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The english TCPA/Palladium FAQ
1. What are TCPA and Palladium?
2. What does TCPA / Palladium do, in ordinary English?
3. So I won't be able to play MP3s on my PC any more?
4. How does it work?
5. What else can TCPA and Palladium be used for?
6. OK, so there will be winners and losers - Disney might win big, and smartcard makers might go bust. But surely Microsoft and propose to make money out of it?
7. Where did the idea come from?
8. How is this related to the Pentium 3 serial number?
9. Why call the monitor chip a `Fritz' chip?
10. OK, so TCPA stops kids ripping off music and will help companies keep data confidential. It may help the Mafia too, unless it?
11. How can TCPA be abused?
12. Scary stuff. But can't you just turn it off?
13. So economics are going to be significant here?
14. But hang on, doesn't the law give people a right to
reverse engineer interfaces for compatibility?
15. Can't TCPA be broken?
16. What's the overall economic effect likely to be?
17. Who else will lose?
18. Ugh. What else?
19. I can see that some people will get upset about this.
20. But hang on, isn't TCPA illegal under antitrust law?
21. When is this going to hit the streets?
22. What's TORA BORA?
23. But isn't PC security a good thing?
24. So why is this called `Trusted Computing'? I don't see
why I should trust it at all!
25. So a `Trusted Computer' is one that can break my security?
1. What are TCPA and Palladium?
TCPA stands for the Trusted
Computing Platform Alliance, an initiative led by Intel. Their
stated goal is `a new computing platform for the next century that
will provide for improved trust in the PC platform.' Palladium
is software that Microsoft says it plans to incorporate in future
versions of Windows; it will build on the TCPA hardware, and will add
features2. What does TCPA / Palladium do, in ordinary English?
It provides a computing platform on which you can't tamper with the
applications, and where these applications can communicate securely
with the vendor. The obvious application is digital
rights management (DRM): Disney will be able to sell you DVDs that
will decrypt and run on a Palladium platform, but which you won't be
able to copy. The music industry will be able to sell you music
downloads that you won't be able to swap. They will be able to sell
you CDs that you'll only be able to play three times, or only on your
birthday. All sorts of new marketing possibilities will open up.
TCPA / Palladium will also make it much harder for you to run
unlicensed software. Pirate software can be detected and deleted
remotely. It will also make it easier for people to rent software
rather than buying it; and if you stop paying the rent, then not only
does the software stop working but so may the files it created. For
years, Bill Gates has dreamed of finding a way to make the Chinese
pay for software: Palladium could be the answer to his prayer.
There are many other possibilities. Governments will be able to
arrange things so that all Word documents created on civil servants'
PCs are `born classified' and can't be leaked electronically to
journalists. Auction sites might insist that you use trusted proxy
software for bidding, so that you can't bid tactically at the
auction. Cheating at computer games could be made more difficult.
There is a downside too. There will be remote censorship: the
mechanisms designed to delete pirated music under remote control may
be used to delete documents that a court (or a software company) has
decided are offensive - this could be anything from pornography to
writings that criticise political leaders. Software companies can also
make it harder for you to switch to their competitors' products; for
example, Word could encrypt all your documents using keys that only
Microsoft products have access to; this would mean that you could only
read them using Microsoft products, not with any competing word
processor.3. So I won't be able to play MP3s on my PC any more?
With existing MP3s, you may be all right for some time. Microsoft says
that Palladium won't make anything suddenly stop working. But a recent
software update for Windows Media Player has caused controversy
by insisting that users agree to future anti-piracy measures, which
may include measures that delete pirated content found on your
computer. Also, some programs that give people more control over their
PCs, such as VMware and Total Recorder, are unlikely
to work under TCPA. So you may have to use a different player - and if
your player will play pirate MP3s, then it seems unlikely to be
authorised to play the new, protected, titles.
It is up to an application to set the security policy for its
files, using an online policy server. So Media Player will determine
what sort of conditions get attached to protected titles, and I expect
Microsoft will do all sorts of deals with the content providers, who
will experiment with all sorts of business models. You might get CDs
that are a third of the price but which you can only play three times;
if you pay the other two-thirds, you'd get full rights. You might be
allowed to lend your copy of some digital music to a friend, but then
your own backup copy won't be playable until your friend gives you the
main copy back. More likely, you will not be able to lend music at
all. These policies will make life inconvenient for some people; for
example, regional coding might stop you watching the Polish version of
a movie if your PC was bought outside Europe.
This could all be done today - Microsoft would just have to
download a patch into your player - but once TCPA / Palladium makes it
hard for people to tamper with the player software, and easier for
Microsoft to control upgrades and patches, it will be harder for you
to escape, and will therefore be a more attractive way of doing
business.4. How does it work?
TCPA provides for a monitoring and reporting component to be mounted
in future PCs. The preferred implementation in the first phase of
TCPA is a `Fritz' chip - a smartcard chip or dongle soldered to the
When you boot up your PC, Fritz takes charge. He checks that the boot
ROM is as expected, executes it, measures the state of the machine;
then checks the first part of the operating system, loads and executes
it, checks the state of the machine; and so on. The trust boundary, of
hardware and software considered to be known and verified, is steadily
expanded. A table is maintained of the hardware (audio card, video
card etc) and the software (O/S, drivers, etc); Fritz checks that the
hardware components are on the TCPA approved list, that the software
components have been signed, and that none of them has a serial number
that has been revoked. If there are significant changes to the PC's
configuration, the machine must go online to be re-certified. The
result is a PC booted into a known state with an approved combination
of hardware and software (whose licences have not expired). Control is
then handed over to enforcement software in the operating system -
this will be Palladium if your operating system is Windows.
Once the machine is in this state, Fritz can certify it to third
parties: for example, he will do an authentication protocol with
Disney to prove that his machine is a suitable recipient of `Snow
White'. This will mean certifying that the PC is currently running an
authorised application program - MediaPlayer, DisneyPlayer, whatever.
The Disney server then sends encrypted data, with a key that Fritz
will use to unseal it. Fritz makes the key available only to the
authorised application and only so long as the environment remains
`trustworthy'. For this purpose, `trustworthy' is defined by the
security policy downloaded from a server under the control of the
application owner. This means that Disney can decide to release its
premium content to a given media player application in return for a
contract that the application will not make any unauthorised copies of
content, will impose a certain set of conditions (including what level
of security has to be set in TCPA). This can involve payment: Disney
might insist, for example, that the application collect a dollar every
time you view the movie. In fact, the application itself can be rented
too, and this is of great interest to software companies. The
possibilities seem to be limited only by the marketers' imagination.5. What else can TCPA and Palladium be used for?
TCPA can also be used to implement much stronger access controls on
confidential documents. For example, an army might arrange that its
soldiers can only create Word documents marked at `Confidential' or
above, and that only a TCPA PC with a certificate issued by its own
security agency can read such a document. This is called `mandatory
access control', and governments are keen on it. The Palladium
announcement implies that the Microsoft product will support this: you
will be able to configure Word so that it will encrypt all documents
generated in a given compartment on your machine, and share it only
with other users in a defined group.
Corporations will be able to do this too, to make life harder for
whistleblowers. They can arrange that company documents can only be
read on company PCs, unless a suitably authorised person clears them
for export. They can also implement timelocks: they can arrange, for
example, that all emails evaporate after 90 days unless someone makes
a positive effort to preserve them. (Think of how useful that would
have been for Enron, or Arthur Andersen, or for Microsoft itself
during the antitrust case.) The Mafia might use the same facilities:
they could arrange that the spreadhseet with the latest drug shipments
can only be read on accredited Mafia PCs, and will vanish at the end
of the month. This might make life harder for the FBI - though
Microsoft is in discussions with governments about whether policemen
and spies will get some kind of access to master keys. But, in any
case, a whistleblower who emails a document to a journalist will
achieve little, as the journalist's Fritz chip won't give him the key
to decipher it.
TCPA / Palladium also seems destined for use in electronic payment
systems. One of the Microsoft visions appears to be that much of the
functionality now built on top of bank cards may move into software
once the applications can be made tamper-resistant. This is needed if
we are to have a future in which we pay for books that we read, and
music we listen to, at the rate of so many pennies per page or per
minute. Even if this doesn't work out as a business model - and there
arguments why it won't - there is clearly a competitive issue for
a number of online payment systems, and there may be spillover effects
for the user. If, in ten years' time, it's inconvenient to shop online
with a credit card unless you use a TCPA or Palladium platform, then
this could move a lot of people over to the system.6. OK, so there will be winners and losers - Disney might win big, and smartcard makers might go bust. But surely Microsoft and propose to make money out of it?
My spies at Intel tell me that it was a defensive play. As they make
most of their money from PC microprocessors, and have most of the
market, they can only grow their company by increasing the size of the
market. They are determined that the PC will be the hub of the future
home network. If entertainment is the killer application, and DRM is
going to be the critical enabling technology, then the PC has to do
DRM or risk being displaced in the home market.
Microsoft were also motivated by the desire to bring all of
entertainment within their empire. But they also stand to win big if
either TCPA or Palladium becomes widespread, as they will be able to
use it to cut down dramatically on software copying. `Making the
Chinese pay for software' has been a big thing for Bill; with
Palladium, he can tie each PC to its individual licenced copy of
Office, and with TCPA he can tie each motherboard to its individual
licenced copy of Windows. TCPA will also have a worldwide blacklist
for the serial numbers of any copies of Office that get pirated.
Finally, Microsoft would like to make it more expensive for people to
switch away from their products (such as Office) to rival products
(such as OpenOffice). This
will enable them to charge more for upgrades without making their
users jump ship.7. Where did the idea come from?
It first appeared in a paper by Bill Arbaugh, Dave Farber and Jonathan
Smith, ``A Secure and
Reliable Bootstrap Architecture'', in the proceedings of the IEEE
Symposium on Security and Privacy (1997) pp 65-71. It led to a US
patent: ``Secure and Reliable Bootstrap Architecture'', U.S. Patent
No. 6,185,678, February 6th, 2001. Bill's thinking developed from
work he did while working for the NSA on code signing in 1994. The
Microsoft folk have also applied for patent
protection on the operating
system aspects. (The patent texts are here.)
There may be quite a lot of prior art. Markus Kuhn wrote about the TrustNo1
Processor years ago, and the basic idea - a specially trusted
`reference monitor' that supervises a computer's access control
functions - goes back at least to a
paper written by James Anderson for the USAF in 1972. It has been
a feature of US military secure systems thinking since then.8. How is this related to the Pentium 3 serial number?
Intel started an earlier program in the mid-1990s that would have put
the functionality of the Fritz chip inside the main PC processor, or
the cache controller chip, by 2000. The Pentium serial number was a
first step on the way. The adverse public reaction seems to have
caused them to pause, set up a consortium with Microsoft and others,
and seek safety in numbers.9. Why call the monitor chip a `Fritz' chip?
In honour of Senator Fritz Hollings of South Carolina, who is working
tirelessly in Congress to make TCPA a mandatory part of all consumer
electronics.10. OK, so TCPA stops kids ripping off music and will help companies keep data confidential. It may help the Mafia too, unless it?
A lot of companies stand to lose out. For example, the European
smartcard industry looks likely to be hurt, as the functions now
provided by their products migrate into the Fritz chips in peoples'
laptops, PDAs and third generation mobile phones. In fact, much of the
information security industry may be upset if TCPA takes off.
Microsoft claims that Palladium will stop spam, viruses and just about
every other bad thing in cyberspace - if so, then the antivirus
companies, the spammers, the spam-filter vendors, the firewall firms
and the intrusion detection folk could all have their lunch stolen.
There are serious concerns about the effects on the information
goods and services industries, and in particular on innovation, on the
rate at which new businesses are formed and on the likelihood that
incumbent companies will be able to hang on to their monopolies. The
problems for innovation are well explained in a recent
New York Times column by the distinguished economist Hal Varian.
But there are much deeper problems. The fundamental issue is that
whoever controls the Fritz chips will acquire a huge amount of power.
Having this single point of control is like making everyone use the
same bank, or the same accountant, or the same lawyer. There are many
ways in which this power could be abused.11. How can TCPA be abused?
One of the worries is censorship. TCPA was designed from the start to
support the centralised revocation of pirate bits. Pirate software
will be spotted and disabled by Fritz when you try to load it, but
what about pirated songs or videos? And how could you transfer a
song or video that you own from one PC to another, unless you can
revoke it on the first machine? The proposed solution is that an
application enabled for TCPA, such as a media player or word
processor, will have its security policy administered remotely by a
server, which will maintain a hot list of bad files. This will be
downloaded from time to time and used to screen all files that the
application opens. Files can be revoked by content, by the serial
number of the application that created them, and by a number of other
criteria. The proposed use for this is that if everyone in China uses
the same copy of Office, you do not just stop this copy running on any
machine that is TCPA-compliant; that would just motivate the Chinese
to use normal PCs instead of TCPA PCs in order to escape revocation.
So you also cause every TCPA-compliant PC in the world to refuse to
read files that have been created using this pirate program.
This is bad enough, but the potential for abuse extends far beyond
commercial bullying and economic warfare into political censorship. I
expect that it will proceed a step at a time. First, some
well-intentioned police force will get an order against a pornographic
picture of a child, or a manual on how to sabotage railroad signals.
All TCPA-compliant PCs will delete, or perhaps report, these bad
documents. Then a litigant in a libel or copyright case will get a
civil court order against an offending document; perhaps the
Scientologists will seek to blacklist the famous Fishman Affidavit.
Once lawyers and government censors realise the potential, the trickle
will become a flood.
Now the modern age only started when Gutenberg invented movable
type printing in Europe, which enabled information to be preserved and
disseminated even if princes and bishops wanted to ban it. For
example, when Wycliffe translated the Bible into English in 1380-1,
the Lollard movement he started was suppressed easily; but when
Tyndale translated the New Testament in 1524-5, he was able to print
over 50,000 copies before they caught him and burned him at the stake.
The old order in Europe collapsed, and the modern age began. Societies
that tried to control information became uncompetitive, and with the
collapse of the Soviet Union it seemed that democratic liberal
capitalism had won. But now, TCPA and Palladium have placed at risk
the priceless inheritance that Gutenberg left us. Electronic books,
once published, will be vulnerable; the courts can order them to be
unpublished and the TCPA infrastructure will do the dirty work.
So after the Soviet Union's attempts to register and control all
typewriters and fax machines, TCPA attempts to register and control
all computers. The implications for liberty, democracy and justice are
worrying. 12. Scary stuff. But can't you just turn it off?
Sure - unless your system administrator configures your machine in
such a way that TCPA is mandatory, you can always turn it off. You can
then run your PC with administrator privileges, and use insecure
There is one respect, though, in which you can't turn Fritz off.
You can't make him ignore pirated software. Even if he's been informed
that the PC is booting in untrusted mode, he still checks that the
operating system isn't on the serial number revocation list. This has
implications for national sovereignty. If Saddam is stupid enough to
upgrade his PCs to use TCPA, then the American government will be able
to hot-list his Windows licences, and thus shut down his PCs, next
time there's a war. Booting in untrusted mode won't help. He'd have to
dig out old copies of Windows 2000, change to GNU/linux, or find a
way to isolate the Fritz chips from his motherboards without breaking
If you aren't someone the US President hates personally, this may
not be an issue. But if you turn TCPA off, then your TCPA-enabled
applications won't work, or won't work as well. It will be like
switching from Windows to Linux nowadays; you may have more freedom,
but end up having less choice. If the applications that use TCPA /
Palladium are more attractive to the majority of people, you may end
up simply having to use them - just as many people have to use
Microsoft Word because all their friends and colleagues send them
documents in Microsoft Word. Microsoft says that Palladium, unlike
vanilla TCPA, will be able to run trusted and untrusted applications
at the same time in different windows; this will presumably make it
easier for people to start using it.13. So economics are going to be significant here?
Exactly. The biggest profits in IT goods and services markets tend to
go to companies that can establish platforms (such as Windows, or
Word) and control compatibility with them, so as to manage the markets
in complementary products. For example, some
mobile phone vendors use challenge-response authentication to
check that the phone battery is a genuine part rather than a clone -
in which case, the phone will refuse to recharge it, and may even
drain it as quickly as possible. Some printers authenticate their
toner cartridges electronically; if you use a cheap substitute, the
printer silently downgrades from 1200 dpi to 300 dpi. The Sony
Playstation 2 uses similar authentication to ensure that memory
cartridges were made by Sony rather than by a low-price competitor.
TCPA appears designed to maximise the effect, and thus the economic
power, of such behaviour. Given Microsoft's record of competitive
strategic plays, I expect that Palladium will support them. So if you
control a TCPA-enabled application, then your policy server can
enforce your choice of rules about which other applications will be
allowed to use the files your code creates. These files can be
protected using strong cryptography, with keys controlled by the Fritz
chips on everybody's machines. What this means is that a successful
TCPA-enabled application will be worth much more money to the software
company that controls it, as they can rent out access to their
interfaces for whatever the market will bear. So there will be huge
pressures on software developers to enable their applications for
TCPA; and if Palladium is the first operating system to support TCPA,
this will give it a competitive advantage over GNU/Linux and MacOS
with the developer community.14. But hang on, doesn't the law give people a right to
reverse engineer interfaces for compatibility?
Yes, and this is very important to the functioning of IT goods and
services markets; see Samuelson and Scotchmer, ``The Law and Economics
of Reverse Engineering'', Yale Law Journal, May 2002, 1575-1663. But
the law in most cases just gives you the right to try, not to succeed. Back
when compatibility meant messing around with file formats, there was a
real contest - when Word and Word Perfect were fighting for dominance,
each tried to read the other's files and make it hard for the other to
read its own. However, with TCPA that game is over; without access to
the keys, or some means of breaking into the chips, you've had it.
Locking competitors out of application file formats was one of the
motivations for TCPA: see a post by Lucky
Green, and go to his talk at Def Con to hear
more. It's a tactic that's spreading beyond the computer world.
Congress is getting upset
at carmakers using data format lockout to stop their customers getting
repairs done at independent dealers. And the Microsoft folk say they
want Palladium everywhere, even in your watch. The economic
consequences for independent businesses everywhere could be
significant.15. Can't TCPA be broken?
The early versions will be vulnerable to anyone with the tools and
patience to crack the hardware (e.g., get clear data on the bus
between the CPU and the Fritz chip). However, from phase 2, the Fritz
chip will disappear inside the main processor - let's call it the
`Hexium' - and things will get a lot harder. Really serious, well
funded opponents will still be able to crack it. However, it's likely
to go on getting more difficult and expensive.
Also, in many countries, cracking Fritz will be illegal. In the USA
the Digital Millennium Copyright Act already does this, while in the
EU the situation may vary from one country to another, depending on
the way national regulations implement the EU Copyright Directive.
Also, in many products, compatibility control is already being mixed
quite deliberately with copyright control. The Sony Playstation's
authentication chips also contain the encryption algorithm for DVD, so
that reverse engineers can be accused of circumventing a copyright
protection mechanism and hounded under the Digital Millennium
Copyright Act. The situation is likely to be messy - and that will
favour large firms with big legal budgets.16. What's the overall economic effect likely to be?
The content industries may gain a bit from cutting music copying -
expect Sir Michael Jagger to get very slightly richer. But I expect
the most significant economic effect will be to strengthen the
position of incumbents in information goods and services markets at
the expense of new entrants. This may mean a rise in the market cap of
firms like Intel, Microsoft and IBM - but at the expense of innovation
and growth generally. Eric von Hippel documents
how most of the innovations that spur economic growth are not
anticipated by the manufacturers of the platforms on which they are
based; and technological change in the IT goods and services markets
is usually cumulative. Giving incumbents new ways to make life harder
for people trying to develop novel uses for their products will create
all sorts of traps and perverse incentives.
The huge centralisation of economic power that TCPA / Palladium
represents will favour large companies over small ones; there will be
similar effects as Palladium applications enable large companies to
capture more of the spillover from their economic activities, as with
the car companies forcing car-owners to have their maintenance done at
authorised dealerships. As most employment growth occurs in the small
to medium business sector, this could have consequences for jobs.
There may also be distinct regional effects. For example, many years
of government sponsorship have made Europe's smartcard industry
strong, at the cost of crowding out other technological innovation in
the region. Senior industry people to whom I have spoken anticipate
that once the second phase of TCPA puts the Fritz functionality in the
main processor, this will hammer smartcard sales. A number of TCPA
company insiders have admitted to me that displacing smartcards from
the authentication token market is one of their business goals. Many
of the functions that smartcard makers want you to do with a card will
instead be done in the Fritz chips of your laptop, your PDA and your
mobile phone. If this industry is killed off by TCPA, Europe could be
a significant net loser. Other large sections of the information
security industry may also become casualties.17. Who else will lose?
There will be many places where existing business processes break down
in ways that allow copyright owners to extract new rents. For example,
I recently applied for planning permission to turn some agricultural
land that we own into garden; to do this, we needed to supply our
local government with six copies of a 1:1250 map of the field. In the
old days, everyone just got a map from the local library and
photocopied it. Now, the maps are on a server in the library, with
copyright control, and you can get a maximum of four copies of any one
sheet. For an individual, that's easy enough to circumvent: buy four
copies today and send a friend along tomorrow for the extra two. But
businesses that use a lot of maps will end up paying more money to the
map companies. This may be a small problem; mutiply it a thousandfold
to get some idea of the effect on the overall economy. The net
transfers of income and wealth are likely, once more, to be from small
firms to large and from new firms to old.
This may hopefully cause political resistance. One well-known UK
that copyright law is only tolerated because it is not enforced
against the vast majority of petty infringers. And there will be some
particularly high-profile hard-luck cases. I understand that copyright
regulations due out later this year in Britain will deprive the blind
of the fair-use right to use their screen scraper software to read
e-books. Normally, a bureaucratic stupidity like this might not
matter much, as people would just ignore it, and the police would not
be idiotic enough to prosecute anybody. But if the copyright
regulations are enforced by hardware protection mechanisms that are
impractical to break, then the blind may lose out seriously. (There
are many other marginal groups under similar threat.)18. Ugh. What else?
TCPA will undermine the General Public License (GPL), under which many
free and open source software products are distributed. The GPL is
designed to prevent the fruits of communal voluntary labour being
hijacked by private companies for profit. Anyone can use and modify
software distributed under this licence, but if you distribute a
modified copy, you must make it available to the world, together with
the source code so that other people can make subsequent modifications
of their own.
At least two companies have started work on a TCPA-enhanced version of
GNU/linux. This will involve tidying up the code and removing a
number of features. To get a certificate from the TCPA corsortium, the
sponsor will then have to submit the pruned code to an evaluation lab,
together with a mass of documentation showing why various known
attacks on the code don't work. (The evaluation is at level E3 -
expensive enough to keep out the free software community, yet lax
enough for most commercial software vendors to have a chance to get
their lousy code through.) Although the modified program will be
covered by the GPL, and the source code will be free to everyone, it
will not make full use of the TCPA features unless you have a
certificate for it that is specific to the Fritz chip on your own
machine. That is what will cost you money (if not at first, then
You will still be free to make modifications to the modified code, but
you won't be able to get a certificate that gets you into the TCPA
system. Something similar happens with the linux supplied by
Sony for the Playstation 2; the console's copy protection
mechanisms prevent you from running an altered binary, and from using
a number of the hardware features. Even if a philanthropist does a
not-for-profit secure GNU/linux, the resulting product would not
really be a GPL version of a TCPA operating system, but a proprietary
operating system that the philanthropist could give away free. (There
is still the question of who would pay for the user certificates.)
People believed that the GPL made it impossible for a company to come
along and steal code that was the result of community effort. This
helped make people willing to give up their spare time to write free
software for the communal benefit. But TCPA changes that. Once the
majority of PCs on the market are TCPA-enabled, the GPL won't work as
intended. The benefit for Microsoft is not that this will destroy free
software directly. The point is this: once people realise that even
GPL'led software can be hijacked for commercial purposes, idealistic
young programmers will be much less motivated to write free software.19. I can see that some people will get upset about this.
And there are many other political issues - the transparency of
processing of personal data enshrined in the EU data protection
directive; the sovereignty issue, of whether copyright regulations
will be written by national governments, as at present, or an
application developer in Portland or Redmond; whether TCPA will be
used by Microsoft as a means of killing off Apache; and whether people
will be comfortable about the idea of having their PCs operated, in
effect, under remote control -- control that could be usurped by
courts or government agencies without their knowledge.20. But hang on, isn't TCPA illegal under antitrust law?
Intel has honed a `platform leadership' strategy, in which they lead
industry efforts to develop technologies that will make the PC more
useful, such as the PCI bus and USB. Their modus operandi is described
in a book
by Gawer and Cusumano. Intel sets up a consortium to share the
development of the technology, has the founder members put some
patents into the pot, publishes a standard, gets some momentum behind
it, then licenses it to the industry on the condition that licensees
in turn cross-license any interfering patents of their own, at zero
cost, to all consortium members.
The positive view of this strategy was that Intel grew the overall
market for PCs; the dark side was that they prevented any competitor
achieving a dominant position in any technology that might have
threatened their dominance of the PC hardware. Thus, Intel could not
afford for IBM's microchannel bus to prevail, not just as a competing
nexus of the PC platform but also because IBM had no interest in
providing the bandwidth needed for the PC to compete with high-end
systems. The effect in strategic terms is somewhat similar to the old
Roman practice of demolishing all dwellings and cutting down all trees
close to their roads or their castles. No competing structure may be
allowed near Intel's platform; it must all be levelled into a
commons. But a nice, orderly, well-regulated commons: interfaces
should be `open but not free'.
The consortium approach has evolved into a highly effective way of
skirting antitrust law. So far, the authories do not seem to have been
worried about such consortia - so long as the standards are open and
accessible to all companies. They may need to become slightly more
Of course, if Fritz Hollings manages to get his bill through Congress,
then TCPA will become compulsory and the antitrust issue will fall
away, at least in America. One may hope that European regulators will
have more backbone.21. When is this going to hit the streets?
It has. The specification was
published in 2000. Atmel is already selling a Fritz chip,
and although you need to sign a non-disclosure agreement to get a data
sheet, you have been able to buy it installed in the IBM
Thinkpad series of laptops since May 2002. Some of the existing
features in Windows XP and the X-Box are
TCPA features: for example, if you change your PC configuration more
than a little, you have to reregister all your software with
Redmond. Also, since Windows 2000, Microsoft has been working on
certifying all device drivers: if you try to load an unsigned driver,
XP will complain. There is also growing US
government interest in the technical standardisation process. The
train is rolling.
The timing of Palladium is less certain. There appears to be a power
struggle going on between Microsoft and Intel; Palladium will also run
on competing hardware from suppliers such as Wave Systems, and applications written
to run on top of vanilla TCPA will need to be rewritten to run on
Palladium. This seems a play to ensure that the secure computing
platform of the future is controlled by Microsoft alone. It might also
be a tactic to deter other companies from trying to develop software
platforms based on TCPA. Intel and AMD appear to plan for the second
generation of TCPA functionality to be provided in the main processor
for free. This might provide higher security, but would enable them to
control developments rather than Microsoft.
I do know that the Palladium announcement was brought forward by over
a month after I presented a
paper at a conference on Open Source Software
Economics on the 20th June. This paper criticised TCPA as
anticompetitive, as amply confirmed by new revelations since.22. What's TORA BORA?
This seems to have been an internal Microsoft joke: see the Palladium
announcement. The idea is that `Trusted Operating Root
Architecture' (Palladium) will stop the `Break Once Run Anywhere'
attack, by which they mean that pirated content, once unprotected, can
be posted to the net and used by anyone.
They seem to have realised since that this joke might be thought to be
in bad taste. At a talk I attended on the 10th July at Microsoft
Research, the slogan had changed to `BORE-resistance', where BORE
standards for `Break Once Run Everywhere'. (By the way, the speaker
there described copyright watermarking as `content screening', a term
that used to refer to stopping minors seeing pornography: the PR
machine is obviously twitching! He also told us that it would not work
unless everyone used a trusted operating system. When I asked him
whether this meant getting rid of linux he replied that linux users
would have to be made to use content screening.)23. But isn't PC security a good thing?
The question is: security for whom? You might prefer not to have to
worry about viruses, but neither TCPA nor Palladium will fix that:
viruses exploit the way software applications (such as Microsoft
Office and Outlook) use scripting. You might get annoyed by spam, but
that won't get fixed either. (Microsoft implies that it will be fixed,
by filtering out all unsigned messages - but the spammers will just
buy TCPA PCs. You'd be better off using your existing mail client to
filter out mail from people you don't know and putting it in a folder
you scan briefly once a day.) You might be worried about privacy, but
neither TCPA nor Palladium will fix that; almost all privacy
violations result from the abuse of authorised access, often obtained
by coercing consent. The medical insurance company that requires you
to consent to your data being shared with your employer and with
anyone else they can sell it to, isn't going to stop just because
their PCs are now officially `secure'. On the contrary, they are
likely to sell it even more widely, because computers are now
Economists have noted that when a manufacturer makes a `green'
product available, it often increases pollution, as people buy green
rather than buying less; we may see a security equivalent of this
`social choice trap', as it's called. In addition, by entrenching and
expanding monopolies, TCPA will increase the incentives to price
discriminate and thus to harvest personal data for profiling.
The most charitable view of TCPA is put forward by a Microsoft
researcher: there are some applications in which you want to constrain
the user's actions. For example, you want to stop people fiddling with
the odometer on a car before they sell it. Similarly, if you want to
do DRM on a PC then you need to treat the user as the enemy.
Seen in these terms, TCPA and Palladium do not so much provide
security for the user as for the PC vendor, the software supplier, and
the content industry. They do not add value for the user, but destroy
it. They constrain what you can do with your PC in order to enable
application and service vendors to extract more money from you. This
is the classic definition of an exploitative cartel - an industry
agreement that changes the terms of trade so as to diminish consumer
No doubt Palladium will be bundled with new features so that the
package as a whole appears to add value in the short term, but the
long-term economic, social and legal implications require serious
thought.24. So why is this called `Trusted Computing'? I don't see
why I should trust it at all!
It's almost an in-joke. In the US Department of Defense, a `trusted
system or component' is defined as `one which can break the security
policy'. This might seem counter-intuitive at first, but just stop to
think about it. The mail guard or firewall that stands between a
Secret and a Top Secret system can - if it fails - break the security
policy that mail should only ever flow from Secret to Top Secret, but
never in the other direction. It is therefore trusted to enforce the
information flow policy.
Or take a civilian example: suppose you trust your doctor to keep
your medical records private. This means that he has access to your
records, so he could leak them to the press if he were careless or
malicious. You don't trust me to keep your medical records, because I
don't have them; regardless of whether I like you or hate you, I can't
do anything to affect your policy that your medical records should be
confidential. Your doctor can, though; and the fact that he is in a
position to harm you is really what is meant (at a system level) when
you say that you trust him. You may have a warm feeling about him, or
you may just have to trust him because he is the only doctor on the
island where you live; no matter, the DoD definition strips away these
fuzzy, emotional aspects of `trust' (that can confuse people).
Remember during the late 1990s, as people debated government
control over cryptography, Al Gore proposed a `Trusted Third Party' -
a service that would keep a copy of your decryption key safe, just in
case you (or the FBI, or the NSA) ever needed it. The name was derided
as the sort of marketing exercise that saw the Russian colony of East
Germany called a `Democratic Republic'. But it really does chime with
DoD thinking. A Trusted Third Party is a third party that can break
your security policy.25. So a `Trusted Computer' is one that can break my security?
Now you've got it.
This FAQ is GPLed, taken from http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html. | <urn:uuid:31630d15-8618-4dff-8008-83f5c51636d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.notcpa.org/faq.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00249-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942957 | 9,283 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Plastic pipes, also commonly referred to as PVC pipes, are known as the modern alternative to metal pipes. PVC pipes are made up of polyvinyl chloride and are known for their strength, versatility, and low costs. PVC pipes are the top choice for construction not only because of the cost bust also the wide range of uses it offers.
History of PVC Pipes
PVC was discovered in 1835, although the first report of this material being used didn’t come until 35 years later. PVC started as a laboratory idea until scientists realized its potential in different applications. In 1912 the first industrial developments were made and by 1932 the first PVC tubes were produced. After these pipes were deemed safe for drinking water many homes began to make the change to these PVC pipes especially between 1950 and 1960.
Benefits of PVC Pipes
Plastic pipes are the most commonly used pipe material for all plumbing in both home and businesses because of the many benefits these pipes have to offer. First and foremost one of the greatest benefits of this piping is the resistance to corrosion. Not only are these pipes invulnerable to outside corrosion but the internal pipe corrosion as well which contributes to their longivity. PVC pipes are also resistant to chemicals like those found in household cleaners and disinfectants. These pipes are quick and easy to install without the worry of leaky joints making them perfect for complete home plumbing. Plastic pipes have a record for lasting over 50 years but studies indicate they can last for over 100 years!
PVC Pipes VS Metal Pipes
PVC pipes can get a look over because of their plastic appearance without a second thought but how do they compare to metal pipes? Naturally when comparing metal to plastic it is assumed that metal is better but that is not always the case. When initially looking into metal pipes you can see that they are more expensive than their PVC counterpart while also being a lot heavier. Plastic pipes are not known for corrosion while metal pipes are susceptible to these effects which can be dangerous for drinking water. These heavy metal pipes are also at an increased risk for bursting. Plastic pipes have insulating properties which can prevent condensation for cold water and reduce heat loss for water that is hot.
Uses for PVC Pipes
PVC pipes at first glance naturally take you to thoughts of water and plumbing, but there are many other uses for PVC pipes that are beneficial. Not only is PVC piping the leader in plumbing situations but it is also used in waste management. It has a durable structure making it perfect for both draining and venting situations for safe waste management. Polyvinyl chloride is also known for having great thermal and electrical resistance which makes it a perfect coating or sleeve for wires, cables, and other electrical components and circuitry.
Plastic pipes are more commonly referred to as PVC pipes and offer a level of strength and durability that make them a top choice for every building situation. These PVC pipes are incredibly budget-friendly and will last for many years to come whether you plan to use them for plumbing, venting, or even for your electrical wiring. | <urn:uuid:62317807-375c-4bf8-98f8-0926c7402ef3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.plumberlasvegasnv.com/history-and-benefits-of-pvc-plumbing-vegas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.972527 | 622 | 2.6875 | 3 |
The Parliament of the World’s Religions (PoWR), the world’s premier interfaith convening, invites proposals for programs, presentations, and religious observances at the 2021 Parliament of the World’s Religions, to be held virtually, October 17-18.
Parliament convenings have featured luminaries such as His Holiness the XIV Dalai Lama, Nobel Laureates President Nelson Mandela, President Jimmy Carter, Shirin Ebadi, and United Nations Messenger of Peace Dr. Jane Goodall. The 2021 Parliament Call for Programs provides featured presenters the opportunity to join a historic group of select scholars, religious and spiritual leaders, and activists from around the world.
The Call for Programs for the Parliament of the World’s Religions opened on Friday, April 2nd inviting people of faith and conscience from around the world to propose a program, presentation, or religious observance for the upcoming 2021 Parliament of the World’s Religions. The program will be anchored in a deep acknowledgment of the grief, setbacks, and hardships faced by communities around the world and the critical hope and compassion offered by the faith and spiritual traditions of the world in healing, restoration, and the promise of a just, peaceful and sustainable future.
The theme of the 2021 Parliament is Opening our Hearts to the World: Compassion in Action. This theme aims to encompass the truly global opportunity provided by the virtual nature of the 2021 Parliament and the critical emotional and spiritual needs of people around the world while acknowledging the critical need for a just and compassionate plan to move the world forward.
Programs can be proposed as panels, lectures, oral presentations, academic papers, seminars, religious and spiritual observances, workshops and training, art, films, virtual tours, music, and performances. All interested individuals are welcomed and encouraged to register and submit a program proposal by June 31, 2021.
Presenting is only one of the ways in which interested individuals, communities, and organizations can get involved. The 2021 Parliament of the World’s Religions provides a cost-effective way to maximize an organization’s exposure to thousands of participants from 80 different countries and over 50 faith and spiritual traditions by serving as a sponsor and exhibitor. Individuals can network with leaders from communities around the world and connect with thousands of multi-generational, media-savvy, and culturally aware participants. Interested parties can take advantage of the discounted pricing available until May 31st for registrants, and till August 31 for exhibitors and sponsors.
Learn more at ParliamentOfReligions.org/parliament/2021-virtual
© Parliament of the World’s Religions
® Parliament of the World's Religions name and logo are trademarks of the Parliament of the World's Religions. | <urn:uuid:ef7c6039-08bb-4032-a9a6-48680cbe32e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://parliamentofreligions.org/2021-virtual/call-for-programs-opens-for-2021-parliament-of-the-worlds-religions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.904251 | 573 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Whether you have children or pets, you should have your carpets cleaned regularly. Carpets trap many components that are harmful to your health, especially if you let them stay in your home for long periods of time. Some of these airborne particles can trigger respiratory problems, such as asthma. Keeping your carpets cleaned regularly will remove these sources of disease, and reduce the risk of common illnesses such as respiratory tract infections.
Whether you have an allergic reaction to a certain allergen or you’re just looking for allergy relief, dust mites need regular carpet cleaning to stay at bay. These tiny creatures live in carpets and furniture and love to breed in these areas. Regular carpet cleaning can eliminate them and reduce the likelihood of allergic reactions. This service is essential for those with dust allergies because carpets and upholstery trap dead skin cells and are popular breeding grounds for dust mites.
To keep dust mites at bay, you should have your carpets cleaned regularly. You can hire a carpet cleaner to do deep cleaning in high-activity areas. Also, you can purchase dehumidifiers to keep relative humidity below 50%. You can also purchase allergen-impermeable covers from specialty supply mail order companies or department stores. You can also wash your bedding with hot water to kill dust mites, and you can freeze your bedding overnight in freezing temperatures.
Vacuuming regularly will help control the population of dust mites, according to the team from Pro Carpet Cleaning. But vacuum cleaners only reach so deep into carpet fibers, and professional steam cleaning is the most effective preventative maintenance. Professional steam cleaning will eliminate dust mites from your carpets. Unlike a vacuum cleaner, a HEPA filter will offer better results. Ensure that you vacuum regularly, even during dry weather.
While regular vacuuming is effective in removing the majority of dust mite waste particles, it cannot remove all allergens. The average gram of dust contains two to three hundred allergenic dust mite fecal pellets. Hence, it is essential to regularly clean carpets. Professional carpet cleaning will help you keep dust mites at bay. If you are prone to allergies, you should consider hiring a carpet cleaning service.
Carpet cleaning can help prevent bedbugs and dust mites from thriving. Regular carpet cleaning will also ensure the cleanliness of your home. By eliminating dust and bacteria, you can also reduce your chances of becoming allergic to certain allergens. This service is essential for those who suffer from allergies. If you are looking for a professional steam cleaning, you’ve come to the right place. And remember that steam cleaning is a more effective way to remove these unwanted visitors.
While carpet cleaning helps to keep dust mites at bay, it is also crucial to remove pet allergens as well. Pet allergens can be difficult to remove, but steam cleaning is a proven way to eliminate dust mite allergens and improve the overall appearance of your carpet. In addition to helping you avoid allergies, steam cleaning removes bacteria, allergens, and pollen from your home.
Even though carpets are a common place to find dirt and germs, they also present a greater threat to the environment when used in the home and office. The amount of dirt and bacteria in these areas can easily rise to a dangerous level, and people walking on them push those contaminants deeper into the carpet. These bacteria, along with food and drink crumbs, can lead to various illnesses and infections. Regular carpet cleaning can keep these harmful substances at bay.
In addition to contaminating the air, bacteria can also be present on your carpet. Bacteria thrive in moist environments and can survive for four weeks in carpets and on surfaces. These bacteria can easily be transferred to people, who can get sick with the virus. Carpets with dirt and dust are particularly susceptible to catching salmonella. Bacteria in carpets can be difficult to eradicate, so regular cleaning is essential.
The BCCDC recommends professional carpet cleaning every six months. While it may seem expensive, it can actually help prevent the spread of COVID-19. Regular cleanings prevent bacteria from growing on your carpet, and can also help prevent the spread of this disease. Cleaning carpets on a regular basis is also an excellent way to keep your home or office germ-free. Cleaning your carpet on a regular basis will prevent you from being exposed to COVID-19, which is a serious threat to you and your family.
Bacteria love the warmth and moisture of carpets. They feed on dead skin cells and provide a warm home for allergens, bacteria, and dirt. If these bacteria are not cleaned regularly, they can contribute to poor air quality and even lead to allergies and health issues. Bacteria also thrive in the warm conditions provided by air conditioning and heat. Without regular carpet cleaning, they will continue to multiply and spread throughout your home.
As a result of this, your carpet will accumulate a host of other components over time. These pollutants can lead to respiratory problems, including asthma, and can cause certain ailments in your family. Keeping your carpets clean will reduce the number of pollutants in your home and reduce the risk of common illnesses. You and your family will breathe healthier air, which means better health! It’s never too early to start getting your carpets cleaned.
Apart from bacteria, the dust mites found in your carpets can trigger allergy-triggering problems. As the carpets trap allergy-inflaming proteins, they can trigger asthma and rhinitis attacks. Bacteria and mold in your carpets are also a major cause of asthma and other respiratory disorders. So, carpet cleaning is imperative to maintain good health and prevent your family from becoming ill from environmental allergies.
Having your hard-surface floors and carpets cleaned on a regular basis is essential for your health and safety. The dust mopping process takes place daily, and stairs and landings are cleaned thoroughly. You can also expect a daily dust mop of all flat surfaces. Moreover, you can expect your entryway door glass to be cleaned, and the dust mop to clean all flat surfaces in your home or office.
As dust contains various types of chemicals and allergens, you should not neglect carpet cleaning. Even the smallest particles can harbor bacteria, including E. coli, staph, pseudomonas, salmonella, bacillus, and others. High-traffic areas, such as lunch rooms, hallways, and doorknobs, are riskier for infections and COVID-19 than other areas. Although regular cleaning solutions can be effective at cleaning hard surfaces, they cannot kill bacteria that live on the carpet.
You should also consider the safety of your family. Not only are dust mites a nuisance, but they can also cause respiratory problems. In addition, if your children are living in the house, the risk is even greater. Luckily, you can reduce the number of dust mites in your home by getting a professional carpet cleaner to perform carpet cleaning on a regular basis. You can also eliminate the risk of respiratory infections by getting your carpets cleaned regularly.
Your desk chairs are aligned in rows and dusted every night. You’ll also find that the instructor’s desk, the desktops, and the walls are all regularly dusted, especially those in the corners. Even the tile floors are mopped every week and carpeted floors are cleaned on a monthly basis. During this time, the instructor’s desk is cleaned every night. Similarly, upholstered furniture is cleaned with the spin bonnet method.
Using a vacuum cleaner can remove dust and bacteria from the air, but you may still need to use a steam cleaner to remove all particles. However, steam cleaners are often not available in small apartments or studios, so you may not need a vacuum to remove dust. You should also consider having your carpet cleaned on a regular basis to extend its life. But this can be expensive. A professional carpet cleaner is worth the money!
Changing the filters on your furnace and air conditioning unit is important to reduce airborne dust. Your home’s ductwork should also be professionally cleaned if it is dusty. If the filter is too old, it won’t trap the airborne dust, and it will get blown onto your carpets. You should also vacuum regularly. Vacuuming your floors regularly will keep dust and dirt away and also keep your rugs and carpets clean and free from wear and tear. | <urn:uuid:b6501350-e0aa-4c0d-babd-7bc2ae879e70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.invidion.co.uk/why-you-need-carpet-cleaning-on-a-regular-basis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.951134 | 1,760 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Sanitize sanitize sanitize is a word that is very popular these days. The problem is, how and what do we use to sanitize. It has become a strain on our pockets purchasing sanitizing products.
What if you could create your own sanitizing products right there in your home, wouldn’t that be awesome! In fact, this could save you a lot of cash so why not just invent our own hand sanitizers. This sounds like a brilliant idea so let’s try it!
Here are the ingredients you’ll need to make your own homemade hand sanitizer but there’s a twist coming that’ll shake you up just a little.
HOMEMADE HAND SANITIZER RECIPE
1.You’ll be needing 2/3 cups of rubbing alcohol, 1/3 cup of aloe Vera, 10 drops of lavender essential oil. Combine in a sterilized spray bottle.
2. You’ll be needing a 2-ounce spray bottle, 4 drops of vitamin E oil, 3 tablespoons Witch Hazel preferably with aloe Vera, and Ever- Clear rubbing alcohol.
Add to that 6 drops tea tree essential oil, 4 drops orange essential oil, 5 drops lemon essential oil. Shake well and use to sanitize surfaces and also your hands. Sound perfect right! Will it protect my hands from bacteria? Good question lets take a look.
Why you should not make your own hand sanitizer
The most popular word on everyone’s lip is sanitized, hmm come to think of it, it does make sense. However, do you know how to measure chemicals and the right balance of chemicals used in these homemade sanitizers?
The question we need to ask ourselves is how effective are these homemade hand sanitizers. Have they been tested and tried? Did you know Medical experts strongly vote against these homemade hand sanitizers?
There is no accurate measurement of the ingredients used. More than likely one of the ingredients used will weaken the function of the other making it less effective and that can lead to the transferring of bacteria. If the production area is not sterile that’s another concern. How about the tools used. Are you thinking about the logic here?
The other elements added such as aloe Vera and essential oils can contribute to skin irritations, especially when combined with rubbing alcohol, which is a strong antiseptic all by itself. These combinations can cause serious reactions. The true fact about hand sanitizers is these.
I read about homemade sanitizers containing vodka, which seem okay base on the contents of vodka. However, it still brought us back to the correct concentration. Simply put, how much of each makes up the qualifying measurements of an effective germ killer?
FACTS ABOUT HAND SANITIZERS
Hand sanitizers are to be used preferably after washing your hands because they do not function at 100% and are not guaranteed 100% effectiveness either. However, for emergency reasons, it’s better to use a hand sanitizer than nothing at all.
It would be wise not to touch your face or your phone even after using a homemade hand sanitizer just to be on the safe side. Hand sanitizers are essential in these times but it’s better to purchase one that is proven and tested by our medical experts.
Wash your hands with soap and water if you can and as often as you can to help prevent the spread of viruses and germs or otherwise use a certified hand sanitizer for the safety of you and those around you.
We hope these facts were helpful. Thanks for stopping by. | <urn:uuid:dc6101f2-0a25-4318-9391-688e2e92c95d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rainbowcabinsinthewoods.com/the-facts-about-homemade-hand-sanitizers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.94637 | 767 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Advanced showcasing has changed the customary business strategies totally. Since individuals are depending more on computerized information, organizations begin paying attention to the advanced stage. Business follows purchasers regardless of where they are. Promoting strategies are changed according to the prerequisite of the organizations. Getting a decent position on the outcome page of the web index is as much vital as having an appropriate showcasing plan for the business. From new companies to set up names, each organization must receive a special strategy to focus available. This type of showcasing concocts advantages for business, from expanding overall revenues to mark esteems. The substance underneath examines why you need advanced showcasing for your business.
- Assist you with improving brand picture
On the off chance that you have brand esteems more than others, your business will go towards the positive note with benefits and achievement. Computerized media are helping business substances develop their image esteems with legitimate strategies. Like physical stores, online outlets tally footfalls. Getting traffic to a site is not, at this point a troublesome errand since SEO guarantees makes a site easy to understand and reliable. Through advanced media, a two-way correspondence is made among organizations and shoppers. Positive audits assist you with setting up a solid brand picture.
