliable
While it remains to be seen if Apple will make an actual car, the company apparently seems interested in being the forefront of software and hardware development for self-driving vehicles. According to a report from Reuters, the current LiDAR systems are bulky and costly, and Apple reportedly hopes to change that by making sensors that aren’t just smaller and cheaper, but also easier to mass produce than the current technology.
Apple reportedly wants to make LiDAR using semiconductor production process and bring the cost down to around $1000 a piece, which would be much lower than the current cost of tens of thousands of dollars for each unit. However, it is being reported that Apple is not happy with the current progress which is hardly surprising as the Cupertino giant is known to have stringent requirements of high-grade quality.
Apple had previously announced laying off 200 employees from its car division but it doesn’t seem like the company’s interest in autonomous cars has died down as it hired Tesla's Doug Field last year. Earlier reports have stated that Apple will first license its technology to existing car manufacturers before attempting to make its own vehicle. The company is reportedly aiming for a revolutionary design in components that can possibly help it control the entire hardware production chain.
Apple has incorporated its custom LiDAR arrays in the ground, where Apple Maps cars are driven around to collect data. However, the technology behemoth will need to take a massive leap in terms of technology if we are to see such a component present in a consumer car.
News Source: Reuters | <urn:uuid:0087a83e-8aa8-4cd4-b560-72a307b907c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wccftech.com/apple-project-titan-lidar-hardware/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.968621 | 466 | 2.140625 | 2 |
NewsReal Blog | by F. Swemson | 3/4/2010
As a system, absolutely not, as for the term itself though, perhaps we should.
In an article in the Telegraph on Thursday 3.04.10, the Chairman of Marks & Spencer, the leading department store in London, made some interesting remarks about capitalism. He spoke mostly about the perception of capitalism and the free market system, in the eyes of people around the world, and the fact that the term itself has begun to become so negative, that they forget the fact that capitalism is the only system which has ever worked, and that every time it was tried, communism led to misery, oppression, and the murder of millions. He even suggested that we find another name for it. Why not ? The progressives found another name for communism, didn’t they?
This evening on Glenn Beck, (3.05.10), Glenn spent the entire hour on the subject of how the progressive left has taken over our education system for the express purpose of trying to brainwash our children with an incredible array of anti American propaganda designed to make the younger generation believe that the American way of life, and our free market economy has failed them. As we know of course, it’s the progressives themselves and their big government that are responsible for virtually all the misery that America is suffering through right now. Their anti-American propaganda has been evolving since the beginning of the progressive movement, when they first began to demonize the dollar sign itself, as a symbol of evil, greed and the oppression of human rights. Remember the old Monopoly men in their top hats carrying bags with $ on them ? They’ve been around for longer than the board game.
I first learned about this from Ayn Rand while attending lectures at the Nathaniel Branden Institute in NY in 1964 while still a teenager. Ms Rand used to do all the Q&A’s after the lecture, and did some of the lectures herself. She was mesmerizing. Ms Rand spoke about the dollar sign quite frequently. To her it symbolized the best part of America, our freedom to better ourselves, and our most basic freedoms of thought & speech. She said that the dollar sign itself was derived from the initials U.S., and that seems likely in that it’s just an S superimposed over a U with the bottom cut off. Having escaped the Soviet Union on her own when she was 15, Ayn Rand was disgusted by the idea that America could be using its own symbol as a sign of depravity, and she proved herself right in 1957, when she published her own view of where America was headed.
The progressives were so successful with their propaganda that the very word “capitalism” itself, in the minds of so many people, has come to symbolize greedy bankers taking huge bonuses paid for with taxpayer money, or evil insurance companies who deny the people access to their right to health care. Glenn’s been hammering away at the difference between rights, and good & services for a few days now. But it looks like the progressives are directly responsible for the current perception of the term “capitalism”as well. It first came into popular use when Karl Marx used it in his writings, however it’s actual roots go further back than that. Thackeray is the first to publish a work using the term in his novel, The “Newcomes” in the mid 19th century. It was actually used earlier by a Frenchman, A. R. J. Turgot (1727-1781) who used the word “capitaliste” in an essay on the “Formation and Distribution of Wealth”. And that brings us to the reason why the progressives don’t get it. They don’t understand the very nature of wealth itself.
Looking back in history to feudal times, when the kings and the lords, and the dukes owned EVERYTHING, including the peasants who worked their land, the downtrodden ones justifiably thought that anyone with that much power had to be evil, because they kept all the wealth for themselves.
This fear of the concentration of wealth and power into the hands of anyone, was one of the primary things that influenced our finding fathers. Americans back then truly feared the concentration of power in anyone, including businesses and especially in their government.
The progressives, still think of wealth as something that exists in a static quantity in the universe, with the only question being how it should most fairly be divided. They don’t understand that wealth is something that’s created, primarily because they’ve never participated in the process. Look at their leaders, President Barack Obama, President Bill Clinton, former Vice President Al Gore, Senator John Kerry, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and you’ll see that not one of them has ever contributed to the economy in a private sector job that was involved in the production of wealth. In a way, the same is true of a big portion of the Hollywood elite. While they’ve worked hard and made lots of money, making $10MM to $20MM for a movie, or $500M for a concert, gives them a pretty warped view of what it truly means to go out to work to make a living.
I’ve tried to explain this to several of these people, with the following example since I’ve spent much of my life as a builder:
“A man takes a piece of raw land, and with his own ingenuity, skill and sweat, he takes the trees and the rocks and the dirt to build himself a home. The difference in value between the raw land, and the land with the home on it, is wealth created by that man…”
Most of them still don’t get it though… All they can see is a man who owns a big house, while others live in hovels, so of course they decide, due to their unbelievable arrogance and conceit, that everyone would be better off if THEY were in charge of splitting up the wealth… We heard it in the clip of Van Jones, “Give THEM the wealth! Give THEM the wealth! The key word there being “the” wealth… Like Obama, he only sees that big pile.. because he’s probably never put in a full day of honest productive work in his entire life. They’re scared of capitalism because they know they’re in trouble right now, and if it will help us defeat them, I don’t mind abandoning the term “Capitalism” for a while.
They think that they’re entitled to be the royalty, and their biggest fear right now, is that the crowd demonstrating outside their windows, may have finally caught on to their game. We’re already seeing some of the rats abandoning the ship. I wouldn’t be surprised if some of them are scared that this crowd might even have a guillotine.
HT: NewsReal Blog | <urn:uuid:30cfe813-bf4e-442b-9d30-01570b6146c3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/blog/2010/03/should-we-abandon-capitalism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00124-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976072 | 1,460 | 1.8125 | 2 |
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
March 12: Annual Indecent Exposure Crackdown
- 1504 - Michelangelo's David is indecently exposed to the naked world.
- 1867 - Oscar Wilde heavily uses redirects while composing his play Nera; or The Nihilists.
- 1923 - Sir Reginald Humptington cuts down a tree in Central America, officially kicking off makind's war against the rainforest.
- 1962 - Beach bums take over much of Southern California, rendering it uninhabitable for decades.
- 1982 - Hospital administrators announce that disco has slipped into a coma and not expected to survive.
- 1996 - The Daily Show featuring John Stewart premiered on Comedy Central, proving that a Jewish guys can make a living as a comedian. | <urn:uuid:20e7cc3e-ab9c-4334-85da-0437e1340a4c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/March_12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00385-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.851999 | 164 | 2.359375 | 2 |
The calm before the storm.
I always think about when “busy season” is at MyJewishLearning.com. You would think that it would be at three points during the year: Passover, the High Holidays, and Hanukkah. But really, the busy time of year is before every single holiday, whether you pay attention to it or not. For example, for two weeks, I was eating, breathing, and sleeping Tu Bishvat, even though it was just a minor blip on the calendar.
And now we are at the calm before the storm. Purim is coming up pretty quick, and next week, we will be featuring some cool new content for the holiday. But for now, let’s look at what happened this past week.
I’ve never been on Birthright. The reason is that I don’t really qualify because I went with USY in high school. However, a good friend of mine, who was born in Israel, was allowed to go, because he hadn’t been on an organized trip to Israel. Doesn’t seem fair. But then again, according to our new article on Israelis in America, Israelis understand better than anyone that it’s a nice place to visit.
It’s easy to forget how far we’ve come in the realm of Passover cooking. I can’t be thankful enough that it has been years since my parents bought those gross cans of macaroons to “snack” on. So when I found out we were featuring an article on macaroons, I was skeptical. But I have been proven wrong.
And finally, if you’re celebrating Valentine’s Day with a special someone on Sunday, read what we have to say about the day first. If you’re not celebrating it with somebody, enjoy your candy hearts and tears. | <urn:uuid:9ce1ca08-9420-4ce1-91b3-e5cb9bcc403f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.myjewishlearning.com/mixed-multitudes/best-of-the-week-15/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00218-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974857 | 399 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Updated February 1, 2012 - Latinos played a pivotal role in the Florida Republican primary on January 31, giving former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney an overwhelming number of their votes to help him win big over his top rival, former House Speaker Newt Gingrich. As The Washington Times noted, Romney's decision to take a "hard-line position on immigration" during the primary race didn't dent his Latino following in the state, where he captured 54 percent of the Hispanic vote compared to 14 percent for Newt Gingrich. This spread turned out to be greater than the overall difference between the two GOP hopefuls in that state; Romney pulled in 46.42 percent of the statewide vote compared to second-place finisher Gingrich's 31.93 percent. But Romney pulled in a larger portion of the Hispanic vote than anticipated. A January 24 Univision/Latino Decision survey found that 49 percent of Florida’s Latino voters would vote for Romney against 23 percent support Gingrich. Prior to Tuesday's vote, GOP candidates sought to make the most of attracting Florida Latino votes in anticipation of appealing to the Latino electorate in other swing states, focusing on issues ranging from Washington’s Cuba policy to Puerto Rico’s status. However, since Cuban and Puerto Rican Americans encompass the majority of Latino voters, the state’s Hispanic electorate differs from Latino voters in other parts of the country.
