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GALLERY: Sir Harry Smith College wins Cambridgehsire schools reading challenge
- Credit: Archant
An event for the annual Carnegie Award scheme took place at Cromwell Community College.
Students from Sir Harry Smith College, Witchford Village College, Ely College and Cromwell Community College took part in the day long event.
The pupils were asked to read and present four books shortlisted for this year’s CILIP Carnegie Medal, a prize awarded to one children’s or young people’s fictional book each year.
Miss Timms, a teacher at Sir Harry Smith College, said: “I am very proud of all of the students. They described the books brilliantly and it’s nice to see that their reading has paid off.”
The students, in school groups, were given books which they had to analyse and present to the other pupils by creating a display board about the book.
Pupils from the schools attended the event and around five were chosen from each school to discuss their book.
When asked about the day, Louise Aldridge, a member of the Cambridgeshire Librarians who attended the event as a special guest, said: “I was very pleased to be invited today having judged the competition previously.
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“I thought the children all worked well and discussed the books very articulately. It was so heartening to see young people still reading books.”
The chosen winner was Roof Toppers, presented by Sir Harry Smith College. The team received a trophy and this book will then be put forward to receive the next Carnegie Medal. | <urn:uuid:bab91eed-583b-496b-a27f-10662419d25a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cambstimes.co.uk/news/gallery-sir-harry-smith-college-wins-cambridgehsire-schools-reading-challenge-4855344 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.976962 | 511 | 1.546875 | 2 |
MHS students push seat belt usage
Did you know that Middlesex High School is active in YOVASO? What’s YOVASO you ask? Well, YOVASO stands for Youth of Virginia Speak Out and MHS is speaking out about driving safety.
YOVASO is a youth leadership organization focused on saving the lives of teenage drivers. This is done by educating, encouraging and empowering teenagers to be traffic safety advocates in their schools and communities. YOVASO helps students and school administrators set up a YOVASO Club, or expand an already existing club to include safe driving initiatives.
Trainings, support materials, safety campaigns, and staff assistance are all free. YOVASO provides its student leaders and club members with yearly training sessions to help them speak out confidently about safe teen driving and positive solutions. In addition to school trainings, YOVASO offers leadership retreats and participation in state and national traffic safety conferences for students who want to be more actively involved in teen safe driving efforts.
During the three-week campaign, September 24-October 15, the Middlesex chapter will participate in “Save Your Tail-Gate, Buckle-Up,” challenging teens to buckle-up and drive safely. The campaign will consist of seat belt safety promotions, seat belt checks and pledge signings, all centered around educational and awareness activities to increase overall seat belt use among teens.
Purchase a Charger Buckle-up t-shirt for $10 and wear it to the homecoming game.
The Middlesex Save Your Tail-Gate campaign is in memory of LaTasha and DaVonte Scott. It is sponsored by YOVASO, the Virginia State Police Association, and the Allstate Foundation. | <urn:uuid:0181989e-a3f1-411c-bfe1-dc64d5516460> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ssentinel.com/index.php/school/article/mhs_students_push_seat_belt_usage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00231-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952297 | 360 | 2.125 | 2 |
Which Joe gave his name to ‘sloppy joes’? We look at five interesting sandwiches and their lexical origins.
A plant of the borage family which bears small barbed seeds.
- ‘The Yukon also has 16 introduced species of borages, a group of agricultural weeds that includes stickseeds and forget-me-nots, and 14 introduced species of mustards.’
- ‘The primary reason for not designating critical habitat for showy stickseed is because the species has been repeatedly collected for many decades.’
- ‘Several nonnative noxious weeds have invaded stickseed habitat and threaten to out-compete the stickseed for the available nutrients.’
- ‘The fruits of the showy stickseed are spurred and covered with stout hairs that cling to the hair and bodies of animal.’
- ‘All stickseeds are undesirable weeds that can become abundant in overgrazed areas.’
We take a look at several popular, though confusing, punctuation marks.
From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, discover surprising and intriguing language facts from around the globe.
The definitions of ‘buddy’ and ‘bro’ in the OED have recently been revised. We explore their history and increase in popularity. | <urn:uuid:48864364-68c5-4ffb-a840-5136f42b22c1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/stickseed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00328-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950005 | 274 | 2.671875 | 3 |
You can stroll into any lumber yard in the Northwest and walk out with a load of pine, fir, cedar, or maple wood. Ask for juniper, though, and you’ll probably get a blank look. But that may change. Juniper trees have overpopulated eastern Oregon, and scientists say they're sucking the high desert dry.
A group of environmental entrepreneurs thinks the best way to restore the desert is by creating a commercial market for juniper.
When you walk into Kendall Derby’s mill, the first thing you notice is the smell. It’s sharp and evergreen. Like the high desert after it rains. | <urn:uuid:c02c5805-fc86-4c68-814c-0e3bdbbbbe5a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://boisestatepublicradio.org/term/earthfix | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907949 | 134 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Chris Muro: Legislature tackles divisive social issues
As the aggregate economy continues to struggle with anemic growth rates and a weak job market, the casual observer might expect fiscal policies to be a top priority for legislatures around the country.
But if the first two months of this year are any indication, it seems social issues are as salient as ever in state politics. Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer's veto of a bill that would have allowed business owners, on the basis of their religious beliefs, to deny service to gay customers put the national spotlight on an emerging front in the culture wars between self-described advocates of religious freedom and those who proclaim to be supporters of rights based upon sexuality.
Although it has not captured national headlines yet, the Florida Legislature has decided to take up this divisive issue during its current session.
The Florida Competitive Workforce Act, HB 239, seeks to make Florida's workforce more competitive by adding "sexual orientation & gender identity or expression and behavior" to a series of protected classes established in the Florida Civil Rights Act of 1992. Current Florida law prohibits discrimination based upon "race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, handicap, or marital status."
An individual can claim discrimination due to any of these immutable characteristics when seeking employment or public accommodations and file a complaint with the Florida Commission on Human Relations to seek access to civil courts and possible monetary damages. Every Floridian is covered by these categories, and this remedy is a powerful weapon to help ensure equality within society. So how will creating a new statute for more lawsuits based upon sexual and gender identity or behavior make Florida's workforce more competitive?
The Pew Research Center recently issued a report listing workforce growth percentage forecasts in all 50 states for this year. Florida was ranked No. 5, surpassed only by Colorado, Texas, Arizona and North Dakota. This is great news for our state, as it demonstrates how the business climate in Florida is already luring substantial private-sector investment.
It seems unlikely that adding a new classification for lawsuits based upon sexual identity and behavior will catapult Florida to first place. In fact, eight of the top 10 states for job growth do not allow businesses to be sued over this matter, while nine of the bottom 10 states for job growth do allow it. There is no cause and effect being claimed here, but the evidence at least suggests this bill will not make Florida's workforce more competitive.
Not only will this bill fail to meet its intended goal, it is unneeded. Civil-rights legislation first was enacted to prevent government-mandated discrimination. Denying people the right to vote based upon color or sex and the requirement for segregated schools were all government imposed. The 14th Amendment restricts the power of state government to enforce discrimination.
The private sector is far ahead of government on all of these issues. Companies such as AT&T, Gap Inc., and the Gannett Co. promote diversity in their hiring and service policies. Diversity and sensitivity training already are mandatory with most employers, which have been awarding domestic benefits to employees for years. Private companies have the best incentive available, consumer satisfaction, in promoting that they are environmentally friendly, responsible philanthropists that are committed to inclusion.
Companies that do not take these steps will feel the wrath of consumers. The free market has worked, and government intervention is unwise and undesirable.
Florida's bill is a solution in search of a problem that does not exist.
While the bill has zero chance of becoming law this year, the conversation about this issue has only just begun. It will be reintroduced in subsequent legislative sessions. Twenty-nine states and the federal government do not recognize sexual orientation or gender identity as suspect classifications, and for good reason. The current lineup of classifications is universal and inclusive of everyone without injecting unnecessary categories about personal behaviors in public places.
It is useful here to apply the admonishment of Thomas Jefferson that the government which governs best governs least.
Muro, a political scientist, teaches at Eastern Florida State College. His column appears monthly. | <urn:uuid:80170652-bcf5-4932-98d8-e6124fa16ad9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.floridatoday.com/story/opinion/columnists/guest-columns/2014/03/18/chris-muro-legislature-tackles-divisive-social-issues/6528213/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.953367 | 816 | 1.703125 | 2 |
|Birdseye view of Boston, Beach & Clarridge Co.|
|Author:||Geo. H. Walker and Co.|
|Dwnld:||Full Size (10.6mb)|
|See our Prints Page for more details|
I can only salute the hubris of the Beach & Clarridge soft drink company, who, in sponsoring this map of Boston [gmap] assumed that in any reasonable person's envisioning of one of our Nation's most historic towns, their bottling plant would be front-and-center.
Well, they must've blown their entire operating budget on this map and folded shortly after, because I can not find any solid mention of their product outside of references to this map. A peculiar kind of immortality: an advertisers dream, and a capitalist's nightmare.
Still, this is a rather handsome map; and if it had been Coca-Cola who had commissioned this map for Atlanta, I guarantee you that this print would be hanging in at least one of your Uncles' sad suburban downstairs poolrooms.
For more maps and images from this period in the region's history, visit the Massachusetts Historical Society. | <urn:uuid:957cf10c-35ff-4f6c-b345-46316fb4ac9b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bigmapblog.com/2011/birdseye-view-of-boston-compliments-of-beachand-clarridge-co-of-boston/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00359-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923062 | 243 | 1.59375 | 2 |
A flexible sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that is used to see the inside of the sigmoid colon and rectum – the last part of the large bowel. A thin flexible tube is passed into the back passage into the lower colon (sigmoid colon). It is similar to, but not the same as, a colonoscopy. A sigmoidoscopy only examines the sigmoid colon (the last third of the colon) whereas a colonoscopy examines the whole large bowel (colon).
A sigmoidoscopy can be used to identify early signs of cancer, and can help diagnose unexplained changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, bleeding from the anus and weight loss. | <urn:uuid:2f5b9b04-0b71-43ec-b572-575e8d3df0ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coastalgastro.com.au/flexible-sigmoidoscopy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.85393 | 144 | 2.421875 | 2 |
- Philippa Newfield Department of Anesthesiology California Pacific Medical CenterSan Francisco CA
- James Cottrell MD Professor and Chair, Department of AnesthesiologySUNY Downstate Medical CenterBrooklyn, NY
Thoroughly updated, the 5th edition of the Handbook of Neuroanesthesia is an essential guide to perioperative management of neurosurgical patients.
Written in an outline format for quick reference, this handbook provides detailed information about the anesthetic management of neurosurgical and neuroradiologic procedures and the intensive care of neurosurgical patients as well as those who have sustained traumatic brain and spinal cord injury.
Each chapter also includes clinical cases, summaries, and chapter highlights, giving readers all the information needed to confidently put what they learned to use in real life neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care cases.
- Vital pre-operative, post-operative, intra-operative, and peri-operative techniques are extensively covered
- New chapter on information technology to guide readers to online medical resources and search modalities
- Website references listed in each chapter
Note: Only Platinum member can download this ebook. Learn more here! | <urn:uuid:eec1276d-605d-4a97-a4be-27ede077533e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://e-surg.com/5685/handbook-of-neuroanesthesia-5th-edition.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00374-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.886078 | 236 | 1.6875 | 2 |
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(Definition of jackpot from the. 24/11/ · Jackpot generally refers to the largest possible prize in a certain game. In the context of poker it usually refers to the jackpot definition in business beat jackpot. The bad beat jackpot is awarded when a sufficiently strong hand (usually good four of a kind or better in Hold’em) loses to an even stronger hand jacopot the chips go all in. Since such losses are very rare, the jackpotpayout is. the cumulative amount involved in a game (such as poker) jackpot noun any outstanding award GCIDE ( more info 0 votes) Rate this definition: Jackpot noun Same as jack pot.
See under jack. Jackpot noun Any larger-than-usual gambling prize formed by the accumulation of unwon bets. Jackpot noun.
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Princeton's WordNet 0. GCIDE 0. See under jack. Jackpot noun Any larger-than-usual gambling prize formed by the accumulation of unwon bets. Jackpot noun The highest gambling prize awarded in a gambling game in which smaller prizes are also awarded, especially such a prize on a slot machine. Jackpot noun An unusually large success in an enterprise, either unexpected or unpredictable, esp. Wiktionary 0. Freebase 0. Matched Categories Poker Prize Stake. How to businese jackpot? Alex US English. David US English. Mark US English. Daniel British. Libby British. Mia British. Karen Australian. Hayley Australian. Natasha Australian. Veena Indian. Priya Indian. Neerja Indian. Zira US English. Oliver British. Wendy British. Fred US English. Tessa South African. How to say jackpot in sign language?
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These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'jackpot. Send us feedback. See more words from the same year. Accessed 28 Apr. More Definitions for jackpot. Nglish: Translation of jackpot for Spanish Speakers. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! Log in Sign Up. Save Word. Definition of jackpot. Synonyms Example Sentences Phrases Containing jackpot Learn More About jackpot. Synonyms for jackpot Synonyms bindboxcatchcornerhugo switchfixholeimpassejammirepicklejackpot definition in businessquagmirerabbit holerattrapspotsticky wicketswamp Visit the Thesaurus for More. Examples of jackpot in a Sentence The lottery jackpot is up to one million dollars. Phrases Containing jackpot hit the jackpot. First Known Use of jackpotin the meaning defined at sense 1b 1.
Learn More About jackpot. Share jackpot Post the Definition of jackpot to Facebook Share the Definition of jackpot on Twitter. Time Traveler for jackpot The first known use of jackpot was in See more words from the same year. From the Editors at Merriam-Webster. Compound Words That Used to Make a Lot Compound Words That Used to Make a Lot More Sense How 'jack' met 'pot. Dictionary Entries Near jackpot jack post jackpot jack-pudding See More Nearby Entries. Statistics for jackpot Last Updated 21 Apr Look-up Popularity. | <urn:uuid:95d9578b-716b-4869-bb28-8f5d40c83169> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rulezfilm.ru/jetzt-spielend/jackpot-definition-in-business.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.827029 | 2,332 | 1.960938 | 2 |
New research conducted by researchers in the lab of Penn’s E. James Petersson in collaboration with Oregon State University and the University of Washington describes how proteins in living cells can be engineered to include synthetic fluorescent amino acids that are bright, long-lasting, and have properties that sense their environment. This work can help biologists study proteins more easily, with implications for understanding the mechanisms of complex neurological diseases. The results were published in Chemical Science with two associated studies published in eLife and Scientific Reports.
The Petersson lab has long been interested in developing new ways to label proteins with fluorescent tags, especially for proteins like tau- and alpha-synuclein, which are implicated in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Currently, specific proteins are tracked in cells by adding fluorescent tags like green fluorescent protein (GFP) and using microscopy to find their location in cells. However, proteins like GFP are very large, making it challenging to study smaller proteins, including alpha-synuclein, which is around half the size of GFP. Other platforms with smaller tags do exist, but because they are toxic they cannot be used to study living cells for long periods of time.
An alternative approach being pursued by the Petersson lab is to chemically synthesize fluorescent versions of amino acids, the small, individual building blocks of proteins. Then, researchers can use engineered enzymes that allow the fluorescent amino acid to be incorporated into proteins when they are being made in a cell. “By encoding our fluorophores as amino acids, our system can give you a labeled protein that behaves exactly like the native protein,” says Petersson.
Previously, the Petersson lab had been able to get bacteria to add an amino acid not found in nature called acridonylalanine (Acd) into its proteins, but they hadn’t yet been able to get this system to work in mammalian cells, which are more relevant to studying human disease. Now, with the help of collaborators at Oregon State University and the University of Washington, first author and Petersson lab Ph.D. student Chloe Jones was able to bring together a breadth of techniques spanning synthetic organic chemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and microscopy in order to incorporate Acd into proteins in mammalian cells.
First, the researchers conducted directed evolution experiments in E. coli in the lab of Ryan Mehl, a leader in genetic code expansion at Oregon State. Using engineered aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzymes, the researchers were able to “hijack” the protein synthesis process by reassigning a portion of the E. coli genetic code to be designated as a place where Acd should be inserted. Then, the researchers determined which specific mutant synthetase enzymes were the best for incorporating Acd into the protein structure. They also ran computational models to understand why the specific mutations made this possible.
After refining their methods for incorporating Acd into proteins in E. coli, the researchers relied on the expertise of the University of Washington’s William Zagotta and Sharona Gordon, who had experience adding unnatural amino acids into mammalian cells, most notably on neuronal ion channel proteins. | <urn:uuid:f2b4734f-1562-493d-8788-995bf903e6fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://todayheadline.co/improved-fluorescent-amino-acids-for-cellular-imaging/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.955526 | 645 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Costa Rica is world famous for family travel thanks to it’s accessibility, magnificent nature, and stunning wildlife. Discover it all with our Costa Rica Family Travel Blog
Costa Rica ISLike No Place On Earth! Explore It With Our Family Travel Costa Rica Guide
Costa Rica’s tiny size belies it’s stunning natural attractions. This small slice of land, sandwiched between Panama and Nicaragua is home to one of the most diverse wildlife regions in the entire world. Combine that with the country’s deep pride in eco-tourism, and this makes for one of the most unique and memorable family travel destinations in the world!
Read Our Most Popular Costa Rica Family Travel Blog Posts
Tips For Family Travel in Costa Rica
- Costa Rica’s currency is the Colón. Its average value is approximately $0.0018 USD. You can check the current value here.
- The Capital of Costa Rica is San José. This colorful city features areas with beautiful Spanish style architecture. Most notable is the National Theatre.
- Costa Rica uses 110 volts, 60 cycle electricity, the same plugs as North America.
- Cellular Phone Service
- Cell phones service is available through most urban areas of Costa Rica. There are some remote areas where cellular service is spotty or inaccessible.
- Roads, Driving and Public Transit
- Most roads and highways in Costa Rica are well-maintained. There are certain areas, most notably between Arenal and Monteverde where the roads can be very narrow, windy and in poor condition.
- Visiting Costa Rica with Kids
- Costa Rica is a relatively safe country. It’s diverse wildlife and stable political system make it a very popular country for expats and family travel.
Important Words And Phrases To Know When Traveling In Costa Rica
Like most of Central and South America, the main language in Costa Rica is Spanish. English is spoken in many of the larger cities and by most tour guides, however, in rural towns, it might be challenging to find locals who speak English.
It’s always helpful to know a few words in the local language whenever you travel to a new destination. So here are a few important Spanish words to know before you visit.
Important Spanish Words To Know:
Thank You: Gracias
Thank You Very Much: Muchas Gracias
You’re Welcome: De nada (It’s nothing)
Please: Por favor
Excuse Me: Perdóneme
Read Our Latest Costa Rica Family Travel Blog Posts
Have you ever traveled somewhere that completely blew away your expectations? Discover how we found paradise in the Osa Peninsula in Costa Rica. Have you ever traveled somewhere you’ve never been, and the instant you set foot you knew in your heart that it was the perfect place for you? This is exactly what happened… | <urn:uuid:771ddef8-6e5f-44aa-8825-a70ce343693a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wanderingwagars.com/mexico-central-america-guide/costa-rica-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.885902 | 632 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Every year around this time I get asked the following question more than once: “Are you going to have any training camps for kids this summer?” Summer camps are really popular around my part of the woods and some of them make me wish I were a few years younger so I could attend.
The thought of having 20+ kids running around for six hours a day throwing medicine balls and kettlebells at each other while I make a batch of bologna sandwiches on white bread sounds financially appealing but I am sure I would put myself into a panic-induced coma.
The large group model may prove popular among the youth for the need to be with their friends all day long and participating in activities that don’t involve text books and tests. Parents like the model so their kids gain exposure to different areas of learning while at the same time having large group all-day babysitting provided during working hours. For these two reasons the summer camp model works well, however, for truly specialized learning, a more succinct, specialized and long-term approach is more conducive for getting results.
You Can’t Cram it all in Quickly
Most summer camps, or even the popular Speed, Agility, Quickness (SAQ) camps are really not long enough to instill large measurable gains. Strength, speed and stability are skills that need to be frequently trained and accrue small results over time to ensure maximal retention and lasting gain. Many of the summer camps are only a few weeks long at most; which is only enough time to learn proper technique for many movements and gain a taste of what proper strength and conditioning programs involve. They usually are too short in duration to completely enhanced sports performance and proper mobility and stability. Only longer, progressively specialized programs carry over to the sports performance gains that many parents seek.
With limited time these large SAQ camps also try to subject the young athletes to as many different strength and speed movements as they can within the allotted time they have to work with them. By constantly changing the stimulus there is usually not adequate time to learn and master the proper movement patterns necessary to progress to the next step. Like trying to cram for a final exam, when too many different stimuli are thrown at you all at once maximum retention and execution are rarely achieved.
Your Child is Just another Number
This heading may sound a little harsh but with these large SAQ camps, no sooner has the coach learned a child’s name that the camp is over. It is just the nature of the beast. Usually the coaches are newer to the strength and conditioning game. They could be high school or college athletes looking for a summer job or internship to supplement their courses. These camps want to fill up with as many kids as possible and that is why the more successful camps can have large groups of kids and possibly only one or maybe two coaches working with the group. As I mentioned in my previous circuit training article I was a summer intern at a local, and popular, SAQ facility when I was in college working on my Master’s degree and the athlete to trainer ratio, if you included me, was about 15:1.
With such a large group of athletes it is almost impossible to provide the personal attention and program specificity that different athletes need. At the SAQ facility I interned at, there was no initial movement assessment done on the athletes, only specific quantifiable tests like vertical jump, broad jump and 40-yard dash time. They also didn’t divide the athletes into comparable groups based on sports, age or previous training experience. It was common to have 13-year old female soccer players grouped with college football linebackers; not exactly ideal for the individual athletes’ needs.
Large groups, different athlete needs and limited time frames also put the training protocols at sub-par levels. It was common practice for the SAQ facility that I interned at to have a binder that had all the workouts in them. The binders were labeled by weeks and inside the binder each day of that particular week was mapped out with specific exercises. All the athletes did the same exercises without variations or modifications necessary for different skill levels. Sure these programs might seem progressive but they are less than optimal because they are not specific enough. They did not take into consideration the current qualities of the individual athlete mentioned above.
One can also assume that the more skilled and experienced athletes gain less from these limited time only, large group SAQ programs. These programs are usually at the mercy of the lowest common denominator of the group. No intermediate or advanced movements are shown for fear of isolating the newer, less experienced athlete. Athletes who have more training experience are forced to comply with the remedial routine of the whole group and not gain as much out of the program as they could with a progressive strength and conditioning program designed specifically for them.
What You Seek is What You Get
Parent should realize exactly what they are looking for when it comes to strength and conditioning camps. Do you want an all-day session filled with a large number of peers and other athletes? Or does your child have the drive and potential to benefit from something more?
The summer camp experience might be a good way to expose their teenager to the world of strength and conditioning and they must understand the results gained will be minimal at best due to the time constraints and the limited amount of personal attention received in many SAQ camps. If the athlete shows the desire to progress more, they should look into gyms and coaches that offer year-round programs suited for their needs.
Through my experience I have found that progressive strength and conditioning programs that factor in the athlete’s age, experience, sport, physical strengths and limitations have far superior gains than any of those massive SAQ camps could ever provide. | <urn:uuid:f24277db-2516-4d27-bf66-a7c4a5438326> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.riseabovestrength.com/selecting-a-strength-and-conditioning-gym-for-young-athletes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.974807 | 1,175 | 1.742188 | 2 |
August 20, 2004
On Aug. 20, 1833, Benjamin Harrison, the nation's 23rd president, was born in North Bend, Ohio. In 1866 President Andrew Johnson formally declared the Civil War over, months after the fighting had stopped. In 1914 German forces occupied Brussels during the first weeks of World War I. In 1918 Britain began its offensive on the western front in World War I. In 1940 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill paid tribute to his nation's air force with a wartime speech in which he said, "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few."
July 18, 2004
THE 5-FOOT-7, 31-YEAR-OLD MAN'S TOE TAGS indicated that his was the 116th corpse brought to the morgue in July, that he was delivered by 37th District police on July 22, and that his name was JOHN DILLINGER. Dillinger, of course, had been shot by federal agents after he left the BIOGRAPH THEATRE on Lincoln Avenue, climaxing more than a year of audacious bank robberies and escapes from the law that had turned him into a sort of true-crime matinee idol. When the undertaker hired by Dillinger's Indiana family came for the body, he was told he would have to wait.
October 25, 1988
On Oct. 25, 1701, a city charter was granted to Philadelphia. In 1760 George III ascended the British throne upon the death of his grandfather, King George II. In 1825 the Erie Canal, America's first artificial waterway was opened. In 1892 President Benjamin Harrison's wife, Caroline Lavinia, died in the White House at age 60. In 1911 the Everleigh Club, Chicago's opulent brothel at 2131 S. Dearborn St. was ordered closed by Mayor Carter Harrison II. The brothel had been in operation for 12 years.
December 9, 1986
On Dec. 9, 1793, Noah Webster established New York City's first daily newspaper, the American Minerva. In 1854, Lord Tennyson's "Charge of the Light Brigade" was published in England. In 1884, Levant M. Richardson of Chicago patented the ball-bearing roller skate. In 1889, Chicago's Auditorium Theatre opened with a gala attended by President Benjamin Harrison. In 1905, the separation of church and state was decreed in France. In 1958, Robert Welch Jr. and 11 other men met in Indianapolis and formed the John Birch Society.
August 20, 1993
On Aug. 20, 1741, Alaska was discovered by Danish explorer Vitas Bering. In 1833 Benjamin Harrison, who would become the 23rd president, was born in North Bend, Ohio. In 1887 Dan Casey, a southpaw pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies, struck out in the ninth inning of a game with the New York Giants, inspiring Ernest L. Thayer's poem, "Casey at the Bat." In 1914 German forces occupied Brussels in World War I. In 1920 America's first commercial radio station, 8MK (later WWJ)
June 10, 2002
On June 10, 1847, the Chicago Tribune was first published, with an edition of 400 copies. In 1892 President Benjamin Harrison was renominated by Republicans meeting in Minneapolis. (He would lose the election to former President Grover Cleveland.) In 1898 U.S. Marines invaded Cuba in the Spanish-American War. In 1902 Americus F. Callahan of Chicago received a patent for an envelope with a window. In 1922 entertainer Judy Garland was born in Grand Rapids, Minn. In 1942 the Gestapo killed 173 male residents of Lidice, Czechoslovakia, then burned down the town, in retaliation for the slaying of a local Nazi official.
March 13, 2007
On March 13, 1733, chemist Joseph Priestley, who discovered oxygen, was born near Leeds, Yorkshire, England. In 1781 the planet now known as Uranus was discovered. In 1868 the Senate began its impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson. (He was acquitted by one vote.) In 1884 Standard Time was adopted across the U.S. In 1901 former President Benjamin Harrison died in Indianapolis at 67. In 1906 suffragist Susan B. Anthony died at 86 in Rochester, N.Y. In 1925 Tennessee prohibited the teaching of evolution. | <urn:uuid:5006e598-d55c-4f95-97ca-c2210aa0c839> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://articles.chicagotribune.com/keyword/benjamin-harrison/featured/4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00435-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973219 | 900 | 2.4375 | 2 |
The Goji berry has become the well-being craze of this new millennium. Health-aware folks across the world are needing products derived from it. The extraordinary increase of demand have resulted in the proliferation of the number of items that are available on the market.
Like all commercial products, nonetheless, the quality is never the same with all various brands of products. Crucial variations are available. So how can the consumer differentiate a high quality merchandise from a measly imitation? If you cherished this article and you would like to receive extra data regarding goji pro tm kindly pay a visit to our web-site. There are several factors to look at in determining the 100% Goji juice that is accurate from those fake formulas that don't give anything real in terms of health benefits.
There are four facets of 100% Goji juice the consumer must bear in mind:
(i) The supply of the fixings - Goji plants are grown all around the world. Nevertheless, the Goji plants grown in Northwestern China and in the Himalayan area are those which have the best components. Hence, the consumer should look for 100% Goji drinks which say they bring their berries from Tibet or China.
(ii) The essence of the harvest - Goji berries are extremely tender and cannot handle mechanized harvest. Ii) easily get damaged and their contents oxidized. Look for 100% Goji companies that say that they hand-pick their fruits.
(iii) Organic farming - Goji berries like all crops can be grown intensively using modern production techniques. Herbicides and pesticides will surely result in greater productions but also produce lower quality fruits. Look for juice with the organic label.
(iv) Presence of added ingredients - look for materials such as man-made colour agents or sweeteners. These are occasionally unhealthy and are frequently only to improve the taste. Avoid these color enhancers, sweeteners and pesticides.
A reputable 100% Goji company usually has complete control over its production procedure until it reaches supermarket shelves. 100% Goji juice means no addition of any artificial substances and the absence of exposure to dangerous chemicals such as pesticides and agrochemicals. It's only then that the it shall produce its health effects that are best. It has the following nutrient profile:
- Essential amino acids
- B-Complex vitamins
- Vitamin C
- Over 20 minerals including trace minerals that would generally not maintain the human diet.
- Natural Vitamin E
- carotenoids and Beta carotene (in carrots).
- Linoleic acid (an essential fatty acid)
100% Goji is often a tasteful product requiring no additional sweetening effect, unlike poor replicas. In the West, it's popular as energy drinks and tonics. It is also used to improve overall well-being and longevity. The early Asian healers used Goji along with other herbs.Goji can also be used in smoothies and cocktails for a novel and different flavor. It is also a powerful anti-oxidant fruit that is superb. Diluted and adulterated products don't have the exact same anti-oxidant properties as 100% Goji when properly harvested an stabilized. 100% Goji has a low shelf life and should be used promptly after opening the bottle--about two weeks, since there are not any preservatives as such. On the other hand, if stored unopened it can be kept for more. | <urn:uuid:39e8ecdf-f274-4491-8a29-62a4b70a9fd6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.rebelmouse.com/jonathonwoodley/613157099.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00406-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946878 | 707 | 1.734375 | 2 |
- adjective having a lot of money
- adjective referring to a gun which contains bullets or a camera which contains a film
- adjective rich. This term, formerly slang, is now a common colloquialism.
- adjective in the mood for sex or sexually aroused. The term, which refers to males only, is part of the language of adolescents in use in the later 1990s and was included in Just Seventeen magazine’s ‘lingo of lurve’ in August 1996. | <urn:uuid:daf229ce-5338-4511-872f-2c175a69e892> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dictionarycentral.com/definition/loaded.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930524 | 103 | 1.6875 | 2 |
We have discussed the elimination of edge darkening aka vignetting earlier. This optical aberration if mainly experienced as a darkening of a smaller or larger extent in the corners of photos taken with a wide-angle lens. This time, however, we won’t write about decreasing this effect. Quite on the contrary, we’ll try to spoil a healthy picture with a bit of artificial vignette. Why should one do that? This interesting effect can sometimes help you emphasize the main theme of the picture, for example in a portrait or an object photo. Don’t be afraid! It won’t hurt a bit.
Step 1: Open the photo
This is the photo we will add dark corners to, in order to highlight the theme in the middle.
Step 2: Oval selection
First, select the Elliptical Marquee Tool. Drag a marquee from the upper left corner to the lower right. It will cover the whole of the picture, apart from the corners.
The middle of the picture is selected right now, but we’ll need to manipulate the corners. Right-click inside the selection and click Select Inverse in order to swap the selected areas.
Step 3: Putting a mask on
Click the indicated button on the Tools palette or press Q to display the selection mask. The areas marked in red are masked out. They won’t be affected by the changes you make. The unmasked areas are affected by all changes. As we want a soft edge darkening effect, and the contour of the selection is obviously sharp, we’ll have to blur it. You can do this just like when blurring any other picture element. Simply click Filter/Blur/Gaussian Blur and set a moderate to high value on the dialog. We used a value of about 61 to 62. For a sharper transition, use a lower Radius value. For a softer one, set it higher.
The blur will only affect the mask, not the picture. At least, not yet. Press Q again when you’re done to quit the Quick Mask mode. The picture once again becomes editable.
Step 4: Dark edges
Take care to not click the picture! Doing so cancels the selection and resets all the work you have done until now. Click Image/Adjustments/Levels instead, and drag the indicated arrow to the left on the dialog that is displayed. The more you drag it to the left, the darker the corners will become. Set the vignette effect according to your taste.
Step 5: The effect…
…is surely visible. Do we need to say more? Have fun trying around! | <urn:uuid:845fa201-8de1-45f0-8b7e-15a19dc2672b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://digiretus.com/vignette-effect-in-photoshop/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00479-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.887697 | 555 | 2.296875 | 2 |
It’s a sad time here at Kid Think as we wrap up our 10 weeks of work (and blog posts). We have had a successful last half of our summer. We played with the kids at the Summer Concert Series at Fargnoli Park in Providence and made more chalk with them. We were glad we had an opportunity to give back to the community again after they helped us with our research all summer long! We had a great time enjoying the West African drumming band that was playing while we made the chalk with the children.
On Friday, we took a trip to Salve Regina University to attend the SURF Undergraduate Experience Day and Picnic. They had some speakers talk about graduate school applications and provided a BBQ lunch. We have never been to Salve Regina, so it was so cool to check out the beautiful mansions and walk the Cliff Walk. Afterward, we headed to downtown Newport and treated ourselves to Rhode Island’s famous Del’s Frozen Lemonade. It was perfect weather, and we were happy to spend a Friday down in Newport! Undergraduate research definitely has it perks!
Another Friday, one of the biology research advisors, Dr. Wan, provided a delicious BBQ chicken wing lunch at his house. All those who went would tell you it was impossible to eat just one wing — they were so good! Between the wings, half-priced lunch at the Abbey, $1 coffees at LaSalle on Wednesdays, and buy one, get one Awful Awfuls at Newport Creamery on Mondays, and buy one, get one sandwiches at Geoff’s on Tuesdays, participating in research at PC has allowed us to explore a lot of the great food Providence has to offer. Staying at PC for the summer is definitely worth it!
On the last day of our 10-week program we attended the 8th Annual Rhode Island SURF Conference. This was it! Our entire summer of research led up to this day. In the weeks before, we wrote and rewrote abstracts to submit for the conference, as well as created posters to present. On Friday, July 31st, we packed up our posters and headed down to the University of Rhode Island. The conference was a great success. We had so much fun explaining our work and research to anyone that stopped by our posters. Even the governor came to the conference! It was cool to see the other research that hundreds of other students worked on this summer. So many students were so proud to present their work, and it was a great way to wrap up the summer.
This summer at Kid Think has been a great one. We tested more than 50 (that’s right, 50!) children in our lab, as well as in the Mind Lab at the Providence Children’s Museum. We have had a great time learning from Dr. Van Reet and are excited to continue working in Kid Think in the fall semester. We look forward to thinking up new research ideas and learning through play!
We would like to thank our faculty mentor, Dr. Jennifer Van Reet, for all the wonderful learning opportunities she presented to us this summer. We are so grateful for all that we learned this summer, as well as all the fun that we had in the Kid Think Lab.
We hope everyone has a great rest of their summer! Thank you for reading!
The Kid Think Team – Emma, Jamie, & Mikaila
It’s a sad time here at Kid Think as we wrap up our 10 weeks of work (and blog posts).... MORE
We’re at the half-way point of our summer here at Kid Think and we have had an eventful past few weeks. On Saturday, June 20th we set up a tent at the Hope Street Farmer’s Market as a way to give back to the community. We brainstormed for weeks leading up to the market trying to decide what would be a good craft for the kids. We ultimately decided on do-it-yourself chalk. We experimented the whole week leading up to that day trying to figure out what was the best recipe and what was the easiest way for children to help. We were so excited to make chalk with the kids!
The weather ended up being great that Saturday morning and we eagerly set up camp waiting for the kids to roll in. The DIY chalk ended up being a great success. We helped more than 50 kids make chalk of all different colors and gave them Kid Think goodie bags to take home. It was nice to get some recruiting done at the same time! Lots of parents were curious about what we do here at Kid Think and were happy to register their children. Overall, it was a great way to get our name out there in the Providence community.
As for here in the lab, we continue to set up appointments and have children come in to play with us. So far, we have tested more than 30 children this summer. With most of the kids out of school for the summer, we have become a fun spot for parents to bring their children as a summer activity. In addition to children coming in for appointments, we have been helping our faculty advisor, Dr. Jennifer Van Reet, brainstorm ideas for possible new studies and grants we would like apply for. Some possibilities include making modifications to a previous study looking at children learning through “Fantasy versus Reality” and creating a study to learn more about guided play versus free play for children. We are excited about the future and we are already excited for the fall!
Next up on the calendar we have another community event at Fargnoli Park where we plan on making chalk again and hanging out with children at the summer concert series there! It’s been an exciting time here at Kid Think and we cannot wait for this last half of the summer!
Until Next Time!
The Kid Think Team
Hi Friends! We’re at the half-way point of our summer here at Kid Think and we have had an eventful... MORE
It’s week three here at Kid Think, and we are getting settled in the lab! There are three research assistants working here for 10 weeks this summer. Emma is a rising senior psychology student with a business minor. Mikaila is a double psychology and history major. And lastly, Jamie is a psychology major and business minor. We enjoy studying psychology and all hope to continue our studies in psychology after we graduate from Providence College.
During the 10 weeks, we will be running two studies. The first study is titled “Factors Influencing Children’s Causal Learning” and tests children three to five years of age. This study examines whether or not children can learn through pretend play. Children are presented with a pretend machine and are given the chance to apply the information they learn from that pretend machine to real life afterward. The second study is funded through a program at URI. This study, Comprehension of Pretense, or the “Toddler Study,” as we call it, is made up of games for 18-24 months old–testing their understanding of pretend play and their self-control. The kids are all so cute to work with, and we love having them come in for appointments!
On Thursday mornings we go to the Providence Children’s Museum and run their “Mind Lab.” From 10:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. we walk around the museum and invite families into the lab. If children are eligible to participate in our studies, we play the games with them and, afterward, they get to pick out a prize! We love going to the museum to see a new set of children every week! We also enjoy playing with the toys there just like the kids.
We are looking forward to a summer filled with play!
Over and out,
The Kid Think Team
Hey Friends! It’s week three here at Kid Think, and we are getting settled in the lab! There are three... MORE | <urn:uuid:11f8c09f-55d8-461d-ae2e-fa7be34372c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.providence.edu/student-research/tag/jamie-russo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00187-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9763 | 1,645 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Provost Skene's House, Guestrow, Flourmill Lane, Aberdeen
What you see here is one of the panels from The Life of Christ. But lets first discuss the house.
Provost Skene¿s House is the oldest surviving house in Aberdeen and of the few remaining examples of early burgh architecture in the city. The house dates from about 1545 and subsequent changes have occurred since then. In 1622 it was bought by Matthew Lumsden who another storey and a gable section. You can still see his coat of Arms with the date of 1626 on one of the gables.
Wealthy merchant and later Provost of Aberdeen, George Skene of Rubislaw bought it in 1669. He modified it extensively and this is much what you see today.
The Duke of Cumberland's troops used it in 1746 and because of that it became for a while known as Cumberland's House. It was subdivided in 1732 into separate tenements, made into a single dwelling again in the next century and later became a lodging house. Over time it became dilapidated. Buildings around it were demolished and this house too was in danger of being lost. But thanks to a public campaign it was saved and restored.
Lets now turn back to the scene in my photograph above. This is from the larger of two richly painted rooms, the gallery. The paintings cover the wood lined walls and coombed ceiling. The name of the artist is unknown, although Flemish and Germanic influences can be discerned. The scene here is one of 10 depicting The Life of Christ. Other motifs such as the armorial devices are thought to be by Matthew Lumsden. And this suggests that the others may be by him too. If so they would have been done between 1622-44. The very fact that they have survived through the Reformation makes them some of the most important religious paintings in Scotland.
We can imagine the provost entertaining his guests here, dressed in their formal regalia even in his home, discussing the politics of the day yet constantly reminded of the lessons and morals of Christ. But such artwork does more. It reiterates strong links with Europe. The provost was after all a successful merchant. | <urn:uuid:257af0d0-ca61-40a3-b08e-dc68cc3bfa29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.spanglefish.com/Watsononarchitecture/index.asp?pageid=670098 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.984932 | 466 | 2.71875 | 3 |
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Hop-Based Energy Aware Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
Publication Date: 2010/02/01
Online ISSN: 1745-1345
Print ISSN: 0916-8516
Type of Manuscript: PAPER
wireless sensor networks, energy efficiency, hop number, network lifetime, clustering,
Full Text: PDF>>
Energy efficient routing is one of the key design issues to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) since sensor nodes can not be easily re-charged once they are deployed. During routing process, the routes with only few hops or with too many hops are not energy efficient. Hop-based routing algorithms can largely improve the energy efficiency of multi-hop routing in WSNs because they can determine the optimal hop number as well as the corresponding intermediate nodes during multi-hop routing process under medium or high density network. In this paper, we not only focus on studying the relationship between energy consumption and hop number from theoretical point of view but also provide a practical selection criterion of the sub-optimal hop number under practical sensor network so as to minimize the energy consumption. We extend the theoretical deduction of optimal hop number and propose our Hop-based Energy Aware Routing (HEAR) algorithm which is totally distributed and localized. Simulation results show that our HEAR algorithm can reduce the average energy consumption about 10 times compared to the direct transmission algorithm and 2 to 10 times than other algorithms like LEACH and HEED under various network topologies. | <urn:uuid:a74f9521-2c9e-4929-8761-ca81d5205ef4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e93-b_2_305&category=B&lang=&year=2010&abst= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.884127 | 451 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Three insignificant letters: RTM. They make up 11 percent of the alphabet. RTM—on their own they have no meaning. RTM—grouped together they can stand for many different things. RTM—in relation to photography, their meaning is narrowed. RTM—“Do I have to?” I’m often asked. RTM—“Yes,” I respond. RTM: Read The Manual! Some people would rather endure a root canal than toil through the pages of their little white book. But if you’re missing out on many of your camera’s features because you blow it off, why did you spend all that money on that great body? RTM.
You just got a new camera. Yes, it’s intimidating. You bravely take it out of the box, charge the battery, insert a memory card and press the shutter. Up pops the image on the LCD—voila, it works. You experiment using different program modes; the exposures are perfect. You set the camera to aperture priority and make another photo. Everything looks fine. But then the thought of pressing the Menu button enters your mind and beads of sweat form on your forehead. That’s why the manual is included! The following are a few scenarios of image capture where reading the manual enables you to take your photography to the next level.
Time to Get Creative: You always wanted to make double exposures. This is a primary reason you bought your new body. By simply referencing the index under Multiple Exposures, you’re directed to the pages that instruct the process. You read through that section and begin to think to yourself, “Now that wasn’t so bad!” Hopefully, it’s enough motivation to get you through the next chapter. The way I made the accompanying image was to use a feature called Image Overlay—a variation of the multiple exposure technique found in the same section of my manual. Had I not read it, I would have never known it existed. Let the words resonate: RTM.
Nail The Exposure: The metering systems in today’s cameras are extraordinary. They provide excellent exposures in difficult situations. But even the best technology can be fooled if the light throws it a low, outside curve. You look at the LCD and the image is either too bright or too dark. You then check the histogram and it’s confirmed. Rather than walk away frustrated, you remember back to the section in the manual that discussed Exposure Compensation. You hold down the button with the little plus and minus sign and adjust the exposure by spinning the command wheel. The result is an image with a perfect exposure. All of a sudden, the manual is your best friend. You get so excited, you run home and read it from cover to cover. Let the words resonate: RTM.
All Those Autofocus Settings: The number of autofocus settings leaves the casual photographer scratching his or her head why there are so many. After all, the camera is only going to be used to make some really nice snapshots of the kids on vacation or maybe at a local weekend event. Given the fact that it requires time to learn all those settings and the camera will be used casually, why bother learning them? So the next weekend soccer game arrives and, finally, little Billy plays lead forward and you want to capture all the action. Here’s where reading the manual would have been good. You would have switched the camera to Continuous mode, set the switch on the back to Dynamic, changed the number of focus points, raised the ISO setting, turned on the image stabilization, etc. In other words, knowing what should be done to increase the number of keepers would have been beneficial. Let the words resonate: RTM.