- Empower shopper commitment
Clients’ commitment plays a significant with regards to developing your business. Online networking is the extraordinary stages where you can gauge the commitment through intriguing posts. To give you the best business, Social Media Marketing strategies are there that help you. SMM is a creative method to draw to clients’ advantage. Organizations are running different promotion crusades on the online networking to amplify their objective system. In this way, you will upgrade your purchaser gathering.
- Make the advertising arrangement more grounded and better
Advanced showcasing invades the conventional business techniques. The traditional procedure has a little degree to know or screen the contenders’ objectives and strategies. With enormous information being shared carefully consistently, organizations can follow others’ business well. They get data about the new item subtleties, limits and offers of the contenders. Prior, little organizations did not get enough assets to contend with the large names. The universe of business turned totally. Little organizations or new companies are likewise playing great and giving the set up firms an intense rivalry. Right apparatus and right strategies of computerized promoting can have a major effect.
- Offer tremendous choices for your business
Effective marketing strategies are a huge and tremendous idea to comprehend. It is made of many related speculations like SEO, SMM, online video showcasing, advanced presentation publicizing, and many. While SEO makes your site web index well disposed, SMM takes a shot at improving the social commitment of your organization. Show or online video publicizing engages too educates your purchasers. Each type of advanced promoting is fundamental to tap the correct advantage for your organizations. Applying a one of a kind strategy causes you develop your business. | <urn:uuid:a6ad8f92-511f-47ff-9422-3ab5e92c34c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.michigancitizensforscience.org/for-what-reason-do-you-need-digital-marketing-for-business.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.932913 | 590 | 1.507813 | 2 |
An unhappy Fourth of July
By Alan Caruba
Normally Americans celebrate the Fourth of July as the happy anniversary of the birth of the nation with the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
The men who signed the document had struggled to reach some accommodation with England for many years until the arrogance and continuing taxation of the colonies left them no alternative than to "dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another."
When that effort failed they fought our Revolution over the course of eight years until the king and parliament concluded they could not retain the American colonies. Rarely mentioned in the history books was the large portion of colonists, known as Tories, who did not want to sever the connection. It is worth noting that the Revolution began when British troops moved to seize American arms in Concord, Massachusetts, and were met by militias there and in Lexington.
We celebrate the holiday in 2013 in a nation sharply divided between those who wish to retain and maintain the traditional and political values of America—conservatives—and the liberals who want to adopt the failed socialist systems of Europe and elsewhere. Even the former Soviet Union collapsed under the dead weight of communism. Even China, though politically communist, has adopted the capitalist system.
The transformation of today's America from one whose values are enshrined in the Constitution and, in particular, the Bill of Rights, did not occur overnight. It began largely in the last century as "progressive" ideas were embraced. The educational system was transformed by progressives such as John Dewey. The rise of the union movement transformed the relationship between employer and employees; unions have since fallen on hard times, but still solidly support liberal candidates for office.
For the duration of the Cold War with the Soviet Union, from the end of World War Two in 1945 until its end in 1991, progressives mocked the notion that the U.S. government was filled with Soviet agents-of-influence and spies. Historians have since documented this.
Liberals see the values of the 1950s as "old-fashioned" and "out of date." They welcome the attack on traditional marriage—in place for thousands of years by all faiths—that has resulted in the legalization of same-sex couples in many states. They defend abortion even though it has killed an entire generation of Americans in the womb. These changes did not and do reflect the will of the people, but rather the result of Supreme Court decisions.
A nation built on welcoming immigrants who happily left Europe and other former homelands to seek real opportunity here is now led by politicians unwilling to acknowledge that the 1986 effort at immigration reform failed to secure the southern border, incentivized illegal immigration, and has resulted in an estimated eleven million "undocumented" aliens competing for jobs and benefits that rightfully should belong to native-born and naturalized Americans.
As Americans celebrate the Fourth of July in 2013, many are unaware that Obamacare is the law of the land. It is the nationalization of what was regarded as the finest health care system in the world and it is filled with hidden taxes, fines, the insertion of the government between patients and their physicians, and it will wreak havoc on the nation's economy, increasing unemployment, impacting small businesses and large. Nationalization is socialism!
The protests against Obamacare gave rise to the Tea Party movement and a recent Rasmussen poll found that "26% of Obama supporters view the Tea Party as the nation's top terror threat." A slim majority, 51%, of likely voters, however, still regard radical Muslims to be the biggest threat.
The Founding Fathers wanted limited, small government and the Constitution is designed to create checks and balances so that no one element, the executive, Congress, or the judiciary, can act without the ability of Americans—who grant power to the government through the election of their representatives—to impose decisions with which they disagree. That is, however, what has been happening for decades.
On this Fourth of July we have been witness to the failed policies of the President elected in 2008 and again in 2012. His conduct is more that of a monarch or dictator, indifferent and resentful of the judiciary and of Congress. He is surrounded by appointees who oversee elements of the government that increasingly give evidence of seeing Americans as "the enemy."
On this Fourth of July, scandals abound and remain to be investigated, from "Fast and Furious" a gun-running scheme from within the Department of Justice to the attack on September 11, 2012 on our ambassador to Libya who died in Benghazi along with three other brave Americans.
We are learning that the Internal Revenue Service was corrupted to become an agency targeting conservative organizations in ways that denied them the opportunity to raise financial support. We have learned that the agencies intended to protect us have virtually unlimited capacity to monitor and retain all our electronic communications.
Recently the President gave a speech in which he said that "climate change" was the greatest threat to the nation and announced new policies to limit the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Earth's atmosphere. This is so utterly absurd that it defies the evidence of an Earth that continues to cool over the period of the last seventeen years. It ignores the fact that CO2 plays no role in climate change and has actually increased during the time the Earth has been cooling. This is little more than a diversion from the very real threats to the Constitution and our freedoms.
We have a Congress now that routinely passes bills exceeding a thousand to two thousand pages, often without reading them. The corruption this implies is a threat to the future of the nation.
The government the Founding Fathers feared is the government we now have.
It is not a happy Fourth of July.
Alan Caruba writes a daily post at http://factsnotfantasy.blogspot.com. An author, business and science writer, he is the founder of The National Anxiety Center. © Alan Caruba, 2013 | <urn:uuid:f82f2693-1f1c-4d07-84f4-fed6808bd81c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://enterstageright.com/archive/articles/0713/0713unhappyfourth.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00215-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969309 | 1,195 | 2.953125 | 3 |
One major turning point in Antony and Cleopatra is when Antony explains to Cleopatra exactly what will happen if she ends up trying to make a deal with Caesar. Prior to this point, Cleopatra seems to think that either Antony will win, or she’ll be able to talk her way out of whatever situation she finds herself in. She is, after all, no stranger to negotiating with powerful men.
In Act IV, Scene 12, Antony lays out for Cleopatra exactly what will happen to her if she is captured by Caesar:
Vanish, or I shall give thee thy deserving,
And blemish Caesar’s triumph. Let him take thee,
And hoist thee up to the shouting plebeians:
Follow his chariot, like the greatest spot
Of all thy sex; most monster-like, be shown
For poor’st diminutives, for doits;
Up until this point, I don’t think anyone has told Cleopatra quite this clearly what happens to conquered enemies in Caesar’s Rome. He paints a real picture for her, and that image drives her decisions for the rest of the play.
Previously, Cleopatra has been in charge of staging her own theatrical mythos. She dresses herself as the goddess Isis. She plays at conquering Antony. She perpetuates her own legend at every possible turn. Faced with the possibility of losing control of her narrative–of being a prop in someone else’s theatrical display–she chooses death on her own terms. In losing, Cleopatra wins.
Katherine pointed out in rehearsal last night that the Egyptian concern with what happens to their bodies after death would make her horrified at the thought of being killed in the Roman street and having who-knows-what happen to her corpse. She’s an Egyptian, and even in death, her performance matters.
I was trying to describe the Roman triumph to the cast the other night, and I told them to look up this clip from HBO’s Rome, which I think is a very strong and historically-based depiction of what would happen in a general’s triumph.
Here’s a little background:
After completing a major military conquest, a general could apply to the Roman Senate to request a triumph. If granted, he’d have a tremendous parade, sometimes accompanied by feasts and games that stretched out for days.
The general would offer a sacrifice in the temple of Jupiter, in gratitude for the god’s support in his campaign. Then, costumed in a way that echoed depictions of the god (red face, purple and gold “toga picta,” laurel wreath, etc.), this general, something of a god-for-a day, would ride in a chariot drawn by four horses in a parade.
The spoils of his war would precede him in the parade: prisoners walking on foot, then their captured treasures, heaped on wagons, paintings or tableaux of the famous moments in the war. These tableaux are unfortunately not included in the clip from Rome, but add even more layers to Cleopatra’s metatheatrical comment:
the quick comedians
Extemporally will stage us, and present
Our Alexandrian revels; Antony
Shall be brought drunken forth, and I shall see
Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness
I’ the posture of a whore.
She’s referencing not only the boy who would have been saying these lines in Shakespeare’s theater, but also the actor who would have portrayed her in Caesar’s hypothetical triumph.
Rome’s senators and magistrates came next, then the general in his chariot. Behind him would march all of the returning soldiers, trumpets blaring, chanting and singing dirty songs about their general.
Often, at the end of the parade, a conquered enemy would be put to death in front of all the people. That is the fate of the conquered Gaul Vercingetorix in this clip, and Cleopatra’s if she’d been captured alive. Seeing this, it is no wonder that Cleopatra chose death rather than this humiliation.
As Antony says, her death tells Caesar: “I am conqueror of myself.” | <urn:uuid:bb271da3-e7b2-4949-9069-affcf34a4d6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ec2-34-209-107-228.us-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com/2018/07/21/triumph/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.956755 | 912 | 2.1875 | 2 |
- Section 1. Preparation and Assessment
- Training for Wilderness Emergencies .
- Patient Assessment: Learning to Find Problems.
- Skill Guide 1 — Initial Assessment: Unresponsive
- Skill Guide 1 — Initial Assessment: Responsive .
- Skill Guide 2 — Physical Exam .
- Skill Guide 3 — Vital Signs .
- Skill Guide 4 — SAMPLE History .
- Skill Guide 5 — SOAP Table Section
- Section 2. Preventing and Caring for Injuries
- Shock .
- Skill Guide 6 — Shock Managemen
- Wilderness Wound Care .
- Skill Guide 7 — Control of Bleeding.
- Skill Guide 8 — Burn Care
- Bone Injuries and Splinting
- Skill Guide 9 — Assessing and Splinting Fractures
- Joint Injuries
- Skill Guide 10 — Unstable Ankle
- Head and Spinal Injuries
- Skill Guide 11 — Assessing and Treating Head Injuries
- Skill Guide 12 — Assessing Spinal Injuries
- Skill Guide 13 — Single Rescuer Log-Roll
- Skill Guide 14 — Multiple Rescuer Log-Roll
- Skill Guide 15 — Straightening the Pretzel
- Skill Guide 16 — BEAM Move
- Eye and Facial Injuries
- Chest and Abdominal Injuries
- Skill Guide 18 — Assessing Chest and Abdominal Injuries
- Section 3. Environmental Hazards
- How to Beat the Heat
- Skill Guide 19 — Assessing and Treating Hypothermia
- Submersion Incidents (Drowning)
- Altitude Illness
- Lightning Strike
- Sunburn, Skin and Eye Protection
- Section 4. Biological Hazards
- Contaminated Water
- Mosquitoes, Ticks and Disease
- Bees, Wasps, and Spiders
- Skill Guide 20 — Using an Epinephrine Auto-Injector: To use an EpiPen® epinephrine auto-injector .Skill Guide 20 — Using an Epinephrine Auto-Injector: To use a TwinJect® epinephrine auto-injector
- Venomous Snakes
- Hazardous Mammals
- Hazardous Marine Animals
- Hazardous Plants
- Section 5. Medical Problems in the Wilderness
- Skill Guide 21 — Assessing Medical Emergencies
- Section 6. Additional Information
- Wilderness First Aid Kits
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I take this course if I do not have any medical experience?
Absolutely! This course is designed for individuals who have no medical training, although we highly recommend that you take a basic first aid course and a CPR/AED course prior to attending.
I am an EMT, Paramedic, Nurse, Physician, etc. Will this class be boring?
We do not believe so. This course will serve as a review to your already established base knowledge and will build upon that. In addition, Wilderness First Aid will teach you how to think differently in an austere environment. We will also use your expertise during the class to lead those that do not have as much experience.
How strenuous is the field (second) day?
The second day is pretty strenuous. It is not recommended for those with preexisting medical conditions or those who have trouble at altitude. If you have any questions if you should take this course then consult your physician.
What will the second day be like?
The second day will be tough. You will be expected to hike in an austere environment. You will need to pack in all your own personal supplies and be self sufficient for a day. You will need plenty of water and food. In addition you will be carrying simulated injured individuals as a group. If you are having any issues during the course or if you do not think you can handle the course then please speak with one of our training staff. | <urn:uuid:8bac6087-c641-4d1c-9669-cd9199e5a352> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://training.lasvegasambulance.com/portfolio-items/wilderness-first-aid/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.848525 | 824 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Located at the intersection of Berkeley and Appleton Streets in Boston’s South End, Revolution Hotel evokes Boston’s history within the American Revolution in 1775 through vibrant murals and bold-faced motivational slogans.
Artists Tristan Eaton and The Individuals Collective were invited to work with Adam&Co. on the artwork throughout the hotel. Eaton, a California-born graffiti artist, muralist, illustrator, and toy designer, has had works exhibited at the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, and Museum of Modern Art in New York. A 65 ft. mural by Eaton—his first mural in Boston—commands the center of attention in the hotel’s lobby. The artist did the mural entirely freehand with spray paint. In vivid blacks, reds, and blue, he renders famous Bostonian figures throughout history and pop culture back to life.
Boston-based Individuals Collective agglomerated significant objects invented in Boston, such as microwaves, car parts, old computers, microchips, transmitters, telephones, Converse sneakers, basketballs, volleyballs, and typewriters, into a three story sculptural installation they call the “Innovation Tower.”
The rest of the custom wallpapers and murals in the hotel were designed by Adam&Co, the Boston-based multi-disciplinary creative consultancy led by Adam Larson in partnership with Allison Doherty. They count Beyoncé, Harvard, M.I.T., MoMA, Nike, Park Hyatt, Pharrell Williams, Puma, and Samuel Adams among their clients.
The rooms range from compact bunks with bathrooms down the hall to lofts with separate living rooms and Juliet balconies.
The Revolution Hotel is owned by Mount Vernon Company and operated by boutique hotel management firm Provenance Hotel.
What: The Revolution Hotel
Where: 40 Berkeley St, Boston, MA 02116, USA
How much? Room prices start at USD $126
Design draw: A 65 ft. mural by renowned graffiti artist Tristan Eaton and inspired by Boston’s role in the American Revolution takes centre stage in Boston’s newest boutique hotel.
Book it: Visit The Revolution Hotel | <urn:uuid:9e517503-f902-4ad8-97c6-9689a66bf24f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://design-milk.com/bostons-revolution-hotel-brings-back-the-culture-of-innovation-and-rebellion/?media_id=374995 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.914504 | 452 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Individualized Conscious Exercise
Yoga, Meditation and Qi Gong
Yoga is an ancient tradition of psycho-physical and spiritual practices that has been systematized over thousands of years. There are thousands of research studies on the physical and mental health benefits of yoga and meditation. Qi gong is ancient tradition, which provides a method of directing qi (life-force, bio-energy) by using mind and attention to direct and increase circulation of qi throughout the body. Both systems are compatible and useful depending on a person’s capacity, needs, goals and preferences. Both practices help align the etheric (energetic) dimension with the physical body.
Yoga can expand awareness, increase psycho-physical integration and spiritual sensitivity, and enable deep relaxation and equanimity. Over time yoga sensitizes you to the all-pervading life-energy or life-force as well as the spiritual dimensions of existence. The practice of asana yoga can help correct your posture and structural imbalances and heal musculoskeletal conditions like chronic pain. Practice long-term will improve hormonal and mental health. Yoga can help anyone develop a profound sense of well-being and over-all health.
Based on over 40 years of experience practicing yoga and meditation, I teach the essence of yoga found in a variety of traditions (Hatha, Ashtanga, Viniyoga, Kriya, Kundalini and Daoist Yoga). I cover the fundamentals of meditation along with the insights and practices from Western body methods, Alexander Technique and Structural Integration. Yoga is non-theological and is compatible with all the world’s religious traditions.
My teaching covers the essence and esoteric core of yoga and conductivity (energy) exercises as they exist in different traditions from India and China (Daoist) along with developments in Western body methods and how they relate. Instruction is experiential and practice-oriented, interwoven with didactic instruction. I teach the basic principles and tools necessary to understand and practice energetic exercises as well as how to address basic and specific functional and structural body problems and their relationship to the mind. In this process you’ll learn about the relationship between awareness, body structure and energy, the meridian system and myofascial tissue, and their significance for health, healing and prevention. The course is available online with personal guidance via video chat.
Appropriate for both beginners and non-beginners. The course is available online with personal guidance via video chat.
Micro-Yoga is a unique approach to yoga and self-bodywork that brings together hands-on techniques with asana yoga. You will learn to apply the principles of yoga and bodywork on your own body and teach others in their personal practice. The approach can be used by bodyworkers in professional practice. Micro-Yoga is available via video chat or in person.
Learn about the self-application of yoga and bodywork:
- How to use hand manipulation, holding, stretching, twisting, leveraging, pressure and pulling techniques
- Mechanics of conductivity
- Meta-physiology and dynamic anatomy
- Myofascial system, sinews and meridians
- How to use posture and alignment as guides
- Hand and pressure techniques and movements methods
Intended for those with for beginning-to-experience or advance yoga experience. Experience in bodywork or message is recommended.
Yoga Therapy is a systematic individualized application of yoga asanas (postures and breathing exercises) and awareness practices to satisfy unique health needs. Yoga therapy addresses a wide variety of physical and mental health problems. This is available online via video chat or in person.
- Reduce stress.
- Lower blood pressure.
- Deepen relaxation.
- Remove impurities and blocks in body functioning.
- Increase flexibility, endurance and strength.
- Improve balance, improved mobility, and alignment.
- Increase vitality.
- Increase breathing capacity.
- Alleviation asthma and high blood pressure.
- Intensify spiritual and mental clarity.
- Expand awareness and increase concentration.
“I injured my back and found myself pinned to the ground, unable to move. Given the severity of the pain, and the utter inability to move – arms, neck, legs, without great pain – I was in serious trouble. After nearly all day of lying paralyzed on the kitchen floor, I was able to crawl to the portable phone. Keyvan was able to make a house call, and worked on me, for several hours. To my amazement, after his treatment I was able to stand up, and with minor assistance. The treatment was basically done, and healing occurred over the next several days. It was not long before I was ‘back’ to normal. Keyvan’s technical proficiency was proven in spades.”
~ Steve Brown, Performing Arts Professional
Back Pain Exercises
All rights reserved © 2021 Keyvan Golestaneh
There are many good exercises and activities that are helpful for preventing and alleviating back pain. The following series of exercises and stretches is comprised of what the Conscious Health Institute considers to be the most efficient and essential steps to creating a healthy back.
It is important to note that this series is generic and can apply to anyone; however, each person should take his or her unique personal health condition and needs into consideration before starting the series. Regarding back pain, it is always best to consult with a back care professional before starting a new exercise program. | <urn:uuid:ff0f9073-b6b3-4faa-801e-4bc994deb46d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newworldmedicine.net/experience/yoga-and-conscious-exercise/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.934347 | 1,152 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Posted Jun 25, 2014 02:26 pm CDT
The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that police generally can’t search the contents of a cellphone seized during an arrest, unless they get a warrant.
Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. wrote the unanimous decision (PDF) finding that such warrantless cellphone searches violate the Fourth Amendment. Justice Samuel A. Alito Jr. wrote a separate opinion concurring in the judgment.
SCOTUSblog founder Tom Goldstein says the opinion “is a sweeping endorsement of digital privacy.”
Many cellphones are minicomputers that hold vast amounts of data, and they are different than the other physical objects that police are allowed to seize without a warrant in searches incident to arrest, Roberts said in his opinion.
Cellphones “could just as easily be called cameras, video players, rolodexes, calendars, tape recorders, libraries, diaries, albums, televisions, maps or newspapers,” he concluded. Cellphones are “now such a pervasive and insistent part of daily life that the proverbial visitor from Mars might conclude they were an important feature of human anatomy,” he wrote.
The United States asserted that a search of data stored on a cellphone is “materially indistinguishable” from searches of physical objects incident to an arrest. Roberts disagreed.
“That is like saying a ride on horseback is materially indistinguishable from a flight to the moon,” he said.
The 1973 Supreme Court case, United States v. Robinson, set the standard for pat-down searches of an arrestee. A search incident to a lawful arrest did not require any additional justification, the court said in 1973. “While Robinson’s categorical rule strikes the appropriate balance in the context of physical objects,” Roberts said, “neither of its rationales has much force with respect to digital content on cellphones.”
“We therefore decline to extend Robinson to searches of data on cellphones, and hold instead that officers must generally secure a warrant before conducting such a search.”
Digital data on a cellphone can’t be used to harm an arresting officer or to facilitate escape, Roberts said. Officers may physically search a phone to eliminate threats such as a hidden razor blade, Roberts said, but once the device is secured, “data on the phone can endanger no one.” Roberts allowed there may be case-specific exceptions, as in the case of data indicating the arrestee’s confederates are headed to the scene, but the chief justice said such cases are better decided on a case-by-case basis.
Once the cellphone is seized and secured, Roberts said, there is no risk that an arrestee can delete incriminating data. There is danger of remote-wiping of data, Roberts said, but officers can eliminate the risk by turning off the phone, removing its battery, or placing it in a so-called “Faraday bag” that isolates the phone from radio waves. If there is an immediate risk of remote wiping, Roberts added, officers may be able to rely on “exigent circumstances” to justify an immediate search.
Roberts also acknowledged a risk that officers will be unable to search a phone after it locks, but offered a few solutions. Faraday bags may keep the phone in an unlocked state, he said, or officers may be able to disable the automatic lock.
Alito said in his concurring opinion that he would be willing to consider a different result if lawmakers enact laws that draw distinctions based on the type of data searched.
The two consolidated cases before the court concerned an old-fashioned flip phone and a more modern smartphone. In the flip phone case, police used a reverse directory to find the address of a number listed as “my house” on the flip phone carried by a man arrested on suspicion of selling cocaine outside his car. The suspect, Brima Wurie, received several calls to the “my home” number while in police custody. Police then obtained a warrant to search Wurie’s home and found drugs and a weapon.
In the other case, police seized a cellphone carried by David Leon Riley when he was stopped for an expired auto registration. Police learned Riley’s license was suspended and they impounded his car. Police found guns in the car and searched Riley’s smartphone, finding a photo of him next a car linked to a shooting as well as information indicating he was a member of a street gang.
The cases are Riley v. California and U.S. v. Wurie.
ABAJournal.com: “Is warrant needed for cellphone search? Supreme Court ruling will have ‘huge’ impact, law prof says”
ABA Journal: “Low-tech high court to weigh police search of smartphones” | <urn:uuid:92f412a3-47a2-4161-9085-3e79aa427af4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/scotus_rules_against_warrantless_cellphone_searches_in_sweeping_endorsement | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00134-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952841 | 1,014 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Tests show more booster seats getting good ratings
Test results reveal that booster seats are doing a much better job than they did just a few years ago.
In 2008, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety said it could only find 10 booster seats worthy of its Best Bet rating, but there are now nearly 50. The rating means the seats lap belt fits tightly over the thighs.
"It's not riding up on the tummy, which is prone to injury in a crash, and the shoulder belt is fitting snugly across the center of the shoulder. It's not riding off to the side, and it's not riding up on the neck," explained Anne McCartt of the IIHS.
In Maryland, the new child safety seat law went into effect this month. Kids are required to ride in a booster seat until they are 8 years old or taller than 4 feet 9 inches.
A detailed list of booster seats tested by the IIHS can be found by clicking on the link above.
Copyright 2012 by WBALTV.com All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | <urn:uuid:34f71615-6a47-4336-b35b-dbb97de6c886> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.wbaltv.com/money/Tests-show-more-booster-seats-getting-good-ratings/17131480?view=print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00087-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964941 | 228 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Life Path Number 7
Olivier Moncelet is the searcher and the seeker of the truth. He has a clear and compelling sense of himself as a spiritual being. As a result, Olivier's life path is devoted to investigations into the unknown, and finding the answers to the mysteries of life.
Moncelet is well-equipped to handle his task. He possesses a fine mind, and is an analytical thinker, capable of great concentration and theoretical insight. Olivier Moncelet enjoys research, and putting the pieces of an intellectual puzzle together. Once he has enough pieces in place, Olivier is capable of highly creative insight and practical solutions to problems.
Olivier Moncelet enjoys his solitude and prefers to work alone. He needs time to contemplate his ideas without the intrusion of other people's thoughts. Olivier is a lone wolf, a person who lives by his own ideas and methods. As a result, close associations are difficult for him to form and keep, especially marriage. Moncelet needs his space and privacy, which, when violated, can cause him great frustration and irritation.
When his life is balanced, however, Olivier Moncelet is both charming and attractive. He can be the life of a party, and enjoy performing before an audience. Olivier enjoys displaying his wit and knowledge, which makes him attractive to others, especially the opposite sex.
But Moncelet has distinct limits. While he is generous in social situations, sharing his attention and energy freely, he is keenly aware of the need to "come off stage" and return to the solitude of his lair. Olivier Moncelet associates peace with the unobtrusive privacy of his world. Therefore, intimacy is difficult for Olivier, because he guards his inner world like a mother lion does her cubs.
All this privacy and aloneness can cause isolation and loneliness, however. Olivier Moncelet can be aware of an emptiness in his life, a part of him that yearns for company and close companionship that may be unsatisfied.
If isolation is brought to the extreme, Olivier can become cynical and suspicious. He might develop hidden, selfish motives, which people may sense and may cause them discomfort around him. Moncelet must guard against becoming too withdrawn and independent, thus shutting out the love of others and keeping him from experiencing the true joy of friendship and close companionship.
Olivier Moncelet must especially watch out for selfishness and egocentricity, thinking of himself as the center of the universe, the only person who really matters. Social contact gives Olivier perspective on himself and on life, while too much isolation can make him too narrow and even shut off from the rest of the world.
Secretly, Moncelet may feel jealous of the easy relationships formed by others; he may perceive others as less inhibited than him, or more free to express themselves. He may harshly criticize himself for not being more gregarious, powerful, or capable of greater leadership.
Olivier Moncelet's challenge in life is to maintain his independence without feeling isolated or ineffectual. He must hold fast to his unique view on the world, while at the same time being open to others and the knowledge they have to offer.
With his abilities to learn, analyze, and seek out answers to life's important questions, Olivier Moncelet has the potential for enormous growth and success in life. By the time he reaches middle age, Olivier will radiate refinement and wisdom.
Pythagoras loved the seven for its great spiritual potential.
You and Olivier
About Olivier's Life Path number
If ever there was a single moment of total transformation, it was actually the moment of Olivier Moncelet's birth. In that instant, Olivier stepped through a door in time into a new reality - the reality of human life. The most critical number in Moncelet's numerology chart is based on the date of his birth - the moment when the curtain went up in Olivier Moncelet's life. | <urn:uuid:8053badb-29cf-4b57-a282-11feca3c1e46> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.celebrities-galore.com/celebrities/olivier-moncelet/life-path-number/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00190-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970776 | 817 | 1.859375 | 2 |
We are currently living in a network and knowledge-based society. What this means is that we depend on our relationships in order to develop both professional and individual growth. The problem that arises is most people don’t like to share their knowledge with people they don’t know or don’t like.
Research has suggested that we favour helping those we know and that we like, as opposed to helping people who actually really need help. Throughout the last decade, Soulaima Gourani has spoken to and observed leaders, employees, researchers about this and found that today’s workforce are subject to three rules.
1.The 12 Meter Rule – When we are looking for information or inspiration at work, we favour networking with colleagues are within a 12-meter radius of our workspace, meaning we prefer to ask the colleagues who are physically closest to us.
2.The 7 People Rule – When we need advice, we tend to go to the same seven people in our network. The downside to this is that usually those seven people all know each other or are people we have a lot in common with. A result of this is that we end up reproducing the same and outdated knowledge.
3.The 4 Factor Role – Our instincts and brains encourage us to seek out people with whom we have 4 things in common with, for example age, gender, nationality etc. These are people who remind us of ourselves. We have a tendency to look for information from people who we like, who remind us of ourselves and who are physically close to use. Consequently, we very rarely learn something new.
Our knowledge-based comfort zone is our enemy! Our brains are set up to help us survive, it does this by avoiding taking us into unfamiliar situations and by not putting us in the company of people who are different from us. This can be disastrous both now and in the future, particularly when we are going through major changes in relation to the way we work, where we work and who we work with. Our biggest challenge is that we are controlled by our brain that does not want us to actively seek out unfamiliar situations, changes or people who could challenge us. In the future, the most valuable employees won’t necessarily be the ones with the highest IQ, but the one who can work with others and has a higher EQ which is emotional intelligence.
Make connections- All the intelligence in the universe won’t be any good if you cannot communicate effectively and are no good being around other people. Usually there are about five different factors that will affect whether or not you achieve your goals via your network:
- Your principles
- If people like spending time with you
- If you take responsibility
- If you have skills other people need
- If you can make your mark so that people will remember you
It is important that you are someone people enjoy spending time with. It is also important that you are approachable, available and friendly. The Academy of Management Journal tells us that your mood has a direct effect on whether or not people want to spend time with you. People need to feel as though they can approach you. Over the course of your life you will network with many different types of people and so it is important that you become proficient at reading people. You have to be able to:
- Tolerate other people and generally have good social skills
- Accept other people
- Accept change
- Understand the world around you and your community
It is incredibly important that you learn how to converse. A god conversation establishes a good connection between people. While it may sound simple, many people actually struggle with first of all starting a conversation, then maintaining and engaging people whilst conversing. Even if you think you are a good conversationalist, you should still try to work on improving your ability to have a conversation with different ‘types’ of people. You should take responsibility for developing your relationship, making sure that over time you move from being a formal professional contact to an informal personal contact. The only way you can really get new information and inspiration is through building relationship with people who are different than you.
Your career prospects largely depend on how flexible your comfort zone is and whether or not you are open to working through unfamiliar situations with people different to yourself. Sometimes having someone outside of your work or personal life can help you overcome some of the roadblocks you encounter. For more information on our coaching services click here or email email@example.com
Caprino, K. (2014) The Most Common (And Harmful) Ways People Sabotage Their Own Success [Online] https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathycaprino/2014/04/02/the-most-common-and-harmful-ways-people-sabotage-their-own-success/#6b4fddfd6f3c
Boyes, A. (2018) 5 Ways Smart People Sabotage Their Success [Online] https://hbr.org/2018/11/5-ways-smart-people-sabotage-their-success | <urn:uuid:a9aecbba-eaee-4da4-88bd-0638252414a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rfc.ie/get-out-of-your-comfort-zone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.962484 | 1,049 | 2.34375 | 2 |
People in a public place do not normally have a right to privacy, so they can’t legally prevent you from filming: though it’s advisable not to film anyone who clearly doesn’t want to be filmed.
The exception is where people could reasonably expect privacy, for example if they are being treated after an accident.
You should also be very careful about filming children and vulnerable adults: it’s not technically illegal in a public place, but you may be challenged and your motives may be questioned.
If you include children and young people in your film (eg pupils) you should only use their first names, and not include any other information which might help people identify or locate them. You should get parental permission before distributing or disseminating the film. It’s best to get this before you start filming. Many schools ask parents to sign a blanket permission form which may be adequate, but you should check that this covers all the children in the film (and be aware of any students who should not be filmed for child protection reasons).
In a private place (which includes most shopping malls) there is no right to film without permission and you are likely to be stopped by security guards. It is also illegal to film on railway stations, in airports and in some other locations. | <urn:uuid:d3f14399-5872-48c2-bff2-ed7ac3a6ea75> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://mediaed.org.uk/using_film_in_schools/the-law-and-film-education/privacy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00332-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957921 | 265 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Life Path Number 4
Elsa Martinelli is practical, down to earth with strong ideas about right and wrong. She is orderly and organized, systematic and controlled. Decisive and methodical Elsa is employing a step by step rational approach to problems solving, and once committed - she does not give up easily!
Martinelli is not one for "get rich quick" schemes. Seeking to establish a solid foundation, Elsa Martinelli would rather use hard work and long hours to build a business or career. Precise, tenacious and persevering, she has great potential for success, but only after putting out effort and overcoming the limitations she so often encounters. Justice and honesty are sacred to Elsa. She is reliable and dependable, a cornerstone in the community.
Though not an idealist, Elsa Martinelli is willing to work for a better world in a realistic way. However, she can be rigid in her ideas and sometimes too quick in judging her fellow man. She is loyal to those she loves and works well with others. It is important that while being part of a team Martinelli has her own responsibility and well-defined task; she performs better when her responsibilities are not overlapping with those of others. Elsa Martinelli has to be careful not to be bossy and rude. She possesses rare discipline and perseverance and not everyone can keep up with her.
Elsa can handle money carefully and likes the security of a nest egg.
Martinelli's love of work often leads her into a career early in life. Because of her methodical nature Elsa can easily become rigid and stuck in convention. She can also be overly cautious when changes are necessary, this can cause her to miss opportunities that present themselves. Elsa Martinelli must cultivate flexibility in her character. She is well suited for marriage and often becomes a responsible loving parent. However, anything that violates Elsa's profound sense of order, such as separation or divorce can be a shattering experience for her. Elsa Martinelli easily becomes obsessed and even vengeful, seeking her own definition of justice.
Elsa is courageous and a true survivor. She is a builder and the foundation of any enterprise. Her hard work and practical, traditional values pay off to provide Elsa Martinelli with the rewards she seeks and deserves.
You and Elsa
About Elsa's Life Path number
If ever there was a single moment of total transformation, it was actually the moment of Elsa Martinelli's birth. In that instant, Elsa stepped through a door in time into a new reality - the reality of human life. The most critical number in Martinelli's numerology chart is based on the date of her birth - the moment when the curtain went up in Elsa Martinelli's life. | <urn:uuid:a3305893-f679-47bf-9cba-55f32e734013> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.celebrities-galore.com/celebrities/elsa-martinelli/life-path-number/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00123-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966825 | 546 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Ok, some of you might remember a certain Seinfeld episode dramatizing the duties of a Dermatologist, which includes curing “bacne”. The truth is, back acne is a real problem! And yes, I take my job (to solve it) very seriously!
For now, I just want to focus on a type of skin break out people often get on their back and chest in the humid summer weather. It’s actually not technically acne. It is an inflammation in your hair follicles, or folliculitis. Increased moisture and heat provide an environment that encourages this type of eruption. The difference between this and acne or pimples, is that these bumps are exactly the same small size and shape and tend to only form on the upper back and upper chest. They can be itchy, but usually are not painful, like large acne cysts can be.
The cure? A few OTC options are often able to calm down the problem. Start by using Selsun Blue shampoo as your body wash daily. Let the lather sit on the affected skin for at least 4 minutes. You can also alternate this with a Benzoyl Peroxide body wash (like Oxy or Panoxyl) in the shower. If these aren’t working after about two weeks, it might be time to visit your friendly Dermatologist. To prevent another outbreak, change out sweaty/damp clothing as soon as you can, and switch to wicking, breathable fabrics. | <urn:uuid:9f552af5-9bfc-4421-8b08-a9f56ba1ac47> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://westoakdermatology.com/bacne/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.953697 | 309 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Bullying | News
Oklahoma City Public Schools Subscribes to Anonymous Incident Reporting Service
- By Dian Schaffhauser
The largest school district in Oklahoma has implemented a new anonymous reporting tool to allow people to report problems, such as bullying, drug use, and vandalism. The Oklahoma City Public School District (OKCPS) has contracted with Awareity to use its Threat Assessment, Incident Management, and Prevention Services (TIPS), purchased through a state grant.
The service, which is available in multiple languages, allows users to fill out an online form specifying the school, type of incident, and details about the incident itself, such as identities of the people being reported, victims or potential victims, and a description. Or they can choose to use a call-in number to report a problem by phone. The phone reporting system offers an English or Spanish speaking operator who will take callers through the incident reporting process.
Once an incident has been reported, designated OKCPS staff members will be automatically notified for potential follow-up.
The program allows school staff to maintain a record of the recommendations and actions taken, including an audit trail of which members viewed and added information. The software also notifies members when a record is updated. The district can set automatic reminders when it's time to check in with a student who has been recently victimized or other items earmarked for follow-up.
"OKCPS must provide a safe environment in order for our students to reach their academic goals and be successful," said Deputy Superintendent Sandra Park. "This new system provides another tool in reporting, addressing, and intervening on incidents to ensure the safety for our students and staff."
The Oklahoma district has selected school principals, counselors, school resource officers, along with specific district staff to receive alerts "to ensure incidents are investigated and addressed in a timely manner," Park added.
Dian Schaffhauser is a senior contributing editor for 1105 Media's education publications THE Journal and Campus Technology. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org or on Twitter @schaffhauser. | <urn:uuid:c519c465-7523-4120-865f-13fe320bc676> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://thejournal.com/articles/2012/09/10/oklahoma-city-public-schools-subscribes-to-anonymous-incident-reporting-service.aspx?admgarea=News1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00070-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956055 | 427 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Our friends just had a child die. He was young and going fast and went off the road. That was that. This photograph is the view from behind the tree he hit.
His father told me he never wondered, Why Me? and I understand that, because we all imagine the moment when some dark thing will happen, especially to our children, and we wonder instead, When Me?
The family inspired our entire village with the way they honored their boy. After they learned the awful news, the father and brothers began to build a casket. With friends, they took a truck to get the body at the hospital. The father told me the hospital staff had never had this happen before, because now everyone yields all such jobs to professionals.
They did everything with their hands, their love, and their individual attention. They did it in an older way, as it once was done, without protection from reality.
They brought the body home. The women washed their boy and rubbed him with oil and kept him in the house so people could visit and say goodbye. The men finished the casket, and the family and friends carried it through our village to the cemetery, gathering a parade along the way. Everyone was at the church, overflowing.
The family allowed the community to share their grief and to support them in their grief. At the service, the father said, "They say it takes a village to raise a child. Now I know: it takes a village to bury one."
They have reminded us of our strength to face such things--surrendering to the facts, surrendering to solace, surrendering the borders between us. | <urn:uuid:7790500b-c3b7-420f-a2e3-9ff1bd5f40eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cowbird.com/story/50195/As_It_Once_Was_Done/?featured=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00295-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990072 | 336 | 1.554688 | 2 |
This is a must do project! It is beautiful, fun and simple to set up. I did this project at the museum with a group with children and adults. All you need is black construction paper as the base, different colors of construction paper to cut into 1″ strips, markers and glue sticks.
Step One: Draw a pattern on each color strip.
Step Two: Glue the strips to the black paper. You can bend, move, curl, fold the paper!
Use a hole punch to make a pattern!
Write words on the strips!
Use letter, sight words – even numbers as patterns!
This is the observation form we used to observe pattern and rhythm in art. You could do the same thing looking at art in an art book. | <urn:uuid:5ec18d68-ee34-4c86-bd4c-348462524311> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fairydustteaching.com/2011/06/patterns-and-rhythm-principles-of-art/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.930991 | 157 | 3.359375 | 3 |
|ognizant Communication Corporation|
VOLUME 13, NUMBERS 5/6
Tourism Analysis, Vol. 13, pp. 437-444
1083-5423/09 $60.00 + .00
Copyright © 2009 Cognizant Comm. Corp.
Printed in the USA. All rights reserved.
The Vacation Flexibility Index: A Measure of Independence in Vacationer Behavior
Kenneth F. Hyde
AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
Independent travel is generally defined in terms of what it is not: It is not packaged tourism purchased from a travel retailer. Because growing numbers of tourists are choosing to purchase elements of their vacation directly from suppliers, via the Internet, a definition of independent travel based on a traditional view of tourism's channels of distribution appears untenable. An alternative definition of independent travel is proposed, and a measure of independence in vacationer behavior, the Vacation Flexibility Index (VFI), is introduced. Using data on 450 first-time vacationers to New Zealand, VFI measures are shown to vary by travel style segments of the market. VFI measures are also shown to relate to measures on the Novelty Seeking in Tourism scale, and to relate to the advance booking of vacation elements by the tourist. VFI measures are unrelated to the channel of distribution through which the tourist makes vacation bookings. The article concludes with a discussion of the managerial implications of the growing consumer demand for independent vacation travel.
Key words: Vacation tourism; Independent travel; Package tourism; Travel distribution channels; Travel styles
Address correspondence to Kenneth F. Hyde, Senior Lecturer in Marketing, AUT University, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. Tel: +64-9-921-9999; Fax: +64-9-921-9990; E-mail: email@example.com
Constructing a Regional Tourism Satellite Account: The Case of Queensland
Tien Duc Pham,1 Larry Dwyer,2 and Ray Spurr2
1School of Tourism and School of Economics,
University of Queensland, Australia
2School of Marketing, University of New South Wales, Australia
This article presents the results of a scoping study to examine the feasibility of constructing Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSAs) for the regions of Queensland, Australia's primary holiday state. The construction of a regional TSA should not be considered as the end of a process but rather as the beginning of an ongoing process to unfold the importance of the tourism sector at a level relevant to policy makers. Regional TSAs may be expected to generate policy-relevant insights so that tourism activity can be adequately nurtured and stimulated at the right time and right place for sustainable regional economic development. This report presents findings regarding the most suitable methodology for the task, given the available data. The construction of a TSA at the regional level is a complex and potentially expensive task, and the aim of this study has been to propose a methodology that will have long-term application and that can be maintained and updated in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Although set in the context of regional Queensland, the discussion is of general interest for regional tourism stakeholders in destinations worldwide.
Key words: Tourism Satellite Account; Regional Queensland; Economic contribution
Address correspondence to Larry Dwyer, Ph.D., Qantas Professor of Travel and Tourism Economics, School of Marketing, Australian School of Business, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia. Tel: +61 2 9385 2636; Fax: +61 2 9313 6337; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
The Assessment Model for Cultural Festival Budgets
Woo-Hee Byun,1 Timothy Jeonglyeol Lee,2 and Sang-Hyun Han3
1Department of Tourism Management,
Gyeongju University, Korea
2School of Tourism, University of Queensland, Australia
3Department of Tourism Management, Dong-Eui University, Korea
The purpose of this study is to develop local cultural festivals by providing an effective model for objectively evaluating the tourism events, so that public agencies can allocate the budget in the light of accurate information. It establishes model from analyzing the five cultural festivals in Korea by measuring the evaluation variables and using them as coefficients. This study also provides local governments with objective data to make better decisions when allocating the annual budgets of the cultural festivals. To achieve this, three types of value variables were investigated from industry professionals, Korean/foreign visitors, and local residents. The authors examined the model from the viewpoint of the public officials in charge of budgeting for the festivals. The contribution of this study is that it can be applied to the postevaluation of public tourism projects, and it can also be useful for applying the results to managerial decision making for the future planning of cultural tourism events.
Key words: Cultural tourism events; Budget evaluation model; Fuzzy number; Festivals in Korea
Address correspondence to Timothy Jeonglyeol Lee, Ph.D., School of Tourism, University of Queensland, 11 Salisbury Road, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia. Tel: +61 7 3381 1021; Fax: +61 7 3381 1012; E-mail: email@example.com
Exploring Destination Satisfaction: A Case of Kizkalesi, Turkey
Ahmet Bulent Ozturk and Murat Hancer
School of Hotel and Restaurant Administration, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, USA
This study sought to determine if there were any significant differences on overall destination satisfaction in Turkish tourists with different demographic and travel behavior characteristics. In addition, we analyzed differences in the destination attributes in relation to tourists' demographic and travel behavior characteristics. Study data were collected from 233 Turkish tourists in Kizkalesi, Turkey. We performed factor analysis to reduce the number of destination attributes and to obtain correlated variable composites from the original destination attributes. ANOVA was used to determine significant differences in the overall satisfaction of tourists by demographics and travel behavior characteristics. ANOVA was also used to determine whether individuals' responses to the general destination attributes differed in relation to sociodemographic and travel behavior variables. Results indicated that a significant relationship does exist between overall destination satisfaction and travelers' sociodemographic and trip variables. In addition, we found a significant relationship between specific destination attributes and travelers' demographic and trip variables.
Key words: Destination satisfaction; Kizkalesi; Turkey; Demographics; Travel behavior characteristics
Address correspondence to Murat Hancer, Ph.D., Associate Professor, School of Hotel and Restaurant Administration, Oklahoma State University, 210 HESW, Stillwater, OK 74078-6173, USA. Tel: 405-744-8645; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
Understanding Preferences and Characteristics of Japanese Tourists to Hawaii
Jerome Agrusa1 and Samuel Seongseop Kim2
1Travel Industry Management, Hawaii
Pacific University, Honolulu, HI, USA
2Department of Hospitality & Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
Japanese tourists are the largest and most important international segment of tourists to Hawaii. Over the past few years, the number of Japanese tourists to Hawaii has declined significantly. The purpose of this study is to explore the differences in attitudinal and behavioral characteristics, and preferences of Japanese tourists in Hawaii according to key sociodemographic variables. The results of this study conclude that sociodemographic variables show significant differences in attitudinal or behavioral characteristics. For example, compared with those with a high school diploma or lower level of education, respondents with a higher level of education were likely to have greater interest in Hawaiian culture. Those who had some college education or a higher level of education showed a greater preference for swimming and taking a cruise tour than respondents with a lower level of education. The results of this study are likely to be beneficial for understanding Japanese tourists and establishing marketing policies to enhance their satisfaction and raise their intention to revisit Hawaii. The findings of this study could be helpful for all stakeholders, including local tour operators, the Japanese Tourism Board (JTB), and Hawaii's tourism officials.
Key words: Japanese tourists; Hawaii; Preference; Segmentation
Address correspondence to Jerome Agrusa, Ph.D., CHE, Professor, Travel Industry Management, Hawaii Pacific University, 1164 Bishop Street, Suite 912, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. Tel: (808) 544-9341; Fax: (808) 544-9396; E-mail: email@example.com
Youth Travelers' Lodging and Dining Preferences
Thouraya Gherissi Labben,1 Joseph S. Chen,2 and Colin Johnson3
1Lausanne Hospitality Research, Ecole
ho^telie`re de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
2Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Studies, Indiana University at Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
3Department of Hospitality Management, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
This exploratory study attempts to understand restaurant and accommodation preferences among young guests (operationally defined as between the ages of 15 and 25) visiting Switzerland on different travel budgets. The study first divides the target population into four categories of visitors: low, medium, medium-high, and high budget. It then evaluates the guests' preferences regarding restaurants and lodging facilities. All four categories perceive attractive prices as the most important attribute in choosing a restaurant. Travelers with high budget also consider speed of service as a pivotal factor. Independently of their budgets, youth guests want their accommodation to be clean and comfortable. Relevant marketing implications and suggestions for future studies are drawn in the conclusion section.