Florida’s Latino voters will be more critical than ever in this year’s election. According to a January Pew Hispanic Center Report, Latinos now make up 13.1 percent of Florida’s electorate with nearly 1.5 million registered voters—the third-largest Latino voter population in the United States. Of registered Latino voters, 452,619 are registered Republicans, encompassing 11.1 percent of all registered Republicans in the state. Traditionally, more Latinos voted Republican, but the scales tipped in 2008. Now, Democrats dominate Florida’s Latino electorate, with 564,513 voters. Another factor is the growing population of young Latino voters; a quarter of Florida’s registered Latino voters are aged 18 to 29, representing a larger youth population than in the rest of the state.
But Florida’s Latino voters also represent distinct voter blocs and differ from other Latino voter groups in the rest of the United States. Latino Decisions, a website on Latino politics, defines Florida voters in three groups: Cuban immigrants, Cuban Americans, and Central Floridians, who are largely Puerto Rican. There are also Colombian, Dominican, Nicaraguan, and Mexican voters who reflect Puerto Ricans’ voting preferences. Cuban voters represent around 36 percent of Florida’s Latino voters, but split ideologically between immigrants—who tend to vote Republican—and American-born Cubans, who vote Democrat in greater numbers. Puerto Ricans, on the other hand, are a Democratic majority. Though Democratic Latino voters in Florida now outnumber Republicans, Miami-Dade County remains a Republican stronghold; 75 percent of Latino voters are Republican. While Cuban immigrants, Cuban Americans, and Puerto Ricans differ in terms of economic and foreign policies, all groups favor immigration reform. In a January 23 phone panel, Dr. Gary Segura, one of the founders of Latino Decisions, commented on the immigration issue. “The best [candidates] can hope for is to drop the harsh rhetoric. It might allow them to win back some Republican-identified or independent Latinos who may be turned off by that…But there is a group of Latinos in the middle, the independents or the moderate Republicans, and that is who they should be targeting.”
Immigration proved to be a divisive issue among Latino voters, as candidates sought to differentiate their policies. Romney does not support the DREAM Act, and promised to veto it. Later, he backtracked and said he’d support it if it focused on military participation. He promotes a “self-deportation” approach for undocumented immigrants, in which they would have to leave the United States and apply for residency in their country of origin. He also wants to facilitate the immigration process for legal immigrants, saying: “We are not anti-immigrant. We are not anti-immigration. We are the pro-immigration, pro-legality, pro-citizenship nation and party.” But, as an article in The Huffington Post points out, Romney may run into problems with Hispanic voters in other parts of the country, given negative perceptions of his immigration postion. On the other hand, Gingrich says he would make it easier to deport criminal immigrants and fine employers who hire undocumented workers, but wants to modernize the visa process for students and guest workers. He proposed a citizen review panel that would award residency, though not citizenship, to undocumented immigrants with deep ties to the United States. “I am for legal immigration,” he told CBS News. On January 27, he announced his support of a modified DREAM Act proposal, which would provide a path to citizenship for undocumented youth who serve in the military.
Beyond the immigration debate, the fight for Florida GOP hopefuls to share their positions on Latin American issues to an increasing degree. In back-to-back appearances, Gingrich and Romney addressed the Hispanic Leadership Network conference in Miami on January 27. Gingrich criticized U.S. President Barack Obama’s Latin American policy, saying: “He can’t bring himself to look south.” The former House speaker discussed strengthening the U.S. Southern Command and shifting Mexico to Northern Command. On Cuba policy, he voiced hope for Havana to witness a “Cuban spring” by 2013, while on Venezuela he supported a non-military, “but aggressive strategy of replacing [Venezuelan President Hugo] Chávez and giving the people of Venezuela the opportunity to live in freedom.” Gingrich voiced support for Puerto Rico to hold a November 2012 referendum on the island’s status and said that should voters support statehood, he would help with accession.
But it was Romney who earned an endorsement from Puerto Rican Governor Luis Fortuño on Friday. The ex-governor of Massachusetts has said he expects Puerto Rico, which holds its Republican caucus on March 18, to opt for statehood in its upcoming referendum and that he would support the island’s choice. Following his rival Gingrich at the conference, Romney discussed plans for promoting democracy in Cuba, adding: “We will help Cuba become free.” In terms of hemispheric relations, Romney spoke of the mutual benefits of free trade within the Americas, criticizing the Obama administration for its delay in submitting the Colombia and Panama trade pacts. He also pledged that, should he become president, he would bring together U.S. and Latin American businesses within the first 100 days of his presidency. Romney also stressed that he would create a hemispheric task force on security issues related to organized crime and drug trafficking.
Third place finisher Rick Santorum also picked up a Hispanic endorsement while in Florida when he won the backing of the Latin Builders Association. Like Gingrich, he addressed the group on Friday. The former Pennsylvania senator called Venezuela “Cuba Part B” and heralded his connection with the Cuban-American community. During Thursday’s GOP debate, Sanotorum suggested Islamic terrorists hope to build missiles in Cuba—a theory that USA Today says is a “wild claim based most likely on mistranslations of an Italian newspaper report.” Meanwhile, at the same debate, Ron Paul—who took the number four spot in the primary—voiced support for diplomatic relations with Cuba, saying: “I believe with friendship and trade, you can have a lot of influence, and I strongly believe that it's time we have friendship and trade with Cuba.”
- Access the transcript of CNN’s January 26 Republican debate.
- Mitt Romney’s foreign policy platform, with a focus on Latin America (pages 32-34).
- Access remarks by Mitt Romney and Newt Gingrich at the Hispanic Leadership Network.
- Read the Pew Hispanic Center’s factsheet on Latinos in the Florida election.
- See the results of the January 24 Univision/Latino Decisions poll of Latino voters in Florida.
- Read a breakdown on the different types of Latino voters in Florida from Latino Decisions.
- An article in The Huffington Post breaks down Romney's vote among Hispanic voters in Florida and analyzes why he might not be so lucky with the Latino voting bloc in other states. | <urn:uuid:932286cf-c7f6-4809-addf-acaeae966d85> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.as-coa.org/articles/latino-voters-help-romney-snag-florida-primary-victory | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00085-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956013 | 1,745 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Why are flash drives so important?
into account they’re reusable), compact, convenient, easy to use, compatible with both PC and Mac, and don’t require any software installations. In addition to these advantages, flash drives are very durable and aren’t prone to scratches like CDs and DVDs.
What did the USB flash drive replace?
USB flash drives have replaced a number of other storage technologies, because they are easier to use. The replaced media include: Floppy disks. Solutions such as Iomega ZIP, and similar high-capacity disks.
Does anyone use flash drives anymore?
Most people have stopped using USB drives for data storage, opting instead for cloud services like Microsoft OneDrive or Google Drive. Still, these devices make a handy backup for situations like public presentations where you cannot access your cloud drive from someone else’s computer.
Why flash drives are so popular give reasons?
Answer: The second reason that USB Flash Drives are so popular is that they have so many uses. … Another use for a USB is to back up information. A lot of people store important information/data on their computers, whether it be personal information such as family photos, or business related such as spreadsheets.
What are the 4 benefits of USB?
Biggest Advantages of Flash Memory
- Increased Durability. Unlike traditional hard-disk drives, flash drives lack moving parts. …
- Maximum Portability. …
- Plenty of Storage Capacity. …
- Fast Transfer Speeds. …
- Compatibility with Many Devices. …
- Use Flash Drives as Promotional Materials.
Can you fix a USB stick?
If your USB port is bent or broken and you cannot manually repair it, you’ll probably have to buy a new PC (if it’s the PC port) or USB device (if it’s the USB device that’s bent or broken). If your USB stick is bent, you can try to carefully bend it back into shape. Use caution with this method.
Are USB and flash drive the same?
A thumb drive is a small solid-state drive that connects to the USB port which is also called a USB drive. … A flash drive is a very solid-state, small portable, hard device place into a USB port to store and recover data. Flash drive is also a data storage device that includes flash memory with a combined USB port.
How many times can you erase a flash drive?
The life expectancy of a USB Flash Drive can be measured by the number of write or erase cycles. USB flash drives can withstand between 10,000 to 100,000 write/erase cycles, depending on the memory technology used.
Can you leave a flash drive plugged in all the time?
Leaving a flash drive or USB thumb drive plugged in all the time runs a small risk of prematurely wearing it out. … And I always leave it in when I run a full system scan because the flash drive will get scanned also.
What are two reasons why USB flash drives are still relevant?
USB flash drives are still extremely useful
- Promotional tools – They are excellent for marketing and branding, and they can be customized to make memorable gifts.
- Data storage – In them, data can be safely stored and taken practically anywhere.
What is flash drive class 9?
Mar 07, 2018. A flash drive is a small, ultra-portable storage device which, unlike an optical drive or a traditional hard drive, has no moving parts. Flash drives connect to computers and other devices via a built-in USB Type-A plug, making a flash drive a kind of combination USB device and cable.
What is a Universal Serial Bus port Why is it so popular?
The USB is one of the most popular standards for connecting peripherals to computers. This type of connection is plug-and-play, meaning that devices connected to the USB “announce” their presence to the computer so that it can configure them without any interaction from anyone. | <urn:uuid:099e8391-af69-4976-adaf-d946651fc526> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mamedvds.com/memory-cards/question-how-did-the-flash-drive-change-the-world.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.926689 | 832 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Ivory Chime Spell Candles
These 3" 3/4" tall and 1/2" in diameter ivory chime candles can burn for approximately 2-2 1/2 hours which makes them great for spells and rituals. We carry a variety of different colored chime candles and with every candle purchase, you receive a candle color meaning chart. Price is for 1 candle, and your purchase does not include a spell. These candles haven't been scented, inscribed, or purposed with any type of intention as they are simply for you to use in any way you'd like. Use caution and take responsibility when burning candles. Never leave a burning candle unattended. Never burn a candle on or near anything that might catch fire. Keep candles out of the reach of children and pets. Candle holders sold separately, they do not come with this purchase. In magick and spiritual healing, colors have a powerful effect to them, so be sure to choose the correct color of candle for the spell you are going to be doing.