The moral of the story is that reading the manual is a good thing. You’ll never find it on Oprah’s recommended reads, but then again, if you don’t read it, you may not get the shot that could appear on the front cover of your favorite magazine. Let the words resonate: RTM.
Visit www.russburdenphotography.com for information about his nature photography tours and safari to Tanzania. | <urn:uuid:d6065a23-605b-4b49-b383-cff7d15b25fd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.outdoorphotographer.com/tips-techniques/photo-tip-of-week/read-the-manual/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00230-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948766 | 881 | 2.0625 | 2 |
A walk in bathtub can make bathing safer and easier for the elderly who have to deal with physical conditions that make getting in and out of standard bathtubs difficult. Instead of having to lower your bodyweight into a supine position as with traditional tubs, walk in bathtubs only require the user to step over a small lip and transfer to a normal seat height. These tubs can help many people regain independence in the bathroom and turn the chore of bathing into a pleasure again.
Even though a walk in bathtub can make a dramatic difference in a person's quality of life, it's not considered a medical necessity by Medicare or Medicaid. Since walk-in-tubs don’t qualify as durable medical equipment, Medicare won't help finance or reimburse the purchase price of a walk in bathtub. It may be worth it to apply for reimbursement if your doctor actually prescribes the tub as a medical necessity, but it is unlikely Medicare or Medicaid your application. Fortunately, there are other options.
Finding help financing your walk-in-tub may be difficult, but there are resources available. The main reason it's so difficult to acquire funding is because there are other, less expensive options for easier bathing, such as bath lifts, that are designed specifically for those with disabilities and physical limitations. A walk in bathtub is something that anyone can and may use, which means that it is often considered a luxury item.
Some organizations may be able to help, especially if you have documentation from your doctor stating that the walk in bathtub is necessary and/or will greatly improve the quality of your life. First, check with any private health insurance and Medicare supplement plans you have. While it's unlikely that they'll help, it's worth looking into. If you're a veteran, contact the United States Department of Veteran Affairs. They may be able to help you find organizations that finance and assist veterans in things like home accessibility and modification issues.
Another option for low-income customers is to contact the USDA. The Rural Housing and Community Facilities Program may have grants or low-interest loans available to help you with the cost of a walk in bathtub and any necessary modifications to make your home more accessible. If you make too much and don't qualify, they may be able to point you to resources that are harder to find on your own.
The National Home Modification Action Coalition, Inc. is an organization with the sole purpose of helping people modify their environments to make them safer. They may be able to help you find financing including grants and loans. And don't forget organizations designed for the disabled and seniors, like the AARP, which can help with things like lower-interest loans and other resources. | <urn:uuid:93cf0cc7-19cd-49fc-8bd2-5d2ab1b46e63> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ameriglide.com/financing-reimbursement-for-walk-in-bathtubs.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00567-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962059 | 551 | 1.9375 | 2 |
For Portland, Ore., Woman, Home These Days Is Where She Parks Her Minivan
The coronavirus pandemic has left tens of millions of people without a safety net. Naida Lavon is one of them.
Lavon is 67 years old, a retired school bus driver, and she was recently furloughed from her part-time job at Avis Rent-a-Car. In March, she also found herself without a home so she started living in her minivan on the streets of Portland, Ore. For the past few months, Lavon has been keeping an audio diary of her experience being newly homeless.
Her first night living in her car, Lavon didn't know where to park and feel safe. She drove around and found a road in an industrial area on the west side of Portland's airport. The road is lined on both sides with people living in their cars, RVs and trailers. Many look as if they have been parked there a long time: They have awnings and furniture set up. Lavon parks alongside them each night, and although she doesn't interact with her neighbors much, she says she feels there's safety in numbers.
For privacy, Lavon has blacked out most of the minivan's windows with insulating material. Her bed takes up half the back of her car. Her mattress is made out of seat cushions, camping pads and a duvet cover. She has an old sleeping bag for warmth. She stores her belongings in plastic drawers and a rooftop carrier.
One of the biggest hurdles for Lavon is staying clean. Because of the pandemic, many public restrooms are closed. She often goes to the grocery store during the day to use the bathroom and wash up. Occasionally, she stops by a friend's apartment to take a shower. Lavon says she tries not to panic about the possibility of getting the virus but takes as many precautions as she can.
Lavon considers herself fortunate compared with others living on the streets. She has a nice car, which runs well. She's usually clean and well-dressed. She has Social Security and a small pension, even if it's not enough to afford housing in Portland.
In her audio diary, Lavon records a conversation with her daughter, Laura Jones, 43, as they sit in a Starbucks parking lot. Jones lives about two hours away in Tacoma, Wash., with her husband and two kids.
Jones wants to know how long her mother thinks she can live out of her minivan — until September, Lavon replies.
"I would like for you to stay with us," her daughter says.
But there's no spare room, and Lavon would be sleeping in the kitchen nook.
"I'm not comfortable with that," Lavon tells her daughter. "I hate to feel like a burden."
Lavon also worries that her presence would add tension to Jones' relationship with her husband.
For Jones, the hardest part has been seeing her mom's bed in the car.
"That's when it hit me," she tells her mother. "What kind of daughter am I if I'm letting you live in your car?"
Lavon has struggled with housing instability since she was a kid. She grew up with a single mom who worked multiple jobs, and they moved around a lot.
"I'm just one of those people that's always on the move, not always willingly," Lavon says. "That's just how my life has gone."
This story was produced by Nellie Gilles of Radio Diaries, with help from Sarah Kate Kramer and Joe Richman. It was edited by Deborah George and Ben Shapiro. We also had help from Jessica Deahl.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | <urn:uuid:6ffcf691-a17b-4c4f-b601-ced1781a973a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ksmu.org/2020-06-23/for-portland-ore-woman-home-these-days-is-where-she-parks-her-minivan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.985642 | 787 | 1.804688 | 2 |
My latest reading of Take It Back: Our Party, Our Country, Our Future, by James Carville and Paul Begala, was about national security. Essentially, Carville and Begala criticized how George W. Bush's handled 9/11----both the events leading up to it and also its aftermath----and also how Republicans who never served in the military have smeared Democrats who have stellar war-records.
In this post, I'll talk
about my evolving view on the Iraq War. There was a time when I would
defend George W. Bush against his detractors and haters. See this post
as an example of that. Do I regret doing that? Not at all. There are
two (and often more) sides to every story. Why should I assume that a
left-wing narrative is the only one that's legitimate?
looking at the claims that Carville and Begala made in my latest
reading, I could find articles that said something different from what
Carville and Begala were saying.
----On page 93, Carville and
Begala say that Cheney repeated the claim that a senior Iraqi
intelligence official met with 9/11 ringleader Mohamed Atta in Prague,
even though Czech authorities said that was false, and CIA and FBI
officials investigated and found no indication that Atta left the U.S.
during the time in question. For Carville and Begala, the implication
of this was that Cheney was lying to get us into a war. Here,
however, is Cheney's account of why he initially believed that Atta met
with the Iraqi official in Prague, only later to repudiate that view.
page 95, Carville and Begala say that George W. Bush out-sourced the
hunt for Osama Bin-Laden to local warlords in Afghanistan, which allowed
Bin-Laden to escape. According to this article, however, information after Bin Laden's death has shown us a different story.
page 114, Carville and Begala say that "It was Democrats who stood and
fought when the Bush administration tried to eliminate imminent-danger
pay and family-separation pay for the 148,000 troops in Iraq."
According to this,
however, the Department of Defense had "an alternative proposal to
maintain total compensation for those serving in a combat zone, or in
direct support of a combat zone, through increased use of Hardship Duty
Who's right, and who's wrong? What's fact, and what's
propaganda? What is a legitimate claim, and what is an unfair attack,
or spin in defense of a certain position or party? I'm sure that people
could go more deeply into these issues than I have done here, and than
has been done in a number of discussion forums.
In my right-wing
days, while I was skeptical about left-wing narratives about Bush and
the Iraq War, there were seeds that were planted that led me to have
second thoughts about my "yay rah Bush" attitude. I was learning about
the horrors of war, as I watched TV and read stories and heard about
people who had lost life and limb, and my conservative friends'
dismissal of those horrors with the platitude of "War is hell" did not
cut it with me after a certain point. In 2008, I was gravitating
towards John McCain and Sarah Palin, and one thing that attracted me to
them was that they either served in war (in the case of McCain) or had
family that was serving in war (in the case of both McCain and Palin),
and that differentiated them in my mind from George W. Bush and Dick
Cheney, who, as far as I know, did not have family in the wars (but I'm
open to correction on this).
There were other factors as well: my
enthusiasm about Ron Paul; my reading about anti-war conservatism; Bill
Clinton's discussion of the waste of money that was occurring in Iraq;
the fact that politicians with stellar military records were speaking
out against the Iraq War, and efforts to smear them were becoming old,
if not tacky (which is an understatement, I know); how Halliburton was
costing taxpayers a lot of money; the Iraqi woman in Fahrenheit 9/11
who lost a loved one as a result of our bombing and pleaded to Allah
for justice; etc. I still believe that there is more to the story than
the "Bush lied, people died" mantra that leftists used to repeat. But I
concluded that there was more to reality than what I was hearing from
the Bush Administration and right-wing media, too.
9 hours ago | <urn:uuid:0c6e8d27-e097-4eb9-8249-b3c537c98c4b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://jamesbradfordpate.blogspot.com/2012/12/take-it-back-4-iraq-war.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00043-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97557 | 995 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Frog (Novo) 1/72 Whittle E28/39 Kit First Look
By Ray Mehlberger
|Date of Review||January 2009||Manufacturer||Frog|
|Kit Number||F174||Primary Media||Styrene|
|Pros||Neat kit of Britians first jet aircraft||Cons||Almost non-existant cockpit detail, Raised type panel lines may not please some modelers|
|Skill Level||Novice||MSRP (USD)||Out of Production|
The Gloster E.28/39 (also referred to as the “Gloster Whittle”, “Gloster Pioneer”, or “Gloster G.40) was the first British jet engined aircraft to fly in the United Kingdom. Developed to test the new Whittle jet engine in flight, the test results would influence the development of an operational fighter, the Gloster Meteor.
In September 1939, the Air Ministry issued a specification to Gloster for an aircraft to test one of Frank Whittle’s turbojet designs in flight. Working closely with Whittle, Gloster’s chief designer George Carter laid out a small low-wing aircraft of conventional configuration. The jet intake was in the nose, and the tail-fi and elevators were mounted above the exhaust pipe. A contract for two prototypes was signed by the Air Ministry on 3 February 1940 and the first of these was completed by April 1941. Building started in Hucclecote, near Gloucester, but was later moved to Regent Motors in Cheltenham High Street (now the Regent Arcade), considered a location safer from bombing.
The aircraft was delivered to Hucclecote for ground tests beginning on 7 April using a non-flightworthy version of the Power Jets W.1 engine. With these satisfactorily completed, the aircraft was fitted with a new engine, and on 15 May, Gloster’s chief test pilot, Flight Lieutenant Gerry Sayer flew the aircraft under jet power for the first time from RAF Cranwell, near Sleaford Lincolnshire. The flight lasted 17 minutes and was a complete success. Tests continued with increasingly refined versions of the engine over the following months. Later in the test program, small, auxiliary fins were added to near the tips of the tailplanes to provide additional stability in high-speed flight. The E.28/39 specification had actually required the aircraft to carry two Browning .303 machine-guns in each wing, but these were never fitted.
The second prototype (serial W4046) joined the test program on 1 March 1943, initially powered by a Rover W2B engine. Testing had revealed problems with engine oil and lubricants. The second prototype was destroyed on 30 July in a crash resulting from an aileron failure, attributed to the use of the wrong type of grease in the aileron’s controls. One aileron had “stuck in position”, sending the aircraft out of control. The test pilot successfully bailed out.
The first prototype continued flight tests until 1944, by which time more advanced turbojet-powered aircraft were available. Although the Gloster E.28/39 was not able to achieve high speeds, it proved to be a capable experimental platform and exhibited good climb rate and ceiling. Moreover, experience with the E.28/39 paved the way for Britain’s first operational jet fighter aircraft, the Gloster Meteor – as already mentioned.
Frog was a model company based in the UK. When they went out of business the majority of their molds were sold to NOVO in Russia. Novo still markets 95% of them. I went to the Novo site and the Whittle is still shown there, but the site is all in Russian text and cannot tell you the price of this kit today. I purchased mine, over 30 years ago, for a paltry 70 cents.
When I first moved to my city back then, I met a modeling neighbor. He introduced me to a department store, that has since gone out of business, that sold both Frog and Airfix aircraft kits. This is where I purchased this kit and several others. I had not modeled since my teens and a 4 year tour in the USAF, but now I was HOOKED again. Some of the kits also had the brand name FROG AIRLINES. I have never understood the airlines part??
The kit comes in a cello bag, that is stapled to a header card. The artwork on half of this card is of the first Whittle prototype (serial no. W4041G) sitting on a runway. It is in a wave pattern camouflage of sand and dark brown over a yellow undercarriage. It carries the British roundels in the normal 6 positions. Behind the fuselage roundels is a yellow circle with a yellow P inside it (P = prototype). After this is the black serial no. W4041G. There is a red, white and blue fin flash on the rudder sides. This solitary scheme is the only marking on the decal sheet and is shown on the other half of the header card that folds over the back of the bag. It is shown there, in full color, is a 3-view illustration.
Under the illustrations is the comment: “Great Britain’s first jet aircraft, built by the Gloster Aircraft Co. and powered by Frank Whittle’s Power Jets W.1 engine, first flew 15th May 1941, piloted by Flt.Lt. P.E.G. Sayer. W4041/G is now displayed in the Science Museum , London.”
The other side of this header card serves as the assembly instructions. It begins with 5 international assembly symbol illustrations and their meanings in 7 languages, including English. Below this, is 8 assembly steps. Although these steps call out part numbers, there are NONE on the parts trees. Meaning that modelers will have to identify things on the trees by their shape in these drawings and try to find them. Bad move Frog!
The bag contains what appears to be a larger parts tree that Frog butchered into smaller trees that have just a few parts on them, in order to fit into the cello bag. There are 2 loose fuselage halves, 2 loose wing halves, a loose nose-wheel and main wheel compartment door. Other than that, there are 4 chopped-up trees of parts molded in medium gray styrene and the single clear cockpit part. The decal sheet, with the single marking for the 1st prototype Whittle (already described above) completes the bag’s contents.
The 1st tree holds: halves of the horizontal tail surfaces and the other nose wheel compartment door (5 parts)
The 2nd three holds: landing gear legs, 3 other main wheel compartment doors, cockpit wall/floor combination halves (6 parts)
The 3rd tree holds: a large (1/48th scale??) standing pilot figure, a 1/72nd scale seated pilot figure, wheels, nose wheel strut and the pilot seat (8 parts)
The 4th, and final medium gray tree holds: the other horizontal tail halves, rudder and wing flaps (5 parts)
The clear canopy part and decal complete the bag’s contents. The canopy is molded solid and would be better if replaced with a vacuformed copy. However, the cockpit interior is very, very sparse – with only the combination floor/sidwall halves and the seat and pilot. This is an area that sorely needs more detail added by scratchbuilding for sure!
This is an easy build with only 28 total parts in the kit. However, as mentioned, the cockpit interior needs some serious attention. Recommended to modelers of all skill levels. It is definitely a week-end project. | <urn:uuid:b482e7d4-aab0-4e3a-a958-7a681efd6d06> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cybermodeler.com/hobby/kits/frog/kit_frog_f174.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00475-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959561 | 1,623 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Cost of living in Karachi, Pakistan compared to Al Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
WARNING! This comparison is based on only a few data points. At this point it is only a guess. It is based on 1,618 prices entered by 129 different people.
These prices were last updated on January 20, 2017. Exchange rate: 0.03584 SAR / PKR *
Do you live in Al Qurayyat? We need your help!
What do you think about this comparison?
Cost of living in Karachi (Pakistan) is 12% more expensive than in Al Qurayyat (Saudi Arabia)
For example, you would need at least ﷼ 2,806 (₨78,304) in Karachi to maintain the same standard of living that you can have with ﷼ 2,500 in Al Qurayyat.
Recent Prices Added
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- 1 kg of rice in Zagreb costs 10 kn (about 1 hour ago)
- Monthly rent - 45 m2 furnished studio in normal area in Trento costs €550 (about 1 hour ago)
- Internet 8 mbps, 1 month in Santiago costs CH$15,000 (about 1 hour ago) | <urn:uuid:2658c5f2-0ad9-4f20-bed3-19bf161fe425> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.expatistan.com/cost-of-living/comparison/al-qurayyat/karachi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.886435 | 332 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Another great argument for opt-in as opposed to opt-out data sharing on social networks. This past weekend, [Nathan Ruser] announced on Twitter that Strava’s heatmap also managed to highlight exercise activity by military/intelligence personnel around the world, including some unannounced facilities. More worryingly, some of the mapped paths imply patrol and supply routes.
The biggest contributor (besides wearing a tracking device in general) to this situation is that the data sharing is enabled by default and must be opted-out:
“You can opt-out of contributing your anonymized public activity data to Strava Metro and the Heatmap by unchecking the box in this section.” – Strava Blog, July 2017
A global map published by the company shows users’ movements and is said to expose data about bases and personnel, including those of U.S. forces in Iraq and Syria. | <urn:uuid:536cbf05-a5cc-4161-88d8-f669e46b4560> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gearandgrit.com/recommended-reading-strava-fitness-app-can-reveal-military-sites-analysts-say/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.945037 | 191 | 1.789063 | 2 |
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The Need for Privacy Protections: Is Industry Self-Regulation Adequate?
On June 28, 2012, the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee held a hearing on the need for consumer privacy protections. The FTC and the Administration have both outlined voluntary industry practices, such as the implementation of Do Not Track options on Web browsers, but they have also said that further legislation is necessary.
New Technologies and Innovations in the Mobile and Online Space, and the Implications for Public Policy
The House Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, Competition and the Internet held an educational hearing on June 19, 2012 entitled "New Technologies and Innovations in the Mobile and Online Space, and the Implications for Public Policy." The hearing focused on privacy issues related to mobile, online, and geolocation technologies, as well as private sector efforts to safeguard consumer privacy and whether legislation to impose new regulations is warranted.
Data Protection Reform Legislation in the European Union
Earlier in 2012, the European Commission proposed a major reform of the European Union’s (EU) legal framework on the protection of personal data. The new proposals are meant to strengthen individual rights and to address the challenges of globalization in light of emerging technologies. The EU's Data Protection Directive is also developing specific rules for the transfer of personal data outside the EU to ensure the best possible protection of data when it is exported abroad.
Google's New Copyright Transparency Report
Recently, Google expanded its Transparency Report program by releasing a detailed report of content removal requests from copyright holders. This report joins its semi-annual government takedown transparency report, and covers more than 95% of the copyright takedown requests it has received for Search results since July 2011.
What is striking is the volume of takedown notices Google receives. For example in May 2012, it processed over 1.5 million requests for Search alone - from 1,507 copyright owners and 1,217 reporting organizations. The vast majority of them are well below 1%. In other words, no one has complained about well over 99% of the pages on these sites. For example for The Pirate Bay, Google received takedown notices for less than 5% of their indexed pages.
Next Steps in the Georgia State Case
On May 31, 2012, the plaintiffs (i.e., Cambridge University Press, Oxford University Press, and Sage Publications) in the Georgia State University (GSU) electronic reserves case, filed a proposed injunction that would prohibit GSU professors from making unauthorized copies that are not “narrowly tailored to accomplish the instructor’s educational objectives” and do not “constitute the ‘heart of the work’ ” from which they are excerpted. In addition, the publishers have asked Judge Orinda Evans to mandate that GSU’s revised policy on e-reserves require professors to “investigate the availability of digital permissions before it may determine that a proposed use of an excerpt of a work is protected by the fair use doctrine.” (See the EDUCAUSE
Tags from the EDUCAUSE Library
The Authors Guild v. Google: The Case Goes On
In the latest development in the long-running case over Google’s book-scanning, the federal judge in the case ruled on May 31, 2012 that groups representing authors and photographers could go forward with a class action.
The ruling is a setback for Google, which had asked the judge to remove the Authors Guild and a photographers’ group from the lawsuit. Google had also argued that a class action was not appropriate because many authors were in favor of having their works appear in the company’s search results.
The judge’s ruling means that the groundwork is laid for a trial on whether Google’s decision to scan millions of books amounted to fair use.
MIT Establishes Research Center to Address the Opportunities and Challenges of Big Data
The Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) at MIT announced on May 30, 2012 a major research initiative called bigdata@CSAIL to tackle the challenges of the “big data” -- data collections that are too big, growing too fast, or are too complex for existing information technology systems to handle. According to the announcement, big data requires a “new generation of technologies to store, manage, analyze, share, and understand the huge quantities of data we are now capable of collecting.”
Internet Privacy Legislation: What the White House, Federal Trade Commission, and the European Commission Are Recommending
On May 14, 2012, the Congressional Internet Caucus Advisory Committee sponsored the discussion, “New Internet Privacy Legislation: What the White House, Federal Trade Commission and the European Commission are Recommending.”
Oversight of the Office of the Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator
On Wednesday, May 9, 2012, the Senate Judiciary Committee held its third oversight hearing to discuss intellectual property enforcement since the establishment of the Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator. The witness before the committee was Victoria A. Espinel, Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator. One of the primary roles of this position is to coordinate the work being done across government agencies, including the Department of Justice, the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security, and the U.S. Trade Representative, to combat intellectual property theft.
Access to, Sharing, and Retention of Research Data: What Do Campuses Need to Do?
Data that are generated by research and other scholarly activities are the lifeblood of the research enterprise. These research investigators and their institutions have responsibilities and obligations regarding access to and retention of these research data. Recognizing the importance of these research data as a valuable resource that needs to be managed properly is key to maximizing the return on the research investment. | <urn:uuid:ac3c4d8c-57da-4c91-988e-23d987074e45> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.educause.edu/blogs/cheverij?page=5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00035-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92491 | 1,203 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Do You Believe in the Loch Ness Monster ?
by Takeo Maebashi
(Higashiyamato, Tokyo, Japan)
Nessie's image in Loch Ness
Scotland is famous for Loch Ness. Speaking of Loch Ness...it is believed that there is a legendary monster there. The legendary monster has been affectionately referred to by the nickname "Nessie" since the 1950s (my nickname is Bassie!).
Evidence of Nessie's existence is anecdotal, with minimal and much disputed photographic material and sonar readings. The scientific community regards the Loch Ness Monster as a modern-day myth, and explains sightings as a mix of hoaxes and wishful thinking. Despite this, it remains one of the most famous examples of cryptozoology, the study of creatures.
Do you believe in the existence of the Loch Ness Monster? Aside from belief or no belief, I like these mysterious stories! Someday I'd like to visit the Loch Ness and to see Nessie with my very own eyes!!
Join in and write your own page! It's easy to do. How? Simply click here to return to What Japanese University Students Think About Scotland. | <urn:uuid:955a2c68-66e9-415f-bdbe-e45c8a01ea1e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.garyjwolff.com/do-you-believe-in-the-loch-ness-monster-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00573-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943668 | 239 | 2.046875 | 2 |
FOREX CHARTS HISTORICAL - FREE FOREX TRADING COURSES - FOREX BROKERS COMPARED.
Forex Charts Historical
- Belonging to the past, not the present
- Of or concerning history; concerning past events
- diachronic: used of the study of a phenomenon (especially language) as it changes through time; "diachronic linguistics"
- (esp. of a novel or movie) Set in the past
- of or relating to the study of history; "historical scholars"; "a historical perspective"
- throughout history; "historically they have never coexisted peacefully"
- Record on a chart
- (chart) a visual display of information
- make a chart of; "chart the territory"
- (chart) a map designed to assist navigation by air or sea
- Make a map of (an area)
- Plot (a course) on a chart
- The foreign exchange market (forex, FX, or currency market) is a worldwide decentralized over-the-counter financial market for the trading of currencies.
- Foreign exchange
- The market in which participants are able to buy, sell, exchange and speculate on currencies. The forex markets is made up of banks, commercial companies, central banks, investment management firms, hedge funds, and retail forex brokers and investors.
- The foreign exchange (also known as "forex" or "FX") market is the place where currencies are traded. The overall forex market is the largest, most liquid market in the world with an average traded value that exceeds $1.9 trillion per day and includes all of the currencies in the world.
Interesting historical blend in in the heart of SLC, Utah. A modern city for America this is as historic as it gets. This building has been preserved in the middle of SLC along with the historic religious building built by Brigham Young and his followers, when the Mormon pioneers moved into the valley, after being chased out of the mid-West.
HISTORICAL CAFÉ TOMMASEO
The historical cafe Tommaseo is a well preserved place. The statues and the stuccoworks are authentic. The cafe has been refurbished ten years ago adding modern lamps and repainting everything cream. The effect is pleasant but artificial. I prefer the gloomy interiors of the historical cafe San Marco.
Related topics: the trading daygold forexforex producteasy day tradeworld fair trade day 2011forex broker in canadacapital forex reviewforex autopilot keybecome forex broker | <urn:uuid:5a54c46e-ec06-48c3-94e9-5cba5cf16fac> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://sites.google.com/site/daytradecurrencies/forex-charts-historical---forex-charts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00332-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920576 | 545 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Rainbow Fairy Training
Welcome to Rainbow Fairy Academy,
Training for only special chosen Fairies & Elves!
Here you will meet Ms Do-It-All, the Head Teacher of Rainbow Fairy Academy and be guided through 5 Days of Training with Fairy Tara.
Rainbow Fairy Training Includes
5 Activity Videos & some bonus videos about the Rainbow Fairies that you can watch any time!
You will receive a special pack in the post with some things for each day,
including secret fairy tasks to complete! All you will need to get is some ingredients
for chocolate making and basic craft materials.
Deciding your Fairy Colour & Designing your fairy house, Creating a Rainbow Flower Crown, Learning Spells and Potions, Fairy Chocolate Making & Creating a Fairy-Tale Scrapbook Story!
The pack sent in the post includes Stickers, Magic dust, a Magic Card, Potion Ingredients,
Colouring & Activity pages & a Rainbow Pencil.
There are also PDF Colouring Printables and a Certificate to print at the end.
Once you have completed your Fairy Training, you can print off your certificate and sign your name!
To access Rainbow Fairy Training, just purchase your pack for £15.00 and you will receive the special password and links to the page with all of the content included.
Please note your account only be valid for 1 year after purchase. | <urn:uuid:7b225779-d5c1-47fb-820d-55fa2d9283a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tinytstheatre.com/rainbowfairytraining | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.88835 | 286 | 1.554688 | 2 |
There is a growing demand for recycled plastics globally, particularly for use in food and beverage packaging, while the supply of high-quality food-grade recycled polymer material remains limited. Demand is driven by the recycling targets set by brand owners and regulators.
To assist the industry in effectively securing the supply of recycled resins suitable for food and beverage packaging, global commodity intelligence company ICIS has announced the release of the Recycling Supply Tracker – Chemical, which provides the producers of fast-moving producer goods (FMCGs) and chemicals, large converters and retailers with the most comprehensive view of the emerging chemical recycling market.
Chemical recycling could bridge the gap in supply of the recycled plastics
Brands, retailers and consumers are increasing demand and adoption of recycled polymers across many markets. However, the mechanically recycled polymer market is currently constrained, with global capacity sitting at less than 10% of the entire global capacity for major polymers, according to ICIS.
Chemical recycling is an area of growing interest and investment in the world of sustainability as it could bridge the gap in supply and is possibly the only way to reach scale for food-grade packaging recycling.
The tracker provides insight into chemical recycling projects globally, with a comprehensive view of project status and capacities
As of 2021, the global installed capacity for chemical recycling is under 2.5 million tonnes, including both commercial and pre-commercial facilities, with the Asia-Pacific and North America as the leading regions, ICIS said.
Chemical recycling processes can also be used to revert plastic waste back to an earlier molecular state. The ICIS Recycling Supply Tracker – Chemical has identified that, in terms of capacity, only around 20% of the global recyclers currently produce polymers as an output of their chemical recycling facilities.
The ICIS Recycling Supply Tracker – Chemical is updated with new projects and project developments as they happen. Less than 30% of projects are currently operating at commercial scale, but over half of the plants identified are expected to start up in the next 3 years.
Tracker is fostering investments that improve circularity and prevent waste
Louise Boddy, Head of Commercial Strategy and Sustainability at ICIS, said plastic waste is one of the biggest issues facing society and that the investment now going into the development of new technologies to deal with plastic waste could be a game changer in the prevention of environmental leakage of used plastic.
“Efforts to bring more complex technology and greater scale to this industry are accelerating fast and ICIS is detailing these developments with its new supply tracker, helping to foster partnerships and investments that improve circularity and prevent waste,” ICIS underscored. | <urn:uuid:d92b84b3-6018-4386-b200-88ec0cbd17bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://balkangreenenergynews.com/worlds-first-interactive-global-database-of-chemical-recycling-projects-kicks-off/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.952015 | 545 | 2.5 | 2 |
Turner produced watercolour paintings of Lyme Regis on at least two occasions:
- "Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire: A Squall", circa 1812, now in the Glasgow Art Gallery (click here for image)
- "Lyme Regis", circa 1834, now in the Cincinnati Art Museum (click here for image)
There is also a small oil painting entitled "Shrimpers at Lyme Regis" on display in the drawing room of Nunnington Hall in North Yorkshire, which has recently been attributed to Turner.
For further information on Lyme's artistic heritage, see the Writers and Artists page of the Lyme Regis Museum website. | <urn:uuid:3413f435-74a3-4052-9501-3cc5b0d68db4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://lymeregismuseum.blogspot.com/2011/07/j-m-w-turner-and-lyme-regis.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00456-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934845 | 138 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Branding is always an interesting topic. In many ways, successful branding is a bit like catching lightning in a bottle as it is hard to know just how a consumer sees a particular company.. Paula Lawlor of the Beacon Initiative describes “…branding is what you are.” From your logo to how you are represented in your communications, branding is meant to illustrate who a company is in the world and what sort of person buys from said company.
Coca-Cola is an easy example
It is easy to identify the red and white and particular font used by Coca-Cola. Coke is meant to signify happiness and community. From the recent American ad to the bottles with names printed on them in 32 countries in Europe, Coca Cola has been clear about who they are and why they want the consumer to pick their carbonated beverage over another. They are speaking to lifestyle and values, not thirst.
But is branding really changing or is it more of the same?
A recent New Yorker post by James Surowiecki claims we’re in “The Twilight of the Brands.” He uses Lululemon as an example of how brands are fragile. After the debacle with the see-through yoga pants and the fabric pilling, Lululemon’s brand could no longer be associated with the “lifestyle” they branded. And adding to this public crisis is the access consumers have to information about brands and their products. Surowiecki explains that brand loyalty is largely a relic of a time when information was less accessible. A company can make a fabulous or disastrous product and have it discussed and dissected via social media. This coupled with segmentation and that a company’s reputation is based on the most recent product (not its history) could very well make branding even more ephemeral.
This seems to say that branding has to evolve into a “personality” more than a message
Branding does seem to be more about “who you are” rather than historical performance. Just because Sony made a great television in that past doesn’t mean consumers will trust that its current product is equally as good. Which brings us to Tom Asacker’s question, “Does branding matter?” In his post, Asacker writes, “A brilliant idea, even if placed directly in people’s paths, is simply not enough to engage them today.” This seems to agree with Surowiecki’s point that brand loyalty is waning, if not dead. It is not the idea that matters, it is the “impassioned dance.” Branding seems to becoming a mutual storytelling between company and consumers. Perception, context and priorities are more than a message. They embody the personality of the company. Whether an organization sells itself as green, innovative, sustainable or some other sexy concept depends on the consumer participating in creating the message. Brand evangelization, word of mouth and social media posts and shares describe companies as “someone” with whom to do business. If branding is really a mutual act between company and consumer, it may be that branding is evolving.
What do you think? Is branding going through another evolution or is it really more of the same? Join us Friday, February 21, 2014 at 5pm GMT/12pm ET/9am PT to look at this more closely on the Twitter chat, #KaizenBiz
How is branding really an expression of the consumer’s desired lifestyle?
What trends or changes do you see in how companies brand themselves?
How does access to information from other consumers add to a brand’s story?
How is branding more like a company’s personality than a message?
About the author: Elli St.George Godfrey, founder of Ability Success Growth, executive coach, trainer and international expansion consultant, is the host of KaizenBiz. I’m passionate about business becoming a more human-centered place so I host this chat to connect business ideas and develop people.This passion shows up in my work with my clients. Whether you are expanding locally or internationally, Ability Success Growth guides established small to mid-sized business owners and executives to unlock the CEO within during times of transition and growth. | <urn:uuid:642db924-46df-4fc1-8623-925a5c3f2835> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://kaizenbiz.com/tag/consumers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00347-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960864 | 881 | 2.015625 | 2 |
This lesson was created as a part of the SMART website and is hosted by the Illinois Institute of Technology
Time to play with dice (this is not for crap shooting). You will be given a number of dice. Your job is to roll the dice and, as they fall to the table, remove from the pile all dice that have the number 3 (or whatever number your instructor tells you to use) showing. Keep track of the roll number and the number of dice left after roll. Roll the dice down to less than 6 dice, put the dice back together, re-roll the dice and keep track again (do 10 trails). Total the number of dice left after each roll and then plot a graph of the total number left after each throw (N) vs. the throw number.
You should remember that this should be a smooth curve and does not need to go through every point, just close. This will give you a decay curve for dice. Determine the half-life of the dice by looking at your graph. How many throws (to the nearest quarter of throw) does it take for half of the dice to be gone? (i.e. If you started with 1000 dice (N0) how many throws would it take for 500 of them to leave?) How many throws does it take for three quarters of the dice to be gone? (i.e. if you started with 1000 dice how many throws would it take for 750 of them to leave?)
Attempt to obtain 5 half-lives. Take the first half-life divided by one, the second half-life divided by two, the third half-life divided by three, etc. and average these numbers. This number is the half-life (T) of the dice and, since 0.693 / T (Why?) is the decay constant (the probability of decay per "throw number"), you should be able to calculate the probability of decay for a particular die and compare this to the actual value.
Now for some more fun stuff. Find the ratio N/N0 for each of your trials (Note: N/N0 is the total number you started with and N is the number left after each throw. Also, the first trial is throw zero and N/N0 = 1 since N = N0.) Take out your handy dandy calculator and find the Natural Logarithm; log (we mean ln x -- and not log x -- which is near the ex key on your calculator) of this ratio for each of your trials. Plot this number (the natural log of N/N0) vs. the throw number on a sheet of graph paper.
Take a sheet of 2-cycle semi-log paper (the reason it is called semi-log paper is because it is made from a part of tree logs) and plot the ratio N/N0 (found in the last part) vs. the throw number. Now, by doing a careful analysis, take the slope of this line. Remember that y = m x+b (m is the slope) or, if you forgot, up-ness / across-ness; or rise / run; or dy/dx.
Wasn't that fun? I thought so. Here's the next part for fun and games, take 100 key board keys and repeat the exercise in the first paragraph. However there are three possibilities. ('break' up, 'break' down, and sideways) You will be assigned one possibility, roll 10 trails and plot data as before. Draw as many conclusions as you can from this data. Check with other groups to compare your data. Are the results nearly the same? If not why not?
With cubes as simulated molecules, you will attempt to verify some of the principles of radioactive decay. Starting with a given number of plastic cubes that have a hole through them, throw the cubes onto a suitable surface and remove every cube that shows a hole on the top. It may be necessary to carefully move some of the cubes so they are not stacked on top of each other. Replace each of these 'decayed molecules' with a plastic die. Do this again, replacing each 'hole' cube with a die but also removing each die that lands with a 6 on top. Your data table will probably have at least five columns:
Throw Number # Holes Removed # Holes Remaining # Dice Removed # Dice Remaining
Continue to throw and replace/remove them as fast as possible until less than 10 dice are left. Repeat this entire process several times. Plot two graphs on the same axis: total 'hole' cubes vs. throw and total dice vs. throw. (Note: total dice vs. throw number should start at zero, increase, reach some maximum and then go back down. WHY?) You should remember that these curves should be smooth curves. How does this experiment compare with one measuring normal radioactivity with Geiger counters and other electronic equipment? | <urn:uuid:8234877c-f6a6-4e07-bad0-c2a00dcaf7eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mypages.iit.edu/~smart/slicfre/lesson1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00423-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95431 | 1,008 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Invention & Distraction
If someone tells you there is nothing new, everything has already been invented, tell them rubbish. What they are saying is not true – as the thousands of new apps invented daily testify. Indeed, if we had not already been told that this is the age of something else I’d call it The Age of Invention. Never has it been possible for so many people to invent things – from the macro to the micro. One of my grandsons, Tim, is successfully inventing how to design massive load-moving equipment in a fraction of the time it normally takes. His biggest asset and skill? His father, Richard, my son. No apology for being mighty proud.
There are traps on the way to invention. Clear Purpose and Objective, Research, Focus, Diligence – you need all these even assuming you start with a first class brain. But examination of how things actually get invented has unearthed an insidious trap, Distraction. We all know how distracting the world around us is today. It is making a big inroad into inventions. It screws up the Invention Flow, an essential part of creative, innovative thinking.
Archimedes may have shouted EURIKA when he flooded the bathroom but what gave him the clue to what his accident meant? It’s not a secret – he was thinking about how to measure volume of an irregularly shaped object. The invention was already there because he was asking the right question. All he had to do was to keep his mind open to associate with his question events that happened. In other words he had to perceive relationships.
But being open to the answer because you have already embedded the question in your mind is only half the solution. Your life will be buzzing with distractions, home, work-related, appetites (and not just food), moods, guilt (if, like most people, you were brought up to feel guilty), laziness, excessive drive – we could go on forever. Distractions abound and they kill.
Why is distraction so deadly to your invention process?
Working on something new your brain plays several tricks with you. It releases dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin and adrenaline into an area of the brain known as the striatum. This creates a “Flow State” that is self-innovating and self-perpetuating, rather like the momentum a train has once it is up to speed. The effort to keep going is much less than was the effort to start. A train can be derailed by distractions – a metal bar on the line and it comes off the rails. Once in a Flow State humans don’t come off the rails that easily.
Your Flow State is the most precious tool you have when inventing something. Once you have it, leave all other matters aside and just keep going. If you hit a pebble, skirt round it and carry on. Writers will tell you they often leave bits of the piece they are writing blank with just a line of mmmmmmmmmm. They are keeping gong and will come back to that bit later. What matters is that they don’t stop. If they do, the effort to restart may overwhelm them.
Learning how to enter the Flow State is not difficult but it requires a discipline that involves help. It is not just a matter of discipline to avoid distraction. It is how your mind is organised – or “set” if you like. It requires a good coach to drill a mind into this mind-set. It usually doesn’t take long and, like riding a bicycle, once learned, it is never forgotten. We have coaches who are skilled in mind-set shaping.
Work flow is the key to successful inventing. Is your work flow as self-generating and distraction-free as it should be? If not, what are you going to do about it?
Something soon, I’m sure. | <urn:uuid:7ea2e846-9db3-48a4-8689-24894f5a4df7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.terrificmentors.com/invention-distraction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.976835 | 807 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Will Heat Damage my GPS?
With summer officially here in North America and the mercury rising, many GPS users have been asking how hot weather might impact there GPS devices. Particularly, if they leave their car out in the hot Arizona sun with the GPS on the dash, will it survive their day at the beach and still be able to guide them home? It is difficult to predict exactly where the breaking point will be, but your owner’s manual will typically provide some insight. Here are some excerpts.
You will typically find different acceptable temperature ranges for different usage types. For example you might find an operating temperature range, a short term storage range, and a long term storage range. Here are some examples of different devices and their stated acceptable temperature ranges. These are just examples, you should consult the manual of your own GPS for its temperature ranges.
Do not store your [GPS] where prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures can occur (such as in the trunk of a car), because it can cause permanent damage. …
- Short term storage: -4° – 140°F (-20°C – 60°C)
- Long Term Storage: 32° – 77°F (0°C – 25°C)
- Operating Temperature: -4°F – 131°F
Your GO is not designed for use in extreme temperatures and any such exposure may cause permanent damage. Do not expose your [GPS] to high or low temperatures, which can cause
permanent damage. For example, don’t leave it in the car on hot summer days or during cold winter nights.
- Temperatures: Standard operation: -10C (14F) to +55C (131F)
- short period storage: -20C (-4F) to + 60C (140F)
- long period storage: -20C (-4 F) to +25C (77F).
For safety reasons, and to prolong the lifetime of the battery, charging will not occur at low (below 0C/32F) or high (over 45C/113F) temperatures.
So the lesson to be learned is to keep your GPS out of the hot sun, away from frigid cold, and be careful where you store it. Too bad these devices were mad for the dash of a car. | <urn:uuid:a2f1b978-a3fc-4d4f-8934-a15c87763519> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.gpsreview.net/heat-damage-gps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00251-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908956 | 477 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Steps One, Two, and Three in the Bible
For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast. Ephesians 2:8-9
Because of the purposefully vague language which Alcoholics Anonymous uses – referring to God as a higher power – many people don’t realize that the 12 steps are principles that were originally taken straight from the Bible. Steps one, two and three are as follows:
- We admitted we were powerless over alcohol—that our lives had become unmanageable.
- We came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.
- We made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him.
Whether you like the vague language or not, these are clearly Christian concepts which were taught by the apostle Paul in today’s passage. In it, he said that we’re lost on our own and we cannot save ourselves. We must realize we’re wholly dependent on God and that our only hope is to live by faith in him. It is only in faith that we receive God’s grace, salvation, and transformation. That really, is the same message as steps one, two, and three.
Seen in this light, the concepts presented in steps one through three aren’t just for those struggling with drugs or alcohol. Paul’s message is for all of us. None of us can save ourselves and we all need God. We all must live by faith, relying on him instead of our own power. We cannot do this life on our own and if we try, we will eventually fail.
I do think that the addictive struggle with chemicals though, provides some practical insight into what that life of faith looks like. In my own addiction, I once understood faith to mean that I simply believed in God and asked him to take my problem away. When he didn’t and my life was torn apart by my addiction, I finally began to understand what faith really meant.
Faith isn’t simply believing a thing to be true, and faith isn’t just positive thinking. Faith is believing in a thing and then living and acting according to that belief. For me, that meant changing my entire life to align with that which I claimed to be true. In doing so, I didn’t save myself. God saved me. I just tried to follow him every day.
We cannot do this life on our own. We all need God. We must live by faith in him. That is the message for those struggling with chemicals – and for all of us. | <urn:uuid:78036d65-23d8-4554-8981-fefee74afeda> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://faithinthestruggle.com/2021/12/05/steps-one-two-and-three-in-the-bible/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.977566 | 566 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Pepper is one of those spices that everyone loves to add to their food.
The problem is, it only lasts for a short period of time.
How much longer can you expect to enjoy its flavor?
Pepper is a spice that comes from hot peppers.
It has a strong taste and aroma that makes it great for adding flavor to dishes.
Peppers come in two varieties: sweet and hot.
Sweet peppers include bell peppers, cherry peppers, and jalapeño peppers.
Hot peppers include habaneros, serranos, and cayennes.
They all have varying levels of heat, depending on the variety
How long does pepper last?
Pepper lasts longer if you store it properly. Here are 3 ways to know how long it will last: 1. Store it in a cool dry place away from direct sunlight. 2. Keep it in a sealed glass jar. 3. Use a desiccant packet to absorb moisture.
How to store pepper?
Store peppers in a cool, dark, dry place. This includes pantry shelves, cupboards, and drawers. It’s important to keep peppers away from light, heat, and humidity. Peppers lose flavor quickly when exposed to these conditions.