Key words: Youth travelers; Lodging preferences; Dining preferences; Travel expenditures
Address correspondence to Joseph S. Chen, Ph.D., CHA, Associate Professor, Tourism Management Program, Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Studies, Indiana University at Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. E-mail:firstname.lastname@example.org
The Physical Carrying Capacity at the Cultural Heritage Site of Petra
Khalid Magablih1 and Abdulla Al-Shorman2
1Department of Tourism, Yarmouk University,
2Department of Anthropology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
This study aims at estimating the physical carrying capacity at Petra and offering alternatives to the current situation, which negatively affects the physical and ecological environments of the site. The study utilized data from the Ministry of Tourism, the Central Bank of Jordan, and Jordan Tourism Board for the years 1999 to 2005. The carrying capacity was estimated based on specific formulas after Boullon. The results show that the calculated carrying capacity (16,200 visitors per month) exceeds the acceptable limits except in January. It is also visible that the number of monthly visitors is about the calculated carrying capacity during the season of Arab tourism in Jordan, which is the largest market segment. The study recommends controlling the seasonality of tourism in Petra, using the Siq as an entry point with a single direction flow for tourists, and adopting a promotional policy that ensures the balanced distribution of tourists around the year.
Key words: Carrying capacity; Petra, Jordan; Cultural heritage; Tourism
Address correspondence to Dr. Khlaid Magablih, Department of Tourism, Faculty of Archaeology and Anthropology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan. E-mail: email@example.com
Beyond Tiers: A Network Approach to Tourism Distribution
Douglas G. Pearce
Victoria Management School, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
Tourism distribution research to date has essentially taken a tier-by-tier approach to questions of channel structure and channel relationships rather than a nodal network approach. This article provides a new perspective by extending existing notions of distribution channels through a more explicit articulation of tourism distribution in network terms. It is based on a review of the literature and is informed by the experience of undertaking a major 5-year project on tourism distribution in New Zealand. Concepts and examples of tourism distribution networks are outlined; limitations in existing distribution research reviewed; ways to take network analysis forward are suggested and illustrated with examples; and the management implications for firms and destination management organizations are outlined. Steps to operationalize a network approach to tourism distribution include identifying the focal actors, considering the form of network and the structural dimensions to be analyzed, developing typologies and exploring network relationships.
Key words: Channels; Destination management; Distribution; Networks; Intermediaries; Suppliers
Address correspondence to Douglas G. Pearce, Victoria Management School, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand. Tel: +64 4 463 5715 (DDI); Fax: +64 4 463 5180; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
Resident Typologies Within the Integrative Paradigm of Sustaincentric Tourism Development
Ercan Sirakaya-Turk,1 Linda Ingram,2 and Rich Harrill1
1Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Management,
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
2Recreation, Park & Tourism Science, College Station, TX, USA
The purpose of this study was to examine residents' attitudes toward sustainable tourism in Turkey and determine whether resident's attitudes vary according to host typologies using SUS-TAS. SUSTAS, used here as a tool for identifying resident typologies, allowed the identification of three host community typologies. Data was collected from 1,857 randomly selected households in a large city in Izmir, Turkey. A comparative analysis was then performed between Strong Sustainers, Moderate Sustainers, and Weak Sustainers, resulting in significant differences between these resident groups regarding a select few behavioral and demographic variables. Practical and theoretical implications have been discussed within the framework of sustaincentric theory.
Key words: Resident typologies; Resident attitudes; SUS-TAS; Sustainable tourism; Attitude scale
Address correspondence to Ercan Sirakaya-Turk, Ph.D., Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. Tel: 803-777-3327; E-mail email@example.com
Residents' View of Expected Tourism Impact, Attitude, and Behavioral Intention
I-Yin Yen1 and Deborah Kerstetter2
1I-Shou University, Taiwan
2Recreation, Park & Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
We examined the relationships between expected tourism impacts, attitudes toward local tourism development, and behavioral intention to support local tourism development using data collected from residents of Penghu, Taiwan. The results indicated that expected tourism impacts are perceived to be multidimensional, attitudes differ towards current and future tourism development, and support for and objection to tourism development are separate constructs. Further, the effects of beliefs (i.e., tourism impacts) on attitudes and intentions are not as straightforward as previous research has suggested. Study limitations, implications, and recommendation for future research are discussed.
Key words: Expected tourism impacts; Residents' tourism attitude; Summary evaluation; Behavioral intention; Taiwan
Address correspondence to Deborah Kerstetter, Recreation, Park & Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University, 801 Ford Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Tel: (814) 863-8988; Fax: (814) 867-1751; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
Tourism Information Trust as a Bridge Between Information Value and Satisfaction: An Exploratory Study
Liang Tang and Soocheong (Shawn) Jang
Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Online travel information embraces a variety of sources that represent different views and orientations. How do potential travelers decide whether or not to believe the information and, further, use it for their trips? This research proposes a theoretical model of potential tourists' level of trust regarding online tourism information, empirically investigates factors that produce trust (utilitarian value and hedonic value), and identifies beneficial consequences of trust (satisfaction). Structural Equation Modeling was employed to fulfill these research aims. The findings confirm that both the utilitarian and hedonic value attributes of travel information significantly contribute to the generation of trust. Travelers' trust was found to depend upon their satisfaction with online information. This study suggests that tourism information providers should not only limit their views to communicating marketing information and positioning strategies via the websites, but also need to think more about what information "buyers" need and want.
Key words: Information trust; Utilitarian value; Hedonic value; Satisfaction; Structural equation modeling
Address correspondence to SooCheong (Shawn) Jang, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, USA. Tel: 1-765-496-3610; Fax: 1-765-494-0327; E-mail: email@example.com
Management and Policy Implications of Coastal Tourism Forecasts
Anthony W. Dixon, Chi-Ok Oh, and Jason Draper
Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
One of the fastest growing segments of the world's tourism industry is coastal tourism. As interest in coastal tourism intensifies, the increasing demand on coastal resources will require local governments and private businesses to obtain information on future tourism demand. However, management agencies often fail to incorporate forecasting results into the strategic planning process. The purpose of this article is to present comprehensive forecasting information of coastal tourism demand using various tourism-related time series variables, and provide public and private agencies with a framework for integrating coastal demand forecasts into the strategic planning process. Two different quantitative forecasting techniques were used to project future coastal tourism demand in South Carolina: Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) methods for short-term and midterm forecasts and Naive 1 method for long-term forecasts. Short-term forecast results suggest accommodation taxes in coastal counties will steadily increase over the next several years, while midterm forecasts of coastal tourism-related employment indicates a significant increase in labor force requirements. Long-term forecasts imply visitation to and demand of beaches and coastal resources will continue to intensify. In the coming years, tourism-related businesses in coastal destinations will be challenged to provide satisfactory experiences due to a small labor pool of quality workers. Failure to incorporate forecasts in the strategic planning process may result in the degradation of tourism resources, resulting in a reduction of tourist visitation. Integrating accurate forecasts into the strategic planning process are essential to improving the likelihood of sustainable development at tourism destinations.
Key words: Coastal tourism; Policy development; Management implications; Tourism demand; Forecasting
Address correspondence to Anthony W. Dixon at his current address: Division of Exercise Science, Sport, and Recreation, Marshall University, Gullickson Hall 104C, One John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755-2450, USA. Tel: 304-696-2927; Fax: 304-696-6221; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
Are Local Residents Fickle Minded? Influence of Moral Beliefs on Perceived Gambling Impacts
School of Community Resources & Development, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
This study examines the influence of moral beliefs on casino-style gambling impact perceptions. The subjects under investigation are the local population of the State of Iowa (USA). Results suggest that there is a significant relationship between moral values and the local resident attitudes toward gambling. Moral values predict quite a bit of variance in perceptions and they serve as a catalyst for negative perceptions. Overall, the results indicate that the Iowans are not fickle minded but they are a heterogeneous group of residents and their perceptions reflect their values.
Key words: Moral beliefs; Morality; Impact perceptions; Local residents; Casino gambling
Address correspondence to Deepak Chhabra, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, School of Community Resources & Development, Arizona State University, Mail Code 4020 411, N. Central Ave., Ste. 550, Phoenix, AZ 85004-0690, USA. Tel: 1-602-496-0172; Fax: 1-602-496-0853; E-mail: email@example.com
Skiers' Sense of Snow: Tourist Skills and Winter Holiday Attribute Preferences
Jens Kr. Steen Jacobsen,1 Jon Martin Denstadli,2 and Arne Rideng2
1Norwegian School of Hotel Management,
University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
2Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo, Norway
Winter sports holidaymaking is an essential part of tourism, but skiers and their preferences and perceptions have not been much researched in academic contexts. This article presents certain factors influencing alpine skiers' destination choices and incorporates an examination of how these holidaymakers regard various attributes in relation to their destination choice. The study encompasses three types of destination aspects: ski attributes, price attributes, and destination/facility attributes. Alpine ski holidaymaking is here regarded as a skilled activity, and the skiers' destination choices and the related information sources are analyzed in relation to their winter holiday expertise, operationalized here as skiing skill level.
Key words: Skiing; Holiday; Attribute; Destination choice; Skill; Activity
Address correspondence to Jens Kr. Steen Jacobsen, Norwegian School of Hotel Management, University of Stavanger, NO 4036 Stavanger, Norway. Tel: +4722573800; Fax: +4722609200; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
The Influence of Natural Disasters on Travel Risk Perception
Kwang-Soo Park and Yvette Reisinger
School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
This study explores the impact of natural disasters on travel risk perception. A sample of 354 respondents was surveyed as to their perceptions of the influence of natural disasters and travel risk on international travel. Tsunamis, hurricanes, and floods as well as terrorism, crime, health, and natural disaster risks were perceived to have the biggest influence on international travel. A Principal Components Analysis identified two groups of natural disasters, "Snow and fire" and "Wind and water," and perceived "Sociocultural and psychological" and "Physical" travel risk. The simple and multiple regression analyses identified strong relationships between the perceived influence of natural disasters and travel risk perception. Implications of the study results are discussed and recommendations for future research presented.
Key words: Natural disasters; Travel risk perception; International travel
Address correspondence to Dr. Yvette Reisinger, School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Temple University, 1700 N. Broad Street Suite 201E, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. Tel: 215-204-7139; Fax: 215-204-8705; E-mail: email@example.com
Small Island Developing States (SIDS): Tourism and Economic Development
Diaram Ramjee Singh
Department of Management Studies, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
For several decades many small island developing states (SIDS) have come to rely on tourism as the primary agent of economic development. Although in many instances the industry has emerged as one of the largest and fastest growing economic sectors, much of the anticipated developmental benefits that tourism was expected to deliver have failed to materialize. This has influenced several tourism researchers to question the presumed link between tourism and economic development. This article seeks to explore whether such a link exists and if so what is the extent of the industry's contribution among SIDS. To answer these questions the study will rely on evidence obtained from a simple cross-sectional regression model as well as on estimates of the tourism income multipliers that were generated for several of these island states.
Key words: Small islands developing states (SIDS); Import content; Multiplier; Tourist spending; Leakage rate; Economic development
Address correspondence to Diaram Ramjee Singh, Department of Management Studies, Universityof the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. Tel (876) 977-3775 or 977-3808; Fax: (876) 977-3829; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
Tourism and the Social Production of Culture and Place: Critical Conceptualizations on the Projection of Location
Department of Tourism Studies, The Luton Business School, University of Bedfordshire, Bedfordshire, UK
In 2001 Meethan produced a short but dense examination of tourism as a global phenomenon, investigating the political economy of tourism per medium of the so-called problem of cultural commodification. This article now attempts to distill Meethan's much-needed commentary on the complexities of the production of place, culture, and consumption, and critiques his argument that-at the turn of the century, when he was writing-Tourism Studies was (and still is?) a severely undertheorized field in terms of the function that tourism plays in the dynamics of change and transformation of space and place under the contemporary conditions of globalization. Thereafter, this article (and a companion review article in the next issue) seeks to amplify Meethan's outlook on the cultural economy of tourism by showing how tourism is potentially-if not already-a lead vehicle in the valuation/revaluation of local places and, indeed, in the valuation/revaluation of held inheritances, cultures, and cosmologies. To that end, the two articles in tandem introduce the concept of "worldmaking" to describe the creative and collaborative essentializing/normalizing/naturalizing imperatives that ordinarily and routinely run through the representational repertoire of tourism in each place. In this light, an attempt is made to showing how Meethan's thinking on the social production of "locality," "space," and "culture" variously supports or advances the recent insights of Buck, Kirshenblatt-Gimblet, Fjellman, Thomas, and others, on the inventive, corrective, and highly powerful role tourism plays in such everyday worldmaking activities, where many of these commentators on the power and authority of tourism tend to offer their observations from research positions roosted in "other fields" beyond what is commonly taken to be Tourism Studies. While this and the companion (next issue) review article collectively offer general support for Meethan's judgment on the adolescence of conceptuality in Tourism Studies on matters of cultural production, they do point out that there are indeed a number of generally lone-wolf investigators within the domain of Tourism Studies (such as Crang, Crouch, Jamal, Jennings, Morgan, Pritchard, and Tribe) who are, in their different ways, indeed scrutinizing the making, demaking, and remaking of our local/global iconographies and identifications of place and culture. That is, the point is registered in the two artciles that while the field of Tourism Studies indeed continues to be dominated by its managerialist and noncritical prescriptivisms, it does already have its pioneering and protean individual "critical explorers" of the ways in which the world is imagined and made through the agency and authority of tourism. The articles therefore collectively endeavor to provide a clearer breakdown of what these day-by-day, place-by-place, and sometimes confirmatory/sometimes corrective/sometimes freshly inventive worldmaking projections of local lived reality in fact consist of. They thus seeks to collectively advance the ripening of such worldmaking cognitions in many more fertile "conceptual communities" of within-field ruminators in tandem with beyond-the-field researchers across the globe.
Key words: Tourism Studies theory; Globalization/glocalization; Production/consumption; Collaborative representation; Authority; Meethan; Worldmaking
Address correspondence to Professor Keith Hollinshead, Department of Tourism Studies, The Luton Business School, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury, Luton L.U.2. 8.H.E., Bedfordshire, UK. Tel: 01582: 482555; Fax: 01582: 482689, E-mail: email@example.com | <urn:uuid:64ae3c2c-a000-4a00-b9f0-f5b44296766b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.cognizantcommunication.com/cccSiteFiles/Tourism_Analysis/ta13abs5.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00162-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888614 | 5,916 | 1.703125 | 2 |
8 Popular Museums in Atlanta That You Cannot Miss (2022)
Museums in Atlanta are the year-round destination that both locals and tourists love. From excellent exhibitions for Art aficionados to landmarks focusing on science and history buffs, the multi-cultural essence of museums leaves every individual impressed. As one of the best American cities to live and explore, Atlanta is on every traveler’s list. With that, it is also home to some of the best museums in the Southeast, representing authentic culture and history.
The museums in Atlanta brilliantly highlight its prestigious collection of everything from art, history, science, natural science, and more. They have both permanent and visiting/ rotating exhibits to draw individuals throughout the year. Not only that, but the museums in Atlanta also host a variety of events and programs, ensuring engagement for every single explorer that steps in from its door. So, what are you waiting for? Visit Georgia’s most desired city and explore some of the best museums in Atlanta. Have a look at some choicest options below:
8 Popular Museums in Atlanta That You Cannot Miss
1. Atlanta History Center
Founded in 1926, the Atlanta History Center preserves the war, cultural and art heritage of Atlanta and America altogether. Its 33 acres of wooded campus preserves a collection of historic buildings, gardens, and a research center. It contains both permanent and rotating exhibits focusing on the American Civil war, Native lands, Shaping tradition, Making of Atlanta, Railroad, etc. The exhibits presented here focus on Atlanta’s unique cultural contributions to different sectors. Besides that, the historic buildings in place include the Swan House, Wood Family Cabin, antebellum farmhouse, and farm, along with miniature playhouses. There is even a large garden collection that stays blooming during most parts of the year. Visiting the Atlanta History Center isn’t just an hour affair, but it takes an entire day or two to explore its extravagant charm.
2. Fernbank Museum of Natural History
Fernbank Museum of Natural History is a popular museum in Atlanta that presents exhibitions and programming about natural history. It focuses on both regional and global natural history and features a range of collections on dinosaurs, planets, and more. Fernbank is home to a 123-foot-long Argentinosaurus, a Giganotosaurus, and some more huge dinnasour fossils ever found. Other popular exhibits present here include Giants of the Mesozoic, World of Shells, Fantastic Forces, NatureQuest, a walk-through time in Georgia, and Reflection of Culture. The museum also features an outdoor exhibit in an accessible 10-acre area located right behind. It contains trails and interactive exhibits. There’s even a newly restored 65-acre Fernbank Forest, which too is part of the museum. Besides all of these, Fernbank regularly organizes after-dark events for adults featuring live music, drinks, and films in the theatre.
3. National Center for Civil and Human Rights
Operating as a museum and cultural institute, the National Center for Civil and Human Rights is a must-visit in Atlanta. NCCHR is located in downtown Atlanta near the Georgia Aquarium and Centennial Olympic Park. Though the museum operates both permanent and temporary exhibits, the three main include Voice to the Voiceless: The Morehouse College Martin Luther King Jr. Collection, Rolls Down Like Water: The American Civil Rights Movement, and Spark of Conviction: The Global Human Rights Movement. All of these exhibits are so huge that an average visitor will require about 1 and a half hours to explore them all. A visit to the National Centre will stir your emotions, move you to tears and make you realize how far the world has come in the name of Civil and Human rights.
4. High Museum of Art
High Museum of Art is undoubtedly the most popular museum in Atlanta that you cannot miss. The museum is located in the Woodruff Art Center on Peachtree Street in Midtown. High Museum of Art was originally established in the year 1905, and today it holds a massive collection of more than 18,000 artworks. Its exhibits majorly focus on African art, American art, decorative arts, and design, European art, folk and self-taught art, modern and contemporary art, and photography. Out of the major work you will see here, some of it is a contribution by Chuck Close, Dorothea Lange, Claude Monet, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Clarence John Laughlin, and more.
Besides its permanent exhibits, it also hosts rotating blockbusters like Picasso paintings and Obama presidential portraits. It also hosts a series of interactive activities for both kids and adults during the weekend. High Museum of Art is 95th among world art museums for its collection and the number of visitors it draws annually.
5. Hammonds House Museum
Hammonds House Museum is a cultural hub for the West End neighborhood and the community at large. It is dedicated to African American fine arts that allow individuals to explore the culture and history of artists of African descent. A walk inside the museum will introduce you to more than 450 historical and contemporary works of art. The collection here includes artwork by notable artists, including Sam Gilliam, Robert S. Duncanson, James Van Der Zee, Elizabeth Catlett, Romare Bearden, and P.H. Polk. Hammonds House Museum got its name after former homeowner Dr. Otis Thrash Hammonds. The house in itself is believed to be one of the three oldest houses in West End, built-in in 1857.
6. Delta Flight Museum
The Delta Flight Museum is a unique museum located right next to one of the world’s busiest airports. This aviation wonder is within proximity to Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport. The museum is housed inside two aircraft hangars dating from the 1940s and is quite interesting to visit. Its collection focuses on an array of historic and restored aircraft and memorabilia. You will find notables including antiques like a Virgin Atlantic hot air balloon, a rare, 7-foot-long cutaway model of a DC-7, and more. A visit here also allows individuals to take a stroll on the wing of the first-ever Boeing 747-400 or step into a historic Boeing 767. Individuals who are craving some adventure can also try their hand at a flight simulator.
7. The King Center
The King Center or the Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change is a non-governmental organization located in Atlanta. The center was founded by Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther Jr.’s wife, after his death. The facility focuses on the philosophy and methods of Kingian nonviolence. A visit here will allow you to dive deep into the life of civil rights. The main exhibition space is the Freedom Hall, where both permanent and rotating exhibits are placed all year round. Some of their permanent collection includes notables like Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. and Mrs. King Rosa Parks. Visitors can also tour the two-story Queen Anne-style house where Kind was born or explore the historic Ebenezer Baptist Church, where King’s three generations served as pastors.
8. Jimmy Carter Presidential Library & Museum
Georgia has given one president to the United States so far, and he is Jimmy Carter. The state happens to host Jimmy Carter Presidential Library & Museum in its very own Atlanta city. The facility focuses on hosting papers and memorabilia related to Carter’s life. His library is home to 27 million pages of documents, including 40,000 objects, 500,000 photos, audiotapes, videos, and films. The collection also covers documents on the personal lives of Jimmy Carter and his wife. The library and museum offer free admission to students who are 16 and under. Visitors can explore the museum either on a docent tour or go for a self-guided tour.
Other Popular Museums to Visit in Atlanta
- Centre for Puppetry Arts
- APEX Museum
- Michael C. Carlos Museum
- College Football Hall of Fame
- World of Coca-Cola (A must-visit)
- Waffle House Museum
- Atlanta Monetary Museum at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
- Children’s Museum of Atlanta | <urn:uuid:a66f46fd-c649-424f-bc2a-b55d95d8f78e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thetoptours.com/north-america/united-states-of-america/georgia/atlanta/popular-museums-in-atlanta | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.937712 | 1,696 | 2.21875 | 2 |
The ARM vs x86 Wars Have Begun: In-Depth Power Analysis of Atom, Krait & Cortex A15by Anand Lal Shimpi on January 4, 2013 7:32 AM EST
Cortex A15: Kraken
While SunSpider wasn't a great performance target for Exynos 5250, Kraken is a different story entirely. The Cortex A15s complete the task significantly quicker than the competition, and as a result achieve competitive energy usage although at significantly higher peak power consumption.
Despite the high peak power consumption of the Nexus 10 and its Cortex A15s, total energy usage is the lowest out of any of the contenders here since the Exynos 5250 is able to complete the benchmark so quickly. Intel is up next, followed by Qualcomm.
Once again we're seeing peak CPU power usage of ~3W, compared to < 1.5W for the competition. The performance advantage is enough to justify the added power, however in devices that simply can't dissipate this much heat (e.g. smartphones) I wonder what will happen.
Isolate the CPU cores themselves and the race is much closer, this time with Qualcomm taking the lead.
When mostly idle, the Mali-T604 on Samsung's 32nm LP (HK+MG) process barely sips power.
Kraken - Max, Avg, Min Power
Average Power Draw
Minimum Power Draw | <urn:uuid:02216c0f-1ee0-480f-996a-6e6bc6bf72cd> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.anandtech.com/Show/Index/6536?cPage=5&all=False&sort=0&page=9&slug=arm-vs-x86-the-real-showdown | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00169-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928801 | 288 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Since our daughter Kate suffered from GERD for many years, tooth care was always on our mind. We did not want the acid from her being sick so much to affect the health of her teeth.
We decided that oral care was very important for us and I’m happy to say that our daughters Kate (7) and Jane (4) have not had any cavities.
5 Tooth Brushing Tips
- Introduce healthy foods to your child from a young age. -Selecting healthy foods like fruits and vegetables and avoiding sugary foods are the best medicine for your child’s teeth. When your child does consume sugar (such as fruit juices or sweets), avoid doing so between meals when the mouth’s natural saliva production is low.
- Model good oral heath for your children. – Children learn from seeing what others do. It’s important for kids to see adults taking care of their teeth and not just being told to brush their teeth.
- Have a stool by the sink so the child can be at a comfortable height when learning to brush on their own. – Creating and inviting and comfortable environment for children to brush their teeth will help them learn the independence of oral health care from a young age.
- Get a toothbrush your child will love. At the age of 3 all the way to tween, the Oral-B Pro-Health For Me Vitality Electric Toothbrush is a fun option. It is an electric toothbrush with a 2 minute timer and rechargeable battery – and looks pretty cool too.
- Have your child go with you to the store to pick out their own toothpaste and floss. Giving them a choice helps them become independent and take responsibility for their oral care.
Help teach your kids about the importance of oral health early. Check out tips and articles on oralb.com to help you learn about dental care from babies to kids, and adults too. Having trouble? Why not make a game of it and download the Yuck Mouth game for Android and Apple devices.
Do your children have good oral health habits? Do you find it easy or difficult to model good oral health habits for your children?
Giveaway Moment: The Tween Teeth bundle is valued at $50* and includes: Oral-B CrossAction Pro-Health Toothbrush, Oral-B Pro-Health for Me Vitality electric toothbrush and Glide floss (2).
Open to CANADA only. | <urn:uuid:82854f1b-4968-4091-9f0f-b25b51f604c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mommymoment.ca/2013/03/5-tooth-brushing-tips-from-toddlers-to-tweens.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00412-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955223 | 503 | 2.625 | 3 |
There will be various situations in your life when you have received checks, and you have to get the cash out of it. Or else you can also keep the cash safely in your bank account. In this technological era, unlike past, cashing a check is easy and can be done instantaneously. After depositing the cash, there are many options based on whether you can keep it there in the account or withdraw the fund. You can also pay the bills and can also do your shopping using your debit card. Some people also go for transferring the fund electronically to other accounts or paying bills online.
Online Check Writer
New Customers a Week
Transactions per Week
How can one deposit checks?
There are numerous ways by which one can deposit checks and the primary one being depositing checks using the mobile phone device. It is known as the safest and the swiftest method of check deposit. The process is really easy and supported by the bank’s app. The first thing you have to do is to download the specific bank’s app. On that app, go for the options available for depositing checks by endorsing checks and taking a clear picture of the check on both sides. The next step you have to do is to type in all the information required from the check also have to feed the account number and the routing number.
Another method to deposit your check, as commonly everybody does, is to visit the bank branch and deposit the check with a teller. Experts say that this is the safest form of depositing a check as there is no secondary medium like and internet and an android device, and there are no chances of getting hacked. It is very instant as the check will be cash, and the person will have the indicated cash once he leaves the bank’s branch.
While using a credit union, the method is to deposit the check at any credit union, which should be a part of the shared branching network. You don’t need to approach your credit union; instead, you can visit any open branch. Once you are at a credit union, you can endorse the check in the most reliable mode followed by filling out a deposit slip, and then you can hand over the check over the counter to the teller. Another positive option with the credit union is that you can confirm your account balance before leaving that particular bank.
What are some other methods to make a check deposit?
Last but not least, there is another simple option: to deposit the check at an ATM counter. This option is provided by most of the banks and credit unions in the United States. Different ATM centers follow the distinct method of payment options, and hence it is compulsory to go through the instructions diligently before depositing your check-in into an ATM center.
While you approach an ATM for depositing checks, it is a must that you have to carry the bank’s debit card to the ATM center. The first step you have to take is to insert your card into the mention and then go for the “deposit” option. The next step is to select the account from which you have to deposit the cash in the check, and then you have to type in the details on the check. Once you enter the required data, this will display on the screen, and you have to confirm the amount on the screen and then submit it. You will get a receipt for the deposit.
Another option to deposit a check is to do it by mail. It ends that sending a check through the mail is quite safe, and so many people go for this option. However, there is one negative factor associated while mailing the check as this is not that speedy comparatively.
To make the check deposit more reliable and secure, the user can endorse the check at the backside by giving short notes, which will prevent the check’s utilization. Another major thing that should note is that you have to inquire about the fee involved during check deposits, which may vary from bank to bank. It is better to possess one’s account as it will charge you less rather than approaching some check-cashing stores for the same purpose. | <urn:uuid:3288ae37-69fc-4d72-b547-a677c035d927> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://onlinecheckwriter.com/what-are-the-methods-of-depositing-checks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.957807 | 862 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Throughout the valley of the Po the Gauls took the place of the Etrurians as a conquering power; but Ravenna may possibly have retained its Umbrian character until, about the year 191 B.C., by the conquest of the Boii, the whole of this region passed definitely under the dominion of Rome.
The latest form of the Umbrian alphabet is that of Table V.
Owing to the peculiar character of the Tables no grammatical statement about Umbrian is free from difficulty; and these bare outlines of its phonology must be supplemented by reference to the lucid discussion in C. D.
Paelignian and this group of inscriptions generally form a most important link in the chain of the Italic dialects, as without them the transition from Oscan to Umbrian would be completely lost.
In the year 653 we find North umbrian influence paramount in Essex, for King Sigeberht at the instance of Oswio became a Christian and received Cedd, the brother of St Chad, in his kingdom as bishop, Tilbury and Ythanceastere (on the Blackwater) being the chief scenes of his work.
The first real advance towards their interpretation was made by Otfried Muller (Die Etrusker, 1828), who pointed out that though their alphabet was akin to the Etruscan their language was Italic. Lepsius, in his essay De tabulis Eugubinis (1833), finally determined the value of the Umbrian signs and the received order of the Tables, pointing out that those in Latin alphabet were the latest.
The young Raphael, whose incomparable instinct for rhythmical design had been trained hitherto on subjects of holy quietude and rapt contemplation according to the traditions of Umbrian art, learnt from Leonardo's example to apply the same instinct to themes of violent action and strife.
We have now to notice (3) the points in which Umbrian has diverged from Oscan.
T appears in Etruscan as y, 7 t, and X; of these Umbrian borrows the first two, while Oscan has a form T like Latin.
Above sea-level, at the entrance to the gorge which ascends to Scheggia, probably on the site of the ancient Umbrian town. | <urn:uuid:65a58bd9-349b-4eac-ad2f-d134c3c31c36> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.all-dictionary.com/sentences-with-the-word-Umbrian | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00456-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968191 | 471 | 3.046875 | 3 |
As used in this chapter:
(A) "Approximate original contour" means that surface configuration achieved by backfilling and grading of a mined area so that the reclaimed area, including any terracing or access roads, closely resembles the general surface configuration of the land prior to mining and blends into and complements the drainage pattern of the surrounding terrain, with all highwalls and spoil piles eliminated; water impoundments may be permitted where the chief of the division of mineral resources management determines that they are in compliance with division (A)(8) of section 1513.16 of the Revised Code.
(B) "Coal mining and reclamation operations" means coal mining operations and all activities necessary and incident to the reclamation of such operations.
(C) "Degrees" means inclination from the horizontal.
(D) "Deposition of sediment" means placing or causing to be placed in any waters of the state, in stream beds on or off the land described in an application for a coal mining permit, or upon other lands any organic or inorganic matter that settles or is capable of settling to the bottom of the waters and onto the beds or lands.
(E) "Imminent danger to the health and safety of the public" means the existence of any condition or practice or violation of a permit or other requirement of this chapter or rule adopted thereunder in a coal mining and reclamation operation, which condition, practice, or violation could reasonably be expected to cause substantial physical harm to persons outside the permit area before the condition, practice, or violation can be abated. A reasonable expectation of death or serious injury before abatement exists if a rational person subjected to the same conditions or practices giving rise to the peril would not expose oneself to the danger during the time necessary for abatement.
(G) "Mountain top removal" means a coal mining operation that will remove an entire coal seam or seams running through the upper fraction of a mountain, ridge, or hill by removing all of the overburden and creating a level plateau with no highwalls remaining instead of restoring to approximate original contour, and is capable of supporting postmining uses in accordance with the requirements established by the chief.
(H) "Operation" or "coal mining operation" means:
(1) Activities conducted on the surface of lands in connection with a coal mine, the removal of coal from coal refuse piles, and surface impacts incident to an underground coal mine. Such activities include excavation for the purpose of obtaining coal, including such common methods as contour, strip, auger, mountaintop removal, box cut, open pit, and area mining; the use of explosives and blasting; in situ distillation or retorting; leaching or other chemical or physical processing; and the cleaning, concentrating, or other processing or preparation of coal. Such activities also include the loading of coal at or near the mine site. Such activities do not include any of the following:
(a) The extraction of coal incidental to the extraction of other minerals if the weight of coal extracted is less than one-sixth the total weight of minerals removed, including coal;
(b) The extraction of coal as an incidental part of federal, state, or local highway or other government-financed construction when approved by the chief;
(2) The areas upon which such activities occur or where such activities disturb the natural land surface. Such areas include any adjacent land the use of which is incidental to any such activities, all lands affected by the construction of new roads or the improvement or use of existing roads to gain access to the site of such activities, and for hauling, and excavation, workings, impoundments, dams, ventilation shafts, entryways, refuse banks, dumps, stockpiles, overburden piles, spoil banks, culm banks, holes or depressions, repair areas, storage areas, processing areas, shipping areas, and other areas upon which are sited structures, facilities, or other property or materials on the surface, resulting from or incident to such activities. Separation by a stream, roadway, or utility easement does not preclude two or more contiguous tracts of land from being considered contiguous.
(I) "Operator" means any person conducting a coal mining operation.
(J) "Overburden" means all of the earth and other materials, except topsoil, covering a natural deposit of coal, and also means such earth and other materials after removal from their natural state in the process of coal mining.
(N) "Pollution" means placing any sediments, solids, or waterborne mining-related wastes, including, but not limited to, acids, metallic cations, or their salts, in excess of amounts prescribed by the chief into any waters of the state or affecting the properties of any waters of the state in a manner that renders those waters harmful or inimical to the public health, or to animal or aquatic life, or to the use of the waters for domestic water supply, industrial or agricultural purposes, or recreation.
(O) "Prime farmland" has the same meaning as that previously prescribed by the secretary of the United States department of agriculture as published in the federal register on August 23, 1977, or subsequent revisions thereof, on the basis of such factors as moisture availability, temperature regime, chemical balance, permeability, surface layer composition, susceptibility to flooding, and erosion characteristics and that historically has been used for intensive agricultural purposes, and as published in the rules adopted pursuant to this chapter.
(P) "Reclamation" means backfilling, grading, resoiling, planting, and other work that has the effect of restoring an area of land affected by coal mining so that it may be used for forest growth, grazing, agricultural, recreational, and wildlife purpose, or some other useful purpose of equal or greater value than existed prior to any mining.
(Q) "Spoil bank" means a deposit of removed overburden.
(R) "Steep slope" means any slope above twenty degrees or such lesser slope as may be defined by the chief after considering soil, climate, and other characteristics of a region.
(S) "Strip mining" means those coal mining and reclamation operations incident to the extraction of coal from the earth by removing the materials over a coal seam, before recovering the coal, by auger coal mining, or by recovery of coal from a deposit that is not in its original geologic location.
(T) "Unwarranted failure to comply" means the failure of a permittee to prevent the occurrence of any violation of any requirement of this chapter due to indifference, lack of diligence, or lack of reasonable care, or the failure to abate any violation of the permit or this chapter due to indifference, lack of diligence, or lack of reasonable care.
(U) "Waters of the state" means all streams, lakes, ponds, marshes, watercourses, waterways, wells, springs, irrigation systems, drainage systems, and other bodies or accumulations of water, surface or underground, natural or artificial, regardless of the depth of the strata in which underground water is located, that are situated wholly or partly within, or border upon, this state, or are within its jurisdiction.
(V) "Public roadway" means a road that is all of the following:
(1) Designated as a public road in the jurisdiction within which it is located;
(2) Constructed in a manner consistent with other public roads within the jurisdiction within which it is located;
(3) Regularly maintained with public funds;
(4) Subject to and available for substantial use by the public.
(W) "Performance security" means a form of financial assurance, including, without limitation, a surety bond issued by a surety licensed to do business in this state; cash; a negotiable certificate of deposit; an irrevocable letter of credit that automatically renews; a negotiable bond of the United States, this state, or a municipal corporation in this state; a trust fund of which the state is the primary beneficiary; or other form of financial guarantee or financial assurance that is acceptable to the chief.
Amended by 128th General Assemblych.9, SB 73, §1, eff. 6/15/2009.
Effective Date: 06-14-2000; 04-06-200. | <urn:uuid:65070ec8-57b0-4ecb-b156-0d2cccdaf8fd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/1513.01 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00559-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935089 | 1,732 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Atlases Maps and Globes
Eisco™ Celestial Star Globe
This model illustrates the Earth's rotation on its axis and its revolution.
Eisco™ Sun, Earth & Moon Orbital Model
Multiple moving axis on this gear driven model demonstrate daylight, night, seasons and phases of moon.
EISCO Pulleys Metal, Double-Long
Choose durable lab equipment that will last for years. The EISCO Pulleys Metal, Double-Long has two inline aluminum pulleys with closed sides.
American Educational Products United States Relief Map
Learn how altitude and landforms relate to cities and the use of land.
American Educational Products Globe Kit
Study astronomy, geology, weather, planetary movement and more!
American Educational Products World Relief Map
Large, full-color relief map correlates landforms with political boundaries, city locations and agricultural developments.
Science First™ Solar System Scale Model Kit
Colorful kit demonstrates the relative locations and size of the planets, sun, and moon.
American Educational Products Landform Map Kit
Students can classify regions by characteristic landforms.
American Educational Products Physiographic Sea Floor Charts
Display all of the major physiographic features of the sea floor.
Trippensee™ Illuminated Planetarium, Motorized
Completely automated model includes simulated and synchronized orbits of the moon, Earth, and Venus.
American Educational Products Orbiter Planetarium
Explain the cycles of day and night, the seasons, the phases of the moon and many other astronomy concepts.
Trippensee™ Chain-Driven Illuminated Planetarium
Model sun shines and casts shadows just like the real thing.
American Educational Products Earth in 3-D Transparencies
Bring aerial land formations of the Earth into 3-D detail.
American Educational Products Landforms, Raised-Relief Map Set
Seven raised-relief maps provide realistic visual information on various land formations.
American Educational Products Ocean Floor Raised-Relief Map
Dramatic map of the world captures the geography of the land and the ocean floor. | <urn:uuid:7ce48027-79ae-4f72-b950-6b27e82d8ce8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.fishersci.com/us/en/products/education/apparatus/atlases-maps-andglobes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00310-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.819956 | 423 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Whether you are surprised by this news or not, it is a big development for the future of NASA. An internal email within the space agency has instructed staff to begin preliminary planning for a feasibility study into extending the life of the Space Shuttle fleet until 2015. This isn’t a one year extension, this isn’t just one extra flight, this is a full five year extension beyond the scheduled decommissioning date set by NASA.
This email, although downplayed by NASA sources, appears to show a U-turn in the political climate behind the agency’s closed doors. So what prompted the decision to commence a feasibility study? Could the Shuttle be safely flown after 2010?
It could be that there is an election coming and both US presidential candidates (Barack Obama and John McCain) have recently made the US space program their top priority. It could be because the cool US-Russia relationship has chilled even more after the Russian invasion of Georgia at the start of this month (and yes, it was an invasion, and I know, the US/UK/Allies also invaded Iraq, therefore making us as bad as the next guy etc. etc. This is politics and it isn’t fair or right, it’s just the way it is). It might even be that NASA is a little old fashioned when it comes to accessing the International Space Station between 2010 and 2015 (i.e. they want to do it themselves without relying on foreign hardware). Regardless of the (political) pressures on NASA’s officials, something will obviously need to be done when it comes to the “5-year gap” between Shuttle decommissioning (in 2010) and Constellation launch (in 2015).
Perhaps if the US and Russia had a closer working relationship then the Soyuz option could be more realistic, but in the real world, tensions are very high when it comes to the possibility that NASA could be frozen out of the ISS at the will of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos).
So today, news breaks that NASA is evaluating a possible solution to this problem by initiating a feasibility study into extending the operational lifetime of the quarter-century-old Shuttle fleet. The first Shuttle was launched in 1981, and the renewable system has proven to be a highly dependable and robust spaceship, but it must be retired. Concern over safety aspects prompted NASA Administrator Michael Griffin to point out that to extend the life of the Shuttle would put astronauts at danger and divert precious funds from the brand new Constellation Program. However, it would appear Griffin feels some pressure to arrive at a solution to the political fallout of world events.
And the only answer has always been: extend the life of the Shuttle.
On Wednesday, the internal email sent by John Coggeshall, manager of manifest and schedules at Johnson Space Center in Houston, detailed the possibility of a preliminary study into extra Shuttle flights. “We want to focus on helping bridge the gap of U.S. vehicles traveling to the ISS (International Space Station) as efficiently as possible,” he said. However, in response to news that the email had made it into the public domain, NASA was keen to play down the email saying it was premature and that the goals of the study had not yet been defined. In short, they are considering their options.
But flying two shuttle flights a year until 2015 is exactly the kind of option NASA is now looking at, according to NASA officials and the email sent Wednesday by John Coggeshall, Manifest and Schedules manager at Johnson Space Center in Houston – Text from the Orlando Sentinel (Aug. 29th)
Apart from my obvious wish that the Ares/Orion system was already complete by the time the Shuttle had to be retired, I feel that this may be the only option open to the US space agency. We all know that from political unrest spawns uncertainty for the exploration of space, we simply cannot predict how US-Russian relations will be two days from now, let alone two years! NASA is the spearhead of space exploration, like it or not. If the US is prevented from sending manned missions into space for five years, this may result in a damaging pause in international space efforts.
If the Shuttle can be brought out of retirement, I think it should…
Source: Universe Today | <urn:uuid:45e880d5-2870-4961-8f62-a47d1415fe00> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://astroengine.com/2008/08/30/could-the-life-of-the-shuttle-be-extended-to-2015/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.954757 | 881 | 2.671875 | 3 |
This is a post I’d been meaning to submit for some time and is the chaser sibling to the SOAP fuelled scrub up, showing how to create a very simple service in the Restful style using only Java 6 and the Scala language (note I personally use Scala v2.9). Essentially this is a Scala port of otherwise published material describing REST support in Java 6, but I’d still found value in publishing the Scala version in the hope that it might help others trying to prototype services in the RESTful style without having to switch context and language or pull in a disparate set of libraries to support their efforts. Something to note, is that as this uses the minimal HTTP server support included in Java 6, certain features are unavailable (such as being able to interrogate the Request object for the clients IP etc.. as there is no servlet container included in Java 6 bundle).
To compile the example, simply save the code to a file (e.g. MinimalRestServer.scala) and compile with the standard
scalac command. This will compile the classes into a folder called output. The server can then be started by issuing the command
scala output.MinimalRestServer. Once the server has started the command line/shell should print the line:
Waiting for requests.... You can then make a sample call in the order of: http://localhost:8084/helloWorld and get the expected output. Further testing can be done (using different HTTP methods) using the excellent cURL tool. Otherwise the code snippet below should be [reasonably] self explanatory.
Happy hacking and good luck ! | <urn:uuid:4c242605-93ac-4ad1-9f6b-ea744973652f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://scalabound.org/?p=415 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00157-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.909231 | 336 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Local professor finds Singapore Math adds up
Dr. Richard Bisk of Princeton, a professor and chair of the Mathematics Department at Worcester State College, former co-chair of the Massachusetts Math and Science Advisory Council, is an expert on use of Singapore Math in the United States. Bisk was invited by the Asia Society to participate in a discussion of Singapore Math in Washington, D.C. this past spring along with Professor Yeap Ban Har of the Singapore National Institute of Education, and Duriya Aziz, deputy manager of Marshall Cavendish.
Singapore Math is an approach that builds upon succeeding levels, and assumes that what was taught need not be taught again. By contrast, the typical United States curriculum uses a "spiral" method of teaching that revisits at each level, so that each school year begins with a review of previous material. Word problems are frequently used in Singapore Math, and the strategies towards solving them replace repetitive drilling. Barmodels are used rather than the trial-and-error method being practiced in the U.S. national curriculum.
Bisk says if teachers switch to Singapore Math in the third or fourth grade it isn't much of a problem, but later on it could be because the techniques are very different.
"A lot of the U.S. mathematics books try to do too much in a given year," says Bisk. "There are too many topics and they don't cover them for mastering, but for exposure, so it doesn't stick as well.
"The state frameworks for the third and fourth grade list 40 topics, but the students aren't explicitly tested on each topic such as multiplication tables. A lot of the fifth grade teachers will tell you that the students haven't mastered the multiplication tables. Math is so sequential that if you don't master the basics you really can't go to the next level," he says.
"Singapore Math does the basics with understanding rather than through rote number memorization. If the multiplication tables are learned through memorization rather than really understanding the math, it's a lot harder for kids to figure things out later on."
Singapore Math is basically pictorial, Bisk says. For instance, in the third grade textbooks many of the pages in the Singapore Math books contain dots or squares to represent numbers [thousands, hundreds, and tens]. That way, students see them as totally separate facts with no imbedded meaning. Using model drawing and bar diagrams is a way of organizing the information for the problem.
"All math involves abstraction," Bisk says. "The main feature of the Singapore Math is the use of 'concretepictorial abstract' approach. Students are provided with the necessary learning experiences beginning with the concrete and pictorial stages, followed by the abstract stage to enable them to learn mathematics meaningfully."
The following multiple choice question appeared on the 2005 MCAS test for 10th grade students. It was the question that most students failed, according Bisk.
It's an example of a pictorial approach called model drawing, he says "We draw 12 units because we can easily assign one-third (or four) of them to the grandstand seats and one-fourth (or three) to the bleachers. That leaves five units, which we know totals 11,250 people. We then divide 11,250 by 5, establishing that each unit value is 2,250. Then we multiply 2,250 by 12 to reach the total attendance of 27,000."
Bisk majored in math in college and his first job was as an actuary at Paul Revere. "I realized it wasn't the right career choice for me," he says.
He attended graduate school, earning a master's then his Ph.D. at Clark University. He's been teaching since 1978, starting at Fitchburg State College and then going to Worcester State College in 2001.
"I've been involved in Singapore Math since 2000. That was very accidental," he says.
Bisk was contacted about a state grant program to teach math to middle school teachers and knew a school system that was interested in using the Singapore Math books. "I was asked to do a presentation with the grant using the SM book. So I went out and got them."
SM teaches problem solving using the drawing model process, which helps students develop a visual bridge to algebra, says Bisk.
Several international studies on math and science showed students in Asian countries typically came out on top using the SM books.
"The state grant program got approved, the books came and I did a two-week course with middle school teachers in the North Middlesex Regional School system," he says. "We got better over time and the grant paid for us to go out and teach SM. Over a period of three years we did four courses, three for middle school teachers and one for elementary school teachers."
Bisk then was awarded a larger grant from the state Department of Education for nine school systems around the state covering 60 teachers. "I went to their schools and piloted the materials with the teachers," he says. "After that, the money dried up."
Since then, Bisk has been offering classes for elementary teachers at Worcester State and also goes out to school districts to do courses for teachers in SM. "The better you understand math as a teacher, the better you can explain it to your students," he says.
"A lot of parents are concerned with how math is taught in this country. Many countries have a national curriculum, which we don't. Essentially, we're trying to teach too much at each level. We need to prioritize and decide what's most important."
The U.S. Department of Education commissioned a study comparing the U.S. math system with the Singapore Math system. The DOE found that at the first grade level, Singapore Math taught 34 lessons, Everyday Math (which is used in the Wachusett region) taught 110 lessons, and the Scott Foresman Math had 157 lessons. At the third grade level, Singapore Math included 42 lessons, Everyday Math, 120 lessons, and Scott Foresman, 164 lessons.
There's been a renewed interest in the Singapore Math curriculum, says Bisk.
"People have questioned it but it's typically been well received by teachers," he says. "The challenge is if you're comfortable with math, you want to stick with what you have. I don't want to just tell people how to learn Singapore Math, I want them to understand the math they are teaching and then be able to explain it." | <urn:uuid:1dd47ac9-9f1e-4886-8021-fe2a5e7d8286> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thelandmark.com/news/2008-08-28/schools/115.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00396-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97545 | 1,342 | 2.796875 | 3 |
What is bronchiectasis?
Bronchiectasis is a condition that involves the permanent damage, widening and thickening of the bronchial tubes in the lungs. When the bronchial tubes are damaged, bacteria and mucus build up in the lungs, which can result in the air passages becoming blocked, and frequent infections. While there is no known cure for bronchiectasis, it is manageable with treatment.