White and ivory candles are used for cleansing, purification, healings, blessings, protection, purity, peace, spirituality, enlightenment, prophecy, clairvoyance, clarity, and wholeness of the soul/spirit. White also heals emotions, provides protection by repelling negative energy, and aids in deep meditation. The white candle represents unity, and is the highest spirituality and the highest level of consciousness to protect, purify, and heal. The great thing about white candles, is that they can be substituted for any other color in many rituals and spells if necessary. They help one make contact with one's higher self and angels or spirit guides. In magic, white represents light and clear vision, and so is helpful where a new beginning. White is a good color for rites-of-passage, birth, marriage and welcoming rituals. White is the color of Ceremonial Magick, as it is used for all types of ceremonies and rituals. White is also the color of the Goddess, and is used in all blessing ceremonies. Ivory candles are great for healing, peace, and ancestor magick. Use them to connect and access the spirit realm.
Ivory Candle Spells:
- Substitute for Any Other Color Candle if Needed
- Angelic & Spirit Guide Communication
- Spirit Communication
- Ancestor Magick
- Dream Magick
- Lunar Magick/Moon
- Higher Self
- Wisdom/Ancient Knowledge | <urn:uuid:9f517d14-c2a3-4bfa-aad9-43c5c312a997> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://enchantedgeniellc.com/products/ivory-chime-spell-candles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.908984 | 528 | 1.507813 | 2 |
I do not understand a lot of things in bioinformatics, so the answer to my question is probably over there, sorry if I did not realize it.
I want to know if some genes are expressed in an organ, and I already have some transcriptome SRA numbers but I do not know how to do the searching. I have read about the SRA toolkit but I do not know to program, and about the SRA database in BLAST. So my questions are
1) ¿Is there another way to search if a gene is represented in the given transcriptome other than SRA toolkit?
2) I understand that SRA contains the reads given by the sequencer. So If I do a BLAST with the SRA database
a. What should I introduce the gene or the RNA?
b. Will it give only reads (nothing annotated, any protein name)?
c. If yes, how can I say those reads are from some specific gene?
Thank you very much for your time, Mónica. | <urn:uuid:729c8b3b-fb1e-47ee-aaad-c4798c39fd64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.biostars.org/p/445201/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.929705 | 225 | 1.929688 | 2 |
The shrink disc RECCA14 is commonly referred to as clamping discs and used to clamp thin-walled hubs from the outside, locking them to the shaft. The design that allows the use of large diameter shafts with small hub sizes and is widely used for large sprockets and pulley connections. The design provides optimum concentricity and high torque transmission. In our catalog, one size unit can accommodate multiple shaft diameters, with the largest, smallest, and intermediate size shafts. It is shown in the table.
Hub Outside Ø: h8
*Hub Bore: h8
*Shaft Ø: j6 below 30mmh6 30mm plus
*Appropriate for heavy duty- transmit torques equivalent to shaft capacities, and for
higher torques clamping elements can be combined within one shaft/hubconnection.
*Convenient assembly – Hub to shaft connection is simple, only a torque wrench being required for correct assembly.
* Convenient disassembly – Just release of locking screws is all that is required on some series, others
require simple positive release by tightening screws in jacking holes.
*Widely used in hollow shafts, sliding gears, and couplings,etc and replace key connection in important occasions.
* Special custom design is available in Recca OEM service
|Shrink Disc Features||RECCA 14|
|Min. radial dimensions|
|Rapid maintenance and assembly||Y|
|Shaft install tolerance||H8|
|Hub install tolerance||H8|
TOLLOK TLK603, BONFIX CCE8000, Chiaravalli RCK19, BEA BK19, SATI KLPP, COMPOMAC Conex SD, MAV 2008, Poggi CAL-SD, KTR KTR603, RINGBLOK 2200, BIKON 1029.1, Ringfeder RFN4071, RINGSPANN RLK603, TSUBAKI SL, CHALLENGE 14, SKF FX190, FENLOCK FLK603, B-LOC SD10
1.Torque Mt – The transmitted torque depends on the friction factor between the shaft and hub, clearance and shaft diameter.
Friction Factor – All the torques in the Table are calculated when the friction factor between the shaft and hub is 0.15 (the friction factor between the dry steels withoutoil is 0.15~0.33). Otherwise, the transmitted torque will be changed. If thefriction factor is 0.12 between the shaft and hub with lubricant, the torque will be reduced correspondingly.
The matching tolrace ot the hub and main shaft are as flow accrlinoto dw:
dw18~30 H6/j6 dw31 ~50 H6/h6
dw51~80 H6/g6 dw81~500 H7/g6
The torque in the Table is calculated based upon the max clearance. If the actual clearance between the shaft and hub is more tight, the tansmitted torque will be increased and vice versa. (which means the torque will be decreased if the actual clearance is larger).
Diameter dw of the Shaft
The diameter dw of the shaft of the same- -size shrink discs might be different. For more details, please refer to the above Table. For the actual shaft diameter included by the two shrink discs sizes in the Table, the transmitted torque will be between the rated torque corresponding to the dw of the shafts.
Materials of Hub
The hub can be made of steel or ductile iron. The yielding strength of thematerials shall satisfy the safety application requirements.
If it is necessary to transmit bending moment (rotation bending), the torquand hub shall be made of heat-treat steel 42CrMo4, good-quality caststeel or ductile iron.
The gray cast iron can be used if the bending moment can be neglected.
The surface roughness(Ra) of the shaft and hub shall be smaller than3.2p m. | <urn:uuid:a64ad314-6230-4459-bab6-93096e47c78c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reccamachinery.com/products/locking-assemblies/recca-14/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.821821 | 918 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Three swans were hanging around; one had its leathery black foot tucked up at a strange angle as if useless, but its paddling was unaffected.
Today is the birthday of William Butler Yeats, shown here looking awfully Daniel-Day-Lewisy. What better excuse for the haunting last stanzas of his famous poem, "The Wild Swans of Coole"?
...I have looked upon those brilliant creatures,
And now my heart is sore.
All’s changed since I, hearing at twilight,
The first time on this shore,
The bell-beat of their wings above my head,
Trod with a lighter tread.
Unwearied still, lover by lover,
They paddle in the cold,
Companionable streams or climb the air;
Their hearts have not grown old;
Passion or conquest, wander where they will,
Attend upon them still.
But now they drift on the still water
Among what rushes will they build,
By what lake’s edge or pool
Delight men’s eyes, when I awake some day
To find they have flown away?
William Butler Yeats, The Wild Swans at Coole (1919) | <urn:uuid:04721a1e-9183-404b-b842-954e9b4ce099> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ayearinthepark.typepad.com/prospect_a_year_in_the_pa/2013/06/coole-runnings.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00337-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929246 | 255 | 2 | 2 |
Rabies is an infectious viral disease that affects the nervous system of humans and other mammals. People get rabies from the bite of an animal with rabies (a rabid animal). Any wild mammal, like a raccoon, skunk, fox, coyote, or bat, can have rabies and transmit it to people. It is also possible, but quite rare, that people may get rabies if infectious material from a rabid animal, such as saliva, gets directly into their eyes, nose, mouth, or a wound. ClickherefortheCDC’swebsiteforadditionalrabiesinformation.
Because rabies is a fatal disease, the goals of public health are to prevent human exposure to rabies by education and to prevent the disease by anti-rabies treatment if exposure occurs. Tens of thousands of people are successfully treated each year after being bitten by an animal that may have rabies. A few people die of rabies each year in the United States, usually because they do not recognize the risk of rabies from the bite of a wild animal and do not seek medical advice.
Where Do I Report a Bite or Exposure?
Animal bites and exposures need to be reported to the appropriate county health department according to where the individual and animal live as well as where the exposure occurred. When reporting animal bites or exposures to your public health department, please review where the exposure occurred, where the individual resides, and where the animal resides.
If exposure occurred outside of the county, to a person who is not a resident of the county, and an animal resides outside of the county, please contact the appropriate county health department.
What To Do If You Need To Report a Bite To Saratoga County Public Health | <urn:uuid:f3fa0664-8bab-40b3-81ca-306baa613b5a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.saratogacountyny.gov/departments/health/rabies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.938531 | 350 | 3.890625 | 4 |
In the heart of Paris, in the shadow of Sacré Coeur lies a very special secret garden, a vineyard in fact that still produces grapes to make wine. Linda Matthieu went to an annual festival in Paris that celebrates the wine produced from this tiny vineyard, an event known as Les Vendanges de Montmartre (the Montmartre Wine Festival)…
It all started back in 1934 when wine was made from the grapes produced in the Montmartre, Paris vineyard. The vineyards were bought back to life in 1933 having been left as wasteland for several years, a momentous occasion for the locals of Montmartre and the perfect opportunity for a celebration! The Montmartre Wine Festival takes place over a 5 day period and celebrates the arrival of the new vintage of Clos Montmartre wine that is produced from the grapes in this tiny vinyeard in the city.
Once home to thousands of acres of vineyards this is one of ten vineyards still in Paris and certainly the best known of them all. You can still see the small vineyard at the Butte Montmartre (Paris’ tallest hill and a district) which to this day produces grapes to make a modest 1,500 bottles of wine each year.
The plot is located at 14-18 rue des Saules (metro Lamarck-Caulaincourt) and is all that is left of the many vineyards which once covered Montmartre. The festival means holding a party and having a fun parade which starts with les Petits Poubots – children dressed in red and white striped pants. There are fraternal orders from the winegrowing regions of France in their traditional robes and quirky hats, a Harvest Queen, performers on stilts, wooden clogs from Burgundy and bands beating their drums like crazy.
I made it to the parade just as it was starting outside the Lamarck metro stop on a sunny Saturday afternoon. I loved all of the costumes, marvelled at the performers making their way up the steep hills on stilts and tapped my feet to the energetic drummers in the parade.