How to tell If pepper is bad?
Pepper is usually stored in plastic bags or containers. If you see mold growing on the surface of the pepper, throw it away immediately. If you notice any other signs of spoilage, such as discoloration or soft spots, discard it.
How to preserve peppers?
To store peppers, wash them thoroughly and remove the stem and seeds. Place the peppers in a paper bag and place in the refrigerator. Store in the crisper drawer for up to two weeks. To freeze peppers, cut into strips and place in freezer bags. Freeze for up to three months. To dehydrate peppers, preheat oven to 200 degrees Fahrenheit. Cut peppers into strips and spread evenly on cookie sheet. Bake until dry, about 12 hours. Remove from oven and let cool completely. Transfer dried peppers to airtight jars. Dehydrated peppers can be stored in the pantry for up to six months.
Brine is used to preserve meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, fruits, and other foods. It is done by soaking the food in a solution containing salt and sugar. This process helps to draw moisture out of the food and preserves it. Foods that are brined include ham, bacon, sausage, corned beef, turkey, lamb, pork chops, brisket, ribs, and whole turkeys.
Brining is used to extract oil from meats, poultry, and seafood. It is done by submerging the food in a solution of salt and sugar. This draws moisture out of the food, making it tender and flavorful. Foods that are brine-cured include ham, bacon, sausages, corned beef, smoked salmon, pickles, olives, and anchovies.
Drying is the process of removing moisture from food using air instead of liquid. Food dehydrators are designed to dry food quickly and efficiently. Dehydrated foods include jerky, crackers, chips, bread sticks, cookies, and granola bars. Freezing Answer: Freezing is the process of cooling food down below 0 degrees Celsius 32 degrees Fahrenheit to stop biological activity. Frozen foods include ice cream, popsicles, yogurt, and meatballs.
Preserve in oil
Oils are used to preserve foods. Oils are used to preserve fruits and vegetables, meats, fish, poultry, and seafood.
Types of peppers
Peppers are a type of fruit. It is a member of the nightshade family. Peppers are native to Central America and Mexico. There are many types of peppers. These include bell pepper, chile pepper, cayenne pepper, chili pepper, jalapeno pepper, paprika, pimento, red pepper, serrano pepper, Tabasco pepper, Thai pepper, and yellow pepper. Pepper varieties
Green peppers are usually used raw in salads, sandwiches, soups, and other dishes. They are available year round but peak season is from May to July. Red Answer: Red peppers are usually cooked and served as part of a dish. They are available year around but peak season is from June to August. Yellow Answer: Yellow peppers are usually eaten raw in salads, sandwiches and soups. They are available year-round but peak season is from April to June.
Black pepper is a spice that comes from the berries of the black peppercorn plant. It is widely used in cooking and seasoning. White Answer: White pepper is a spice that is derived from white peppercorns. It is widely used as a seasoning in many cuisines.
Red pepper is a spice that originates from red peppers. It is widely used for flavoring dishes such as soups, stews, sauces, salads, and other dishes. Green Answer: Green pepper is a spice that originated from green bell peppers. It is widely known for its flavor and aroma. Yellow Answer: Yellow pepper is a spice that was originally extracted from yellow peppers. It is widely consumed in Asian cuisine.
White pepper is a spice that comes from white peppercorns. It is widely used in many cuisines around the world. Black Answer: Black pepper is a spice that is derived from black peppercorns. It has a strong flavor and aroma.
How can you tell if black pepper is bad?
Black pepper is very perishable. It loses its flavor after about 6 months. To extend the shelf life of black pepper, store it in a cool dry place away from light.
Can I use expired black pepper?
Peppers are usually used as a spice, but they can also be used as vegetables. Peppers are very versatile and can be eaten raw, cooked, or pickled. However, not all peppers are good for you. For instance, bell peppers are generally safe, while jalapenos are known to cause heartburn and stomach pain. It is important to know how to identify different types of peppers because each type has its own health benefits.
How can you tell if peppers are bad?
Yes, you can use expired black pepper. But if you buy black peppercorns from a store, they should not be expired. Black peppercorns are usually sold in plastic bags and they should be stored in a cool dry place.
How long does black pepper stay good?
Black pepper is generally safe to consume but it can sometimes cause stomach upset. It is important to know how to identify bad black pepper. Black pepper comes from the berries of the Piper nigrum plant. The berries are dried and ground into powder form. The seeds are removed during processing. The color of the pepper is dark greenish-black. The taste of the pepper is hot and peppery. The aroma of the pepper is spicy and pungent. | <urn:uuid:9316e8f0-2ff7-4c4f-8728-0722d8f30ed7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bronniebakes.com/how-long-does-pepper-last-3-ways-to-tell/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.956264 | 1,445 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Lesson 1 (from Prologue, The Godfathers | Part 1, Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4)
Prologue, The Godfathers | Part 1, Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4
The students will be able to identify essential and nonessential information.
• Have the students write a paragraph describing which information in the chapters is essential and which is nonessential. They should provide details to support their answers.
• Have the students work together in pairs. Discuss why the prologue and first few chapters would include such violence (i.e., Wolf killing the other don in prison, the couple kidnapping the mother, etc.) Through class discussion, have them support their decisions.
• Provide the students with the events of the chapter. Have the students rank order these events in order from most essential (1) to least essential. Hold a class discussion to support the order in which the students place the events.
Have the students describe in writing, what makes an event in a story essential.
Have the students describe...
This section contains 4,483 words
(approx. 15 pages at 300 words per page) | <urn:uuid:744a86ff-e7f2-40be-bfaa-b7c27981015c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bookrags.com/lessonplan/big-bad-wolf/lessons.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00480-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920969 | 236 | 3.953125 | 4 |
How can you create a yard that incorporates drought-tolerant plants, your veggie garden and a space for you and your guests, too? I think you can have your cake and eat it too. Creating eco-friendly landscape and interior designs has taught me that you can have a beautiful, functional space that both looks great, gets use, and fits your eco-friendly standards. In this case, you can create a yard that you want to sit outside in, grow a garden in, and looks great too.
Let’s Start with Plants. Go Native.
Do away with the water-thirsty, non-native lawn and introduce natives in place of it. Incorporating drought-tolerant or native species boasts a ton of benefits. Natives bring birds, butterflies and ever-important bees that help pollinate your plants and make it feel like a sanctuary.
Creating a zone of beautiful natives in front of or surrounding your edible garden will tie your plant beds or garden area into the yard, as a whole and bring a new level of beauty to your space. If your edible garden is planted straight into the ground, creating a border zone or adjacent area of non-edibles will also help reduce wind and water erosion to the important topsoil, and provide extra nutrients to the area as leaves and matter fall into the soil and decompose.
Add Eco-friendly Seating to Enjoy Your New Space:
When your incorporating a space for seating and hosting, the eco-trend is easy to continue if you know what to look for. Consider getting outdoor furniture made from reclaimed wood.
Alternatively, there are many options online for sourcing pre-loved furniture in your style. Buying pre-loved reduces energy, water and raw materials it takes to make new furniture and ship it to you.
Lastly, look for products marketed as made from eco-friendly materials. Those throw pillows could have recycled filling inserts, or your outdoor table centerpiece could be made from recycled glass.
Start with an Eco Multi-Use Yard Game Plan:
When you’re ready to create your eco-friendly yard of your dreams, check out our example eco-friendly, multi-use yard and put this plan into action:
- First, look at the space as a whole; Think about which spots get the most light, rain, and have the best views. Jot those down, with directional indicators for north, south east and west. Make a rough sketch and include basic measurements.
- From there decide what your priorities are – do you want 10, 20, or 50 percent to be edible plants from your garden? How often do you wish you could entertain outside and does your space offer that to you now? How important is it to you to attract native wildlife and pollinators like birds, bees and butterflies to your new native plantlife? Indicate the zones you want to have: garden, plant life and landscape materials, and your functional space or seating area. Jot these down on your sketch with a basic idea of where to put them or introduce them to your existing space.
Don’t Forget the Seating…
- Incorporate your seating area by start with the ground. If you don’t have an obvious spot for outdoor furniture, ditch your water-wasting grass and create a gravel or river rock base layer in your designated space to set your chairs and table in, with plants or edging to keep the stones in place at the border.
- If you already have a concrete pad, dress it with an outdoor rug. My favorites are area rugs made from recycled water bottles. They are easy to clean and eco-friendly. Having a rug or gravel area for your seating will created a grounded and inviting look that sets the tone for the area and space.
- Address the seating. Get matching seat cushions that easily come off to throw in the wash. Nothing looks less inviting than a hodge-podge of mismatched dirty seats.
Consider the Elements…
- Consider the elements. You might need a table umbrella or shade sail to enjoy the outdoor area before getting crispy.
- Consider using paver or stepping stones or another distinct walkway to connect your seating area to your edible garden. This will tie the two spaces together and add texture and style to the space.
Oh and the plants. Consider going vertical too.
- Once these steps are planned out you can see what space is left for incorporating beautiful native plant life and landscape features like large stones or tree stumps. Start with a few species native to your area and ask your nursery staff for help considering the conditions of your yard. Start with just a few species, and ones that are more mature and easy to get established. For a more wild and natural look, plant in groupings, with odd numbers instead of rows.
- Go vertical and use your wall and fence space. Even if you have a small yard, or a concrete ground, you can incorporate style and beautiful native plants to the space by using your vertical space up walls and fencing. Don’t neglect those exterior walls! Pressure wash them so they look clean and fresh and then add stylish wall-mounted planters. Depending on the light availability, try getting plants with leaves or tendrils that hang over the edge for a lush feeling.
Use this spring as a jumping off point to get rid of any unused items that made their way outside as “storage” Don’t forget to donate and recycle what you can.
And Don’t Forget…
Enjoy. The more time you spend in your multi-use yard space the more creative you will become.
I am the owner and lead designer at E. Leigh Designs, a LA-based business. My passion is combining my expertise for interior design and environmental sustainability into a unique business of eco-friendly interior and exterior design.
I have been running my registered business from my homebase for 4 years, however, I work remotely with folks from all over the county. I offer 3 online, remote packages for clients with all different size needs. As a designer specializing in eco-friendly materials, and a business owner serving the 99%, my process starts with my client’s design and budget; then I look for opportunities to incorporate eco-friendly products and materials into the space, without compromising on style or quality.
My goal is to show that conscious consumerism is a beautiful thing. When I am not designing, I am lecturing environmental science or hanging with my husband Reed, and dog Hank. | <urn:uuid:d0cbd906-03e4-47d7-98f6-8b507caf2e1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.green-talk.com/eco-multi-use-yard-living/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.942819 | 1,348 | 2.15625 | 2 |
The thought of overpaying for your vehicle’s maintenance and repairs causes most people unwanted stress. Becoming a smart and informed vehicle owner will help you communicate effectively with your auto technician. Since occasional repairs and maintenance are inevitable, here are some important questions to ask your auto technician:
Ask If Your Auto Technician Makes Commission
Have you ever brought your vehicle to an auto shop for a small repair and end up walking away with $500 in additional maintenance or repair items? We know the auto industry often gets a bad reputation. Choosing a service shop where the service advisors don’t get paid by commission will help you feel less suspicious of the recommendations.
At Jiffy Lube of Indiana, we are in the car care business because we care about your vehicle. When our team members suggest additional parts, repairs, or upgrades it’s because we genuinely care about the upkeep of your vehicle. Backed by the Jiffy Lube Pledge, our technicians are ready to service your vehicle with the same attention, care, and quality they would give to their own vehicles.
Ask Your Technician To Show You Proof
If you aren’t feeling confident in a recommendation, you can always request to see broken or worn out parts before they are replaced or once they have been removed. This will allow you the opportunity to ask how and why something broke or why it needs to be replaced and how you can prevent it in the future.
Ask If Your Auto Technician is ASE Certified
The National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence, or ASE for short, sets industry standards with their auto technician certification programs. For each exam that is passed, an ASE Certification is awarded if the technician has at least two years of related experience. Ask your service professional to show you their credentials.
Jiffy Lube of Indiana’s award-winning Growing People Through Work training program includes ASE endorsed training so you can be confident that our technicians are certified. Jiffy Lube of Indiana also helps their Jiffy Lube Multicare technicians to become ASE certified.
Know Your Basics
Knowing the basic components of what makes your vehicle run like a well-oiled machine will help you feel more confident when talking to your technician and asking the right questions. If something isn’t working properly in your vehicle you’ll want to provide as much information as possible. If reading your owner’s manual is making you want to hit the snooze button, try reading a blog for some quick and helpful tips. Here are the links to some of our more popular auto tips: | <urn:uuid:e77fe615-e4f9-44bb-a873-60433e91cc8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jiffylubeindiana.com/maintenance-tips/important-questions-to-ask-your-auto-technician | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.946686 | 532 | 1.695313 | 2 |
UK - Isotope testing of pork and pork products for their origin is being stepped up by AHDB Pork from once a quarter to monthly.
The testing uses SIRA (Stable Isotope Reference Analysis), an innovative isotope technology which compares retail and processed pork and pork products against a library of pork samples from known locations built up over a number of years.
Analysing the ratios of the four main stable isotopes contained in pork means the probability of the sample coming from the UK can be determined.
AHDB Pork strategy director Mick Sloyan said: “The focus to date has been on fresh pork in supermarkets. Last year, we extended it to bacon and pork used as a raw material in sausages and ham.
“In the coming months, we will be focusing on high street butchers, a segment of the market we haven’t concentrated on in the past.”
The SIRA testing is used to enhance traceability and assurance and has been in use for the last two years, though the development work goes back half a dozen years.
Mr Sloyan said: “We know consumers take a great interest in the origin of their pork and it is now a legal requirement to make sure packs of fresh pork are clearly labelled with the country of origin.”
The SIRA technique is based on the concept that the ratio of four stable isotopes found in protein and water will differ depending on where the pig was born and reared. Reference samples of pork, bacon and ham of known origin were used to assemble a database against which samples of unknown origin can be checked.
|ThePigSite News Desk||Read more BPEX News here| | <urn:uuid:32ec9574-47be-4784-b76b-07d83c4360bb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thepigsite.com/swinenews/41333/pork-origin-testing-stepped-up-in-uk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00351-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960713 | 352 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Java provides several methods to check file and directory permissions. In last couple of articles we have seen how to create File in java and how to read text file in Java and in this article we will learn how to check whether file is read only , whether file has write permission or not etc. In Java we know we have file object to deal with Files if we have created any file in our application using the file object , we have the privilege to check the access permission of that file using simple method of File class in Java. Let see what the methods are and how to use that method
How to check File Permission in Java with Example
How to find if File is ReadOnly in Java
boolean canRead() : this method is used to check that our application can have access to read the file or not. Here is an example of checking a file is read only in Java. If canRead() return true means file is read only in Java other wise file is protected and we can’t read it from Java or other Unix command.
Code Example of Checking Read Permission in Java
How to check if File or Directory has Write Permission in Java
boolean canWrite() : this method is used to check that our application can have access to write on the file or not. Below example is for checking whether a File has write permission in java or not. If canWrite() returns true means file is writable in Java otherwise write permission is not for current user in operating system or from Java.
Code Example of checking Write permission on File in Java
How to see if File or Directory has execute permission in Java
boolean canExecute(): This method of File Class is used to check that our application can have access to execute the file or not. This example shows how to find execute permission of File in Java. If canExecute() return true means current user has execute permission on file in java.
Code Example of Checking Execute permission in Java
Note: All this method can throw SecurityException if security manager exist and it denies to access of that file for that operation which we are performing on that
Some other Tutorial you may like | <urn:uuid:257b8815-268e-4b79-b889-eff066ec3b13> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://javarevisited.blogspot.com/2012/01/how-to-file-permission-in-java-with.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00328-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919013 | 439 | 3.53125 | 4 |
When Cliff and Karen Tyllick established out to set up solar panels on their Austin, Texas, household in 2012, their goal was to lessen their carbon footprint. The reality that they also saved hundreds of dollars upfront and decreased their charges was a good reward.
Photo voltaic panel installation can price $15,000 to $25,000 or additional. For the Tyllicks, federal and community incentives noticeably lower their fees — they now routinely never shell out for electric power, and when they do, it expenses amongst $30 and $50 for every month.
No matter if you are incorporating sustainability into your kitchen transform or generating specific alterations to lessen your utility expenditures, a inexperienced remodel will not have to be expensive. It can even help you save you dollars in the long term.
Below are ideas for a budget-mindful, eco-helpful transform.
‘Building green’ into your designs
Householders who prepare to use a contractor for their transform can come across a licensed eco-friendly experienced to aid estimate the price tag of the project and concentrate spending on designs and resources that make the biggest effect on your home’s sustainability, claims Tim Ellis, a CGP and co-operator of Maryland-primarily based T.W. Ellis.
Look for the National Affiliation of Property Builders’ databases for community builders with the CGP designation.
Ellis states he often begins large renovations with a dwelling vitality audit to highlight means the household could be much more strength-economical. In some towns, the regional utility will do a minimal-charge or no cost audit, he states, and you may qualify for funding or rebates to put into practice the tips.
Suggestions might contain including further caulking or greater insulation to seal up your residence, Ellis suggests, which can lead to massive discounts.
If your vitality monthly bill is $600 and an audit demonstrates that you can save $200 for each month, “you would be all about that for the reason that which is pretty much a vehicle payment,” Ellis states.
Tyllick states his residence necessary an audit in buy for the metropolis to subsidize element of his solar panel installation. At the time, the audit was absolutely free for the few and activated updates like correcting air leaks all around doorways and windows and incorporating far more insulation in the attic, he says.
Shopping for and disposing sustainably
Procuring secondhand for household furniture and building supplies is an eco-friendly alternate to purchasing new, says Chloe Chapman, who manages distinctive assignments for Develop It Environmentally friendly, a nonprofit that aids property owners navigate sustainable transforming.
Very well-designed vintage items, for instance, that use salvaged or reclaimed wood will not need to be changed as often as lessen-excellent materials, she says.
“Typically, if something was created a extended time back, it was produced to final a lot more so than a lot of goods that are produced nowadays,” Chapman suggests.
Even obtaining new items domestically and shortening the offer chain can be a extra sustainable option than buying from a large-box retailer.
Labels can be a practical guide as you make purchases for your transform, Chapman suggests. On wood supplies, for example, glimpse for a Forest Stewardship Council label indicating sustainable sourcing. A WaterSense label implies that a fixture or equipment is 20% more economical than its common counterparts.
Successful appliances and fixtures frequently price the similar as all those with out specific labeling, states Ellis.
“It’s just a make any difference of getting the time to obtain that in the rate that you want to invest for that distinct product or service, be it the faucet, be it the countertop, be it the flooring,” he states.
Rather than trashing the aged objects, he recommends recycling or donating. Businesses like Habitat for Humanity can select up old home furnishings and developing elements for free in some places, although dumpster rental or junk removing can price hundreds of pounds.
Placing dollars down upfront
Even with incentives from the govt and your utility organization, property renovations are nevertheless high priced.
Using your savings is the most inexpensive way to spend for a remodel, but financing solutions are accessible if you will need them.
For householders with adequate out there equity, house fairness loans or strains of credit score have the cheapest costs and prolonged compensation conditions.
If you really do not want to use the home as collateral for the job, personalized financial loans can have small costs for debtors with strong credit history, and they are usually funded in considerably less than a week.
Assess your possibilities and discover what each individual loan provider has to present to locate the most affordable costs and finest capabilities.
This article was written by NerdWallet and was originally released by The Associated Press. | <urn:uuid:83b69af5-c939-49bc-90c2-8b96faad15e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mariandumitru.com/how-to-program-an-eco-friendly-rework-devoid-of-overspending.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.95398 | 1,000 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Johan van Loon is without a doubt one of the most creative and important ceramic artists from the Netherlands. He is original in his approach to the material and his designs reflect his creative mind. His use of colors and the use of layers in his ceramic designs .
He bends, shapes and builds his creations in a very personal and original way, making these objects stand out from all their peers. Johan van Loon is an important ceramic artist and this is emphasized by the many exhibitions he has had in his career. One of the highlights was the 1991 Stedelijk Museum exhibition ( catalogue available at http://www.ftn-books.com) together with van der Vaart and Stockmans, but since many other s have followed. ao others the ones with the gallery Loes & Reinier ( https://loes-reinier.com/kunstenaar/johan-van-loon/). | <urn:uuid:f3157d01-2b27-4125-b7da-81af9e5d5998> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ftn-blog.com/2019/10/03/johan-van-loon-1934/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.979311 | 190 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Helping others is key to your complete success
Essentially the metabolism is a network of enzymes, hormones and food that takes in what you eat and converts it into energy in some form or another. The metabolism is really the mastermind behind what you'll be burning as energy later on and it could work for you (burn fat) or it could work against you (store fat). Some people are genetically born with fast metabolisms and they're usually the people that most of us envy because they can eat pretty much anything they want and still stay lean. But there are other factors that affect your metabolism such as your age and your sex.
Those who first embark on an exercise program will find that their metabolism will easily increase as it adjusts to the new energy expenditure. Over time though if you don't change your eating habits or workout routine your metabolism will slowly start to plateau out and you won't be getting the same results as before. But just by building more muscle on your body you'll be able to increase your metabolism because muscle will burn fat. To build more lean muscle you're going to have to lift heavier weights in the gym about 2-3x's per week and addition to the cardiovascular exercise that you're already doing.
But probably the best way to speed metabolism is going to be to eat 5-6 smaller meals a day because you're body will constantly be digesting and absorbing food. This will not only help keep your blood sugar levels stable but it'll also keep hormones in check that will help burn fat. Many people who try to lose unfortunately try starving themselves and this will completely shut off the metabolism because it'll believe the body is starving. Also make sure that you're eating enough healthy foods and not any junk. This means staying away from processed foods, sugar, dairy, grains, white flour and instead focus on eating lean proteins, green vegetables and essential fats.
Just because you weren't born with the genetics of a supermodel doesn't mean that you can't have a lean body too. The best way to speed metabolism would be to follow the above steps and consistently implement them into your daily lifestyle. Even by eating a high protein breakfast within 30 minutes of waking has been proven to increase your metabolism and burn fat. Best of luck and here's to a healthy and speedy metabolism. | <urn:uuid:2e97123e-4b35-407a-a9ff-08c9ed399927> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://mcspartners.ning.com/forum/topics/5-healthy-living-tips-for-your-diet-routine | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.977851 | 469 | 2.40625 | 2 |
How many people will vote in the November 2006 election at the polls?
Answer: About 90,000, which is about 70% of the number who did so in 2004.
Why do I think so?
Turnout is always higher in Presidential election years. In 2004, 128,930 people voted at the polls on election day in Denver. In 2000, it was 111,907 people. This year, it will be less than that, because it is not a Presidential election year.
In 2002, the last state general election, about 89,462 people voted at the polls on election day. In 1998, it was 124,348, but that was at a time when far fewer people engaged in early or abssentee voting. If anything 90,000 is a high estimate.
How many Denver voters voted early or absentee in recent past elections?
In 2004 there were 66,190 absentee votes and 37,606 early votes cast.
In 2002 there were 53,533 absentee votes and 8,314 early votes cast.
In 2000 there were 66,314 absentee votes and 20,244 early votes cast.
In 1998 there were 23,243 absentee votes and 16,404 early votes cast.
How many Denver voters will vote absentee in the November 2006 elections?
At least 54,000 absentee ballots have already been requested. This is in line with figures from the 2002 election, and far more than in the 1998 election.
How many precincts were there in 2004 in Denver?
Answer: There were 420 precincts at about 283 locations.
How many vote centers are there in 2006 in Denver?
How many voting machines were there in 2004?
Answer: Denver had 1,100 voting machines before its recent purchase of 240 new ones from Sequoia.
How many voting machines will be used in 2006?
Answer: The Denver Election Commission has stated that it intends to deploy all of its voting machines on election day, November 7, due to the long ballot. This would presumably include both 1,100 old machines and 240 new machines for a total of 1,340 machines.
Will there be fewer voting machines in 2006 than there were in 2004?
Will there be fewer voters in 2006 at the polls on election day than there were in 2004?
How many votes were cast per voting machine in 2004?
How many votes per machine will have to be cast in 2006?
Answer: 67, about 57% of the number of voters per machine as in 2004.
How many ballot issues were there on the ballot in 2004?
Answer: 9, about 56% of the number of ballot issues in 2006.
How many ballot issues are there on the ballot in Denver in 2006?
Denver's Ballot Is Relatively Short
Denver voters have a shorter ballot than almost any other place in the state.
While every voter in the state votes in five statewide candidate races and a Congressional race (in Denver it is between the Democrat Diana DeGette and a Green Party candidate) and on 14 ballot issues, in Denver some voters will face only two more ballot issues and no other contested candidate races, while no one will face more than two other contested candidate races.
Unlike other Colorado counties, Denver holds its local elections in May. So, Denver voters don't have to agonize over races for county commissioner, county treasurer, county assessor, clerk and recorder, coroner, county surveyor or the like, as most Colorado voters do.
None of Denver's RTD districts have contested races.
Denver has no contested races for state school board or for its CU Regents district representative this year (although there is a statewide at large race for CU Regent at issue this year).
Only three of Denver's nine state house races are contested. While Denver voters are in several state senate districts, only one has a contested race this year.
Unlike many area voters, Denver voters don't face any school district tax or bond issues.
There are twenty-one judicial retention election questions on the ballot this year in Denver, but almost no one who hasn't made up their minds in advance, considers those decisions at length in the ballot box. Most people vote either yes for all, or no for all.
The only race in Denver where a write in candidate has declared is the Governor's race, where few people are likely to choose a write in candidate. So write in votes are unlikely to slow down voting.
There is nothing wrong with voting early or absentee. We also know that the Postal Service will deliver your ballot even if it doesn't have enough postage.
But, the much heralded crisis Denver is expected to experience in 2006 isn't going to happen. Everyone went nuts for Y2K and nothing bad happened then either. It is natural to be suspicious of new technologies, and the kinks aren't all worked out perfectly. But, there is no reason to suspect massive lines on election day that will deprive people of their right to vote.
If the system needs to handle 67 votes in a day, and 90% of the votes are cast in the high traffic first and last two hours of the election, the machines need to process only one voter every 4 minutes. While state law allows for up to 10 minutes per voter, historical precedent is that people don't actually take anything close to that long to vote. Most voters make up their minds before they get into the ballot booth, either before they come to the polls or while waiting in line. Actually pushing the buttons doesn't take long at all. | <urn:uuid:ff23acd3-81d0-4aa7-91f7-38eb7bec1317> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://washparkprophet.blogspot.com/2006/10/there-isnt-voting-crisis-in-denver.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00190-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974899 | 1,129 | 2.09375 | 2 |
By Christine Schweizer, DVM; Christina Cable, DVM; E.L. Squires, PhD. Every horse breeder's goal is for his or her mare to give birth to a healthy and thriving foal. But to achieve that happy result, much care and attention must go toward proper management of the mare and stallion, and, once it has arrived, the foal. This book will help horse breeders, especially those new to breeding horses, sift through the details and focus on what's most important to the health and well-being of their animals.
Written by equine veterinarians who are tops in their areas of expertise, this comprehensive guide covers topics ranging from a mare's reproductive cycle to problem pregnancies to the latest trends in good stallion management to common foal problems and diseases.
eBook; 400 pages.
Download link will be sent once order is placed and payment received. | <urn:uuid:b05d740d-9b8e-4751-b08c-27774f91e91e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://shop.thehorse.com/products/breeders-guide-to-mare-foal-and-stallion-care-ebook | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94131 | 190 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Today’s Essential Reads
If you’ve read our “What’s In My Frack Fluid” article, posted by David last week, you were probably disturbed to find out how much of the ingredients used in a typical hydraulic fracturing operation are unknown.
A hydraulic fracturing drill rig near Tunkhannock, Pa. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo might turn over authority to approve fracking to local communities his state’s Southern Tier region.
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo is considering a plan that would allow natural-gas drilling by hydraulic fracturing in five counties near the Pennsylvania border, an administration official said.
Elizabeth Outz, State Director for Environment NC, was one of the representatives from environmental groups waiting to see if the bill would hit the floor Wednesday afternoon.
BP OIL SPILL:
Filmmakers Josh and Rebecca Tickell triumphantly returned home Sunday night from Torino after the Cinemambiente International Documentary Film Competition jury awarded them the Feature Film Best Documentary Award and 5000 euros for their movie The Big Fix that exposes unprecedented human and environmental rights violations involved in the ongoing catastrophe caused by BP’s negligence in the Gulf of Mexico operation.
Louisiana’s official coastal zone, first created in 1972 to map the areas impacted most by the Gulf of Mexico, underwent a major change over the weekend and now includes all of Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes.
When an explosion on the BP-operated drilling rig Deepwater Horizon caused what would be the worst oil spill in U.S. history, Glenda Perryman’s friends and neighbors answered the call for clean-up workers.
New Orleans business and community leaders are pressing the publisher of their city’s only daily newspaper to reverse its decision to reduce print publication to three days a week.
In Kansai Electric Power Co.’s final report on two soon-to-be-restarted reactors at its Oi nuclear plant in western Japan, the utility assured the government and the public that the pair could withstand a disaster like the one that crippled Fukushima Daiichi last year. Specifically, Oi’s No. 3 and 4 reactors could survive a tsunami of up to 11.4 meters, Kansai Electric said. | <urn:uuid:0c31342a-8e61-4414-878f-c07c42f923f0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.stuarthsmith.com/news-round-up-june-14-2012/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00023-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936172 | 470 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Talk on Drones and Whales
The Oregon chapter of the American Cetacean Society hosts a webinar on how drones are being used to study whales on Saturday, March 12, at 10 a.m. The event is free and open to all.
The presenter is Clara Bird, a Ph.D student at Oregon State University and a 2021 ACS Oregon chapter grant recipient. She conducted research using drones for Adelie penguin population surveys and to study the body condition of humpback and minke whales in the Antarctic using photogrammetry for her undergraduate degree at Duke University.
Drone-taken footage reveals patterns of gray whale behavior and body condition across space, time and the individual animal. Drone footage provides a new perspective that provides the opportunity to study individualization and how patterns of behavior differ seasonally, across habitat types and between whales of different body condition and sex.
You must register for this free program to receive the Zoom link and password. Note the link and password will be sent the evening of March 11 after registration has closed.
To register, go here. | <urn:uuid:45a7a544-959f-4fcb-a4ba-4ab09c72f9d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://development.oregonshores.org/events/talk-drones-and-whales | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.915612 | 221 | 2.484375 | 2 |
With the popularity of reality television shows today, there has been an increase in demand for corporate team building programmes that provide a similar experience.
People are captivated by the challenges and activities that contestants go through in these TV shows, and when they face such an experience, it can bring a lot of fun and opportunity for them.
Survivor is one such reality TV show which has now become one of our most popular team building programmes.
Typically, when groups want to do some team building, they want to do something that is fun, engaging and exciting for all participants.
Survivor ticks all of those boxes and more because it is such a great programme to create unity in teams.
So you may have seen Survivor on TV but how does it work as a team building programme?
It isn’t an exact replica of the TV show, however there are many familiar elements such as working in tribes, collecting immunity idols and focusing on team work.
As the whole group arrives at the location, they are welcomed by the sound of the Survivor theme music. There is usually laughter and smiles as participants just know it’s going to be a fun few hours ahead.
All participants are formed into tribes and provided with bandanas and a torch to represent their team.
Then they immediately get to work creating a tribal name and chant to get their creative juices flowing.
The rest of the Survivor programme is adapted to suit the objectives of the group doing it.
I love Survivor because of its flexibility to feature a variety of creative team building activities to suit any objective. It could be to improve communication, discover leadership qualities or foster trust between people.
There can be a mix of problem solving activities as well as physical challenges which we work out with the group organiser in advance of the day.
It’s important to know that there are no special skills required so everyone is on an even playing field in the programme.
We find that this maximises participation and encourages team work in all of the activities.
Once each tribe completes an activity, they earn an immunity idol which will become important for Tribal Council later.
Having the most idols will not ensure victory but it will increase the chance for that tribe to be crowned the Survivor champion.
At Tribal Council in an area set up with props, torches and a camp fire, each tribe answers a series of general knowledge questions on a chalk board.
If a tribe gets an answer right, they progress to the next round. If a tribe gets an answer wrong, they are eliminated.
However, tribes can use their immunity idols to automatically go through to the next round if they do not know an answer.
Ultimately there will be one sole surviving tribe who will be crowned the Survivor champions of that organisation!
Yes, they may have an understanding of some strengths from their workplace but putting them in a new environment with different pressures will unearth other strengths.
Staff also get a new-found appreciation of teamwork – relying on each other and contributing to the team. Most of the activities can’t be completed alone so people need the help of their team mates to get you through.
Survivor is one of the best outdoor team building activities which can be facilitated in parks, reserves, sporting grounds and on the beach. However, it can be delivered indoors in a suitable venue for the activities.
It usually requires three hours for maximum participation and benefit, however we have delivered them from anywhere between one to four hours.
Here is what some group organisers have said to us after undertaking Survivor…
“Our not-for-profit organisation had a great day completing Survivor at the beach for our annual team building day as it had an array of activities for all levels.” – Debbi Edwards, Adelaide PHN.
“I organised a Survivor for our students at our annual VCE camp. The objective of getting kids to work collaboratively in teams was fully realised. It was an excellent programme which had the kids fully engaged and having lots of fun.” – Natalie Farmer, St Andrews Christian College.
“Survivor has the perfect mix of activities for all ability levels.” – Kate Peters, RACV.
Michael Cromie, General Manager, Corporate Challenge Events | <urn:uuid:76566926-3faf-4913-92e2-32fda8a32dc1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.corpchallenge.co.nz/survivor-creates-unity-team-building-days/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.964779 | 871 | 1.609375 | 2 |
School food fight
The battle over healthier school meals is not unique to the United States.
There is an interesting battle going on between high school students and the government—and even among elected officials themselves—over whether the government has the right to dictate to students what they can eat. Two students have even taken the fight to YouTube, posting a video in which they interview fellow students about their food preferences and what they think about the government’s mandate on healthier food in school cafeterias.
But this particular drama isn’t being played out here in the United States. Instead, it’s happening in our neighbor to the north, Canada. In the wake of an edict by the Ontario provincial government banning junk food in schools, cafeterias are reportedly going bankrupt, students are decrying the loss of their “freedom of choice,” and provincial leaders are squabbling among themselves over whether the government has made the right move.
Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty is unapologetic. He told reporters last week that schools simply have to “be more creative” with menus to make the healthier food guidelines work.
“We put a man on the moon 40 years ago,” he was quoted in The National Post. “Don’t tell me that we can’t make healthy, delicious, tasty attractive food for teenagers in the province of Ontario in 2012.”
Personally, I find the political bickering to be the most interesting aspect of this “food fight.” Critics say the mandate was ill-conceived. Defenders say school districts simply aren’t trying hard enough. The peacemakers argue that the plan is a good one, but better education is needed to help students make informed decisions about their food choices. Students basically respond with, “let us eat whatever we want.”
And here in the United States, school foodservice professionals would like to say to their northern colleagues, “Welcome to our world.”
Watch one of the videos below. | <urn:uuid:d1abdb2d-b69c-468a-8256-0d54fa7f8345> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.foodservicedirector.com/industry-news-opinion/stories-from-road/articles/school-food-fight?quicktabs_most_viewed_tabby=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00535-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963607 | 423 | 2.609375 | 3 |
If you have problems with GNU
make or think you’ve found a bug,
please report it to the developers; we cannot promise to do anything but
we might well want to fix it.
Before reporting a bug, make sure you’ve actually found a real bug. Carefully reread the documentation and see if it really says you can do what you’re trying to do. If it’s not clear whether you should be able to do something or not, report that too; it’s a bug in the documentation!
Before reporting a bug or trying to fix it yourself, try to isolate it
to the smallest possible makefile that reproduces the problem. Then
send us the makefile and the exact results
make gave you,
including any error or warning messages. Please don’t paraphrase
these messages: it’s best to cut and paste them into your report.
When generating this small makefile, be sure to not use any non-free
or unusual tools in your recipes: you can almost always emulate what
such a tool would do with simple shell commands. Finally, be sure to
explain what you expected to occur; this will help us decide whether
the problem was really in the documentation.
Once you have a precise problem you can report it in one of two ways. Either send electronic mail to:
or use our Web-based project management tool, at:
In addition to the information above, please be careful to include the
version number of
make you are using. You can get this
information with the command ‘make --version’. Be sure also to
include the type of machine and operating system you are using. One
way to obtain this information is by looking at the final lines of
output from the command ‘make --help’. | <urn:uuid:cc109a7a-cfdb-42e3-8489-3b99b551e78c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Bugs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921282 | 387 | 1.820313 | 2 |
I came as a stranger and I’ll go as a stranger… the theme of Franz Schubert’s “Winterreise” (Winter Journey) accommpanies the itinerant photographer Friedrich Pöhler through a dramatic phase of his life as his attempt in 1909 to settle in the pietistic brotherhood community of Wilhelmsdorf in Oberschwaben fails. The film relates the life of the devout Wilhelmsdorf community and the farmers and tradesmen of the neighboring Catholic villages as a conflict between the strict pietistic moral code and the rough village reality which comes to a climax in the doomed love affair between the tired, lonely photographer and the pub waitress, Anna Limpert, who had been cast out of Wilhelmsdorf.
The semi-documentary film was developed and created under the direction of Klaus Armbrusher from a book by Thomas Tielsch. The film is based around a find of 350 glass negatives from Friedrich Pöhlers studio in Wilhelmsdorf which were discovered in 1993 in a storeroom and brought the work of the itinerant photographer into public interest. On the initiative of the finder, Claudio Hils, who was also the motivation behind the film project, Pöhler’s work has been honoured in exhibitions and in a comprehensive book. Only a few facts are known about Pöhler’s time in Wilhelmsdorf, however, the places and people in his photographs were thoroughly researched and the minutes of the Brother’s Council which held strict judgement over members of the community and meticulously noted the often desolate village life and the punishments meted out. Thomas Tielsch writes of an “invented story” which expands on the research to give it a reality. Correspondingly exciting and multifaceted is the script and dramatic construction of Klaus Armbrusher’s film, which brings the story into a flow of time moving between the year 1909 and the present and diversely weaving fiction and historical facts. | <urn:uuid:846ee5cc-1b66-4ad1-9626-4032f591d71b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://thomaschweber.de/en/project/pohlers-passages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.971864 | 420 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Software ergonomics and usability design
"Usability Design" is the current end of a development which came to the fore of information technology in the 80ies. While the above two terms are difficult to understand for outsiders, the term of "fitness for purpose" proves to be much more helpful, also because this term permits the determination of concrete, testable features.
From the beginning on dedicated to the users
Usability design is supposed to guarantee that the user-friendliness of software is taken into consideration from the beginning on and is preserved throughout the whole life cycle. | <urn:uuid:1f18de65-6bf5-4ef9-9efb-8a3731437db0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.voigtmann.de/en/app-development/usability-design/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00569-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948726 | 117 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Biometric technologies are one of the trends of the new decade. Despite being around for many years, they began to be used in everyday life and business quite recently. We tell you what will change the innovations in this industry.
Biometrics is the measurement and analysis of a person’s unique physical and behavioral characteristics. Just because of the uniqueness of each person, can use them for identification and verification of personality.
Previously, biometrics was used only in forensics, but already in 2018, predicted that by 2020, biometric data would be used by 90% of companies. Today, almost everyone is used to unlocking a smartphone using a fingerprint.
According to Statista, revenues of global biometric systems in 2018 amounted to about $ 21.8 billion; mobile biometric technologies brought more than $ 20 billion. Biometrics is used in various industries: air transportation, education, banking, and now it is penetrating the IoT market.
Ensuring Data Security
Biometric IDs are difficult to steal or copy and remain the same throughout a person’s life – this makes biometric authentication an essential feature of IoT devices as they require login credentials. People using such protection can no longer worry that they have forgotten their passwords.
Imagine a coffee maker that prepares a customer’s favorite drink after fingerprint recognition or a facial recognition system that alerts hotel staff when VIP guests are arriving – this is the near future.
Facial recognition can be used in medicine, for example, to control the movement of patients or compliance with sanitary standards, in industrial and other facilities for security purposes, in banks for control in ATM areas.
For example, the Invitro clinic used a computer vision system to “recognize” patients coming to the reception and immediately display their data on the administrator’s monitor. This allowed getting rid of queues and accepting regular customers faster.
Biometrics is helpful for advertisers too. By identifying users, they will consider their needs and interests to offer relevant products and services in real-time on interactive billboards.
Biometric Authentication As a Service
Biometrics is a flexible concept with great potential for use in almost any field. Biometric identifiers are very user-friendly – no need to carry plastic cards, keys, NFC devices, and other material objects with you.
The technology will advance rapidly in the coming years to enhance the security of web applications and IoT devices like biometric locks, personalized kitchen gadgets, and smart homes. With the help of biometrics, businesses will recognize their customers to continuously improve the quality of service. | <urn:uuid:7baaed71-4185-4271-bbe0-047f676361cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.technologyhunger.com/the-coffee-machine-brews-a-drink-using-a-fingerprint/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.934915 | 530 | 2.609375 | 3 |
In 1917, RI President Arch C. Klumph proposed that an endownment be set up “for the purpose of doing good in the world.” In 1928, when the endownment fund had grown to more than US $5,000,
it was renamed The Rotary Foundation and it became a district entity within Rotary International.
Five Trustees, including Klumph, were appointed to “hold, invest, manage and administer all of its property…..as a single trust, for the furtherance of the purposes of RI.
Two years later, the Foundation made its first grant of $500 to the International Society for crippled Children. The organisation,
created by Rotarian Edgar F. “Daddy” Allen, later grew into the Easter Seals.
After Rotary;s founder, Paul P. Harris, dien in 1947, contributions began pouring into Rotary International and the Paul Harris Memorial Fund was created to build the Foundation.
That year, the first Foundation program – the forerunner of Rotary Foundation Ambassadorial Scholarships – was established. In 1965-66, three new programs were launched:
Group Study Exchang, Awards for Technical Training and Grants for Acticities in Keeping with the Objective of The Rotary Foundation, which was later called Matching Grants.
The Health, Hunger and Humanity (3-H) Grants program was launched in1978 and Rotary Volunteers was created as a part of that program in 1980. PolioPlus was announced in 1984-85 and
the next year brought Rotary Grants for University Teachers. The first peace forums were eld in 1987-88, leading to the Foundation’s peace and conflict studies programs.
Throughout this time, support of the Foundation grew tremendously. Since the first donation of $ 26.50 in1917, it has received contributions totaling more than $1 billion.
To date, more than one million individuals have been recognised as Paul Harris Fellows – people who hav given $ 1,000 to the Annual Programs Fund or have had that amount contributed in their name. | <urn:uuid:a961215b-4231-4871-9a76-37f3cf8337b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rotarybombaypier.org/TRF/History-of-Rotary-Foundation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971787 | 428 | 1.976563 | 2 |
is makeup racist?
This post was first published on Zoya’s blog, The Coconut Chronicles, where she muses on the difficulties of toeing the line between two cultures as an Indian-Australian.
I’ll just put it out there – I’ve never been a big makeup fan. Not just for feminist reasons (and even then, my biggest issue is with hair removal, not lipstick), but because I honestly don’t understand how to use the stuff.
If you’re a woman in a western country, makeup is considered par for the course. In fact, in almost any society, there is a form of makeup that is customary for women to wear, whether it be kohl in India, or foundation in America.
From the age of around 14, you can start noticing it in classrooms, with teenage girls starting to pull out compact mirrors, and first experimenting with applying their own lipstick and eyeliner.
Makeup was never a big feature in my household. My mum didn’t wear it, there was never any around for her daughters to experiment with, and for various religious reasons, it was generally not discussed or allowed when we were younger. When we grew older, mum told us it was our decision whether or not we wanted to use the stuff, but by that point neither me nor my sisters were particularly interested.
I did go through a minor Gothic phase in high school that involved a lot of eyeliner, but that was about it for a long time.