Symptoms of bronchiectasis
It can take several months or years for the symptoms of bronchiectasis to present themselves. Among the most typical bronchiectasis symptoms are: coughing up blood, shortness of breath, a persistent daily cough, chest pain, a wheezing in the chest when breathing, unusual sounds in the chest when breathing, fatigue, change in fingernail and toenail structure, routinely coughing up thick mucus in high volumes, respiratory infections, and weight loss. Flare-ups - which can involve night sweats and chills - can be experienced.
It is important to see a doctor right away should you experience any of these symptoms.
Cause of bronchiectasis
The two main categories of bronchiectasis are bronchiectasis caused by the genetic condition cystic fibrosis (CF), and non-CF bronchiectasis.
CF is a condition that worsens over time and can cause long term lung infections, reduce breathing ability, and result in digestive problems.
In the case of non-CF bronchiectasis, the root cause is not known in some cases (this is known as idiopathic bronchiectasis). Known causes of non-CF bronchiectasis include: genetic diseases such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and primary ciliary dyskinesia; a severe infection which has damaged the lung in the past; breathing things such as food or fluid into the lungs; autoimmune diseases; allergies to certain types of fungus; blocked airways caused by an inhaled object or tumour; or other conditions such as Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome.
There are certain risk factors associated with bronchiectasis. Aside from cystic fibrosis, you are more likely to develop bronchiectasis if you have the following conditions: chronic and inflammatory lung disease, immune system deficits, severe or chronic lung infections, and chronic inflammatory lung disease.
Treatment options for bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is usually diagnosed via: an imaging test such as chest x-ray or CT scan; sputum cultures and blood tests; or a bronchoscopy, which uses a small tube with light and camera to see inside the lungs, also removing any items which may be blocking the air passages.
While bronchiectasis can't be cured, it can be effectively managed with bronchiectasis treatment. You might be prescribed medication such as: antibiotics in pill or inhaled form, to treat bacterial infections; macrolides, to treat infection and inflammation; and drugs that help you to cough out mucus.
There are devices which can help, such as positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices, airway clearance devices, and percussive devices which are worn. Physical therapy, including chest clapping, may also be recommended in order to clear mucus. The type of treatment that is advised will typically depend on the stage of the condition you are in. | <urn:uuid:452c8052-2fc7-4bfc-9f0f-8cb2a8d5284a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.respiratorylondon.co.uk/bronchiectasis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.927921 | 717 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Coconut oil has become a staple in our kitchens.
But did you know that it can also be used as a cooking oil?
In fact, it’s great for frying food at home or even in restaurants.
Coconut oil is rich in medium chain triglycerides MCT, which means it’s good for energy.
It contains lauric acid, capric acid, caprylic acid, and myristic acid.
These fatty acids are known to boost metabolism, improve digestion, and reduce cholesterol levels.
Yes, you can use coconut oil in a fryer.
The only thing you need to remember is that it should be stored in a cool place.
And don’t forget to check the temperature before using it
Can you use coconut oil in a deep fryer?
Yes, you can use coconut oil in a regular deep fryer. However, if you are using a deep fryer specifically designed for cooking with coconut oil, then you cannot use coconut oil in that particular deep fryer. Coconut oil is not recommended for deep frying because it tends to solidify at higher temperatures. This could lead to clogged filters and other problems.
Why you should keep the oil in your deep-fat fryer
If you store your oil in your deep-fryer, you can prevent the buildup of harmful bacteria. Bacteria can build up in your oil over time and cause health issues. It is important to clean your deep-fryers regularly. Cleaning your deep-fryeres helps remove any residue from previous batches of fried food.
What’s the best way to keep frying oil fresh?
To keep your oil fresh, you should change the oil every 3 months. This will help ensure that your oil remains free of contaminants. To clean your deep-frying oil, pour it into a glass jar and place it in the refrigerator. Once the oil cools down, you can strain it using a fine mesh strainer.
Why you shouldn’t fry with coconut oil?
Coconut oil is a healthy alternative to other oils such as olive oil, peanut oil, and vegetable oil. It is rich in medium chain triglycerides MCTs which help boost metabolism and burn fat faster. Coconut oil contains lauric acid which helps fight bacteria and viruses. Lauric acid is also known to kill harmful yeast and fungi. Coconut oil is used to treat acne, eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis. It is also used to prevent cancer and heart disease. Coconut oil is also used to improve digestion and promote weight loss.
Can you cook with coconut oil at high temperatures?
Oil is used in deep frying because it helps maintain the temperature of the oil while keeping the food from sticking to the bottom of the pan. It also prevents the food from burning. Most people recommend using vegetable oil for deep frying. Vegetable oils are generally safe to use in deep frying. However, if you are concerned about the health effects of vegetable oil, you can try other types of oil such as peanut oil, canola oil, corn oil, olive oil, or even shortening.
Can you use coconut oil to cook with?
Coconut oil is a healthy fat that is great for cooking. It has a higher smoke point than other oils, meaning it doesn’t get hot enough to burn. Coconut oil is solid at room temperature and melts at 76 degrees Fahrenheit. This makes it ideal for baking, but not for sautéing. To pan fry with coconut oil, heat the oil in a skillet until it reaches 375 degrees Fahrenheit. Then place the food you wish to cook into the oil and let it cook for about five minutes per side.
How do you cook with coconut oil?
Coconut oil is a healthy fat that is used for cooking because it has a low smoke point. It is solid at room temperature but melts easily at body temperature. Coconut oil is great for baking and sautéing. It is also good for salad dressings, smoothies and other recipes where it adds flavor.
Can you pan fry with coconut oil?
Coconut oil is an excellent healthy fat that is used in many recipes. It is very stable and does not go rancid easily. Coconut oil is solid at room temperature but melts at body temperature. It is a good substitute for butter and lard. Coconut oil is rich in medium chain fatty acids MCFA which are essential for brain function and growth. MCFAs are found in animal fats, such as beef tallow, pork fat, lamb fat, and dairy products.
What is the best oil to use in a deep fryer?
Coconut oil is a solid fat that melts at around 76 degrees Fahrenheit 24 degrees Celsius. It is safe to use at higher temperatures than other fats because it doesn’t become rancid. Coconut oil is used in many recipes because it adds a rich flavor and aroma. It’s great for baking, but it does not melt easily. To get it to melt, you’ll need to put it into a double boiler or a bowl set over simmering water.
Can you cook or fry with coconut oil?
Coconut oil is not recommended for frying because it contains medium chain triglycerides MCTs. MCTs are easily digested and absorbed into the body quickly. This leads to a rapid release of energy from the body. Coconut oil is also very susceptible to oxidation and rancidity. It is important to store it properly to avoid these problems. | <urn:uuid:24741477-85eb-477a-9f30-4bd9a583d6dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bronniebakes.com/can-use-coconut-oil-deep-fryer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.954387 | 1,144 | 2.375 | 2 |
Whether you hand water with a can or douse your garden with sprinklers, your vegetables need a substantial amount of water to produce large and edible crops. One inch of water on a weekly basis is the minimum amount needed for adequate growth. However, the best way to irrigate a vegetable garden is through a drip irrigation system. Using a system of tubes with small holes, this irrigation choice allows you to strategically place the water near the plants' base and root systems.
Reduces Water Waste
Because drip irrigation resides just above the plants' root system, your watering becomes more accurate. No longer does a substantial amount of water succumb to evaporation off of foliage, flowers and nearby soil, as it does with a watering can or sprinklers. As a result, you conserve water and save money on your monthly bill. If you cover your drip system with any form of mulch, you save even more water from evaporation. Moisture that remains in the soil after watering does not evaporate as quickly with the mulch addition. Acting as an insulator, the residual moisture under the mulch has a chance at future root absorption rather than burning off on a sunny day.
Retains Soil Structure
Low pressure drip systems trickle water gently onto the soil. In contrast, sprinklers and watering cans create an impact on the soil as the water flows downward. Over time, soil becomes compacted from the water's striking action. Root spread and nutrient absorption suffer as a result of the compacted soil. Using the drip system, the soil keeps its friable consistency for a healthy and balanced ecosystem.
Lack of Leaf Disease
Some vegetables, like tomatoes, easily succumb to leaf diseases such as bacterial spot. These pathogens rely on water droplets remaining on foliage for bacteria, fungus or virus transportation and leaf destruction. Since drip irrigation keeps all the water down at the soil level, leaf disease does not have a chance to occur or spread within your garden. Additionally, growing fruits remain dry and do not rot as a result of standing water droplets during growing season development.
Reduces Weed Growth
Weed seeds and seedlings rely on haphazard watering strategies, including misaligned sprinklers and wayward garden hoses, to germinate and grow within your vegetable garden. Stealing necessary soil nutrients from your vegetables, the weeds require periodic hand-pulling or harmful herbicides. Drip systems keep surrounding barren soil dry, so any weed seeds that are not in the immediate drip system configuration cannot germinate in drought conditions. Your resulting garden remains practically weed free with well-placed drip tubes.
- Mississippi State University: Vegetable Gardening in Mississippi
- Colorado State University Extension: Irrigating the Vegetable Garden
- University of Rhode Island: Drip Irrigation for the Home Garden
- Iowa Irrigation Corporation: Irrigation System Benefits
- Clemson Cooperative Extension: Watering the Vegetable Garden
- Martin Poole/Digital Vision/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:59a9f017-280f-4f9f-8143-1e5511512804> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://homeguides.sfgate.com/way-irrigate-vegetable-garden-45280.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00138-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91988 | 608 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Peace Treaty of Versailles (Articles 231 - 247: Reparations) (28 June 1919)
The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts
the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the
loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and
their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war
imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.
The Allied and Associated Governments recognise that the resources
of Germany are not adequate, after taking into account permanent
diminutions of such resources which will result from other
provisions of the present Treaty, to make complete reparation for
all such loss and damage.
The Allied and Associated Governments, however, require, and
Germany undertakes, that she will make compensation for all damage
done to the civilian population of the Allied and Associated Powers
and to their property during the period of the belligerency of each
as an Allied or Associated Power against Germany by such aggression
by land, by sea and from the air, and in general all damage as
defined in Annex l hereto.
In accordance with Germany's pledges, already given, as to complete
restoration for Belgium, Germany undertakes, in addition to the
compensation for damage elsewhere in this Part provided for, as a
consequence of the violation of the Treaty of 1839, to make
reimbursement of all sums which Belgium has borrowed from the
Allied and Associated Governments up to November 11, 1918, together
with interest at the rate of five per cent (5%) per annum on
such sums. This amount shall be determined by the Reparation
Commission, and the German Government undertakes thereupon
forthwith to make a special issue of bearer bonds to an equivalent
amount payable in marks gold, on May 1, 1926, or, at the option of
the German Government, on the 1st of May in any year up to 1926.
Subject to the foregoing, the form of such bonds shall be
determined by the Reparation Commission. Such bonds shall be handed
over to the Reparation Commission, which has authority to take and
acknowledge receipt thereof on behalf of Belgium.
The amount of the above damage for which compensation is to be made
by Germany shall be determined by an Inter-Allied Commission, to be
called the Reparation Commission and constituted in the form and
with the powers set forth hereunder and in Annexes II to VII
This Commission shall consider the claims and give to the German
Government a just opportunity to be heard.
The findings of the Commission as to the amount of damage defined
as above shall be concluded and notified to the German Government
on or before May 1, 1921, as representing the extent of that
Government's obligations. ,
The Commission shall concurrently draw up a schedule of payments
prescribing the time and manner for securing and discharging the
entire obligation within a period of thirty years from May 1, 1921.
If, however, within the period mentioned, Germany fails to
discharge her obligations, any balance remaining unpaid may, within
the discretion of the Commission, be postponed for settlement in
subsequent years, or may be handled otherwise in such manner as the
Allied and Associated Governments, acting in accordance with the
procedure laid down in this Part of the present Treaty, shall
The Reparation Commission shall after May 1 , 1921, from time to
time, consider the resources and capacity of Germany, and, after
giving her representatives a just opportunity to be heard, shall
have discretion to extend the date, and to modify the form of
payments, such as are to be provided for in accordance with Article
233; but not to cancel any part, except with the specific authority
of the several Governments represented upon the Commission.
In order to enable the Allied and Associated Powers to proceed at
once to the restoration of their industrial and economic life,
pending the full determination of their claims, Germany shall pay
in such installments and in such manner (whether in gold,
commodities, ships, securities or otherwise) as the Reparation
Commission may fix, during 1919, 1920 and the first four months Of
1921 , the equivalent of 20,000,000,000 gold marks. Out of this sum
the expenses of the armies of occupation subsequent to the
Armistice of November 11, 1918, shall first be met, and such
supplies of food and raw materials as may be judged by the
Governments of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers to be
essential to enable Germany to meet her obligations for reparation
may also, with the approval of the said Governments, be paid for
out of the above sum. The balance shall be reckoned towards
liquidation of the amounts due for reparation. Germany shall
further deposit bonds as prescribed in paragraph 12 (c) Of Annex II
Germany further agrees to the direct application of her economic
resources to reparation as specified in Annexes, III, IV, V, and
VI, relating respectively to merchant shipping, to physical
restoration, to coal and derivatives of coal, and to dyestuffs and
other chemical products; provided always that the value of the
property transferred and any services rendered by her under these
Annexes, assessed in the manner therein prescribed shall be
credited to her towards liquidation of her obligations under the
The successive installments, including the above sum, paid over by
Germany in satisfaction of the above claims will be divided by the
Allied and Associated Governments in proportions which have been
determined upon by them in advance on a basis of general equity and
of the rights of each.
For the purposes of this division the value of property transferred
and services rendered under Article 243, and under Annexes III, IV,
V, VI, and VII, shall be reckoned in the same manner as cash
payments effected in that year.
In addition to the payments mentioned above Germany shall effect,
in accordance with the procedure laid down by the Reparation
Commission, restitution in cash of cash taken away, seized or
sequestrated, and also restitution of animals, objects of every
nature and securities taken away, seized or sequestrated, in the
cases in which it proves possible to identify them in territory
belonging to Germany or her allies.
Until this procedure is laid down, restitution will continue in
accordance with the provisions of the Armistice of November 11,
1918, and its renewals and the Protocols thereto.
The German Government undertakes to make forthwith the restitution
contemplated by Article 238 and to make the payments and deliveries
contemplated by Articles 233, 234, 235 and 236.
The German Government recognises the Commission provided for by
Article 233 as the same may be constituted by the Allied and
Associated Governments in accordance with Annex II, and agrees
irrevocably to the possession and exercise by such Commission of
the power and authority given to it under the present Treaty.
The German Government will supply to the Commission all the
information which the Commission may require relative to the
financial situation and operations and to the property, productive
capacity, and stocks and current production of raw materials and
manufactured articles of Germany and her nationals, and further any
information relative to military operations which in the judgment
of the Commission may be necessary for the assessment of Germany's
liability for reparation as defined in Annex I.
The German Government will accord to the members of the Commission
and its authorised agents the same rights and immunities as are
enjoyed in Germany by duly accredited diplomatic agents of friendly
Germany further agrees to provide for the salaries and expenses of
the Commission and of such staff as it may employ.
Germany undertakes to pass, issue and maintain in force any
legislation, orders and decrees that may be necessary to give
complete effect to these provisions.
The provisions of this Part of the present Treaty do not apply to
the property, rights and interests referred to in Sections III and
IV of Part X (Economic Clauses) of the present Treaty, nor to the
product of their liquidation, except so far as concerns any final
balance in favour of Germany under Article 243 (a).
The following shall be reckoned as credits to Germany in respect of
her reparation obligations:
(a) Any final balance in favour of Germany under Section V (Alsace-
Lorraine) of Part III (Political Clauses for Europe) and Sections
III and IV of Part X (Economic Clauses) of the present Treaty;
(b) Amounts due to Germany in respect of transfers under Section IV
(Saar Basin) of Part III (Political Clauses for Europe), Part IX
Financial Clauses), and Part XII (Ports, Waterways and Railways);
(c) Amounts which in the judgment of the Reparation Commission
should be credited to Germany on account of any other transfers
under the present Treaty of property, rights, concessions or other
In no case, however, shall credit be given for property restored in
accordance with Article 238 of the present Part.
The transfer of the German submarine cables which do not form the
subject of particular provisions of the present Treaty is regulated
by Annex VII hereto.
Compensation may be claimed from Germany under Article 232 above in
respect of the total damage under the following categories:
(l) Damage to injured persons and to surviving dependents by
personal injury to or death of civilians caused by acts of war,
including bombardments or other attacks on land, on sea, or from
the air, and all the direct consequences thereof, and of all
operations of war by the two groups of belligerents wherever
(2) Damage caused by Germany or her allies to civilian victims of
acts of cruelty, violence or maltreatment (including injuries to
life or health as a consequence of imprisonment, deportation,
internment or evacuation, of exposure at sea or of being forced to
labour), wherever arising, and to the surviving dependents of such
(3) Damage caused by Germany or her allies in their own territory
or in occupied or invaded territory to civilian victims of all acts
injurious to health or capacity to work, or to honour, as well as
to the surviving dependents of such victims.
(4) Damage caused by any kind of maltreatment of prisoners of war.
(5) As damage caused to the peoples of the Allied and Associated
Powers, all pensions and compensation in the nature of pensions to
naval and military victims of war (including members of the air
force), whether mutilated, wounded, sick or invalided, and to the
dependents of such victims, the amount due to the Allied and
Associated Governments being calculated for each of them as being
the capitalised cost of such pensions and compensation at the date
of the coming into force of the present Treaty on the basis of the
scales in force in France at such date.
(6) The cost of assistance by the Government of the Allied and
Associated Powers to prisoners of war and to their families and
(7) Allowances by the Governments of the Allied and Associated
Powers to the families and dependents of mobilised persons or
persons serving with the forces, the amount due to them for each
calendar year in which hostilities occurred being calculated for
each Government on the basis of the average scale for such payments
in force in France during that year.
(8) Damage caused to civilians by being forced by Germany or her
allies to labour without just remuneration.
(9) Damage in respect of all property wherever situated belonging
to any of the Allied or Associated States or their nationals, with
the exception of naval and military works or materials, which has
been carried off, seized, injured or destroyed by the acts of
Germany or her allies on land, on sea or from the air, or damage
directly in consequence of hostilities or of any operations of war.
(10) Damage in the form of levies, fines and other similar
exactions imposed by Germany or her allies upon the civilian
The Commission referred to in Article 233 shall be called "The
Reparation Commission" and is hereinafter referred to as "the
Delegates to this Commission shall be nominated by the United
States of America, Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Belgium and
the Serb-Croat-Slovene State. Each of these Powers will appoint one
Delegate and also one Assistant Delegate, who will take his place
in case of illness or necessary absence, but at other times will
only have the right to be present at proceedings without taking any
On no occasion shall the Delegates of more than five of the above
Powers have the right to take part in the proceedings of the
Commission and to record their votes. The Delegates of the United
States, Great Britain, France and Italy shall have this right on
all occasions. The Delegate of Belgium shall have this right on all
occasions other than those referred to below. The Delegate of Japan
shall have this right on occasions when questions relating to
damage at sea, and questions arising under Article 200 of Part IX
(Financial Clauses) in which Japanese interests are concerned, are
under consideration. The Delegate of the Serb-Croat-Slovene State
shall have this right when questions relating to Austria, Hungary
or Bulgaria are under consideration.
Each Government represented on the Commission shall have the right
to withdraw therefrom upon twelve months, notice filed with the
Commission and confirmed in the course of the sixth month after the
date of the original notice.
Such of the other Allied and Associated Powers as may be interested
shall have the right to appoint a Delegate to be present and act as
Assessor only while their respective claims and interests are under
examination or discussion, but without the right to vote.
In case of the death, resignation or recall of any Delegate,
Assistant Delegate or Assessor, a successor to him shall be
nominated as soon as possible.
The Commission will have its principal permanent Bureau in Paris
and will hold its first meeting in Paris as soon as practicable
after the coming into force of the present Treaty, and thereafter
will meet in such place or places and at such time as it may deem
convenient and as may be necessary for the most expeditious
discharge of its duties.
At its first meeting the Commission shall elect, from among the
Delegates referred to above, a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman, who
shall hold office for one year and shall be eligible for re-
election. If a vacancy in the Chairmanship or Vice-Chairmanship
should occur during the annual period, the Commission shall proceed
to a new election for the remainder of the said period.
The Commission is authorised to appoint all necessary officers,
agents and employees who may be required for the execution of its
functions, and to fix their remuneration; to constitute committees,
whose members need not necessarily be members of the Commission,
and to take all executive steps necessary for the purpose of
discharging its duties; and to delegate authority and discretion to
officers, agents and committees.
All proceedings of the Commission shall be private, unless, on
particular occasions, the Con mission shall otherwise determine for
The Commission shall be required, if the German Government so
desire, to hear, within a period which it will fix from time to
time, evidence and arguments on the part of Germany on any question
connected with her capacity to pay.
The Commission shall consider the claims and give to the German
Government a just opportunity to be heard, but not to take any part
whatever in the decisions of the Commission The Commission shall
afford a similar opportunity to the allies of Germany, when it
shall consider that their interests are in question
The Commission shall not be bound by any particular code or rules
of law or by any particular rule of evidence or of procedure, but
shall be guided by justice, equity and good faith. Its decisions
must follow the same principles and rules in all cases where they
are applicable. It will establish rules relating to methods of
proof of claims. It may act on any trustworthy modes of
The Commission shall have all the powers conferred upon it, and
shall exercise all the functions assigned to it, by the present
The Commission shall in general have wide latitude as to its
control and handling of the whole reparation problem as dealt with
in this Part of the present Treaty and shall have authority to
interpret its provisions. Subject to the provisions of the present
Treaty, the Commission is constituted by the several Allied and
Associated Governments referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 above as
the exclusive agency of the said Governments respectively for
receiving, selling, holding, and distributing the reparation
payments to be made by Germany under this Part of the present
Treaty. The Commission must comply with the following conditions
(a) Whatever part of the full amount of the proved claims is not
paid in gold, or in ships, securities and commodities or otherwise,
Germany shall be required, under such conditions as the Commission
may determine, to cover by way of guarantee by an equivalent issue
of bonds, obligations or otherwise, in order to constitute an
acknowledgment of the said part of the debt.
(b) In periodically estimating Germany's capacity to pay, the
Commission shall examine the German system of taxation, first, to
the end that the sums for reparation which Germany is required to
pay shall become a charge upon all her revenues prior to that for
the service or discharge of any domestic loan, and secondly, so as
to satisfy itself that, in general, the German scheme of taxation
is fully as heavy proportionately as that of any of the Powers
represented on the Commission.
(c) In order to facilitate and continue the immediate restoration
of the economic life of the Allied and Associated countries, the
Commission will as provided in Article 235 take from Germany by way
of security for and acknowledgment of her debt a first installment
of gold bearer bonds free of all taxes and charges of every
description established or to be established by the Government of
the German Empire or of the German States, or by any authority
subject to them; these bonds will be delivered on account and in
three portions, the marks gold being payable in conformity with
Article 262 of Part IX (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty as
(1) To be issued forthwith, 20,000,000,000 Marks gold bearer bonds,
payable not later than May l, 1921, without interest. There shall
be specially applied towards the amortisation of these bonds the
payments which Germany is pledged to make in conformity with
Article 235, after deduction of the sums used for the reimbursement
of expenses of the armies of occupation and for payment of
foodstuffs and raw materials. Such bonds as have not been redeemed
by May l, 1921, shall then be exchanged for new bonds of the same
type as those provided for below (paragraph l2, C, (2).
(2) To be issued forthwith, further 40,000,000,000 Marks gold
bearer bonds, bearing interest at 2-1/2 per cent. per annum between
1921 and l926, and thereafter at 5 per cent. per annum with an
additional l per cent. for amortisation beginning in 1926 on the
whole amount of the issue.
(3) To be delivered forthwith a covering undertaking in writing to
issue when, but not until, the Commission is satisfied that Germany
can meet such interest and sinking fund obligations, a further
installment of 40,000,000,000 Marks gold 5 per cent. bearer bonds,
the time and mode of payment of principal and interest to be
determined by the Commission.
The dates for payment of interest, the manner of applying the
amortisation fund, and all other questions relating to the issue,
management and regulation of the bond issue shall be determined by
the Commission from time to time.
Further issues by way of acknowledgment and security may be
required as the Commission subsequently determines from time to
(d) In the event of bonds, obligations or other evidence of
indebtedness issued by Germany by way of security for or
acknowledgment of her reparation debt being disposed of outright,
not by way of pledge, to persons other than the several Governments
in whose favour Germany's original reparation indebtedness was
created, an amount of such reparation indebtedness shall be deemed
to be extinguished corresponding to the nominal value of the bonds,
etc., so disposed of outright, and the obligation of Germany in
respect of such bonds shall be confined to her liabilities to the
holders of the bonds, as expressed upon their face.
(e) The damage for repairing, reconstructing and rebuilding
property in the invaded and devastated districts, including
reinstallation of furniture, machinery and other equipment, will be
calculated according to the cost at the dates when the work is
(f) Decisions of the Commission relating to the total or partial
cancellation of the capital or interest of any verified debt of
Germany must be accompanied by a statement of its reasons.
As to voting, the Commission will observe the following rules:
When a decision of the Commission is taken, the votes of all the
Delegates entitled to vote, or in the absence of any of them, of
their Assistant Delegates, shall be recorded. Abstention from
voting is to be treated as a vote against the proposal under
discussion. Assessors have no vote.
On the following questions unanimity is necessary:
(a) Questions involving the sovereignty of any of the Allied and
Associated Powers, or the cancellation of the whole or any part of
the debt or obligations of Germany;
(b) Questions of determining the amount and conditions of bonds or
other obligations to be issued by the German Government and of
fixing the time and manner for selling, negotiating or distributing
(c) Any postponement, total or partial, beyond the end of 1930, of
the payment of installments falling due between May 1, 1921, and
the end of 1926 inclusive;
(d) Any postponement, total or partial, of any installment falling
due after 1926 for a period exceeding three years;
(e) Questions of applying in any particular case a method of
measuring damages different from that which has been previously
applied in a similar case;
(f) Questions of the interpretation of the provisions of this Part
of the present Treaty.
All other questions shall be decided by the vote of a majority.
In case of any difference of opinion among the Delegates, which
cannot be solved by reference to their Governments, upon the
question whether a given case is one which requires a unanimous
vote for its decision or not, such difference shall be referred to
the immediate arbitration of some impartial person to be agreed
upon by their Governments, whose award the Allied and Associated
Governments agree to accept.
Decisions of the Commission, in accordance with the powers
conferred upon it, shall forthwith become binding and may be put
into immediate execution without further Proceedings.
The Commission will issue to each of the interested Powers, in such
form as the Commission shall fix:
(l) A certificate stating that it holds for the account of the said
Power bonds of the issues mentioned above, the said certificate, on
the demand of the Power concerned, being divisible in a number of
parts not exceeding five;
(2) From time to time certificates stating the goods delivered by
Germany on account of her reparation debt which it holds for the
account of the said Power.
The said certificates shall be registered, and upon notice to the
Commission, may be transferred by endorsement.
When bonds are issued for sale or negotiation, and when goods are
delivered by the Commission, certificates to an equivalent value
must be withdrawn.
Interest shall be debited to Germany as from May 1, 1921, in
respect of her debt as determined by the Commission, after allowing
for sums already covered by cash payments or their equivalent, or
by bonds issued to the Commission, or under Article 243. The rate
of interest shall be 5 per cent. unless the Commission shall
determine at some future time that circumstances justify a
variation of the rate.
The Commission, in fixing on May 1, 1921, the total amount of the
debt of Germany, may take account of interest due on sums arising
out of the reparation of material damage as from November 11, 1918,
up to May 1, 1921.
In case of default by Germany in the performance of any obligation
under this Part of the present Treaty, the Commission will
forthwith give notice of such default to each of the interested
Powers and may make such recommendations as to the action to be
taken in consequence of such default as it may think necessary.
The measures which the Allied and Associated Powers shall have the
right to take, in case of voluntary default by Germany, and which
Germany agrees not to regard as acts of war may include economic
and financial prohibitions and reprisals and in general such other
measures as the respective Governments may determine to be
necessary in the circumstances.
Payments required to be made in gold or its equivalent on account
of the proved claims of the Allied and Associated Powers may at any
time be accepted by the Commission in the form of chattels,
properties, commodities, businesses, rights, concessions within or
without German territory, ships, bonds, shares or securities of any
kind, or currencies of Germany or other States, the value of such
substitutes for good being fixed at a fair and just amount by the
The Commission, in fixing or accepting payment in specified
properties or rights, shall have due regard for any legal or
equitable interests of the Allied and Associated Powers or of
neutral Powers or of their nationals therein.
No member of the Commission shall be responsible, except to the
Government appointing him, for any action or omission as such
member. No one of the Allied or Associated Governments assumes any
responsibility in respect of any other Government.
Subject to the provisions of the present Treaty this Annex may be
amended by the unanimous decision of the Governments represented
from time to time upon the Commission.
When all the amounts due from Germany and her allies under the
present Treaty or the decisions of the Commission have been
discharged and all sums received, or their equivalents, shall have
been distributed to the Powers interested, the Commission shall be
Germany recognises the right of the Allied and Associated Powers to
the replacement, ton for ton (gross tonnage) and class for class,
of all merchant ships and fishing boats lost or damaged owing to
Nevertheless, and in spite of the fact that the tonnage of German
shipping at present in existence is much less than that lost by the
Allied and Associated Powers in consequence of the German
aggression, the right thus recognised will be enforced on German
ships and boats under the following conditions:
The German Government, on behalf of themselves and so as to bind
all other persons interested, cede to the Allied and Associated
Governments the property in all the German merchant ships which are
of 1,600 tons gross and upwards; in one-half, reckoned in tonnage,
of the ships which are between 1,000 tons and 1,600 tons gross; in
one-quarter, reckoned in tonnage, of the steam trawlers; and in
one-quarter, reckoned in tonnage, of the other fishing boats.
The German Government will, within two months of the coming into
force of the present Treaty, deliver to the Reparation Commission
all the ships and boats mentioned in paragraph 1.
The ships and boats mentioned in paragraph 1 include all ships and
boats which (a) fly, or may be entitled to fly, the German merchant
flag; or (b) are owned by any German national, company or
corporation or by any company or corporation belonging to a country
other than an Allied or Associated country and under the control or
direction of German nationals; or (c) are now under construction
(1) in Germany, (2) in other than Allied or Associated countries
for the account of any German national, company or corporation.
For the purpose of providing documents of title for the ships and
boats to be handed over as above mentioned, the German Government
(a) Deliver to the Reparation Commission in respect of each vessel
a bill of sale or other document of title evidencing the transfer
to the Commission of the entire property in the vessel free from
all encumbrances, charges and liens of all kinds, as the Commission
(b) Take all measures that may be indicated by the Reparation
Commission for ensuring that the ships themselves shall be placed
at its disposal.
As an additional part of reparation, Germany agrees to cause
merchant ships to be built in German yards for the account of the
Allied and Associated Governments as follows:
(a) Within three months of the coming into force of the present
Treaty, the Reparation Commission will notify to the German
Government the amount of tonnage to be laid down in German ship-
yards in each of the two years next succeeding the three months
(b) Within two years of the coming into force of the present
Treaty, the Reparation Commission will notify to the German
Government the amount of tonnage to be laid down in each of the
three years following the two years mentioned above.
(c) The amount of tonnage to be laid down in each year shall not
exceed 200,000 tons, gross tonnage.
(d) The specifications of the ships to be built, the conditions
under which they are to be built and delivered, the price per ton
at which they are to be accounted for by the Reparation Commission,
and all other questions relating to the accounting ordering,
building and delivery of the ships, shall be determined by the
Germany undertakes to restore in kind and in normal condition of
upkeep to the Allied and Associated Powers, within two months of
the coming into force of the present Treaty, in accordance with
procedure to be laid down by the Reparation Commission, any boats
and other movable appliances belonging to inland navigation which
since August 1, 1914, have by any means whatever come into her
possession or into the possession of her nationals, and which can
With a view to make good the loss in inland navigation tonnage from
whatever cause arising, which has been incurred during the war by
the Allied and Associated Powers, and which cannot be made good by
means of the restitution prescribed above, Germany agrees to cede
to the Reparation Commission a portion of the German river fleet up
to the amount of the loss mentioned above, provided that such
cession shall not exceed 20 per cent. of the river fleet as it
existed on November 11, 1918.
The conditions of this cession shall be settled by the arbitrators
referred to in Article 339 of Part XII (Ports, Waterways and
Railways) of the present Treaty, who are charged with the
settlement of difficulties relating to the apportionment of river
tonnage resulting from the new international regime applicable to
certain river systems or from the territorial changes affecting
Germany agrees to take any measures that may be indicated to her by
the Reparation Commission for obtaining the full title to the
property in all ships which have during the war been transferred,
or are in process of transfer, to neutral flags, without the
consent of the Allied and Associated Governments.
Germany waives all claims of any description against the Allied and
Associated Governments and their nationals in respect of the
detention, employment, loss or damage of any German ships or boats,
exception being made of payments due in respect of the employment
of ships in conformity with the Armistice Agreement of January 13,
1919, and subsequent Agreements.
The handing over of the ships of the German mercantile marine must
be continued without interruption in accordance with the said
Germany waives all claims to vessels or cargoes sunk by or in
consequence of naval action and subsequently salved, in which any
of the Allied or Associated Governments or their nationals may have
any interest either as owners, charterers, insurers or otherwise,
notwithstanding any decree of condemnation which may have been made
by a Prize Court of Germany or of her allies.
The Allied and Associated Powers require, and Germany undertakes,
that in part satisfaction of her obligations expressed in the
present Part she will, as hereinafter provided, devote her economic
resources directly to the physical restoration of the invaded areas
of the Allied and Associated Powers, to the extent that these
Powers may determine.
The Allied and Associated Governments may file with the Reparation
Commission lists showing:
(a) Animals, machinery, equipment, tools and like articles of a
commercial character, which have been seized, consumed or destroyed
by Germany or destroyed in direct consequence of military
operations, and which such Governments, for the purpose of meeting
immediate and urgent needs, desire to have replaced by animals and
articles of the same nature which are in being in German territory
at the date of the coming into force of the present Treaty;
(b) Reconstruction materials (stones, bricks, refractory bricks,
tiles, wood, window-glass, steel, lime, cement, etc.), machinery,
heating apparatus, furniture and like articles of a commercial
character which the said Governments desire to have produced and
manufactured in Germany and delivered to them to permit of the
restoration of the invaded areas.
The lists relating to the articles mentioned in 2 (a) above shall
be filed within sixty days after the date of the coming into force
of the present Treaty.
The lists relating to the articles in 2 (b) above shall be filed on
or before December 31, 1919.
The lists shall contain all such details as are customary in
commercial contracts dealing with the subject matter, including
specifications, dates of delivery (but not extending over more than
four years), and places of delivery, but not price or value, which
shall be fixed as hereinafter provided by the Commission.
Immediately upon the filing of such lists with the Commission, the
Commission shall consider the amount and number of the materials
and animals mentioned in the lists provided for above which are to
be required of Germany. In reaching a decision on this matter the
Commission shall take into account such domestic requirements of
Germany as it deems essential for the maintenance of Germany's
social and economic life, the prices and dates at which similar
articles can be obtained in the Allied and Associated countries as
compared with those to be fixed for German articles, and the
general interest of the Allied and Associated Governments that the
industrial life of Germany be not so disorganised as to affect
adversely the ability of Germany to perform the other acts of
reparation stipulated for.
Machinery, equipment, tools and like articles of a commercial
character in actual industrial use are not, however, to be demanded
of Germany unless there is no free stock of such articles
respectively which is not in use and is available, and then not m
excess of thirty per cent. of the quantity of such articles in use
in any one establishment or undertaking.
The Commission shall give representatives of the German Government
an opportunity and a time to be heard as to their capacity to
furnish the said materials, articles and animals.
The decision of the Commission shall thereupon and at the earliest
possible moment be communicated to the German Government and to the
several interested Allied and Associated Governments.
The German Government undertakes to deliver the materials, articles
and animals as specified in the said communication, and the
interested Allied and Associated Governments severally agree to
accept the same, provided they conform to the specification given,
or are not, in the judgment of the Commission, unfit to be utilised
in the work of reparation.
The Commission shall determine the value to be attributed to the
materials, articles and animals to be delivered in accordance with
the foregoing, and the Allied or Associated Power receiving the
same agrees to be charged with such value, and the amount thereof
shall be treated as a payment by Germany to be divided in
accordance with Article 237 of this Part of the present Treaty.
In cases where the right to require physical restoration as above
provided is exercised, the Commission shall ensure that the amount
to be credited against the reparation obligation of Germany shall
be the fair value of work done or materials supplied by Germany,
and that the claim made by the interested Power in respect of the
damage so repaired by physical restoration shall be discharged to
the extent of the proportion which the damage thus repaired bears
to the whole of the damage thus claimed for.
As an immediate advance on account of the animals referred to in
paragraph 2 (a) above, Germany undertakes to deliver in equal
monthly installments in the three months following the coming into
force of the present Treaty the following quantities of live stock:
(1) To the French Government.
500 stallions (3 to 7 years);
30,000 fillies and mares (18 months to 7 years), type: Ardennais,
Boulonnais or Belgian;
2,000 bulls (18 months to 3 years);
90,000 milch cows (2 to 6 years);
(2) To the Belgian Government.
200 stallions (3 to 7 years), large Belgian type;
5,000 mares (3 to 7 years), large Belgian type;
5,000 fillies (18 months to 3 years), large Belgian type;
2,000 bulls (18 months to 3 years);
50,000 milch cows (2 to 6 years);
The animals delivered shall be of average health and condition.
To the extent that animals so delivered cannot be identified as
animals taken away or seized, the value of such animals shall be
credited against the reparation obligations of Germany in
accordance with paragraph 5 of this Annex.
Without waiting for the decisions of the Commission referred to in
paragraph 4 of this Annex to be taken, Germany must continue the
delivery to France of the agricultural material referred to in
Article III of the renewal dated January 16, 1919, of the
Germany accords the following options for the delivery of coal and
derivatives of coal to the undermentioned signatories of the
Germany undertakes to deliver to France seven million tons of coal
per year for ten years. In addition, Germany undertakes to deliver
to France annually for a period not exceeding ten years an amount
of coal equal to the difference between the annual production
before the war of the coal mines of the Nord and Pas de Calais,
destroyed as a result of the war, and the production of the mines
of the same area during the years in question: such delivery not to
exceed twenty million tons in any one year of the first five years,
and eight million tons in any one year of the succeeding five
It is understood that due diligence will be exercised in the
restoration of the destroyed mines in the Nord and the Pas de
Germany undertakes to deliver to Belgium eight million tons of coal
annually for ten years.
Germany undertakes to deliver to Italy up to the following .
quantities of coal:
July 1919 to June 1920 4-1/2 million tons, 1920
1921 1922 7-1/2 1922
1923 8 1923 1924 and each of the
following five years 8-1/2
At least two-thirds of the actual deliveries to be land-borne.
Germany further undertakes to deliver annually to Luxemburg, if
directed by the Reparation Commission, a quantity of coal equal to
the pre-war annual consumption of German coal in Luxemburg.
The prices to be paid for coal delivered under these options shall
be as follows:
(a) For overland delivery, including delivery by barge, the German
pithead price to German nationals, plus the freight to French,
Belgian, Italian or Luxemburg frontiers, provided that the pithead
price does not exceed the pithead price of British coal for export.
In the case of Belgian bunker coal, the price shall not exceed the
Dutch bunker price.
Railroad and barge tariffs shall not be higher than the lowest
similar rates paid in Germany.
(b) For sea delivery, the German export price f. o. b. German
ports, or the British export price f. o. b. British ports,
whichever may be lower.
The Allied and Associated Governments interested may demand the
delivery, in place of coal, of metallurgical coke in the proportion
of 3 tons of coke to 4 tons of coal.
Germany undertakes to deliver to France, and to transport to the
French frontier by rail or by water, the following products, during
each of the three years following the coming into force of this
Benzol 35,000 tons.
Coal tar 50,000 tons
Sulphate of ammonia 30,000 tons.
All or part of the coal tar may, at the option of the French
Government, be replaced by corresponding quantities of products of
distillation, such as light oils, heavy oils, anthracene,
napthalene or pitch
The price paid for coke and for the articles referred to in the
preceding paragraph shall be the same as the price paid by German
nationals under the same conditions of shipment to the French
frontier or to the German ports, and shall be subject to any
advantages which may be accorded similar products furnished to
The foregoing options shall be exercised through the intervention
of the Reparation Commission, which, subject to the specific
provisions hereof, shall have power to determine all questions
relative to procedure and the qualities and quantities of products,
the quantity of coke which may be substituted for coal, and the
times and modes of delivery and payment. In giving notice to the
German Government of the foregoing options the Commission shall
give at least 120 days, notice of deliveries to be made after
January 1, 1920, and at least 30 days, notice of deliveries to be
made between the coming into force of this Treaty and January 1,
1920. Until Germany has received the demands referred to in this
paragraph, the provisions of the Protocol of December 25, 1918,
(Execution of Article VI of the Armistice of November 11, 1918)
remain in force. The notice to be given to the German Government of
the exercise of the right of substitution accorded by paragraphs 7
and 8 shall be such as the Reparation Commission may consider
sufficient. If the Commission shall determine that the full
exercise of the foregoing options would interfere unduly with the
industrial requirements of Germany, the Commission is authorised to
postpone or to cancel deliveries, and in so doing to settle all
questions of priority; but the coal to replace coal from destroyed
mines shall receive priority over other deliveries.
Germany accords to the Reparation Commission an option to require
as part of reparation the delivery by Germany of such quantities
and kinds of dyestuffs and chemical drugs as the Commission may
designate, not exceeding 50 per cent. of the total stock of each
and every kind of dyestuff and chemical drug in Germany or under
German control at the date of the coming into force of the present
This option shall be exercised within sixty days of the receipt by
the Commission of such particulars as to stocks as may be
considered necessary by the Commission.
Germany further accords to the Reparation Commission an option to
require delivery during the period from the date of the coming into
force of the present Treaty until January 1, 1920, and during each
period of six months thereafter until January 1 , 1925, of any
specified kind of dyestuff and chemical drug up to an amount not
exceeding 25 per cent. of the German production of such dyestuffs
and chemical drugs during the previous six months period. If in any
case the production during such previous six months was, in the
opinion of the Commission, less than normal, the amount required
may be 25 per cent. of the normal production.
Such option shall be exercised within four weeks after the receipt
of such particulars as to production and in such form as may be
considered necessary by the Commission; these particulars shall be
furnished by the German Government immediately after the expiration
of each six months period.
For dyestuffs and chemical drugs delivered under paragraph 1 , the
price shall be fixed by the Commission having regard to prewar net
export prices and to subsequent increases of cost.
For dyestuffs and chemical drugs delivered under paragraph 2, the
price shall be fixed by the Commission having regard to pre-war net
export prices and subsequent variations of cost, or the lowest net
selling price of similar dyestuffs and chemical drugs to any other
All details, including mode and times of exercising the options,
and making delivery, and all other questions arising under this
arrangement shall be determined by the Reparation Commission; the
German Government will furnish to the Commission all necessary
information and other assistance which it may require.
The above expression ,,dyestuffs and chemical drugs,, includes all
synthetic dyes and drugs and intermediate or other products used in
connection with dyeing, so far as they are manufactured for sale.
The present arrangement shall also apply to cinchona bark and salts
Germany renounces on her own behalf and on behalf of her nationals
in favour of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers all rights,
titles or privileges of whatever nature in the submarine cables set
out below, or in any portions thereof:
Emden-vigo: from the Straits of Dover to off vigo; Emden-Brest:
from off Cherbourg to Brest; Emden-Teneriffe: from off Dunkirk to
off Teneriffe; Emden-Azores (1): from the Straits of Dover to
Fayal; Emden-Azores (2): from the Straits of Dover to Fayal;
Azores-New York (1): from Fayal to New York; Azores-New York (2):
from Fayal to the longitude of Halifax, Teneriffe-Monrovia: from
off Teneriffe to off Monrovia; Monrovia-Lome:
from about lat. :2° 30' N.; long.:7° 40' W. of
Greenwich: to about lat. :2° 20' N.; long.:5° 30, W. of
Greenwich; and from about lat. :3° 48' N.; long.:0°
00', to Lome;
Lome-Duala: from Lome to Duala; Monrovia-Pernambuco: from off
Monrovia to off Pernambuco; Constantinople-Constanza: from
Constantinople to Constanza; Yap-Shanghai, Yap-Guam, and Yap-Menado
(Celebes): from Yap Island to Shanghai, from Yap Island to Guam
Island, and from Yap Island to Menado.
The value of the above mentioned cables or portions thereof in so
far as they are privately owned, calculated on the basis of the
original cost less a suitable allowance for depreciation, shall be
credited to Germany in the reparation account.
Within six months after the coming into force of the present Treaty
the German Government must restore to the French Government the
trophies, archives, historical souvenirs or works of art carried
away from France by the German authorities in the course of the war
of 1870-1871 and during this last war, in accordance with a list
which will be communicated to it by the French Government;
particularly the French flags taken in the course of the war of
1870-1871 and all the political papers taken by the German
authorities on October 1o, 1870, at the chateau of Cercay, near
Brunoy (Seine-et-Oise) belonging at the time to Mr. Rouher,
formerly Minister of State.
Within six months from the coming into force of the present Treaty,
Germany will restore to His Majesty the King of the Hedjaz the
original Koran of the Caliph Othman, which was removed from Medina
by the Turkish authorities and is stated to have been presented to
the ex-Emperor William II.
Within the same period Germany will hand over to His Britannic
Majesty's Government the skull of the Sultan Mkwawa which was
removed from the Protectorate of German East Africa and taken to
The delivery of the articles above referred to will be effected in
such place and in such conditions as may be laid down by the
Governments to which they are to be restored.
Germany undertakes to furnish to the University of Louvain, within
three months after a request made by it and transmitted through the
intervention of the Reparation Commission, manuscripts, incunabula,
printed books, maps and objects of collection corresponding in
number and value to those destroyed in the burning by Germany of
the Library of Louvain. All details regarding such replacement will
be determined by the Reparation Commission.
Germany undertakes to deliver to Belgium, through the Reparation
Commission, within six months of the coming into force of the
present Treaty, in order to enable Belgium to reconstitute two
great artistic works:
(1) The leaves of the triptych of the Mystic Lamb painted by the
Van Eyck brothers, formerly in the Church of St. Bavon at Ghent,
now in the Berlin Museum;
(2) The leaves of the triptych of the Last Supper, painted by
Dierick Bouts, formerly in the Church of St. Peter at Louvain, two
of which are now in the Berlin Museum and two in the Old Pinakothek | <urn:uuid:4d11180a-138b-417d-96ca-bb60e1b85c00> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.humanitiesweb.org/spa/hdi/ID/77 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721027.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00549-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933044 | 10,685 | 3.453125 | 3 |
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Crofters and contractors on Skye are being urged to be mindful of corncrakes when cutting their silage fields this summer.
The Skye Corncrake and Crofting Partnership, with the help of National Heritage Lottery Funding through the Corncrake Calling project, are on hand to help ensure that winter feed for animals is produced and at the same time not compromising valuable habitat for corncrakes and the other wildlife that relies on these grasslands.