There are cultural events, artists exhibitions, theatrical performances, street music, dancing and fireworks in a full five days programme. It’s one of the most popular celebrations of local products and culture in Paris (you can see the full programme via the website below).
If you’re in Paris in October, check the dates of this fabulous festival in the centre of Paris and be sure to put it on your calendar – don’t miss the parade!
Website for the Vendanges de Montmartre
Read more about the Paris Vineyards
Linda Mathieu, a native Texan, lives in France with her French husband. She was a Paris Tour Guide and is the author of Secrets of a Paris Tour Guide, available at www.amazon.com. | <urn:uuid:28f1e60c-94e1-4d52-be1c-648ab20ff027> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thegoodlifefrance.com/montmartre-wine-festival-les-vendanges-de-montmartre/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.947716 | 590 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Keith Haring is a world-renowned graffiti artist and his clean, graphic and totemic images appear on everything from subways in New York to museums in Melbourne. Keith Haring travelled extensively and at the height of his fame, he visited Australia in 1984. Melding new scholarship on the visual arts of the early 1980s, this book vividly weaves Haring’s animated art with the audacious work of Australian artists into a forceful, urban cultural history.
Author: Andrew Montana
Publisher: Australian Scholarly Publishing
Number of pages: 144 | <urn:uuid:28b9ac9e-4de8-44cd-9612-ec060f00f487> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://store.ngv.vic.gov.au/collections/frontpage/products/primitive-and-pop-keith-haring-s-australia-1984 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.921757 | 128 | 1.929688 | 2 |
A satellite orbiting Earth has spotted 55 southern right whales hanging out in the shallow waters off Argentina.
It turns out that these particular whales are quite easy to spot from space, said Peter Fretwell of the British Antarctic Survey. They got the name right whales because they were once considered the “right” whales to hunt. They are large and slow, and they spend a lot of time lolling near the surface of calm ocean waters.
For this reason, their numbers dropped from a pre-whaling population of 55,000-70,000 to just 300 by the 1920s.
“The same reason they are the right whales to catch makes them the right whales to look for by satellite,” said Fretwell.
In a paper published Wednesday in the journal PLOS One, Fretwell argues that tracking the southern right whale population by satellite is not only possible but efficient.
The traditional way to track whale populations is standing on a bridge of a ship and looking out into the ocean, or gliding over the water in an airplane. But these methods are expensive and time-consuming, said Fretwell, and also often inaccurate.
“Satellite imagery provides much more accurate and wider coverage,” he said. “If this works, we can take it out to many other species as well.”
For this study, Fretwell and his colleagues purchased a single, massive image taken in September 2012 by the WorldView2 satellite. The image covers 70 square miles including Golfo Nuevo, a circular gulf off the Argentine coast and an area where southern right whales are known to breed and raise their young from July through November.
By looking at the same image in different wavelengths—including one able to penetrate 50 feet beneath the ocean—the researchers were able to spot 55 probable whales and 22 possible whales in the gulf as well as 13 whale-shapes underwater.Comment on this story
As you can see in the gallery above, the satellite images of whales are far from crystal clear. The authors admit that the satellite system is not perfect. After all, it is possible that a flock of birds or a large rock could be mistaken for a whale—or that what looks like a single whale is actually a mother whale with a calf.
But these uncertainties should go away with time, scientists say. New satellites will have higher quality imagery and will allow scientists to identify whales with greater confidence, Fretwell and his coauthors write.
Scientists already have used satellite imagery to count populations of penguins in Antarctica, and Fretwell said similar work was being done with seals. The key to using satellites to track animals is not the size of the animal but how much it stands out from its environment, he said.
©2014 Los Angeles Times. Visit the Los Angeles Times at www.latimes.com Distributed by MCT Information Services | <urn:uuid:e207f734-ff03-478c-8d68-f3b6f97ea58b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.deseretnews.com/article/765647673/Scientists-count-whales-from-space.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962156 | 592 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Unprecedented slow growth and mortality of the rare colonial cyanobacterium, Nostoc zetterstedtii, in oligotrophic lakes
Limnol. Oceanogr., 56(6), 2011, 1976-1982 | DOI: 10.4319/lo.2011.56.6.1976
ABSTRACT: Centimeter-large colonies of Nostoc zetterstedtii from a Swedish oligotrophic lake had the lowest growth and mortality rates of any studied temperate macrophyte. Annual growth rates at two shallow sites averaged 0.57-0.73 × 10−3 d−1, corresponding to doubling times of colony dry weight in 2.6-3.3 yr. With such low growth rates, the largest colonies measuring 7 cm in diameter are 24-31 yr old. We found no mortality of incubated colonies and calculated the mortality rate to < 7.3 × 10−5 d−1 and the life span to > 24 yr in accordance with age of the largest colonies. The firm gelatinous tissue of high mass density, low nutrient content, and antibacterial property can account for the low growth and mortality rates. The measured daily surplus of photosynthesis minus respiration can support only small increments of the large mass per colony surface in accordance with the low growth rates. Growth and mortality rates of N. zetterstedtii correspond best with general allometric relationships for macroalgae using surface area to carbon biomass as the scaling parameter, but measurements are lower than predictions probably because of extra costs to sustain the substantial colony matrix. N. zetterstedtii is adapted to pristine Lobelia lakes with clear water and chronically low nutrient levels, but it is threatened by strong attenuation of light by brownification or eutrophication. | <urn:uuid:b83cf708-b8f8-4cb6-8ff1-3f09daac0c45> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_56/issue_6/1976.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00489-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.867595 | 361 | 2.203125 | 2 |
We advocate on all animal protection and exploitation issues, including experimentation, factory farming, rodeos, breeders and traveling animal acts.
FROM The Examiner News
January 28, 2013
An anti-animal cruelty group is calling on Teatown Lake Reservation to drop its plans to use trained sharpshooters to lure and gun down as many as 75 deer on its 875-acre nature preserve in Yorktown.
More than 600 people have signed a petition initiated by Animal Defenders of Westchester opposing what they describe as a “nighttime rifle ambush.” A second group, the Teatown Members & Neighbors Against Animal Cruelty (TMNAAC), is asking Teatown’s Board of Trustees to “end the cruelty before it starts.”
“The idea of an environmental conservation organization that is visited by school children each day luring wild animals to slaughter them is enough reason to be disturbed,” said Anne Marie Marx, who founded TMNAAC to provide a unified voice. “Then you find out that their plan calls for secret nighttime rifle kills in the middle of Westchester County which is unbelievable and frightening. We can’t understand why Teatown, an organization that we respect and have been members of for many years, would authorize and pay to slaughter innocent animals. It’s hard to believe we are talking about Teatown.”
Teatown has obtained a permit from the state Department of Conservation to slaughter a maximum of 75 deer during three to four evenings this winter to reduce its herd “to a size that protects the ecological integrity and health” of the property, according to Teatown officials.
Teatown Executive Director Kevin Carter said studies have been conducted over the last five years regarding deer management and a cull has been determined to be the most effective and humane manner in which to handle the growing deer population.
“You can have too much of a good thing,” Carter remarked. “Deer is a wonderfully beautiful animal but so are all the other animals in our forest. The loss of birds and the loss of rodents in our forest is just as important as the deer. We have a dying forest. This is a manmade problem. It’s caused by development.”
Before settling on the sharpshooters, a plan Carter emphasized Teatown was committed to carrying out sometime in February, Carter said Teatown thoroughly investigated such options as sterilization, fencing, repellants and managed hunts.
He conceded it was a complex problem that was difficult to explain to the public at large. He also denied an accusation from an unidentified member of Teatown’s Advisory Board who claimed he was never informed about the deer slaughtering plan.
“It seems very oxymoronic,” Carter said about the non-profit environmental conservation organization killing animals. “Teatown has talked about this for years. Not everyone likes every approach. We certainly respect the passion of these groups but they’re making claims about Teatown that are not true. We can’t simplify problems in the world if we want to make it a better place.”
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WESTCHESTER4GEESE is an adjunct of ANIMAL DEFENDERS OF WESTCHESTER. We advocate against all forms of animal abuse and exploitation, including hunting, experimentation, fur, circuses and rodeos - https://www.facebook.com/Westchester4Geese | <urn:uuid:721d90e4-b086-4b09-b1f8-3c36e69dea16> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.all-creatures.org/adow/art-20140128.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00214-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962877 | 721 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Why use Wireshark ?Wireshark is a tool that allow you to capture Ethernet packets sent/received on one or more interfaces of your laptop. It can be very useful in many cases, when you want to see what your unit is sending/receving in order to troubleshooting a problem. For example, if you see your laptop sending an ICMP packet and not receiving the reply, you can isolate the problem, being sure that is not your laptop that has some wrong settings as the wrong default gateway for example.It is also useful to have it installed in the laptop to open IP, ETH or PPP pcap files that you can collect on the Digi TransPort (but this document will not go into details on that matter).How can I download and install Wireshark?To install Wireshark you will need to go to http://www.wireshark.org/download.html and follow instructions. How can I use Wireshark to capture packets?Once installed you will be able to use Wireshark to view ethernet packets. To start a trace, click on the second icon from the upper left: This will open the capture options. Select the ones you need and click 'start' to begin.
Note you can also specify other settings (as for example the update the list of packets in real time) clicking on “Options” that will reveal the following window, and then click start:The trace should now be running and you should see the symbol of wireshark becoming green. You can finish to capture packets clicking on 'stop running trace' button. It's the 4rth from the top left, after clicking on it, capture should stop and the wireshark symbol returns back to the blu color:Following an example of what you can see: How can I filter packets to only see what I am looking for? You can also filter the trace (also while it is running). In the capture filter text field, you can enter different commands to filter the packets to only see the ones you're interested in. Following the syntax for three useful cases. IP address: For instance you may want to track a unit by its IP address, the command for this would be "ip.addr == x.x.x.x" where x is the IP address of your laptop or of a unit that you want to monitor. MAC address: You may also want to watch the device by the MAC address, as this will show you all the packets it sends out, including the ones it sends out before it gets an IP address. To do this you would use the syntax "mac contains xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx" where x is the MAC address.Protocol: You may also want to see only packet of a certain protocol. To do that you need just to enter into the Filter window the name of the protocol, and if you need to see more than one protocol you can separate them with the “||” symbol. It can be useful for example if you have Browsing issues, filtering DNS and HTTP protocol to see what is happening, as in the following example:How can I save captured packets?You can save the contents of the trace by the 'file' menu and then take the 'save as' optionNB: Please note that Wireshark has much more functionality than what we describe here, so if you have time, we recommend reading through the help files and trying out different settings to get a better feel for what is possible with this application.