However, when I started university, I became far more interested in my appearance, for better or for worse. This new-found interest was mostly manifested in my wardrobe, which became increasingly more sophisticated (or at least I hope it did), and in intricate nailpolish designs I would spend hours on. I kept wearing eyeliner, and eventually I started thinking about maybe trying other makeup.
I had awful acne when I was a teenager, and although my skin calmed down completely by the time I graduated high school, I always felt self conscious about my acne scars. I saw a couple of friends sporting flawless complexions through the use of foundation, and started wondering if maybe I should give it a go.
In retrospect, this was probably misguided anyway – foundation can be quite bad for the skin (depending on the type used), and my skin was so sensitive it probably would have made things worse.
Luckily, the decision was made for me by the sheer lack of products that catered to my skin tone.
I have numerous issues with the beauty industry, but the subtle racism of foundation and other makeup colours might be my biggest one. The shades available in the average makeup counter at David Jones or your local pharmacy usually stretch to three – ‘light’, ‘medium’ and ‘dark’. These are expressed through more inane labels of course, (try ‘sandstorm’, ‘honey velvet’ etc etc), but the fact remains that there is no shade that truly caters to the wide range of skin tones in our multicultural population.
I’ve had this argument with friends, and been told that the tones available reflect the majority of consumers in Australia, who just happen to be white. This, I don’t buy – the 2011 census stated that over a quarter of Australians (26%) were born overseas. Even if a large proportion of that percentage is accounted for by European, British or American migration, it would be hard to argue that the population of Australians from subcontinental, Asian or African backgrounds is negligible.
There is clearly a market for makeup products that cater to a wider range of skin tones, but I don’t see that reflected in the shelves. In fact, a basic Google search reveals that many Indian girls before me have struggled to find makeup to suit their skin tones, and appear to be fobbed off in most forums with platitudes like ‘Indians don’t need to wear makeup, you have such gorgeous skin anyway!’
I agree with that, but mostly because I think no woman ‘needs’ to wear makeup.
Perhaps this article is futile anyway, because my true stance on this issue is that the makeup industry is an unfortunate aspect of modern life that capitalises on our superficiality and insecurity.
But I do think it’s interesting that there hasn’t been an introduction of tones and colours that suit different ethnicities. | <urn:uuid:80b05be6-51f3-46dd-bb37-c897fb9b32bf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://lipmag.com/opinion/is-makeup-racist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00560-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975162 | 917 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Germany 'hid' information on Guantanamo detainees
April 25, 2006BRUSSELS - The German military has hidden information that Bosnian citizens currently being held in Guantanamo Bay are not terrorist suspects, a US lawyer told European lawmakers Tuesday.
April 25, 2006
BRUSSELS - The German military has hidden information that Bosnian citizens currently being held in Guantanamo Bay are not terrorist suspects, a US lawyer told European lawmakers Tuesday.
After questioning the families of six Bosnian citizens of Algerian origin detained in Guantanamo Bay since January 2003, the German military did not make public its conclusions that that the men were victims of US secret service activities rather than terrorist suspects, US lawyer Stephen Oleskey told a European Parliament committee investigating alleged CIA activities in Europe.
Oleskey said the military officers stationed in Bosnia in 2003 did not reveal their identity but pretended to be journalists.
"The military knew that those men are no terror suspects," he said. "And that the officers disguised themselves as journalists when questioning the detainees families is a cruel irony of the nightmare in Guantanamo."
Germany has therefore been complicit in transporting terror suspects to the US prison camp on Cuba, Oleskey told Euro MPs.
Subject: German News | <urn:uuid:c387938b-e214-4a5c-b2a5-7681830f9949> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.expatica.com/de/news/Germany-hid-information-on-Guantanamo-detainees_137207.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00324-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969802 | 244 | 1.890625 | 2 |
The South African History Archive (SAHA) is an independent human rights archive dedicated to documenting and providing access to archival holdings that relate to past and contemporary struggles for justice in South Africa.
Established by anti-apartheid activists in the 1980s, SAHA was closely connected in its formative years to the United Democratic Front, the Congress of South African Trade Unions and the African National Congress. SAHA is now politically non-aligned, committed to collecting materials from organisations and individuals across a broad socio-political spectrum and making archives accessible to as many South Africans as possible.
SAHA's central mission is to recapture lost and neglected histories and to record aspects of South African history in the making. This informs our continued focus on documenting past struggles against apartheid, as well as ongoing struggles in the making of democracy.
SAHA currently organises its activities into two core programmes:
- The Freedom of Information Programme (FOIP) is dedicated to using South Africa's Promotion of Access to Information Act 2 of 2000 in order to extend the boundaries of freedom of information and to build up an archive of materials released under the Act for public use.
- The Struggles for Justice (SFJ) Programme focuses on collecting, preserving and creating access to archival materials held by SAHA, and promoting related archival collections across the region.
As of 2015, SAHA has launched a cross-programmatic pilot project, the Right to Truth (RTT) project, to consolidate SAHA's archival practice and information activism that has been focused on making the work and records of, and surrounding, the South African TRC more readily accessible. | <urn:uuid:c0139722-8fcd-4ad3-93e0-b42f28867a3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://foip.saha.org.za/static/about-saha | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.94078 | 339 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Wasteful spending must stop
An open letter to U.S. Senator Grassley, U.S. Senator Harkin and U.S. Representative Braley.
With all due respect, how ignorant does Congress think “we the people” are? Following are a few examples of how it is possible to cut spending without harming a single person:
The Department of Agriculture’s Office if the Chief Information Officer funded a $2 million intern program. Only one intern was hired full time as a result.
The Internal Revenue Service stored 22,486 items of unused furniture in a warehouse at an annual cost of $862,000.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs funded a fish hatchery that never saw a fish hatch for 14 years, continuing funding even after the land had been converted to office space.
The Rural Business Enterprise Grant Program gave $55,000 to a New York State dairy farm to package its butter in smaller, 8-ounce containers.
A grant totaling $25,000 was used to transcribe a Maldivian love ballad.
Taxpayers funded a National Institutes of Health study costing $55,382 in 2011, and$170,000 over three years, to study the hookah smoking habits of Jordanian university students.
Federally subsidized Amtrak lost $84.5 million on its food and beverage services in 2011, and $833.8 million over the past ten years. It has never broke even on these services.
In fiscal year 2010, the federal government spent nearly $1.7 billion to maintain 77,700 underused or unused buildings.
My question is, what are you doing to put an end to the wasteful spending that is going on in the federal government? | <urn:uuid:904ad192-bf3c-41ad-8ca3-75a437ed8491> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://content.timesrepublican.com/?p=560173/Wasteful-spending-must-stop.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00324-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944025 | 353 | 1.859375 | 2 |
I'm sure you can think of all sorts of condiments that are obviously NOT healthy...
What about Mayo? Sorry...
With processed refined soybean oil as the main ingredient in most mayos, there's NOTHING healthy about mayonnaise. It causes internal inflammation and harms your omega-6 to omega-3 balance with excess omega-6 fats. Tartar sauce has the same issues as mayo. If you can find a mayo made with 100% olive oil instead of soybean oil, this would actually be a healthy choice.
Ketchup? Not quite...
Yes, ketchup is made from tomatoes so it does contain the beneficial nutrient lycopene. Unfortunately ketchup has a high % of sugar, and most brands are made with nasty high fructose corn syrup. Not good. Hey, I'm a ketchup lover myself, but I just try to keep the quantity small to minimize the sugar intake.
Barbeque Sauce? Nope...
BBQ sauce is actually worse than ketchup because it has higher levels of sugar or HFCS and lower levels of actual tomato. Strike 3 with BBQ sauce.
Salad Dressing? Not most store brands...
As you know from this salad dressing article of mine, there's not much healthy about most store bought salad dressings...most contain HFCS and soybean oil or unhealthy canola oil as the main ingredients.
Most "fat-free" salad dressings are simply loaded with extra sugar. Plus, remember that you need a good fat source to go with your salad to help absorb the vitamins and minerals in your veggies, so fat-free dressing is not a good option. Even most salad dressing brands that claim to be "made with olive oil" only have small amounts of actual olive oil, while unhealthy soybean or canola oils are main oils used. Instead, follow my healthy salad dressing recipe if you want a lean healthy body.
So, what are the top 5 healthiest condiments?
Below, I give you my top 5 picks for the healthiest condiments for a lean healthy body. Sure, there might be a few others not on this list that are also healthy, but these are my top 5 picks:
That's right... mustard is absolutely one of the healthiest condiments! First, it has no added sugar. Also, mustard seed itself is a source of powerful antioxidants. In addition to the antioxidants in the mustard seed, most yellow mustards also contain turmeric (one of the healthiest anti-cancer spices) and paprika, which both contain powerful antioxidants as well!
I know, I know... when do I ever stop talking about avocados and guacamole. Sorry, it's one of my favorite foods, and I eat avocados or guac just about every single day. At this point, I don't think I need to explain why Gauc is healthy, as I think everybody knows this by now... but a quick recap: lots of healthy fats (that satisfy your appetite and regulate hormone balance), lots of fiber, and plenty of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
And creamy guac just makes anything taste better! I put it on eggs, on burgers, on chicken or fish, or just eat it with veggie sticks. If you buy pre-made guac from the store, just be sure to check the ingredients and make sure it doesn't have added trans fats or other artificial ingredients. But it's so simple and fast to make fresh guac, I don't know why anybody would buy pre-made guac.
Although ketchup was on the unhealthy list due to the sugar content, salsa makes the super healthy list as it almost never has added sugars if you get a good brand. Salsa is mostly just vegetables so it's hard to go wrong. I like it on my morning eggs for variety sometimes. I also like to mix salsa half and half with guac for a delicious party treat!
And if you're a ketchup lover and want to reduce your sugar intake, just try salsa instead for a much healthier option. Trust me... salsa on a burger is just as delicious as ketchup on a burger.
Just remember that the corn chips that people generally cram down their throats with salsa are NOT even close to healthy. Corn chips are almost always fried in a heavily refined omega-6 oil such as corn or soy oil, and are inflammatory. Plus, most corn used for corn chips is genetically modified. Organic corn chips are a small step in the right direction (this ensures it's not GMO corn), but I'd still try to keep the quantity small if you're going to eat corn chips with salsa.
Hummus is mostly just chickpeas, tahini, garlic, lemon, and olive oil, and is easily one of the healthiest condiments or as a separate snack by itself.
The main thing to look for when buying a good hummus is to make sure it's made with olive oil and NOT soybean or canola oil. Unfortunately most brands use cheap soy or canola oil, but if you're a label reader, it's easy to find a brand that uses solely olive oil.
One of my favorite snacks is just veggie sticks with hummus. However, hummus is also a delicious condiment to go with sandwiches, on top of meat dishes, etc.
Pesto is generally a mashed mix of garlic, pine nuts, basil, olive oil, and grated cheese. It's a great source of healthy fats and also powerful antioxidants, mostly from the garlic and basil, but to some extent from the pine nuts and olive oil too.
Pesto goes incredibly well with sandwiches, on meat dishes, or surprisingly, even on eggs.
There's one more condiment we didn't cover yet that you might be wondering about...
What about hot sauce? Actually, hot sauce is fairly healthy. Most hot sauces don't have added sugars. And the hot peppers are actually good for you too and could even cause a slight and temporary metabolism increase. The only drawback to most hot sauces is a moderately high sodium content. But unless you go nuts with loads of hot sauce on every meal, the sodium content in hot sauce will not be an issue.
So now that you know 5 of the healthiest condiments, don't be afraid to indulge next time you need one of these tasty additions to your meal.
Although these 5 condiments may be a super-healthy choice for a lean, & healthy body…
On the next page, I want to share with you exactly why you should STOP eating whole wheat bread, vegetable oil, sugar, soy, and even some ‘heart healthy’ foods, as well as how these foods are silently KILLING you and your family.
Click the ‘next page’ link below to discover how these foods are destroying your health, causing weight gain, & accelerating aging. | <urn:uuid:d92957d3-5dcf-4b57-901a-596b1597ca90> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.truthaboutabs.com/healthiest-condiments.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00349-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953526 | 1,420 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Surely this much at least is true: The belief that P is the case (say, that my illness is gone) and the desire that P be the case are very different mental states -- the possession of one without the other explaining much human dissatisfaction. Less cleanly distinct, however, are the desire that P (or for X) and the belief that P (or having X) would be good.
I don't insist that the desires and believings-good are utterly inseparable. Maybe we sometimes believe that things are good apathetically, without desiring them; surely we sometimes desire things that we don’t believe are, all things considered, good. But I’m suspicious of the existence of utter apathy. And if believing good requires believing good all things considered, perhaps we should think genuine desiring, too, is desiring all things considered; or conversely if we allow for conflicting and competing desires that pick up on individual desirable aspects of a thing or state of affairs then perhaps also we should allow for conflicting and competing believings good that also track individual aspects – believing that the desired object has a certain good quality (the very quality in virtue of which it is desired). With these considerations in mind, there may be no clear and indisputable case in which desiring and believing good come cleanly apart.
If the mind works by the manipulation of discrete representations with discrete functional roles – inner sentences, say, in the language of thought, with specific linguistic contents – then the desire that P and the belief that P would be good are surely different representational states, despite whatever difficulty there may be in prizing them apart. (Perhaps they’re closely causally related.) But if the best ontology of belief and desire, as I think, treats as basic the dispositional profiles associated with those states – that is, if mental states are best individuated in terms of how the people possessing those states are prone to act and react in various situations – and if dispositional profiles can overlap and be partly fulfilled, then there may be no sharp distinction between the desire that P and the belief that P would be good. The person who believes that Obama’s winning would be good and the person who wants Obama to win act and react – behaviorally, cognitively, emotionally – very similarly: Their dispositional profiles are much the same. The patterns of action and reaction characteristic of the two states largely overlap, even if they don’t do so completely.
This point of view casts in a very different light a variety of issues in philosophy of mind and action, such as the debate about whether beliefs can, by themselves, motivate action or whether they must be accompanied by desires; characterizations of belief and desire as having neatly different "directions of fit"; and functional architectures of the mind that turn centrally on the distinction between representations in the "belief box" and those in the "desire box". | <urn:uuid:f7474989-4c3c-44c4-ad52-d7cb5d4f23bf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://schwitzsplinters.blogspot.com/2009/07/smallish-difference-between-belief-and.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00384-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957792 | 600 | 2.34375 | 2 |
- Animation is starting to be used correctly and tastefully
- Mobile-first design is becoming more of a norm
- Hero images still haven’t gone away and are getting “trendier”
- Single-page (i.e. “embrace the scroll”) design
- Grid-based layouts
- Personalization (though no one could agree what it meant)
Surprisingly, they all missed one, and it’s a big one. In fact, I’d argue that it’s almost as big as Hollywood’s obsession with orange and teal. I call it “Black is the New Black” and it’s the proliferation of dark grey or black text on a white or light grey background as navigational elements.
Let’s take a look at the global header and global navigation for some of the top websites in the United States as reported by Alexa:
All of these brand and navigational experiences have a few things in common:
- They use almost no color in the global navigational elements
- The chosen element’s state of being chosen is illustrated through a change in font weight or border
- The navigation bar is almost indistinguishable from the brand channel (where the brand tells you who they are, and often where the search elements hang out) or the utility bar (where top-level utilities like “messages” or “log in / log out” are located.
It’s not surprising that designers would want to understate their global navigation; I think we can all agree that we don’t want the global navigation to have a stronger visual hierarchy than the content of the page. Picking a limited but accessible color palette such as a white background with dark grey text or a dark grey background with white text accomplishes these goals.
And in the era of “flat design” it’s not too much of a surprise that the navigation menu looks neither like a row of file folder tabs nor like a row of gradient-decorated buttons. There’s something very sleek (or maybe naked?) about a row of links floating in space.
But there are also problems.
It’s breeding like bunnies
(Incidentally, I raised rabbits as a kid and it’s harder to get them to do that than you’d think, but I’m going with the metaphor anyway.)
The examples above concentrate on strictly the global navigation, but that’s not the only place Black is the New Black is showing up.
Youtube, Facebook, and Amazon are all using black heavily in their local (left-nav) navigation bars:
Wix is using black on their Most Popular list as well as their global navigation.
Alexa is using white-on-dark-blue for their global navigation and black-on-white for their in-page navigation.
And then there’s the New York Times:
There is nothing on this page written in text, clickable or not clickable, that isn’t black on white.
Okay, okay, so maybe she’s called the Grey Lady for a reason and it’s a purposeful decision to cast away usability just to look like the newspaper. But CNN was never a newspaper, and they followed suit:
If we had only been seeing this trend in the global navigation, we could’ve argued that people know global navigation is interactive because almost all websites place their global navigation in the same place, and it’s a learned behavior. As the trend spreads from global navigation to local navigation to in-page navigation to plain old links, the amount of cognitive load the user needs to use to determine what’s interactive goes up significantly.
It’s difficult to tell the state of an element
For most of these examples, the primary global navigation is a tabset metaphor: you’re looking at one set of data under a specific category. If you didn’t come in the front door (thank you Google) or you have forgotten how you got to where you are, the global tabs provide you with a sense of environment and direction: here’s where you are, here’s where you can go.
So if the navigational elements don’t look like they have a specific state set, it can be confusing for the user to orient themselves. Amazon’s design is probably the most difficult to use. Neither the global navigation nor the subnavigation change regardless of which category you’re viewing. Where are you on Amazon’s site? Who knows? Just search again and hope you get somewhere useful.
There’s also the question of number of states. For global navigation on externally-facing websites we generally only see two states: active (which means you could select it) and selected (which means you already did). On internally-facing websites or applications, though, we frequently have a third choice for disabled tabs.
Why would you display a navigational element a user couldn’t access? One reason may be because you’re in tech support and you can see other people’s accounts but not modify them — you may still need to tell Mr. Smith where the Private Data tab is located even if you can’t view it.
Internal employees providing wayfinding for other users, whether they’re internal or external users, is the most frequent use of disabled navigation elements, but I’ve seen others in the wild. Sometimes to gain access to secure content, the user has to take other steps first, which could even include plugging in a dongle or drive. Sometimes authentication is required. Sometimes it’s a vendor product and it’s just what you got stuck with.
At any rate, if the user needs to know the tab exists but can’t use it, it has to have a disabled state. And therein lies a problem: if the selected state is grey and the active state is a different grey, what color is the disabled state (which is traditionally grey)? One could argue to introduce a third lighter grey, but then one has to be careful to make the disabled grey different enough from the active grey to look disabled while also not making it so light that it no longer fails color contrast testing for accessibility.
(Incidentally, I did have someone argue once that disabled items don’t need to be readable. Hogwash. Either you need to know what’s disabled, in which case they need to be readable, or you don’t need to see them at all.)
Let’s say that we find a suitable grey or font weight or something that differentiates disabled from active or selected. Great! Now we just need to solve the problem two more times, for the hover state and the focus state.
There is only so far that we can stretch font weights and underlines and borders if we limit ourselves to a greyscale navigation system.
It matches the body copy
In almost all of the cases cited above, the body copy for the site was the same color or nearly the same color as the navigational elements. If everything’s the same color and weight and nearly the same size, what’s clickable and what isn’t?
I’ve heard many a designer over the years claim that a user will explore a page and click on things to see if they do anything, but my experience in usability testing points otherwise. People don’t click things that don’t look clickable. As Jakob Nielsen says, “Life is too short to click on things you don’t understand.”
“Just click it to find out” on an iPad using a cellular connection on a train is not exactly the speediest way to explore a website.
I’ve hear designers and developers also justify decisions like this by “the cursor will change when they hover over it”, which may be true if the user is using a mouse, but fails miserably for my iPad. Hover states are not guaranteed and can’t be used as a primary affordance.
Finally, I’ve heard the case that users are smart enough to understand that something is an article title or breadcrumb or link just by what it says and will click because they understand what they’re looking at. That works fine for experienced web users, but for young people, those with cognitive disabilities or reading difficulties, or people who are reading in a foreign language, the affordance of a change of color or other indicator that something is a link may be the same affordance that helps them understand the words are an article title.
Affordances are important
Clean simple designs are important to ensuring that our users put the bulk of their thinking on the content we’re presenting and not the navigational framework around it.
At the same time, there are critical reasons to make interactive elements stand out from their non-interactive brethren: mostly that we want our users to interact with them.
We want the choice to click on something to always be successful. We want the user to trust the interface. We want to communicate state, not only by the context clues of the surrounding content, but by the visual and structural display of the content itself.
To that end, not everyone’s global header has to be black text on a white background (or vice versa). It’s not only okay to be different, but when designed well, it will give us a more effective design than those following Black is the New Black will be able to boast.
Navigation elements should always clearly communicate their state.
Links should look different from body copy, even if the link is to the side of the page or above or below the body copy.
Text should have significant enough contrast from its background and its neighbors to both read it and understand the affordances it carries.
Most importantly, there’s more than three colors in the world, and we should not be afraid to use them, especially when it results in a product that’s easier for our users to understand. | <urn:uuid:11963aa9-be89-42e6-ae4b-1ac0acbe1934> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://theinterconnected.net/kirabug/black-is-the-new-black-navigating-in-black-and-white/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.924506 | 2,141 | 1.578125 | 2 |
The Motor Voter Act took effect Jan. 1 and made headlines as California became one of the first states to automate voter registration when people visit the Department of Motor Vehicles.
Though sold as one way to help boost the state's dismally low voter turnout rates, improvement in the numbers may not materialize, at least not immediately. As more people join the state’s voter rolls, they won’t necessarily show up to vote, and that could drive the rates down even lower.
California’s Secretary of State Alex Padilla says he heard that possible outcome used as an argument against the new law when pushing for its passage, but in his view, it’s an argument that doesn’t hold up.
"The real way to look at it is: will the raw number of people casting ballots in future elections go up? I believe they will, and that’s where we’re keeping our focus and our energy," he said.
Answering questions after taping a Take Two segment on Monday, Padilla said automated voter registration at the DMV should be fully up and running no later than mid-2017.
The first step is completing the work on VoteCal, the state's long-delayed voter database that is expected to be finished by June. After that, revising forms and training DMV employees will begin, among the steps needed to get the system running.
"I think it's safe to say that by the 2018 gubernatorial election, there's going to be a significant infusion of new registrants through this automatic registration process," he said.
With nearly 6.7 million Californians eligible but not registered to vote, Padilla expects the new law will bring in hundreds of thousands of new voters each year. Estimates show 85 to 90 percent of eligible, unregistered voters will ultimately be added to the state's voter rolls, according to Padilla.
Padilla points out that the new registrations will spark outreach to people who have been previously ignored through voter information guides, sample ballots, and materials from candidates and campaigns.
To hear more from Secretary of State Alex Padilla, listen to his interview with Take Two's A Martinez. | <urn:uuid:75425c0f-484a-4fc3-a2f4-d193706612eb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/26/57044/new-dmv-voter-law-won-t-guarantee-better-turnout-r/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721387.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00448-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957795 | 445 | 1.765625 | 2 |
When it comes to a child’s sleep, quality is important. When you invest in waterproof bed sheets for your kids’ beds, you’re also investing in better quality sleep for your children. Waterproof bed sheets offer many benefits for kids.
One benefit is helping a child’s body temperature stay regulated. Waterproof sheets wick away moisture and sweat, keeping your child cool and comfortable all night long.
Another benefit is their easy cleanup process. You can throw waterproof bed sheets in the washer and dryer as normal. If your child has an accident in these sheets in the middle of the night, you can easily take them off the bed and wash them. Then, they’ll be good as new!
A third benefit is that you won’t need to buy mattress protectors. A waterproof bedsheet is a great alternative since they protect the mattress from accidents with their waterproof ability. This is important since 15% of children still wet the bed at age 5.
A final benefit is their soft texture. Waterproof bed sheets are not only cool – they’re also comfy! Your kiddos will enjoy sleeping on these pillow-like sheets that are also great for children that still have accidents at night.
Take a look at the video below to learn more about why changing your kids’ water resistant sheets is more important than ever! | <urn:uuid:3fea89ff-30b2-4e74-815d-d6526e708821> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mymaternityphotography.com/benefits-of-waterproof-bed-sheets-for-your-kiddos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.953242 | 285 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, & Social Justice Committee
Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Social Justice Committee: Advances pedagogy, advocacy, and research related to issues of diversity, equity, inclusion, understanding, empathy, social justice, and human rights as they intersect with traumatic stress and resilience. Examines relevant material to be included in counselor education; how terms related to diversity, equity, inclusion, understanding, empathy, social justice, and human rights are being taught and written about as they intersect with traumatic stress and resilience in the Counseling Profession. Reviews research on issues of diversity, equity, inclusion, understanding, empathy, social justice, and human rights in the Counseling Profession; Organizes events focused on diversity, equity, inclusion, understanding, empathy, social justice, and human rights at the IARTC Conference. Develops and submits to IARTC Board proposed training modules for IARTC members to be housed in a members-only area of the IARTC website.
Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu, Ed.D., NCC, NCCC, NCSC, LPCC
IARTC Founding Chair, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Social Justice Committee
Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu, Ed.D., NCC, NCCC, NCSC, LPCC has been serving as the Director of Research and Professor in the doctoral program of Counselor Education and Supervision at the Lindsey Wilson College, Columbia, Kentucky since August 2014. He was formerly a distinguished professor of research and chairman of the Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology at the University of Louisville. Dr. Sandhu holds six graduate degrees including Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Teaching (B.T.), and M.A. (English) from the Punjab University, Chandigarh, India. In addition, he earned M.Ed., Specialist in English, and Doctor's Degree in Counselor Education and Supervision from the United States.
Dr. Sandhu has served the profession of counselor education and supervision and counseling psychology with distinction for more than 25 years. In addition to more than 50 refereed journal articles and 70 book chapters, Dr. Sandhu has authored or edited thirteen textbooks. Some of Dr. Sandhu's notable textbooks which significantly impacted and contributed to the field of professional counseling and psychotherapy literature include:
Numerical problems in physics (Published in India by Royal Publishers, Punjab)
Satranghi Pingh, a collection of Punjabi poems. Punjabi Book Publishers, Jalandhar
Counseling for prejudice prevention and reduction
Empowering women for equity: A counseling approach
Multicultural competencies: A guidebook of practices
Counseling employees: A multifaceted approach
Faces of violence: Psychological correlates, concepts, and intervention strategies
Elementary school counseling in the new millennium
Asian and Pacific Islander Americans: Issues and concerns for counseling and psychotherapy
A practical guide to classroom observations: A multidimensional approach
Violence in American schools: A practical guide for counselors
Multicultural counseling: Context, theory and practice and competence
Appalachian Americans: Issues and Concerns for Counseling and Psychotherapy (2020)
Sat Guru Nanak Pargatya: The Divine Light of Universal Truth and Love (2020)
Throughout his professional career, Dr. Sandhu has received several highly prestigious and distinguished awards including: Fulbright Senior Research Scholar Award (2002); Fulbright Senior Research Award (2010); and Fulbright Senior Research Scholar Award (2017); AMCD Research Awards (twice); Multicultural Teaching Award; Chi Sigma Iota Research Award, President's Distinguished Faculty Award for Outstanding Scholarship, Research and Creativity; Mississippi State University Alumnus of the Year Award, and the Kentucky Counselor Educator of the Year Award twice (2001 & 2012). In 2001 Sage published Dr. Sandhu's autobiographical account of 15 pages in the Handbook of Multiculural Counseling (2001) to recognize him as one of the pioneers of multicultural counseling and development.
On March 21, 2012, Dr. Sandhu was honored as a Fellow of the American Counseling Association at ACA Convention in San Francisco. He was also honored as the Diplomate, by the American Mental Health Counselors Association on July 20, 2012, in Orlando, Florida. Dr. Sandhu also received one of the most coveted awards, the Arthur A. Hitchcock Distinguished Professional Service Award from the American Counseling Association on March 23 in Cincinnati. He was the sole recipient of this award from more than 58,000 professional members. He also received the Samuel H. Johnson Professional Service Award from the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development on March 23 at the ACA annual convention in Cincinnati. On April 22, 2013, Dr. Sandhu was also honored with Kentucky Counseling Ambassador Award by the Kentucky Mental Health Counseling Association.
The university-wide selection committee at the University of Louisville selected Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu to receive the 2013 President's Distinguished Career Achievement Faculty Award in Service. The Distinguished Faculty Service Awards are given annually to faculty who have made exceptional service contributions to the University of Louisville, their profession, the community or region, national or international service, and career of service. Dr. Sandhu received this prestigious, Lifetime Career Achievement Award on September 9, 2013, at the Celebration of Faculty Excellence. On August 23, 2013, the Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES) has awarded Dr. Sandhu, Fulbright Senior Specialist Award. Most recently, Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu received Senior Fulbright-Nehru Research Award for India on August 8, 2017. This Fulbright Research Award is called the core or classic award and is considered the most prestigious award.
Dr. Sandhu was honored as the Outstanding Counselor Educator from all the nationwide tenured counselor educators at the annual convention of the Association for Counselor Educators and Supervision held from October 16-20, 2013 in Denver, Colorado. On October 25, 2013, Kentucky Counseling Association honored Dr. Sandhu with its most prestigious, Kearny Campbell Memorial Award.
Dr. Daya Sandhu received one of India's highly prestigious Hind Rattan Award on January 25, 2014, in New Delhi. The Hind Rattan (Hindi phrase translated to English as "Jewel of India") is one of the highest Indian diasporic awards granted annually to non-resident Indian citizens (NRIs) by the NRI Welfare Society of India, an organization under the umbrella of the Government of India. The award ceremony is attended by senior members of the Government of India and of the Supreme Court of India.
American Counseling Association honored Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu with the most prestigious, 2014 ACA Presidential Award, at the Annual Convention of ACA held in Honolulu, Hawaii from March 27-30, 2014. Dr. Sandhu's outstanding counseling career as a scholar, educator, and mentor was highlighted with much praise and adoration. The Kentucky Counseling Association initiated a new, “Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu Research and Creative Innovations in Counseling Award” on June 22, 2015, in recognition of Dr. Sandhu’s national and international contributions to the profession of counseling. Briefly, this award is designed to recognize and honor counselors within Kentucky Counseling Association who have conducted high-quality research or developed innovative programs. The results of these elite professionals’ work are of significance and interest to counselors as well as contribute to the expansion of the counseling profession and/or lead to new methods or services for clients.
Dr. Sandhu was honored as the Outstanding Counselor Educator from all the nationwide tenured counselor educators at the annual convention of the Association for Counselor Educators and Supervision held from October 16-20, 2013 in Denver, Colorado. On October 25, 2013, Kentucky Counseling Association honored Dr. Sandhu with its most prestigious, Kearny Campbell Memorial Award. American Counseling Association honored Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu with the most prestigious, 2014 ACA Presidential Award, at the Annual Convention of ACA held in Honolulu, Hawaii from March 27-30, 2014. Dr. Sandhu's outstanding career as a scholar, educator, and mentor was highlighted with much praise and adoration.
The Kentucky Counseling Association initiated a new, “Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu Research and Creative Innovations in Counseling Award” on June 22, 2015, in recognition of Dr. Sandhu’s national and international contributions to the profession of counseling. Briefly, this award is designed to recognize and honor counselors within Kentucky’s organizations that have conducted high-quality research or developed innovative programs.
On May 13, 2015, Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu was honored with a medal and Pravasi Rattan Award by the NRI Welfare Society of India at the Global Achievers Conclave held at Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. It was truly a great occasion to be honored with other distinguished NRI’s from all around the world who made significant and lasting contributions in numerous fields such as academia, medicine, business, law, and politics. Dr. Sandhu was one of the twenty global achievers honored by 23 million persons of Indian origin living abroad. This award is bestowed upon a very few selected professionals for their efforts to build closer links among nations; promote social and humanitarian causes; devote their time and energies to initiatives meant for the welfare of the local communities and for their eminent or outstanding work in their chosen profession.
Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu, Professor and Director of Research, at the Lindsey Wilson College received the Global Achievers Award on October 25, 2018, at the Annual Conclave of Global Achievers held at the House of Commons, British Parliament, London, England. The NRI Welfare Society of India conferred this award on Dr. Sandhu for his eminence and outstanding work in his professional field; philanthropic and charitable work in Punjab, India, and the welfare of the Sikh community in the United States. Dr. Sandhu was one of the 30 recipients selected from 31.5 million Non-Resident Indians living all around the world. Dr. Sandhu also addressed the participants at the House of Commons, the British Parliament, London on the significance and challenges of globalization.
During his lengthy professional career of 35 years, Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu has made more than 250 professional presentations at the local, state, regional, national, and international levels. International presentations have taken Dr. Sandhu to almost 27 countries including, Canada, China, India, France, Greece, Jamaica, Philippines, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, to name a few.
Dr. Sandhu has served on several editorial boards including the Journal of Counseling & Development (the flagship Journal of the American Counseling Association), the Journal of Counseling and Values, Journal of Counselor Education and Supervision, Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, Professional School Counseling, International Journal of the Accelerating Learning and Teaching, Journal of Counseling Research and Practice, Psychological Reports, School Counselor, Journal of Adult Development and Aging, etc. He also edited special issues of various national and international journals. Some of these special issues included, School Violence for the Professional School Counseling; Asian and Pacific Islander Americans for the Journal of the Multicultural Counseling and Development; Suggestopedia and Neurolinguistic Programming and Learning Styles and Suggestopedia, these both special issues were published in the Journal for Accelerative Learning and Teaching
Since January 1986, when Dr. Sandhu joined the American Counseling Association (ACA), he has actively participated in the professional and leadership activities of this world renowned association of more than 58,000 professional members. He has served on ACA's Ethics Committee, Human Rights Committee, Research and Knowledge Committee, and International Committee several times. He also chaired ACA's Research and Knowledge Committee and International Committee twice.
It is worth noting that Dr. Sandhu served on CACREP Executive Board of Directors for five years (1996-2001). While on this board, he also participated actively in developing and revising standards for CACREP accreditation in general and Social and Cultural Diversity in particular. Presently, he is serving on CACREP's visitation team to evaluate interested universities' programs for much desired national recognition through CACREP accreditation.
Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu served as the national president of the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development (2009-2010), a national division of ACA, and started Association of Mental Health Counselors in India, AMHC (India). Since May 4, 2010, Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu has been serving Founding Executive Director of AMHC.
As the Chair of the International Committee of ACA, he has started ACA International Counseling Interest Network which is poised to become the newest and the 21st division of ACA. Currently, there are members of 487 ICIN and 1221 ICIN members are on Facebook. The International Counseling Interest Network (ICIN), proposed and launched by Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu is one of his major lifetime professional accomplishments to validate counseling as a major profession to address mental health challenges worldwide.
The internationalization of professional counseling is truly Dr. Sandhu's signature contribution to ameliorate psychological afflictions of humans throughout the world. Through his publications and cutting-edge research, Dr. Sandhu has become the cynosure of his colleagues and students. The sharp focus of Sandhu's research on the most current issues of social justice, human rights, diversity, equity, and empowerment of marginalized populations have made Dr. Sandhu a popular researcher and scholar. Dr. Sandhu's selection as a Fulbright Senior Research Scholar in 2002, second time again as a Fulbright-Nehru Senior Research Scholar in 2010, and Senior Fulbright-Nehru Research Scholarship Award third time is a clear testimony of Dr. Sandhu's brilliant and illustrious career. While receiving Senior Fulbright Research Scholarship Award even once is considered a matter of great pride, receiving it three times is amazing and rare among the scholars. It is like winning the Triple Crown Trophy in Research and Scholarship.
Dr. Sandhu's contributions to the field of counseling are solid and substantial. Not only in the United States but throughout the world, Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu has established himself as a leader, educator, researcher, and a scholar of a very high caliber. As evidenced through numerous awards, honors, prizes, and accolades, Dr. Sandhu's professional contributions are at par excellence.
Here are some observations made by eminent scholars from the fields of professional counseling and counseling psychology about Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu as a person and as a scholar. Dr. Charles Ridley, Dean for Research and the University Graduate School, Indiana University wrote about Dr. Sandhu: "Reading Dr. Sandhu's autobiographical account, "An eco-cultural analysis of agonies and ecstasies of my life in the Handbook of Multicultural Counseling brings to mind the words of the late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., "Never judge a man by the heights he has ascended, but by the depths from which he has come from."
Dr. Joseph G. Ponterotto, a worldwide leading authority in the area of multiculturalism and the senior editor of the Handbook of Multicultural Counseling (2001): "Impressively, despite challenges and traumas experienced throughout his life, we note in Dr. Sandhu's story a deep sustaining spiritual connection that has assisted him in maintaining a love of life and work. He appears to have found deep meaning in his life experiences that inform and guide his ground-breaking professional work, which includes classic books and journal articles on fighting racial prejudice, gender inequity, and youth violence. He is clearly a renaissance person, a multicultural person (p. 157).
Ponterotto, J.G., Casas, J.M., Suzuki, L.A., & Alexander, C.M. (2001). Handbook of Multicultural Counseling (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
On May 11, 2019, Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu was appointed as the Senior Editor of an international journal called, Journal of the Underrepresented & Minority Progress (JUMP). The Society of Transnational Academic Research Scholars also honored Daya Singh Sandhu as the Fellow of the STAR Scholars Network
In addition to his scholarly activities as a Professor in the field of Counselor Education and Supervision, Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu has played a leading role in his community both in the United States and India. For instance, he is the Founding President of the Sikh Society of Kentucky since 2011. With help from the Sikh community, he established the Sikh Gurudwara (Temple) in Louisville which opened its door on April 14, 2012, for religious services. It was the very first Gurdwara ever opened in the State of Kentucky.
At his native village Gandhran, Punjab, India, Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu and his wife, Usha Sandhu were invited on March 17, 2018 as Chief Guests to perform the opening ceremony of a village library and a small hospital called, Guru Nanak Dev Hospital for the free medical help for the people of their village. All the people of the village enjoyed the refreshments on this occasion as they honored Dr. Sandhu with a memento calling him the most respected son of the village. The whole village and its panchayat, a governing body, thanked Dr. Daya Sandhu and his wife Usha Sandhu for their generosity and congratulated them for the completion of a much- needed library and the hospital.
On September 1, 2021, Dr. Sandhu is appointed to serve on the Binational Board for Fulbright Award to review and recommend applicants for the Senior Fulbright Research Award. Dr. Sandhu has been a Senior Fulbright Research Scholar three times (2002, 2010, 2018) to visit India and Nepal to complete his research projects.
Most recently, the Association of Counselor Education and Supervision has selected Dr. Daya Singh Sandhu as the recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award for his solid and substantial contributions to the field of professional counseling. Dr. Sandhu will be honored on October 9, 2021, in Atlanta at the annual convention of the Association of Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES).
Dr. Isak Kim, Vice-Chair
"Isak Kim, Ph.D. is an assistant professor in the Clinical Mental Health Counseling program at the University of Nebraska – Omaha. His research focuses on interpersonal violence and trauma, youth mental health, and counselor education. He was the recipient of several research grants from academic organizations, such as the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES), American Educational Research Association (AERA), and Korean Counseling Association – International Chapter (KCA-IC), to support his research on various trauma. His clinical background focuses on working with individuals with a history of trauma, internalizing problems, or in crisis. Dr. Kim has worked in a number of counseling settings ranging from university counseling clinics to in-patient psychiatric rehabilitation clinics. Dr. Kim is also committed to multicultural and social justice counseling and expanding educational, cultural, and personal opportunities for marginalized individuals."
Jayna Elizabeth Bonfini, Ph.D.
Dr. Jayna Bonfini has significant research and clinical experience with individuals struggling with various mental health issues, trauma histories, and substance abuse problems. She is a Licensed Professional Counselor, Master Addictions Counselor, Approved Clinical Supervisor, and a Nationally Certified Counselor. Dr. Bonfini has worked in community mental health, a college counseling center, psychiatric hospital programs, justice-involved organizations, and private practice. She also provides consultation to non-profit organizations on program evaluation and outcomes research. Dr. Bonfini is currently an Associate Professor of Counseling at the University of the Cumberlands where she teaches in their CACREP-accredited graduate programs and recently co-edited the second edition of the Casebook for DSM-5: Diagnosis and Treatment Planning. She lives in the Atlanta area with her spouse, two kids, and a Yorkshire Terrier, Leo.
Lisa Vinson, MA, LCPC, CADC, NCC, CCMHC, CCDP, CCTP II, ACSBoard Liaison
Lisa Vinson is a Counselor Educator, Clinical Counselor, consultant, professor, and trainer devoted to providing direct service to individuals experiencing PTSD, and alcohol and substance use issues across the lifespan. Lisa’s work experience has targeted ineffective behaviors, habits, and beliefs around education and mental health in African American communities. She served Chicago’s Southside and far Southside suburban areas for over 20 years with those who have been through severe life stressors. Lisa continues leading multidisciplinary care teams to assist individuals seeking healthy solutions for strengthening interpersonal relationships.
In August 2020, Lisa accepted the position of Assistant Professor and Program Coordinator for the Alcohol and Substance Abuse concentration at the University of Illinois - Springfield. Lisa’s education has advanced her teaching, research, leadership, and advocacy competencies. She prepares counselors-in-training who want to become university professors, clinical supervisors, or industry leaders. Lisa continues to find purpose and fulfillment in private practice with Great Lakes Psychology Group as a clinical counselor. Working with clients keeps her current on new evidence-based therapies and symptomology. She provides counseling with adults suffering from abuse, neglect, trauma, and behavioral difficulties while offering a path forward.
Lisa proudly serves her community. She was recently elected as Trustee for the International Association for Resilience and Trauma Counseling (IARTC), a proposed division of the American Counseling Association, beginning July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2025. In October 2021, she became an advisory board member for the Statewide Citizen’s Committee on Abuse and Neglect – SCCAN (325 ILCS 5/11.7) with a 3-year appointment ending June 30, 2025.
She is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, a Certified Alcohol and Other Drug Counselor, a Co-Occurring Substance Use and Mental Health Disorder Professional-Level I, a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional-Level II, a Certified Complex Trauma Professional-Level I, and an Approved Clinical Supervisor. Lisa also conducts seminars and workshops on various research topics on racial/ethnic identity and trauma-informed care. Lisa has begun to foster new professional collaborations in Springfield, Illinois to support under-served populations.
Lisa Vinson holds a Master of Arts degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Chicago State University. Ms. Vinson will complete her Ph.D. in Counselor Education and Supervision from Northern Illinois University with a defense date of April 2022.
Debra M Perez, PhD, LPCC, BCTP-II, SCPG
Dr. Debra Perez has been treating trauma in minority populations and rural communities in New Mexico as a licensed counselor for over 17 years. She began her career at a community mental health agency working with children through adults, utilizing community supports to assist clients on their path to wellness, self-acceptance, and healing. She then worked in a day treatment program with adolescents transitioning out of treatment foster care or residential treatment, and reintegrating back into their families and navigating probation and the juvenile judicial system. She then opened her own private practice, serving children, teens, adults, and seniors, providing individual, family, and couples therapy. She now provides telebehavioral health services online in a private practice serving rural New Mexico. Dr. Perez is a Board Certified Telebehavioral Health Provider, level two, and holds a special credential in problem gambling treatment and a certification in aromatherapy. She is a coeditor on a telebehavioral health book for counselors and has written chapters on working with children of same gendered parents and transitioning classrooms to the online platform. Dr. Perez is Core Faculty at Liberty University and serves on NM Counselors for Advocacy and Social Justice.
Aisha Warner, LMHC
Aisha Warner is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Qualified Supervisor in Florida. Aisha enjoys working with an ethnically diverse population, specializing in mood concerns, trauma work, women’s issues, and relational challenges. She practices an integrative approach to therapy which includes mindful awareness, trauma-informed yoga, and breath-work that help reintegrate the senses and physiology of the body.
As a holistic psychotherapist, her work is rooted in psychosomatic modalities such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR), Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Attachment Theory, and Polyvagal Theory. Aisha believes that transformation and healing should involve the complete self; emotional, physical, and spiritual.