For the last couple of years only around eight calling males have returned to breed on the island.
RSPB Scotland Corncrake Project Officer for Skye, Shelagh Parlane, told us: ‘We can help our local corncrakes firstly by mowing in a manner that lets the young birds and adults stay in the long grass and escape to the field margins and uncut areas where they will be safe from the mowers – it’s called Corncrake Friendly Mowing.
‘Corncrakes and their chicks are in the hay and silage fields from late May until well into September so mowing in this way is extremely valuable all through the season.
‘If you can delay mowing until at least August it gives the corncrakes a chance to hatch their eggs and rear their young safely, in readiness for their long migration back to Africa.’
The Corncrake Calling project provides funding to compensate crofters and farmers for delaying mowing and, if this is not an option, then Corncrake Friendly Mowing – which is mowing from the centre outwards, is also funded.
‘Whenever you mow, this method can make the difference between life and death for corncrakes as well as lots of other wildlife,’ added Janette Sutherland of SAC Consulting Portree. | <urn:uuid:80e088a0-c048-4ccf-ab2c-96d24b47a9f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.obantimes.co.uk/2021/07/09/every-corncrake-counts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.950534 | 487 | 1.859375 | 2 |
What is a Stroke?
A stroke is a medical condition that causes damage to the brain. Stroke is a term doctors use when part of the brain is damaged because of a problem with blood flow.
There are two types of strokes: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic strokes are caused by blockages in the blood vessels that reduce or limit blood supply to areas of the brain. This happens when an artery going to the brain gets clogged or closes off which results in damage to part of the brain that went without blood for too long. Ischemic strokes account for 87% of all strokes.
A hemorrhagic stroke is damage caused to the brain due to ruptured blood vessels. This happens when an artery in the brain breaks open and starts bleeding into or around the brain. Hemorrhagic strokes are less common and account for 13 % of all strokes.
Reduced blood flow causes brain damage. Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are considered medical emergencies.
Strokes are caused by a variety of factors such as genetic and environmental factors. Some of these factors are modifiable which means you can control the ability to reduce risks.
Modifiable risk factors are factors you can personally modify in order to reduce your risk of developing a stroke. Some modifiable risk factors include:
- Take prescription medications as prescribed
- Eat a low fat, healthy diet
- Quit smoking if you smoke
- Maintain a healthy BMI
- Reducing high blood pressure by taking hypertension medications, eating healthy and staying physically active.
Non-modifiable risk factors are factors that you have no control over and cannot change. Non- modifiable risk factors include:
- Race and Ethnicity
These are all modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
Related: What Causes High Blood Pressure?
Signs and symptoms of a stroke are common and consistent between men and women. Symptoms of a stroke usually come on fast and without warning.
There is an easy way to remember the signs of a stroke. The acronym “FAST” is used to point out symptoms of a stroke quickly and easily. Each letter in the word FAST stands for one of the things you should watch for:
- Face: Does the person’s face look uneven?
- Arm: Does the person have weakness or numbness/tingling in one or both arms? Does one arm drift downward if the person tries to hold out both arms?
- Speech: Does the person have trouble speaking, slow-paced speaking, garbled or unclear speech?
- Time: If you notice the above changes in the person, these are signs of a stroke and is a medical emergency. Remember to act FAST because time lost is brain tissue lost. The sooner treatment begins the better the chances of recovery and positive outcomes.
Some experts add âBEâ in front of FAST making the acronym âBE-FASTâ which suggests the need to act quickly as well as other signs of a stroke such as balance and vision changes.
- Balance: Does the person have difficulty standing or walking?
- Eyes: Does the person have vision changes such as blurry, doubled or loss of vision?
BE-FAST can be applied to both men and women as a tool to identify stroke symptoms and the need for quick diagnosis and treatment.
Strokes can be diagnosed by completing diagnostic tests. The most common diagnostic test used to identify a hemorrhagic stroke is a CT scan, while the most common diagnostic test used to identify ischemic stroke is an MRI.
Oftentimes, doctors will know the patient is having a stroke based on physical symptoms, but these diagnostic tests confirm areas and involvements of each stroke.
The right treatment depends on which stroke type you are having and how quickly you sought out treatment. In order to figure out which type of stroke you are having, you should get to the nearest hospital very quickly.
Ischemic stroke treatment includes:
- Getting treatments to help reopen clogged arteries such as a thrombectomy.
- Take medicine that can dissolve the blood clot within minutes to hours.
- Taking medication to prevent future blood clots from forming which can prevent future strokes.
- Identifying the underlying cause and treating that cause such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure.
Hemorrhagic stroke treatment includes:
- Getting treatments that may reduce pressure in the brain such as a craniotomy.
- Discontinue taking medications that may cause bleeding to continue.
- Have surgery to treat the blood vessel and prevent future bleeding (this is not always possible).
Immediate medical treatment once symptoms of a stroke are identified is the main treatment for a stroke. Strokes are considered medical emergencies and can have a negative impact on peopleâs health and well-being.
Effects of a Stroke
The aftermath of strokes can affect a personâs daily living, overall wellbeing, as well as the lives of loved ones around them. The effects of a stroke depend on many things including:
- Determining which part of the brain is affected. Some areas affect speech, swallowing, body movement and cognition more than other parts.
- How large the stroke is which determines how much damage has been done.
- How quickly the stroke was treated.
Some people are more affected than others. Some people who have a stroke have no lasting effects, while others are left paralyzed and unable to speak. After a stroke, the effects are not known for a few months. Sometimes, long term effects of a stroke will last a lifetime, while other times, stroke symptoms get better over time.
According to the American Stroke Association, strokes are one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Stroke prevention is key to preventing stroke disability and death in the United States.
PlushCare cannot treat a stroke or stroke symptoms. If you have a life-threatening injury or illness, such as stroke symptoms, major injuries, and serious allergic reactions, then you need to go to the emergency room (ER).
For virtual primary care visits, book an appointment with an online doctor at PlushCare today. | <urn:uuid:48a6fc92-5f6c-4c00-bd9d-65584226b1c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plushcare.com/blog/stroke-symptoms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947982 | 1,305 | 3.71875 | 4 |
LDPE - Low Density Polyethylene
The LDPE grade range from INEOS Olefins & Polymers varies from standard homopolymers to EBA (Ethylene Butyl Acrylate) and EMAA (Ethylene-MethAcrylic-Acid) copolymers and ionomers. MFR range from 0,3 to 22 g/10min. These materials are used in a wide selection of applications, including:
o Stretch hoods
o Collation shrinkwrap
o Lamination film
o Consumer packaging
o Injection molding
LDPE is made in Cologne, Germany and Bamble, Norway using autoclave technology. These materials (particularly the low melt index grades) show better toughness, higher sealing and tensile strength in shrink film than similar LDPE grades from tubular plants. | <urn:uuid:edbce0a4-783c-4a7c-9544-1e9bffa2227c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.biesterfeld.com/en/ch/product/ineos-ldpe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.715991 | 289 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Calling for action to facilitate the growth of international trade across borders, the UAE Minister of Economy, Sultan bin Saeed Al Mansouri, on Monday opened the Global Trade Development Week at Jumeirah Emirates Towers in Dubai. The three-day event brings together 600 influential business and government leaders from over 90 countries to discuss how to tackle today’s most challenging trade and development issues.
“The Global Trade Development Week has grown to be a major international forum committed to increasing knowledge, capabilities and dialogue between government and private sector trade leaders. We here in the UAE are proud to have been part of the growth of this commendable event,” Al Mansouri said.
Speaking on the potential of the global trading system, the minister called for the removal of barriers to trade. The minister also used his speech to reflect on the UAE’s continuing economic success. “The UAE’s sound economic infrastructure and business-friendly environment make our country an ideal partner for the world commercial interests. Our trade and investments are spread out and well distributed as we interact with 220 markets worldwide. This has given the UAE considerable economic resilience, helped minimise the impact of regional instability on our economy, and enabled us to continue with the development of our country,” he said.
Al Mansouri added: “The macroeconomic outlook is positive. Economic growth is expected at 4.8 per cent in 2014 and about 4.5 per cent in coming years, supported by a number of mega projects announced over the past 18 months and the successful bid for the World Expo 2020. The GDP in 2013 was $402 billion. The value of foreign direct investments stock in the UAE by the end of 2013 reached $105.5 billion, while the value of UAE investments abroad by the end of 2013 amounted to $63 billion.” | <urn:uuid:6bca87f4-7198-4053-8443-6c3eaf214ff8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aviamost.ae/en/al-mansouri-opens-major-three-day-trade-event | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.939072 | 372 | 1.578125 | 2 |
This dictionary, in contrast to other crossword puzzle dictionaries, is for the most part a one word, one definition dictionary. Herein are found the words that one is most likely to encounter in solving crossword puzzles. These are also the words that many people are not familiar with. Unless one wants to own a very large dictionary there is no reason to pore over and carry around a large unwieldy book. Most of the words in an average puzzle can be solved without the use of any dictionary, it is the unfamiliar ones that give trouble. Here we have a small easily carried, easily handled booklet which, at the same time, contains the most often used but least familiar words that the puzzle solver will encounter. The author is pleased to present this little volume as a convenient much needed addition to the world of crossword puzzle fans…And especially to beginners. | <urn:uuid:253d7146-ad87-49f8-99f9-75494925d4d1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.scribd.com/book/76773019/BEGINNER-S-CROSSWORD-PUZZLE-DICTIONARY | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00230-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962468 | 176 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Fentanyl powder is a powerful synthetic opioid analgesic that is similar to morphine but is 50 to 100 times more potent.1,2 It is a schedule II prescription drug,3 and it is typically used to treat patients with severe pain or to manage pain after surgery.4 It is also sometimes used to treat patients with chronic pain who are physically tolerant to other opioids.5 In its prescription form, fentanyl is known by such names as Actiq, Duragesic, and Sublimaze.5,6 Street names for fentanyl or for fentanyl-laced heroin include Apache, China Girl, China White, Dance Fever, Friend, Goodfella, Jackpot, Murder 8, TNT, and Tango and Cash.
How do people use fentanyl?
When prescribed by a physician, fentanyl is often administered via injection, transdermal patch, or in lozenges.6 However, the fentanyl and fentanyl analogs associated with recent overdoses are produced in clandestine laboratories.7 This non-pharmaceutical fentanyl is sold in the following forms: as a powder; spiked on blotter paper; mixed with or substituted for heroin; or as tablets that mimic other, less potent opioids.8 People can swallow, snort, or inject fentanyl, or they can put blotter paper in their mouths so that fentanyl is absorbed through the mucous membrane.
How does fentanyl affect the brain?
Like heroin, morphine, and other opioid drugs, fentanyl works by binding to the body’s opioid receptors, which are found in areas of the brain that control pain and emotions.9 When opioid drugs bind to these receptors, they can drive up dopamine levels in the brain’s reward areas, producing a state of euphoria and relaxation.9 Fentanyl’s effects resemble those of heroin and include euphoria, drowsiness, nausea, confusion, constipation, sedation, tolerance, addiction, respiratory depression and arrest, unconsciousness, coma, and death.
|Molecular weight||336.471 g/mol|
|Biological half-life||10–20 mins T1/2, 2–4 hours T1/2 ɣ|
Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opioid analgesic that is similar to morphine but is 50 to 100 times more potent.1,2 It is a schedule II prescription drug,3 and it is typically used to treat patients with severe pain or to manage pain after surgery.4
Ready to be shipped 24h after the payment. | <urn:uuid:853fbba1-6bad-4225-b68f-046e069a4830> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.acutepharma.com/product/buy-furanyl-fentanyl-125-hcl-eu-powder-price-is-each-per-gram/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.89505 | 596 | 2.578125 | 3 |
It is a common myth among people that retirement planning involves some number crunching. However to the contrary planning for the golden years of life is easy and all it takes is a little planning. Today numerous players in the market provide a comprehensive range of retirement planning services. A little research and proactive approach can work wonders for those looking to build a comfortable retirement nest.
In the section below a retirement planning advisor discusses the various factors that affect the retirement planning-
Age - An early retirement would mean that the number of retirement years would be longer. This in turn would mean more expenses. Therefore, it is important to consider the tentative age for retirement wisely as this would directly affect the retirement income of an individual.
Asset allocation - The sooner an individual starts to plan for a retirement the more time he/she has for investing in instruments that provide better results in the longer run. However, this does not imply that an individual should abstain from aggressive investments. A good asset allocation strategy helps in building a sound retirement nest without the risk of outliving the income. The retirement planning services offered by a professional provides assistance for making a sound strategy involving proper asset allocation.
Inflation - Inflation is another factor that influences the retirement nest. This is because the inflation affects the expenses incurred by an individual. It is quite natural to sustain the same lifestyle even after retirement but the rates of inflation would not remain constant until then. This would mean that things will be costlier and eat in to the retirement savings.
Sources of Income - The sources of income for a person necessarily does not mean the salary he/she gets from his/her job. There may be alternative sources of income that may include pensions, social security, IRAs, personal savings, 401(k). Many people also work in various part time positions in order to earn an extra income.
Expenses - One of the major considerations while saving for a tentative retirement fund is that of expenses. Most retirement programs or calculators have generalized the common expenses that an individual bear. These include include mortgage, insurance premiums, taxes, medical expenses, living expenses, travel, entertainment, education, home improvement or even a dream of starting a new venture.
Retirement Planning Professional talks about Services | <urn:uuid:89a9d678-e6ec-4d9c-a09a-629c25a87364> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://copytaste.com/m879 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00466-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956011 | 451 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Therapies for acne scarring are thought-about a sort of beauty surgical procedure, which isn’t usually accessible on the NHS. Ensure it sees you in the best possible gentle with a custom-made facial carried out by a licensed and licensed pores and skincare professional that may help you purchase and keep a pure, wholesome glow. Benzoyl peroxide merchandise are great at preventing pimples, but will probably be drying to your skin, so use them once a day at most. Individuals who develop nodules and cysts are often considered to have a additional severe sort of acne.
As new cells transfer upward, they become flattened squamous cells, where a skin cancer known as squamous cell carcinoma can occur. The plugged follicle can develop into infected and have elevated growth of standard pores and pores and skin micro organism, Propionibacterium acnes. I wish to suggest my victims to begin incorporating anti-getting older pores and skin care merchandise in their 20s and 30s, when our pores and skin slowly begins to lose collagen,†says Y. Claire Chang , a board-licensed cosmetic dermatologist at Union Sq. Laser Dermatology in New York Metropolis.
eight.02 Ichthyosis, with intensive pores and pores and skin lesions that persist for on the very least three months regardless of persevering with treatment as prescribed. Nonetheless, individuals should take great care when utilizing an exfoliant to do that, as these merchandise can merely damage or irritate the pores and pores and skin. Journal of Getting old Science, Alzheimers Illness Journal, Anaplastology Journal, Utilized Rehabilitation Psychology Journal, Gerontology Journal, Palliative Care Journal, Scientific Interventions in Growing old, Experimental Ageing Evaluation, Journal of Rising older Studies, Journal of Growing older and Bodily Activity, Science of getting outdated knowledge surroundings electronic helpful useful resource : SAGE KE.
The coronavirus family are a bunch of airborne viruses that are transmitted in the same method to the flu. eight.04 Continual infections of the pores and pores and skin or mucous membranes, with in depth fungating or in depth ulcerating pores and skin lesions that persist for at the least three months despite persevering with remedy as prescribed. On the similar time, I simply bought a discipline of 10 masks from our native Costco in the middle of the California wildfire season. Nevertheless in East Asia, the act of sporting a masks is a gesture that communicates solidarity all through an epidemic — a time when a neighborhood is weak to being divided by fear, between the wholesome and the sick.
Giving pores and pores and skin its coloration: The dermis makes melanin, which is what supplies your pores and skin its shade (discover out extra about this in). The masks are also continuously changed – surgical masks aren’t designed to be used higher than once. Steer clear of picking or squeezing pimples and blackheads – this might improve the risk of infection and scarring. The guide of Revelation is historically said to be written by John. Midnight Restoration Focus from Kiehl’s is a cult product, however you could not know they also make a watch fixed cream that features comparable soothing and hydrating parts. | <urn:uuid:7797284c-6acc-4d51-b030-1f448d4cab96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://angelsinstardust.com/beauty-fundamentals-explained.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.937471 | 672 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Work on dorm under way at Edgewood school for deaf
Kai Miller, 15, knows the ins and outs of her school well enough to be a tour guide.
The sophomore, who is hard-of-hearing, has been a student at the Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf in Edgewood since 2010, the Lackawanna County resident said in sign language interpreted by Joan Stone, coordinator of interpreting services.
She and other students who stay in a campus dorm from Sunday evenings to Friday afternoons will move into the school's new $9.3 million dorm in September.
“I love the old dorm. I have great memories, but I'm also excited about being in a place that has everything new,” Kim signed.
The dorm, which is under construction, will be part of the school's efforts to integrate technology into learning and living on the campus, said Vicki Cherney, spokeswoman for the 144-year-old school.
The Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf is one of five schools for the deaf in Pennsylvania, according to the state Department of Education. Students attend at no cost to their families. Tuition is split between the state, which pays 60 percent, and the students' home school districts.
The new dorm will be paid for with private donations, including grants from foundations and individuals, school Chief Executive Officer Donald Rhoten said.
In the new co-ed dorm, boys will be on the first floor and girls will be on the second.
The building is needed because the old boys' dorm was built in the 1960s as a classroom facility and didn't allow for privacy, Rhoten said. It was neither technologically friendly nor energy efficient, he said.
The dorm was demolished in June.
The girls' dorm is in a building that houses a dining room, a preschool education program and a health center. Once the girls move into the new dorm, their old space will be used for administrative offices, Rhoten said.
While the new dorm is being constructed, boys are staying in the girls' dorm.
Students will have their own bedrooms in the new building, and will be clustered in groups of six to eight, Rhoten said. Students in each of the six clustered areas, or living suites, will share bathrooms, kitchens and study areas, he said.
The dorm will be more “deaf-friendly” because there will be more visual access to other students, Kai said.
The dorm will have a high level of connectivity for electronic communication, including wiring for video phones, Cherney said.
Technology is playing a larger role in how children with hearing loss learn, she said, but it has contributed to enrollment declines at the school.
In fact, the growing popularity of cochlear implants — electronic devices that can provide a sense of sound to people who are profoundly deaf or severely hard-of-hearing — has led to lower enrollment nationwide at schools for the deaf as more students enroll in their home districts, experts said.
More than 30 percent of WPSD's students have cochlear implants; 52 percent use hearing aids, the school said.
WPSD's enrollment hit a high of more than 500 students in the 1960s. Its enrollment declined for decades as more students were educated among their non-disabled peers, Cherney said.
Enrollment in WPSD has grown in recent years because the school added programs across the state, such as the 2009 opening of The Scranton School for Deaf & Hard of Hearing Children, a residential school that educates mostly preschool through eighth-grade students.
Of the more than 325 children — from birth to 12th grade — participating in the school's programs statewide, 170 are at the main campus in Edgewood and 40 percent of those students stay on campus.
One of those children is kindergartner Elisha Querry, 6, who is hard-of-hearing, according to his mother, Deb Querry of Cassville, Huntingdon County. This is Elisha's second year staying in the dorm on the Edgewood campus, she said.
Elisha, who wears hearing aids, has made tremendous strides in communicating using sign language, as well as with retaining information, compared with his progress when he was in a classroom with hearing children at the Tuscarora Intermediate Unit in McVeytown, his mother said.
“It took him a little while (to adjust to being away from home), but he loves the school,” she said.
Tory N. Parrish is a staff writer for Trib Total Media. She can be reached at 412-380-5662 or firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:e7e951f0-f759-4e03-8cc3-312e6267042b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://triblive.com/neighborhoods/alleghenyneighborhoods/alleghenyneighborhoodsmore/4779645-74/dorm-deaf-students | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00112-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977357 | 978 | 1.625 | 2 |
Today read Judges 21, Ezekiel 10, and Acts 27. This devotional is about Judges 21.
This chapter continues a brutal story that began in Judges 19. In that chapter, a Levite and his concubine were traveling home late at night. Although it would have been easier to reach one of the Gentile cities on their journey, they went to a city called Gibeah, which was inhabited by families from the tribe of Benjamin. The text does not say so exactly, but the expectation is that they would be safer in Gibeah because their brothers from another tribe would welcome and care for them.
That is not what happened, to put it mildly.
Although one old man took the family into his home, the Benjaminites in Gibeah decided to impersonate the men of Sodom and demanded that the Levite be turned over to them to be abused sexually. The Levite handed over his concubine instead and they raped and killed her. The Levite took her dead body, cut it into twelve pieces, and sent one body part to each tribe in Israel. That was Judges 19.
In Judges 20 the leaders of Israel’s tribe responded to the Levite and demanded that the rest of the Benjamites hand over the men of Gibeah for some rough justice. The Benjamites refused and civil war began–11 tribes against Benjamin. After some initial success, the Benjamites were soundly defeated by the rest of Israel who killed many of them and burned every town they came across. The author of Judges was coy when he wrote that they “put all the towns to the sword, including the animals and everything else they found.” The “everything else they found” was the women and children in these towns–a brutal overreaction that was similar in immorality to the way the concubine was killed in Judges 19 which stared this whole mess, but this brutality was done at a much larger scale.
Now, here in Judges 21, we read that those who turned out to fight then took an oath not to give their daughters in marriage to any Benjamites (v. 1). Then they realized what a stupid move that was. Since they had killed all the women and children, the Benjamites who survived the war would not be able to reproduce, so the whole tribe of Benjamin might be extinguished (v. 2, 6-7).
Eventually they came up with a solution: Nobody from Jabesh Gilead had showed up to fight, so they killed all the men and women of that town and handed over their virgin daughters to the Benjamites (vv. 7-14). That act of brutality provided some wives to the Benjamites, but didn’t provide enough women for everyone. So, the Israelites told the men of Benjamin kidnap the girls of Shiloh and forcibly marry them (vv. 18-23). They reasoned that, if the girls were kidnaped rather than given in marriage, their fathers weren’t technically guilty of breaking their oath.
Verse 25 ends the book of Judges with these words: “In those days Israel had no king; everyone did as they saw fit.” What we are to conclude, then, from this awful story is that people need wise, godly leadership.
When people do what seems right in their eyes, they do wretched things to each other: overreact in their attempts for justice, make wicked, rash vows, then rationalize immoral ways to solve the problems they have created. A wise leader, however, can save people from these wicked abuses.Tweet
Saul, David, Solomon, and the other kings of Israel and Judah did some wicked, unwise things themselves. However, they routinely showed better leadership than what we’ve read about in here in Judges.
But the only king who can truly lead perfectly and judge wisely is the Lord Jesus Christ himself. While we should seek wise solutions to our problems with each other and we should seek good, righteous leaders, we should never fall too much in love with any one leader because they will fail.
The failure of leadership and government in this world should not surprise us. It should cause us to long for the kingdom of God where Jesus will rule and judge in righteousness. Let the bad decisions of leaders in this world and the foolish outcomes that men come up with lead you to pray, “Your kingdom come!” When God’s kingdom comes in the person of King Jesus, then human society will finally function and flourish like we want it to and God created it to. | <urn:uuid:0a90b163-2d04-40e3-84db-a85973e10697> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailypbj.com/tag/judges-21/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.981335 | 941 | 3.25 | 3 |
Wreckage of the Lockheed Neptune plane is still strewn across the canyon, just east of Irvine. Seven Navy crewmen were killed, 29 children were orphaned and seven wives were widowed.
Susan Walley Schlesman was taken to the site by Pat Macha, a retired history teacher in Orange County, who created Project Remembrance, an all-volunteer effort that helps families find crash sites and memorialize their loved ones.
"Inside this container are pictures and a remembrance of him, the way we remember him, as a Navy man who served his country and a family man who loved his family," Walley Schlesman said of her father at the site.
This is the third family Macha and the Project Remembrance team have escorted to the crash site. | <urn:uuid:96150408-4d36-4887-af4e-66acb511c023> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://abc7.com/archive/8679893/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00512-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9827 | 161 | 2.4375 | 2 |
1 tablet. It contains 167 mg of ranitidine corresponding to 150 mg of ranitidine.
The drug is present in the form of tablets intended for oral use. It works on the basis of ranitidine hydrochloride, which belongs to the competence of the H1 histamine receptor antagonists. It is responsible for stopping the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach (basic and stimulated eg. Histamine). The active substance helps to curb production of pepsin and slightly reduces the volume of gastric juice. After administration of ranitidine with peak plasma levels after about 1,25-3 hours.
- Hypersensitivity to the ingredients
- hepatic cirrhosis with portal hypertension
It is recommended to use the drug in case of stomach problems in the form of indigestion, heartburn, hyperacidity, epigastric pain, but only if they are not associated with disease organic gastrointestinal tract.
For oral use. Take one tabl./24h during or after food ingestion. It is not recommended to use a dose higher than 2 tabl./24h (in Table 1. In the morning and evening). | <urn:uuid:713eedb3-37d9-4e5c-8c94-d7ce81aca0a1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://elivera.co.uk/products/raniberl-max-x-20-tablets-acid-reflux-treatment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00188-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.8876 | 235 | 1.796875 | 2 |
One of the most striking things about this report [in the Washington Post] is the extent to which the entire torture process was driven by healthcare professionals. The account makes clear that contract psychologists Mitchell, his partner John “Bruce” Jessen, and CIA psychologist R. Scott Schumate played a vital role in the entire process. It also makes clear that, contrary to the official Bush White House account, under which they were responding to pleas from the ground to “take the gloves off,” in fact the struggle was consistently between handlers who wanted to stop or limit the rough stuff, and unidentified people in the pinnacles of power in Washington whose appetite for brutality could apparently never be sated. Who was calling the shots? The story tells us that the approvals came from “downtown,” agency jargon for the White House. And there’s another giveaway:
“Headquarters was sending daily harangues, cables, e-mails insisting that waterboarding continue for 30 days because another attack was believed to be imminent,” the former official said. “Headquarters said it would be on the team’s back if an attack happened. They said to the interrogation team, ‘You’ve lost your spine.’ “
And who was talking to “headquarters” and pressing them? If you’ve read Jack Goldsmith’s book The Terror Presidency, this cajoling and threatening will sound familiar. In his book, the man consistently on the delivering end was David Addington [Counsel to Vice President Richard Bruce Cheney].
And as Horton points out in another post, the American Psychological Association tried to provide the “health care professionals” with a Nuremberg defense of their own:
As the Bush Administration introduced its torture program in 2002, the APA modified Section 1.02 of its ethics rules, to state that in the event of conflict between ethics standards and law as interpreted by government organs like the Department of Defense or CIA, psychologists are free to disregard the requirements of applicable ethics guidelines and “may adhere to the requirements of the law, regulations, or other governing legal authority.” This provision was curiously passed just as psychologists undertook their key role in the torture program. And it dovetails perfectly with a scheme introduced by Defense Secretary Rumsfeld to undercut the ethics standards of lawyers, doctors, and other healthcare professionals by binding them strictly to the laws and regulations as definitively interpreted by him as Secretary of Defense (DOD Policy Directive 3115.09). It is a full-throated repudiation of the rule fashioned at Nuremberg under which individuals involved in the torture or abuse of prisoners are not entitled to rely on a defense of superior orders. The APA was saying that Donald Rumsfeld and Dick Cheney were free to suspend the organization’s ethics rules whenever they chose to do so. [italics are Spot’s]
If somebody tries to suspend the laws of war, it that a war crime Spotty?
We’ll have to stay tuned for that, grasshopper. | <urn:uuid:a7504174-99ca-4004-80f1-82a40f7da55a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thecuckingstool.blogspot.com/2009/07/sating-appetite-for-brutality.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00330-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971131 | 640 | 1.59375 | 2 |
This diagram shows the positions of the 15 players on a team when the forwards are packing down for a scrum, and during a line-out. The outside backs – the centre and two wings – are known as the three-quarters, so in New Zealand the two inside backs were called the five-eighths because they were between the halfback and the three-quarters. Elsewhere they are called the fly half and the inside centre. The open-side flanker is always positioned on the same side as the majority of the backs.
Te whakamahi i tēnei tūemi
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 New Zealand Licence
Source: New Zealand Rugby | <urn:uuid:45df463d-7b39-4403-8537-a915a4df9893> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://teara.govt.nz/mi/comment/159229 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.973747 | 150 | 3.375 | 3 |
Tried to post this to Myrna Laret in Serinam, but it was returned.
>>Egyptian Lentil Soup. (Egyptians call this sorbet)
>>2 c. orange dry lentils
>>1 large onion
>>1 or 2 carrots
>>10 cloves of garlic
>>6 cups of stock or water
>>1/3 cup brown rice (optional)
>>Pour 2 cups of orange lentils into a large bowl or plastic dish and cover
them with hot water from your tap at least a phalanx (which is your term I
think). cover at least 2 inches. Let this soak for around 30 min.
>>Now take one onion and chop it up. (I usually throw mine into a processer.)
>>Put the onion into a large cooking pan, add 1 1/2c. water, place on stove,
(I have gas) bring to a boil and cover with lid.
>>While the onions are getting soft (they will need all of your attention in
a few minutes) peel one carrot, chop it up and set it aside. Peel and chop
cloves of garlic and set aside (if you don't like this much you can use 4
but 10 is really good.
>>Check on the onions. If the water is almost gone remove the lid and begin
to watch them, stirring. Just before the water is gone turn the flame down a
little (I hope that you have gas, it is so much more exact) and stir so that
the onions don't burn but continue to brown. The object is to let them begin
to become golden and kind of carmelize. When they have become a nice golden
brown as you continue stirring add some water. (Sometimes if I am using this
technique with the onions I pour a little dry vermouth on the onions at this
>>point to deglaze, but you can use water also. Use just enough to keep the
onions from sticking to the pan and burning. Turn off flame.
>>Now to prepare the lentils: rub the lentils in the bowl of water with your
hands to help remove any extra husks. Then slowly tilt your bowl and pour
out the water holding the lentils back in the bowl. When the water is gone
add new water from the tap and drain again maybe a few more times or until
the water is clear. The lentil preparation can be done earlier or as soon as
you cover the lid for the onions to start cooking. You will learn your
timing for this by doing it once.
>>Add drained lentils to the pan of sauteed onions. Add also the carrots,
garlic, optional brown rice and 6 cups of water or stock.
>>Bring this liquid onion, carrot, garlic, lentil mixture to a boil and skim
off the foam, then reduce to a simmer covered. Simmer for around 45 minutes.
Just before the end put in around 1 tsp. salt, or (adjust to your own needs).
>>I let this cool for maybe 10 min. and then put all except maybe one cup in
my blender, because I like the puree and also a little texture.
>>When serving use powdered cumin with some salt mixed in it. Sprinkle this
on top of the bowls of soup.
>>Optional: sometimes I use a stock or two of cut up celery and some dry
sage, but then it is no longer an Egyptian Lentil soup > | <urn:uuid:d3097df1-9019-42b9-abcf-262996c6be50> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fatfree.com/archive/1998/may/msg00189.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00182-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920777 | 733 | 1.8125 | 2 |
At Bath Iron Works we are committed to providing a safe and healthy workplace while protecting the environment. This includes recognizing and actively preventing workplace hazards and pollution. In this competitive atmosphere BIW aggressively strives for continuous improvement, not only in the spectacular surface combatants our employees design and build for the United States Navy, but in the ways and means by which we protect ourselves and the environment we hold so dear. We accept these responsibilities to our employees, community, and our place along the shores of the Kennebec River with great pride.
We are committed to ensure that we provide our workforce and the environment with the best protections available by complying with State and Federal regulations. We have a dedicated staff to ensure all employees possess an understanding of regulatory requirements as they pertain to shipbuilding and environmental protection. Programs reflect the requirements under applicable regulations and are periodically reviewed to ensure we remain compliant with the law in word and in practice while improving performance in an effort to reduce injuries and prevent pollution.
For more information, contact:
BIW Environmental, Health & Safety Dept: 207.442.1635
Safety Notice - BIW's Distracted Driving Policy - Changes effective 4/2/12 - All BIW and Non-BIW personnel
Safety Talk - Distracted Driving - Policy Review
Bath Iron Works is committed to minimization and avoidance of emissions and waste. BIW has incorporated pollution prevention measures into its everyday business practices.
BIW has pledged to operate in a 'Compliance-Plus' manner while fully complying with federal, state and local environmental laws. BIW is committed to go beyond those laws when it makes good business sense.
BIW has always been a leader in pollution prevention. We started in the 1930s by establishing a metal recycling program, rare at the time. In the early 1990’s, BIW took great strides to reduce paper usage, and over the past decade BIW has implemented several recycling programs to achieve nearly an 80% recycling rate over the past year. Now we constantly apply cutting edge technology to solve problems. BIW makes every reasonable effort to prevent pollution, and we are currently utilizing product substitution, technology improvements, and best management practices to continually improve processes and reduce our environmental footprint.
Health & Safety at Bath Iron Works
At Bath Iron Works, we value the safety and health of all of our employees. For this reason, we have made it our goal that every employee leaves the shipyard each day in the same condition that they arrived.
In order to eliminate workplace hazards, BIW complies with all health and safety laws, regulations, and other commitments. We also take an active role in safety and health by educating and involving our employees, monitoring our performance, and always seeking opportunities to improve.
Ergonomics at Bath Iron Works
Ergonomics (the science of designing the workplace to fit the worker) is an important aspect of BIW’s EHS program. Addressing ergonomic risk factors in a shipyard is a complex and challenging task. BIW is proactively addressing ergonomic issues by integrating the ergonomics program into our EHS Management System and engaging the workforce through a Joint Union-Management Ergonomics Committees.
Some of the recent Ergonomic Committee initiatives include:
- Vibratory Tools – Shipbuilding requires a high use of vibratory tools. By implementing tools that vibrate less, perform better, and are repaired to manufacturer specifications, we are reducing the risk of injury and improving the workplace conditions.
- Training – Employee awareness and skill training focuses on the recognition and identification of ergonomics risks and solutions to mitigate the risks.
- Ergo Cup Competition - To improve our ergonomics culture and encourage employees to identify and solve ergonomic issues, we recently initiated an Ergo Cup Competition. The goal of this competition is to recognize and encourage the development of innovative ergonomic solutions at BIW.
- Communication – Frequent and regular communication is critical to engaging the workplace. Several forms of communication are used including: quarterly meetings with senior leadership and management, Ergonomic Talks issued to all employees of the shipyard, bulletins, and posters.
Our Efforts Are Noticed
Over the past decade, Bath Iron Works has received accolades for our efforts to make a difference. These awards include:
Governor's Environmental Award
We've won this award six times since the year 2000. BIW was awarded the Governor’s Award for Environmental Excellence for achieving goals, most recently greenhouse gas, solid waste, and paper use reductions.
Environmental, Health & Safety Goals
At BIW, we view compliance with Federal and State regulations related to Environmental, Health & Safety to be a minimum goal. We aim to go beyond just compliance wherever possible and where it makes good business sense. Each year EHS reviews the prior year's performance and sets goals for improvement for the following year.
Close Cooperation With Regulatory Bodies
BIW's Environmental, Health & Safety policy states that we will comply with EHS regulations and continuously improve our processes to reduce injuries, illness, and prevent pollution. Part of our strategy for achieving these commitments is to work with regulatory agencies in a variety of ways to improve environmental, health & safety performance. BIW believes that working with regulatory agencies can remove communication barriers so that breakthrough performance can be achieved.
We Partner With The Community
BIW's workers live in local communities and personally care about what we do to protect the environment. We believe in sharing information related to protecting the environment and promoting worker safety and health. Our educational outreach includes presentations at professional conferences, university course instruction, and benchmarking with other shipyards.
BIW has worked with other businesses in the state to help resolve environmental, health and safety issues. EHS Engineers have spent time in local classrooms, talking to students about the environmental health and safety field, careers, and the issues we face.
Each year BIW celebrates the environment on Earth Day to highlight environmental awareness in our employees, families and community. BIW holds an Earth Day Poster contest where school-aged relatives of employees can submit Earth Day-themed posters. Prizes are awarded to the winners in three different age groups. Our 2014 contest just concluded. Take a look at the great entries for grades K-3, 4-7, and 8-12.
Ongoing Outreach: Environmental Bulletin
We publish an occasional e-mail bulletin for the community on environmental progress at BIW. It will help keep you informed of events and environmental activities of interest that are happening here or within the community. If you'd like to receive a copy when it appears, please follow this link.
BIW is ISO 14001-certified and OHSAS 18001-compliant for its comprehensive Environmental, Health & Safety Management System (EHSMS). BIW was the first private shipyard in the United States to have its Environmental, Health & Safety Management System be registered to ISO 14001 and be certified complaint with OHSAS 18001 / BS 8800.
ISO 14001 is an internationally accredited standard for environmental protection systems administered by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The International Standards Organization sets voluntary standards and guidelines for manufacturing and engineering organizations to help promote quality products and protection of the local environment. ISO 14001 specifies a framework of control for an Environmental Management System against which an organization can be certified by a third party.
OHSAS 18001 and BS 8800 are international occupational health and safety management system specifications. Both are intended to establish auditable standards for implementing, maintaining, and continually improving a Health and Safety Management System.
Elements of BIW's EHSMS include an EHS policy, planning, operational controls, internal auditing, corrective action, continual improvement in EHS protection performance, and employee training and awareness. In order to maintain certification, the company is audited by a third party every six months to verify continued compliance with the standards, and audited every three years for re-certification. BIW successfully completed its second recertification in March 2010.
We want everyone who visits BIW to feel as safe as our own employees. Please remember that a large part of our working environment is an industrial facility where many different types of manufacturing processes take place.
When you visit, make sure that you arrive in proper attire:
- Shirts must have at least quarter-length sleeves
- Shoes must be sturdy all leather-upper shoes with a hard or thick sole (open toed shoes, high heels or exposed feet are not allowed)
- Full length pants are required (dresses are permitted when remaining in designated walkways)
- When needed, proper personal protective equipment such as hard hats, safety glasses, and hearing protection will be provided.
Remember to follow all safety instructions. We’ll be happy to answer any questions that you have in order to make your visit as safe and enjoyable as possible | <urn:uuid:e736a37e-9902-403a-a851-eb6aec281d0b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.gdbiw.com/node/52.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00303-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938986 | 1,816 | 1.726563 | 2 |
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Principal Ports file for 2015
The Principal Port file contains USACE port codes, geographic
locations(longitude, latitude), names, and commodity tonnage
summaries (total tons, domestic, foreign, imports and exports)
for Principal USACE Ports.
The ports are politically defined by port limits or Corps projects,
excluding non-Corps projects not authorized for publication.
The determination for the published Principal Ports is based
upon the total tonnage for the port for the particular year;
therefore the top 150 list can vary from year to year.
Source of Data
Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center, New Orleans, LA.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Navigation Data Center, Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center, New Orleans, LA.
Time Span of Data Source: 2015
Update Frequency: Annual
Data quality/accuracy: Excellent
File Size: 150 records; ports15.txt -14,313 bytes; ports15.xls -22,489 bytes
File Format: ASCII Comma Delimited and dBase
Maximum Characters per Record: 96
Media: CD, disk, tape, hardcopy
Contact for Additional Information:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center
PO BOX 61280
New Orleans, LA 70161-1280
Point of Contact:
WCSC (504) 862-1426 or (504) 862-1441 | <urn:uuid:d153a170-7473-4a60-92eb-9b636819efcd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.navigationdatacenter.us/data/datappor.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00163-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.72815 | 314 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Tue 15 Jul 2014
Filed under: Inside Burma,Naypyitaw,News
Most of the Facebook users who support the government’s policies are the propagandists with the fake identities and profiles. Those mouthpieces propagandize by commenting the government’s policies are right in the Facebook pages of news stations’.
The distinctive instance can be seen in the verdict of ten years imprisonment with hard work of the Unity Journal and its journalists. The news stations posted the news on their facebook pages. Some comments under those posts are influenced by propaganda.
“The Facebook users with the fake identities and fake profiles are assumed to be related with the government and authorities. They intend to hold the psychological warfare. The fake account users support the verdict of ten years imprisonment of the Unity journalists, lobbying the actions of the government and authorities. They show that is right,” a political feature writer Dr. Yan Myo Thein said.
He continued “On the other hand, the government also pointed that the social media users should control themselves in instigation and hate speech regarding with the Mandalay conflict. When the propagandists’ accounts are investigated, they are using fake accounts with wrong profiles.”
The public criticize that the verdict is fierce on the case of the Unity journalists. However, the mouthpiece Facebook users supported the government’s action was right. They even propagandized that the imprisonment years is less for the case.
“We watched the Facebook during the Mandalay conflict. The accounts which write about hate speech and instigation are not the users with true profiles. We think those accounts are created to spread instigations. We find out that some instigated accounts in Mandalay conflicts support the verdict of Unity journalists. They mislead the condition that the public is supporting the verdict. There are thousands of such mouthpiece accounts on the Facebook according to my investigation. Most of them are supporting the government’s policies,” said the online chief editor of the Eleven Media Group Zaw Ye Naung.
Most of those accounts are instigating and spreading hate speeches in racial and religious communal conflicts.
They write comments lobbying the government’s actions under the news posts of Eleven Media, 7 Day, Irrawaddy, BBC Burmese and other news pages.
The government is discussing with the Facebook Company to watch the propaganda, instigations and hate speech spreading accounts 24/7. However, 70% of such accounts are supporting the government. | <urn:uuid:98b01416-1feb-4200-ac7d-6b2f6fa9b2b5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.burmanet.org/news/2014/07/15/eleven-news-media-propagandists%E2%80%99-fake-accounts-on-facebook-support-government%E2%80%99s-policy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934173 | 514 | 1.554688 | 2 |
In the novel “Wuthering Heights” by Emily Bront, many relevant themes were portrayed. In this essay, I will be discussing the five most poignant themes, which in my opinion are “Good versus Evil”,”Revenge”, “Status & Education”,”Love” and “Selfishness”. I feel that all these themes are equally important, and in the following paragraphs, I will attempt to discuss their impact on the reader and to the novel as a whole. Emily Bront developed the main characters very vividly. From the beginning of the novel, I was aware of a sense of spirit, feelings and emotions.
As the novel unraveled, I began to emphasize with the nnocent victims (Hareton, Linton, Cathy, etc. ), and I had a clear vision of what was happening in the homes and between the two families. It was very clear to me why Heathcliff and Edgar became so hateful and vengeful; however, I felt very angry at the cycle of abuse and misery that continued through the generations. It seemed like nobody in either family was ever able to find peace and harmony, and everybody who ever had any ties to the families were affected and displayed certain attitudes and emotional afflictions.
I think the overall theme is that good eventually overcomes evil (or love is stronger than hate). In addition, with the emphasis on spirituality and death, the reader’s focus turns to the role of God in determining the happiness or misery of our eternal soul. It was very frustrating to read about the pain and abuse the characters were inflicting on each other, It was evident that the Pg. 2 prejudices and attitudes of the first generation were being passed down to the next. Young Cathy, Linton and Hareton were all subjected to and expected to conform to the anger, prejudices and attitudes of their families.
The animosity between the two families was being forced upon the children, and therefore could have continued orever. However, it was very enlightening when Cathy and Hareton were finally able to become friends and then marry. The love that had been repressed for so long, beginning with Catherine and Hareton, was finally given a chance to blossom. This turn of events gave me hope that good can overcome evil, and love can be attained even in the most evil environments. Revenge is the most dominant theme of the second half of the novel.
Heathcliff first believes that if he can avenge the death of Catherine, he will somehow grow closer to her. However, the exact opposite occurs. When Heathcliff gives up on his plan for revenge, he is soon reunited with Catherine in eternal bliss. Ignorance and Education were very prominent in the beginning of the book. Especially when Heathcliff was first introduced to the family. He was a poor orphan, with little or no education. The rest of the family at Wuthering Heights treated him like a second-class citizen.
Heathcliff was resented, mocked and abused if he attempted to improve himself in any way. When Heathcliff returned to Wuthering Heights, the abuse Heathcliff suffered obviously scarred him, so the cycle of abuse continued when he nflicted worse treatment on Hareton Earnshaw. He forced him to work in the home as a common servant, belittled him, and psychologically abused him by constantly badgering him. When the Linton’s are introduced to the reader, it is readily apparent that the family has a higher social status and is more educated than the residents at Wuthering Heights are.
Pg. 3 Even though I wouldn’t consider “Wuthering Heights” to be a romantic novel, love was a very important theme. Bront addresses the bond between Catherine and Heathcliff in a spiritual and supernatural manner. Their love is spiritual rather than physical, nd although they seemed to be soul mates their love was never appeased. As children, Catherine and Heathcliff had a bond that grew out of similar needs. They grew up protecting and trying to shelter each other from the abuse from Hindley, and consequently they developed an eternal friendship, love and affinity.
They were soul mates even as children. Bront expands the notion of eternal love, by creating a supernatural aspect in the story, and this is masterfully illustrated when Heathcliff contacts Catherine’s spirit after she dies. Their souls are eternally joined, and Heathcliff cannot live in this realm ithout her, only their souls joined together make one. Heathcliff eventually dies because he has to reunite his soul to Catherine’s. Selfishness was first introduced when Mr. Earnshaw brought Heathcliff, home to Wuthering Heights.
In the beginning, Heathcliff was treated equally as a member of the family, but after Mr. Earnshaw’s death, everybody abused him (except Catherine) in any manner or regard they wanted. As a result of this treatment, Heathcliff grew up to be the most selfish person in the family. He was hateful, spiteful and very vengeful. In addition, he lost respect and compassion for people, and completely isregarded others’ emotions and needs. He devastated Catherine when he disappeared, and shattered Isabella when he married her to spite Edgar.
When his only son Linton returned to Wuthering Heights, he withheld affection, medical attention and had no sympathy for Linton’s loss of his mother. Heathcliff then coerced young Cathy to marry Linton, therefore fulfilling his own greedy and vengeful agenda of acquiring Thrushcross Grange. At this end, he basically caused Linton’s death through neglect and malfeasance. Pg. 4 Catherine’s selfish character was depicted when she wanted both Edgar and Heathcliff at the same ime. Catherine wanted Edgar for his status and Heathcliff for his love.
Her selfishness caused years of grief for both Edgar and Heathcliff, and consequently she died forlorn and remiss of the true love that was destined to be hers. Overall, I felt that “Wuthering Heights” was an excellent novel, and was very well written. The themes Emily Bront introduced were well depicted, organized, established and resolved and/or analyzed. Emily Bront was a magnificent author, and her style, use of words and ideas make “Wuthering Heights” a true classic. I thoroughly enjoyed reading it, and would recommend it to anyone. | <urn:uuid:eb05089c-6908-4dcc-a61b-5fadbca70164> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://benjaminbarber.org/the-novel-wuthering-heights-by-emily-bronte/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.982717 | 1,357 | 3.28125 | 3 |
How was the Gettysburg Address a turning point in the war?
The battle also proved to be the turning point of the war: General Robert E. Lee’s defeat and retreat from Gettysburg marked the last Confederate invasion of Northern territory and the beginning of the Southern army’s ultimate decline.
What battle was the turning point of ww2?
Battle of Stalingrad
What were three outcomes of the Battle of Gettysburg Why is Gettysburg still remembered as a turning point in the war?