Mar 05, 2019 | <urn:uuid:2b0a5252-876e-4e44-8afe-2ec9b477be64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.digi.com/support/knowledge-base/how-to-install-and-use-wireshark-ethereal-for-ethe | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.936103 | 740 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Redundant Power Supply of Chassis-Based Media ConverterKur iegādāties
When the chassis is equipped with two DMC-1001 power supplies, both power supplies are switched on and share the current load. In case that one of them should fail, the other will instantaneously take 100% of the load without any loss. Similarly, if one power supply is removed from servicing, it can be switched off and removed while the chassis continues functioning.
• Efficiency: The efficiency is higher than 70% by measured at nominal line and rated load.
• Protection: Over voltage protection; short circuit protection.
• Power sharing and redundancy.
• Fan failure Signal: The power supply will provide a predictive fan failure signal that detects a failure based on reduced fan RPM.
• 85VAC(60Hz)/264VAC(50Hz) label: 110V-240V
• 150 watts. (max.)
• 185 x 160 x 85 mm
• 1,07 kg
• Operating: 0~40 C,
• Storage: -10~50 C
• Operating: 10% ~ 90%,
• Storage: 5% ~ 90%
• All outputs protected from short circuit condition, automatic recovery
• FCC Class B, CE Mark Class B, VCCI Class B
• UL 1950CSA
• CSA 22.2 No.234
DMC-1001 Redundant Power Supply of Chassis-Based Media Converter | <urn:uuid:55b16de8-d81c-4b7b-910f-dfb4839f3493> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.d-link.ru/lv/products/4/511.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.706743 | 396 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Today is the ‘Day of the Seafarer’ a day when we should celebrate seafarers, but this year, as world’s seafarers are let down by governments there is little to celebrate
This year the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF), whose member unions represent 1.4 million of the world’s seafarers, acknowledges the International Day of the Seafarer, but will celebrate when seafarers are given the respect that they deserve.
The ITF has taken this decision because the world’s seafarers have been forgotten, and let down, by the governments across the globe - who failed to keep their borders open to seafarers throughout this pandemic. They have failed as port states, flag states, transit countries and even as the home countries of these seafarers.
Some governments are continuing to prevent more than 200,000 seafarers of their right to stop working when their contract has expired, from getting off the ships and returning home and even refused them access to necessary medical treatment and shore leave. Seafarers have rights as every other human does.
Seafarers are tired, fatigued and in many instances pushed beyond their physical and mental limits.
The crew change crisis is a humanitarian disaster.
Seafarers are professionals, proud of the work they do and their contribution to global prosperity and wellbeing of the world’s people. They look forward to a day when the world’s governments wake up, and recognise this contribution and treat seafarers with the dignity and respect that they deserve. Unfortunately, today is not that day.
Today is not a day for celebration. Today is a day for sombre reflection on how seafarers continue to be let down when they deserve so much more. The ITF and your unions stand with you – enough is enough. | <urn:uuid:bb400420-a189-455c-9f28-7e99b3f55370> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.itfglobal.org/en/news/itf-statement-day-seafarer-2020 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.961403 | 371 | 2.34375 | 2 |
For your grandfather’s generation and even your father’s generation, Social Security and company pensions were reliable retirement plans — so long as you were willing to be a cog in the American industrial machine for 40 some-odd years.
These days, phones are more powerful than the computers used to land men on the moon, and the American industrial machine is increasingly run by robots. This means that career aspirations and opportunities have evolved well beyond the factory floor. It also means a social safety net that served 3 generations pretty well is pretty badly frayed.
If you just started melting melting down your wife’s jewelry, stop. While you shouldn’t necessarily count on a traditional retirement, a future in which you keep working in some form or another isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Here’s how to prepare for it …
Don’t Expect Any Pensions
Back when people used to watch Leave it to Beaver un-ironically, the dream was to get a steady job with a good company, work hard, keep your head down, and retire with a pension that met your income needs for the rest of your life. It wasn’t sexy, but it was fairly reliable.
Pensions, unfortunately, are on a sharp decline. As of 2011 only 14 percent of private employers offered ANY kind of pension, and most of those were only offered in conjunction with a 401(k) plan. In other words, you can’t count on your employer paying your retirement bills any more. Stupid employer.
Expect Social Security (Just Not A Lot Of It)
You thought that your parents were the last ones to benefit from free government cash, but Social Security is actually in much better shape than most people think. According to the 2013 Trustees Report on Social Security, you can expect to receive at least 70% of your current projected benefit, even if nothing about the program is fixed.
Using the Social Security Administration’s quick calculator, a 35-year-old earning $70,000 per year can expect a monthly benefit of $2,240 per month at age 67, or $26,880 per year. Helpful for sure, but it ain’t gonna pay for that vacation house on Mars.
Plan On Getting Super Old
The 2010 US Census found that there were 1.9 million US citizens over the age of 90, more than double the amount of nonagenarians that were alive in 1990. So, the good news is that you’re going to live a long time. The bad news is you have to pay for that living during that time. If you read the previous section, you know your Social Security ain’t gonna cover all those Depends (super fit super old people are probably a few generations away — sorry), you’ll probably need to find some supplemental income. But the other good news is that Walmart is bringing back its greeters.
Do Work You Don’t Hate
The first, and patronizingly simple answer to the need for more money later in life is: Don’t do something you desperately want to stop doing. Meaningful work in pursuit of a mission you believe in a good idea for all sorts of reasons, not the least of which because it will also make “retirement” less attractive. If you have no option but to hate your job, see below.
Take The Free Money While You Can
Speaking of patronizingly simple answers, if your employer is offering a 401(k) match, take advantage of that. Contribute enough to get the full match and stop thinking that you’re somehow sacrificing more worthwhile in the near term. This is free money that the IRS can’t take away from you, and nothing is more worthwhile than screwing the IRS.
Increase Your Savings on a Regular Basis
If you’ve ever run one of those “How much do I need to save for retirement?” calculators, you’ve probably gotten a ridiculous number, laughed to yourself, and thrown your computer in the trash. Remember, you don’t need to get there all at once. Start with what you can and then set a calendar reminder to increase your contribution by 1 percent every 6 months. You’ll barely notice the change each time, but those increases will add up quickly. You may not be able to throw briefcases of cash from a blimp like you planned to for your 70th birthday, but you’ll be in much better financial shape than all the other Walmart greeters.
Matt Becker is a professional financial planner, runs the website Mom And Dad Money, and, like you, is trying to scrape together a few bucks for his wife and 2 kids.
This article was originally published on | <urn:uuid:dfdc589e-b78e-4e42-98b7-91e9180c50f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fatherly.com/love-money/how-to-stop-planning-for-retirement | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957794 | 987 | 1.96875 | 2 |
The day after 2012 general election, a campaign of a different sort formally got underway: the race to chair the House Science Committee. With current chairman Rep. Ralph Hall (R-TX) term-limited by House Republican rules from remaining the chairman, three members are vying to take over the position. On Wednesday, Rep. James Sensenbrenner (R-WI)—the current committee vice-chairman who also chaired the committee from 1997 until 2001—formally announced his candidacy for the job.
“I am seeking the chairmanship for the House Science Committee because our nation’s science and space policy is at a critical juncture,” he said in a statement. Later, he specifically cited NASA and commercial space policy as an area of interest to him: “Specifically, we must responsibly fund our research and development programs, refocus NASA and foster the developing private space industry, and put the United States back on a path toward being a leader in STEM education.”
Sensenbrenner is expected to face competition from two other members: Reps. Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) and Lamar Smith (R-TX). Smith currentlt chairs the House Judiciary Committee but, like Hall, is being term-limited out of that position. He confirmed to The Hill that he’s interested in seeking the science committee chairmanship, putting an emphasis on space issues. “It is important that NASA have a unifying mission,” he said. “Even though it has been almost 40 years since man last set foot on the moon, we should continue to shoot for the stars.” | <urn:uuid:26abb82e-3a7e-4ad7-a068-1b90f91dfeda> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.spacepolitics.com/2012/11/08/the-race-to-chair-the-house-science-committee-formally-begins/?amp;amp&amp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957474 | 335 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has partnered with Xplore on a project to examine the potential of commercial spacecraft to monitor the sun from the first Lagrangian point.
Xplore said Wednesday it will study the feasibility of an Xcraft observatory mission at the L1 location approximately one million miles from Earth to detect solar activity that may affect the performance of telecommunication and power grid systems.
“We applaud NOAA's continued efforts to engage with industry.” said Lisa Rich, founder and chief operating officer of Xplore.
Rich added that the company seeks to help the agency create a pathway to commercial solar observatory and space weather platforms through the feasibility study.
“Advanced warning of solar storms enables us to take precautionary measures and mitigate the severity of impacts to our grid system, protect our infrastructure and limit costly damage and outages,“ said Tamitha Skov, a space weather forecaster.
L1 is the neutral point of gravity between the sun and Earth. NASA and the European Space Agency operate multiple solar observatories that have continuously orbited the Lagrange point since 1978. | <urn:uuid:3202d397-9244-41cd-98f6-b8c6e5017391> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.executivebiz.com/2020/06/noaa-taps-xplore-for-commercial-solar-observatory-feasibility-study/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.914948 | 229 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Incentive programme for using ITAS. The Ministry is introducing an incentive programme in order to incentivize and encourage taxpayers not only to register as e-filers but also to continually use the online service.Read More
Find out more about the modern data processing system, ASYCUDA. Download the ASYCUDA system, user guides and more.Read More
Introducing the Integrated Tax Administration System (ITAS) providing you with 24/7 real-time access to your tax. Download the ITAS user manual for a step-by-step guide on ITAS.Read More
The Namibia Revenue Agency (NamRA) is the nation’s tax collecting authority.