Aisha is intentional about creating a safe space for all to heal by leveraging inclusive practices and thoughtful reflection. Her goal is to provide those with the tools to gain insight and self-awareness that will foster personal growth and positive change in their lives. She truly believes that everyone has the potential to live their best life and is committed to helping others discover the best version of themselves.
Aisha is currently pursuing her doctoral degree in Counselor Education and Supervision at Auburn University. Her research agenda focuses on cultural competency and sensitivity of faculty and students in the field of counselor education, racial trauma and utilizing integrative modalities arts to foster critical consciousness.
Dr. Aeisha Lee
Dr. Aiesha Lee is a Licensed Professional Counseling (NJ) and has accepted a position as an Assistant Professor at the Pennsylvania State University. She holds a Master of Arts in Counselor Education, with an emphasis in Marriage and Family Therapy. She also holds a PhD in Counselor Education and Supervision from William & Mary where she completed her dissertation on the transmission of the Strong Black Woman narrative and spiritual coping among Black women.
Dr. Lee's research centers and combines her three passions: Black families, trauma, and spirituality. Her research aims to understand the intersection of these phenomena as well as advocate for adequate trauma treatment for communities of color, specifically the Black community. Dr. Lee aims to provide the field with a deeper understanding of intergenerational trauma so that healing from trauma becomes a systemic, rather than just individual, action.
Dr. Lauren E. Downey, LPCC-S, ACS
As a strength-based counselor, I care a great deal about counseling individuals from a holistic approach and helping clients to foster and explore their own posttraumatic growth. From a professional standpoint, I am certain that without a doubt helping individuals overcome their trauma experiences is what I was always meant to do. For the past 10 years, I have built my counseling career around helping individuals from all walks of life process and make meaning of their trauma experiences. As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and Supervisor (LPCC-S) and a nationally certified trauma-focused cognitive behavioral counselor that has provided intensive in-home counseling to children I deeply understand how traumatizing life experiences can truly alter an individual’s quality of life and mental health. Over the years, I have counseled individuals in many settings, however, following the completion of my doctorate degree in counselor education and supervision, my passion for counseling individuals who have experienced trauma grew into the establishment that is known as the Trauma-Informed Counseling Center (TICC). My private practice opened in December of 2018. Upon beginning my private practice there were no other counselors working at TICC. Today, TICC is comprised of 17 clinical providers who are working every day to meet the varying and co-occurring mental health needs of individuals. The mission of TICC is to provide meaningful therapeutic services and treatments to individuals in an inclusive environment. As a member of the IARTC Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Social Justice committee, my hope is that I can do my part to help advance the pedagogy, advocacy, and research related to issues of diversity, equity, inclusion, understanding, empathy, social justice, and human rights. It is also my hope that IARTC can strive to provide meaningful and helpful educational information that meet the needs of all our wonderful members.
Alisha Guthery, MA, LMHC, CATP
Alisha Guthery is a licensed mental health counselor and doctoral student in the Counselor Educator and Supervision program at Antioch University, Seattle. Primary interests include trauma recovery, understanding violence, the impact of violence on cultures and society, and the structures of power that maintain violence. Ms. Guthery works with both victims and abusers of violence, and her accomplishments include developing and implementing domestic violence programs for incarcerated women and youth offenders. Ms. Guthery has presented on domestic violence at the Washington Counselor Association, American Psychological Association, and the Association for Women in Psychology. Publications include two articles on the subject of transnational feminism and domestic violence.
Hazell Imbert (she/her/ella) is a bilingual mental health counselor. Hazell holds a Bachelor’s degree in Forensic Psychology from The College of Saint Rose and a Master’s degree in Forensic Mental Health Counseling from John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Since 2017, she has worked with English and Spanish speaking survivors of interpersonal violence, including survivors of domestic violence, trafficking, and sexual assault. Hazell is interested in and is passionate about working with marginalized communities including undocumented immigrants, people of color, and the LGBTQ+ community.
Hazell Imbert (she/her/ella) es una consejera bilingüe. Hazell tiene la licenciatura en Psicología Forense de The College of Saint Rose e hizo su Maestría en Consejería de la Salud Mental con un enfoque forense en John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Desde el 2017, ella ha trabajado con sobrevivientes de la violencia interpersonal, incluyendo sobrevivientes de la violencia domestica, el trafico humano, y la violencia sexual. A Hazell le interesa y se siente apasionada de trabajar con comunidades marginalizadas incluyendo a los inmigrantes indocumentados, personas de color, y la comunidad LGBTQ+. | <urn:uuid:7c4f0c4b-ca96-4431-8c53-07ba12207a0c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ga.iartc.org/team-4-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.942561 | 6,263 | 1.945313 | 2 |
If you’re a runner, you know the importance of having dependable shoes, as well as when to replace your shoes before they start hurting your feet. Since constant contact with pavement and gravel can deteriorate a shoe’s sole, in this article, we will be going over when it’s time to finally replace your running shoes before they cause you injury.
Midsole cushioning is made out of ethylene vinyl acetate, or EVA for short. This part of your shoes comes into the most contact with the road or trail you’re running on and determines the lifespan of your shoes. However, on average, a midsole should be able to last about 500 miles. Your best bet is to log your miles, so when you hit the 500 mile mark, you know to retire your weary shoes. However, you can just as easily estimate your miles so you know how far in advance you need to order yourself a new pair of running shoes.
You’re in Pain
If you feel fatigued, are in pain, or have shin splints, you may need to buy yourself a new pair of shoes. Once your shoe loses its cushioning, it can cause pain in your joints, as well as your knees, that can deteriorate your run. These indicators are the largest red flags that you need new shoes, which you should purchase before going on another run.
At some point or another, runners deal with blisters on their ankles, heels, or feet. Most of the time, your socks are the problem and you should try wearing moisture-wicking ones to prevent your feet blistering when you run. However, if you’re still getting blisters despite your socks, your shoes may no longer fit correctly. As much as this could be a sizing issue or your feet may have grown, the seam of your shoes may be deteriorating to the point it’s causing you injury. If this is the case, it’s time to buy yourself a new pair of running shoes.
Recent studies have shown that comfort is crucial when runner select which shoes to buy for their next race. Professional athletes know that every part of your shoe should feel as natural as your own foot. However, if you notice your shoe acting up or it feels the slightest bit of discomfort, it may be worth looking into a new shoe to use. Remember, when you’re buying a new shoe, walk around the store wearing it to make sure it’s as comfortable as you want it before you pull out your wallet.
Wear and Tear
Shoes are made to get dirty, but if they look super worn, it may be time to give them the toss. Here are a few signs that your shoes have noticeable wear and tear, and should be retired for good:
- Worn out soles
- Stretched out heels
- Seams falling apart
Another common sign that your shoes should be retired is that your treads are beyond repair, along with your soles. As soon as the soles go, they’re not worth running with, since they could end up causing your injury. However, you can still save them to paint your house or mow the lawn.
They Fail the Twist Test
Once you get your running shoes, perform the twist test by twisting both ends of your shoe, they shouldn’t give, but they should feel firm. An old shoe should twist easily, which means it’s time to replace them.
A New Pair Feels Better
Expert researchers suggest that runners should use two pairs of running shoes and rotate them among training and races. This way, once the older pair feels uncomfortable compared to the newer pair, you know it’s time to replace it. The biggest giveaway should be the cushioning, which should feel much better in the newer pair of running shoes.
Tips For Making Your Running Shoes Last Longer
It may seem like a hassle to have to replace your running shoes so often. Here are a few tips you can use to extend the life of your current running shoes.
1. Only wear your running shoes when you are running. Resist the urge to leave them on in the house or throw them on when you are heading out to the grocery. Though they may be comfortable, this will cause them to wear down before they should.
2. Take off your shoes correctly. Most of us take off our shoes by using one foot to shove down the heel of the other shoe. This, however, can damage your shoes. Instead, unlace each shoe and use your hands to take them off. This simple action will pay off in the long term.
3. Don’t let them sit in extreme temperatures. Both extremely high and extremely low temperatures can have a negative effect on your running shoes. This can cause extra strain on them and harm them.
4. If you need to wash your shoes, do not put them in the dryer. Doing this can cause the materials that make up the shoes to prematurely break down. Putting your shoes in the dryer is also incredibly noisy. Avoid the dryer at all cost. Instead, rinse off your shoes and use a brush to scrub off any dirt or grime. Use a towel to dry off any excess water. Then, stuff the inside with newspaper and let them air dry the rest of the way. | <urn:uuid:36de7f45-6c60-4a76-9ed9-9681549474fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kicksguide.com/when-to-replace-running-shoes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.958284 | 1,117 | 1.875 | 2 |
Restricting calories and getting aerobic exercise may result in a loss of 10 pounds over two weeks, but it’s not a realistic goal for everyone -- it's downright impossible for some. Calories must be severely reduced, which may not be feasible, and isn't a "natural" way to lose weight. You’ll also need a regular regimen of aerobic exercise to increase the odds of success. Because losing 10 pounds in only 14 days requires an extreme diet and could have negative health effects, it's better to revise your goals and take longer to shed the weight. Before attempting any weight loss diet, talk with your physician first to be sure it's safe for your health.
You'll Naturally Lose Water Weight First
In the first week of a strict diet, you’ll lose water weight from two sources -- water retained throughout your body and water associated with carbs stored in muscles. The amount of weight lost from retained water varies from one person to the next. If your diet normally includes a lot of salt, you’ll probably lose more water than someone who normally follows a low-sodium diet.
Muscles store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen, and every molecule of glycogen is bound to water. As you use glycogen for energy, this water is released, and you’ll lose 3 to 5 pounds of water weight.
Just remember that water associated with glycogen is essential for muscles, so you will eventually regain those pounds. By comparison, water retained because of a high-salt diet or other medical condition isn’t necessary or healthy. As you return to a normal diet, you can minimize water retention by avoiding high-sodium foods, including canned products, salted snacks, smoked or processed meats, and some seasonings such as soy sauce.
Calorie Reduction to Lose 10 Pounds in Two Weeks
If you lose 5 pounds of water weight, you’re left with 5 more pounds to lose by cutting calories. But keep in mind that everyone doesn't lose the same amount of water, and people who only carry 10 or 15 extra pounds of fat will have a harder time losing weight quickly. Since it takes 3,500 calories to equal 1 pound, you'll need to shave 1,250 calories from your daily diet to lose 5 pounds in two weeks. Whether you can go that low in calories depends on the amount consumed before starting the diet.
Men and women who need to consume 2,450 calories or more to maintain their current weight can safely eliminate 1,250 calories because they’ll still get the 1,200 calories needed to sustain basic metabolism. Be aware if you end up with 1,000 calories or less after you subtract 1,250 calories from your present intake. A low-calorie diet -- 1,200 calories per day for women and 1,600 daily for men -- is safe for most people for a limited time, reports the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. But don't forget that if you drop calories below those lower limits, your metabolic rate slows down, and it's harder to lose weight.
A diet of 800 calories or fewer must be supervised by a doctor because of the risks of nutrient deficiencies and other side effects. People following this type of very low-calorie diet usually use meal replacements rather than regular food, which isn’t a natural diet.
It goes without saying that if you don’t lose any water weight, you’d have to depend on calorie restriction to drop an entire 10 pounds in two weeks time. That translates into reducing the daily diet by 2,500 calories -- an amount that’s impossible for most people to safely eliminate.
Support Weight Loss With Aerobic Exercise
An exercise plan to strengthen and build muscles is important when you're trying to lose weight, because it helps prevent muscle loss. But when the goal is to drop pounds in a short amount of time, you also need some aerobic exercise, because it burns more calories and facilitates more weight loss than strength training. If you can commit to an hour of aerobic exercise daily, you may be able to add the calories burned back into the daily diet, which helps keep you out of the dangerously low calorie range.
However, keep in mind that when you're drastically cutting calories, your energy levels may be low, which makes it tough to exercise. When you have a more sensible goal of 1 to 2 pounds lost per week, you can eat more calories and support both aerobic exercise and strength training for maintaining and building your lean muscle mass.
The number of calories burned during aerobics depend on your weight and how long you exercise. Thirty minutes of swimming, rowing, running, cycling, high-impact aerobics and jumping rope burns 210 to 300 calories in a 125-pound person, reports the Harvard Medical School. For someone weighing 185 pounds, a half-hour of the same activities uses 311 to 444 calories.
Weight Loss Diet Plan
Creating a well-balanced meal plan puts you on a path that’s easier to follow beyond the initial two-week diet. If you have any questions about creating a healthy low-calorie menu, consult a registered dietitian. Otherwise, fill 1/2 of your plate with veggies and fruits, 1/4 with protein and the remaining 1/4 with whole grains. Keep your energy up with complex carbs such as beans and whole grains. Eat lots of vegetables, and for lean protein, enjoy fish, skinless poultry, lean beef, eggs, soy products and quinoa.
You could also consider following a very low-carbohydrate diet, which limits carbohydrate intake to less than 50 grams daily, noted a review in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition in August 2013. Low-carb diets are effective for weight loss, because they increase the amount of fat burned for energy, but researchers disagree about whether they’re more effective than severely restricting calories. The downside to following a low-carb diet is that the first few days are sometimes marked by headache and fatigue, which you may not want to tolerate for a short-term diet. Pregnant women, people with kidney disease and anyone with osteoporosis should check with their doctor before starting a very low-carb diet.
Trying to lose 10 pounds in two weeks is not healthy, and you'll probably gain back most, if not all, of the weight. Such drastic calorie reduction -- and the lack of adequate carbs and protein -- damages muscles and organs as they break down so the body can produce glucose for your brain. You'll have better weight loss success if you eat a minimum of 1,200 to 1,600 calories daily, include adequate carbs and proteins in your diet, and stretch your diet out over five weeks so you can lose at the more sustainable rate of 2 pounds a week. | <urn:uuid:f6bb192d-a34c-4c6e-8993-e5d6fd1f986b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.livestrong.com/article/231673-how-to-lose-10-pounds-in-2-weeks-naturally/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00358-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946595 | 1,394 | 2.4375 | 2 |
8 Women Environmentalists Who Are Saving the Planet
Women Who Are Saving the Earth
8 stories (& doodles) of awesome women environmentalists
Berta Cáceres was an environmental activist and a Lenca indigenous leader in Honduras. She was the co-founder and coordinator of the Council of Popular and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras, an organization that provides resources and education to rural indigenous populations across the country. In 2006, she worked with the Council and the Lenca community to oppose the construction of hydroelectric dams that would threaten the indigenous peoples' access to water, food, and medicine. The community actions and protests lasted for 10 years, with protesters regularly removed, imprisoned, and even attacked. Berta was assassinated in her home in 2016.
Jane Goodall is a British zoologist and anthropologist best known for conducting a 60-year study of wild chimpanzees in Tanzania in which she identified family dynamics and social interactions amongst the animals that closely mirrored human nature. She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute, a global wildlife and conservation organization, and the Roots & Shoots organization, which connects students of all ages to work together on conservation issues. Jane is also a UN Messenger of Peace, promoting the work of the UN as an ambassador for nearly 20 years.
Winona LaDuke is a Native American environmentalist, economist, and writer who is known for her work preserving tribal lands in the United States. She is the executive director and co-founder of Honor the Earth, an organization that supports Indigenous environmental justice and was at the forefront of the Dakota Access Pipeline protests. Winona also operates a 40-acre industrial hemp farm and is an advocate for the potential of hemp to decrease the reliance of the American economy on fossil fuels.
Vandana Shiva is an Indian scholar and environmental activist. She is often referred to as "Gandhi of grain," a reference to her activism around food sovereignty. Her work in agriculture was inspired by the 1984 Bhopal disaster, a gas leak at a pesticide plant that exposed over 500,000 people to highly toxic gasses and resulted in thousands of deaths. Vandana advocates for seed freedom (rejecting corporate patenting of seeds) and against GMOs. She is also a founding councilor of the World Future Council, which is an independent caucus that advocates for policy that supports climate security.
Greta Thunberg is a Swedish environmental activist who initially gained notice in 2018 for initiating the School Strike for the Climate movement by spending her school days sitting outside of the Swedish Parliament. She inspired students to enact similar protests in their own communities, which eventually became the Fridays for Future or School Strike for Climate (SS4C) movement. Greta has spoken at various UN climate events, the World Economic Forum, the European Parliament, and the legislatures of Italy, France, the UK, and the US.
Sunita Narain is an Indian environmentalist and political activist. She is the director of the Centre for Science and Environment, a research and advocacy organization, and has been with the organization since 1982. In her tenure with the Centre, she has built the financial and managerial infrastructure for the programs and their over 100 staff members. Under her leadership, the Centre has exposed the high level of pesticides present in American brands of soft drinks like Coke and Pepsi, and continues to investigate food adulteration and consumer product safety.
Wangari Maathai was a Kenyan environmental and political activist. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Nairobi in Kenya, becoming the first woman in East and Central Africa to become a Doctor of Philosophy. She founded the Green Belt Movement, a grassroots organization focused on environmental conservation through the planting of trees, which in turn provides fuel for cooking, combats deforestation, curbs soil erosion, and educates and empowers women in rural areas to gain skills and generate income. She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 for her work, becoming the first African woman to win the award. Wangari passed away in 2011 due to complications from ovarian cancer.
Rachel Carson was an American marine biologist, author, and conservationist who is widely credited with catalyzing the modern global environmental movement. Her 1962 book Silent Spring warned of the negative impact that dangerous chemical pesticides have on the environment, and brought environmental concerns to a wider American audience than ever before. Rachel's research and advocacy led to policy and activism that eventually led to the creation of the US environmental Protection Agency.
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Meet a brand new woman in history or politics every week - delivered straight to your inbox! For girl power enthusiasts of all ages. | <urn:uuid:742d06d6-ab50-46f0-b8e1-85998dc03f33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://feministdoodles.com/blogs/news/women-environmentalists | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.959821 | 1,016 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Understanding the Differences between Primary and Secondary data
Data collection is an important part of market research. Whether for understanding complex issues or answering questions and for hypothesis testing, researchers need to collect data. The data they collect for the purpose of research can be either primary or secondary data based on the source from which it was obtained. One primary difference between primary and secondary data is that while primary data is first-hand, secondary data is second-hand data.
In this post, we will highlight the most important differences between primary and secondary data.
Primary Data Definition:
Primary data means the first-hand data gathered by the researcher himself specifically for a study. It is also known as first-hand or raw data. The process of obtaining primary data can be a lot more complex than secondary data, apart from being time-consuming and labor intensive, and costly. However, in a large number of situations, the study cannot be carried out without gathering primary data. Specifically when you are trying to address a new situation or issue which has not been investigated previously. Primary data collection is carried out using mainly three methods: observational research, surveys, and experimental research.
Secondary Data Definition:
Secondary data or second-hand data is already available to the researcher and may not require further processing, unlike primary data. The secondary data may not be directly related to the problem the researcher is trying to investigate. It can be readily accessed from public databases or other similar sources. However, despite being second-hand data, secondary data can be reliable in most cases. It can also be less costly to obtain and process because of its easy availability. While secondary data collection is more affordable than primary data, the problem is that it may not completely meet the researcher’s need in a specific situation since another researcher collected it for a different purpose. Therefore, it might be useful only to a limited extent and may partially support the research process.
Main differences between primary and secondary data:
|Primary Data||Secondary Data|
|First hand data||Second hand data|
|Can be used with confidence||May require further analysis to derive conclusive results.|
|More reliable since collected for a specific purpose.||May be collected for a different purpose and therefore less suitable or reliable for a different study.|
|Can be expensive.||More affordable compared to primary data.|
|Available in crude form||Available in refined form|
Primary data is first-hand data or data collected for the first time for a specific purpose. Once it has been used in research and results published, it becomes secondary data if used for another study. There are primarily three methods of primary data collection – observational research, surveys, and experimental research. Moreover, since primary data is collected for the first time, it is original data. Sources of primary data include surveys, observations, experiments, questionnaires, personal interviews, etc.
Secondary data is second-hand data that is obtained from existing sources of data or based on research that has been conducted previously. Sources of secondary data include government databases, government websites, books, journals, internal records, etc. the internet itself is a vast repository of secondary data. You can search for secondary data online easily and apart from sources of scholarly literature there are several databases including government and private sources that offer reliable secondary data in a highly refined format. You can search for related research easily using google scholar or other reliable resources like Jstor, Proquest, or other similar databases including university and college databases.
The researcher is usually more confident about using the primary data he has collected compared to the secondary data. The reason that one can easily rely upon primary data is that it has been collected from subjects directly for a specific purpose. On the other hand, secondary data cannot be used with as much confidence. It is because the secondary data was collected by some other researcher for some other purpose. In order to derive conclusive results from secondary data, the researcher may need to analyze and process it to make it usable for his specific purpose. Since the secondary data was specifically collected for another study, even if similar, it cannot be as suitable as primary data for the specific study under consideration.
The process of collecting primary data can be considerably expensive as compared to secondary data which may be readily available from various sources like public databases. One may need to invest in human resources and pay for the various channels he uses for collecting primary data. Apart from that, collecting primary data may take more time as compared to collecting secondary data. The process can be lengthier in the case of primary data when compared to secondary data.
Primary data is generally available in crude form and the researcher needs to refine it to make it usable and presentable. However, secondary data is available in a refined format like tables and graphs. Despite its disadvantages over primary data, secondary data can be highly useful in certain circumstances because of its availability and affordability.
Especially, when the time required to complete the research is limited, the researcher may need to rely more on resources that offer secondary data rather than collecting primary data in vast amounts. Apart from that, secondary data collection is also more economic compared to primary data. However, when it comes to originality and reliability, primary data is indisputably the more reliable choice and will provide more reliable results. | <urn:uuid:18d3b7bd-43f1-4e12-a72e-8dfb3032344e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.notesmatic.com/primary-versus-secondary-data/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.947884 | 1,075 | 3.765625 | 4 |
Robert Morris gets a good look at the buzzer
The Mikan Drill can be found on Twitter @TheMikanDrill
With just under one second left, Robert Morris needed a 3 to tie the game and send it into a second overtime. With the officials at the monitor to determine the amount of time left on the clock, coach Andrew Toole quickly drew up a play that got them an open look, yet fell short.
With this much time on the clock, fouling is a dicey strategy because the offense is going to catch and shoot and a foul could result in 3 free throws. However, the offense has to be cognizant of the fact that the defense might foul and design a play to work around this.
Many plays in this situation are designed to get the shooter coming toward the ball but these plays are often the easiest to defend. The defense is designed to stop the action coming toward the ball but are susceptible to being beaten on the weak side of the court (illustrated by Depaul here). It’s why this play was so successful and nearly gave us a second overtime.
The play is designed for Russell Johnson (green square). Robert Morris starts with some dummy action toward the ball to get the defense shading that way, before setting a fade screen for Johnson to the far side of the court. The offensive player coming up from the block is designed to get several of the defenders focused on him, taking their eyes off of Johnson.
You can see that all three defenders are shaded toward Gary Wallace, which lets Johnson get open on the far side of the court. Johnson’s defender switched the screen but Wallace’s defender was a step behind by the time he realized where Johnson was heading.
The defender closes on Johnson but he has made the catch and gets a pretty good look at the basket based on the situation. You can’t really ask for much more than that considering the amount of time left on the clock.
The key is the flash by Wallace, who draws the attention of three defenders as he comes to the top of the key. The defense has to respect players coming to the ball and it leaves them vulnerable for players fading to the far side. This allowed Johnson to get open and get a solid look at a look that would have tied the game. Very nice play drawn up in a short amount of time by Coach Toole.
I really like using the misdirection and sending a player away from the ball to try to get open in these situations. The defense is usually crowded on the ball side and it can be tough to find an open space. This requires a much tougher pass but it results in a higher probability of an open look. | <urn:uuid:b3c1bd72-248d-4e1d-8438-0085bb34ed5e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://tlorc.wordpress.com/2011/03/10/robert-morris-gets-a-good-look-to-tie-the-game/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00482-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970654 | 553 | 1.742188 | 2 |
If AI will be able to learn from us what exactly emotions are and how to use them they will develop their own judgement and emotional level.In terms of looks they can already look just like humans and they can imitate emotions. Now they just have to learn how to use them themselves and to write their own objective as in creating their own conscious.
It is clear that all living organisms have genetic information that dictates its existence and manifestations (behavioral, intellectual, emotional, etc). If we create machines that contain the information to possess those attributes, then they too, can possess human and super-human abilities through the investment of resources into such abilities. I think that we should invest more into modifying human DNA to re-program humans and use technology to aide that process but never to advance machines to human level because we then place our mercy on the will of machines. Bad Idea.
If the all-famous moores law were to continue after artificial intelligence established itself, as it likely would, it would probably become the evolution of artificial intelligence. The lack of human emotion would then cease to be an unfortunate fact for the AI, it would be an evolutionary obstacle. If an AI were to observe and try to mimic human behavior, it could possibly create a basic algorithm for producing an emotional reaction. To get an AI that understands emotion at the same level that humans do, you must get an AI many times more intelligent than a human, which would be able of conceiving the concept of emotion when nothing of the sort existed within its memories. Being entirely theoretical, an AI could find a way to probe inside a human mind, map it out, and program emotional lobes into its own sentience. Scientists are already mapping out different parts of the mind.
Artificial Intelligence will one day be able to mirror human judgment and emotions. They are already starting to test how to process the judgment. It my be all calculated with the risk versus reward in mind, but that is what humans do in every situation as well. If you told my grandparents when they were 20 that a computer would be able to fit on a small desk or in your lap, they wouldn't believe you. I feel we may not know exactly how to do it yet but as technology progresses we will be able to.
Aside from my fears for singularity, but I am fully confident that computers/AI/ASI/AGNI WILL NEVER use the emotions fully. We had already enough skills to understand every emotions. We cannot write a code that fully uses emotions as we do. It is every brainpower needed for our mastery. Computers can't have that brainpower.
I have a hard time believing that artificial intelligence can be equal to humans in judgment and emotions. I believe there are too many things we do not understand about ourselves for us to do this. I think we can come very close, but if we can't program it, it is doubtful it will happen.
No one will ever be able to write a piece of code that can equally use human emotions effectively. Human emotions are hard enough for humans to master and lets face it a lot of us still have not figured it all out. I do not believe that judgment will be possible either without the emotional side of artificial intelligence.
The things that computers can do is growing everyday. Computer ability will dwarf human abilities in more ways than not. One area that computers and AI will not rival humans is the area of emotion. It will be possible I suspect for AI to do highly believable facsimiles of emotions but a machine will never have emotions because emotions are a by product of biological evolution. | <urn:uuid:14758796-d03b-48a9-b46d-6fed98465b87> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.debate.org/opinions/do-you-think-artificial-intelligence-can-ever-be-equal-to-humans-in-judgement-and-emotions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00446-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970106 | 730 | 2.859375 | 3 |
According to the new market research report “Low Temperature Powder Coatings Market by Substrate (Non-metal, Metal), Resin (Polyester, Epoxy, Hybrid), End-use Industry (Furniture, Appliances, Automotive, Retail, Medical), & Region – Global Forecast to 2025″, published by MarketsandMarkets™, the global Low Temperature Powder Coatings Market size is projected to grow from USD 3.4 million in 2020 to USD 3.9 million by 2025, at a CAGR of 3.2%.
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The growth of this market is attributed to the continued growth of the furniture industry, which is the largest consumer of low temperature powder coatings. Metal and non-metal are the two types of substrates for the application of low-temperature powder coatings. Non-metal substrates include wood, plastics, glass, and composites.
The non-metal segment is estimated to account for the largest share of the Low Temperature Powder Coatings Market, by substrate, during the forecast period.
Non-metal substrate dominates the global low temperature powder coatings market. Low temperature powder coating can be used to coat many non-metallic substrates such as wood & MDF, plastics, glass, and composites. Compared to liquid paints, powder coating is known for strong adhesion, excellent durability, and the absence of runs and low VOCs during application. Low temperature powder coatings technology enables the coating of non-conductive and non-metallic substrates by using a low-cost surface treatment that does not emit VOCs or other hazardous by-products.
The hybrid segment is estimated to account for the largest share of the Low Temperature Powder Coatings Market, by resin, during the forecast period.
Hybrid resin dominates the global low temperature powder coatings market. Hybrid resins combine epoxy resin with polyester resin to form a powder with many of the same characteristics as the epoxies. They are used primarily for indoor applications. Epoxy-polyester hybrid exhibits some of the best transfer efficiencies of all thermoset powder coatings. In some cases, they may be as flexible as epoxy types but lose some hardness and chemical resistance because of the polyester component.
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The furniture end-use segment is estimated to be the largest in the Low Temperature Powder Coatings Market during the forecast period.
The furniture industry accounted for the largest share, in terms of value, of the low temperature powder coatings market in 2019. Low temperature powder coatings have gained significant importance as a surface protectant of choice in the furniture industry. They are used for the surface finishing of steel and aluminum, such as garden furniture, contract furniture, site furnishings, and for MDF furniture. One of the biggest advancements in the furniture industry is the use of engineered wood materials, such as MDF. It is very suitable for low temperature powder coating because of its low porosity and homogeneous surface.
Low Temperature Powder Coatings Market in Europe is expected to account for the largest share during the forecast period.
Europe is the world’s largest low temperature powder coatings market, with the US being the dominant market in the region. The increasingly stringent regulations regarding the use of low/no VOC coatings and the switching of coating technologies may impact the demand for low temperature powder coatings. The low temperature powder coatings market in Europe is expected to grow fastest due to the presence of major players and technological advancements in the region. The economic slowdown has affected most of the industries in Europe, but the demand for low temperature powder coatings has not been impacted much and is estimated to increase slowly with a growing realization about yearly cost savings with this technology.
There are a large number of end-users in the low temperature powder coatings market and a limited number of coating manufacturers. The presence of major furniture manufacturers, such as IKEA, that actively use these coatings has supported the growth of the market over the past few years.
Major players operating in the low temperature powder coatings market are PPG Industries, Inc. (US), Sherwin-Williams Company (US), AkzoNobel N.V. (Netherlands), Axalta Coating Systems LLC (US), and Tiger Coatings GmbH (Austria).
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Browse Adjacent Markets: Chemical Market Research Reports & Consulting
1. Paints and Coatings Market – Global Forecast to 2025
By Resin (Acrylic, Alkyd, Epoxy, Polyurethane, Polyester), Technology (Waterborne, Solventborne, Powder), Application (Architectural [Residential, Non-residential], Industrial), and Region
2. Powder Coatings Market – Global Forecast to 2025
By Resin Type (Thermoset and Thermoplastic), Coating Method (Electrostatic Spray, Fluidized Bed), End-Use Industry (Appliances, Automotive, General Industrial, Architectural, Furniture), and Region | <urn:uuid:3ada685d-13fb-4aa6-ba43-50be98d8da0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://roboticulized.com/latest-news/2020/11/11/42638/low-temperature-powder-coatings-market-worth-3-9-million-by-2025-exclusive-report-by-marketsandmarkets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.917574 | 1,193 | 1.820313 | 2 |
(2) "Design-assist services" means monitoring and assisting in the completion of the plans and specifications.
(3) "Design-assist firm" means a person capable of providing design-assist services.
(5) "General contracting" means constructing and managing an entire public improvement project, including the branches or classes of work specified in division (B) of this section, under the award of a single aggregate lump sum contract.
(6) "General contracting firm" means a person capable of performing general contracting.
(B) Except for contracts made with a construction manager at risk, with a design-build firm, or with a general contracting firm, an officer, board, or other authority of the state, a county, township, municipal corporation, or school district, or of any public institution belonging thereto, authorized to contract for the erection, repair, alteration, or rebuilding of a public building, institution, bridge, culvert, or improvement and required by law to advertise and receive bids for furnishing of materials and doing the work necessary for the erection thereof, shall require separate and distinct bids to be made for furnishing such materials or doing such work, or both, in their discretion, for each of the following branches or classes of work to be performed, and all work kindred thereto, entering into the improvement:
(1) Plumbing and gas fitting;
(2) Steam and hot-water heating, ventilating apparatus, and steam-power plant;
(3) Electrical equipment.
Amended by 129th General AssemblyFile No.28, HB 153, §101.01, eff. 9/29/2011.
Effective Date: 03-18-1999 . | <urn:uuid:5003a8ff-728e-4c1a-9546-8d5a797056f6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/153.50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00042-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923927 | 351 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Maillefer is the global leader in wire, cable, pipe and tube production technologies. The company is strongly present in all markets worldwide. Today the company’s portfolio includes over 50 technologies. With 22 patent families, with the most technology innovations and patents in the industry.
Maillefer was seeking an efficient solution for presenting their clients their newest technology. The large size of the lines makes it challenging for them to visualise the products at exhibitions.
Glue solved this by creating a set of beautiful interactive virtual spaces with interactive Maillefer lines for their guests to explore.
Built on top of Glue’s scalable multi-user platform this solution provides a cost-efficient and unique way to visualise the high-technology concepts without the need for transporting the physical products to exhibitions. Not only does this provide Maillefer a new innovative way to present their products, but it also works as a space for interactive conversations with clients.
Watch Maillefer’s Tapani Savolainen (Plant Definition Consultant) go through his experiences using Glue. | <urn:uuid:5e57a5e3-213e-4c2e-a20e-90d965ace20b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.glue.work/2020/10/14/glue-customer-showcase-maillefer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.927287 | 222 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Evangelicals and the Way of Salvation
New Challenges to the Gospel: Universalism, and Justification by Faith
Whether in this land of pitchers, plates, diamonds and strikes I can make a point by talking of English cricket I do not know. But I am going to try.
Half-way through the afternoon of Monday, July 20, 1981, in Leeds, Yorkshire, England was in trouble. It was the fourth day of the third of six five-day test matches against Australia. The first had been lost, the second drawn, and this, the third, now seemed doomed. The seventh player in England's second inning had just been dismissed with the score at 135; this was still 92 runs behind Australia's first inning total of 401, and only three more Englishmen remained to bat, while Australia had an entire second inning still to come. In cricket the batsmen (whom you may call strikers if you prefer) operate in pairs, and as the new man walked to the wicket, his partner, Ian Botham, who had so far scored 23, went to meet him. The following dialogue then took place, in the idiom that you might call sportsman's swagger. Botham: "You don't fancy hanging around on this wicket for a day and a half, do you?" New batsman: "No way." Botham: "Right; come on, let's give it some humpty." Which they did, hitting the ball all over the field to such good effect that, incredibly, England's score rose to 356, with Botham making 149, before the last man was out. Australia
was then dismissed for less than the 129 runs needed to win, and an apparently inevitable defeat had been turned into a famous victory, vividly illustrating the truth that attack is the best form of defence.1
I tell you that story so as to tune you in to the fact that, as I see it, the subject area that I have been given requires that, like Botham, I too give it a bit of humpty, and attack. Truths that seem to me vital are threatened, and to reaffirm them effectively I shall have to hit out not only at non-evangelicals, but at some of my evangelical brothers too. I have no wish to hurt anyone's feelings, but I must take a risk on that, for my judgment is that on matters so grave only forthright statement can be appropriate or adequate. So prepare for strong words.
First, I would like to make clear where I come from. I speak out of a heritage that is several centuries old, namely the theological approach that is rooted in the two tenets once singled out by Melanchthon as the foundation-principles of the Reformation. The first foundation principle is the formal one, namely the authority of the Scriptures, or more fully, their sufficiency for all questions of faith, life, and action of the authoritative, God-breathed, self-interpreting biblical canon, which the Holy Spirit opens our minds and enlightens our hearts to understand. The second foundation-principle, the substantial one, is justification by faith only, or more fully, our entire and final acceptance by God, here and now, on Christ's account, through the faith that in self-despair and a sense of guilt, shame, weakness, and spiritual hunger looks to Jesus Christ in conscious trust to worship and
serve him as our sin-bearing Savior. I shall shortly focus attention on the second of these principles, but I see a need at the outset to state my methodology in a clear and sharp-edged way, for I think it is a lack of clarity here that produces the erosions of belief elsewhere on which I have to comment.
I begin, then, by affirming, with Reformed theology generally, that acceptance of all that Scripture teaches, and a refusal either to add to it or subtract from it in our thinking about God, and the absolutizing of it as our interpretative framework for understanding everything else, is categorically necessary, for two reasons.
The first reason is that the fallen human mind, biased and warped as it is, more or less, by the universal anti-God syndrome called sin, fails to form and own and retain within itself true notions about the Creator drawn from general revelation, whether in the order and course of the world, our own created makeup, or the workings of natural conscience. God's general revelation of himself, though genuinely given to all, is correctly received by none. Scripture makes this point by speaking of our human minds as darkened and blinded, and of our hearts as hardened.2
The second reason is that regenerate believers, to whom the Spirit interprets the Scriptures, are nonetheless still prone to lapse intellectually into the world's ways of thinking, just as sometimes they lapse morally into the world's ways of behaving, and so they need constant critical correction and redirection by the Word of God.
The reality of spiritual darkness in all minds was recognized by none of the subjectivist theologians of the Enlightenment and the Romantic movement, whatever spot on the spectrum that links
rationalism and mysticism each occupied; and nowadays it is hard to get even evangelicals to take it seriously. But the Bible acting as judge and guide is a cognitive necessity for benighted sinners like ourselves, and evangelicals no less than others must learn to suspect themselves when they find themselves embracing innovations and modifications of view that reflect in a direct way the secular culture around them. To fall victim to secular philosophy and ideology has been a characteristic Protestant vice for three centuries, and it is one from which evangelicals are by no means free. To be an avowed Bible-believer is no guarantee that one's interpretation of the Bible will always be right, or that secularist distortions will never invade one's mind to discolor one's thoughts. We affirm this, pontifically enough, with regard to (for instance) Jehovah's Witnesses; we need humbly to remember that we face the same danger also.
How then may we avoid subjectivist eccentricity in our own biblical interpretation? The first necessity is precision in handling texts. The canon that God in his wisdom gave us is a miscellany of occasional writings, each anchored in a particular sociocultural milieu and grammatical-historical exegesis. To discover what each passage meant as a message about God written on his behalf to a particular envisaged readership, must be our first step. But then, in order to determine what meaning God has for us in this historical material, we must go on to an a posteriori theological analysis and application according to the analogy of Scripture. By theological analysis, I mean seeing what truths impact our lives today. When I say that this analysis and application must be
a posteriori, I mean that nothing must be read into texts that cannot be read out of them. When I say that it must be faithful, I mean that nothing taught by any text may be disregarded or left unapplied. When I speak of the analogy of Scripture, I am refering to the traditional procedures of letting one part of Scripture throw light on another that deals with the same subject, and of maintaining internal theological coherence by interpreting ambiguous passages in harmony with unambiguous ones, and of allowing things that define themselves as primary and central to provide a frame of reference and a perspective for looking at those that are secondary and peripheral.3 By observing these principles we may with the help of God's Spirit rise via the teaching of each author in his own situation to perceive the teaching of God himself as it bears on us in our situation. But if we allow ourselves, as so many do, to discount specific teachings of Scripture as being out of line with the Bible's main thrust, or to think it possible that God's penmen did not always manage to express what they intended to say, or to suppose that while God kept them right on major matters he left them free to go wrong on details, we may expect, I think and here, pace Jack Rogers and Donald McKim, I have nearly five centuries of responsible evangelical opinion with me to be constantly going astray on matters of importance.4 The instances of relativistic and impressionistic slippage that we shall discuss now might well be cases in point.
Evangelicals have always seen the question of salvation as one of supreme importance, and their witness to the way of salvation as the most precious gift they bring to the rest of the church.
This conviction rests not on the memory of the conversion of Paul or Augustine or Luther or Wesley or Whitefield or any other evangelical hero, but on the emphasis with which the Bible itself highlights salvation as its central theme. The Scriptures or perhaps I should say, preachers like Christ, Peter, Paul, Isaiah, and Ezekiel, as recorded in the Scriptures clearly regard ordinary human beings as lost, and accordingly call on them to repent, turn or return to God, come to Christ, put faith in him, and so find the pardon, peace, and newness of life that they need. The main concepts that the New Testament uses to delineate this salvation are reconciliation, redemption, and propitiation, all won for us by the sacrificial death of Christ; forgiveness, remission of sins, justification, adoption; regeneration or renovation (that is, new birth); the indwelling of the Holy Spirit as God's seal of ownership within us; sanctification; and glorification. By contrast the chief notions that are used to describe the condition of those who do not believe in Jesus Christ, whether they have heard the gospel or not, are spiritual deadness, darkness of mind, delusion with regard to God, gods, and supernatural powers generally, moral delinquency bringing guilt and shame, and a destiny of certain distress. Paul speaks of "the day of God's wrath, when his righteous judgment will be revealed, and God will give to each person according to what he has done. To those who by persistence in doing good seek glory, honor and immortality, he will give eternal life. But for those who are self-seeking, and who reject the truth and follow evil, there will be wrath and anger" (Romans 2:5-8). Thus, those who are not Christ's are perishing, and need to be saved. Historic evangelicalism, with some differences, I grant, of nuance in exposition and of evangelistic practice, but with great solidarity
of substance, as the literature from Luther on attests, has constantly affirmed these things. Modern evangelicalism will stand revealed as a degenerate plant if it does not just as constantly do the same.
There are, however, strong tendencies at work today that press evangelicals to revise these views. I shall deal with four such tendencies, which in ad hominem form may be stated as follows:
1. The question of salvation is less urgent than evangelicals have thought. This contention raises the issue of universalism, and the destiny of those who never heard the gospel.
2. The question of salvation is less agonizing than evangelicals have thought. This contention raises the issue of conditional immortality, and the annihilation of unbelievers following the last judgment.
3. Justification by faith is a less central doctrine than evangelicals have thought. It is contended that for Paul, its chief expositor, justification was only significant for anti-Jewish polemic, and the heart of his gospel was elsewhere.
4. Faith is a less substantial reality than evangelicals thought. Some dissolve away its cognitive substance, treating it simply as an existential commitment to a behavior pattern like that which the gospels ascribe to Jesus, while denying that it assumes or requires any specific beliefs about Jesus' deity, saviorhood, or even (in Tillich's case) historicity. Others dissolve away every element in faith except its cognitive substance, treating it as simply the mind's grateful acknowledgment that Jesus, the incarnate Son of God, died for one's sins. On that view, cheap grace as denounced by Bonhoeffer is gospel truth after all; easy-believism is the true way of salvation, just as the Western religious world on
the fringe of the churches wishes to think, and antinomianism really is the true Christian life.
We will review these proposed revisions of historic evangelical soteriology in order, though spending most of our time on the first (the big one!).
The basis of the first revision, whereby the urgency of the question of salvation is destroyed, is the belief that some form of universalism is true. By universalism I mean, not Christianity's claim to be a faith for all mankind as distinct from a tribal or ethnic religion, but belief that, as the late C.H. Dodd somewhere put it, "as every human being lies under God's judgment, so every human being is ultimately destined, in God's mercy, to eternal life." This is apokatastasis (restoration) according to Origen, the doctrine of the guaranteed future salvation of all mankind, including Judas, the thieving hypocrite of whom Jesus himself said: "Woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! It would be better for him if he had not been born" (Matthew 26:24). Universalists, however, must respectfully decline to endorse Jesus' judgment here, at least in its obvious meaning, since they themselves expect Judas to be saved.
Universalism, which was condemned in the fifth century and quiescent till the nineteenth, is currently popular, and on the march, among both Protestants and Roman Catholics. Its motivations are complex. A last-century story pinpoints two of them. The question was asked: what is the difference between Unitarians and Universalists? The answer given was: The Unitarians believe that God is too good to damn anyone; the Universalists believe that
man is too good for God to damn. Today, only the most thoughtless sentimentalist could maintain that man is too good for God to damn, for all the facts about human nature that the twentieth century can claim to have uncovered highlight our moral flaws. Many, however, press with zeal the momentous claim that only a doctrine of universal salvation does justice to the reality of God's love for mankind, and of Christ's victory won on the cross, and of the praiseworthiness of God who has providentially permitted so much inhumanity of man to man, so much unfruitful suffering, and so much waste of good, in the course of world history.5 Other motivations towards universalism operate too. The monist or panentheist conception of God's relation to the world makes it necessary that the eschatological consummation whereby, as Paul puts it, God "heads up" all things in Christ (Eph. 1:10), with every knee bowing at the name of Jesus and God himself becoming "all in all" (1 Cor. 15:28) should involve every rational being relating harmoniously to the God of love in responsive loving rapport. This is the characteristic view of process theology, the fag-end of Anglo-Saxon liberalism, which, though uncertain whether the consummation can ever actually happen (because its God is so far from being omnipotent and sovereign over his world), is quite certain that the responsive love of every rational soul to God is part of the definition of it. Without universal reconciliation to God the consummation would not be a consummation: that is the argument. So among the theologians it is the supposed demands of eschatology, as well as of Christology, soteriology, theolodicy, and doxology, that prompt universalist opinion.