The collision of two great armies at Gettysburg put an end to that audacious plan. After three days of intense fighting, Lee was forced to withdraw and lead his badly battered army back through western Maryland and into Virginia. No major Confederate invasions of the North would be mounted after that point.
How many deaths at Battle of Gettysburg?
Between 46,000 and 51,000 soldiers from both armies were casualties in the three-day battle, the most costly in US history.
What did the Battle of Gettysburg lead to?
The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point in the Civil War, costing the Union 23,000 killed, wounded, or missing in action. The Confederates suffered some 25,000 casualties.
What would the world be like if the Confederates won?
The question of emancipation has broader global implications, including that slavery would not have ended in 1863. There’s no reason to think that if the Confederate States had won the war – not necessarily conquering the North, but at least fighting to a draw – they would have voluntarily given up slavery.
Could the Confederates have won?
The South could win the war either by gaining military victory of its own or simply by continuing to exist. For as long as one Confederate flag flew defiantly somewhere, the South was winning. As long as the word “Confederate” had genuine meaning, the South was winning.
Why didn’t the South win the Civil War?
The principal cause of Confederate failure was the fact that the South’s armies did not win enough victories in the field–especially enough victories in a row in the field–to both sustain Confederate morale behind the lines and depress Union morale behind the lines.
Did the South think they could win?
The South believed that it could win the war because it had its own advantages. Perhaps the two most important were its fighting spirit and its foreign relations. This made the South feel its men would simply fight better than the Northerners. The South felt that its foreign relations would help it win the war.
Did the South almost win the Civil War?
Early in the American Civil War, the Confederacy almost won. It was not the complete victory the Union eventually achieved. Rather than conquering their opponents, the Confederates hoped to force them to the negotiating table, where the division of the states could be accomplished.
Why did the union think they would win the Civil War?
The Union’s advantages as a large industrial power and its leaders’ political skills contributed to decisive wins on the battlefield and ultimately victory against the Confederates in the American Civil War. | <urn:uuid:2eddcbac-9fc1-42bf-8985-66789a0780b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rehabilitationrobotic.com/how-was-the-gettysburg-address-a-turning-point-in-the-war/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.977658 | 646 | 3.875 | 4 |
The official WrestleMania logo
|Nickname(s)||"The Grandest Stage of Them All"
"The Showcase of the Immortals"
"The Show of Shows"
"The Greatest Spectacle in Sports Entertainment"
|Created by||Vince McMahon|
|Brand(s)||Raw (2003–2011; 2017–present)
SmackDown (2003–2011; 2017–present)
|First event||WrestleMania I|
|Event gimmick||WWE's flagship event|
WrestleMania (also known informally as Mania) is a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and WWE Network event, produced annually between mid-March to early April by WWE, an American professional wrestling promotion based in Connecticut. WWE first produced the event in 1985 and has since produced 32 editions, with the thirty-third to be held in Orlando, Florida on April 2, 2017. WrestleMania, WWE's flagship event, is the most successful and longest-running professional wrestling event in history. It contributes to the worldwide commercial success of WWE through media, merchandise, and shows. WrestleMania was conceptualized by WWE owner Vince McMahon and long time WWE ring announcer and Hall of Famer Howard Finkel is credited with devising the name "WrestleMania" in 1984.
WrestleMania's widespread success helped transform professional wrestling. The event has facilitated the rise to stardom of several top WWE wrestlers. Celebrities such as Aretha Franklin, Cyndi Lauper, Muhammad Ali, Mr. T, Alice Cooper, Lawrence Taylor, Pamela Anderson, Mike Tyson, Donald Trump, Floyd Mayweather, Pete Rose, Burt Reynolds, Mickey Rourke, Snoop Dogg, Sean "Diddy" Combs, Kid Rock, Fred Durst, Ozzy Osbourne, Ronda Rousey, and Shaquille O'Neal have participated or made special appearances within the events.
The first WrestleMania was held in Madison Square Garden in New York City; the 10th and 20th editions were also held there. WrestleMania III in the Detroit suburb of Pontiac, Michigan was the highest-attended indoor sports event in the world, with 93,173 fans in attendance. The record stood until February 14, 2010, when the 2010 NBA All-Star Game broke the indoor sporting event record with an attendance of 108,713 at Cowboys Stadium, since renamed AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. In 2016, WrestleMania 32 surpassed WrestleMania III as the highest-attended professional wrestling event ever held, with 101,763 fans in attendance at AT&T Stadium. All editions of the event have been hosted in North American cities, with 30 in the United States and two in Canada.
Most WrestleMania events have taken place in sports arenas in large cities, with some in large stadiums. The most-attended events include WrestleMania III (93,173) in Pontiac, WrestleMania VI (67,678) in Toronto, WrestleMania VIII (62,167) in Indianapolis, WrestleMania X-Seven(67,925) in Houston, WrestleMania X8 (68,237) also in Toronto, WrestleMania XIX (54,097) in Seattle, WrestleMania 23 (80,103) in Detroit, WrestleMania XXIV (74,635) in Orlando, WrestleMania XXV (72,744) also in Houston, WrestleMania XXVI (72,219) in Phoenix, WrestleMania XXVII (71,617) in Atlanta, WrestleMania XXVIII (78,363) in Miami, WrestleMania 29 (80,676) in East Rutherford, WrestleMania XXX (75,167) in New Orleans, WrestleMania 31 (76,976) in Santa Clara and WrestleMania 32 (101,763) in Dallas. Since moving to large stadiums and running Axxess, WrestleMania produces a local economy boost for the host cities.
WrestleMania centers on the main event matches, primarily for the WWE Championship (and between WrestleManias XIX and 29, the World Heavyweight Championship), as well as matches involving sportsmen such as American footballer Lawrence Taylor, multi-weight boxing world champion Floyd Mayweather, and sumo wrestler Akebono. Other WWE championships are also contested for, while gimmick matches and personal feud matches also take place on the match card.
Since 1993, the winner of the annual Royal Rumble match has been able to receive a guaranteed WWE Championship match at the same year's WrestleMania. With the introduction of the World Heavyweight Championship in 2002, the winner was also given the option to choose between the world title or the WWE championship. The creation of the ECW brand in June 2006 gave the Rumble winner a third option: to choose to challenge for the ECW World Championship. This option was made available from 2007 until the brand was retired in 2010. However, this option was never chosen.
WrestleMania 21 saw the introduction of the Money in the Bank ladder match. This match features six to ten participants and took place at six WrestleManias between 2005 and 2010 before becoming the headline match of its own pay-per-view event, Money in the Bank which incorporated the use of two Money in the Bank ladder matches for both respective WWE brands, SmackDown and Raw. The participant who retrieves the briefcase suspended above the ring wins a contract, which guarantees a world title match at the time and place of the winner's choosing for up to one year, including the following year's WrestleMania. This lasted until 2010 when the Money in the Bank pay per view was introduced and thus the Money in the Bank ladder match was retired from WrestleMania.
For five of the first six WrestleManias Gorilla Monsoon and Jesse Ventura served as the color commentators (the exception being WrestleMania 2, which was split among three venues and had Monsoon, Ventura, and Vince McMahon split up with guest commentators), while Bobby Heenan, Gene Okerlund, Lord Alfred Hayes and others filled guest roles. For WrestleMania VII and VIII, Monsoon and Heenan provided color commentary. In the mid to late 1990s the commentator team comprised Vince McMahon, Jim Ross and Jerry "The King" Lawler. Since the brand separation in 2002, matches from the Raw brand have been called by Ross and Lawler; the SmackDown matches called by Michael Cole, Tazz, John "Bradshaw" Layfield and Jonathan Coachman, and from 2006 to 2010, the ECW matches called by Joey Styles and Tazz. At WrestleMania XXV the first three-man inter-brand commentary team since the WWE Brand Extension was used, and consisted of Jim Ross, Jerry "The King" Lawler, and Michael Cole. The following year Jim Ross was replaced by Matt Striker at WrestleMania XXVI. At WrestleMania XXVII Jim Ross returned to commentate, along with Josh Mathews and new SmackDown color commentator Booker T; the sudden change of commentary was due to a singles match between regular commentators Michael Cole and Jerry "The King" Lawler. Howard Finkel, who is credited with coming up with the name "WrestleMania" in 1984, has served as the long-standing ring-announcer and has appeared at every event, but since the WWE Brand Extension, Lilian Garcia, Tony Chimel and Justin Roberts have taken over as announcers for their respective brand matches. Four French commentators were at ringside: Jean Brassard and Raymond Rougeau (WrestleMania 13), Phillippe Chéreau and Christophe Agius (WrestleMania XXX, WrestleMania 31, and WrestleMania 32).
The World Wrestling Federation staged the first WrestleMania on March 31, 1985 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The main event was a tag-team match between the WWF World Heavyweight Champion Hulk Hogan and Mr. T, accompanied by Jimmy Snuka against the team of Roddy Piper and Paul Orndorff, who were accompanied by Cowboy Bob Orton. The financial and critical success of the event secured the company's status as the most successful promotion in the United States, rising above competitors such as the National Wrestling Alliance and American Wrestling Association. In attendance were business celebrity Sy Sperling and broadcasting executive Tony D'Angelo. WrestleMania 2 was held the following year and took place in three venues across the country. The Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, New York, the Rosemont Horizon (now Allstate Arena) in the Chicago suburb of Rosemont, Illinois, and the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena in Los Angeles. They each featured multiple matches that led up to the main event; this saw WWF World Heavyweight Champion Hulk Hogan defeat the challenger King Kong Bundy in a Steel Cage match.
A world indoor attendance-record of 93,173 fans was set at WrestleMania III, which was also the largest paying attendance in the history of professional wrestling at the time. The event is widely considered to be the pinnacle of the 1980s wrestling boom. To make certain that every seat in the Pontiac Silverdome would be filled, WWF decided to exclude the entire state of Michigan from pay-per-view access to the event, which made attending the event the only way for fans in Michigan to see it. The event featured Hulk Hogan defending the WWF World Heavyweight Championship against André the Giant and the WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship match between "Macho Man" Randy Savage and Ricky "The Dragon" Steamboat. The match between Savage and Steamboat would go on to be regarded as one of the best matches in not only WrestleMania, but professional wrestling history and is acknowledged by many (including Vince McMahon) as having "stolen the show".
WrestleMania IV was held at the Atlantic City Convention Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey (though on the broadcast it was billed as being held in the Trump Plaza because the adjacent casino hotel was the event's primary sponsor). The event was an all tournament event to crown a new WWF World Heavyweight Champion, with four non-tournament matches to fill between the gaps in the tournament rounds. The second round of the tournament featured a rematch of the previous year's main event between Hulk Hogan and André the Giant while Randy Savage went on to defeat Ted DiBiase in the finals. The event returned the following year to Atlantic City for WrestleMania V, in which Hulk Hogan defeated Randy Savage for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship Savage had won the previous year. To date this is the only time consecutive WrestleMania's have been held in the same venue.
The first time WrestleMania took place outside of the United States was WrestleMania VI, which was held at the SkyDome (now Rogers Centre) in Toronto, Canada. In the main event match, The Ultimate Warrior won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan. The following year, the event returned to the United States for WrestleMania VII, which was originally scheduled to be held at the outdoors Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The event was moved to the adjacent indoors Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena after poor tickets sales, sold on television as being for security reasons related to the Gulf War and Sgt. Slaughter's storyline defection to Iraq. The event saw Hulk Hogan face defending champion Sgt. Slaughter for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship, while The Undertaker made his WrestleMania debut defeating Jimmy Snuka. Following this, The Undertaker was undefeated in 21 of his WrestleMania matches, until he lost to Brock Lesnar at WrestleMania XXX. The next edition, WrestleMania VIII, was held in the Hoosier Dome with Macho Man Randy Savage defeating Ric Flair for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship and Hulk Hogan defeating Sid Justice via disqualification.
WrestleMania IX was the first WrestleMania held at an outdoor venue. It was also the first and only time in WrestleMania history that the WWF World Heavyweight Championship switched twice. Yokozuna defeated Bret Hart to become the WWF World Heavyweight Champion, only to lose it to Hulk Hogan. The tenth edition of the event, WrestleMania X saw its return to Madison Square Garden. The event featured Owen Hart defeating his elder brother Bret; a ladder match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship also headlined, in which Razor Ramon defeated Shawn Michaels. Bret having been defeated earlier won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Yokozuna in the main event. Bret is the first wrestler in WrestleMania history to lose his first match and come back to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in the main event. Michaels defeated Bret Hart to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in a 60-minute Iron Man match at WrestleMania XII. The match is considered to be one of the best matches in the history of the event. The event also saw the return of the Ultimate Warrior who defeated Hunter Hearst Helmsley (later known as Triple H) in the latter's WrestleMania debut. The following year at WrestleMania 13, a submission match pitted Bret Hart and Stone Cold Steve Austin against one another in a bout that received much acclaim and The Undertaker defeated Sycho Sid for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in the main event.
At WrestleMania XIV, Austin defeated Shawn Michaels to become the new WWF World Heavyweight Champion in a match that featured Mike Tyson serving as the special enforcer. Although Tyson had been aligned with Michaels and his stable D-Generation X, Tyson revealed to have been aligned with Austin all along as he personally counted the pinfall and declared Austin the winner. The Undertaker and Kane fought for first time at this event where The Undertaker won. The following year at WrestleMania XV, Austin defeated The Rock to regain the WWF Championship. The event featured the first of three encounters at WrestleMania between Austin and The Rock in the rivalry of the two most prominent and popular stars of The Attitude Era.
WrestleMania 2000 featured the first ever Triangle Ladder match for the WWF Tag Team Championship, involving The Hardy Boyz, The Dudley Boyz and Edge and Christian. The main event featured the WWF Champion Triple H successfully defending his title in a fatal four way match against three challengers: The Rock, Big Show and Mick Foley. This match was billed as having 'a McMahon in every corner' as Triple H was accompanied by Stephanie McMahon, The Rock by Vince McMahon, Big Show by Shane McMahon and Mick Foley by Linda McMahon.
At WrestleMania X-Seven, Steve Austin defeated The Rock and regained the WWF Championship. The event also featured Vince and Shane McMahon in a Street Fight, while Edge and Christian won the WWF Tag Team Championship against the Hardy Boyz and Dudley Boyz in the second Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match. The event was the pinnacle of the 1990s wrestling boom. It was also the first WrestleMania held after the dissolution and WWF's subsequent purchase of the company's rival, World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and the end of the Monday Night Wars.
WrestleMania X8 was the last WrestleMania to be produced under the WWF name, and featured Triple H defeating Chris Jericho to win the Undisputed Championship. Austin, The Rock and The Undertaker defeated Scott Hall, Hulk Hogan and Ric Flair respectively, all whom had rejoined the company after their stints with WCW. Also Rob Van Dam won his first Intercontinental Championship in his WrestleMania debut.
WrestleMania XIX saw Steve Austin's last match, as he faced The Rock for a third time at WrestleMania, ending their long-running feud. Hulk Hogan defeated Vince McMahon and Shawn Michaels participated in his first WrestleMania match in five years, defeating Chris Jericho. The World Heavyweight Championship was defended for the first time at the event, with Triple H retaining against Booker T, while Brock Lesnar defeated Kurt Angle to win the WWE Championship.
WWE celebrated the twentieth edition of WrestleMania at Madison Square Garden with WrestleMania XX. The event featured The Undertaker (who returned to his Deadman persona) defeating the unmasked Kane in their second encounter and the WWE Championship and World Heavyweight Championship victories of Eddie Guerrero and Chris Benoit, respectively with Guerrero defeating Kurt Angle to retain the WWE Championship and Benoit defeating Triple H and Shawn Michaels to win the World Heavyweight Championship. The event also featured the Rock 'n' Sock Connection, The Rock and Mankind/Mick Foley versus Batista, Randy Orton, and Ric Flair of Evolution where this 2-on-3 handicap match saw The Rock's last match for over seven years, as well as Steve Austin as the guest referee in an interpromotional singles match between the departing superstars Brock Lesnar (who would return to the company eight years later) and Bill Goldberg. The WWE Hall of Fame was reintroduced with an annual induction show held the night before WrestleMania.
At WrestleMania 21, the concept of the Money in the Bank ladder match was introduced; a six-man ladder match that featured a briefcase suspended above the ring containing a contract that guaranteed the winning Raw brand participant a world title match at any time and place of their choosing within one year up to the next year's WrestleMania, in which Edge went on to win this match. In the main events, the WWE Championship and the World Heavyweight Championship passed on to John Cena and Batista respectively by defeating John "Bradshaw" Layfield and Triple H in their respective matches. Eddie Guerrero's last WrestleMania match took place at WrestleMania 21 against Rey Mysterio, before he died later that year. The event also featured the return of Stone Cold Steve Austin after a year-long hiatus, while Kurt Angle defeated Shawn Michaels in a highly acclaimed match.
The Money in the Bank ladder match was also held at WrestleMania 22 as a six-man interpromotional match where the winner would get a world title match of their choosing, regardless of the brand they were on, and this match was won by Rob Van Dam. The main events of WrestleMania 22 featured Rey Mysterio win the World Heavyweight Championship against Kurt Angle and Randy Orton in a Triple Threat Match, and John Cena retain the WWE Championship against Triple H. Edge defeated Mick Foley in a Hardcore Rules match, where Edge infamously speared Foley of the ring apron through a flaming table at ringside. WrestleMania 22 also featured Shawn Michaels defeating Vince McMahon in a No Holds Barred match, Undertaker defeating Mark Henry in a casket match, and Mickie James defeat Trish Stratus to win the WWE Women's Championship.
At WrestleMania 23, the Money in the Bank match expanded to include eight men and would include stars from the revived ECW brand which was won by Mr. Kennedy. John Cena would go on to retain his WWE Championship against Shawn Michaels, while The Undertaker would win the World Heavyweight Championship from Batista. Representing Donald Trump, ECW World Champion Bobby Lashley defeated Umaga, who represented Vince McMahon, in a match billed as the "battle of the billionaires" and arbitrated by Stone Cold Steve Austin at WrestleMania 23. This was also the last WrestleMania where the WWE Women's Championship was defended when Melina defeated Ashley Massaro in a lumberjills match.
At WrestleMania XXIV, Shawn Michaels defeated Ric Flair in a highly acclaimed match, while the Money in the Bank ladder match included seven participants from all three brands which was won by CM Punk who also wins it again at WrestleMania XXV. The ECW Championship was defended for the only time at a WrestleMania event, when Kane emerged as the new ECW Champion in a record 8 seconds, while Randy Orton retained the WWE Championship and The Undertaker won the World Heavyweight Championship for the second consecutive year, defeating Edge. In an encounter that featured major media coverage, boxing world champion Floyd Mayweather, Jr. defeated Big Show. The event was the second WrestleMania to be held at an outdoor venue.
WrestleMania XXV featured Chris Jericho defeating WWE Hall of Famers Roddy Piper, Jimmy Snuka, and Ricky Steamboat in a match that featured appearances by Ric Flair and actor Mickey Rourke. Shawn Michaels unsuccessfully attempted to hand The Undertaker his first defeat at a WrestleMania in an acclaimed match, and the WWE Intercontinental Championship was defended at the event for the first time since WrestleMania X8 with Rey Mysterio defeating John "Bradshaw" Layfield. John Cena defeated Edge for the World Heavyweight Championship also involving the Big Show, while Triple H retained the WWE Championship against Randy Orton.
At WrestleMania XXVI, the professional wrestling career of Shawn Michaels came to an end as he faced The Undertaker in a highly acclaimed re-match of their encounter from the previous year. The event also featured John Cena winning the WWE Championship and Chris Jericho retaining the World Heavyweight Championship. Following Bret Hart's return to WWE in over twelve years since the Montreal Screwjob incident, Bret Hart defeated Vince McMahon in a No Holds Barred match with members of the Hart wrestling family present. The Money in the Bank Ladder match included ten participants from both Raw and SmackDown (the ECW brand was retired in February), and this match was won by Jack Swagger. This was the last Money in the Bank Ladder match to date at WrestleMania event.
WrestleMania XXVII featured the return of The Rock following a seven-year hiatus to serve as host for the event. Trish Stratus competed in her first WrestleMania since the twenty-second edition, teaming with John Morrison and Jersey Shore's Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi to defeat LayCool and Dolph Ziggler. Longtime WWE announcers Michael Cole and Jerry Lawler brawled in a match officiated by Stone Cold Steve Austin, while Triple H failed in his attempt to avenge Shawn Michaels' loss to The Undertaker from a year prior. This was the first WrestleMania in history in which both the World Heavyweight Champion and WWE Champion were able to successfully retain their titles. World Heavyweight Champion Edge defeated the challenger Alberto Del Rio in what would be Edge's last match before his retirement on April 11, and The Rock closed out the event saluting the fans after laying out John Cena and The Miz with the signature move Rock Bottom following Miz retaining the WWE Championship. This incident would set up the main event for the following year's WrestleMania.
WrestleMania XXVIII had three "main event" matches. In the first main event, The Undertaker defeated Triple H in a Hell in a Cell match via pinfall, officiated by WWE Hall of Famer Shawn Michaels, extending his WrestleMania streak to 20–0. The second main event featured CM Punk retaining the WWE Championship against Chris Jericho, via submission. The third main event featured The Rock defeating John Cena via pinfall in a "Once in a Lifetime" match, announced a year in advance.
In 2013, WrestleMania 29 had 80,676 fans in attendance, becoming the third-highest attended WrestleMania ever. This WrestleMania had three main events. The first saw The Undertaker extend his undefeated streak to 21–0 by defeating CM Punk. Triple H, with the help of Shawn Michaels, defeated Brock Lesnar in a No Holds Barred match; had Triple H lost, he would have had to retire from in-ring competition. In the final match, John Cena avenged his loss from the previous year by defeating The Rock for the WWE Championship, winning the title a record 11th time and making a record of four victories as a Challenger in World title match at WrestleMania . Other matches included Alberto Del Rio successfully defending his World Heavyweight Championship against Jack Swagger, and Fandango pulling off an upset by defeating Chris Jericho. In the opening bout, The Shield (Dean Ambrose, Seth Rollins, and Roman Reigns) defeated the team of Big Show, Sheamus, and Randy Orton, in their WrestleMania debut.
WrestleMania XXX was the 30th annual WrestleMania event produced by WWE on April 6, 2014 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The event was the first WrestleMania to be held in the state of Louisiana. It saw Daniel Bryan defeat Triple H in the opening match. Per the stipulation, this gave Bryan a spot in the main event, where he won the WWE World Heavyweight Championship by making Batista submit in a Triple Threat match which also included Randy Orton. It was the first WrestleMania where the WWE Divas Championship was defended, with AJ Lee retaining the title in the "Vickie Guerrero Divas Championship Invitational". WrestleMania XXX also saw the end of The Undertaker's undefeated streak at WrestleMania as he was defeated by Brock Lesnar in what was described as 'the most shocking result in sports-entertainment history'. At Wrestlemania XXX, Bray Wyatt's undefeated streak since his debut came to an end at the hands of John Cena. Also, at WrestleMania XXX, The Shield defeated Kane and The New Age Outlaws (Road Dogg and Billy Gunn) in a six-man tag team match, and Cesaro won the 1st ever Andre The Giant memorial battle royal by body slamming Big Show outside of the ring, in similar fashion to Hulk Hogan body slamming Andre The Giant, at WrestleMania III.
WrestleMania 31 was held at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California on March 29, 2015. Brock Lesnar defended the WWE World Heavyweight Championship in the main event against Royal Rumble winner Roman Reigns, with Seth Rollins cashing in his Money in the Bank briefcase, turning the bout into a Triple Threat, ending with Rollins pinning Reigns to win the championship. Other main bouts included Sting's first ever WWE match against Triple H which he lost, The Undertaker returned and defeated Bray Wyatt to get his 22nd victory at the event's history, Randy Orton defeated Seth Rollins and Rusev lost the United States Championship and his unbeaten streak to John Cena. Another important promoted match was the 7-man ladder match for the Intercontinental Championship, which was won by Daniel Bryan. Also, at WrestleMania 31, AJ Lee teamed with Paige to defeat The Bella Twins in a tag team match.
WrestleMania 32 was held at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas on April 3, 2016. WrestleMania 32 broke the attendance record at 101,763 as announced by The Rock at the event. In the main event Roman Reigns defeated Triple H to win the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. Other bouts included the Undertaker defeating Shane McMahon in a Hell in a Cell match. Had Shane won he would have gained control of Monday Night Raw had 'Taker lost this would have been his last WrestleMania. Brock Lesnar defeated Dean Ambrose in a No Holds Barred Street Fight, Charlotte defeated Becky Lynch and Sasha Banks to win the inaugural WWE Women's Championship, Chris Jericho defeated AJ Styles in a singles match, The League of Nations (Sheamus, Rusev and Alberto Del Rio) (with King Barrett) defeated The New Day (Xavier Woods, Kofi Kingston, and Big E) in a six-man tag match, Zack Ryder won a 7-man ladder match for the Intercontinental Championship, and The Rock defeated Erick Rowan in a record breaking 6 seconds match. Also, at WrestleMania 32, Baron Corbin won the 3rd annual Andre The Giant memorial battle royal, by last eliminating Kane.
Over the years, WrestleMania has featured many celebrity appearances with varying levels of involvement. The main event of the first WrestleMania showcased numerous celebrities along with the wrestlers. Billy Martin served as ring announcer with Liberace as timekeeper, and Muhammad Ali served as an official. Mr. T competed in the main event alongside tag team partner, Hulk Hogan. WrestleMania 2 featured a 20-man battle royal pitting several NFL players against WWF wrestlers, while Lawrence Taylor faced Bam Bam Bigelow at WrestleMania XI. Mike Tyson appeared at WrestleMania XIV as the special guest enforcer for the WWF Championship bout between Shawn Michaels and Steve Austin, while professional boxer Butterbean was challenged to a boxing match by Bart Gunn at WrestleMania XV. At WrestleManias XIV, XV, and 2000, Pete Rose became involved in a short feud with Kane that became a running gag with each appearance ending with Rose receiving a Tombstone piledriver or chokeslam from Kane. Big Show faced sumo wrestling yokozuna Akebono in a sumo contest at WrestleMania 21, and fought professional welterweight boxer Floyd Mayweather, Jr. at WrestleMania XXIV. Jersey Shore star Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi competed in a 6-person tag team match teaming with Trish Stratus and John Morrison in a winning effort against Dolph Ziggler and LayCool (Layla and Michelle McCool), at WrestleMania XXVIII Maria Menounos teamed up with Kelly Kelly to defeat Beth Phoenix and Eve Torres in a tag team match.
The event has also featured live musical performances. Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin, Gladys Knight, Willie Nelson, Reba McEntire, Little Richard, Boyz II Men, Ashanti, Boys Choir of Harlem, Michelle Williams, John Legend, Nicole Scherzinger, Fantasia Barrino, and Keri Hilson have each renditioned the songs "The Star-Spangled Banner" or "America the Beautiful" before the show. Robert Goulet performed "O Canada" at WrestleMania VI. Acts such as Motörhead, Limp Bizkit, Saliva, Run–D.M.C., Salt-n-Pepa, Living Colour, Ice-T, Drowning Pool, Flo Rida, P.O.D., Machine Gun Kelly, Rev Theory and Mark Crozer have also performed during the live entrances of competitors.
In 1988, in association with The Trump Organization, WWF prepared a small festival to celebrate WrestleMania IV, which included autograph signings, a brunch, and a 5K run; the event was held again in 1989 for WrestleMania V. In 1992, a festival was held the day of WrestleMania VIII which included a WWF superstar look-alike contest and a tournament for the WWF WrestleFest arcade game. In 1993, the WWF held a "WrestleMania Brunch" the day of WrestleMania IX at Caesars Palace, during the course of which Lex Luger attacked Bret Hart. In 1994, WWF offered "Fan Fest" for the weekend of WrestleMania X, which allowed fans to step inside a WWF ring, participate in games, meet superstars, and purchase merchandise; the event was followed up in 1995 with another "Fan Fest" for WrestleMania XI. In 1999, WWF held its first Saturday pre-WrestleMania event taking place on March 27, 1999. WrestleMania Rage Party as it was known was televised live on the USA Network from 10:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. (EST). The event was to be held at the Pennsylvania Convention Center. The idea of the event was "...to celebrate the final WrestleMania of the millennium..."
The following year WWF held its first WrestleMania Axxess event at the Anaheim Convention Center expanding upon the party idea of WrestleMania Rage Party. The event included autograph signings and mementos to inductees of the WWE Hall of Fame. There were also activities where fans could enter a wrestling ring and commentate a wrestling match. In 2001, WrestleMania Axxess was held at the Reliant Hall which expanded upon the event by adding numerous activities including areas where attendees could buy special merchandise, see a production truck and check out special WWE vehicles. From 2002, WrestleMania Axxess would be extended to a three-day event (March 14–16) and would be held at the Canadian National Exhibition. The three-day event included similar activities to that of the one-day line-up. 2003 would be the final WrestleMania Axxess at a convention center for 6 years. From 2004–2008, WrestleMania Axxess visited cities around the United States and Canada with a smaller touring version of what was previously presented at regular Axxess events. In 2009 WrestleMania Axxess returned, and has continued every year since, as a four-day event held at convention centers and arenas in the host city of that year's WrestleMania.
Dates and venues
March 31, 1985
|New York, New York||Madison Square Garden||19,121||Hulk Hogan and Mr. T vs. Roddy Piper and Paul Orndorff|||
April 7, 1986
|Uniondale, New York||Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum||16,585||Mr. T vs. Roddy Piper in a Boxing match|||
|Rosemont, Illinois||Rosemont Horizon||9,000||Greg Valentine and Brutus Beefcake (c) vs. Davey Boy Smith and Dynamite Kid for the WWF Tag Team Championship|
|Los Angeles, California||Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena||14,500||Hulk Hogan (c) vs. King Kong Bundy in a Steel Cage match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship|
March 29, 1987
|Pontiac, Michigan||Pontiac Silverdome||93,173||Hulk Hogan (c) vs. André the Giant for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship|||
March 27, 1988
|Atlantic City, New Jersey||Atlantic City Convention Hall||18,165||Randy Savage vs. Ted DiBiase for the vacant WWF World Heavyweight Championship|||
April 2, 1989
|18,946||Randy Savage (c) vs. Hulk Hogan for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship|||
April 1, 1990
|Toronto, Canada||SkyDome||67,678||The Ultimate Warrior (c) vs. Hulk Hogan (c) for the WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight and World Heavyweight Championships|||
March 24, 1991
|Los Angeles, California||Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena||16,158||Sgt. Slaughter (c) vs. Hulk Hogan for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship|||
April 5, 1992
|Indianapolis, Indiana||Hoosier Dome||62,167||Hulk Hogan vs. Sid Justice|||
April 4, 1993
|Paradise, Nevada||Caesars Palace||16,891||Bret Hart (c) vs. Yokozuna for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship|||
March 20, 1994
|New York, New York||Madison Square Garden||18,065||Yokozuna (c) vs. Bret Hart for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship|||
April 2, 1995
|Hartford, Connecticut||Hartford Civic Center||16,305||Bam Bam Bigelow vs. Lawrence Taylor|||
March 31, 1996
|Anaheim, California||Arrowhead Pond||18,853||Bret Hart (c) vs. Shawn Michaels in an 60-Minute Iron Man match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship|||
March 23, 1997
|Rosemont, Illinois||Rosemont Horizon||18,197||Sycho Sid (c) vs. The Undertaker in a No Disqualification match for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship|||
March 29, 1998
|Boston, Massachusetts||FleetCenter||19,028||Shawn Michaels (c) vs. Stone Cold Steve Austin for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship|||
March 28, 1999
|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania||First Union Center||20,276||The Rock (c) vs. Stone Cold Steve Austin in a No Disqualification match for the WWF Championship|||
April 2, 2000
|Anaheim, California||Arrowhead Pond||18,034||Triple H (c) vs. The Rock vs. Big Show vs. Mick Foley for the WWF Championship|||
April 1, 2001
|Houston, Texas||Reliant Astrodome||67,925||The Rock (c) vs. Stone Cold Steve Austin in a No Disqualification match for the WWF Championship|||
March 17, 2002
|Toronto, Canada||SkyDome||68,237||Chris Jericho (c) vs. Triple H for the Undisputed WWF Championship|||
March 30, 2003
|Seattle, Washington||Safeco Field||54,097||Kurt Angle (c) vs. Brock Lesnar for the WWE Championship|||
March 14, 2004
|New York, New York||Madison Square Garden||18,000||Triple H (c) vs. Chris Benoit vs. Shawn Michaels for the World Heavyweight Championship|||
April 3, 2005
|Los Angeles, California||Staples Center||20,193||Triple H (c) vs. Batista for the World Heavyweight Championship|||
April 2, 2006
|Rosemont, Illinois||Allstate Arena||17,159||John Cena (c) vs. Triple H for the WWE Championship|||
April 1, 2007
|Detroit, Michigan||Ford Field||80,103||John Cena (c) vs. Shawn Michaels for the WWE Championship|||
March 30, 2008
|Orlando, Florida||Florida Citrus Bowl||74,635||Edge (c) vs. The Undertaker for the World Heavyweight Championship|||
April 5, 2009
|Houston, Texas||Reliant Stadium||72,744||Triple H (c) vs. Randy Orton for the WWE Championship|||
March 28, 2010
|Glendale, Arizona||University of Phoenix Stadium||72,219||The Undertaker vs. Shawn Michaels in a No Disqualification Streak vs. Career match|||
April 3, 2011
|Atlanta, Georgia||Georgia Dome||71,617||The Miz (c) vs. John Cena for the WWE Championship|||
April 1, 2012
|Miami Gardens, Florida||Sun Life Stadium||78,363||John Cena vs. The Rock|||
April 7, 2013
|East Rutherford, New Jersey||MetLife Stadium||80,676||The Rock (c) vs. John Cena for the WWE Championship|||
April 6, 2014
|New Orleans, Louisiana||Mercedes-Benz Superdome||75,167||Randy Orton (c) vs. Batista vs. Daniel Bryan for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship|||
March 29, 2015
|Santa Clara, California||Levi's Stadium||76,976||Brock Lesnar (c) vs. Roman Reigns vs. Seth Rollins for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship|||
April 3, 2016
|Arlington, Texas||AT&T Stadium||101,763||Triple H (c) vs. Roman Reigns for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship|||
April 2, 2017
|Orlando, Florida||Camping World Stadium||TBD||TBD|||
April 8, 2018
|New Orleans, Louisiana||Mercedes-Benz Superdome||TBD||TBD|||
- List of WWE pay-per-view events
- List of WWE Network events
- Starrcade: the premier event produced by the defunct World Championship Wrestling.
- November to Remember: the premier event produced by the defunct Extreme Championship Wrestling.
- Bound for Glory: the premier event produced by TNA Wrestling.
- Final Battle: the premier event produced by Ring of Honor.
- January 4 Dome Show: the premier event produced by New Japan Pro Wrestling.
- CMLL Anniversary Show: the premier event produced by CMLL.
- Triplemanía: the premier event produced by AAA.
- Ultima Lucha: the premier event produced by Lucha Underground.
- "East wins in front of biggest crowd to watch hoops game". ESPN.com. February 14, 2010. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
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- Powell, Jon (2002-03-17). "Axxess ends with a whimper not a bang". SLAM Wrestling!. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
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- "Wrestlemania XI main event". WWE. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
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- "Wrestlemania 13 main event". WWE. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
- "Wrestlemania XIV results". WWE. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
- "Wrestlemania XV results". WWE. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
- "Wrestlemania 2000 results". WWE. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
- "Wrestlemania X-Seven results". WWE. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
- "Wrestlemania X8 results". WWE. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
- "Wrestlemania XIX". WWE. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
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- "Wrestlemania 23". WWE. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
- "Wrestlemania XXIV". WWE. Retrieved 2014-01-23.
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Leti, an institute of CEA Tech, and PYXALIS, a French SME specializing in high-performance image sensors, have announced a new technology that lowers readout noise for image sensors down to 0.5 electron noise and dramatically improves low-light image sensing capabilities.
The new technology, called Owly-eyed, is based on a patented electrical architecture of the pixel readout that can be integrated in image sensors. Designed to meet growing demand for more sensitive CMOS image sensors, it has been adapted for PYXALIS, which will offer it in its next-generation image sensors.
“In this common lab with PYXALIS, we’ve developed a low-noise image technology that provides state-of-the-art advanced imaging for next-generation applications in a wide range of markets and industries,” said Marie Semeria, Leti’s CEO. “This CMOS-based device, which can be adapted for multiple uses, is another strong example of how Leti’s broad technology innovations make our partners more competitive in their industries.”
“Leti’s Owly-eyed technology is a major improvement in low-noise imaging,” said PYXALIS CEO Philippe Rommeveaux. “Combined with our capacity to offer advanced sensors with high digital integration and high dynamic range, it will allow us to establish a new performance standard in image sensors that address the growing demand for low-light applications in the surveillance, biomedical, science, defense and aerospace markets.”
In the Owly-eyed technology demonstrator, a sub-0.5 e−rms temporal read noise has been achieved on a VGA format CMOS image sensor implemented in a standard CMOS process. The low-noise performance is achieved exclusively through circuit optimization without any process refinements.
Leti also is developing many other technologies for innovative sensors and image processing that perform in low-power and low-latency operating modes.
Leti demonstrated the Owly-eyed technology and a set of advanced smart-image-processing solutions at Vision 2016. | <urn:uuid:f969bb4b-dad8-4d65-8d98-52d34e78e0f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.siliconsemiconductor.net/article/100466-Next-Gen-Low-Noise-Imaging-Technology-Developed-By-Leti-For-French-Sme-Pyxalis.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00055-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927746 | 446 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The Dessert-Like Treat That Works Better Than Diabetes Drugs to Control Blood Sugar
More than 29 million Americans are currently diagnosed with diabetes. An additional eight million are undiagnosed. And an estimated 86 million display symptoms of “pre-diabetes.”
It’s no wonder that an estimated $176 billion is spent each year on diabetes medications and care alone. Billions more are spent on medical devices and so-called “diabetic-safe” industrial foods, many of which actually promote or worsen blood sugar control due to their high levels of sugar, artificial sweeteners and harmful fats.
With all of these harmful drugs, fake pharma-foods, and expensive gadgets (not to mention, the mass media and marketing surrounding them), many people with blood sugar issues feel pressure from their physicians, family and friends to concede, becoming dependent on prescription medications.
But it’s not just people with diabetes or pre-diabetes who should be concerned about blood sugar. Keeping your blood sugar within a healthy range is one of the most important things you can do to prevent heart disease, Alzheimer’s, macular degeneration, weight gain, hormonal issues, certain cancers and more.
Fortunately, recent research shows that a simple, healthy, drinkable addition to your meals may not only stabilize blood sugar enough to prevent post-meal blood sugar surges… this tasty treat may even be powerful enough to reduce the need for diabetes medications altogether.
So, what is this tasty treat?
Whey Protein and Diabetes: The Ultimate Blood-Sugar Balancing Shake
Well, it’s not just any shake – it’s a shake made with whey protein.
Researchers at Wolfson Medical Center of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem evaluated a cohort of type 2 diabetes patients. The participants were divided into two groups. The first group received 50 grams of whey protein in 250 ml of water and a high-glycemic breakfast. The second consumed only the same, blood-sugar spiking breakfast. Blood samples were taken before the meal, when the whey protein was taken, and at specific intervals afterward.
The researchers found that blood sugar levels were reduced after the meal by an impressive 28 percent in the participants who consumed the whey shake. What’s more, the whey shake group also enjoyed a 105 percent increase in insulin release and 141 percent higher levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) – a gut hormone that stimulates insulin secretion. All in all, the whey shake group enjoyed a 96 percent improvement in early insulin response compared to the control group.
The lead researcher on the study, Prof. Daniela Jakubowicz, said:
“What’s remarkable is that consuming whey protein before meals reduces the blood sugar spikes seen after meals. It also improves the body’s insulin response, putting it in the same range or even higher than that produced by novel anti-diabetic drugs.”
Eat Wisely, Move Often, Add Whey Protein
When it comes to controlling your blood sugar – or even reversing diabetes – focus on lifestyle and diet first.
Move your body. Get plenty of fresh air and sunshine. And base your meals around the low-carb, grain-free, healthy-fat foods that are known to naturally regulate blood sugar and metabolism, including grass-fed beef, bison and lamb, pastured poultry and wild fish, with as many of the above-ground veggies you can eat.
And for even more blood-sugar balancing power and nutrition, add a delicious low-sugar shake made with non-denatured, grass-fed whey protein before a meal.
And here’s more good news… Did you know that you can still enjoy all your favorite sweet treats without a care as to how it will affect your blood sugar or your health? It’s true – but only if you choose what we like to call, “intelligent ingredients.” | <urn:uuid:af2657a6-daf2-49f4-a3cb-fa537925d07b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healinggourmet.com/whey-protein-and-diabetes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.928941 | 827 | 2.1875 | 2 |
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Topics:Management and Strategy
Los Angeles, CACost:$2,450October 17, 2017 - October 18, 2017May 15, 2018 - May 16, 2018
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The 2-day Driving Strategies for Maximizing Value and Growth course will show you how to craft, implement and sustain a cohesive strategy to maximize long-term profits. Learn to work with analytical tools that aid strategic decision-making while understanding the environment that includes your customers, technology, economics, capital markets, competitors, special interest groups, and government. This course will go beyond theories and will help you generate skills and enhance your role in your organization.
The "Driving Strategies for Maximizing Value and Growth" course was the second powerful course I attended through USC Executive Education. The content was engaging and tremendously helpful, identifying new ways to develop both long and short term strategy for growth in my industry. This course opened up my mind to look at my business position from new angles. This course was interactive, relevant and terrific for making contacts. The experiential exercises provided practical application that translated theory to reality. - President, Direct Results Radio
Through the use of case studies, current business articles, intensive interaction and experiential exercises, the faculty will lead you to focus on the key knowledge and skills you need to take an active role in managing a business. Participants also gain exposure to 'business like' situations and practice their management skills in a dynamic and participatory setting. The learning environment is supported by technologically advanced facilities, professional staff and highly innovative instructional methods and techniques.
Peer Fiss, Associate Professor of Management and Organization conducts research that lies at the intersection of organization theory and strategic management. He is interested in how meaning structures shape organizational actions, how organizational practices diffuse, and how accounts framing and justifying practices are constructed. In addition, he works on configurational theory and methods using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. His work has been published in the Academy of Management Journal, Academy of Management Review, Administrative Science Quarterly, American Sociological Review, Organization Science, and Strategic Management Journal. He currently serves as associate editor of Academy of Management Review. In 2010 he received the Western Academy of Management's Ascendant Scholar Award.
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USC Marshall School of Business is registered with the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) as a sponsor of continuing professional education on the National Registry of CPE sponsors. State boards of accountancy have final authority on the acceptance of individual courses for CPE credit. Complaints regarding registered sponsors may be submitted to the National Registry of CPE Sponsors through its website: www.learningmarket.org
You will earn 3 CEU credits taking this IN PERSON course. A continuing education unit (CEU) is a measure used in continuing education programs, particularly those required in a licensed profession for the professional to maintain the license. A CEU unit of credit equals to 10 hours of participation in the accredited program designed for professionals with certificates or licenses to practice various professions.
Every reasonable effort will be made to ensure this course runs as described on this web page. Please note that course dates and professors are subject to change. You will be notified by email in advance if there is a date or professor change. Additionally, this course also requires a minimum number of registrants in order to take place. You will be notified by email if the course does not meet this minimum. | <urn:uuid:577ec12e-8f62-4767-8fa8-adab22eb9308> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.marshall.usc.edu/execed/programs/driving-strategies-maximizing-value-and-growth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00055-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91651 | 1,114 | 1.546875 | 2 |
7th-9th September 2012, King’s Manor, University of York
This conference seeks to shed new light on the material culture of both routine and ritual practices in post-medieval vernacular houses. In recent years, scholars across a range of disciplines have become increasingly interested in the potential of objects to shed light on social relationships and domestic practices within the family, household and neighbourhood. This has led to a rise in studies of inventories, as records of particular assemblages within the home, made at a particular moment in time, and of objects themselves, recovered through archaeological excavation or curated within museum collections. Such studies have made use of new theoretical and methodological approaches, such as the idea of ‘biographies’, and the power of objects in telling ‘stories’ about the past – and indeed the present. However, to date, much less attention has been paid to the spatial context of objects, and to the ways in which the groupings of objects recovered in excavation, recorded in contemporary documents or illustrations, or curated and displayed as Museum assemblages, can shed light on the social practices households from the early modern period, to the present day.
Routine and Ritual seeks to being together academic and commercial archaeologists with scholars from other disciplines of cultural and local history, art history and the Museum profession, to discuss and debate the material culture of the post-medieval home and to facilitate dialogue across the disciplines and specialisms concerned with the interpretation of objects to academic and wider audiences. Contributors are asked to think about the relationships between the people who inhabited houses, domestic practices including ‘routine’ activities such as cooking and eating, sleeping, socialising and working, but also more nominally ‘ritual’ activities such as the ritual protection of the home, or the marking of life-cycle rituals such as birth, marriage and death. What role did possessions - buildings and objects - play in these activities? What can we say about the sensory experience both within and between different kinds of home – levels of light, heating, ventilation, the feel of furniture and furnishings, the smell of cooking, scent or sanitation?
Rather than inviting contributors to speak on individual object specialisms, this conference seeks to consider both the methodological challenges posed by the ‘material turn’, and the potential of buildings and objects to answer some of the questions posed above.
Confirmed speakers include: Alasdair Brooks, Craig Cessford, Pete Connelly, Timothy Easton, Ian Evans, David Gaimster, Tara Hamling, Vesa-Pekka Herva, Audrey Horning, Nigel Jeffries, Eleanor John, Freya Massey, Angela McShane, Andrew Morrall, Paul Mullins, Alastair Owen, Vesa-Pekka Herva, Sara Pennell, Philippa Puzey-Broomhead, Greig Parker, Catherine Richardson, Jayne Rimmer, Rosemary Weinstein.
You can download the conference programme and book to attend from the folllowing web page:
Conference Venue and Programme
The conference will run from Friday 7th September to Sunday 9th September 2012.
Registration will open at 5.00pm on Friday 7th for early arrivals and then from 9am on Saturday 8th.
The conference sessions will run from 9.15am-5.00pm on Saturday, followed by a reception at DIG, sponsored by York Archaeological Trust and 9.15am to 4.00pm on Sunday. Tea, coffee and sandwich lunches will be provided.
The venue for the conference is:
The King’s Manor, University of York, Exhibition Square, York YO1 7EP.
Details of how to find the venue can be found here:
To plan your journey, use this site:
A range of different kinds of accommodation at different process can be booked through Visit York, the York Tourist Information Service, here. http://www.visityork.org/accommodation/
You can use the venue location postcode (YO1 7EP) to help you find a hotel or bed and breakfast close to The King’s Manor.
Booking and Conference Fee
The cost of attending the conference is £30. You can book and pay for conference attendance using the University of York’s online store: http://store.york.ac.uk/ and selecting ‘conferences and events’. SPMA ‘Routine and Ritual’ should then appear. Please contact Kate Giles (email@example.com) if you experience problems using this facility.
The Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology is offering a number of student and conference registration bursaries. Please contact the conference organisers if you would like more details. | <urn:uuid:a6f0e20f-be77-4540-8ff9-fa06a2736861> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://earlymodern-lit.blogspot.com/2012/09/routine-and-ritual-in-post-medieval-home.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00465-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935094 | 996 | 1.734375 | 2 |
And they did it while pursuing intelligent, job-creating energy policy:
Defiant Republicans pushed legislation through the House Tuesday night that would keep alive Social Security payroll tax cuts for some 160 million Americans at President Barack Obama’s request — but also would require construction of a Canada-to-Texas oil pipeline that has sparked a White House veto threat.
Passage, on a largely party-line vote of 234-193, sent the measure toward its certain demise in the Democratic-controlled Senate, triggering the final partisan showdown of a remarkably quarrelsome year of divided government.
The legislation “extends the payroll tax relief, extends and reforms unemployment insurance and protects Social Security — without job-killing tax hikes,” Republican House Speaker John Boehner declared after the measure had cleared.
Referring to the controversy over the Keystone XL pipeline, he added, “Our bill includes sensible, bipartisan measures to help the private sector create jobs.”
On a long day of finger pointing, however, House Democrats accused Republicans of protecting “millionaires and billionaires, ” and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., derided the GOP-backed pipeline provision as “ideological candy” for the tea party-set.
Harry’s just mad that the ball is in his court, now, and the situation is lose-lose for him and his Munificent Sun King. Here’s the background:
The Keystone XL pipeline would cross roughly 1,700 miles from Canada’s tar-sands deposits to the Gulf of Mexico in Texas. In addition to giving us access to a reliable supply of oil from a nearby friendly nation, estimates are that the pipeline will create anywhere from 5,000 to 20,000 jobs in the US, not to mention the consumer boost from disposable income. While there are environmental concerns, the State Department has declared them to be minimal. Sounds like a great deal, right?
Not if you’re Barack Obama and the Democrats, who need to pander to the environmentalist Left to shore up their base, it isn’t. Playing to the Green Luddites, Obama delayed a decision on Keystone until, oddly enough, after the election. I guess people who need jobs matter less than donations from the Sierra Club.
Back to the bill just passed.
Obama and the (Social) Democratic leadership had wanted a continuation of the payroll tax cut and an extension of unemployment insurance (which, btw, only worsens unemployment), all paid for by increasing taxes on those evil rich folks. The Republicans, on the other hand, understanding basic economics, wanted instead to pay for the cuts by imposing a federal wage freeze. They also wanted to pass legislation mandating approval for Keystone, since, well, Republicans actually care about people who are out of work and obtaining a reliable source of energy for the US, which would otherwise go to China. (There’s that Smart Power diplomacy, again.)
Obama had threatened to veto any legislation extending the payroll tax cuts if it included authorization for Keystone XL. He gambled that Republicans wouldn’t dare let themselves be seen as allowing a tax increase and a cutoff of unemployment benefits, something he and his allies figured would redound to the Democrats’ benefit.
Well, the Smartest President Ever bet wrong.
Here’s why the Democrats now find themselves in a pickle: the Republicans have passed a bill that
- Brings reliable energy to the US
- Creates thousands of real jobs (far more than the Stimulus ever did)
- Extends unemployment benefits (1) and payroll tax cuts
- and pays for them with a fiscally responsible wage freeze.
Now Reid has to either kill all that in the Senate (2), which will hand the Republicans a large club to beat Democratic incumbents with in 2012, or he has to pass it and send it to Obama, who will then have had his bluff called and face an ugly choice: tell thousands of unemployed American workers you don’t get a good job and, oh, by the way, the unemployment checks are going to stop, or sign the bill and look weak while ticking off the same environmental groups he had just bent the knee to.
Like I said, “lose -lose” for them. Darn.
Well played, House Republicans. Well played.
via Doug Powers
(1) Yeah, I just linked to an article showing how unemployment benefits retard job growth, but this is political reality. No party will vote to cut off those benefits in a rotten economy. And that’s why Obama will not veto this bill.
(2) Assuming he can hold his caucus together. Several of those vulnerable Democratic senators might well be tempted to defy their party leader and vote in favor of jobs “back home.”
(Crossposted at Sister Toldjah) | <urn:uuid:5e66a65d-c98f-48aa-a15b-34c60aec30a1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://pubsecrets.wordpress.com/2011/12/13/mean-house-republicans-make-obama-and-reid-cry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00488-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948491 | 1,008 | 1.726563 | 2 |
January 28, 2011
Nepal denied the forceful deportation of Tibetan refugees at the UN Human Rights Council but concerns were expressed about the practice of pre-emptive detentions and deportations in Nepal.
Below is an article published by the International Campaign from Tibet.
As the UN Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review mechanism scrutinized Nepal's human rights record on 25 January in Geneva, Ambassador Dinesh Bhattarai claimed that there are no forceful deportations of Tibetan refugees.
The Nepalese delegation was responding to the U.S. delegation statement urging them to continue "its long-standing commitment to ensure the safe passage through Nepal of Tibetan asylum seekers and refraining from forcibly returning Tibetan asylum seekers to China."
"While we appreciate that the U.S. Administration had raised the plight of Tibetan refugees in Nepal, we remain shocked at the total denial by the Nepalese delegation over the refoulement of Tibetan refugees when cases have been documented by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Governments, NGOs and the media," Ms. Tsering Jampa, Executive Director of ICT-Europe said.
Although the Nepalese delegation was led by Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ms. Sujata Koirala, it was the Nepalese Ambassador who told the UN mechanism: "On the issue of Tibetan refugees, Nepal stated that it does not allow its territory to be used against neighbours or any country. Anyone found in violation of the immigration law or other laws is dealt with according to the law of the land. There are no forceful deportations."
In an advance written question, Switzerland stated: "What measures does the government plan to take, in order to ensure that the status of Tibetan refugees in Nepal is recognized according to international standards?"
As the draft report on Nepal was adopted this afternoon by the Council's Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), Nepalese refused to accept the recommendation of the U.S. delegation to: "Protect vulnerable refugee populations by allowing for registration of the refugee population in Nepal and by refraining from forcibly returning Tibetan asylum seekers to China:" In a way to explain their position, Nepal changed its tone by again claiming that "there was no policy of forcibly returning the refugees." It should be recalled that on 31 May, 2003, the UNHCR in a press statement expressed grave concern about the fate of 18 Tibetan asylum seekers deported to China by Nepal. The statement said that the Nepalese authorities "decided to go ahead with the deportation on Saturday, ignoring last-minute appeals by the UN refugee agency and human rights groups. UNHCR learned that the deported group included eight unaccompanied minors, some as young as 13." UNHCR officials described the move as a blatant violation of Nepal's obligations under international law.
As documented by our annual Dangerous Crossing reports, ICT's written submission to the UPR mechanism "urged Nepal to uphold the principle of non-refoulement by taking adequate policy and administrative steps, including written policy instruction to immigration officials and border police, and training of Nepali police, security forces and immigration authorities about proper procedures and international human rights norms."
Nepal also rejected recommendation by Algeria, Moldova, Netherlands, Slovenia and Switzerland who urged the country to become a Party to the 1951 Convention relating to the status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. Similarly the call from Netherlands that Nepal adopts national legislation pertaining to refugees that includes the rights of refugees and asylum seekers was not accepted.
ICT's submission expressed concern at the failure of authorities to issue refugee identity certificates to all refugees who met the criteria set by the Government. Thousands of eligible refugees had been waiting for years for processing of the certificates to resume. ICT called for durable solutions for long-staying refugees. Concern was also expressed at the practice of pre-emptive detentions and the wide-scale use of security forces used to intimidate Tibetans residing in Nepal and called on Nepali officials to ensure the fair treatment of Tibetans under Nepali law.
On 13 April, 2007, the UN Committee Against Torture after reviewing Nepal's second report said that the Committee was "concerned about allegations received concerning cases of refoulement of Tibetan asylum-seekers, given the absolute nature of the prohibition against refoulement" under article 3 of the Convention Against Torture. The Committee also recommended that Nepal "enact legislation aimed at prohibiting refoulement of persons without an appropriate legal procedure...provide to the Committee information on the number of cases of extradition, removal, deportation, forced return and expulsion that have occurred since 1994, as well as information on cases in which deportation was not effected for fear of torture."
On the overall performance of the Nepalese delegation at the UPR examination, the Nepal NGO Coalition for the UPR, representing 235 human rights and civil society organization said in a statement on 25 January that they were disappointed "at the rhetorical statement by the government delegation and their failure to provide any concrete commitments and timelines for the implementation of Nepal's human rights obligations." The statement added that the Coalition "is troubled by the response of the government delegation who claimed that there is no systematic torture in Nepal, in spite of well documented and credible reports of systematic practices of torture at the hands of the State security forces." According to the Human Rights Council, by the end of the current two-week session of the Working Group on the UPR, 159 States (out of 192 Member States of the United Nations) will have had their human rights records examined and in December 2011 all United Nations' Member States will have been reviewed under this mechanism.
The UPR was created through the UN General Assembly on 15 March 2006 by resolution 60/251, which established the Human Rights Council itself. It is a cooperative process which, by 2011, will have reviewed the human rights records of every country. Currently, no other universal mechanism of this kind exists. The UPR is one of the key elements of the new Council which reminds States of their responsibility to fully respect and implement all human rights and fundamental freedoms. The ultimate aim of this new mechanism is to improve the human rights situation in all countries and address human rights violations wherever they occur. By the end of the current two-week session of the Working Group on the UPR, 159 States (out of 192 Member States) will have had their human rights records examined and in December 2011 all United Nations' Member States will have been reviewed under this mechanism. | <urn:uuid:a092be77-81e3-48a9-adcc-763c744ed02c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.unpo.org/article/12188 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00060-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960851 | 1,313 | 2.203125 | 2 |
La Thessalie Pour le Voyage du Jeune Anacharsis.
1788 (dated) 8.5 x 11.5 in (21.59 x 29.21 cm)
This lovely little map of Thessaly, just south of Macedonia in Ancient Greece, was prepared by M. Barbie de Bocage, after D'Anville, for the 1788 Travels of Anacharsis. Thessaly is the legendary seat of Phthiotis, home of Achilles and his Myrmidons, who were so prominently featured in the Illiad. Achilles's father King Peleus, ruled this region. There is also a curious theory, based on one of Homer's obscure references to Achilles, that the people of Thessaly were blond.
Anacharsis was a Scythian philosopher who travelled from his homeland on the northern shores of the Black Sea to Athens in the early 6th century BCe. Apparently he made a great impression on the Greeks, who considered him a forthright, outspoken 'barbarian. He is considered a forerunner of the Cynics.
Jean Denis Barbie du Bocage (1760 - 1825) and his son Jean-Guillaume Barbie du Bocage (1795 - 1848) were French cartographers and cosmographers active in Paris during late 18th and early 19th centuries. The elder Barbie du Bocage, Jean Denis, was trained as a cartographer and engraver in the workshops of mapmaking legend J. B. B. d'Anville. At some point Jean Denis held the post of Royal Librarian of France and it was through is associations with d'Anville that the d'Anville collection of nearly 9000 maps was acquired by French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The younger Barbie du Bocage, Jean-Guillaume, acquired a position shortly afterwards at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and, in time, became its head, with the title of Geographe du Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres.
Barbie du Bocage, J. D., Recueil de Cartes Geographiques Plans, Vues, et Medailles de l'Ancienne Grece, Reelatifs au Voyage du Jeune Anacharsis., (Paris, Chez Sanson et Compagnie), 1791.
Very good. Original platemark visible. Original centerfold. Blank on verso. Dark clean impression. | <urn:uuid:fd3bbecc-0b09-4dee-a687-1a4b44e2d70b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.geographicus.com/P/AntiqueMap/Thessaly-bocage-1791 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00142-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908022 | 515 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Microsoft: Windows 10 already installed on 14 million computers
Published 31/07/2015 | 12:04
MICROSOFT Windows 10 has already been installed on 14 million computers, just hours after its launch. And the number could be bigger as Microsoft is delivering the latest update in phases to ensure a smooth rollout.
"While we now have more than 14 million devices running Windows 10, we still have many more upgrades to go before we catch up to each of you that reserved your upgrade," Yusuf Mehdi, Microsoft's corporate vice president said in a blog.
Following a hostile reception to Windows 8 in 2012, which was only placated in small part by the Windows 8.1 update in 2013, Microsoft is hoping that Windows 10 can help it regain favour among its 1.5 billion daily users.
Windows 10 rights a lot of the wrongs done by Microsoft in Windows 8. One of the things that people hated about Windows 8 was the feeling that they were constantly being pushed to use "live tiles", which were designed for touch-based computing, even when they were using a traditional desktop set-up with a keyboard and mouse.
Another was the removal of the Start menu, which many people relied on as their first point of access to all software.
This was replaced in Windows 8.1 with a Start button in the bottom left hand corner of the screen, but rather than opening up a navigation menu, it launched the tile-based touch user interface that most people were trying to escape.
Although live tiles are still a feature of Windows 10, they are not nearly as obtrusive. When you open up the new Start menu, there is a panel of live tiles on the right, where people can "pin" their favourite apps, but there is also a traditional Windows 7-style Start menu on the left, that allows users to sort through all of their files, apps and settings systematically.
More importantly, clicking on a live tile does not result in you being transported to another virtual universe where the app takes over your entire screen and it feels impossible to escape, as it did in Windows 8. Rather, it opens in a neat little window on your desktop, and generally behaves in a much more intuitive way.
Within this context, live tiles seem less repellent than they did in Windows 8. They blend much more into the wider user experience in desktop mode, and if you really can't stand the sight of them in your Start menu, you can unpin them all, and you will be left with just the list menu on the left hand side.
The advantage of having them, of course, is that if you're using a convertible device that operates in both desktop and tablet mode, then applications downloaded from the Windows Store will automatically adjust themselves to suit the mode, making switching between the keyboard and touch interface feel seamless.
So if you're working on an Office Word document at your desk and then have to go and catch a train, you can switch to tablet mode and carry on working on the same document in touchscreen mode as soon as you get a seat.
Microsoft has replaced the despised "Charms" bar from Windows 8, which appears when you swipe or click on the right hand side of the screen, with an "Action Center" that provides notifications and quick access to settings, and is genuinely quite useful.
What Windows 7 users, in particular, will like about Windows 10 is the speed and responsiveness of the new system. Given that Windows 7 is now six years old, the software inevitably feels a bit clunky, but it is really noticeable that programs start faster and run faster in Windows 10, and the whole system feels more slick.
For those who stopped using Internet Explorer years ago, Microsoft's new web browser, Edge, is a revelation.
It feels more like the Google Chrome browser, with a light, stripped-back user interface and a simple set of tools along the top, under the search bar.
For example, "favourites" lets you bookmark a page and cache it for reading offline, "web note" lets you annotate live pages and then save a screenshot of the page, and "share page" lets you send a link to friends via email or social network.
Read mode is also great for people who like to read long articles online, allowing you to strip out all the ads, and sidebars, pop-ups and links, and scroll through a single column of text and pictures. You can't use it on every page, and you still have to go back to the standard layout in order to navigate, but it's a really nice user-friendly feature. Cortana, Microsoft's virtual personal assistant, is integrated into Windows 10, and appears as a search box on the task bar. You can either type queries into the search box or issue voice commands by saying "Hey Cortana," and then asking a question.
If you give Cortana access to your email and calendar clients, for example, it can start to act more like a real personal assistant, extracting relevant information and proactively offering information.
So, in theory, if you have been discussing a particular airline flight in an email, and that flight is delayed, Cortana will alert you to the delay. Or of you have a meeting across town and there is heavy traffic, it will tell you when you need to leave to avoid being late.
The idea is that, over time, Cortana gets to know more about you and becomes better at pushing the right information to you at the right time.
There are, of course, many other features in Windows 10, like the ability to run multiple "desktops" side by side, which is the virtual equivalent of having multiple PC monitors with different apps open on each screen. It's quite a niche feature, but one that some people will no doubt find useful.
You can also "snap" applications that are open to different corners of the screen to make them easier to view. (Sophie Curtis, © Daily Telegraph, London) | <urn:uuid:e789c94a-77de-43e7-ba9e-02a006a489f3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.independent.ie/business/technology/microsoft-windows-10-already-installed-on-14-million-computers-31417954.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00106-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955455 | 1,226 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Population Aging and the Effects on Real Estate and Financial Asset Returns
31 Pages Posted: 8 Oct 2012
Date Written: May 8, 2012
This paper investigates the effects of each age group in the population on housing prices, the returns on different classes of bonds and the excess returns on equity across countries and over time. Previous empirical research focusing on a single country found a negative effect of the ratio of the old to working population on the returns to all assets. However, a more complete framework that encompasses both individuals' consumption-saving decision and portfolio allocation may advance our understanding of how population aging influences asset returns. I construct a high-order polynomial estimation of the demographic structure and then run an unbalanced panel regression with time fixed effects on the change in housing prices (37 countries), total returns of equity indices (53 countries) and total returns on bonds (53 countries). The results show that population aging has the strongest effect on housing prices. Real returns on housing and bond decline as the population gets older. On the other hand, equity premium is higher in countries with relatively older population indicating that risk aversion increases with age. As a robustness check, the joint estimation results using Seemingly Unrelated Regressions are consistent with the individual regressions.
Keywords: Population Aging, Asset Returns, Real Estate
JEL Classification: J11, J14, G12, R31
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation | <urn:uuid:898ee492-1d3f-4afc-9dac-b68b19538da4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2158474 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.868167 | 291 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Tsunami advisory issued for Tonga
15 January, 2022, 6:32 pm
The United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issued a Tsunami Advisory after a magnitude 1.0 earthquake struck the Tonga group.
The earthquake struck at 4.26pm, at a depth of approximately 21 miles, roughly 60km north of Tongatapu, in what is the same site as the ongoing volcanic activity in Tongan waters, the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha’apai undersea volcano.
Footage has come to light of tsunami waves crashing into buildings along the waterfront in Tonga.
People in Kadavu and as far as Nadi also claim to have heard loud booms, believed to be from an eruption at Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha’apai today. | <urn:uuid:65242e3e-0e19-439b-bc2d-f4d3b86d6d33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fijitimes.com/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-tonga/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.958596 | 174 | 2.15625 | 2 |
A poor rain year has produced a stinky, low-level Atascadero Lake this summer, and the city is taking steps to ease the problem.
Currently at about 40 percent capacity, the lake levels are likely the worst the city has seen in 10 or 15 years, public works director Russ Thompson said.
“As the water recedes, it has caused some odor problems on the east side of the lake due to exposed soil and plant material, and shallow stagnant water,” Thompson said. “We have received several complaints in the last week.”
The city is currently working on fixes, including installing four new floating fountains to help increase oxygen at the lake later this month. It’s also working with the state to see if it can start a one-week project to scrape dead plant sludge from the lake bottom to improve oxygen levels and the long-term health of the water.
The issue follows repeated challenges that have plagued the lake in previous years, including dead fish, bird feces and odors.
In hot weather, numerous algae blooms grow and decrease the water’s oxygen, which can kill fish and plants. Hundreds of fish died in 2001. About 30 fish deaths occurred in 2008.
The fish are fine so far, officials said, but decreasing water levels are all too noticeable.
“The Atascadero Lake is drying up, and no one seems to care,” said Templeton resident Gary Thatcher, who walks his dog around the lake nearly every day. “As it is one of the few attractions the city has, I am concerned.”
The city-owned lake, connected to Atascadero Creek, is entirely dependent on rain, Thompson said. Atascadero saw less than half of its normal rain year this season, and the lake is losing about a half-inch of water per day due to evaporation, he added.
“It’s a tough issue right now. I hope we can hold it together until it starts raining again,” Thompson said.
Last month, the City Council approved a roughly $9,500 expense to buy the floating aerator fountains, which are about the size of a small car tire. They are connected to an electrical cord and will suck water from the lake’s surface and shoot it in the air in a V shape.
“That process aerates the water and mixes it and keeps it churning,” Thompson said. Aeration will also help with the smell, he added.
The city has previously rented equipment to pump air into the water to boost the oxygen levels.
Thatcher, the Templeton resident, said he saw the city adding water to the lake a few weeks ago. But the city hasn’t added water to the lake, Thompson said, since it would cost hundreds of thousands of dollars to purchase that water from the Atascadero Mutual Water Co. However, a functional Atascadero Creek well operates at the south end of the lake in the spring, summer and fall. It has a low production that runs five or 10 minutes every hour.
“It (the well) does not generate enough water to keep up with summer evaporation,” Thompson said. | <urn:uuid:5ccedca9-9323-4a32-92a7-4bdd20f5068a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article39449109.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00466-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968521 | 679 | 2.15625 | 2 |
December 23, 2005
Secret Societies Of The Middle Ages: The Assassins, Templars & the Secret Tribunals of Westphalia
By Thomas Keightley
Publisher: Weiser Books (June 2005)
Pages: 408 - Price: $18.95
Review by Lee Prosser - firstname.lastname@example.org
This book is an enjoyable look at the opposing monastic and military secret orders during the Medieval Crusades. It allows the reader to explore the foundations of modern secret societies such as the Illuminati and Freemasonry.
The reader will find three distinct secret groups. The Assassins of the Middle East, an Islamic religious sect. The Templars of Europe, dedicated crusaders eventually persecuted as heretics. The Secret Tribunals of Westphalia, self-appointed judiciary who passed judgment and performed the executions in a time when lawlessness ran rampant in Germany.
A valuable sourcebook, this makes for exciting reading. This is a big book full of facts and information.
If you want to learn about the foundations of these three groups and their influence on political history, give Thomas Keightley's well-written book a reading. You won't be disappointed!
here to buy this book now. | <urn:uuid:1cb55dcc-a4f4-4822-a9bb-a7a937a68c85> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ghostvillage.com/library/2005/lib_keightley.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00313-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915615 | 252 | 2.25 | 2 |
Making a Glasshouse Relevant for the Future While Respecting the Past
RICHARD V. PIACENTINI, PRESIDENT AND CEO OF PHIPPS CONSERVATORY AND BOTANICAL GARDENS SHARES THE BEAUTY BEHIND THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THIS HORTICULTURAL HUB.
By Reese Randall
December 16, 2020
Sustainability has never been more relevant or radiant. While Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens coalesces the two, it can only skim the surface of the deep-rooted message the non-profit organization strives to share. “It is important to recognize that we are a part of nature, not separate from it,” explains Richard V. Piacentini, President and CEO of Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens.
Piacentini continues to explain that the earth is not a series of fragments. “Our ecosystem works together as a whole because we are all connected and a part of one another. We really see the challenge to connect people to nature and its beauty.”
This concept led Piacentini to another challenge. “Beauty needs to be a part of any green building. Sustainability in the past has given people the impression that they have to give up beauty, and that’s not true.” Phipps can be a hub of sustainability in all aspects, as well as an example of how society can be better than how we live now while upholding aesthetics.
“Leading by example, we show our visitors they can have an impact by living better. We started a program called The Climate Tool kit to work on climate change in which gardens can help each other to walk-the-talk,” says Piacentini.
Phipps uses oil barrels to demonstrate what emissions look like so people can visualize the amount of CO2 it takes to produce and power a typical household. “We’ve placed 16 barrels outside of Phipps as a visual,” says Piacentini. The success of this visual resulted in 5,500 families switching to clean energy. “When you start showing people that their individual actions can have an impact, that’s when we learn and work together and our purpose is served,” explains Piacentini.
In sharing the original purpose for Phipps Conservatory with an audience during his TEDx talk, “What We Can Learn from an Old Glasshouse”, Piacentini explained that Phipps was established to provide a place in Pittsburgh for people to see and enjoy the beauty of nature. “This was really important back then because the Pittsburgh of 1893 was a much different place than it is today. Back then people had an extracted view of the world and they thought there was no limit to the amount of pollution we could produce or natural resources we could use. In fact, they thought we were going to conquer nature. Nevertheless, people in Pittsburgh love Phipps and every year they would line up for hours to see the two and then later, three flower shows.”
This year, Phipps’ Winter Flower Show: Home for the Holidaysis a virtual video tour and can be purchased online. “It’s a great thing for people to watch who aren’t from here or who want to move here to share the beauty of Phipps,” says Piacentini. “We’re one of the only conservatories that still does year-round seasonal flower shows.”
Today, the seasonal flower shows and exhibits are housed on Phipps Conservatory’s 15-acre campus that includes a 14-room glasshouse, 23 distinct gardens and industry-leading sustainable architecture.
In his more than 25 years directing the organization, Piacentini led the sustainable and green transformation of Phipps Conservatory, including construction of the Center for Sustainable Landscapes (the only building in the world to meet Living Building Challenge™, LEED® Platinum, WELL™ Platinum, SITES™ Platinum and BREEAM Outstanding In-Use certifications). As explained on the organization’s web site, Phipps Welcome Center is the first LEED-certified visitor center in a public garden, featuring sustainable plant beds with drip irrigation systems, green roofs, non-irrigated organic lawn care practices, a captured-waste-heat snow-melt system, a recycled plastic parking grid planted under the front lawn, natural lighting and ventilation, recycled and regionally sourced materials, high-efficiency restroom fixtures, and sustainable and organic options in the café and gift shop.
“Our Special Events Hall was also built to high-efficiency standards,” adds Piacentini. It features energy-efficient lighting systems, solar control low-e glass windows, eco-friendly shading and a green roof. “We just replaced the bamboo floor and we decided to use a locally grown and harvested new oak floor,” explains Piacentini. “So, from the sustainable angle, it’s beautiful with a natural finish. We’re hoping we can start doing events soon. When we do, we’ll be ready.”
Phipps will be closed through at least Sun., Jan. 3. The Shop at Phipps will remain open for in-person and online shopping, and the Winter Flower Show Virtual Tour Video is available for rental or purchase for a safe at-home experience this holiday season. Join Phipps Conservatory’s Home for the Holidays virtual tour by clicking the link: https://vimeo.com/ondemand/phippsvirtualtour/
To view Richard V. Piacentini’s TEDx talk; click the link: https://www.phipps.conservatory.org/TEDx
Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, One Schenley Park, Oakland; 412.622.6914, phipps.conservatory.org | <urn:uuid:9182f807-29f4-46f4-9f43-7494b62997f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pittsburghearthday.org/making-a-glasshouse-relevant-for-the-future-while-respecting-the-past/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.927912 | 1,272 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The end of the year is such a hectic time, with holiday shopping, family get-togethers, parties and other festive occasions. Thinking about money hardly seems in tune with the season. But the end of the year is precisely the right time to map out financial strategies for the coming year. Following these 10 tips can help make 2016 your most prosperous year ever. Now that’s really something to celebrate!
1. Review Your Credit Report
According to a 2013 Federal Trade Commission Report, one in five Americans had errors on at least one of three credit reports, and five percent of Americans had credit report errors that were serious enough to have adverse effects on their ability to obtain credit. All consumers are entitled to obtain credit reports once per year from each of the three major credit reporting bureaus: TransUnion, Equifax and Experian – and the end of the year is an ideal time to correct any errors that might be contained on your report. You should also work to resolve negative credit report items that are accurate.
2. Update Your Budget
Life changes, and your budget should reflect those changes. Major life events such as marriage, beginning or adding to your family and purchasing a home have a significant impact on your finances. The end of the year presents a great opportunity to update your budget to reflect those changes. Smaller changes count too – consider changing your cell phone plan or re-evaluating your car and home (or renter’s) insurance coverage to better suit your circumstances – and possibly to save money.
3. Plan for Major Expenditures
It may be too late to minimize the financial pain of this year’s holiday spending – but the end of the year is an ideal time to plan for next year’s holiday season. Consider starting a dedicated savings account so that you can purchase gifts with cash, not plastic. Are you planning a big vacation next summer? Don’t wait until May to start thinking about how you’ll pay for it. Beginning your planning at the end of the year helps to ensure that you’ll have plenty of money to make that next vacation one to remember.
4. Develop Income Growth Strategies
Many people suffered major financial setbacks as a result of the recent recession. Even if you escaped the recession relatively unscathed, you may be focused more on maintaining the status quo. However, a smarter strategy is to work toward growing your income, whether it’s asking your boss for a raise if you work at a job or working aggressively toward growing your client base if you’re an entrepreneur.
5. Resolve to Begin Saving (More)
You’ve heard and read this advice from financial experts for years: pay yourself first. But with bills and other obligations, it can be difficult advice to follow. The end of the year is a good time to prioritize your spending and make cuts where you can. If you always have more month than money, you’ll need to make significant cuts to balance your budget. If you’re keeping even with your expenses, stick with modest cuts that don’t feel like deprivation. But establishing a saving habit, or stepping up your saving can make a significant beneficial impact on your budget – sooner than you think!
6. Deplete Your FSA
Many companies allow employees to establish Flexible Spending Accounts as part of their health care benefits. Some companies even match or partially match their workers’ contributions. But that money comes with a significant caveat – it must be spent by the end of the calendar year. Any money left in an FSA, with the exception of 500 dollars that can be carried over to March of the following year, is forfeited. There’s little wisdom in leaving money on the table. So make those doctor’s appointments you’ve been putting off, buy a new pair of contacts – or two, but spend that dough.
7. Make a Dent in Your Debts
If you’re just making the minimum payments on your credit cards, your account may be in current standing, but you’re hardly doing your finances any good. Credit card companies love consumers like you – you pay regularly – and pay, and pay, and pay. Especially if you’re using credit to pay for restaurant meals or for other non-durable purchases, you’ll be making payments long after that meal is forgotten. A fairly painless way to make a dent in your debts is by employing the snowball strategy. Increase the amount you pay on your largest bill (or your bill with the largest APR) as much as possible until it’s paid off. Then take the amount you were paying towards that bill and add it to the payment amounts for the next highest. Rinse and repeat with your next largest bill, and your next, until you suddenly realize that you owe way less money than you did before.
8. Convert Clutter to Cash – or Deductions
If you have unused possessions that are collecting dust, why not either sell them or donate them? That designer jacket that matches nothing in your closet can fetch a tidy sum at a consignment shop. Online platforms like eBay and Craigslist also allow you to get rid of unwanted clutter. Or if you’re feeling charitable, make a donation to a worthy cause. Just be sure to get a receipt, so that you can take credit for your generosity at tax time. Your closets — and your pocketbook will thank you!
9. Update Your Investment and Retirement Portfolios
Do you have a 401(k)? How about stocks? The end of the year is an ideal time to reassess your investments. If you’re in your 20’s, 30’s or 40’s, consider taking a more aggressive investment approach. If you’re closer to retirement, you might want to shift your nest egg into more secure financial instruments.
10. Consider Estate Planning
No one likes to think about estate planning and dealing with final expenses, but doing so ensures that your family won’t have that burden to deal with. If you haven’t written a will or established a trust, the end of the year is an ideal time to take care of that task. If your estate planning is already in place, it can’t hurt to check it out to make sure that your wishes are still expressed by the plans you’ve established.
All the Best for the New Year!
Many of the suggestions listed above can be carried out in a short period of time, in some cases, less than an hour. For those tasks that are more involved, approach them in manageable time slots to avoid becoming overwhelmed. And if you have questions that you can’t figure out on your own, it’s a worthwhile investment to seek the services of a financial or tax professional. Here’s to a prosperous new year!
Audrey Henderson is a Chicagoland-based writer and researcher. She holds advanced degrees in sociology and law from Northwestern University. Her writing specialties are sustainable development in the built environment, policy related to arts and popular culture, socially and ecologically responsible travel, civic tech and personal finance. | <urn:uuid:c798c391-76a5-4c5a-a8a6-71b6f2cf7cda> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.supermoney.com/tips-2016-financially-prosperous/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.949208 | 1,478 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The PBA, signed today in Aberdeen, also includes a commitment by the parties for the development of a long-term agreement.
The agreement commits Aker Kvaerner Offshore Partner and SBS to developing the Greenhead base into a fully fledged decommissioning facility, similar to the Eld°yane site in Norway. It also secures Aker Kvaerner Offshore Partner's access to important facilities in connection with the demolition and recycling of platforms from the North Sea.
"We very much appreciate the way we have been received in Shetland, and we believe this agreement will be to the benefit of all parties, but especially the Shetland Islands," says Tore Sjursen, President of Aker Kvaerrner Offshore Partner, Stavanger. "The Greenhead base will be very important to us in our further efforts in the decommissioning and recycling of platforms that have reached the end of their useful life."
Allan Wishart, Chairman of Shetland Decommissioning Company and Chief Executive of Lerwick Port Authority, comments: "This agreement with the leader in platform decommissioning is a significant step forward in the development of Shetland's role in an evolving, long-term market with its potential for employment and other gains for the islands. The participation of Onyx reflects the emphasis placed on ensuring environmental standards are met."
Decommissioning is seen as a natural extension of Shetland's involvement with the offshore industry since the 1960s and Lerwick already has a track record of providing services and facilities for this market.
The Greenhead facility will supplement the specially constructed demolition plant which Aker Kvaerner has at Eld°yane, Stord, on the west coast of Norway. Under the cooperation agreement, Aker Kvaerner's contribution will include knowledge and experience of this special branch of the oil industry. Aker Kvaerner Offshore Partner and their sister company Aker Stord have earlier removed and demolished the Odin platform on behalf of the Esso oil company from the Norwegian sector - and the 110,000 tons Maureen A-platform (Phillips UK) from the British sector. The recyling rate for the two platforms reached 98 and 99 % respectively. Some of the equipment and steel constructions were reused, but the majority was shipped to smelters for recycling.
The extensive Greenhead base is situated in sheltered waters on the east coast of Shetland where facilities include a modern concrete quay, offices, workshops and large open spaces suitable for this type of work.
There is also an established, environmentally-friendly facility that converts general, non-hydrocarbon waste into energy, which in turn supplies hot water to the heating of both the base and large parts of Lerwick.
The base is strategically located in relation to numerous mature fields on the Norwegian and British continental shelves.
Most Popular Articles | <urn:uuid:6fd49cb4-37d5-4151-9426-3d10d1e07995> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/14131/Aker_Kvaerner_Enters_PBA_for_Frigg_Decommissioning | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00035-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955965 | 598 | 1.5 | 2 |
Kids and parents alike can have difficulty transitioning from the lazy days of summer back to the more structured jam-packed schedules of the new school year. Try making the back-to-school change fun with some family-oriented activities that celebrate the season and add excitement to a new year of learning.
1. Count down to the end of summer with family fun.
Even if school has already begun in your area, you can still brainstorm with your kids to make a list of enjoyable activities to do before the summer season ends! The activities don’t need to be complicated or costly, just fun. Try making a summertime capsule to save your great memories. You could play in the sprinkler or have a croquet or mini-golf championship. Plan a back-to-school celebration with your favorite cousins or friends: perhaps a cookout, catching fireflies, and some flashlight tag. Or team up with some families in your neighborhood to have a bicycle race or talent show with silly prizes. Be sure to take pictures!
2. Audition tasty new school lunch menus.
Get the children involved in finding some new recipes for healthy school lunches. (Did you know that adding seedless grapes and sliced almonds makes an ordinary chicken salad special?) You might enjoy making homemade chips, cookies, or other snacks to include as a lunch box treat. Or make healthy school lunches both fun and delicious by creating your own roll-up sandwiches using flour, corn, or flavored tortillas, plus your favorite cheeses or meats. Add a salad dressing or spread and something crunchy, like nuts, pickles, or chopped apples. Be sure to give your new creation a memorable name!
3. Stage a back-to-school scavenger hunt.
Hide inexpensive school supplies such as fancy pencils, individual markers, cute erasers, crayons, treats, and fun dollar-store items throughout your home or yard for a fun back-to-school scavenger hunt. (Team up with a neighbor for more territory and greater challenge!) Give each kid a brown bag for collecting their school supply loot. You may want to provide smaller children with a head start. If the hunters get stumped, be prepared with some clues. To extend the fun, try playing nature scavenger hunt bingo, too! Finish up your back-to-school celebration with a snack and some silly prizes for all!
4. Create colorful back-to-school T-shirts.
What kids wouldn’t enjoy making cool new back-to-school T-shirts? And fear not, you don’t need to be an artist—there are many inexpensive, easy options. Tie-dying T-shirts requires some advance planning and adult supervision, but it isn’t difficult and the results can be awesome! If that sounds too messy or complicated, your family could design T-shirts using crayons and sandpaper, create bleach-resistant T-shirt designs, or decorate them using stencils and an easy-to-use washable textile paint. Another option is to purchase printable iron-on transfers. Your kids can combine photos, type, scanned drawings, and clip art using the computer, then you help them print out their design and iron it on a T-shirt!
5. Host a back-to-school photo booth.
Raid your kids’ dress-ups and old Halloween costumes and have a back-to-school “photo booth.” Add some funny hats, wild accessories, oversized sunglasses, and other easy-to-wear items. Or check out these ideas for do-it-yourself photo booth props on a stick. Hang colorful fabric or sheets as a backdrop, or use your homeschool classroom as the setting. Make some photo booth signs for kids to hold up: perhaps a “teacher’s pet” label for your dog, or maybe your kids want to hold up a “Straight A Students” banner. Grade-level signs are also popular. Use a smartphone or digital camera to take the pictures, and you’ll be ready to share them with grandparents or on Facebook.
Family back-to-school celebrations can help kids remember that school is important. Easing the transition from summer can help them adjust to school and make a strong start in learning. Give these fun ideas a try, or start your own family back-to-school tradition!
Interested in getting more involved in your children’s education this school year? Visit the Connections Academy website to learn more about tuition-free online school, or the Pearson Online Academy website to discover the advantages of online private school. | <urn:uuid:4dcdb03c-2571-4b33-8b3f-56fd65e92cde> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.connectionsacademy.com/support/resources/article/fun-ideas-for-back-to-school-celebrations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.92904 | 960 | 2.296875 | 2 |
by Greg Garrard
Part of the The New Critical Idiom series
Ecocriticism explores the ways in which we imagine and portray the relationship between humans and the environment in all areas of cultural production, from Wordsworth and Thoreau through to Google Earth, J.M.
Coetzee and Werner Herzog's Grizzly Man. Greg Garrard's animated and accessible volume traces the development of the movement and explores its key concepts, including: * pollution * wilderness * apocalypse * dwelling * animals * earth.
Featuring a newly rewritten chapter on animal studies, and considering queer and postcolonial ecocriticism and the impact of globalisation, this fully updated second edition also presents a glossary of terms and suggestions for further reading in print and online.
Concise, clear, and authoritative, Ecocriticism offers the ideal introduction to this crucial subject for students of literary and cultural studies.
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 240 pages
- Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
- Publication Date: 15/07/2011
- Category: Literary studies: general
- ISBN: 9780415667869 | <urn:uuid:d6ce5ee4-9e67-49f4-9294-e95f189fbd9b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hive.co.uk/Product/Greg-Garrard/Ecocriticism/965232 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00325-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.827294 | 233 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Patricia Stahn, Hubert H. Lim, Marius P. Hinsberger, Katharina Sorg, Lukas Pillong, Marc Kannengießer, Cathleen Schreiter, Hans-Jochen Foth, Achim Langenbucher, Bernhard Schick & Gentiana I. Wenzel
Scientific Reportsvolume 9, Article number: 4171 (2019)
Hearing impairment is one of the most common sensory deficits in humans. Hearing aids are helpful to patients but can have poor sound quality or transmission due to insufficient output or acoustic feedback, such as for high frequencies. Implantable devices partially overcome these issues but require surgery with limited locations for device attachment. Here, we investigate a new optoacoustic approach to vibrate the hearing organ with laser stimulation to improve frequency bandwidth, not requiring attachment to specific vibratory structures, and potentially reduce acoustic feedback. We developed a laser pulse modulation strategy and simulated its response at the umbo (1–10 kHz) based on a convolution-based model. We achieved frequency-specific activation in which non-contact laser stimulation of the umbo, as well as within the middle ear at the round window and otic capsule, induced precise shifts in the maximal vibratory response of the umbo and neural activation within the inferior colliculus of guinea pigs, corresponding to the targeted, modelled and then stimulated frequency. There was also no acoustic feedback detected from laser stimulation with our experimental setup. These findings open up the potential for using a convolution-based optoacoustic approach as a new type of laser hearing aid or middle ear implant. | <urn:uuid:6f65b89b-9613-444e-a89e-5776774cd75f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.singerinstruments.com/citation/frequency-specific-activation-of-the-peripheral-auditory-system-using-optoacoustic-laser-stimulation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.886981 | 342 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The Cox Performing Arts Center, at Utah Tech, hosts many artistic productions. They asked T.V.S. Pro to implement high quality switching…
Digital Signage is a significant tool that can be deployed to increase student, customer, and employee engagement and awareness in unique and creative ways. This relatively new marketing channel can display static information as well as provide current/updated, relevant, and even interactive messaging. Digital signage has become commonly seen at airports, medical centers, restaurant & fast food places, retail stores, and more. No matter the business you’re in, digital signage can enhance and update your communication efforts while providing aid to visitors and complementing your existing environment design.
Commonly seen at airports, displays are used to show flight information or help direct travelers to correct gates. Similarly, in retail centers like malls, signage is used to help shoppers find the stores they want by displaying maps or inform them of the latest sales. In fast food places it’s common to see menu options and meals offered. Flat panel displays are the most commonly seen in today’s world, but larger video walls and direct view LED walls are quickly becoming more popular. Regardless of your environment, if you’re looking for a way to enhance visitors experiences, informational displays can help – and we’re here to help you easily implement them!
Although not as commonly seen as static or rotational informational displays, interactive displays are found in todays shopping malls, medical facilities, educational centers, and more. For example, wayfinding displays with interactive and/or touch-screen maps are highly useful in shopping centers, or for patients trying to locate their doctor at a medical facility. In learning environments such as museums or zoos, touch-screen kiosks can help captivate attention and educate visitors with exciting visuals and sounds. If you’re looking to provide a step-up for your visitors, interactive digital signage is the way to go!
No matter the type of digital signage you desire, we can provide effective solutions that will keep your students, visitors, customers, and employees engaged with eye-catching visuals. Systems can be designed for a single-screen standalone system in one location. Or, a system can be designed for a much larger-scale application that spans multiple displays, campuses, or even multiple locations. For larger systems, enabling cloud services can deploy new content, run health checks, and provide diagnostic and troubleshooting tools to help ensure everything continues to run properly. Contact us today to help you design the perfect solution for your environment!
Dan Austin, AV Sales and Design of TVS Pro, has helped design and install the AV systems in all All Star Bowling & Entertainment locations.. | <urn:uuid:b7ddf4a1-d574-4a92-b570-d9d969b40f70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tvsproslc.com/digital-signage-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.92306 | 551 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Food smells and wasps
The smell from food brings wasps into close contact with us thus increasing the chance of being stung. There are simple steps you can take to reduce this risk to a minimum. Things to consider changing relate to food preparation, food storage, food display, eating and rubbish disposal. You can very easily decrease the numbers of wasps entering your kitchen and there are vital measures to take when you are eating out-of-doors. You may find it difficult to follow every piece of advice below at first, but as you see the success of using a few measures I hope you will want to add your own solutions to these ideas.
Close windows and outside doors during food preparation especially when cooking as the steam will carry food aroma out of the house quickly. If an open window is essential due to steam build up then only have it open a small amount. On cool or rainy days you will find less wasp interest in your food smells so you can try opening windows or doors. If a wasp gets in, deal with the situation immediately.
Food that is not in the fridge should be in tightly covered containers. Keep ripe fruit in the fridge and keep less fruit on the fruit bowl than usual. Empty your food waste in the compost regularly but wait until cool parts of the day to do this if there are wasps around the compost bin. Wasps will take little interest in a clean, firmly closed dustbin with little food waste in it. Keep your dustbin away from the back door in hot weather. Cover or clear up pet food.
Either don’t use cans or dark bottles (which may conceal a wasp) or keep them covered between mouthfuls. Boxed drinks with a straw are safer for children. Sugary or sweet smelling drinks like fruit juice and beer will attract wasps – so avoid or cover them, especially when the drink is unattended.
Eat indoors if there are wasps in the vicinity! Check drink and food for wasps before each mouthful! Keep food and rubbish in tightly covered containers. Throwing away food crumbs “For the birds” increases the likelihood of wasp sting on another occasion. Shake outdoor rugs before storing.
Take care near bottle banks as the sweet smell from remains of food and drink attracts wasps. Wash glass for recycling before you store it for the next trip to the bottle bank. | <urn:uuid:778fd5a9-8c49-4a96-8fbf-28cbccc24b79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://waspsite.info/prevention/food-smells | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.955792 | 502 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Professor and Department Chair, School of Education, William and Mary University, Virginia; CUEL Faculty Affiliate for Research and Development (Continuous Improvement and Leader Development). Dr. Talbott is a mixed-methods researcher with content expertise related to evidence-based assessment and intervention for children and youth with emotional, behavioral, and learning disabilities. Her current research is focused on the uptake of evidence by school leaders and school and community intervention teams to serve youth with mental health problems and disabilities.
Talbott serves as public policy chair for the Council of Exceptional Children’s Division for Research and regularly advocates for children and youth with disabilities on Capitol Hill. Recently, Rep. Danny Davis (D-IL, 7th) and Senator Dick Durbin (D-IL) included Talbott’s recommendations for school trauma-informed services in their bipartisan, bicameral bill, the RISE from Trauma Act. | <urn:uuid:df5259b6-6744-490e-a992-9e5704a37a6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://urbanedleadership.org/about-us/cuel-team/dr-elizabeth-betsy-talbott/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.944994 | 196 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Looking for a machine control system but still having doubts about the operating costs? You’ve come to the right place! This article discusses factors affecting machine control systems’ acquisition and operating costs.
The prices of machine control systems depend on a few factors. The first of these is the type of the machine control system, i.e., whether it is a 2D or 3D system. 3D machine control systems, which utilize satellite positioning, have a higher acquisition cost than 2D systems, which are used without satellite positioning.
The acquisition cost also depends on the system components selected. For example, Xsite® EASY, which is Xsite’s basic excavator system for measuring depth, has a lower acquisition cost than the Xsite® PRO 2D machine control system.
Xsite® PRO 2D has a touchscreen and can be upgraded to a 3D machine control system just by adding satellite positioning devices.
Of course, the type of machine on which the system is to be installed also affects the cost. For instance, it determines the number of required sensors and the type of the satellite positioning antennas.
Factors affecting the acquisition cost of the machine control system:
- System type (2D or 3D, i.e., with or without satellite positioning)
- Machine type (e.g., excavator, wheel loader, bulldozer)
- Accessories (e.g., joystick integration, laser receiver)
Correction signal for positioning
In order for the positioning accuracy of a 3D machine control system to be sufficient for earthwork (+/- 2 cm), the system needs a correction signal. A correction signal can be obtained either from a base station or via network correction (virtual reference station (VRS) service).
2D machine control systems do not require a correction signal, as they do not use the positioning.
The Xsite® PRO 3D machine control system is compatible with base stations and network correction services provided by other industry operators (e.g., Leica SmartNet and Geotrim Trimnet). The cost of the network correction service always depends on the selected service provider’s prices. Your local dealer can provide more information on the network correction service.
Wireless data transfer/SIM card
In 3D machine control, wireless data transfer is used for purposes such as transferring machine control models and as-built points between the office and machine control system. For wireless data transfer, the system requires a SIM card with a data subscription (we recommend a 4G subscription). The SIM card is installed in the computer unit of the machine control system, where it enables a remote connection, the use of a VRS service, and other functions.
The Xsite machine control systems support all of the most popular operators, giving you a wide range of choices.
*No SIM card is required for 2D machine control.