Established in terms of the Namibia Revenue Agency Act 12 of 2017 as an autonomous agency, we are responsible for administering the Namibian tax laws and customs and excise services. Our outcomes are:
Find out more about NamRA
In Namibia all individuals are treated the same for tax purposes, regardless of their marital status, gender and age. Trusts, deceased and insolvent estates are also taxed on the same basis as individuals. Individuals subject to tax include, but ar
Business Income Tax is a tax collected from companies. The tax amount is based on the net income businesses obtain while exercising their business activity, normally during one business year. Namibia operates on a source-based tax system, meaning th
Foreign investors looking at setting up business in Namibia need to consider several factors. Factors which include, but are not limited to, inter alia the Namibian Tax System, immigration requirements for individuals, exchange control regulations f
Customs and Excise aims to facilitate and control the movement of all goods involved in international trade. Customs and Excise is mandated to promote the security and facilitation of international trade, transport and people, including simp
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Well, half of 2022 is already gone, at some pace one might add. Apparently, that is what happens when we are busy or having fun. At NamRA, it has been a fair combination of both as the 2022/23 financial year (FY2022/23)got underway on a rather high n
Rulings of the Tax Tribunal, July 2022
On 24 March 2022, the Namibia Revenue Agency (NamRA) imposed a moratorium on the payment of tax refunds of provisional taxpayers, following the detection of a scam related to the payment of refunds in this regard.
In terms of Schedule 2 (14) (2) to the Income Tax Act 1981 ( Act No. 24 of 1981), all Employers must submit a declaration in a prescribed form monthly when making a payment of tax deducted from the remuneration paid to Employees.
The Namibia Revenue Agency (NamRA) hereby announces that the Modified Electronic Filing Tax Relief Programme (the Programme), as indicated by the Minister of Finance Honourable Ipumbu Shiimi during his 2022/2023 National Budget address in February 20
Media Release - Reaction to the destruction of counterfeit goods
Leaping into the future.....
Post Designation: Manager: Excise Administration Direct Supervisor: Senior Manager Technical Service and Excise Management Remuneration: As per Tier 3 remuneration guidelines by the Ministry of Public Enterprises. Job Purpose: To administer and contr
The Namibia Revenue Agency is a State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) established in terms of Namibia Revenue Agency Act 12 of 2017 and came into operation on 7 April 2021.
NamRA is the semi-autonomous State Revenue Agency established in terms of the Namibia Revenue Agency Act, 2017 (Act No.12 of 2017). The primary mandate of the Revenue Agency is to assess and collect taxes and duties on behalf of the State and adminis
Visions Consulting was commissioned as the official Recruitment Contractor / Administrator to capacitate the Namibia Revenue Agency (NAMRA) in collaboration with NAMRA leadership. NAMRA is the semi-autonomous State Revenue Agency established in terms | <urn:uuid:3e6a2056-073c-40ab-be58-5713323ffc54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.namra.org.na/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.93437 | 928 | 1.625 | 2 |
Corn earworm moths begin laying eggs on leaves and silks soon after tassel emergence. They begin laying eggs on emerging silks before pollination.
After hatching, the larvae tunnel into the silk channel to feed. Because the damaged silks have usually completed pollination, a loss of pollination is generally not a problem.
Later instar larvae feed on the kernels at the tip of the ear. Ear damage is usually minor, although an occasional field may have excessive damage.
Corn earworm control is difficult because the eggs are laid throughout the silking period and after pollination (brown silk stage). Because the untreated silks are exposed daily as they lengthen, insecticides must be applied often. Control efforts are usually costly and inconsistent. Currently, control strategies are not suggested in commercial field corn.
Southwestern corn borer
Although the southwestern corn borer has been a major corn pest on the High Plains (Fig. 3), the widespread planting of Bt corn has reduced its populations. It also occurs in Far West and Northeast Texas but is not economically important in these regions.
The larvae cause damage by tunneling in the stalk and later girdling the plant, which then lodges. In the spring, moths emerge from corn stubble and weed hosts to lay first-generation eggs on whorl-stage corn. On the High Plains, first-generation larvae mature and pupate in the stalk in July. Moths begin emerging about mid-July and lay eggs of the second generation, usually after tasseling has occurred. (See Fig. 3 for distribution).
About three-fourths of the second-generation eggs are laid on the upper surfaces of the middle seven leaves—the ear leaf and the two leaves above and four leaves below it. The eggs are laid singly or in masses of two, three, or more. The eggs overlap like fish scales or shingles. Freshly laid eggs are creamy white; 1 day later, three red bands appear across each egg.
The eggs hatch in about 5 days. Small larvae feed behind leaf collars and ears and beneath the shucks of the primary ear. Older larvae bore into the stalk and continue feeding. Mature corn borer larvae reach 1 to 1½ inches long. They are dull white and have a regular pattern of raised black dots over the body (photos on page 11).
As the plant reaches maturity, the larvae prepare to overwinter in the base of the stalk by girdling the plant from 1 to 6 inches above the ground. Wind can easily lodge girdled plants. Lodged plants are difficult to harvest, and yields are reduced.
Southwestern corn borer larvae overwinter in the stalk base or root crown. They are insulated by a frass (excrement) plug in the stalk and by the surrounding soil.
One of the most effective ways to control borers is to destroy this winter habitat to reduce spring moth emergence. A single tandem disc cultivation or shredding will expose the larvae to cold and dry winter conditions while leaving enough residue to prevent soil erosion. Set the shredder to cut the stalks at the soil surface, which removes the protective frass plug.
Shredding is particularly compatible with grazing and minimum tillage operations because it does not bury the plant materials but does expose the corn borer larvae. Also, the stalks can be shredded even when the soil is frozen.
Double disking and deep plowing are effective methods if soil erosion is not a problem. Cultivating or shredding before mid-January will kill many larvae. Timely stubble destruction will reduce local infestations of first-generation larvae. However, to effectively reduce southwestern corn borer populations areawide, every producer must cooperate by destroying stubble. Early-planted corn is less susceptible to lodging caused by corn borers. Plants with large, healthy stalks, combined with proper fertilization and adequate irrigation, will help prevent this lodging.
To reduce losses, rotate crops, use early-maturing varieties, and harvest early with equipment designed to pick up lodged stalks. All of the Bt hybrids with toxins targeted at caterpillars provide excellent control of the southwestern corn borer (Table A9). However, as of early 2016, there is evidence that southwestern corn borer may be resistant to Cry1F in Arizona and New Mexico, so the use of a two-toxin (pyramid) Bt corn is recommended in case that resistance has spread to Texas.
Insecticide treatments usually are directed toward second-generation larvae (Table A10). Apply the insecticide when the eggs or newly hatched larvae infest 20 to 25 percent of the plants. Check for egg masses to determine the potential infestation and the correct timing of insecticide application.
second-generation European corn borer are usually higher than are those from the first generation. Second-generation moths that emerge in mid-summer are attracted to dense vegetation around cornfields, primarily for mating.
Mated females return to recently tasseled corn to lay eggs on the undersides of the ear leaf and the leaves nearest to it. The eggs are white, with a black dot (the head of the young larva) appearing just before hatching. The eggs hatch in 3 to 5 days.
After hatching, about 75 percent of the small larvae move to the leaf axils; the remaining 25 percent move to the ear sheath and collar tissue. They reduce yield by larval tunneling, ear droppage, and direct kernel feeding.
To determine the need for an insecticide application, examine a minimum of five random samples of 20 consecutive plants each. (Table A12). An insecticide application is justified if you find an average of 10 to 20 hatched and unhatched egg masses per 100 plants. Two applications may be necessary to control European corn borer satisfactorily.
Economic infestations of spider mites occur on corn primarily in the Texas High Plains; they occasionally occur in the Winter Garden region and the Rio Grande Valley.
Large numbers of spider mites may occur on corn after the tassels appear. Mites first appear on the lower leaves, but they may move upward until they kill all the leaves (and in extreme cases, the entire plant).
Yield losses from mite feeding occur during the grain-filling growth stages (tassel to soft dough). Once the corn reaches the fully dent growth stage, the mites do not reduce yield directly. Heavy infestations cause extensive webbing on the leaves and may be associated with stalk rot and lodging.
Mite populations increase rapidly in hot, dry weather. An important factor triggering mite increases is the use of insecticide to control other pests. Insecticides may kill the beneficial arthropods that usually keep spider mite numbers low. Because mite numbers may increase when excessive amounts of fertilizer are used, test the soil and apply only the amount of fertilizer needed.
Proper irrigation timing will help the plants withstand mite-feeding damage. The most important time to prevent water stress is during tassel and early grain filling.
Both the Banks grass mite and twospotted spider mite can occur on corn in Texas. The Banks grass mite is the predominant species in early and mid-season, and it is distributed more widely than is the twospotted spider mite. A few fields, however, will have large numbers of twospotted spider mites or mixed populations of both species.
To distinguish between the species, note the pattern of pigmentation spots on the body. (Fig. 5). The adult twospotted spider mite has a well-defined spot on each side of the front half of the abdomen. The spots on the adult Banks grass mite extend all the way down both sides of the body, sometimes almost touching at the rear of the body. Also, twospotted spider mites produce more webbing than do Banks grass mites.
All of the modern miticides take from a few to several days to begin controlling spider mite populations, and the action thresholds have changed from in the past when we had fast-acting miticides. Therefore, base your control decisions on earlier damage levels from spider mite feeding than in the past.
Scout the fields at least once a week to determine whether predators are keeping mite populations and their damage in check. If so, the mite densities and damage will not increase from week to week.
To estimate when to begin applications for spider mite control, use the rating scale in Table 3. It can help you estimate the damage to individual plants as well as the average damage to several plants in an area. Use the average from several locations to make control decisions.