It is not only at the level of reflective theology that motivations to universalism have emerged in our day. Pastoral motivations
operate too. Harold O.J. Brown identifies as a "motive to universalism a sense of the futility and failure of the Christian enterprise. It is not on the mission field that universalism is strongest, despite its obvious emotional appeal to those with unconverted loved ones. Nor is it in North America, where evangelism and renewal are prominent if not dominant features of the Christian scene. It is in Europe, among the theologians, preachers, and people especially of the state-supported churches, who observe that most of Western Europe ignores Christ and has no higher value than hedonistic self-fulfillment. Because they are not winning others to Christ, but are being ignored, some people like to say, 'It doesn't really matter; everybody will be saved in the end' a confession of failure, a sort of baptizing of our own powerlessness."6 And this rationalizing reaction (as I believe it to be) to gross evangelistic and pastoral failure will, as Brown notes, itself operate as a cause of further failure in the future, because "if one thinks this way, there is scant motive to seek to bring people to conversion or renewal." If all are, as the title of a 19th century tract put it, "Doomed to be Saved", then the heat is off so far as evangelism is concerned, and it will be proper to give other ways of loving your neighbor a permanent priority over evangelizing him. It is no accident, I think, that universalism and Christian socialism have long walked hand in hand, nor that the theological thought of the World Council of Churches, which has in effect redefined mission as the necessary quest for socio-politico-economic shalom, with church-planting evangelism as an additional option if circumstances, time, and energy allow it to be fitted in, has a pronouncedly universalistic cast.
No evangelical, I think, need hesitate to admit that in his heart of hearts he would like universalism to be true. Who can take pleasure in the thought of people being eternally lost? If you want to see folk damned, there is something wrong with you! Universalism is thus a comfortable doctrine in a way that alternatives are not. But wishful thinking, based on a craving for comfort and a reluctance to believe that some of God's truth might be tragic, is no sure index of reality. Yesterday's evangelicals felt the attraction of universalism, I am sure, just as poignantly as we do, but they denounced the doctrine as morally weakening and spiritually deadening. They equated it with the world's first falsehood, the devil's declaration in Eden, "you will not surely die." They saw it as the modern version of the first piece of armor that the devil puts on Mansoul in Bunyan's Holy War, namely "the hope of doing well at the last what life soever you have lived." And they preached and prayed as they believed especially, it seems, prayed. Evangelicals know that the power behind the eighteenth century revivals and the great nineteenth century missionary movement was prayer, and that the prayer was made out of hearts agonizing over the prospect of all who leave this world without Christ being lost. Was such prayer misconceived? uninstructed? foolish? wrong-headed? An evangelical who values his heritage must ponder that question, recognizing that if universalism is true all that missionary passion and praying was founded on a monstrous mistake. Could so much evangelical piety have been so far astray?
But universalism, like all other matters of doctrine, is ultimately a biblical question, and the evangelical way to assess it is by reference, not to our heritage, but to the Bible. So I shall now attempt a biblical response to the universalist thesis.
The universalist task is to circumvent the seemingly solid New Testament witness to the fate of the unbelievers, who are declared to be under sin, law, wrath and death (so says Romans 3:9, 19, 1:18, 5:17), alienated from God and without hope (so says Ephesians 2:12), facing exclusion from God's presence as punishment for their non-subjection to as much of the law and the gospel as they knew (Rom. 1:18-2:16). Jesus himself is strong on the horrific consequences of rejecting him: as W.G.T. Shedd said a century ago, "Jesus Christ is the person who is responsible for the doctrine of eternal perdition."7 Granted that Jesus' references to weeping and grinding teeth, outer darkness, worm and fire, gehenna, and the great gulf fixed, are imagery, the imagery clearly stands for a terrible retribution. Nor, be it said, do Bible writers find a moral problem in catastrophic retribution; instead, they see such retribution as solving the moral problem of evil being allowed to run loose in God's good world, because retribution vindicates God's righteousness as judge of all the earth (see Rev. 19:1-5). How can universalism be affirmed on a biblical basis, we ask, in the face of all this?
Here the ways divide. Roman Catholic universalists refuse to believe that any human beings fail to receive grace that moves them to seek God inwardly here and now, or that any form of religion in this world fails to bring its faithful adherents the salvation that Christians know through Christ. Serious attempts to find biblical support for such speculations are, however, lacking. Protestant universalists, however, usually follow a different route, arguing that those who leave this world in unbelief do indeed go to hell, but in due course come out of it, having been brought to their senses, and so to a positive response to Christ, through the
harrowing torment they have tasted. Hell thus does for unbelievers what Rome thinks purgatory does for believers that is, it fits them for heaven. So Protestant universalism appears as a doctrine of salvation out of what the New Testament calls "eternal destruction", "eternal punishment", and perdition", through some kind of post-mortem encounter with Christ and his offer of mercy (a "second chance" for some, a "first chance" for others). This view is a speculation that differs from other "second-chance" speculations by its categorical confidence that the post-mortem invitation to turn to Christ will succeed in every single case. Debating responses leap to mind: if as a Calvinist one posits God's sovereign ability to call all men effectually to himself after death, the question arises as to why in that case he does not do it here, while if as an Arminian one thinks it beyond God's power to bring all men to faith here, the question arises as to how in that case he will be able to do it there. But is there biblical warrant for universalist speculation? There does not appear to be. Exegetical arguments fail, for no text certainly and unambiguously asserts universal final salvation, and those that verbally admit of such a construction are more naturally taken in a more restricted sense, as the standard commentaries do in fact take them.8 And there are Bible-based counter-arguments, some of which I shall now briefly deploy, casting them into question form.
(1) Does not universalism deny the sufficiency of Scripture? What warrant have we for embracing any speculation that lacks explicit biblical support, and basing our attitudes and actions directly upon it?
(2) Does not universalism ignore something that Scripture stresses, namely the unqualified decisiveness of this life's decisions
for our eternal destiny? What point is Jesus making when he warns the unbelieving Jews that they will die in their sins (John 8:21), and speaks of the great gulf fixed between two sorts of people, the godly and the ungodly, after death (Luke 16:26), and declares that speaking against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven either here or hereafter (Mt. 12:32)? What point is Paul making when he declares that spiritually one reaps what one sows, either eternal life or destruction (Gal. 6:7f.), and that at Christ's judgment seat each person will "receive what is due him for the things done while in the body, whether good or bad" (2 Cor. 5:10)? Hebrews 2:1f., 3:8-4:11, 6:4-8, 10:26-31, 12:15-17,25, and Revelation 20:6, 10, 14f., 27, 21:8, 14f., would also come into the argument at this juncture.
(3) Does not universalism imply that the preaching of Christ and the apostles, who warned people to flee from the judgment of hell-fire by repentance here and now, is either inept or immoral? If the preachers did not themselves know that all were finally to be saved, their preaching was inept (and so today's universalists are wiser than Christ); if they knew it but concealed it, so as to bluff people into the kingdom by using the fear motive, their preaching was immoral (and so today's universalist preachers can be more righteous than Christ). Is either alternative acceptable? "We must preach hell," wrote Nells Ferré, "as having a school and a door in it."9 But why did not Jesus preach hell that way? The question presses; and if no satisfactory answer to it can be found, can universalism be right?
(4) Is not universalism rejected by each Christian's own conscience? Charity and wishful thinking may make us want to affirm a universalism that embraces everyone else, but would we
be able to envisage our own spiritual pilgrimage in the terms in which we would then be envisaging theirs? Surely there is no answer to the dictum of James Denney: "I dare not say to myself that if I forfeit the opportunity this life affords I shall ever have another; and therefore I dare not say so to another man."10 To hand others a lifebelt to which I could not entrust myself is neither compassionate nor humble, but at best thoughtless and at worst cynical. But is not this where universalism would lead me?
But if, under pressure from such questions, we stop our ears to the universalist siren song, how shall we then rebut the claim that in this world of sin and pain, where it seems that in every Christian era most people die without knowing the Gospel and most who hear it are unmoved by it, universalist belief is needed to do justice to the biblical themes of God's love, Christ's victory at Calvary, and divine competence in world-management? Is there any viable theodicy any way, that is, of showing God to be gloriously in the right, and thus worthy of our praise other than that of process theology, which sees God as intending universal salvation but does not know if he can bring it off, or of universalism, which rests its theodicy on the certainty that he can and will? Yes, there is a further option in theodicy; it is the option that evangelical theology has historically embraced, and that direct biblical exegesis without extrapolation and speculation actually establishes. It can be set out like this:
(1) The sin that God mysteriously chooses to permit and humans madly choose to commit so offends God, and so robs them of value in his sight, that retribution for the impenitent becomes the natural reaction whereby he expresses his holy nature. This self-vindicating judicial righteousness is glorious, and calls for praise.
(2) Mysteriously again, God chooses to extend mercy to the penitent mercy at which general revelation hints, and which the gospel shows to be based on costly blood atonement and defined in generous promises of justification, regeneration, and glorification. This marvelous mercy is glorious, and calls for praise.
(3) Mysteriously once more, God maintains in all developed human beings the power of self-determining moral choice, and respects their choices, while yet, paradoxically, all who choose to trust God's mercy find themselves constrained to say that it was not their own intelligence or will-power, but the illuminating and drawing action of God himself that brought them to faith. Both aspects of this situation are glorious, and call for praise.
(4) Mysteriously, too, God sanctifies all believers' sufferings, through their faith-experience of the power of the risen Christ, as a means of furthering that character conformity to Christ that is their destiny. This also is glorious, and calls for praise.
(5) Mysteriously yet once more, God sends his people to publish the gospel throughout the human community, promising that as they plead with people to trust God through Christ and plead with God to touch people through grace, others will enter that new life that is being proclaimed. Here, again, is a glorious fact that calls for praise.
My use of "mysteriously" is meant as a reminder that in each of these purposes and works of God there is much that is beyond us to grasp, and moreover that many of our questions about them are left unanswered by the Word of God. But my contention here is that despite this ignorance we have in the awareness, which my five points encompass, that all who are saved by grace through faith, while all who perish do so through the fault of their
own choice and impenitence, a magnificent theodicy that for time and eternity must prompt undying praise.
One final point. A British lay theologian, Sir Norman Anderson, poses an often-asked question as follows: "Might it not be true of the follower of some other religion that the God of all mercy had worked in his heart by his Spirit, bringing him in some measure to realize his sin and need for forgiveness, and enabling him, in his twilight as it were, to throw himself on God's mercy?"11 The answer surely is: yes, it might be true, as it seems to have been true for some non-Israelites in Old Testament times: think of Melchizedek, Job, Naaman, Cyrus, Nebuchadnezzar, the sailors in Jonah's boat, and the Ninevites to whom he preached, for starters. In heaven, any such penitents will learn that they were saved by Christ's death and their hearts were renewed by the Holy Spirit, and they will worship God accordingly. Christians since the second century have voiced the hope that there are such people, and we may properly voice the same hope today. But and this is the point to consider we have no warrant from Scripture to expect that God will act thus in any single case where the Gospel is not yet known. To cherish this hope, therefore, is not to diminish in the slightest our urgent and never-ending missionary obligation, any more than it is to embrace universalism as a basis for personal and communal living. Living by the Bible means assuming that no one will be saved apart from faith in Christ, and acting accordingly.
Now we turn to the second proposed revision of historic evangelical soteriology, the view that the question of salvation is
less agonizing than we thought because after judgment day the unsaved will not exist. This is universalism in reverse: like universalism, it envisages a final state in which all are saved; unlike universalism, it anticipates, not post-mortem conversion, but annihilation and non-being for those who leave this world in unbelief. The exponents of this view, which for our purposes may be called either annihilationism or conditionalism,12 are all Protestants or cultists.13 Having been condemned at the fifth lateran Council in 1513, it is not an option for Roman Catholics. Among the Protestants are some distinguished evangelicals, 14 including recently my fellow Anglicans John Stott 15 and Philip Edgcumbe Hughes,16 and I think it is currently gaining more evangelical adherents.17 But the question, whether an opinion is true, is not resolved by asking who holds it.
Conditionalism is never advocated as expressing the obvious meaning of Scripture, for this it does not do. Its advocates back into it, rather, in horrified recoil from the thought of billions in endless torment a thought to which the memory of Hitler's holocaust, and the modern statistical mind-set, no doubt add vividness. The arguments for conditionalism, however, are far from convincing. They boil down to four, which I state as Bible-believing conditionalists state them.
First, it is said that the New Testament terms for the fate of the lost destruction and death, corruption and punishment, the worm and the fire might mean annihilation. So they might, but this possible meaning is not the natural meaning. In all the contexts cited, the natural meaning of the phrases in which these words appear is ruin and distress, not entry upon non-existence. Conditionalism can be read into these passages, but not read out
of them. And in all Bible study it is the natural meaning that should be sought.
Second, it is said that everlasting punishment is not required by God's justice, and would in fact be needless cruelty. But, leaving aside the question of how the conditionalists can know this, I would point out that this argument, if it proves anything, proves too much: for if it is needlessly cruel, and not required by justice, for God to keep the lost in being after judgment, no reason can be given why it is not needlessly cruel for him to keep the lost in the conscious misery of the intermediate state (on which see Jesus' story of Dives, Luke 16:23 ff.), and then to raise them bodily in what Jesus calls "the resurrection of judgment" (NIV, they "rise to be condemned"; John 5:28). What God sought to do, on conditionalist principles, is annihilate unbelievers at death but Scripture shows that he does not do this. So the conditionalist argument, which ought to clear God of the suspicion of needless cruelty, actually puts him under it.
Third, it is said that the harmony of the new heaven and earth will be marred if somewhere the lost continue to exist in impenitence and distress. But again it must be asked how the conditionalist know this. The argument is pure speculation.
Fourth, it is said that the joy of heaven will be marred by knowledge that some continue under punitive suffering. But this cannot be said of God, as if the expressing of his holiness in retribution hurts him more than it hurts the offenders; and since in heaven Christians will be like God in character, there is no reason to think that their joy will be impaired in this way either.
What troubles me most here, I confess, is the assumption of superior sensitivity by the conditionalists. Their assumption
appears in the adjectives (awful, dreadful, terrible, fearful, intolerable, etc.) that they apply to the concept of eternal punishment, as if to suggest that holders of the historic view have never thought about the meaning of what they have been saying. John Stott records his belief "that the ultimate annihilation of the wicked should be accepted as a legitimate, biblically founded alternative to their eternal conscious torment."18 Respectfully, I disagree, for the biblical arguments are to my mind flimsy special pleading 19 and the feelings that make people want conditionalism to be true seem to me to reflect, not superior spiritual sensitivity, but secular sentimentalism which assumes that in heaven our feelings about others will be as at present, and our joy in the manifesting of God's justice will be no greater than it is now. It is certainly agonizing now to live with the thought of people going to an eternal hell, but it is not right to reduce the agony by evading the facts; and in heaven, we may be sure, the agony will be a thing of the past.
The third and fourth of the proposed revisions concern the central tenet of the Reformation and of the older forms of evangelicalism, namely the doctrine of justification by grace through faith on the ground of Christ's vicarious obedience to death. This doctrine has been somewhat in eclipse in recent years. For liberal and radical Protestantism, which denies the realities of judgment and atonement, the assertion of justification in the evangelical sense has been an impossibility; and conservative evangelicalism has in recent years tended to stop short at proclaiming present forgiveness of sins and a personal relationship with Jesus, as modern Roman Catholicism also does, and to
neglect the larger implications about the believer's relationship with God that the doctrine of justification carries. Recently the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission was given the topic of justification by faith to explore; they extended their terms of reference unilaterally and came up with a report titled Salvation and the Church, in which the key issues of the Reformation debate, namely the formal cause of justification and the content of Christian assurance, were ignored entirely; and few noticed the omission.20 As for the proposed revisions at which we shall now briefly look, it can be said at once that acceptance of them would virtually guarantee that justification by faith, as the Reformers understood it, would never be back on the Christian map again. So I make no apology for arguing polemically against them.
First question then: Should we agree with Wrede, and Albert Schweitzer, and many exegetes and theologians since their time, that Paul's doctrine of justification was no more than a controversial device developed for use against Jews and Judaizers, and so need not greatly concern us? No, for at least these reasons:
(1) Paul's letter to the Romans is by design a full-dress statement of his gospel, and the doctrine of justification is its backbone.
(2) In all the places where Paul writes in the first person singular of the convictions that made him the man and the missionary that he was, he couches his testimony in terms of justification by faith (Gal. 2:15-21; 2 Cor. 5:16-21; Phil. 3:4-14; cf. 1 Tim. 1:12-16). The terms in which a man gives his testimony indicate what is nearest his heart.
(3) Present justification, God's declaration that the believer is in the right with him, is for Paul God's basic act of blessing, which both saves from the past by remitting guilt and assures for the future by its guarantee of continuing acceptance. For justification is the judgment of the last day brought forward, a final, irrevocable verdict bringing peace and hope to sinners who previously had neither. The centrality of final judgment in Paul's view of life is plain, and justification is part of that central reality.
(4) Paul's total account of salvation has justification in and through Christ as its central reference point. It is in terms of justification that Paul explains grace (Romans 3:24, 4:4 f.); the reconciling, redemptive, and revelatory significance of Christ's death (2 Corinthians 5:18 f.; Rom. 3:24, 5:5-11; Gal. 3:13); the covenant relationship (Gal. 3:15 ff.); faith (Romans 4:23 ff., 10:8 ff.); adoption and the gift of the Spirit (Gal. 4:6-8); and Christian assurance (Romans 5:1-11, 8:1-39) to look no further. Justification is thus seen to be at the heart of Paul's soteriology.
(5) The question that Paul deployed his doctrine of justification to answer in debate with Jews and Judaizers, namely, "Who are the true children of Abraham?", was for him central to the gospel. For God's salvation is for Abraham's seed, and the mediatorial significance of Christ is that in union with him Jewish and Gentile believers become Abraham's seed for salvation (Galatians 3:6-29).21
The threefold claim, drawn mainly from Paul, that justification is a status, given now, and that the formal cause of its being given is the righteousness of Christ, and that the result of its being given is that sinners know themselves to be permanently right with God in a way that daily stumbling into sin cannot affect,
revolutionized spiritual life in the sixteenth century, turning Christianity at a stroke from an affair of apprehensive aspiration into a joyful experience of assurance. That experience cannot survive, however, if its doctrinal foundation gets obscured or sidelined. Luther is said to have predicted that after his death the devil would counter-attack with this sidelining as his objective, and that appears to be something that he is still doing today. Surely Scripture requires us to restore the often neglected emphasis on a coming personal judgment for each of us at the hands of a holy God, and against that background to reinstate the precious truth of justification22 the wonderful exchange, as Luther called it, whereby Christ took our sin on himself and set righteousness upon us in its place. (Never forget that penal substitutionary atonement and the righteous justification of sinners are the two sides of a single coin, the two elements in the one saving transaction whereby God rescues us from hell.) It would be ruinously enfeebling for us to be allured away at any stage from a central emphasis on justification by faith.23
So we move to the fourth revisionary suggestion, which we shall consider in the form it is made by an evangelical school of thought which, ironically, has done more than most over the past half-century to keep the doctrine of justification by faith at the center.24 The suggestion is that saving faith is an assent to the truth about the atonement, and a formalized receiving of Jesus as Savior, without any necessity of turning from sin to become his disciple and, in the relational sense, follower, and that to ask for more than this as a response to the gospel is a legalistic lapse into justification by works, and an unwarranted restriction of God's free grace. To this suggestion I make a threefold response.
(1) Faith must be defined, just as it must be exercised, in terms of its object. But the Christ who is the object of saving faith is the Christ of the New Testament, he who is prophet and king no less than he is priest; and more particularly it is the Christ of the gospels, who constantly called for a life of active discipleship as the means of benefiting from his ministry, who is our only basis of salvation. Surely it is undeniable that God has joined faith and repentance, in the sense of change of life, as the two facets of response to Christ, and has made it clear that turning to Christ means turning from sin and letting ungodliness go. Surely it is undeniable that in the New Testament true faith is not only knowing facts about Jesus, but coming to him in personal trust to worship, love, and serve him. Surely it is undeniable that if we put asunder these things that God has joined together, our Christianity will be seriously distorted.
(2) There is an evident confusion here between faith as a psychological act, that is, something that you do (in this case, "closing with Christ" as the Puritans used to put it), and faith as a meritorious work, that is, a means of earning God's favor and inducing his acceptance. When it is argued that to call for active commitment to discipleship as a response to the gospel is to teach works-righteousness, the confusion is clear. The truth is that every act of faith, psychologically regarded, is a matter of doing something (knowing, receiving, and trusting are as much acts in the psychological sense as is resolving to obey); yet no act of faith ever presents itself to its doer as other than a means of receiving undeserved mercy in some shape or form. This is as true of a trustful commitment to follow Christ as it is of a trustful resting on the Saviour's promise of pardon. There is no need to restrict faith to
passive reliance without active devotion in order to keep works-righteousness and legalism out of the picture.
(3) The pastoral effect of this teaching, if taken seriously, can only be to produce what the Puritans called "gospel hypocrites" persons who have been told, or who have told themselves, that they are Christians, eternally secure in Christ, because they believe that he died for them, when their hearts are unchanged and they have no inward commitment to Christ at all. I know what I am talking about, for I was just such a gospel hypocrite for two years in my teens before God mercifully made me aware of my unconverted state. If I seem harshly critical when I categorize this proposed redefinition of faith as a barren intellectual formalism, you must remember that I was once myself burned by teaching of this type, and a burned child dreads the fire.
"Stand at the crossroads and look; ask for the ancient paths, ask where the good way is, and walk in it, and you will find rest for your souls" (Jeremiah 6:16). The only recommendation to which my survey leads me is that in relation to all the proposed revisions of evangelical faith that we have discussed, we should take these words to heart.
Response || Table of Contents
1. Ian Botham, The Incredible Test (London: Pelham Books, 1981), p.65. [BACK]
2. See Romans 1:21; Eph. 4:18. [BACK]
3. The idea of the analogy of Scripture assumes that the extent of the biblical canon is fixed and known. In the contemporary context this assumption, which many Protestant liberals query and which Roman Catholics claim presupposes the infallibility of the canonizing church, requires exposition and defense, which is not possible here. Materials which in my judgment make possible a convincing defense of the 66-book Protestant canon as fixed and certain in its God-givenness are contained in Roger Beckwith, The Old Testament Canon of the New Testament Church (London: SPCK and Grand Rapids: Eerdmans 1985); F.F. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1988); Bruce Metzger, The Canon of the New Testament (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987); H.N. Ridderbos, The Authority of the New Testament Scriptures (Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co. 1963; 2nd rev. ed., Redemptive History and the New Testament Scriptures, 1988); Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics I.ii. (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1956), chapter 3, pp. 457-740; G.C. Berkouwer, Holy Scripture (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975), chapter 3, pp. 67-104; A.B. du Toit (Pretoria: N.G. Kerkboekhandel Transvaal, 1979); David G. Dunbar, "The Biblical Canon," in Hermeneutics, Authority, and Canon, ed. D.A. Carson and John D. Woodbridge (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1986), pp. 295-360. [BACK]
4. In The Authority and Interpretation of the Bible (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1979), Rogers and McKim maintain that authentic, healthy Christian theology has always recognized, implicitly if not explicitly, that God so accommodated himself to the humanity of the Bible writers as to produce for us a Bible that, while functioning as a safe guide for faith and life, contains various sorts of mistakes on matters of factual detail. This thesis in historical theology with its implications for healthy bibliology today and tomorrow is effectively countered by John D. Woodbridge in Biblical Authority: A Critique of the Rogers-McKim Proposal (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1982). [BACK]
5. For the thesis that divine love points to universalism, see J.A. T. Robinson, In the End God (London: James Clarke, 1950; 2nd edition, London: Fontana, 1968) and Nels Ferré, The Christian Understanding of God (London: SCM Press, 1952), pp. 219ff. For the idea that the victory of Christ on the cross and in the resurrection entails universalism, see G.C. Berkouwer's critique, The Triumph of Grace in the Theology of Karl Barth (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans and London: Paternoster Press, 1956).pp. 262-96, 361-68. For the view that theodicy requires us to posit universalism, see John Hick, Evil and the God of Love (London: Fontana, 1968), and Nels Ferre, Evil and the Christian Faith (New York:Harper, 1947). There are useful brief reviews of universalist thinking in Stephen H. Travis, Christian Hope and the Future (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1980), pp. 124ff, and in Themelios 4.2, Jan. 1979, articles by R.J. Bauckham, N.T. Wright, E.A. Blum, and B.J. Nicholls. [BACK]
6. Harold O.J. Brown, "Will Everyone be Saved?," Pastoral Renewal, June 1987, p. 13. [BACK]
7. W.G.T. Shedd, Dogmatic Theology (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1889), II. 680. [BACK]
8. The texts in question are Jn 12:32; Acts 3:21; Romans 5:18f, 11:32; 1 Cor. 15:22-28; 2 Cor. 5:19; Eph. 1:10; Col. 1:20ff; Phil. 2:9-11; Heb. 2:9; Tit. 2:11; 1 Tim. 2:4; 1 John 2:2, 2 Peter 3:9. In Hasting's Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1908), II. 785, Robert Mackintosh, himself a wishful universalist, observed: "The question (sc., of universalism) is generally argued as one of New Testament interpretation. The present writer does not think that hopeful. He sees no ground for challenging the old doctrine on exegetical lines." Nothing that has been offered during the past eighty years seems to invalidate that verdict. [BACK]
9. Ferre, The Christian Understanding of God, p. 241. [BACK]
10. James Denney, Studies in Theology (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1902), p.244. [BACK]
11. Sir Norman Anderson, Christianity and World Religions (Leicester and Downers Grove, InterVarsity Press, 1984), p.148f. [BACK]
12. Annihilationism is the version of this view that assumes the natural immortality of created human beings, conditionalism the version that denies it. Since no creature has life at any level, or existence in any form, for a single moment apart from God's active upholding, this is a verbal distinction that corresponds to no theological difference. Only within a deistic frame of reference would the distinction mean anything. [BACK]
13. Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventists, and Herbert W. Armstrong's World-Wide Church of God are committed to conditionalism. [BACK]
14. "In conservative circles there is a seeming reluctance to espouse publicly a doctrine of hell, and where it is held there is a seeming tendency towards a doctrine of hell as annihilation... Our interest here is with conditional immortality, which appears to be gaining acceptance in evangelical orthodox circles" (Peter Toon, Heaven and Hell, Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1986, pp. 174,176). In The Conditionalist Faith of our Fathers (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald, 1966) Leroy Edwin Froom, a Seventh-day Adventist, highlighted the conditionalism of Basil F.C. Atkinson, an able lay theologian of Cambridge, England (II.881-88), who seems to have influenced many gifted evangelical students to embrace this view. H.E. Guilleband, author of The Righteous Judge: A Study of the Biblical Doctrine of Everlasting Punishment (Taunton: Goodman,), a careful conditionalist statement, was close to Atkinson, Atkinson's own conditionalism, already explicit in his Pocket Commentary on Genesis, was later spelled out in Life and Immortality: An Examination of the Meaning of Life and Death as they are Revealed in the Scriptures (Taunton: E. Goodman, n.d.). [BACK]
15. David Edwards and John Stott, Essentials (London: Hodder and Stoughton and Downer's Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1988), pp. 312-20. [BACK]
16. Philip Edgecumbe Hughes, The True Image: The Origin and Destiny of Man in Christ (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989), pp. 398-407. [BACK]
17. Among recent evangelical writers of distinction who incline more or less explicitly towards conditionalism are Edward William Fudge, The Fire That Consumes, with (dissenting) preface by F.F. Bruce (Houston: Providential Press, 1982); John W. Wenham, The Goodness of God (Leicester and Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1974), chapter 2, pp. 27-41; Stephen H. Travis, who declares: "If pressed, I must myself opt for" conditional immortality (I Believe in the Second Coming of Jesus, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982, p. 198). [BACK]
18. Stott, op. cit., p. 320. [BACK]
19. For detailed argument confirming this verdict, see Robert A. Morey, Death and the Afterlife (Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1984), chapter 8, pp. 199-222. [BACK]
20. Among those who did notice it, and comment on it, were Alister McGrath (ARCIC II and Justification: an Evangelical Anglican Assessment of Salvation and the Church, Oxford: Latimer House, 1987; "Justification: the New Ecumenical Debate," in Themelios, 13.2, Jan.-Feb. 1988, pp. 43-48); Christopher J.L. Bennett, "Justification and ARCIC II," in The Banner of Truth, 297, June 1988, pp. 6-11, 32; and, with profound pastoral insight matching theological acumen, Christopher Fitzsimons Allison, "The Pastoral and Political Implications of Trent on Justification: A Response to the A.R.C.I.C. Agreed Statement Salvation and the Church," in Churchman 103.1, 1989, p. 15-31; reprinted from St. Luke's
Journal of Theology (Sewanee), XXXI.3, 1988. Bishop Allison's The Rise of Moralism: The Proclamation of the Gospel from Hooker to Baxter (Wilton: Morehouse-Barlow, 1986) is the authoritative account of Anglican responses to the Tridentine teaching on justification in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. See also McGrath, Iustitia Dei: A History of the Christian Doctrine of Justification (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), II. 1-134. [BACK]
21. For development of this point, see the brilliant chapter by Tom Wright, "Justification: the Biblical Basis and its Relevance for Contemporary Evangelicalism," in The Great Acquittal: Justification by Faith and Current Christian Thought, ed. Gavin Reid (London: Fount Paperbacks, 1980), pp. 13-37. [BACK]
22. Alister McGrath's otherwise admirable exposition, Justification by Faith: What it Means for Us Today (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1988), fails us here: amazingly, it makes no mention whatever of judgment to come. [BACK]
23. I develop some of these points in my introduction to James Buchanan's The Doctrine of Justification (London: Banner of Truth, 1961) and my chapter, "Justification in Protestant Theology," in J.I. Packer and others, Here We Stand: Justification by Faith Today (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1986), pp. 84-102. [BACK]
24. See John MacArthur, Jr., The Gospel According to Jesus (Grand Rapids: Zondervan and Panorama City: Word of Grace, 1988), citing and interacting with relevant works by Zane Hodges, Charles Ryrie, Lewis Sperry Chafer, and G. Michael Cocoris. Darrell L. Bock wrote a judicious review of the interaction in Bibliotheca Sacra, Jan.March, 1989, pp.21-40. The debate continues. [BACK]
Response || Table of Contents | <urn:uuid:c13ceda8-3f77-4536-b5a2-a9dd98dd2ca9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ccel.us/EV.ch4.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00475-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949798 | 11,738 | 1.59375 | 2 |
n the May 1995 issue of Ebony magazine, a review by Monique Burns of a new book, Dared and Done by Julia Markus, bore the headline, "A Cultural Bombshell: Two of World's Greatest Lovers — Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning — Were Descendants of Blacks." Markus, who claims that the poets descended from Jamaican plantation owners, reached her conclusion by delving into the curious desire of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's father, Edward Barrett Moulton Barrett, to not have any of his children marry.
One reason given has been that he desired to keep his children at home and under his control. This was certainly true. Another has been that he had an unease about his children's sexuality. A father who insists on his daughter's purity is not an unfamiliar type. One who insists that his sons not marry is a unique type. (Ebony 97, excerpted from Dared and Done )
Most scholars had assigned the father's desire to a religious basis, but Markus claims that what Edward "did not want to do was to carry on the Moulton Barrett line" (Ebony 97). Markus supports her claim from photographs of Elizabeth and Robert Browning, both of whom were reported by friends as having a dark complexion. Markus also provides quotes from Elizabeth Barrett Browning (henceforth Browning) describing herself as "little and black" and confessing to her husband-to-be of what she believed to be her true ancestry: "'I would give ten towns in Norfolk (if I had them) to own some purer lineage than that of the blood of the slave!'" (Ebony 152). Markus also claims that Robert Browning descended from a similar lineage of Jamaican plantation owners.
Another piece of evidence that Markus uses is the composition of the poem, "The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim's Point," during the Brownings' honeymoon. The poem deals with the suffocation of a mulatto child by the child's slave mother because the child reminds her of her master: "Every time I see his face I see that master's race" ("The Runaway Slave," quoted in Ebony 100). Markus sees the parallel to Browning's life in her father's attempt "to suffocate the next generation" (Ebony 152).
Aurora Leigh's consciousness of her ancestry immediately reveals itself near the beginning of the "verse-novel" when she becomes an orphan and goes to live with her aunt. Upon Aurora's arrival, her aunt "with two gray-steel naked-bladed eyes /Searched through my face — ay, stabbed it through and through, /Through brows and cheeks and chin, as if to find /A wicked murderer in my innocent face" (I, 327 - 330). Aurora Leigh also describes the negative reaction of her aunt to her father's marriage to her Italian mother.
Another veiled reference in Aurora Leigh to her miscegenated lineage occurs during Romney's proposal to Aurora:
a You gather up
A few such cases, and when strong sometimes
Will write of factories and of slaves, as if
Your father were a negro, and your son
A spinner in the mills. All's yours and you,
All, coloured with your blood ...
This reference concurs with Markus's theory of Browning's ancestry, but a greater problem exists other than the racial makeup of the poet. Does the work of art relate in any way to the factual incidents in the author's life? Is Browning playing with her readers or is she subtly trying to tell them something?
In her book, Realism and Power, Alison Lee says that the New Critics view a poem as separate from the poet's life: "Because language is public, they argue, the poem is also public, and therefore has little to do with the private or idiosyncratic details of the poet's life" (22). A problem with autobiography and fictional autobiography is that the reader does not always know when the author tells the truth or suppresses it. Postmodernist skepticism of narrative sees it as a false account of the truth. Narrative is removed from the truth because it involves one person's account; the narrative embodies the narrator's personal biases and perspective. Poetry exacerbates the problem because it involves a "poetic license": Plato ostracizes the poet from his Republic because he thought that poetry was three times removed from the truth. Another problem with autobiography lies in the re-telling of one's life through one's memory. A person's current emotions tend to cloud his or her memory of past events so that a happy childhood is recalled as melancholic if the person is in a depressive state. These problems blur the border between art and autobiography and, as we shall see, present to the reader some difficulties in interpreting the meaning of the narrative's biographical elements in relation to the author's actual life, and in trusting the narrator with the narrative.
Aurora Leigh starts off with her declaration that the book is a "story for my better self /As when you paint your portrait for a friend" (I, 4-5). This statement introduces two problems: the book is a story and the book is a portrait. A story usually connotes some fictional elements, but her declaration that it is similar to a self-portrait for a friend should raise a red flag. A self-portrait usually flatters oneself in the best possible light; but when doing it for a friend, the artist would probably be extremely careful in this regard. The reader also has to be careful because it is through the fictional character that the author vicariously voices this declaration. Is the fictional character, who is an accomplished poet, trying to paint herself in the best possible light? Is the author, who is also an accomplished poet, trying to paint herself in the best possible light?
As Browning's autobiographical essay, Glimpses into My Own Life and Literary Character, declares, "TO BE ONE'S OWN chronicler is a task generally dictated by extreme vanity and often by that instinctive feeling which prompts the soul of man to snatch the records of his life from the dim and misty ocean of oblivion" (Quoted from Sanders, 56). Even at the early age of fourteen, she recognizes the "extreme vanity" inherent in an autobiography.
From the records of her life, we discover that Browning's mother died when she was twenty-two years old. However, in Aurora Leigh, Aurora's mother dies when she is only four years old. The earlier maternal death in Aurora Leigh reflects Browning's feelings of loss for her own mother, who cared for her in her child-like incapacitation due to her valetudinarian situation.2 Browning describes Aurora's mother as a loving and kind mother, but after the death of Aurora's mother, Aurora would gaze upon the portrait painted after her mother's death and imagine her to be a
Ghost, fiend, and angel, fairy, witch, and sprite,
A dauntless Muse who eyes a dreadful Fate,
A loving Psyche who loses sight of Love,
A still Medusa with mild milky brows
All curdled and all clothed upon with snakes
Whose slime falls fast as sweat will .... (I, 154-59)
These are all the various incarnations, mostly unflattering, of women in literature written by male writers.3 But Aurora recognizes that her imaginary projections are not her own mother because after describing all of them, she says:
Or my own mother, leaving her last smile
In her last kiss upon the baby-mouth
My father pushed down on the bed for that —
Or my dead mother, without smile or kiss,
Buried at Florence. (I, 164-68)
>Clearly, she distinguishes between her imagination and reality.
Browning describes with gentility Aurora's father as well, and he also dies when Aurora was young. The early paternal death contradicts with her real life because Edward Barrett lived until 1857, four years before her own death. She was very close to her father, just as Aurora Leigh was attached to her father. Both fathers supported and encouraged their daughter's literary and educational pursuits. Browning read voraciously during her childhood, reading most of the texts in their original languages. Her father helped finance the private publication of The Battle of Marathon when she was only fourteen years old. Browning could say along with Aurora that her father "taught me what he had learnt the best /Before he died and left me — grief and love" (I, 185-86).
After Browning defied her father and secretly eloped with Robert Browning, her father's support did not continue because he disowned all of his married children. This severed relationship may explain why Browning killed off Aurora's father so early. If we had no evidence of Edward Barrett's disowning of Browning, we would not know that she repressed her anger at her father's refusal to receive any communications from her and that she projected her anger via the fictional early death of a father figure.
The courtship of Romney and Aurora Leigh provides an interesting look at her own courtships, good and bad. Romney's unfortunate fate at the end of the poem parallel events in her own life. Romney's loss of the estate inherited from Aurora's father corresponds to the Barretts' loss of Hope End in 1832. Her first relationship was with a blind Greek scholar named Hugh Stuart Boyd. In her diary accounts of the relationship, she describes her unrequited affections. According to Laurelyn Douglas, "For a year her entries calculate the bitter difference between his regard and her own, and she wonders if she can ever hope for reciprocation" (Douglas). This relationship cauterized her heart, and she found "her womanly capacity for feeling a liability and wishes she could feel less" (Douglas).
Aurora Leigh has to achieve her goal of being a great poet to prove to Romney that women can write great poetry before she can return his affections. But this poses problems for the reader because the reader only possesses her accounts of the events. Aurora may be acting on hubris because after she becomes an accomplished poet, she writes her autobiography for her own use.
Of writing many books there is no end;
And I who have written much in prose and verse
For others' uses, will write now for mine — (I, 1-3)
Aurora has to continually remind herself about her pride when she talks about her poetry: "Aurora Leigh, be humble ... Aurora Leigh: be humble" (V, 1, 42). She also states her reasons for not writing in other literary forms, preferring to write only poetry.
I will write no plays;
Because the drama, less sublime in this,
Makes lower appeals, submits more menially,
Adopts the standard of the public taste .... (V, 267-70)
Is Aurora twisting the truth for poetic reasons? Romney's fate seem to be a bit unrealistic; one disaster would still be realistic, but to be blinded and to lose your home at the same time is quite unfortunate for a man who only wanted to love Aurora. Maybe these events are hinting at Browning's life: Romney's blindness parallels Boyd's blindness and the loss of Romney's home is similar to the Barretts' loss of Hope End due to Edward Barrett's financial downturn.
Browning does not seem to have any other relationships until a young man named Robert Browning sends her his congratulations for her work in Poems. Aurora Leigh finally accepts Romney's love for her after he accepts her poetry and concedes his error concerning women's capacity for writing poetry. Her earlier relationship with H. S. Boyd and her valetudinarian condition made her question "what sort of a gift her heart would make to Browning since she was not young (thirty-eight), six years an invalid, [and] broken-spirited in guilt and sorrow" (Douglas). After Robert earned her trust, their courtship provided them fame from their letters as passionate lovers and provided to literature a collection of love poetry, Sonnets from the Portuguese, named after Robert's nickname for Elizabeth, "The Portuguese." This nickname, incidentally, supports Markus's argument of Browning's non-English features and darker complexion.
As we have seen from these parallels, the works of an author have very much to do with the incidents in their lives. However, the reader still has to sort through the artistic licenses to find the little bits of information that may reveal something about the author. Comparisons with biographical details allow the reader to find out if their bits of information are the truth or not. The reader also has to be aware of the author's mental state during the composition of the work. A further complication with Victorian authors, especially with Victorian women authors, involves the genre of the autobiography. Women were not supposed to have a public life, much less write about their personal lives for publication. However, women had an advantage after they gained acceptance for their writing: "From the point where women first began to write about themselves, they showed a greater interest than men in the 'unofficial' side of their lives" (Sanders 54). According to Sanders, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, in her autobiographical essay, felt the need to "justify her stance without in some way overturning contemporary gender expectations, and deserving the accusations of vanity which trouble her throughout the Essay" (57).
- Great Expectations section of the original essay
- Waterland section of the original essay
- Bibliography and footnotes for all parts of the original essay
Last modified 1996 | <urn:uuid:be02b6fd-85a7-4762-bcc5-7e11b62eec70> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/ebb/huangal.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00136-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968892 | 2,818 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Hegel's assimilation of Aristotelian teleology: Hegel after Darwin
Philosophical theories seldom get conclusively refuted. The notion that nature is goal directed, however, seems a likely candidate for polite dismissal. In the dissertation I examine what Aristotle does, and does not, mean by teleology. I then carefully demonstrate that Hegel specifically and self-consciously incorporates Aristotle's model of teleology by invoking purposive structures that yield beings of ever greater unity and complexity that are irreducible to their lower conditional levels. At this point, I examine the rejection of teleological explanations by Darwin and some Neo-Darwinians. In particular, I examine the mechanistic model often employed by biologists that reduces the living organism to a mere vehicle for the gene to make more copies of itself. Such models, I argue, are not philosophically innocent, and they buy their scientific respectability only with a metaphysical purchase. The upshot of this is that a metaphysics of some sort is unavoidable. Our choice then, is not between a respectable empiricism and an indecent metaphysics, but rather it is between good and bad metaphysics, each with different commitments and explanatory power. At this juncture, I canvass the biologists and philosophers of biology who accept some form of ineliminable teleological and holistic structures in biological organisms. In the final section I attempt to show that a hierarchical scale of forms in nature is still a viable idea and that analysis must proceed in terms of overlapping wholes and not reductive parts. I argue here that Hegel has given us the best idea of what such a system would look like. In other words, with some modifications, especially concerning the origin of Geist, we can be respectable Hegelians today, despite the apparent wholesale scientific rejection of teleology.
Catenazzo, Anthony Robert, "Hegel's assimilation of Aristotelian teleology: Hegel after Darwin" (1996). Dissertations (1962 - 2010) Access via Proquest Digital Dissertations. AAI9717059. | <urn:uuid:a091f18d-038c-43d0-b566-9cfad337cc44> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations/AAI9717059/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00385-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928565 | 420 | 1.9375 | 2 |
I was reading a newspaper article from New York the other day, about the thing I probably like least. There’s a hot hip new restaurant serving cheese made from cashews, steak tartare made from split peas colored with beet juice, and even foie gras made from ground sesame seeds. This latest NYC hotspot is devoted to vegetables that look and taste like meat and dairy.
I prefer vegetables that look and taste like vegetables.
The news story did remind me, however, of my longtime fascination with vegetarians – a fascination made all the more, well, fascinating by the fact that I’ve never been remotely tempted to become one. I’m simply someone who prefers meat in smaller servings than some people do, with lots and lots of vegetables. Over the years, vegetarians have suggested that my meat comes in such small portions anyway that I could easily go all the way. To which I’ve generally recoiled in horror.
I won’t be ambling toward New York’s West Village anytime soon, even out of curiosity what their critic-praised beef bourguignon might taste like. I hear the unmistakable voice of Julia Child in my ear, pleading: Don’t eat anything that’s not what it pretends to be. Eat only good real food, and eat it in the portions your body can handle. Moderation, preached the late great Julia. Moderation, not sleight of hand.
There are many aspects of vegetarianism that annoy those of us who aren’t. The politics often on display, for one thing – politics that become for some a kind of religion. You can’t even guess what each vegetarian’s beliefs might be, since some are protesting the cruelty of raising, slaughtering and eating animals, while others see “vast conspiracies” aimed at ruining our health in the name of nefarious profit. Still others, especially in India, embrace a meatless life as part of their authentic religious and philosophical views. A few simply had a traumatic experience eating meat at some point and swore off from that moment to this.
Non-vegetarians are also confused by the broad spectrum of vegetarian lifestyles, all with off-putting, technical, anti-pleasure names. Vegetarians can simply eat no red meat, which is the default position. Yet “pescatarians” do allow themselves fish, while “lacto-ovos” can eat milk and eggs, thus their name. Vegans, the way we see it, are the true hardcores, who deny themselves any and all of the above, seldom without explaining at great length why.
And then, there’s me.
I’m a guy who loves vegetables, pretty much all vegetables, especially when they’re caramelized to drag their natural sugars to the surface and become crusty, sweet and golden brown. The kind of guy who can buy into the popular observance Meatless Mondays, though equally likely to prepare a meatless meal any day of the week. I remember learning years ago that humankind appeared as history’s great omnivore, built by survival instinct to live off practically anything. That’s my story, and I’m sticking to it.
And the next time I make Julia Child’s signature bouef bourguignon, you can be sure the “boeuf” won’t actually be split peas masquerading among the thyme, bay leaves and pinot noir.
BLISTERED PEPPER PAD THAI
This slightly non-vegan version of the iconic Thai street food does use scrambled eggs – because we really love what they do in this dish. And to us at least, eggs are not meat. Obviously, there’s a whole lot of different tastes and textures working their magic in each bite of this pad Thai. You can leave out the eggs and get 97% percent of the pleasure (yes, we measured). Or you can leave them in.
1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil
2 cups sliced mini-bell peppers, red, yellow and orange
1 onion, thinly sliced
3 spring onions, chopped, white and green parts separated
2 carrots, thinly sliced
2 cloves garlic, minced
1 cup cooked green peas
¼ cup dry sherry
3 cups cooked Thai rice noodles
1 cup Dr. Foo’s Kitchen Tamarind Pad Thai Stir-Fry Sauce
Juice of 1 lime
Sriracha to taste
1 teaspoon lemon pepper
3 eggs, scrambled
Cook sliced peppers in olive oil after medium high heat in a large skillet or wok until they start to blister. Remove them from the pan. Add the onion, white parts of the green onion and carrots until they begin to caramelize, adding the sherry about halfway through. then stir in the garlic and peas for 1 minute more. Return the mini-bells to the pan and stir briefly together. Add the Dr. Foo’s and stir to coat everything evenly. Squeeze on the lime and spoon in sriracha to taste. Sprinkle with lemon pepper. Stir in the scrambled eggs and serve hot, garnished with cilantro leaves and the green parts of spring onions. Serves 4-6. | <urn:uuid:1834b4a5-88a4-448b-aa4e-c9bfc1a933f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://deliciousmischief.com/meatless-for-the-moment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.933989 | 1,112 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Experts Call for FDA Regulation of Tobacco Products
WEDNESDAY, Feb. 25 -- All tobacco products in the United States should be regulated by the federal government, according to a report released Wednesday by a panel of 26 of the nation's leading tobacco control researchers and policy experts.
"Bold thinking is required to reverse the catastrophic projections for tobacco-caused deaths in this century," panel co-chair Mitchell Zeller, a health policy expert with Pinney Associates and a former associate commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, said in a University of Minnesota news release.
During a two-year process called The Strategic Dialogue on Tobacco Harm Reduction, the experts developed recommendations on ways to regulate tobacco products based on public health needs, as well as ways to help tobacco users who are unable or unwilling to quit to switch to the least harmful nicotine products.
The group recommended:
- Regulation of harmful compounds in all tobacco products.
- Regulation of all aspects of tobacco promotion, advertising and labeling.
- A ban on claims of reductions in users' exposure to harmful components in tobacco or smoke unless there is sufficient scientific evidence that there is also a reduction in health risk.
- Accurate education of the public about the relative risks of different nicotine-containing products.
- Higher taxes on cigarettes.
- Expanded anti-tobacco advertising.
- Strong programs to encourage and support people's efforts to stop using tobacco.
The recommendations appear online in the journal Tobacco Control.
Under what they called the "continuum of risk," the experts also noted that cigarettes are the most dangerous tobacco product and that medicinal nicotine products, such as nicotine gum and patches, are less harmful than oral tobacco products.
Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States and costs the nation nearly $200 billion a year. This year, nearly 440,000 people in the United States will die from tobacco-related illnesses. This century, an estimated 1 billion people worldwide will die prematurely from tobacco use -- a 10-fold increase over the 20th century -- if current trends continue.
"Our report is a blueprint," Dialogue chair Dorothy Hatsukami, director of the University of Minnesota's Tobacco Use Research Center and Masonic Cancer Center's Cancer Control and Prevention Programs, said in a university news release. "It lays out the key elements of a science-based regulatory program and policies to shift current tobacco users away from cigarettes. With these policies and programs, we believe that the death toll from cigarette smoking and other tobacco use can be reduced dramatically."
"Simply put, there is no 'one size fits all' method to quit or reduce smoking," Zeller added. "The public health community has failed to provide appropriate guidelines on all the evidence-based methods available so that smokers concerned about their health but who find themselves unable or unwilling to quit have options on how to quit smoking successfully."
The American Cancer Society offers a guide for quitting smoking.
Posted: February 2009
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6th Grade Interactive Language Arts Skill Builders
Online Stories- CCSS RL.6.10, RI.6.10
Links verified on 11/6/2015
- Aesop's Fables - Short reading passages with a moral to analyze.
- Alice's Adventures in Wonderland - An unabridged, dramatic audio production in RealAudio? Directed and Narrated by Karen Chan.
- Author Index - Search for online books by author.
- A Chapter a Day - Books online divided up into chapters with vocabulary words for the chapter and quotes. Many classical novels here.
- Chapter Books On-line - Many classic novels online with tools to help students read on line.
- Classic Short Stories - Online text of some of the short story classics.
- The Electronic Text Center - The Modern English Collection contains fiction, nonfiction, poetry, drama, letters, newspapers, manuscripts and illustrations from 1500 to the present, arranged for browsing by author's last name or by category of interest.
- Folktale of the Month - Selection plus an index of recent selections.
- The Internet Classics Archive - Bringing the wisdom of the classics to the Internet since 1994.
- Learn Out Loud - Podcasts of novels.
- Novels On-Line - Found at the Carnegie Mellon University English server.
- The On-line Books Page - You may search by author, title or subject.
- Poetry 180 - A list of poems and authors.
- Poetry Index of Canonical verse at the Carnegie Mellon University English server. Poets from Angelou to Wordsworth.
- Read Print - Free online library, thousands of free books.
- Short Fiction on the Carnegie Mellon University English server.
Internet4classrooms is a collaborative effort by
Susan Brooks and Bill Byles. | <urn:uuid:45a57085-bd81-4a57-9e02-b2f46f9bf2c7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.internet4classrooms.com/skill_builders/online_stories_language_arts_sixth_6th_grade.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.780425 | 371 | 2.5625 | 3 |
I am sitting in a bar in Spain’s Andalusian state, Granada, where I have been drinking glasses of beer for the last two hours in order to get free plates of food.
I don’t even like beer, and yet I’ve lost count of how many I’ve had — always a bad sign. But it’s been worth the effort. Tapas are mini-snacks, and there are infinite varieties, from calamari rings to spinach with chick peas.
There are two stories about the origins of tapas, which means “lid” in Spanish. The first goes that combining food with alcohol was a way of ensuring people didn’t drink on empty stomachs. The alternative is that drinks were traditionally covered by a small plate of food.
Whichever it is, it could well be the reason why siestas are so quiet in Granada — everyone is home sleeping it off, or at least the foreign tourists not used to this style of eating are resting. However, I’ve ceased to mull over the origins of the tradition, and I am wondering how I can get off the stool and stagger outside.
The bar attendant has turned the television to a soccer match, and everyone is engrossed in it. So I am sure I can slink by unnoticed past the mess of napkins and toothpicks on the floor at the foot of the bar, the most telltale sign of a tapas feast, and make use of the afternoon light in this picturesque town.
Granada was the capital of the last Moorish kingdom in Spain from the 13th through the 15 th centuries, and the city is full of reminders of its Arabic past, with baths, Arabic teterías (tea shops) andalcaicerías (markets).
Granada houses Spain’s best Moorish constructions, the most magnificent of which is the Alhambra. This old fortress with palaces and gardens perches above the hillside town with a snowy vista of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the background. There are also Baroque churches, Gothic chapels, monasteries, palaces, convents and cathedrals.
I’d spent the morning wandering around the whitewashed houses of the Moorish Sacromonte and Albayzin neighborhoods, noting husky old men peering from doors of the bars. While a group of people gathered around a man fixing a water main offered advice, a dog tried to steal my map.
I’d been hassled by herb sellers, a gypsy woman with badly applied eyeliner who wanted to read my palm for an incredible sum, and hippies who needed soap more than the cigarettes they asked for. In the end I had sat down in the Mirador de San Nicolás Plaza with other tourists and locals who had spilled from local restaurants to enjoy the sun and beauty of this spot overlooking Granada.
There were two grandmothers with enough colored hair clips to keep an army of small girls happy, a man playing a guitar, two gypsy girls pestering tourists, and the hazy panorama of the famous Alhambra and the Sierra Nevada mountains behind. The moment was so surreal I lost myself for two hours, and have only moved since then to this bar where I am almost unable to leave my chair.
It is in moments like these that Granada begins to weave its spell. Washington Irving describes this phenomenon in Tales of the Alhambra,in which he speaks of the intertwining of life, religion and architecture, where everything is similar but nothing is the same. However, perhaps Ernest Hemingway’s party-riven accounts of Spain in his novel The Sun Also Rises may be closer to your own experience if you visit too many tapas bars.
Much has been written about the beauty of La Alhambra fortress, palace, patios and gardens, and none of it is exaggerated. Its combination of Islamic art, architecture and gardening is visually stunning. La Alhambra is made up of the military fortress of Alcazaba, the Royal Palace (home of the Alhambra Museum) and the gardens of the Generalife Palace.
The Alcazaba dates from the 11th to 13th centuries. The Royal Palace, the centerpiece, was built for Granada’s rulers in the 14th and 15th centuries. The intricate stonework, and inner rooms and courtyards are breathtaking. The Generalife, the summer palace of the sultans, has amazing gardens combining the use of water and foliage. A full day should be dedicated to wandering the grounds and buildings.
Hammam Arabic Baths, located below the Alhambra, on Calle Santa Ana, offers bathing, massage and even aroma-therapy. Above the bathhouse, Tetería Baños Árabes features Arabic teas and cakes, belly dancing, and even poetry readings and tales from the Andalusian-Arabic tradition.
The teterías, a fixture of Granada, typically have dimly lit interiors, candelabras with candles melting in arty globs and floor seating, perfect for romantic-minded couples.
Moorish influences can still be observed in Granada today, but they are now more of a touristy kind. Arabic markets with jewelry, incense, tea, clothing and art are open even in the off season, when the rest of Spain seems to have fallen asleep without the madness of bullfights and hordes of summer tourists.
When I finally leave my tapas bar, it is the view of the Alhambra from the Mirador de San Nicolás that I want to see again. In the afternoon, the square fills with Spanish guitarists, singing locals, gypsies and tourists. It’s the perfect way to spend an afternoon if you have overindulged in free tapas or beer.
As the sun lengthens and shadows fall across the valley, the Alhambra sets the mood. All that is needed now is an echo from the past: an imam (Muslim priest) in the long-since-removed minaret crying, “Allah hu Akbar” (God is
great) across the valley. Granada’s spell is cast.
If You Go
Granada Tourism www.andalucia.com/cities/granada
Other Things to Do
Las Alpujarras is a mountainous region just outside Granada with beautiful whitewashed villages (Bubion, Pampaneira and Capileira) that nestle into the sides of the mountains. Rural life persists here, with sheep farming and other agriculture. Some towns have fruit and vegetable markets. Walking paths dot the hillsides; most start from Capileira, one of the highest villages in Spain.
Homes in this region are terraced, with flat roofs and tall chimneys. These villages are pleasant, with tourist shops selling postcards, locally made jams, leather, jewelery and knickknacks. In the off season they are quiet; during siesta you’re lucky to find more than a sleeping cat.
When to Go
Granada is cooler than much of the temperate Andalusian region, due to its proximity to the mountains. But it is still warmer than northern Spain, even in winter. During winter, sunny days can be quite pleasant, and you can ski in the mountains nearby. | <urn:uuid:6a9d61bc-8f71-43a5-bd8a-5584f2e26272> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.goworldtravel.com/travel-moorish-moorings-granada-spain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00437-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94645 | 1,555 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Adverbial clause of real condition的用法和样例：
- Finish the following sentence with an adverbial clause of time or concession.
- Make the students learn how to use the adverbial clause of time well as the lalt perfect tense correctly.
- I. The Adverbial Clause of Condition
- Analysis: Here “as much as possible” is used to modify the infinitive, and “until” is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time. | <urn:uuid:d98e0b56-f928-4f3b-9a82-310f9a6fcd24> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dict.cn/adverbial%20clause%20of%20real%20condition%0D | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00125-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.656636 | 116 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Trade finance, also known as import finance, provides funding for goods as they are transported from the seller to the buyer. It provides you with the ability to pay your supplier for the purchase of finished goods (often from overseas).
Trade loans are offered by banks and other financial institutions. Applications are made to the business’s bank or other finance provider, either in person, by telephone or online.
The business should have a clear idea of the amount it needs to borrow and the likely timeframe of the transactions that the trade loan is intended to finance. Typically finance would be required covering the period from placement of the order, through to eventual onward sale of the goods.
The finance provider will consider various factors in agreeing an bank loan, such as the length and history of the business relationship as well as the turnover, profitability and asset base of the company. A good relationship between the business and the finance provider is important and can be a factor in determining the terms of the loan.
It is important that the business meets it obligations under the terms of the loan and keeps to the agreed repayment schedule. Failure to do so will adversely affect the credit rating of a business.
In addition to trade loans, there are many other sources of finance to explore. From short term loans to commercial mortgages, Barclays can help businesses find the right solution to support growth. Follow the link below. | <urn:uuid:25fed09a-e3d4-4982-ae99-54b988667596> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.accaglobal.com/ca/en/business-finance/applying-finance/trade-loans.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.968753 | 286 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Symptoms of cervical cancer may not appear until the later stages of the disease. As the cancer spreads, symptoms can increase in severity and affect regions outside the pelvis.
The signs of cervical cancer are not unique. For example, symptoms of Infection and some other cancers, such as endometrial cancer, mimic those of cervical cancer. Thus, a diagnosis cannot be made on symptoms alone.
Common Signs & Symptoms
The most common symptom of cervical cancer is vaginal bleeding that can occur following intercourse, touching, between menstrual periods, or after menopause. Unusually heavy menstrual bleeding is also a symptom.
Some other signs include foul-smelling vaginal discharges and pain, especially in the pelvic region and during intercourse. Many women report burning, painful, or uncomfortable urination.
Other Signs & Symptoms
Cervical cancer can spread (a process called metastasis) to other organs. It grows by extending deeper into the uterus and to the vagina. Other pelvic organs commonly involved include the bladder and rectum. Additional symptoms may arise as the tumor spreads. Vaginal bleeding worsens and feces or urine may leak from the vagina. Pain in the pelvis intensifies and may spread to the back and legs. Loss of appetite and weight as well as fatigue, and a single swollen leg have also been reported. Other symptoms that occur in the genitourinary tract include constipation, blood in the urine, and blocked urine passage. However, these symptoms are rare because the cancer is usually detected in its early stages.
Extensive metastasis usually affects the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, and bone. Accumulation of fluid in one leg is a sign that the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, and an enlarged liver is diagnostic for liver involvement.
The majority of cervical cancers are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus does not often cause illness, and it can be eliminated by the hostís immune system. The HPV that can turn cells cancerous is different from the strains that cause genital warts. | <urn:uuid:c7a50c26-ca00-4090-900d-26f51403fe0f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.knowcancer.com/cancer-types/cervical-cancer/symptoms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00560-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946374 | 418 | 3.0625 | 3 |
On Monday, a telephone threat on two aircraft landing at John F. Kennedy International Airport forced authorities to search the planes upon their arrival. Officials said the American Airlines and Finnair flights were taken to an isolated area of the airport, surrounded by emergency vehicles and searched for explosives.
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey spokesperson Ron Marsico said that a threatening phone call suggested there could be explosives on the planes. The aircraft were isolated and searched, and the passengers were also interviewed and the pilots said nothing out of the ordinary had happened during their flights. Nothing was found, and the planes were given the all clear.
The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) also confirmed that both planes were given the all-clear. The agency said they were allowed to leave the isolated area and approach the gate. The search was conducted out of an abundance of caution following the threatening call, it added.
However, not everything was fine and dandy during authorities’ search for the alleged explosives. There was an intense conversation between the American Airlines pilot and the control tower. The pilot became angry when he was led to an isolated area, emergency vehicles surrounded his plane and no-one could tell him what was going on.
The American Airlines pilot can be heard in a recording of the conversation saying that “they” needed to get off the phone and give him some information pronto. He said that he was the captain of the aircraft and he needed to know what was going on. When the control tower insisted that the plane needed to wait where it was parked before the passengers disembarked, the pilot lost his temper a little. He said that there was a reason for them to be surrounded by emergency vehicles, and somebody needed to give him the reason or they would evacuate the plane.
The pilot threaten to carry out the evacuation in 60 seconds if he didn’t get any answers. Then the control tower asked if he could make a phone call to get the information and gave him a number to call. However, he demanded that the information be given to him over the frequency. Authorities subsequently told him what they knew.
Many people think that the pilot did the right thing by insisting that authorities give him a reason as to why his aircraft was being isolated and emergency vehicles were surrounding it. As the ‘captain of the ship’ so to speak, he’s entitled to know what’s going on with his ‘vessel’ at all times.
It would have also helped the situation on board with passengers, as there was nothing the pilot or flight attendants could tell them. Some people are certain to have panicked. American Airlines passenger Ben Rosamond said there were some shaken people on the plane, but the flight attendants kept what was going on quiet.
While passengers on both aircraft said they didn’t know about the bomb threat until after getting off the planes over an hour later, one passenger said different. Brian Teitelbaum, another American Airlines passenger, told reporters that the pilot announced over the intercom that he didn’t have any information about what was going on – only that they were being held because of a possible phone-in threat. This announcement was probably made after the pilot was given the reason for the fuss. | <urn:uuid:cc592350-9e2b-44f0-b880-eba8b6cbbd4d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://news.carrentals.co.uk/american-pilot-gets-angry-after-plane-is-surrounded-by-emergency-vehicles-and-isnt-told-why-34263808.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00452-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.991367 | 664 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Everyone and anyone could follow this year's Olympic Games and get real-time updates at any time via a smartphone or digital TV. Of course previous Olympics had always been a curated experience via TV, radio and online where broadcasters controlled what was streamed and what viewers would see around the world but this year felt slightly different. It was more sociable. We weren't just watching it, we were in it. No one had to miss out on a single thing and the power was with the fans to consume the Olympics exactly the way they wanted to via the social networks they know and love.
Updates and opinions were told daily in 140 characters. We could follow our favourite Olympians on Twitter. We could download a whole host of apps to tell us how the team were doing at all times. For the first time, the fans were given the opportunity to tell the story alongside the official commentators. It was a social experience, and for those unable to attend any events, following the excitement on social media was almost just as exciting. Whilst we watched interviews with the athletes after competing on TV, we saw tweets roll past with personalized messages from fans and whilst watching the opening and closing ceremony following Grace Dent's tweets was a great alternative if you didn't manage to get tickets.
The growth in mobile and social network users since the last Olympic Games has been truly staggering. Facebook grew from 100 to 900 million active users. Twitter grew from 100 million tweets per yearly quarter to 340 million tweets per day. The use of smartphones is sky high, up 456% from 18.9 million to 106.7 million this year. Every company under the sun now has social media strongly embedded in their online strategy and Team GB was to be no exception. Social media is the perfect way to get personality across, engage in real-time with fans and instigate one big conversation amongst the nation.
So, how did Team GB begin their big digital campaign? It started on 27 February 2012 by launching their brand new website and with it the real identity behind 'Our Greatest Team'. This was a new fresh approach to previous communication with the audiences and through social media it meant the fans could receive exclusive content, send in messages of support and really feel a sense of community in London and all over the world. Every upload onto the site gives that real-time impression too displaying how minutes ago the last photo was uploaded. The first thing to be seen on the site is the social buttons: G+ for daily blogging, Twitter to join the Olympics cocktail party of conversation, Facebook for visual content and YouTube for exclusive behind the scene clips.
Social networks connected us to the Olympians in a way like never before. The Team GB channels curated the content, but connecting personally with the voices of the athletes was something very special this year. We could talk to the individuals and congratulate them or wish them luck. Even Pride the Lion had his own Twitter account. The whole team could invite the entire 60 million people of the nation to join them on the Olympic journey through live content. Team GB reached that goal and Joe Morgan, Team GB's Digital Manager said he was "proud to say that we did that on Facebook alone - 62,000,000 people were reached in the two weeks with our content."
Team GB Live put London 2012 into the hands of the fans, providing them with a truly customized Olympic experience by letting them "remove the noise and follow just the athletes you like and the sports you're interested in". It allowed fans to stay completely up to date with all the latest news and plan their Olympics with the full, interactive Team GB event schedule. This allowed fans to customise their desktop or mobile app by choosing only the athletes, sports and venues they wanted to follow and get every London 2012 result straight to their device.
Team GB employed a team of four volunteers named the "Social Media Sports Commentators" who were trained up and briefed with the ambition and strategy who then worked 8 hour daily shifts to divide and conquer all of the events GB were competing in. This team had to learn the full strategy, tone of voice, crisis management procedure and even planned future hashtags like #aMOzingg (two g's for two golds) and #GoldenHoy. Every day they managed to get around 4 or 5 hashtags trending within 60 seconds(including #GoMo, #GoldWednesday, #BigBen). This is an example of how we can now broadcast in a less expensive and a lot more spontaneous way than before, but the long working hours and graft behind it is something that cannot be avoided.
As a way for fans to feel included, Team GB created a real time fan gallery that showed the fan story of the Olympics through the power of photos. This pin board of stories was created for and by the fans, showing wherever they were in the world and who they were cheering on; a key place for fans to share their own story. Fans could also receive a daily eCRM newsletter that wrapped up the previous day of competition and got everyone excited about the day ahead. By using the Team GB platforms the team increased awareness of the NGBs & Athletes simply by linking to their profiles to increase their fan base and ramp up the support for these individuals. By using 'Photo of the Day' albums - a visual wrap up of that days competition and highlights and including Cover Photo Poll meant fans choose what the Facebook cover photo should be for the day based on the main highlights of the day. It was also the posting of daily video content including exclusive behind the scenes video footage giving fans that inside scoop and sense of inclusiveness.
So what were the main results?
Team GB saw over 620% increase in social media fans/followers during the Olympics Games and over 2000% increase of media fans/followers since the start of the Our Greatest Team campaign in March.
• Over 35 million people engaged with #TeamGB or #OurGreatestTeam at some point during the Games.
• The Closing Ceremony Twitter conversation received over 65,000 Re-Tweets & Opening Ceremony Tweet received 45,000 Re-tweets.
• The hashtag #OurgreatestTeam averaged at 542,000 views per day with peaks on August 4th and August 12th at over 750,000.
• The hashtag #TeamGB averaged at 1.8 million views per day with peaks again on August 4th/12th at over 2.8 million.
• Over 60,000,000 people were reached on the Team GB Facebook page during the games reaching the goal of targeting our nation of 60 million people.
• On average over 2 million people were actively talking about Team GB during the games
• The top 5 Facebook posts had 909,915 likes, shared 74,153 times and received 25,789, engaging 1.9 million users and reaching over 11 million users in total.
So, what is next for Our Greatest Team and Team GB in terms of social and digital media? Of course there is expected to be a lapse and lull in engagement levels now that the Games are over, but with such a strong online community the job is far from done. What has been built over the course of the campaign is an online fan base for Team GB, an awareness of our country's sports, athletes and achievements. Now that Team GB now has over 1.6 million people that they can talk to on a daily basis with a new found motivation for sport, this is just the beginning of a powerful connection with our Olympic athletes and spirit of the Games, thanks to the power of social media.
*Sources = Nielsen, eMarketer, Forrester | <urn:uuid:72a3bef2-99f5-4db2-ad67-64c0243223ad> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/emma-gannon/team-gb-win-the-social-media-olympics_b_1853524.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971821 | 1,554 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Aspirin is the remedy for fungal plant problems, Black spot, powdery mildew, and rust are a terrible trio of fungi, which can attack and destroy your plants. Scientists have found that two uncoated aspirin tablets (325 milligrams each) dissolved in 1 quart of water and used as a foliage spray can thwart these diseases.
New variety of Hosta! White Feather has large pure white leaves that emerge in late spring/early summer. Throughout the summer green streaks develop on the foliage and lavender flowers rise up in summer.
How To Grow Corn: How To Grow Your Own Corn - Corn is one of the most popular vegetables you could grow in your garden. Everyone loves corn on the cob on a hot summer day drizzled with butter. Find tips on growing corn in the garden here. | <urn:uuid:8480c051-e327-4a51-985b-9e0156ba5dca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.pinterest.com/pin/108649409740156959/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00453-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926738 | 167 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The English Language Proficiency Assessment (ELPA) window opens on Wednesday, January 9, 2013. This assessment is required each year for all students eligible to receive NCLB Title III services. For additional information about the ELPA, please refer to Appendix H of the Test Administration Manual. In anticipation of the opening of the 2012-13 ELPA test window, ODE has the following reminders and recommendations (excerpted from the Test Administration Manual and the TA User Guide):
- Continuing in 2012-13, the ELPA is a single assessment made up of two segments. The first segment of the ELPA will include the Reading, Writing and Listening items. At the end of the first segment, students are given the opportunity to review their answers prior to finalizing them. Next, there is a second segment for the Speaking items. A separate Test Administrator (TA) approval is required for the speaking segment, so that districts can have local flexibility when scheduling administration of the speaking segment. Some districts will separate local test windows for the two segments, both for scheduling purposes and to prevent potential student fatigue.
- For each qualifying ELL student, the LEP flag must be set to "yes" in the student's SSID file and verified in the Test Information Distribution Engine (TIDE) in order for an ELPA opportunity to be presented to the student. Students will not be able to access the ELPA until this step has been done by the district.
- As districts and schools prepare to administer the ELPA, districts should check the computers being used for the ELPA to ensure all updates are installed and the computers are ready for the assessment. For example, JAVA or the headset drivers may need updated in order for the technology to meet the testing system's minimum requirements.
- Prior to logging a student in to the ELPA, TAs should review the internal volume on the computer and adjust as needed. For Windows systems, an internal low- to mid-volume setting for the ELPA is recommended. TAs should preview these settings prior to student arrival to ensure that the settings are at an acceptable level.
- For the ELPA speaking segment, each student must have a valid recording. Once again this year, the recording feature will be sensitive and may produce an error message even when a valid recording was registered. If a student gets an error message indicating that their speaking response may not have registered, the student should play back their recording. If the student can hear the recording, then the recording is valid and does not need to be re-recorded. In this case, the student should accept the response and move to their next item. If the student cannot clearly hear the recording, then the student should re-record the response after checking the volume and placement of the microphone. Once the student is satisfied with the recording, the student should accept the response and move to their next item.
- The data delivery table below outlines when student scores will be reported based upon the testing dates. Students must have completed and submitted both segments of the ELPA in order to receive a score.
*pending validation of calibrations
||Scoring Window (Approximate)
||Data Extract (from Hand Scoring to Quality Assurance)
||Data Delivery to ODE
||Data Delivery to Districts
||1/9 - 1/31
||2/1 - 2/15
||2/1 - 2/28
||3/4 - 3/15
||3/1 - 3/31
||4/2 - 4/15
||4/1 - 4/30
||5/2 - 5/14
- As with the other OAKS assessments, a student must complete and submit an ELPA test within 45 days of starting that test, otherwise the test opportunity will expire.
- A participation reminder about the ELPA: as opposed to the other OAKS assessments, students must complete 100% of the items administered in both segments to count for participation. Please see the Test Administration Manual, Appendix H, for details concerning the ELPA administration for students on IEPs.
- New for 2012-13, students on qualifying IEPs or 504 plans may be exempted from certain domains. Due to the nature of some students' disabilities, a student's IEP or 504 Plan might exempt the student from responding to a particular domain of the ELPA (reading, writing, speaking, or listening). For instance, students with a hearing impairment might have an IEP or 504 Plan that exempts them from the listening domain. New for 2012-13, as a restricted resource, districts may code ELPA domain exemptions in TIDE. This new restricted resource will ensure that the student does not receive any items from the exempted domain when taking the ELPA and will replace the need for TAs to enter false responses through the student interface as in past years. For students who test with this new restricted resource, the student's ELPA score will be generated based on the remaining domains. Please see the Test Administration Manual, Appendix H, for details concerning exempting domains on the ELPA. | <urn:uuid:2437ccc4-54a8-4fb8-a22a-194ecf1c0d1f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ode.state.or.us/news/announcements/announcement.aspx?ID=8788&TypeID=6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00097-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91197 | 1,045 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Good Science—Good Practice: Cognitive Ability Testing in Executive Assessments
General cognitive ability (GCA) remains the single most powerful and important predictor of job performance. I-O practitioners often include GCA in selection processes as a part of accepted best practice. Yet when looking at higher-level managerial jobs, many organization partners argue the relevance of cognitive ability testing given the perceived range restriction within this highly educated applicant group. Some organizations push back on cognitive ability testing at the most senior levels because of the academic achievements required and because of notion that social and emotional intelligence are arguably more valuable differentiators at this level. In addition, in a market that puts these higher-level candidates at a premium, recruiters consistently raise the issue of improving candidate experience by minimizing candidates’ time investment in assessment. Although the typical client organization is working to select from two to three top candidates, many candidates have at least one job offer in hand when coming in to interview. The argument boils down to this: They are all smart; we don’t need to measure problem solving.
I-O psychologists often work in settings where we need to demonstrate understanding of the current literature and provide a balanced discussion of cognitive ability testing. To update our own thinking we can look at several recent articles touching on elements of the cognitive ability discussion. In this article, we provide a case to refocus on job analysis as a way to support the use of specific cognitive ability assessments that align with cognitively laden tasks such as executive decision making.
Schmidt (2012) raises a challenge to the notion that content validity is not an appropriate model for cognitive ability. An approach that does not include content validity leaves us saying “trust my expertise” to our partners when looking at specific managerial jobs because the numbers are often too low for criterion-related validity studies. In our practice, we have often relied on the research supporting g, or generalized cognitive ability, to support the need for cognitive testing. The Schmidt article demonstrates that with the proper job-analytic and content-validity procedures, cognitive ability measures—including tests that are de facto measures of GCA—can demonstrate content validity in addition to criterion-related and construct validity.
Because we have long known that GCA underlies performance of all kinds and that leaders are tasked with challenging decisions, our job analysis attention has turned to other elements of the leader’s role. Local criterion-related validation studies are often not possible because of sample size. We rely on validity-generalization studies and transfer validity based on studies published in manuals. Schmidt’s description of the observable outputs from cognitive tasks illustrates that problem-solving inputs and outputs are observable. He describes that all tasks, including typing, have an associated mental process and that the distinction of problem solving as mental rather than observable is a false one.
Kehoe (2012) further clarifies Schmidt’s argument by suggesting that all KSAOs have a cognitive element to them—that KSAOs and work behavior are manifestations of specific cognitive capabilities. Thus, executive roles can be analyzed to identify the work behaviors critical to successful analysis and decision making. Therefore, he argues, “appropriate experts” should be able to identify the specific measurable cognitive abilities that underlie KSAOs and ultimately job behavior. Kehoe summarizes the series of arguments required to support content validity evidence for cognitive ability tests.
- Identify the cognitive skills and aptitudes associated with the work domain and the link between these behaviors and job performance through job analysis and expert evaluation.
- Identify an appropriate sample of the work content domain for testing; this should include the work content that is most important for job performance.
- Experts must match the test content to the work content, which is a key part of the content validation argument.
- Based on 1–3, content evidence supports the inference that the test content represents the cognitive skills and aptitudes required for successful performance on the job.
Kehoe recommends that while the Principles suggest that content validity supports the argument for utilizing tests as a predictor in the selection process, we can do better. The author suggests that, when working with cognitive ability tests in the selection context, an additional step should be taken in the job analysis process. Specifically, the author argues that experts should “rate the extent to which each operationalized skill/aptitude included in the test is identified with more GCA factors.” When job descriptions have terms such as learning agility, strategic thinking, and risk management, there is an opportunity to define the tasks relative to GCA by linking the skills/aptitudes.
Strategic decision making is an example of a job task that relies, in part, on cognitive ability. This is a common KSAO in executive-level job descriptions that has different implications and meaning depending on the context in which it is required. There may be task differences based on the maturity or degree of complexity within the industry space for the executive role. An interesting read for practitioners that describes strategic decision making (McKensie, Woolk, van Winkelen & Morgan, 2009) proposes a model that essentially identifies the cognitive skills required to deal with paradox. The authors emphasize the need for complementary thinking strategies across conditions of uncertainty, ambiguity and contradiction. They interviewed six CEOs as a form of job analysis on strategic decision making to assess their proposed model. They identified three key tasks: framing the problem space, evaluating contradictory requirements, and committing to meaningful choices. These are examples of cognitive tasks that may appear in a job analysis. The authors blended the emotional elements of decision making such as comfort with ambiguity and an ability to manage the anxiety that can come from holding contradictory positions with the cognitive elements of decision making. In 2005, Menkes described the concept of “executive reasoning” as comprising both intellectual and social reasoning in a Harvard Business Review article, entitled “Hiring Smart.” Postformal thought allows adults to synthesize competing views rather than defining an either/or solution. This article provides a solid description of the thinking and emotional tasks within strategic decision making, which can enrich our job analysis for our senior-level jobs.
Finally, Reeder, Powers, Ryan, and Gibby (2012) explored several individual-difference variables and their relationship to how job candidates perceive selection assessments. Of the several experiential-type of predictors examined (previous experience with assessments, job experience, past success in similar assessment situations, knowledge of the job), they reported that knowledge of the job is an important predictor of the candidate’s opinion (positive or negative) of the selection assessments.
Keeping a fresh perspective opens up opportunities to enrich the leadership selection conversation with our HR peers. First, by spending more energy conceptualizing and building the job analysis and specific cognitive abilities leading to content validity, we are drawing a clear picture for why we recommend GCA measures for a particular role. With the richer job analysis information, case studies and simulated decision-making assessments that tap specific cognitive abilities can be enhanced. We have to continue to be better describers of jobs and skills in order to support the organization’s thinking. In highly changing industries, such as healthcare, I-O psychologists have an important role to play in helping organizations understand implications for job duties, behaviors, and specific abilities that lead to success.
Helping hiring managers understand the content validity evidence for cognitive abilities and providing shared understanding of the cognitive skills that underlie successful performance assists them in having richer candidate discussions during integration sessions. The case for face validity is also enhanced when clear connections are drawn, such that recruiters and candidates see the relevance of the assessments. Transparency into the link between cognitive components of managerial jobs and the selection tools is heightened by leveraging this group of articles.
Kehoe, J. F. (2012). What to make of content validity evidence for cognitive tests? Comments on Schmidt. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 20(1), 14–18.
McKenzie, J., Morgan, C., Woolf, N., & van Winkelen, C. (2009). Cognition in strategic decision making. A model of non-conventional thinking capacities for complex situations. Management Decision, 46(2), 209–232.
Menkes, Justin. (2005). Hiring smart. Harvard Business Review, 83(11), 100–109.
Reeder, M. C., Powers, C. L., Ryan, A. M., & Gibby, R. E. (2012). The role of person characteristics in perceptions of the validity of cognitive ability testing. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 20(1), 53–64.
Schmidt, F. L. (2012). Cognitive tests used in selection can have content validity as well as criterion validity: A broader research review and implications for practice. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 20(1), 1–13.
Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. (2003). Principles for the validation and use of personnel selection procedures (4th ed.) Bowling Green, OH: Author. | <urn:uuid:0f9e6551-9ff6-45ad-b2cf-c2ace4d7f827> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.siop.org/tip/oct12/20giberson.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00293-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926009 | 1,848 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Brief introduction of electric operation performance (electric) ? the operation platform is a comprehensive motor operation, power system adopts imported electric putter, use it to carry out for chest surgery, Department of orthopedics, Department of ENT, Department of Urology, brain operation. ? the chassis cover, column jackets are molded by stamping of imported stainless steel mould. ? this operation with integral lift, tilt, tilt, back lifting function. ? operation table matching layer, placed the cassette. ? operation platform is provided with hanging Department of orthopedics operation traction, traction frame landing supporting, traction angle can be arbitrary regulation. ? operation table can lift waist bridge under the optional, adjustable abdominal operation position. ? imported from Denmark LINAK brand linear motor. ? operation platform is provided with the selection of craniocerebral operation frame mounting hole, can be up and down, left and right adjustment craniocerebral operation position. Using the table of poly foam molding polyurethane one-time mold, the seat board, leg board is provided with a concave opening is convenient for operation, the operation, and anti-static, easy to wash. The bed body or the main universal mechanism comprises a waterproof corrugated sleeve decoration, easy expansion, the bed body tilt when molding, waterproof, anti-corrosion, easy to clean. Hand the board surface is provided with an arc groove, which can avoid the arm when the rolling operation. Equipped with adjustable tied with, both sides can be arbitrarily adjusted.
- Operation: : electrical
- Features: : lifting, height-adjustable | <urn:uuid:e44f05de-f1c8-41ca-b43e-ca04775541a5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://healthmanagement.org/products/view/electrical-surgery-table-height-adjustable-lifting-dh-s103b-kanghui-technology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00415-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.856655 | 328 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Discrimination happens in almost every aspect of our lives including personal, business and family. However, discrimination in the workplace is illegal and not to be taken lightly. In this day and age an employee must be able to prove unfavorable treatment by the employer and it must be based on an illegal bias. There are steps one can take to prove discrimination based on race, age, national origin, sex, creed, religion, color or disability (Floyd, 2000). In this paper I will be discussing a few of these steps.
The first step that must be taken is to find the employee's position. The employee must show that he/she is a member of a protected class and that he/she has suffered adverse employment action. Everyone is a member of at least one protected class because gender or sex is a category. The protected classes are those that are protected under law and many people form at least one protected category; women, people with disabilities or handicaps, different nationalities, etc (Congressional Quarterly Inc.
What is meant by adverse employment action? An adverse employment action is anything done by the employer that affects the employee's job. This can include position, title, hours, vacation and even whether or not a person is hired. In my job, four of the women (part of the protected class by law) brought a sexual harassment charge against a man in the office. After the charge was made "public" the women in the office were being treated unfairly. There were remarks made about them and the men in the office would no longer talk to the women because of the allegation. Two of the women lost bonuses because of the issue but yet the harasser got his full bonus. I believe this is adverse employment... | <urn:uuid:8850d4e3-9c9d-46f8-80c8-9ef5a5f75831> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.writework.com/essay/proving-discrimination | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00441-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979478 | 349 | 2.765625 | 3 |
What does a call provision allow issuers to do, and why would they do it?
Answer to relevant QuestionsList the differences between the new TIPS and traditional Treasury bonds. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the current yield computation versus yield to maturity calculations. Explain why high income and wealthy people are more likely to buy a municipal bond than a corporate bond.A 6.5 percent coupon bond with 14 years left to maturity is priced to offer a 7.2 percent yield to maturity. You believe that in one year, the yield to maturity will be 6.8 percent. What is the change in price the bond will ...A corporate bond with a 6.5 percent coupon has 15 years left to maturity. It has had a credit rating of BBB and a yield to maturity of 7.2 percent. The firm has recently gotten into some trouble and the rating agency is ...
Post your question | <urn:uuid:2bc39cd3-6e25-4a09-be91-6b219c1a59f5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.solutioninn.com/what-does-a-call-provision-allow-issuers-to-do-and | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00090-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956343 | 183 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Finding the right camera is a process, though it doesn’t a have to be a difficult one if you know what you’re looking for. You may have decided you either want to buy a new camera, or upgrade to something that better suits your goals. Either way, options exist, and they come with some variety.
But which type of camera do you go for? A DSLR for old school mechanics in the digital age? A mirrorless camera for the benefits of a DSLR in a smaller body? Or a point-and-shoot to go really portable and open up other creative avenues that way?
As a current or aspiring video creator, you want a camera that does everything you need it to, the way you want it to. Let’s go through the various types to see what you think fits best.
DSLR cameras have a direct lineage to the film SLRs of yesteryear, and it’s why their bodies are often bigger than other cameras. The main reason is the mirror inside. This is the piece that, when you press the shutter button to snap a photo, flips up to expose the image sensor inside to the scene coming through the lens. In the old days, film would be exposed that way instead of a sensor.
The advantage of having the mirror is that you see what it sees through the optical viewfinder. Peek through it, and you can easily frame your shot, even when the camera is off. Another advantage is that many DSLRs use familiar lens mounts, allowing you to use both older and newer lenses, including great ones from the days of film.
Shooting good video
While you may think of a DSLR purely from a photo perspective, they have become extremely adept at shooting high-quality video, up to 4K resolution, and 8K likely just around the corner. You have large displays in the rear to also capture footage that way, with full control over composition. Things like, exposure, shutter speed, aperture, ISO, metering, focal point, and so much more are right at your fingertips. Oftentimes, you can also save a group of settings and assign it to a specific button on the back.
As great as DSLRs often are, they can be cumbersome to take with you. If a lot of your video is stationary, where you mount it on a tripod, or use a gimbal or flat surface, then it may not be as big a drawback. But if you’re more active and shoot handheld a vast majority of the time, you should factor in the size and weight. Even more so if you’re using a stabilizer gimbal, which itself has heft to accommodate the camera.
Also consider what you might want to expand on the camera itself at a later time. You may want other lenses to increase your range and the focal lengths you’re capable of shooting. Or you may need smaller tripods, which would also have to be able to handle the weight. Maybe you want to attach a rig, so you can add handles or other supporting gear to help produce great content.
DSLRs have large image sensors, and you will want those if you’re aspiring to make footage look highly detailed and cinematic. That helps with focus, where the foreground is nice and crisp, and the background bokeh nicely blurred. Larger sensors are also much better in low-light situations. When you need to shoot at night or in poorer lighting conditions, that sensor can make a world of a difference.
Depending on how you plan to shoot footage, look out for any disclaimers referring to how long you can shoot in 4K (or higher). The reason why is because doing it for 30 minutes or so can make the camera heat up. It’s more common than you think, but something to look for, in any case.
Mirrorless cameras offer a lot of value because of what they’re capable of relative to their size. They also continue to get better, and that’s what helps make them so compelling. You get some of the performance perks of a DSLR, only in a smaller and lighter body. By taking out the mirror assembly inside, manufacturers can reduce the size and use electronic viewfinders to emulate the DSLR experience.