Field trials of the modern miticides (Tables 3, A17, and A18) have shown that mite control works best on tasseled corn before the mites become aggressively active, when they move up the plant rapidly and damage the ear leaf (damage rating 5).
When the mites have caused damage ratings of 6 and above, they have already reduced yields significantly, and miticides will not control the infestations effectively. Begin applying miticides at damage rating 3, when the mite populations are becoming increasingly active but enough time remains to spray the field.
Adult corn rootworm beetles (Mexican and western corn rootworm)
Although adult rootworm beetles feed on leaves, pollen, and tassels, they prefer silks. When adults are numerous (8 to 10 per plant) during the green silk stage and the silks are chewed back to within ½ inch of the shuck, poor pollination may cause poorly filled ears. When this amount of feeding occurs, or if excessive leaf damage occurs, it is profitable to control the beetles.
Controlling adult beetles usually reduces the number of eggs laid in a field. However, insecticides can cause an outbreak of spider mites by destroy- ing their predators. Because spider mites can greatly damage corn and are difficult to control, do not use a synthetic pyrethroid to control adult corn rootworm beetles. Apply insecticide to control adult beetles only when necessary (Table A19).
Insecticide baits consisting of carbaryl and a feed- ing attractant from cucurbits are labeled for control of adult corn rootworms. Corn rootworm beetles feed on these baits, which do not destroy as many benefi- cial insects and predatory mites. Therefore, these baits present less risk of outbreaks of spider mites after application than do many other conventional insecticides.
The fall armyworm is a sporadic pest of corn but has become a more consistent pest in recent years. It migrates north during the growing season from over- wintering sites in South Texas and northern Mexico. Recent research from Mississippi indicates that signif- icant whorl damage can decrease yield, but as of early 2016, the final scientific paper has not been published. Infestations occurring from the tassel to dough stage can damage corn greatly.
The larvae feed on the ears and ear shanks and behind the leaf collars. Research on the High Plains has shown that when boring through the side of an ear, one fall army- worm larva reduces yield by an average of 0.20 pound through direct kernel injury and the damage by asso- ciated fungi. Fall armyworm damage may also cause mycotoxin levels to increase in grain.
Heavy infestations may reduce yields substantially because the larvae feed directly on the ear. Additional losses can occur when shank feeding causes the ears to drop and when stalks lodge because of feeding damage to the nodes.
The larvae range from a light tan to a dark green or black. Light and dark stripes run lengthwise on the body. Dark spots or bumps occur in a pattern over the body, especially when viewed from the top. The head has a prominent inverted Y in a light color that contrasts with the dark head capsule.
Scouting for fall armyworms can be difficult. Check corn leaves and grasses in the furrow for egg masses. Each mass may have 50 to 100 eggs. Check also for small larvae behind the leaf collars, in ear tips and at the bases of primary and secondary ears.
Unlike small larvae, late-instar larvae are pale tan and have a small black spot on each side toward the head. This will help distinguish them from corn earworm and southwestern corn borer larvae.
Texas does not have an established economic threshold for this pest. If control is necessary, target the small larvae before they enter the primary ear. The newer, multiple-toxin Bt corn hybrids provide good to excellent control of fall armyworm (Table A20). Recent research has shown that insecticides targeted at ear protection should be applied in the period from 2 days before pollen shed to 4 days after (Table A21). Later applications will be less effective in ear protection.
True armyworms occasionally damage corn heavily. The most damage usually occurs in fields that have jun- glerice (watergrass) and Johnsongrass in the furrows or in fields that have hail-damaged leaves.
True armyworms may go unnoticed as populations build up on the weeds in the furrows. Then, when the weeds are consumed and the larvae grow, they begin feeding on the corn leaves. Large larvae can defoliate corn plants rapidly. Excessive defoliation will reduce yield, and premature drying of the stalk may lead to lodging problems. Apply chemical treatments when larval feeding destroys an average of three leaves per plant (Table A22).
Western bean cutworm
Economic damage from western bean cutworm is restricted to the extreme north- west corner of the Texas Panhandle.
Moth activity begins in early July, with egg lay following shortly thereafter. The
moths lay eggs on the upper surfaces of the corn leaves in masses of 5 to 200. They turn from a pearly white at egg lay to bluish black at hatching time.
At hatching, the young cutworms feed on the egg- shell and then move to one of two sites on the corn plant, depending on the stage of corn development. If the corn has not tasseled, they will feed in the whorl on the developing tassel. If it has tasseled, they will move to the developing ear and feed on the silk. As the larvae mature, they begin feeding on the developing grain.
There is strong evidence that western bean cut- worm is becoming resistant to the Bt toxin Cry1F, and the toxin Cry1Ac never was very effective. Transgenic corn with these toxins can still be effective, but only if it is pyramided with additional toxins.
Apply insecticide when 14 percent of the plants are infested with eggs or larvae and the corn is 95 percent tasseled (Tables A23 and A24).
Grasshoppers occasionally damage corn. Control damaging infestations early while the grasshoppers are small and still in the crop border areas. Ten or more grasshoppers per square yard in the crop margins warrant control measures (Table A25).
Corn sap beetles, or picnic beetles, are attracted to decaying vegetable matter and often invade corn ears damaged by insects. They are not attracted to healthy ears.
These beetles are small (1/3 inch) and black or brown. They sometimes have orange or yellow spots on their wing covers. | <urn:uuid:f0e64410-310e-4531-ba4b-66a2a5da7f69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://extensionentomology.tamu.edu/resources/management-guides/managing-insect-and-mite-pests-of-texas-corn/tassel-to-hard-dough-state-insect-control/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.943037 | 3,206 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Old Farmer Brown
Wild turkeys gobbled loudly
From the trees along the lane;
Some muskrat and a beaver
Swam the creek beneath the bank;
Two whitetail bucks were grazing...
Then alert their 'brotherhood'
That Old Farmer Brown is coming
With his rifle...(that ain't good!).
In a clearing, three black buzzards
Find a 'possum long-since died;
They leave nothing but the odor,
And a pile of bones and hide.
Crows are set to 'clean' the cornfield
Then a thund'rous sound rings out...
Farmer Brown has fired his SHOTGUN...
NOT his rifle...there's no doubt.
The feathers flew, and two big crows
Came crashing to the ground;
(You let them lie, as evidence...
If others come around.)
The buzzards flapped into the air
With 'fresh kill' on their minds,
But they waited 'til Old Farmer Brown
Had left the field behind.
The buzzards swooped down on the crows
And carried them away
Back to their gruesome clearing
Where bones of 'possum lay.
Not seeing their dead comrades
The crows returned to feast;
The deer came back...they brought a HERD
Of twenty-five...at least.
The turkeys and the beaver
And the muskrat felt no threat;
The Farmer'd shot at them for years
And hadn't hit one yet.
So all was peaceful on the farm
With everyone in place;
The animals and humans
Alive and sharing space.
Old Farmer Brown removed his boots,
Prepared to take his ease;
Then said unto his 'missus,'
"I'd like some coffee.....please."
She brought it in, then asked of him,
"Did you just shoot your gun?"
"Shore did" he said, "them varmints
Was havin' too much fun!"
"I warned the turkeys...beavers,
The muskrat an' some deer
That they will face my wrath...AGAIN,
If I ever find 'em here.
I let the buzzards and the crows
Know THIS PLACE I COMMAND!
An' it only took ONE shot for me
To chase 'em off my land!"
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God is Not Against You - He Came on an All Out Rescue Mission to Save You
...in Christ God was reconciling the world to himself, not counting their trespasses against them... 2 Cor 5:19
Therefore, my friends, I want you to know that through Jesus the forgiveness of sins is proclaimed to you. Acts 13:38
LEARN & TRUST JESUS HERE
The opinions expressed by authors do not necessarily reflect the opinion of FaithWriters.com.
Tons of fun in this poem, Howard. Great job, very enjoyable read.
Thanks for the chuckle friend! | <urn:uuid:2a632d91-c73b-4524-919d-63d6038078db> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.faithwriters.com/article-details.php?id=22894 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00309-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925659 | 736 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Extracted from Volumes 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13 and 14. Extracts are also taken from Dream Analysis, C. G. Jung: Letters (Volumes 1 and 2) and C. G. Jung Speaking. A collection of Jung's most important contributions to the depth psychological understanding of masculinity, not only the psychology of men but the essence of masculinity in both sexes.
Other Princeton books by C.G. Jung, Gerhard Adler, and/or R.F.C. Hull:
Another Princeton book authored or coauthored by John Beebe:
Paperback: Not for sale in the Commonwealth (except Canada) | <urn:uuid:fb0c3638-765c-4951-9c05-bd7b72e99753> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://press.princeton.edu/titles/4333.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00215-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.834486 | 137 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Write a 2- to 3-paragraph analysis of your correlation and bivariate regression results for each research question. Do not forget to evaluate if the correlation and bivariate regression assumptions are met and report the effect size. In your analysis, display the data for the output. Based on your results, provide an explanation of what the implications of social change might be.
Urgentnursinghelp.com: a professional writing service that provides original papers. Our products include academic papers of varying complexity and other personalized services, along with research materials for assistance purposes only.
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24/7 Live Chat | <urn:uuid:4d67c72a-4d3f-4279-9f9e-67823ff416dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://urgentnursinghelp.com/bivariate-regression/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.888549 | 191 | 1.625 | 2 |
Kozhikode Steps Up Its Animal Birth Control Program
30 Oct 2014
| by |
Following the footsteps of
Thiruvananthapuram, Chandigarh, Nashik and Indore, The Kozhikode Municipal Corporation has worked on a project to take care of the Animal Birth Control and vaccinations of the stray dogs in the city. The project will be discussed and finalised in a working committee meeting to be held on 28th October 2014.