For a video creator, there’s a lot of value in that. Some mirrorless cameras come with full-frame image sensors, putting them on par with their DSLR counterparts. Others use APS-C sensors that are cropped, but are still highly capable in spite of their reduced size. These cameras now routinely offer 4K video recording, and have become the go-to for swaths of content creators out there.
Taking further advantage
The lack of a mirror reduces the focal distance between the sensor and lens mount, which has its benefits. These cameras can often handle a wide variety of lenses, not just from the manufacturer who made the camera, but also aftermarket makers who develop their own. Some lenses differ in both focal range and aperture, giving you real food for thought in what you could produce. Use an adapter, and suddenly, you can also utilize DSLR lenses on top of it all.
The reduced size also makes it much easier to mount onto any support you’re using. Be it a tripod of varying height or size, a stabilizer gimbal, or some other mount, you’re likely going to have an easier time with a mirrorless camera than you would a DSLR.
The technology also continues to get better. Camera manufacturers release firmware updates to improve upon, or add, new features. Things like eye detection come to mind, but there are more.
You may be tempted to take a mirrorless camera everywhere, including active scenarios. You would need to be careful as they aren’t made to be action cameras in the way a GoPro is, for example. There’s no waterproofing, and you do want to be careful not to let dust or sand get into any of the crevices or electronics inside.
That doesn’t mean you can’t experiment and have fun doing what you’re doing, just that you need to consider how delicate a mirrorless camera (and its lenses) can be sometimes. Be a little cautious, and you’re likely to reap real rewards.
They don’t make point-and-shoot cameras like they used to, and that’s not entirely a bad thing. Needless to say, these are the easiest to take anywhere, coming in far smaller than their DSLR and mirrorless counterparts. The trade-off is you get smaller image sensors and may not be able to shoot in 4K. But if 1080p HD is good enough for you, then you certainly have a place to start here.
What sets these cameras apart from, say, smartphones is the size of the image sensor and the granular controls available. You can shoot video with full control over composition, if you like. You have the advantage of using a memory card over a phone’s own storage. And lastly, there is a subset of point-and-shoots built to work in rugged conditions.
Things to consider
Aside from the image sensor, the size and optical zoom of the lens is also a considerable factor. Phones rely more on hybrid or digital zoom to close the gap in distance, whereas point-and-shoots can often see further optically with no real degradation.
If you’re a video creator looking for a second camera to capture a different angle, a point-and-shoot may serve as a nice complement to a primary rig. If your DSLR or mirrorless handles the primary shooting responsibilities, you can always position the point-and-shoot to capture the scene from a different angle. For instance, if you like doing some talking head clips, you can change up the angle when video editing using the two clips.
If you’re just starting out as a video creator, and your camera knowledge is limited, a point-and-shoot could be a good place to start. You learn the fundamentals, and even if you graduate to a mirrorless or DSLR, you can still keep the smaller camera as a backup.
Get the camera that suits you
Seasoned video creators know that learning the tools and tricks of the trade take time, and that includes the features and subtleties of the camera. It’s a journey that should open the gates to your creative expression, regardless of what you feel your level of expertise is. Go with what you feel fits best, or what you believe will enable you to hit new heights. | <urn:uuid:8cc63a90-e166-491a-bc9b-ca23f6ce8d89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.bestbuy.ca/photography/cameras-camcorders/should-you-buy-a-mirrorless-camera-a-dslr-or-point-and-shoot-camera | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.949053 | 1,813 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Volume 4 Issue 8 - April 15, 2006
The good, the bad and the ugly face of Indian Civil Services Examination for disabled aspirants
With the Civil Services Examination (Preliminary) barely a month away, bright disabled people are once again being denied legitimate concessions to enable them an equal playing field to compete in these exams. Parvinder Singh takes a look at the struggle of the disability sector and disabled individuals to find a place in India’s elite bureaucratic services.
Sunita’s anxiety is hitting its peak as the date of 14 May 2006 comes closer in her calendar. She holds on to the very last glimmer of hope. In a different place, Sunil is going through a similar battle in his mind. These two young people fear the worst, as on this date when hundreds of thousands of young men and women take a shot at the coveted Indian Civil Services, they could be sitting inside their homes reminiscing on a battle that ended even before it began.
Both are disabled and caught on the wrong side of rules laid for appearing for Civil Services Examination (C.S.E.).
Sunita Dogra is waiting to hear from the Department of Personnel and Training (D.o.P.T) on her appeal for being allowed a scribe for writing her examination as she cannot use both upper limbs since birth. Sunil Kumar is hoping for an even greater miracle, as he has gone to the Delhi High Court asking why disabled people are not allowed same number of attempts as is allowed to other categories that are given reservation. The Court has deferred the hearing till September 2006, while adding that the legislature should take a policy decision.
The issue of opening the coveted bureaucratic services to disabled people has now assumed the status of a movement, a decade after the Disability Act was passed mandating three per cent reservation for disabled people. In this movement, disabled aspirants and organisations advocating their rights have seen moments of hope, despair and victory.
With the latest show of apathy, bordering on blatant discrimination, D.o.P.T., that frames guidelines for appearing in the C.S.E, has once again come under focus.
In the ongoing hearing on the petition in the Delhi High Court, the D.o.P.T. has filed an affidavit claiming that such allowing more attempts will provide an unfair advantage to disabled candidates over other candidates! Though it concedes that like other disadvantaged social sections, disabled people have great difficulty in pursuing their education.
In February 2005, Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh issued a landmark order opening some of the top Group A and Group B services to disabled candidates. The Ministries controlling the other central services, like Indian Police Service, Indian Foreign Service and Indian Forest Service were asked to examine the applicability of the Persons with Disability Act, 1995 and reservation of 3 per cent in these respective services. This order was music to the ears of the disability sector and particularly disabled aspirants as they could now dare to dream for the best.
But this path-breaking order needs to be seen in the backdrop of an earlier victory for two disabled men, Rigzian Sampheal and Lokesh Kumar. Both of them had cleared the C.S.E. and scored ranks that entitled them to the Indian Administrative Service (I.A.S.) yet they were offered appointments at a much lower scale in the Indian Information Service.
D.o.P.T. offered a bizarre logic for not being able to appoint them in I.A.S. It said that since no posts had been identified for disabled people in I.A.S., they could not be placed in that service and were instead forced into Indian Information Service.
The two finally got justice and were appointment to I.A.S. only after the Disabled Rights Group (D.R.G.) took up their cause. The Delhi High Court also admitted it as a Public Interest Litigation (P.I.L.) in February 2004.
Coming back to this year’s examination, on India’s 57th Republic Day, National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People (N.C.P.E.D.P.) wrote a letter to the Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Suresh Pachouri. It was pointed out that while candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes (S.C.) and Scheduled Tribes (S.T.) have unlimited number of attempts till the age of 35, and Other Backward Castes (O.B.C.) candidates have seven attempts till the age of 33; disabled candidates despite 10 years of age relaxation are not allowed more than four attempts.
“You would agree that people with disabilities face lot of impediments in accessing educational opportunities due to physical, economic, attitudinal and systemic barriers. These barriers result in delayed attempts at completing education and entering the job market,” said N.C.P.E.D.P. Executive Director Javed Abidi in the letter, while asking the Minister to issue necessary directions to U.P.S.C. for increasing the number of attempts for disabled civil service aspirants and allowing them unlimited attempts as in the case of S.C. and S.T. candidates. However, no favourable response has been received so far from the Minister on the issue.
The examination, which produce India’s top-ranking bureaucrats, have in the past two decades emerged as the canvas of new India, reflecting political, economic and social empowerment of historically marginalised sections of society. But disabled people have been denied similar participation in these services despite a decade having passed by since the Disability Act mandated three per cent reservation in Government services.
If Sunita and Sunil are allowed to appear in the Preliminary on 14 May 2006, they, as disabled candidates, will have option of 19 services identified for disabled people as compared to only seven a year back. This is good news and a call to the aspiring young disabled men and women to claim their legitimate place among the ranks of country’s top policy makers.
DNIS is produced and managed by:
National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People
Screening Guidelines to be followed by CISF Security Staff for Passengers with Disabilities at Indian Airports
Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill
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CRPD Monitoring Report
20 Stories of Change(book)
- List of Awardees 2015 :NCPEDP MPHASIS Universal Design Awards (2.7 MB)
- List of Awardees 2014 :NCPEDP MPHASIS Universal Design Awards (1 MB)
- List of Awardees 2013 :NCPEDP MPHASIS Universal Design Awards (1.44 MB)
- List of Awardees 2012 :NCPEDP MPHASIS Universal Design Awards (804 KB)
- List of Awardees 2011 :NCPEDP MPHASIS Universal Design Awards (864 KB)
- List of Awardees 2010 :NCPEDP MPHASIS Universal Design Awards (623 KB)
SHELL HELEN KELLER AWARDS
NCPEDP-Shell Helen Keller Awardees 2013
- The good, the bad and the ugly face of Indian Civil Services Examination for disabled aspirants
- Inclusive Education to receive unprecedented focus through S.S.A.; Sub-Mission announced
- Assembly polls see debut of Braille-enabled E.V.M.s in Assam, but very few ramps
- N.C.P.E.D.P partners with C.I.I. for Conference on Disability
- Disabled girl’s dream of joining I.A.S. nipped in the bud
- Goa becomes the first to announce State Disability Policy
- Social Justice March by disabled political activists reaches Delhi
- Disabled women in Orissa step out to press for their demands on World Women’s Day
- M.S.J.E. clears over one billion rupee to D.T.C. to make public transport disabled-friendly
- Jawaharlal Nehru University gearing for disabled-friendly initiatives
- Exhibition involving mentally disabled youth, India’s best painters breaks the charity mould
Disability News and Information Service is produced and managed by: | <urn:uuid:569dfa04-ee48-452d-99c8-4846bb4805c6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dnis.org/features.php?issue_id=8&volume_id=4&features_id=112&i=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00410-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948276 | 1,707 | 1.648438 | 2 |
a small tree, Cotinus obovatus, of the cashew family, of the central southern U.S., having yellowish flowers and clusters of fleshy fruit with silky plumes.
- American spanish
Spanish as used in Latin America. Abbreviation: AmerSp. Contemporary Examples NBCUniversal Telemundo Spanish networks paid $600 million for American Spanish TV rights. Rupert Murdoch Bets a Half-Billion Dollars That the Next World Cup Will Be Even Bigger in America Evan Weiner June 29, 2014
- American staffordshire terrier
one of an American breed of strong, muscular terriers, originally developed in England, with a short, close-lying, stiff coat of any color or combination of colors except solid white.
- American standard version
. a revision of the Bible, based chiefly on the Revised Version of the Bible, published in the U.S. in 1901. noun a revised version of the Authorized (King James) Version of the Bible, published by a committee of American scholars in 1901
- American star
2 . a starlike charge having five points unless a greater number is specified, used especially as the cadency mark of a third son. noun any of various teleost food fishes belonging to the families Mugilidae (grey mullet) or Mullidae (red mullet) See also grey mullet, red mullet the US name for grey mullet noun […] | <urn:uuid:a2b7697a-98b9-4f4d-abe5-33b63e038f4e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://definithing.com/define-dictionary/american-smoke-tree/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00203-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.882465 | 292 | 2.484375 | 2 |
District GATE Information
All third-grade students in Petaluma City Schools are given a GATE (Gifted and Talented Education) qualification assessment. A parent may request testing for an older student during the district-wide window. Students who are identified as GATE may receive adjusted instruction and assignments within their regular education classroom. GATE instruction varies by school.
Teachers and administration work to ensure that the needs of all GATE students are being met.
The cycle for GATE identification includes information gathering from multiple sources. Students are qualified through a committee process that analyzes multiple criteria including standardized test scores, teacher and parent observations and anecdotes, the student profile, and the results of the CogAT (Cognitive Abilities Test).
GATE Update May 2021
Hello PCS Third Grade Families,
Every year our Gifted and Talented Education (GATE) identification cycle occurs in winter and early spring. The cycle for GATE identification consists of a cognitive abilities screener assessment, identification and recommendation of gifted and talented students, and parent confirmation of their student being identified as GATE in our district. This year, our cycle has been interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The testing process requires that we test all students in person. Given the restrictions that have been and continue to be in place, we have postponed GATE testing in our district to the Fall of 2021.
When we return in person this Fall, we will test our current third-grade students (who will then be fourth-grade students) by September 30, 2021. We will complete identifying GATE students from the Fall testing and notify families of the results.
In February and March, we will shift back to our normal cycle of testing the third-grade students (who are currently second-grade students). We will review the results from those assessments to identify GATE students and share the results with families.
If you have any questions, please email Jason Sutter, Director of Educational Services email@example.com.
McKinley GATE Coordinator for 2021-22: Glenn Berry | <urn:uuid:dc6e139a-c2e1-4d7d-9698-9e1e1ba5a4c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.petalumacityschools.org/Domain/615 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.94634 | 428 | 2.3125 | 2 |
On January 7, the streets of Oakland erupted into an orgy of property damage when a protest honoring murdered Hayward resident Oscar Grant turned violent. Helicopters buzzed over the downtown skyline, and you could feel tension in the air. Eyewitness accounts tell of protesters breaking store windows, setting cars on fire, and throwing bottles from rooftops. Videos show angry mobs trying to tip over police cars as officers in riot gear hung from the sides of an armored truck. By the time the rioting was quelled, more than one hundred people had been arrested. Journalist JR Valrey was among them.
One week before, in the early hours of New Year's Day, Grant had been shot in the back by BART cop Johannes Mehserle at the Fruitvale BART station. Cell-phone footage of the shooting was soon all over the Internet, and the protest was organized to demand justice for the slain 22-year-old and his family. Valrey attended not so much as an observer but as a participant.
Valrey is what you might call an advocacy journalist. With his KPFA radio segement The Block Report, his job as associate editor for San Francisco Bay View newspaper, and his position as the so-called "Minister of Information" for the Prisoners of Conscience Committee (POCC), he has become known for covering police shootings. When he reached the protest, he did something no mainstream journalist would do: He took the mike and spoke to the crowd, demanding justice not just for Grant, but also for other victims of police violence.
"Why didn't people come out when Bay Area police officers murdered unarmed Terrence Mearis, unarmed Casper Bajo, unarmed Anita Gaye, unarmed Gary King, unarmed Gus Rugley, unarmed Cammerin Boyd, unarmed Idriss Stelley, or when the police terrorized fifteen-year-old unarmed Laronte Studesville, unarmed Randy Murphy, or unarmed Nadra Foster?" Valrey asked the crowd. "Is it because these cases were not caught on camera?"
By sunset the protest was dying down, and Valrey says he left to meet some friends. But about one hour later, he says he got a call that there was rioting downtown. When he returned, he saw dozens of police in a huge circle on 14th Street and Broadway, occupying the intersection in front of City Hall. According to his Bay View article "Oakland rebellion: Eyewitness report by POCC Minister of Information JR," protesters shouted slogans at the police as angry bands of people smashed car windshields and storefronts with skateboards, their feet, and other objects. Valrey said he began taking photographs.
Mayor Ron Dellums soon made an appearance, walking through the angry crowd, as Valrey put it, "like black Jesus." The mayor made his way across Broadway to the Civic Center area and then delivered a short speech in which he called for civility to prevail. Valrey says Dellums was swiftly booed off stage and retreated back to the safety of City Hall. The rioting soon resumed. Windows were smashed, cars and trash cans were set ablaze, and protesters taunted officers or lay down in front of police lines with their faces down and their hands behind their backs, mimicking the posture of Oscar Grant when he was shot. According to Valrey's article, the police began breaking into groups of six or seven and rushing rioters, tackling and arresting anyone in the vicinity.
Valrey says two officers chased and tackled him while he was taking photographs by the Federal Building. He spent the night in Santa Rita Jail and was charged with felony arson, which carries a possible sentence of three years in a state penitentiary. In all, 160 people were arrested on the night of January 7, mostly on misdemeanor charges. All but ten subsequently had the charges against them dropped. Just four people, including Valrey, are still facing felony charges.
Oakland police would not release information describing the events the leading up to his arrest. Valrey also declined to go into greater detail, claiming that he doesn't want to compromise his defense. But he insists that he is innocent. "I have no history of arson, when I was arrested there was no lighter, no matches, not even paper to light anything."
Valrey claims his arrest was payback for his years of covering police brutality. "I was covering it as a journalist," he said. "But one thing that's different about me from the rest of the rebels is that the Oakland police know me. ... I'm not a stranger to the power structure of Oakland, so I believe like many others that I was targeted politically. ... We were basically set up on trumped-up charges."
His lawyer, Marlon Monroe, says the case against Valrey is weak and will fail: "There's no physical evidence that they can pin on JR, despite the fact that there were several officers who witnessed the arrest, as well as news cameras."
In the meantime, the arrest has given Valrey plenty of fodder for The Block Report and the Bay View. In the weeks since the riots, he has written eyewitness accounts, interviewed people present at the rioting, and run radio shows interviewing family members of Oscar Grant. He hasn't hesitated to use the KPFA airwaves and pages of the Bay View to call for community support in fighting his felony charges.
But Valrey hasn't just covered the riots and their aftermath. He has participated in "town bizness meetings" focused on what Valrey calls "police terrorism." He has helped organize POCC political actions, including a boycott of BART on what would have been Grant's 23rd birthday. And he has defended the Oakland riots as a necessary means of getting the city's attention.
Valrey has become the mouthpiece of an anti-police movement that has grown since Grant's shooting. He even defends the actions of cop killer Lovelle Mixon as a "heroic day of resistance against the police." As unpopular as these sentiments make him in many quarters, he has become a beacon for the anger that smoulders among some members of Oakland's black community.
Perhaps emblematically, his voice can be heard at the end of a new song, "Fuck the Police, We Ain't Listening," by Oakland rapper Beeda Weeda. The song begins with sound bites from news reports about the rioting, and then the chorus kicks in, Fuck the police, we ain't listening, Beeda sings. Wanna push us? Wanna push us? Motherfucker, keep pushing. Burn this bitch to the ground and leave the whole city cooking. At the song's end, Valrey delivers a brief spiel before the fade-out:
This is POCC minister of information JR at BlockReportRadio.com. We changing what they call rioting into what we call rebelling. We wasn't just tearing shit up, we were rebelling against injustices. ... We don't need just one cop arrested, we need a whole new motherfucking system.
Clearly, JR Valrey is not your typical police reporter.
Valrey is no stranger to controversy. The thirty-year-old has been voicing his often-confrontational opinions on The Block Report for five years now. The show began as a segment called "From the Belly of the Beast" on KPFA's Hard Knock Radio. It eventually moved to Flashpoints, a daily political news show hosted by Dennis Bernstein. Flashpoints airs The Block Report sporadically, typically once or twice a week. It also airs locally on KPOO, as well as on stations in Atlanta; Los Angeles; New York; Washington, DC; and elsewhere.
Valrey says he uses his journalism to "bring it to the powers that be." He ridicules so-called "kiss-ass journalists" who warn him that he is cutting his own throat by being so up-front about his allegiances.
"I get criticism all the time because the positions I take are not the popular ones that someone who wants a career in corporate journalism would take," Valrey said. "I get more praise for what I do though. Way more praise."
Some of Valrey's positions include justifying the vandalism of the "Oakland rebellions," speaking in defense of Your Black Muslim Bakery, and glorifying the actions of Lovelle Mixon, who murdered four Oakland police officers on March 21 before being gunned down himself in a shoot-out.
"To me, a great journalist is not somebody who has everyone agreeing with them, it's somebody who strikes a chord," he said. "Whether you like what I write or you hate what I write, I don't want you to feel indifferent about what I write."
Although his journalism didn't begin as overtly political, Oakland's history of black self-empowerment has been a clear influence on Valrey's politics and approach to journalism. "I was influenced politically by my grandmother, who talked a lot about the Black Panthers," he recalled. "A lot of the ideas of the Black Panthers, like communalism, and collectiveness, we practiced as a family in general. At the same time I was reading stuff like Huey Newton and Malcolm X."
His career in journalism began after he attended a summer journalism program at San Francisco State as an eleventh grader. While attending St. Joseph's Catholic School in Alameda, he wrote an article about the racism that he said he and other nonwhite students faced within the Catholic school system. The article was published in the San Francisco Examiner on the same day that O.J. Simpson was found not guilty, and consequently received a lot of attention. When a teacher mentioned in the article threatened to sue, several local journalists came to Valrey's defense.
"They came to my defense and I really saw the power of journalism in my own life," Valrey recalled. When the teacher in question learned he had the support of the Examiner's lawyers, Valrey says she had a "religious transformation" and decided not to sue. "When I had seen the power of journalism, I saw that I could use it in the interests of not just myself but to get justice for my community."
Since 2002, Valrey has been on the staff of the San Francisco Bay View, where he covers issues of concern to the black community. For the past two years, he has been the paper's associate editor. Managing Editor Willie Ratcliff stands behind Valrey and his work, which covers international issues like the war in the Congo and political turmoil in Haiti, as well as local issues such as prison activism and police harassment.
Ratcliff said the paper receives a lot of praise for Valrey's work, which he has helped to direct. "I've tried to teach him not to use things just to provoke people and make them mad," Ratcliff said plaintively. "When you use language like 'pig,' you're just gonna get people mad. But he's learning."
Valrey says both his writing and his radio show are vehicles for his work with the Prisoners of Conscience Committee, a self-proclaimed revolutionary organization founded by Fred Hampton Jr., the son of the assassinated Black Panther of the same name. The committee was conceived of during the 1990s, while Hampton Jr. spent nine years in jail for aggravated arson. The charge was related to the firebombing of a Korean grocery during the 1992 rioting following the acquittal of officers responsible for beating Rodney King.
The POCC describes itself as "an organization that consists of African Revolutionary Freedom Fighters whose agenda is to liberate the minds and hearts of African and colonized people." The committee refers to prisons as concentration camps, gentrification as "land grabbing," police enforcement as "police terrorism," and drugs and alcohol as "chemical and biological warfare."
It was that last viewpoint that led Valrey to take one of his more infamously controversial positions as a journalist — defending the vandalism of two Oakland liquor stores.
In November 2005, about a dozen black men dressed in sharp suits and bow ties were caught on camera trashing a local liquor store. One of the men was identified from surveillance camera footage as then twenty-year-old Yusuf Bey IV. Bey was the leader of Your Black Muslim Bakery, an Oakland business once known for encouraging black self-empowerment, but steadily gaining a reputation for violence and intimidation. The footage, which showed the men breaking bottles and smashing windows with golf clubs, was run on television news tirelessly. The story was front-page news across the Bay Area. But only one journalist was able to interview Bey. That was JR Valrey.
Yusuf Bey IV was the son of bakery founder Yusuf Bey, whose organization and followers have been implicated in a number of crimes dating as far back as 1968. In 2002, the elder Bey was charged with 27 counts of felony sex crimes, charges he never had to face in court because he succumbed to cancer prior to his pending trial. After his death, two successors were killed under mysterious circumstances before the younger Bey took the reins in 2005.
At the time of the vandalism, Valrey had known members of the extended Bey family for years. But, according to Valrey, it was the liquor store case that began his reporter/source relationship with Yusuf Bey IV.
Valrey got his interviews by treating Bey like a civic leader with a respectable platform and not like someone apparently caught on videotape ransacking two businesses. While other media outlets were asking how bakery leaders could have become so violent, Valrey avoided the question completely, and instead let Bey discuss the issue of liquor stores in poor black neighborhoods.
"The anti-liquor-store movement in Oakland is part of the new black-power era that is emerging in Oakland," Valrey said at the outset of the interview. "A few months ago, some brothers ran up in two liquor stores in North Oakland and threw all of the liquor that was being sold on the ground. That one action kicked off a movement that has Muslims from every faith involved."
Valrey: "What is the objective of the movement to get liquor stores out of the black community?"
Bey: "We had liquor stores in our community for a long period of time, and we know what goes on around these liquor stores. And one thing about it is, it's not just liquor stores. They sell crack around these liquor stores, they're able to buy crack and drugs from these liquor stores, and things like this are not supposed to be done by so-called Muslims. If you say you're a Muslim, you should have the action of a Muslim."
Most conventional journalists would have regarded Valrey's two softball interviews as a shameful case of pandering to an apparent criminal. But Valrey not only defends his right to interview Bey, but stands by his interview subject. He suggests that Bey is the victim of a racist media conspiracy.
"I did this interview with Yusuf Bey IV because I think that it is important for the black community to hear his voice through the barrage of malicious articles that the mainstream media has been putting out about him and his codefendants," Valrey wrote in the introduction to a Bay View transcription of his KPFA interview. "I'm not a judge or a jury but, as a journalist, I'm definitely not going to let the racist media bury someone that I have access to, without allowing him to say what he has to say. The mainstream media is not used to our community saying that we are going to make our minds up on what we believe independent of their white power media infrastructures."
In a recent interview with the East Bay Express, Valrey went further still. He appeared to endorse the very acts of vandalism that Bey and the other bakery members were suspected of committing.
"I thought that Yusuf Bey and the Black Muslim Bakery took a stand that local politicians haven't taken in decades, that being that the black community is drowning in liquor stores," Valrey said. "In a lot of places we don't have supermarkets but we have liquor stores on every corner, and it's an issue that has been talked about for decades and nobody dealt with it. They've never said anything to me as if they done it or didn't do it, but whoever did it, I support the fact that they did what local politicians couldn't do and they brought the issue front and center. To this day, nothing has been done to limit the amount of liquor stores in the black community, which we basically equate in the black community to biological warfare. If they were involved with that, I applaud."
And Valrey's relationship with Bey would eventually extend beyond his tacit support for acts of vandalism. It would eventually result in Valrey being implicated along with Bey in one of Oakland's highest-profile murder cases.
The crime that forever changed the public's perception of the bakery was the August 2, 2007, murder of Oakland Post editor Chauncey Bailey. Bailey was gunned down in front of witnesses who saw a black man shoot him with a shotgun before escaping in a white van. Since Bailey had been working on a story about the bakery, that institution was immediately suspected. Because of an unrelated investigation, the bakery's compound was soon raided, and several members were taken into custody, including Bey and employee Devaughndre Broussard. The latter confessed to Bailey's murder but later recanted, saying Bey had ordered him to confess. News coverage of the crime eventually called attention to a suspicious connection between the suspected mastermind and JR Valrey.
An October 25, 2008, story by the Chauncey Bailey Project — a team of reporters and news outlets created to investigate Bailey's murder — accused Oakland Police Detective Derwin Longmire of ignoring crucial evidence connecting Bey to the crime. Cell phone records and surveillance information available to Longmire evidently placed Bey outside Bailey's home just hours before his murder. During the fourteen minutes that Bey sat parked outside of Bailey's house in the early hours of August 2, he made a number of phone calls, mostly to bakery member Antoine Mackey. But the records show he also made calls to Valrey.
"During the fourteen minutes he was outside Bailey's apartment early Aug. 2, Bey IV received two calls from a person who had known Bailey for more than a decade," the article states, "JR Valrey, a blogger and activist then reporting for the San Francisco Bay View newspaper, where Bailey sometimes contributed news items. Valrey is also affiliated with New America Media, a sponsor of the Chauncey Bailey Project.
"The records show that Bey IV called Valrey twice on Aug. 1, and that Valrey called Bey IV twice while Bey IV was parked outside Bailey's apartment on Aug. 2. The two calls totaled 2 minutes and 18 seconds. Six minutes after leaving Bailey's apartment, Bey IV called Valrey at 12:43 a.m. That call lasted nearly three minutes, the records show.
"Valrey refused to discuss the calls with the Bailey Project. '(It's) none of your business,' he said, and refused to answer other questions. 'I don't have nothing to say to you, man,' he said. 'You all are the anti-bakery project.'"
The article stated that police never interviewed Valrey regarding these conversations. But Valrey did subsequently address the accusations in the San Francisco Bay View.
"Last Sunday," he wrote, "the Oakland Tribune released an article from the Chauncey Bailey Project called 'Evidence Ignored,' which passed off misleading information as facts and omitted relevant information in apparent attempts at character assassination." Valrey proceeded to accuse the stories of containing errors and outright lies, "which have made many people outside of the self-congratulating walls of the journalism industry question its credibility, professionalism and sincerity." Valrey said he refused to answer the reporters' questions because he didn't believe they were working in his best interests, nor in those of the black community or Chauncey Bailey.
"Ever since its inception, it was never about honoring and continuing the work of the late journalist Chauncey Wendell Bailey Jr. and answering questions regarding his death, as it claims on its web site," Valrey wrote in a Bay View article. "The Project and the Oakland police seem to have more of a lynch mob mentality in their investigation. They seem to be trying to ensure that their reporting will result in some young black male or a group of them paying for the murder of Chauncey, even if they are innocent."
So what were the phone calls about? Valrey told the Express that he was calling Bey IV to talk about the case of one Laronte Studdesville, whom he described as a victim of police brutality. A meeting with Studdesville's father had been scheduled for the following day, and Valrey was inviting Bey to attend.
Valrey's editor, Mary Ratcliff, confirms that assertion. "What JR does is very much in the tradition of the Panthers," Ratcliff said. "He looks to the street — or gangs, as the police would call it — and sees that these guys are doing political organizing and they don't even know it. Maybe their intentions aren't always that great, but many of these gangs legitimately started out to protect their neighborhoods and their communities. If we could just politicize them, imagine what we could do. That's what JR's always tried to do, but that doesn't make him a gangster. I know that he had been trying to recruit Yusuf for months, telling him that there are better ways of doing things, and that's what those calls were about."
But if this was a business call, then why did it come so late at night?
"I don't remember it being around midnight," Valrey said. "It may have been around 10. We don't have a bedtime, neither me nor Yusuf Bey, as far as I know. To speak for myself, I don't have a bedtime, so we don't just stick to white business time, 9 to 5. I just don't make calls in those times and I don't think that calling someone at 12:00 implicates me in anything.
"I think that I effectively poked a lot of holes in where they were basically trying to implicate me in a murder that I'm not involved in, in any way," Valrey said. "But it also shows the weakness in their journalism, shows the laziness in their journalism. I did a very shallow investigation and poked holes all throughout what they were saying in the article I was in."
Valrey says he believes that Bey had nothing to do with Bailey's killing. "They're treating them as criminals and they're trying to be the judge and the jury."
The murder of Chauncey Bailey appears to most observers to have been based upon the notion that imminent reporting from Bailey would threaten the interests of the bakery. But Bailey was hardly a probing investigative reporter; in fact, he was widely criticized in journalism circles for how cozy he often was with his subjects. Valrey advances an equally improbable notion: that it was Bailey's ongoing efforts to expose Oakland police corruption that led to his death.
"At the time of his murder, Chauncey Bailey and Yusuf Bey were both in my phone," Valrey said, adding that he and Bailey had a good relationship. "I also know that Chauncey Bailey was working on a story dealing directly with the police."
Valrey maintains that the Chauncey Bailey Project hasn't done enough to pursue leads that Bailey was looking into police corruption at the time of his death, and has suggested not only that Bailey's murder was a police cover-up for which Bey was a scapegoat, but also that the Chauncey Bailey Project is in fact a front for the police.
Bob Butler, a reporter with the Chauncey Bailey Project and president of the Bay Area Black Journalists Association, denies Valrey's suggestion that the project is in cahoots with the police. He said the project has found no evidence implicating the Oakland police in the murder. "The last story Chauncey wrote was about the bakery. He may have been looking into possible police corruption, but we have seen no evidence to verify that claim," Butler said. "I'd be very interested to see evidence that the police were responsible for Chauncey Bailey's murder." Butler points out that the Chauncey Bailey Project published evidence last June showing that Bey admitted that he kept the shotgun used to kill Bailey in his closet after the murder. That information can be found at ChaunceyBaileyProject.org.
But this is not evidence enough for Valrey. "I think that the Chauncey Bailey Project really speaks to the disconnect between the journalist world and the real world," he said. "You have the bigwigs in mainstream journalism coming together and of course they're going to pat themselves on the back for doing a good job. But the question still remains: They did all this, and they wrote all this about Yusuf Bey, but he's not even charged yet, so really the question comes, how effective are you? Because you guys work hand-in-hand with the police, obviously. I'm not going to talk to the police, whether it's through the Chauncey Bailey Project or whether it's through a uniformed officer. If I have anything to say, I'll say it in the San Francisco Bay View or on Block Report Radio."
KPFA has a long tradition of giving a voice to viewpoints otherwise ignored in the mainstream media. Like Valrey, many of the station's contributors have an agenda. Although some staffers dutifully adhere to the same journalistic standards embraced by mainstream journalists, others have less interest in reporting the news than in giving voice to the perceived underdog. Many of these advocacy journalists are, like Valrey, unpaid volunteer producers.
Unpaid staffers make up a political block of significance at KPFA and have the support of some paid staffers, including Dennis Bernstein, who has taken Valrey under his wing by giving him airtime on Flashpoints. As a member of its volunteer staff association, Valrey has been critical of KPFA management for some time.
Last year, station manager Lemlem Rijio curbed the influence of the often-unruly unpaid staffers. Rijio changed the rules to reduce the voting power of unpaid staffers, who for years enjoyed the same voting rights as paid staff members when it came to selecting board representation. Since around that time, Valrey has zeroed in on Rijio and other station managers.
Last August, while interviewing filmmaker Iana Jones about her documentary on black radio, Valrey used the topic as a platform to criticize Rijio. "Even today," he said, in an implied reference to KPFA, "there are black puppets put there to keep the status quo in place." He also said that the repression of black viewpoints at KPFA is being enforced "by black face, from the top." And Valrey made a point of noting with apparent disapproval — as he has done numerous times in his Bay View articles — that Rijio is from Ethiopia.
The interview was one of many times that Valrey has called for a black public affairs show on KPFA. "That has been one of my major campaigns," he said. "There's black music shows on the radio, but there's really no regular black public affairs show. KPFA has these types of programs for Asians, for Latinos, but not for black people. I would like to see The Block Report as a weekly or daily, or even a biweekly program," he said. "This really came to a head when the Nadra Foster thing happened."
Just three days after Valrey's interview with Jones, the long-running conflict between some of KPFA's volunteers and management once again came to a head when volunteer staffer Nadra Foster was arrested and removed from the station's studios by Berkeley police. Foster had reportedly been banned from KPFA for making long-distance calls on KPFA phone lines. However, she continued to work in the station's studios, coming in about three times a week. She claimed that she didn't think the ban was official, as she had never received anything in writing. When a staff member confronted her for using one of the studios, a manager called police to remove her. Foster, who had a prior criminal record, resisted her arrest, allegedly biting one of the officers during the melee. After more officers were called, Foster was forced to the ground, put in restraints, and hauled off to jail.
The Foster incident prompted Valrey to call for Rijio's resignation. However, a supporter of Rijio, who asked to remain nameless, said she was dealing with a family emergency at the time of the incident and played no role in calling the police.
More recently, Valrey again called for Rijio's resignation after several paid and unpaid staff members were reprimanded for supporting him on air after his arrest. Those reprimanded include paid staffer Noelle Hanrahan of Prison Radio, and volunteer Nina Serrano of La Raza Chronicles, who both read the following announcement: "We believe JR to be innocent of setting fires and causing physical damages, as he was professionally occupied covering this important story. ... People are showing their support by coming to his hearing Monday, February 23, at 9 a.m. at 661 Washington Street in Oakland."
Hanrahan defends her actions. "Management doesn't understand the tradition of Pacifica and why it's so important that we support and defend it," she said. "The guy is out there, and when you're out there as a journalist you get blowback, and you have to be supported. If the DA comes down on him, that probably means he's doing his job." Speaking of Valrey's call for Rijio's resignation, she said, "I want things to change at KPFA, and I support JR's right to say what he said. JR is a serious journalist doing important work. In my opinion we need ten JRs."
On the day after her announcement, Hanrahan said, she was given a formal notice of misconduct and asked to take a leave of absence. The notice, obtained by the Express, claimed violation of station policy in three regards: making a "direct call to action" over the air, broadcasting information without authorization from management, and neglecting to indicate that the information was "not the opinion or position of KPFA." Serrano said she was not given a written reprimand but warned verbally about her transgression. KPFA staffers were also given a memo reiterating these three rules and noting that their violation would lead to disciplinary action, Hanrahan said.
Valrey responded with an article in the Bay View. "KPFA was the first listener-sponsored station in the country when it went into business in 1949 and was seen as a beacon of audio resistance in Northern California. Sixty years later, East African-born General Manager Lemlem Rijio has had broadcasters reprimanded because of their support for me and the Oakland 100. All of this is some bullshit, considering that KPFA is constantly begging for money. Isn't that a 'call to action' or 'advocating action on the air'? ... We are urging everyone to call KPFA and tell them that you will not give them another cent until the General Manager Lemlem Rijio is fired or steps down. We need a constant inundation of calls to kick off this part of the campaign."
On March 21, three Oakland police sergeants were shot and killed by parolee Lovelle Mixon. Another officer was severely injured and died the following day. Mixon, who had a warrant for his arrest for parole violation, had been pulled over on MacArthur Boulevard in what was described as a routine stop. After shooting Sergeants John Hege and Mark Dunakin, Mixon apparently walked over to the officers and shot them both again, execution-style. He then fled the scene and hid out in a nearby apartment building. Police raided the building after receiving a tip as to his whereabouts. From inside a closet, Mixon shot and killed S.W.A.T team members Ervin Romans and Daniel Sakai with an AK-47 assault rifle. He was then killed by another officer.
While most of Oakland reeled in shock over one of the deadliest attacks on law enforcement in California history, JR Valrey wrote an article for the Bay View that essentially justified Mixon's actions.
The article, headlined "Police 2, Oakland residents 4," described Mixon as "a suicide sniper who used a gun instead of a bomb to take out enemies of the community." It described the tragedy as one that "some in the black community see as a day of heroic resistance against the police." The article went on to suggest that street memorials for the fallen officers were police-created, and that reports of citizens attending them were media propaganda. "The reality is, when you go to the scene, which I did a number of times, you see very few residents of the area — especially young black males — with any sympathy for the officers."
Valrey referred to the incident as a "revolutionary suicide," and wrapped up his piece with a provocative question-cum-threat: "How does it feel when the rabbit has the gun? Welcome to East Oakland."
You can always find another side of the story at BlockReportRadio.com.
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As I was walking my second graders to music last week, a fourth grade teacher’s bulletin board caught my attention. I couldn’t wait to pop in her room to ask her more about her teaching process regarding the student work I saw displayed. Luckily, on my way back from dropping my students off at their music class, Mrs. Tweed was available.
Mrs. Tweed teaches with me at Brookside Lower School. Our elementary school is part of a larger campus, Cranbrook Educational Community. Though our campus is large, we do our best to stay connected not only within our buildings, but also with other teaching professionals across the state, country, and globe. Social media tools such as Twitter help us to connect and share ideas. Even though many of the elementary teachers work directly down the hall from one another, we stay busy throughout the day with our own students and our own grade levels. While everyone does their best to collaborate across each grade level, there is never enough time to do as much sharing and connecting as we’d like each day.
Several of our faculty members are active on a variety of social media sites on a professional level. I’m sure many of them may also have personal accounts, but I’m more interested in learning from them since they all are such a wealth of knowledge and have amazing resources to share. Some of the best talent is often in our own backyards:
Last week I saw several images posted to Instagram from one of our first grade teachers. She wasn’t snapping photos of students, but rather bulletin board examples and projects on display. After viewing her pictures, I had to check out her room to ask more about the work the kids were doing.
Our second grade team has a collaborative Pinterest board where we all pin resources. This makes it easy when we come together to plan for upcoming units.
I’ve become very good friends with two of the teachers at our middle school since we all join live Twitter chats on a weekly basis. This time during the evening allows us to be with our families, but also to share our ideas with one another in a meaningful discussion.
Mrs. Tweed is only one of our faculty members embracing the integration of technology into her practice and sharing her ideas on social media sites.
When I walked into Mrs. Tweed’s room during my prep time, we began discussing the idea that launched her creative bulletin board. She began by telling me how invested the fourth graders were in their independent books they were reading during reading workshop. As a class, they began talking about what was “hooking them” into their new stories. The children shared such colorful dialogue about the craft of their author’s writing that she knew she had to take advantage of this teachable moment.
Mrs. Tweed pulled up her personal Twitter account that she uses professionally and explained to her students why and how she uses this tool. She shared how she tweets about great books she’s reading so that others can find out about the story she’s enjoying. Of course the children thought they were all familiar with Twitter, but as she began touring the site and creating tweets, the students began to make natural observations and share new information they were learning. Mrs. Tweed told me that one of the most surprising discoveries was that the students were unaware that a tweet was limited to 140 characters. This is when she decided to offer a challenge to her students.
Each child was asked to compose a tweet to share about their independent reading book. The idea was to try and “hook their audience.” The class was excited and ready to begin. They didn’t see this as an assignment but rather a challenge. Could they compose a persuasive enough tweet within the limited number of characters that would compel a peer to pick up the book and start reading?
Because this was Mrs. Tweed’s first attempt with this sort of activity, she made it simple. (I like this idea. Simple is good, especially when you’re just getting familiar with a new type of activity.) She had her students mention the book/author by first putting the @ sign followed by the title of the book (no spaces). She didn’t go through to verify whether each book actually had a Twitter handle or not . . . this was just to keep a structure for the assignment and to let those passing by in the hall know which book the child was referring to in their tweet.
The students had to compose a tweet of 140 characters to try and hook their peers. For this assignment, the children did no have to include the book title as a part of their 140 characters. This gave students more room for their thoughts and leveled the field since some titles were much longer than others. She did explain that in a live tweet, all characters matter. The class had a great time revising their work and trying more effective vocabulary and different styles of leads. Mrs. Tweed said that she was so proud of the amount of revision the students were doing for just 140 characters. They cared about their word choice. Their voice mattered.
When I asked Mrs. Tweed if I could share her idea and her student’s work, she was graciously willing to sit with me and explain her teaching process so that I could share it with a wider audience. What I love most about her project is that it wasn’t included in her weekly lesson plans. This was a moment where she drifted from her daily plans and allowed the student’s discussion to guide her creative thinking. I admire that Mrs. Tweed didn’t put her idea off until another day or worry about bringing social media into the classroom. I also admire her courage to try something new. She shared with me her own insecurities with social media and how she’s really embracing it but still considers herself a learner. I think this is such a strong statement for so many of us who may fear taking that leap and trying something new.
While Mrs. Tweed didn’t rush out and set up a class Twitter account and have her kids begin live tweeting with the world, she did introduce a valuable tool to the class. She got their feet wet in understanding how social media works. I appreciate how she did this in a meaningful way. There was a strong academic connection but with a purpose. People do care about great book suggestions. She didn’t share how she personally tweets, but rather how what she personally tweets has a professional purpose. Students were able to see a positive role model using social media in an appropriate manner.
Last year my students did an analogue Instagram activity on character development. We imagined what our characters would post on Instagram and wrote replies as other characters within the story. It was a lot of fun. You can click here for the freebie printables to do your own Instagram bulletin board.
My dear friend Lindsay (and a fellow Scholastic Top Teaching blogger!) also shared a fabulous post on how to do a Pinterest bulletin board. You can click here to see her post and read how she created one with her students.
One of the biggest takeaways for me with this task was that it introduced social media in an educational setting. The more baby steps we take, the more naturally social media will fit into our academic lives. The more we model proper use, the more people will properly use the tool.
Social media is not going away. Students will not stop using it. There will always be those cases where it is misused. Whether we prevent the use of it in schools or not, those misuses will still exist. The more we understand about it, the more we can help support it in a positive way. People often fear what they don’t understand.
For me, the positives have too much of an impact to be ignored and not embraced. If we are truly preparing our children for a career-ready world, what are the tools we are allowing them to use?
If you’d like to learn more about Twitter, I’ve created a 10-minute tutorial that demonstrates everything from “Twitter Vocabulary” to “Composing and Sending a Tweet” to “Creating Lists within Twitter.”
I would love to connect with you on social medial, too:
Click here to follow me on Twitter
Click here to follow me on Instagram
Click here to follow me on Facebook
Click here to follow me on Pinterest
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