The officials at the Municipal Corporation have proposed that effective implementation of a city wide sterilisation program is the most effective way to control the growing stray dog population and also to reduce the number of complaints that the residents have raised against the increase of dog bite incidents in the city. As per the new project, the Corporation has set aside INR 5 lac for the implementation of the project that is being undertaken as a collaboration between the Municipal Corporation and the Animal Welfare Committee under the aegis of the District Veterinary Officer. The project includes 8 dog handlers who have been trained at Coonnor and have been assigned the task of catching the dog, sterilising and vaccinating them and then releasing them back to their respective ward.
You might also like to read:
Source: The Hindu | <urn:uuid:c5e5198e-5a8f-4b3b-885d-7b3a7bf05484> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.dogspot.in/kozhikode-steps-up-its-animal-birth-control-program/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00137-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954981 | 254 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Supply chain applications of RFID -- Freight containers
(Not available in French)
ISO 17363:2013 defines the usage of read/write radio-frequency identification technology (RFID) cargo shipment-specific tags associated with containerized freight for supply chain management purposes ("manifest tags"). ISO 17363:2013 defines the air interface communications, a common set of required data structures, and a commonly organized, through common syntax and semantics, set of optional data requirements.
a) makes recommendations about a second generation supply chain tag intended to monitor the condition and security of the freight resident within a freight container;
b) specifies the implementation of sensors for freight resident in a freight container;
c) makes specific recommendations about mandatory non-reprogrammable information on the shipment tag;
d) makes specific recommendations about optional, re-programmable information on the shipment tag;
e) makes specific recommendations about the data link interface for GPS or GLS services;
f) specifies the reuse and recyclability of the RF tag;
g) specifies the means by which the data in a compliant RF tag is "backed-up" by bar codes and two-dimensional symbols, as well as human-readable information.
Document published on: 2013-03 Edition: 2 (Monolingual) ICS: 55.020; 55.180.10 Status: Published Stage: 60.60 (2013-02-25) TC/SC: ISO/TC 122 Number of Pages: 28
Revises: ISO 17363:2007
No corrigenda or amendments available | <urn:uuid:2b995441-9922-4832-9a40-45b0e58083d1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=57596 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00557-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.793887 | 322 | 1.773438 | 2 |
The vast virome
Scientists are just beginning to get a handle on the many roles of viruses in the human ecosystem
By Tina Hesman Saey, 15:27 PM December 23, 2013
Studying complex diseases is like trying to solve a massive jigsaw puzzle with a blank box cover and who knows how many missing pieces. Scientists now realize that human genes form the borders of many disorders. But it turns out that the picture can’t be filled in without considering microbes, especially the bacteria and viruses that make the human body home.
Four years ago, evolutionary geneticist Vicente Pérez-Brocal found himself trying to complete the Crohn’s disease puzzle. As a member o...
Source URL: https://www.sciencenews.org/article/vast-virome | <urn:uuid:6da3bce4-6a92-44b9-9e84-d601597ec4e0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.sciencenews.org/print/187850 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00284-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929902 | 167 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The Importance of Groundwater in the Mining Life Cycle
by: Christoph Wels, Ph.D., M.Sc.
The life of a mining project can be viewed as a sequence of developmental stages: starting with exploration and feasibility studies, followed by start-up and operation and finally concluding with reclamation and closure. During each phase of the mining life cycle, the miner is confronted with unique challenges and opportunities related to the presence of groundwater. This paper examines the various hydrogeological issues that are commonly encountered during the life of a mining project.
The following hydrogeological topics will be covered in this review:
- Baseline Characterization
- Mine Dewatering
- Water Supply for Processing
- Tailings Seepage Control
- Contaminant Migration Control during Mining
- Mine Closure & Aquifer Remediation
- Post-Closure Aquifer Protection
The early phases of project development, characterized by exploration and feasibiity studies, present an opportunity to study the hydrogeological conditions encountered at the proposed mine site under natural (or pre-mining) conditions. This information is critical for an assessment of (i) available groundwater resources for mill and drinking water supply, (ii) potential dewatering rates into the open pit and/or underground workings, and (iii) pre-mining groundwater levels and water quality. The last aspect is critically important for future environmental assessments as it provides a benchmark against which to assess the environmental impact of the mining project on groundwater during operation and to judge any control and/or remediation efforts, which might be implemented during operations, at closure and/or post-closure.
The requirements for the scope of a baseline characterization study depend on the regulatory framework, the scope of the proposed mining project and the local hydrogeological conditions. A baseline characterization study typically includes the following activities:
- Geological & Structural Mapping;
- Drilling and Monitoring Well Installation;
- Groundwater level and Streamflow Monitoring;
- Water Quality Monitoring (groundwater, springs & streams);
- Climate Monitoring (precip, evaporation, temp etc.);
- Hydraulic Testing (pump/slug tests, packer tests); and
- Preliminary Flow Analysis.
In most projects, significant savings can be realized if the baseline characterization study is coordinated with the exploration drilling program. For example, exploration holes can often be completed as water level and/or water quality monitoring wells for only a small additional cost. Similar synergies exist between the hydrogeological baseline characterization study and the data requirements for an environmental assessment (e.g. drill cuttings may be essayed for ABA to determine ARD potential in the local rock). As a result the initial characterization studies during exploration and feasibility assessments should be planned by an interdisciplinary team familiar with mine exploration, mine engineering, and environmental issues related to surface water and groundwater.
The extent of interpretation of the field data and flow analyses again depend on local regulatory requirements and the mining project. However, it is customary to obtain at least preliminary estimates of aquifer properties (permeability, storativity, potential yield) and potential groundwater inflows to the open pit and/or underground mine. The hydraulic properties of the aquifer are often estimated from the hydraulic testing results using Aquifer Testing Software (see Software Tools). Preliminary estimates of groundwater flow and potential inflow into a mine can be obtained by using analytical solutions (see Flow Analysis Tools).
Please contact Christoph Wels if you would like to feature an interesting example of a baseline characterization study for a mining project on this website.
Return to Introduction.
In most mining projects, some active dewatering of the immediate vicinity of the open pit and/or underground workings is required ahead of, or in parallel with, mining. The importance and extent of mine dewatering varies greatly and can range from a single pump back station at a sump pumping less than 100 gallons per minute to complicated dewatering schemes involving dozens of dewatering wells pumping several thousand gallons per minute. In some instances, the cost of mine dewatering can be so prohibitive, that it renders the entire mining project uneconomical.
Mine dewatering is carried out for several reasons including:
- dewatering of the ore and/or waste rock actively mined;
- maintenance of dry pit floor and/or underground workings for operations;
- prevention of sudden flooding and/or mud rushes;
- release of pore pressures in open pit slopes and/or underground workings to prevent failure of pit benches or u/g workings.
Methods of mine dewatering depend on site access, type of mine (open pit, u/g mine), required depth of dewatering, and aquifer conditions (in particular yield and degree of heterogeneity). In general, dewatering of a mine can be achieved by "active" dewatering of the aquifer using dewatering wells and/or drain holes specifically designed for this purpose or by "passive" dewatering where the groundwater inflow to the mine workings is managed but not actively promoted. In many mining projects, "active" dewatering is required early during the early stages of the life of mine and eventually switches to "passive" dewatering as the amount of groundwater inflow declines. This scenario is particularly common in dewatering of unconfined aquifers where the majority of groundwater inflow comes out of storage as opposed to regional groundwateer flow.
In most mining projects, the process of mine dewatering is an iterative process involving the following steps:
- Aquifer Characterization (often done as part of the initial Baseline Characterization Study and/or Water Supply Study;
- Design & Implementation of a Full-Scale Pump Test;
- Development & Calibration of a Groundwater Flow Model;
- Initial Design of a Dewatering System (using the calibrated flow model);
- Drilling of Dewatering Wells and/or Drainholes;
- Initial Performance Monitoring of Dewatering System;
If the dewatering system does not perform as predicted, steps (3) to (5) are repeated, i.e. the groundwater flow model is updated with the information gained during initial performance monitoring. This updated model is then used to select the best location and screening interval for additional dewatering wells and/or drainholes. With the recent advances in numerical model and software development (see Model Tools and Software Tools) the assistance of a groundwater flow model in the design and operation of a mine dewatering system has become commonplace and economical. In many instances, the entire cost of modeling is offset if this modeling exercise can save only one or two unproductive dewatering wells (considering drilling, installation and equipment costs).
In general, the use of drain holes is preferred over the use of pumping wells, because of cost savings and inefficiencies in pumping from a well (well losses). However, drainholes (whether inclined or vertical) require a natural gradient which may not be always available. As a rule of thumb, dewatering of an open pit mine is typically achieved by means of pumping wells whereas underground mines more commonly utilize drain holes which are drilled during exploration and drift development. However, exceptions are abound. For example, dewatering of the Grasberg Open Pit, one of the largest open pit mines in the world, is achieved by a series of subvertical drainholes drilled from drifts developed beneath the open pit.
All groundwater discharging into the mine (either via drainholes or via the underground workings) is collected in central sump stations from where it flows towards a portal or is pumped back to surface. Depending on the quantity and quality of groundwater collected in the underground workings an elaborate system of open channels and/or pipes may be requireds to transport the groundwater to the pump back station. Larger underground mines may have several pump back stations, located at strategic locations and depths.
In most mining projects a dewatering monitoring program is implemented. The scope of this monitoring program depends on the local regulatory requirements and the importance of groundwater to the project (both in terms of operations and potential environmental impact). The following parameters may be monitored:
- Pumping rates of pumps used in mine dewatering;
- Dynamic water levels in pumping wells;
- Discharge of groundwater into mine (from drain holes and/or fractures);
- Water quality of groundwater collected in the mine;
- Water quality of mine water discharged from the mine; and
- Groundwater levels in the local aquifer(s) influenced by mine dewatering.
The main purpose of this monitoring program is to monitor progress of mine dewatering and to document the volume and quality of groundwater pumped from the mine. In addition, a detailed monitoring program (including groundwater levels in the local aquifer) provides valuable information about the impact of mine dewatering on the local groundwater system (e.g. drawdown). This information can be very useful for estimating rates of mine reflooding at the end of mining.
Forward to Water Supply for Processing (under development).
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