Machine control models (3D models)
The construction plans, also known as 3D models, used in the 3D machine control system should also be taken into account in the costs. In bigger projects, the responsibility for creating the machine control models is usually allocated at the tendering stage of the project. It is common practice that the production of the 3D models is the responsibility of either the client or the main contractor, depending on the size of the site.
If you carry out smaller contracts, such as foundations for detached houses, you can also order the required machine control models from an engineering office. The cost of machine control models based on paper plans is generally quite moderate.
To find out what kind of sites are ideal for 3D machine control and how to order machine control models, see our blog here»
Factors affecting machine control system operating costs:
- Correction signal for positioning (VRS service or base station)
- Local maintenance or service contracts
- Possible 3D modeling services
- Data subscription
The benefits of machine control outweigh the costs
Regardless of whether you decide to purchase a 2D or 3D machine control system, based on over 30 years of experience, we can assure you that the benefits of a machine control system will soon exceed the investment cost.
- Reduced material costs – cutting 5 cm less can save thousands of euros operator’s work becomes easier and faster operator can work more independently site foreperson does not need to be on hand to instruct the operator
- 3D machine control halves the turnaround time compared to the traditional method
- The use of machine control models helps avoid unnecessary site visits
- At house or road construction sites, the models show exactly where the masses should go – no need to store any masses on the ground
- With 3D machine control, the masses can be shaped already at the excavation stage to a place where they are not in the way
- There will be no unnecessary steps in the work process, as the right surface level can be achieved the first time | <urn:uuid:aeff3ab2-3402-4a31-9e5b-c569323704fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://xsitemachinecontrol.com/the-costs-of-excavator-machine-control/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.904379 | 1,009 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Abstract The electronic and optical properties of rock-salt gallium nitride (GaN) have been investigated using the first principles method based on the plane–wave basis set. Analysis of band structure suggests that the rock-salt GaN is a middle gap indirect semiconductor with the conduction band minimum and the valence band maximum locating at X point and Σ direction respectively. Within the screen-exchange local density approximation, the bandgap is predicted to be 1.83 eV. The optical properties including dielectric function, reflectivity, absorption and energy-loss function with some special features are obtained and analyzed. The calculated pressure coefficients of the indirect bandgaps at Γ, X and L points are very small, with the value of the smallest indirect bandgap determined to be 26 meV/GPa. | <urn:uuid:93447217-e469-4728-a1cb-08a002afd5d8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/736c6f0675c04f03256bfd9e6f2bcd48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00538-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905746 | 169 | 2.546875 | 3 |
If all goes as planned, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit will soon have a new Circuit Rule 41.3—the rule describing the effect of granting rehearing en banc. But because the rule change is narrowly tailored to remedy the result in a highly unusual case—one where the court has a quorum to take a case en banc but subsequently loses the quorum before the en banc proceeding—the new amendment is unlikely to have much practical effect.
The Proposed Change
Currently, Rule 41.3 consists of just one sentence: "Unless otherwise expressly provided, the granting of rehearing en banc vacates the panel opinion and judgment of the court and stays the mandate." A recently-proposed amendment, however, would add the following qualifier to that rule:
If, after voting a case en banc, the court lacks a quorum to act on the case for 30 consecutive days, the case is automatically returned to the panel, the panel opinion is reinstated as an unpublished (and hence nonprecedential) opinion, and the mandate is released. To act on a case, the en banc court must have a quorum consisting of a majority of the en banc court as defined in 28 U.S.C. § 46(c).1
Court Likely Motivated by Global Warming Class Action
Although the court gave no reason for the amendment, the change is likely being made in response to the events surrounding last year's global warming class action, Comer v. Murphy Oil USA.2 Comer attracted a good deal of attention—not the least of which from industry—and for good reason.3 If plaintiffs could bring causes of action based on the theory of global warming, carbon-producing industries would face untold sums in tort liability exposure. All this in a circuit home to a number of the world's largest oil companies,4 as well as its fair share of natural disasters.5 In Comer, a class of plaintiffs who owned property along the Mississippi gulf coast sued a plethora of major oil companies, alleging a chain of causation by which the companies all emitted greenhouse gases, which purportedly caused climate change. The climate change in turn allegedly caused Hurricane Katrina, which caused damage to the plaintiffs' property.6 The district court found that the plaintiffs lacked standing to sue and dismissed the case.7 A panel of the Fifth Circuit reversed.8 Writing for the panel, Judge James L. Dennis (with whom Judge Carl E. Stewart joined) held that plaintiffs had standing to sue on their public and private nuisance, trespass, and negligence claims.9 Judge W. Eugene Davis concurred.10 Before the mandate issued, however, a majority of the Fifth Circuit voted to consider the case en banc.11 Soon afterward, the court informed the parties that, although the court had a quorum at the time of the en banc vote, it no longer had a quorum.12 Under the court's interpretation of Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 35(a) and 28 U.S.C. § 46(d), the quorum-less court could no longer hear the case.13More significantly for the Comer plaintiffs, because the panel decision had already been vacated by operation of the vote to take the case en banc,14 the lack of a quorum to hear the case before the en banc court meant that the district court's opinion was effectively reinstated—in spite of its reversal by the panel.15 Such was the interpretation of a majority of the court, which released an order dismissing the appeal.16 Judges Davis and Stewart dissented, arguing that the court was not as constrained by Rule 41.3 as the majority asserted and lamenting that "[t]he dismissal of this appeal based on a local rule has the effect of depriving appellants of their right to an appeal and allows the local rule to trump federal statutes."17 Judge Dennis, who issued his own dissent, would have found that there was a proper en banc quorum to hear the case under Rule 35(a) and 28 U.S.C. § 46(d).18 The Comer plaintiffs saw their Fifth Circuit victory vanish by operation of Rule 41.3. And, without any means for an appeal before a quorum-less Fifth Circuit, their only recourse was to the U.S. Supreme Court. Ultimately, though, the Supreme Court denied mandamus relief.19 Predictably, the result in Comer drew reactions from court observers.20
Under the New Rule, the Court Would Have Heard the Comer Appeal
Unfortunately for the Comer plaintiffs, the court's new rule will have no impact on the outcome of their now-defunct case. Had the new Rule 41.3 been in effect, however, Comer would have come out quite differently. Under the rule in place during Comer, the panel opinion was automatically and irrevocably vacated when a majority of the court voted to consider the case en banc.21 Under the proposed new version of the rule, taking the case en banc still vacates the panel opinion, but it does so only temporarily, or at least the vacating of the panel opinion is revocable.22 Under the proposed rule, if at any time after the court votes to take the case en banc it loses a quorum for 30 consecutive days (as presumably would have been the case in Comer), the panel opinion is automatically reinstated—albeit as an unpublished and therefore non-precedential opinion.23 Thus, the dilemma present in Comer—where a quorum-less court could not take the affirmative action necessary to reinstate the vacated panel opinion—is to be solved by providing for reinstatement automatically by operation of the court's local rule.
The New Rule 41.3 Is Unlikely to Have Much Impact
The situation addressed by the proposed amendment is unlikely to crop up often. The new rule would only have an impact in a situation like that encountered inComer—i.e., the en banc court must be confronted with the highly unusual circumstance where it has a quorum when it votes to take a case en banc, but subsequently loses that quorum at some point before the en banc court can issue a decision. Before the quorum-less court issued its order dismissing the appeal in Comer, it asked the parties for letter briefs addressing the effect of the loss of a quorum.24 Tellingly, none of the parties could point to a case anywhere where an en banc court had a quorum to vote to take a case en banc and then subsequently lost that quorum before it could hear the case. In the end, then, the proposed amendment to Rule 41.3 is designed to rectify a situation that is unlikely to come up again often, if it will ever come up again at all.
Fifth Circuit's Definition of Quorum Remains Unchanged
Of greater significance than what the court is proposing to do is what the court is not proposing to do. Although the Fifth Circuit is showing a willingness to alter the rule governing when and how panel opinions are vacated by an en banc vote in exceptional cases like Comer, it has given no indication that it is rethinking how it defines a quorum. Indeed, the court's proposed amendment to Rule 41.3 in the wake of Comer hints that it is sticking to its old definition. The Fifth Circuit takes a restrictive view of 28 U.S.C. § 46(d)'s requirement that "[a] majority of the number of judges authorized to constitute a court or panel thereof, as provided in [28 U.S.C. § 46(c)] shall constitute a quorum."25 Under the court's interpretation of Section 46(d), a quorum consists of a majority of the total number of active judges on the court. Should any active judges recuse themselves in a particular case, there is no effect on the denominator of the quorum determination. A few examples are helpful. The Fifth Circuit currently has sixteen active judges. If five of them were to recuse themselves, it would still take nine judges to constitute a quorum to hear a case en banc. If eight of the 16 active judges currently on the court were recused—even if the other eight all wanted to take a case en banc—there could be no en banc quorum to vote to take the case26 or to decide it.27 Counsel for the oil companies in Comer took the position that an en banc quorum for purposes of U.S.C. § 46(d) meant only a majority of those judges who were actually able to sit on the court—i.e., that for purposes of calculation, the court should not include recused judges in the denominator.28 Given the way the case turned out, there is some irony in the fact that it was the oil companies arguing for this interpretation of Section 46(d), while counsel for the plaintiffs argued for the restrictive definition.29 One plausible explanation is that counsel for both parties discounted the effect of the current version of Rule 41.3, which effectively delivered the oil companies the result they sought without the court sitting en banc. In any event, Judge Dennis, too, took the view that the court's definition of quorum in Section 46(d) was too restrictive.30 Judge Dennis made a textual argument for the broader approach.31 By finding that it lacked an en banc quorum, the Comer court necessarily took the more restrictive definition requiring a majority of the court's active judges with recused judges counting against the majority.32 Had the court concluded otherwise, there would have been no need to debate whether the vacated panel opinion stayed vacated or whether it could be revived because there would have been an en banc quorum to decide the case. And, were the court inclined today to take the broader approach to quorum, there would seemingly be no need for its more limited amendment to Rule 41.3. If the Fifth Circuit had announced a new Local Rule 35(a) taking the more liberal approach to what constitutes an en banc quorum in 28 U.S.C. § 46(d), thatwould have been notable. Although both changes would have prevented Comer from ending the way it did, unlike the proposed change to Rule 41.3, the quorum change would sweep beyond the precise circumstances in Comer. After all, the new addition to Rule 41.3 requires an unusual combination of events to occur in order to have any impact: there needs to be the unlikely two-step of (1) having a quorum at the time the court votes to consider a case en banc, and then (2) not having a quorum to actually consider the case en banc.33 By contrast, for a broader definition of quorum to matter, only one of those features—a court lacking a quorum under the court's current definition—would need to occur.
The Fifth Circuit is proposing to make a limited change to how and when the granting of en banc review will vacate panel opinions. To be sure, the proposed amendment to Rule 41.3 will prevent future Comers by ensuring that the panel opinion can be reinstated automatically should an en banc court ever lose its quorum. But the amendment to the rule is not calculated to make a significant difference in your practice. Marie R. Yeates is a partner in the appellate group at Vinson & Elkins LLP in Houston, Texas. From 1980 to 1981, she served as a law clerk to the Hon. Alvin B. Rubin of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.Eric A. White is an associate in the appellate group at Vinson & Elkins LLP in Houston, Texas. From 2009 to 2010, he served as a law clerk to the Hon. Jerry E. Smith of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. © 2011 Vinson & Elkins LLP. Disclaimer This document and any discussions set forth herein are for informational purposes only, and should not be construed as legal advice, which has to be addressed to particular facts and circumstances involved in any given situation. Review or use of the document and any discussions does not create an attorney-client relationship with the author or publisher. To the extent that this document may contain suggested provisions, they will require modification to suit a particular transaction, jurisdiction or situation. Please consult with an attorney with the appropriate level of experience if you have any questions. Any tax information contained in the document or discussions is not intended to be used, and cannot be used, for purposes of avoiding penalties imposed under the United States Internal Revenue Code. Any opinions expressed are those of the author. The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. and its affiliated entities do not take responsibility for the content in this document or discussions and do not make any representation or warranty as to their completeness or accuracy.
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Notify me when new releases are available (no standing order will be created) | <urn:uuid:04b2531a-17e3-44e2-a839-c470a1ef2ec6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.bna.com/comer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00463-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951204 | 3,067 | 2.046875 | 2 |
WY state educators visit NWSC
On January 15th , a group of 23 Wyoming teachers, administrators and legislators visited the NCAR-Wyoming Supercomputing Center. The educators were visiting as part of the S5S Policy Summit, an opportunity for school district representatives to come together to share best practices and vision for the education system.
During the visit the group met with representatives from CISL and SciEd, who presented them with teaching resources and ideas on how to incorporate computational science concepts into their curriculum. Also presenting were members of the University of Wyoming Math & Computer Science Departments, and the WY STEM Outreach Program.
State Superintendent of Public Instruction Jillian Balow said, "We knew we wanted to show our educators the best Cheyenne has to offer while they were here for our policy summit, and the NWSC did not disappoint. The technology sector is vital to Wyoming's future and a visit to the NWSC revealed the amazing work already being done and the opportunities our youth have right in our own backyard."
For more information: | <urn:uuid:82b08308-8b8a-435e-8a21-74e117bbf863> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www2.cisl.ucar.edu/news/wy-state-educators-visit-nwsc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.960506 | 216 | 1.984375 | 2 |
As part of Climate Scorecard Report #17 we asked our Country Managers to provide a list of organizations in their countries that might help support our 2020 Campaign. Over the next several months we hope to explore whether the organizations listed below, and others, are interested in supporting the Campaign and implementing the recommendations provided by our Country Managers in Report #16.
The Korean Federation for Environmental Movement (KFEM)
KFEM identifies itself as “a civic environmental organization that takes progressive actions to support core values of life, peace, ecology, and bottom-up participation in harmony with Mother Nature.” KFEM has its historical origin in the Anti-Pollution Movement Conference since 1984. Later in 1993, eight nationwide groups built up one concrete association, entitled KFEM. The Association is composed of 5,000 different organizations and 200 million members.
KWON Tae-sun, LEE Chul-soo, CHANG Jae-yeon
Address: 23, Pirundae-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea 110-806
Korea Environment Institute (KEI)
KEI is a public research institute focusing on environmental policies. It was originally founded in January 1993 as the Korea Environmental Technology Research Institute (KETRI). The organization was reformed and expanded in 1997 to become KEI. KEI aims at preventing and solving environmental problems through environmental policy research and reviews of environmental impact assessments.
President: YOON Je Yong
Address: 8F~11F, Bldg B, 370 Sicheong-daero, Sejong, 30147, South Korea
Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute (KEITI)
KEITI is a quasi-governmental organization affiliated with the Ministry of Environment of South Korea. KEITI’s seeks to establish national environmental R&D plans and to facilitate the development and commercialization of cutting-edge green technologies. It is a legal organization made up of large corporations and medium-sized enterprises.
Address: 15F, Central Tower, 38, Seosomun-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea 04505
Mail: E-mail. email@example.com
Ministry of Environment (MOE)
The MOE seeks to protect South Korea from threats of environmental pollution and improve the quality of life for the public so that people can enjoy ambient natural environment, clean water, and clear skies. Furthermore, it aims to contribute to the global efforts to protect the Earth. The tasks of the MOE include enactment and amendment of environmental laws and regulations; drafting and implementation of comprehensive measures for environmental conservation; providing administrative and financial support for environmental management to local governments; inter-Korean environmental cooperation; and environmental cooperation with other countries.
Minister: CHO Myung-rae
Address: Government Complex-Sejong, 11, Doum 6-Ro, Sejong, 30103, South Korea | <urn:uuid:bd1565b5-5335-40e2-af00-9667de357278> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.climatescorecard.org/2019/09/south-korea-organizations-nominated-to-support-the-2020-campaign/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.865175 | 801 | 1.875 | 2 |
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Isolation of Acinetobacter baumannii Complex and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Hospital Rooms Following Terminal Cleaning and Disinfection: Can We Do Better?
Farrin A. Manian MD MPH, Sandra Griesenauer RNMSN, Diane Senkel RN, Janice M. Setzer RN, Sara A. Doll RN, Annie M. Perry >RN and Michelle Wiechens RN
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
Vol. 32, No. 7 (July 2011), pp. 667-672
Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/660357
Page Count: 6
Preview not available
Objective. To study the frequency of isolation of Acinetobacter baumannii complex (ABC) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from surfaces of rooms newly vacated by patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) ABC following various rounds of routine terminal cleaning and disinfection (C/D) with bleach or 1 round of C/D followed by hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) treatment.Setting. A 900-bed tertiary care hospital.Methods. ABC and MRSA cultures were obtained from hospital rooms including 312 rooms (mean, 18.3 sites/room) following 4 rounds of C/D, 37 rooms (mean, 20 sites/room) following 1 round of C/D before and after HPV treatment, and 134 rooms (mean, 20 sites/room) following 1 round of C/D and HPV treatment.Results. Following 4 rounds of C/D, 83 (26.6%) rooms had 1 or more culture-positive sites; 102 (1.8%) sites in 51 (16.4%) rooms grew ABC, and 108 (1.9%) sites in 44 (14.1%) rooms grew MRSA. The addition of HPV treatment to 1 round of C/D resulted in a significant drop in ABC- and MRSA-positive room sites (odds ratio, 0 [95% confidence interval, 0–0.8]; for both organisms). Following 1 round of C/D and HPV treatment, 6 (4.5%) rooms were culture-positive for ABC, MRSA, or both.Conclusions. Routine terminal C/D of hospital rooms vacated by MDRABC-positive patients may be associated with a significant number of ABC- or MRSA-positive room surfaces even when up to 4 rounds of C/D are performed. The addition of HPV treatment to 1 round of C/D appears effective in reducing the number of persistently contaminated room sites in this setting.
© 2011 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:d0768b42-f985-4df5-b574-f433a0fec30e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/660357 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00539-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.884087 | 622 | 2.09375 | 2 |
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Our Terms of Service and Privacy Policies have changed. By logging in, you agree to our updated Terms and Policies. | <urn:uuid:9f571181-62ba-4f8a-8574-dbf34bbec316> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.curriki.org/oer/Anchor-Chart-for-How-to-Write-a-Story/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00127-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.887352 | 66 | 2.109375 | 2 |
When Daryl Hannah decorates Charlie Sheen’s apartment in Oliver Stone’s 1987 movie Wall Street, she whips up a quintessential postmodernist pastiche. The faux-ruined walls and clashing colours personify the aspirations of the nouveaux riches, a shallow world of image and artifice. In a rare moment of design slapstick, Michael Douglas (as Gordon Gecko) puts his drink on the coffee table and it falls through – he thinks there’s glass there. You can hear the modernists tutting. With its deceptive surfaces and furniture that doesn’t do what it’s supposed to, postmodernism is not just the backdrop to but a metaphor for unbridled capitalism, where a plump balance sheet conceals all manner of sins and where marble-effect plastic laminate hides chipboard. But was postmodernism really so bad?
Already we’re in cliche territory. If there were a critic’s rulebook, it would stipulate the need to begin any piece on postmodernism with a pop culture reference and a tone of moral ambivalence. That mandatory disapproval is based not so much on the carnival of bad taste that romped through the 1970s and 80s, but on the fact that this bad taste was only skin deep. For, according to the standard reading, postmodernism was fickle and ironic, obsessed with style for its own sake. Where modernism was about high-minded notions such as essence and truth to materials, perhaps even a social agenda, postmodernism was about surfaces and signs. As Fredric Jameson put it in his brilliant Postmodernism: Or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism, “it is like the transition from precious metals to the credit card”.
With a major retrospective of postmodernism opening at the V&A Museum later this month, the question is whether we have anything new to say about this phenomenon. Will the show reinforce old cliches, or will it manage to capture some of postmodernism’s complexity? One of the awkward things about the postmodernists was that few of their leading lights actually wanted to be one. Ettore Sottsass, arguably the godfather of postmodernist design, felt that it was an American architectural movement. And in some ways he was right. In architecture, the agenda was set across the Atlantic, by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown’s embracing of Las Vegas neon, by the historicist references of Michael Graves, the vertiginous corporate lobbies of John Portman and the assemblage style of Frank Gehry’s house. But in design, the main impetus came from Europe. There were exceptions, such as the American Peter Shire, whose Bel Air chair does a fair impression of a cornice abusing a beach ball. But when Sottsass founded the Memphis group in Milan in 1981, along with Michele De Lucchi and Marco Zanini and others, he unleashed postmodernist design’s boldest force.
Memphis was garish and irreverent, trawling history for allusions and splattering them with previously unthinkable patterns. It was a self-conscious riposte to modernism’s steel-tube sobriety. Martine Bedine’s Super lamp was like a child’s toy, part ferris wheel, part puppy on a leash. Sottsass’s Casablanca sideboard has something Aztec about it, and that kind of arbitrary reference was pure postmodernism – it might be neo-Mesopotamian, like Sottsass’s 1972 Lapislazzuli teapot, or neo-art deco primitivism like the 1982 Murmansk fruit bowl.
But what Memphis is chiefly remembered for is the plastic laminate that gave these pieces their dizzying visual effect. Thanks to this emphasis on shock-and-awe surfaces, it has become common to suggest that Memphis products were designed merely to look good in photographs – that it was mediatised furniture for an image economy. Jameson made the same point about postmodern architecture. This may be true, although in Memphis’ case I’m not sure it was as conscious as that. Certainly, news of Memphis travelled fast – influencing some of the worst design of recent times – but Memphis itself was never a commercial success. The only people who seemed to do well out of it were Abet Laminati, the Italian laminates company that produced the riotous veneers Sottsass and co made all the rage.
The problem with the conventional reading of Memphis as ironic, mediatised furniture was that Sottsass, at least, was not that cynical. A romantic, he believed that domestic objects could take on an almost sacred quality. A truer postmodernist was his compatriot Alessandro Mendini, who had established the Studio Alchimia group even before Memphis. Sharing none of Sottsass’s optimism, Mendini was much more the ironist and iconoclast, seizing the opportunity to break all of design’s rules – such as originality. His Proust armchair, a baroque confection daubed in pointillist brushstrokes, crosses furniture with an impressionist painting. He once described it to me as “hermaphrodite design” – nothing is his except the act of creating a hybrid. It was literate, sophisticated and meant as a joke.
Just as architectural postmodernism descended into the pejorative “PoMo”, with pastiches such as Philip Johnson’s AT&T building (which crossed a skyscraper with a Chippendale cabinet), so postmodernist design fell into gimmicky merchandising. Mendini was a key culprit, with his toy-like Anna G corkscrew for Alessi, shaped like a woman in a dress. Even more literal was Michael Graves’s kettle, also for Alessi, with its whistling plastic bird perched on the spout. Abandoning the old form-and-function dogma, design embraced its new nature as kitsch – kitsch that still sells rather well today, we might add.
From here, the link to pop and street culture is an easy one, and the V&A retrospective promises to regale us with instances of where postmodernist design culture simply became popular culture. Hip-hop sampling, Peter Saville’s New Order record covers, Grace Jones’s eclectic styling and the Levi’s ad in which Nick Kamen strips off in a launderette are all claimed as a groundswell of the postmodern ethos. There’s a good theoretical basis for a lot of that, but it threatens to confuse postmodernism with 1980s popular culture generally – and resuscitating Neneh Cherry as a postmodern icon feels like the 80s revival run amok.
In fact, revivalism seems to be one of the permanent legacies of postmodernism. Retro has become a perpetual condition. You can see it in ultra-conservative magazine design and referential fashion statements. If chameleon style-shifters such as Madonna and Grace Jones are postmodernists, then so is Lady Gaga. What is Apple if not neo-modernism, a revival of the minimalism preached by Dieter Rams and the Ulm design school in the 1960s? And the image economy (if that really is a Memphis legacy) is now so advanced that designers publish computer-generated images of work that is not only skin-deep, but doesn’t even exist. In architecture, meanwhile, PoMo didn’t die so much as find itself exported to the new bastions of turbo-capitalism: mirrored glass (and the lack of financial transparency that goes with it) abounds in Moscow, while the towers with the funny crowns migrated to Dubai and Shanghai. The V&A ends the story in 1990 (well, shows have to end somewhere) but postmodernism is proving a difficult habit to kick. | <urn:uuid:4ba24f5e-01a2-473f-b13c-edf2e083bd09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://justinmcguirk.com/postmodernism | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.952763 | 1,685 | 1.757813 | 2 |
- The flooding has left 5 people dead and 8,000 in temporary shelters
- Tropical Cyclone Daphne is expected to pass to the south of Fiji
- The storm has deluged Fiji's biggest island with rain
- Travel in and out of the international airport has been disrupted
Severe flooding in the Pacific island nation of Fiji has killed five people and left about 8,000 others seeking shelter in evacuation centers, a government official said Tuesday.
Tropical Cyclone Daphne has lashed Fiji's largest and most populous island, Viti Levu, with strong winds and heavy rain.
The storm was expected to pass to the south of Fiji over the course of Tuesday. The Fiji Meteorological Service said it was maintaining its severe flood warning for "all major rivers, streams and low-lying areas" on the island.
Government officials, including Prime Minister Voreqe Bainimarama, toured the affected areas on Monday.
Sharon Smith Johns, the government's information secretary, said Tuesday that improving weather in some areas was allowing some Fijians to move back to their homes.
The extreme weather has disrupted both internal and external travel. Authorities on Sunday suspended inbound flights to Nadi International Airport because nearby roads were flooded. The suspension was lifted Monday but remained subject to review.
The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade has advised its country's citizens planning to fly into the airport "to reconsider their need to travel." | <urn:uuid:86bdc1dd-0916-4763-a274-1b697c0f3962> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/02/world/asia/fiji-floods/index.html?hpt=hp_t3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00160-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974939 | 297 | 1.796875 | 2 |
“Miracles” is a term used to define situations where our comprehension and knowledge does not explain what has happened. Many of the results in my 29 years as a technical researcher facilitating healings for a variety of illnesses were perceived as miracles by observers.
Some of my healing experiences were reported in the May 2008 edition of the International Journal of Healing and Caring (IJHC). The article “EXPERIENCES IN ENERGY HEALING AND LOVE BASED SPIRITUAL HEALING” is available at: www.ijhc.org. I wrote that article to help healthcare professionals and the public understand that we are all at a point where we can all learn to help facilitate miracles. In accomplishing your own “miracles”, it will soon become evident that you can truly accomplish change in yourself, others and our environment.
Most energy healing researchers today view the human system as a network of "subtle energy fields" composed of energetic particles. We are all made of energy particles that construct, energize and sustain the molecules, cells and atoms in our bodies. These particles can be adversely influenced by our experiences and eventually manifest in us as diseases or emotional disorders. It is within your power to readjust these energy particles to maximize your health.
We define Spiritual Healing as the assistance that a group of ordinary people energetically offers to someone’s subtle energy fields using a non contact healing method that employs Divine Love. To help you, we have developed the Divine Love Group Healing Process that can be used alone, with a friend, or in a large group environment. The Process is available gratis at: http://www.worldserviceinstitute.org/
Examples of Perceived Miracles
A woman requested an emergency meeting with a doctor I was visiting. The woman exhibited all the characteristics of a drunk. She literally staggered into the doctor’s office and bumped into the walls. We did a healing and noticed that within seconds the room had filled with the smell of formaldehyde. We recognized the smell and knew that she had been poisoned somehow. We asked her about her family; they were living in a mobile home and the husband and children were also exhibiting disorientation. During the cold weather (-20F) the heat was turned up in the trailer to the point that the adhesives in the walls broke down, contaminating the air which people then breathed. We immediately set up an emergency program for the neighborhood to provide healing for her family and other families in the trailer park. As soon as people went through the healing process, their bodies energetically released the formaldehyde and they became instantly well.
A man scheduled for a quadruple heart bypass came to me for assistance. I learned that as a navy corpsman, he was among the first to enter Nagasaki after the atomic bomb was dropped. He had been exposed to radiation and had also suffered a near breakdown because of the devastation he witnessed. Ten days after the healing, the hospital pronounced him completely recovered from heart disease.
A woman came to me for help, frustrated because she had terminal lung cancer and felt that “God was punishing her”. Following her healing, I asked her to wait 10 days for the healing to complete, after which she was pronounced completely well by a different cancer hospital.
We had just completed a Group Healing Training Program for a graduating class of physicians. Several hours later, one of the students collided with a truck and broke his collar bone, shoulder, ribs, left arm and leg and ankle, One rib penetrated a lung. The fractures of the arm and leg had multiple breaks in each limb which made setting them nearly impossible. He was in ICU and the prognosis for survival was not good. The Professor sponsoring the training program called me and asked what could be done. I indicated that a Group healing should be done by the students on their classmate. They met in the hospital and performed the ceremony as they had been taught in my course. Three days later the young doctor walked out of the hospital completely well; all body parts had realigned and healed
As we become educated on spiritual healing, miracles become accepted as an everyday occurrence. Through the Divine Love Group Healing Process, people can learn Group concepts to conduct spiritual healing on themselves and others.
While Group healing results are usually very impressive, those who participate in Group work quickly realize that they are part of an ongoing Divine miracle as the Creator uses us to achieve change in the world.
Bob enjoyed a 40-year career as a Professional Chemical Engineer and Business Manager.
In 1979 Bob formed a lifelong friendship with Marcel Vogel, a world renowned IBM scientist. Bob, Marcel and a team of dedicated professionals put together a research laboratory in San Jose, California. Once in place, the lab team began a scientific study of subtle energy healing principles.
Marcel, Bob and others doctors affiliated with the lab taught these emerging energy principles through experiential workshops to help people heal their lives and health problems. The key teachings were based upon recognizing that the Creator's love is real and is an energy that can be experienced in our lives to clear us of many problems in the human condition.
Bob formed World Service Institute as a nonprofit nondenominational teaching company to teach the general public to understand and respectfully apply Divine Love in resolving social and health problems.
Contact Bob at: firstname.lastname@example.org if you have questions or need help | <urn:uuid:e54bdb7a-ff52-45d2-9f42-17f18ebb6155> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/Spiritual_Healing_Miracles.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00557-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976081 | 1,111 | 1.695313 | 2 |
The Copperbelt is a region of Central Africa running through northern Zambia and the southern Democratic Republic of Congo known for copper mining. Traditionally, it refers to the mining regions of Zambia's Copperbelt Province (around the towns of Ndola, Kitwe, Chingola, Luanshya and Mufulira) and the Congo's Katanga Province with its major city at Lubumbashi. In some contexts the term may exclude the Congo entirely.
The Western discovery of copper in Zambia is owed partly to the celebrated American scout Frederick Russell Burnham, who in 1895 led and oversaw the massive Northern Territories (BSA) Exploration Co. expedition which established that major copper deposits existed in Central Africa. Along the Kafue River in then Northern Rhodesia, Burnham saw many similarities to copper deposits he had worked in the United States, and he encountered natives wearing copper bracelets. In his report to the British South Africa Company Burnham had this to say about the region:
About 200 miles north of the Falls on the Incalla river, and twelve miles from the Kafukwe (Ed: now known as the Kafue River) and still on the high plateau is probably one of the greatest copper fields on the continent. The natives have worked this ore for ages, as can be seen by their old dumps, and they work it to-day. The field is very extensive, and reaches away to Katanga... The natives inhabiting this part of the country are skilled workmen, and have traded their handiwork with all comers, even as far afield as the Portuguese of the West Coast and the Arabs of the East. These natives, being miners and workers of copper and iron, and being permanently located in the ground, would give the very element needed in developing these fields.
The increasing use of copper bids fair to make it one of the most valuable products a country can have.... The copper mines of Montana and Arizona have proven of more value than the gold mines, regardless of the fact that the copper had to be hauled two thousand miles by rail to the seaboard, and the coal and coke to smelt it hauled hundreds of miles to the mines. So far as natural difficulties are concerned, this northern field can be fed from the coal deposits of the valley of the Zambezi (Ed: Burnham had previously discovered the massive coal fields at Hwange), and the product shipped to the East Coast at a less expense than the product of Montana and Arizona can be laid on the dock at New York.
- Anvil Mining
- Domeyko Fault
- Camrose Resources Limited
- Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UMHK)
- Baxter, T.W.; E.E. Burke (1970). Guide to the Historical Manuscripts in the National Archives of Rhodesia. p. 67.
- Burnham, Frederick Russell (1926). Scouting on Two Continents. Doubleday, Page & company. pp. 2; Chapters 3 & 4. OCLC 407686.
- Burnham, Frederick Russell (1899). "Northern Rhodesia". In Wills, Walter H. Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia. Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. pp. 177–180.
- Juang, Richard M. (2008). Africa and the Americas: culture, politics, and history : a multidisciplinary encyclopedia, Volume 2 Transatlantic relations series. ABC-CLIO. p. 1157. ISBN 1-85109-441-5.
- Phillipson, D.W. (1974). "Iron Age History and Archaeology in Zambia". The Journal of African History. 15(1): 1–25 – via JSTOR.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to
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But put males of each species as far as six car-lengths away from females, and even in the darkness of midnight they easily find their way to mates from their own species while ignoring females from the other species. Today, the genes that keep the species sexually isolated are no longer a mystery, thanks to research from North Carolina State University and the University of Utah.
NC State entomologist Dr. Fred Gould says the study, published today in the online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, gives scientists a better understanding of how moths descended from a common ancestor and evolved distinctly different ways of communicating with mates.
Biologists have long been fascinated by the intricate way moths communicate through airborne chemicals known as sex pheromones. There are more than 100,000 species of moths, with each relying on its own unique pheromone blend, different in terms of the chemicals that make it up and the ratio of those chemicals. Females produce these precisely blended perfumes, and only males of their species respond to that sexual cue. Until now, scientists had a long list of potential genes and cellular molecules that could be responsible for each male finding only females of its own species.
In the PNAS paper, Gould and his collaborators explain how, through breeding, they moved a number of hypothesized sexual communication genes from Heliothis virescens, the budworm, into Heliothis subflexa, its close relative. They found that when they moved one specific small set of odorant receptor genes, the hybrid males understood and responded to the female budworm’s pheromones in the same way that true male budworms respond.
The scientists cross-bred the related moths in their Raleigh laboratory and studied the moths’ behavior in Utah wind tunnels, watching to see which pheromone blends attracted and repelled which offspring.
Then they inserted tiny electrodes into cells of the moths’ antennae and measured how neurons in the antennae responded to the pheromones of the two species. They found that in each male the antennae neurons’ response was largely controlled by which of the species’ receptor genes it had inherited.
“In the end, the finding that big changes in the moths’ responses to pheromones are controlled by such a small genetic change is a first step toward understanding how the thousands of moth species evolved,” Gould says.
The puzzle, or evolutionary paradox, has been that within each moth species “natural selection constantly acts against any female that makes a novel pheromone blend that isn’t recognized by males of its species,” Gould says. “And males that have a mutated receptor gene that recognizes an as-yet-unevolved pheromone will have a hard time finding a mate.”
This has led some to assume that a new moth species could evolve only if genetic changes occurred in the male and female at the same instant in evolutionary time – which is highly unlikely.
“In the narrow sense, the research is about the evolution of sexual communication and speciation,” Gould says. “But in a broader sense, it is about the evolution of what are sometimes called characteristics with irreducible complexity. Irreducible complexity is the idea that some traits are so complicated that there’s no way for them to have evolved by natural selection.
“Moths seem to possess an irreducibly complex mating system,” he says, “but perhaps the puzzle of how this system evolved has simply been difficult to solve.”
Gould and his colleagues hope that, armed with a new understanding of the male sexual communication genes plus knowledge of the female genes from previous studies, they may now be in a position to recreate the evolutionary events involved in moth speciation. That would finally solve the puzzle.
Dee Shore | EurekAlert!
Not of Divided Mind
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CRISPR meets single-cell sequencing in new screening method
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Researchers from the University of Hamburg in Germany, in collaboration with colleagues from the University of Aarhus in Denmark, have synthesized a new superconducting material by growing a few layers of an antiferromagnetic transition-metal chalcogenide on a bismuth-based topological insulator, both being non-superconducting materials.
While superconductivity and magnetism are generally believed to be mutually exclusive, surprisingly, in this new material, superconducting correlations...
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Among the general public, solar thermal energy is currently associated with dark blue, rectangular collectors on building roofs. Technologies are needed for aesthetically high quality architecture which offer the architect more room for manoeuvre when it comes to low- and plus-energy buildings. With the “ArKol” project, researchers at Fraunhofer ISE together with partners are currently developing two façade collectors for solar thermal energy generation, which permit a high degree of design flexibility: a strip collector for opaque façade sections and a solar thermal blind for transparent sections. The current state of the two developments will be presented at the BAU 2017 trade fair.
As part of the “ArKol – development of architecturally highly integrated façade collectors with heat pipes” project, Fraunhofer ISE together with its partners...
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Hi, i read something about synchronized keyword in Java, does synchronized method blocks the whole object, which
means i will not be able to use other methods in the same object ??
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Kumon Franchise Cost & Fees
Date of Incorporation: 1958
Franchising Since: 1958
U.S. Headquarters: Teaneck, New Jersey
Country of Origin: Japan
Business Description: Kumon North America, Inc., is a wholly owned subsidiary of Kumon Institute of Education Company, Ltd., a Japanese corporation. The Kumon Method is a mastery-based system in which excellence is determined through speed and accuracy. The Kumon Math and Reading curriculum worksheets are the essence of the Kumon Method. There are 22 math levels and 24 reading levels covering material ranging from pre-school to college level.
Franchise Offer: The franchisee will operate an after-school center that provides math and reading programs using the Kumon Method of learning. Children are given the opportunity to attend Kumon Centers twice each week throughout the year for approximately 20-30 minutes per subject and complete daily assignments at home on non-Center days.
Financial Assistance: The franchisor does not offer direct or indirect financing nor do they guarantee any promissory note, lease or other obligation the franchisee may make to others.
Training and Assistance: The franchisor will provide the Instructor Development Program. The program consists of two semesters with four courses in the first semester and two courses in the second semester. The franchisor currently estimates that it will take approximately four to five months to complete the first semester. The franchisee must complete the first semester of the Program to Kumon’s satisfaction in order to be offered a franchise. If the franchisee successfully completes the first semester of the Program and is awarded a franchise, he or she must attend the second semester of the Program. The second semester requires travel to Kumon University in Teaneck, New Jersey following the opening of the Center. After completion of the Temporary License Period, the franchisee must complete Ongoing Training, which continues for the term of the franchise. Kumon has the right to require the franchisee to attend supplemental training courses during the Program if determined he or she needs them.
Territory: The franchisee will not receive an exclusive territory within the Kumon franchise organization for the operation of the center(s). He or she may face competition from other franchisees, from centers owned by the franchisor, or from other channels of distribution or competitive brands controlled by the franchisor.
Term of Agreement and Renewal: The length of the initial term is five years. If the franchisee is in good standing and has met the requirements for renewal, he or she can renew the franchise agreement for additional five-year terms.
Obligations and Restrictions: If the franchisee is an individual, he or she must instruct the students personally. He or she must be at the center during all student sessions except in extraordinary circumstances of a personal nature. He or she must devote full-time to the operation of the Kumon franchise throughout the franchise relationship. The franchisee may offer only the Kumon Math and Reading programs, and only in accordance with the Kumon method, using only Kumon materials as the instruction manual and other instructional materials in the center. The franchisor must pre-approve the use of any additional services, programs and/or products developed for the center.
Estimated Number of Units: 25,385
|Name of Fee||Low||High|
|Training Agreement Deposit Fee||$500||$500|
|Expenses While Start-up Training (Instructor Development Program)||$4,410||$6,820|
|Initial Franchise Fee||$1,000 less, the $500 Deposit Fee if franchisee is obtaining their first Kumon Center.|
|Initial Purchase of Materials||$1,000||$1,000|
|Security Deposit, If Required||$0||$4,500|
|Furniture, Equipment, Primary Sign & Supplies||$0||$5,500|
|Notebook Computer at Kumon Center||$600||$1,500|
|Business License, Name Registration||$100||$200|
|Business Phone Line and Internet Access||$200||$400|
|Recommended Reading List||$2,550||$2,550|
|Fingerprinting, Criminal Background Check||$18||$60|
|Payroll Cost for Assistants (3 Months)||$3,750||$4,125|
|New Center Marketing||$4,000||$6,000|
|Additional Funds (3 Months)||$13,500||$18,000|
|Type of Fee||Amount|
Initial Enrollment Royalty Fee: For each reporting month, $15 times the number of newly enrolled students.
Monthly Royalty During Temporary License Period (TLP): $36 times the number of full-payment students enrolled, and $18 times the number of partially exempt and/or prorated tuition students for each Subject-Franchise.
Monthly Royalty after Completing the TLP: $32 times the number of full-paying students enrolled, and $16 times the number of partially exempt and/or prorated tuition students for each Subject-Franchise.
The franchisee must allow Kumon to make monthly electronic debits to account equal to the amount owed.
|Administrative Fee for Late Payment||1.5% on the overdue amount each month or $75, whichever is higher.|
|Late Report Fee for Late Submission of Student Reports, Applications, and Tests||$200 per month for the first month the franchisee is late; $500 for the second month the franchisee is late; $1,000 the third month the franchisee is late with increments of $1,000 per month thereafter.|
|Insufficient Funds||$25 per EFT attempt that has insufficient funds to cover the amount owed.|
|Insurance||$4.32 per Math student per year.|
|Indemnification||Amount incurred by Kumon.|
|Shipping Costs for Materials||Charged on per-order basis.|
|Payments for "Chargeable Items" Purchased from Kumon||As stated on invoice.|
|Liquidated Damages— Termination by Franchisee Without Adequate Written Notice||Three times the average monthly royalty in the three months immediately prior to franchisee’s last day of operating the Center.|
|Temporary Transfer to Kumon||10% of then current amount of Kumon's recommended tuition multiplied by the number of students enrolled at the Center for so long as Kumon has assumed operation of the Center(s).|
|Advertising Contribution||At least the minimun amount set forth in the Operations Manual.|
The above information has been taken from the FDD of Kumon. Year of FDD: 2015
Franchise Direct's Disclaimer
You may be interested in the following franchises... | <urn:uuid:001309fd-9e58-4c90-a96c-162dadffdb32> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.franchisedirect.com/directory/kumon/ufoc/908/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00533-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890324 | 1,442 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Of the more dry topics being discussed at the headquarters of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in London this week on the greenhouse gas (GHG) agenda is the subject of working arrangements, specifically how much working time is going to be made available for IMO to do its work and how quickly will the UN body be able to implement a GHG policy. The working arrangement debate has engendered some strong feelings from delegates at the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) this week with the Japanese MEPC chairman, Hideaki Saito, coming in for criticism.
In the debate yesterday, Saito overturned a majority of sovereign governments’ positions to develop a standing technical group which would enable IMO to fast-track work on GHG. Despite strong protests at his decision, he refused to change his mind with some furious delegates telling Splash his intransigence threatens the credibility of IMO itself on climate change if Saito does not respect the will of the majority of countries on this point today or tomorrow.
Saito instead ruled to keep the current practice of agreeing to additional meetings in an ad hoc way, something that some delegates claim is losing large amounts of time.
Discussions this week are meant to come up with urgent short-term measures to speed up shipping’s decarbonisation goals.
“The chair’s decision creates a major obstacle to the timely implementation of a GHG policy, and is deeply concerning given it was taken against the majority,” one IMO delegate told Splash on condition of anonymity.
There is a still a huge amount of work that needs to be progressed on the matter including debating and agreeing detailed policy measures that can achieve GHG reductions and carrying out impact assessments to understand how those policy measures might potentially create economic consequences on certain countries.
“This work clearly needs to be undertaken urgently and efficiently, but the IMO seems not to want to do that,” the source at IMO told Splash.
MEPC closes tomorrow.
People gonna rise like the water! ?? pic.twitter.com/8Ii24J7ewl
— Extinction Rebellion Youth (@XrYouth) May 13, 2019 | <urn:uuid:37385782-88d1-41d3-89ee-b6561c5d119a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://splash247.com/mepc-chairman-comes-in-for-criticism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.95174 | 446 | 1.546875 | 2 |
We studied hemiparasitism in Okoubaka aubrevillei Pellegr. & Normand (Santalaceae), an uncommon West African rainforest tree of widespread distribution (Ivory Coast to Zaire) which attains heights of up to 40 m. It has a very large seed (mean fresh mass of 101 g), and slow accumulation of biomass characteristic of seedlings of shade-tolerant rainforest trees. O. aubrevillei seedlings became hemiparasitic within 6 months when grown next to seedlings of the tree species Entandrophragma angolense (Wei.) DC., Pericopsis elata (Harms) Van Meeuwen, Pterygota macrocarpa K. Schum., and Tieghemella heckelii Pierre ex Chev. P. macrocarpa, and the nitrogen-fixing legume, P. elata were most infected. Characteristically for hemiparasites, midday leaf water potentials in O. aubrevillei were at – 2 MPa lower than those of the host seedlings. Stomatal conductance, however, was low, with a maximum of 111 mmol m2 s-1. After 1 yr, no significant effects of the hemiparasitism were observed on the growth of O. aubrevillei or on its nutrient status as measured by foliar element concentrations. By contrast, the two most infected host species showed increased mortality and/or reduced growth. Foliar element concentrations were not, however, affected in host plants of the surviving species. Although the resources of a large seed might enable seedlings of O. aubrevillei to grow independently from hosts for prolonged periods, their simultaneous strong effect on the mortality and growth of host seedlings might point to an alternative competitive function of hemiparasitism.
VEENENDAAL, E.M., ABEBRESE, I.K., WALSH, M.F. AND SWAINE, M.D. (1996). Root hemiparasitism in a West African rainforest tree Okoubaka aubrevillei (Santalaceae). New Phytologist. 134. pp. 487-493. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04366.x] | <urn:uuid:fd5f2c2a-48b4-409e-a91c-9dfbddd606e4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.gov.uk/dfid-research-outputs/root-hemiparasitism-in-a-west-african-rainforest-tree-okoubaka-aubrevillei-santalaceae | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00080-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.892375 | 494 | 2.53125 | 3 |
In its new V2 data center, Vantage Data Centers has taken design concepts pioneered by “Internet scale” server farms in remote locations, and implemented them in the heart of Silicon Valley. The result is a data center that matches the energy efficiency of Google’s facilities and uses elements of Facebook’s Open Compute Project, all within a multi-tenant campus in Santa Clara.
The V2 data center is delivering a Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of 1.12, placing it among the world’s most energy-efficient data centers, Vantage said today. The facility was fully pre-leased to an undisclosed customer, which worked closely with Vantage to customize the design from the ground up.
The two-story data center features a “penthouse” cooling system that uses the entire upper floor of the building as a plenum to process outside air for cooling servers, similar to the Open Compute design implemented by Facebook last year in its first data center in Prinevlle, Oregon.
V2 has an initial power capacity of 9 megawatts, but was designed for “vertical scalability” – the ability to double its capacity to 18 megawatts within the same physical footprint. This will allow the tenant to scale up its power density by refreshing its hardware and installing more powerful servers, as the existing cooling design is already optimized for the higher densities.
“V2 represents an entirely new data center vision, combining the option to lease space within a customized facility with the ability to grow within an existing building without disruption and with energy and operating expense savings on par with the world’s most energy efficient data centers,” said Jim Trout, CEO of Vantage Data Centers.
“V2 was built with unprecedented tenant collaboration, integrating decades of Vantage engineering and design expertise with tenant expertise and insight into critical requirements and opportunities for cost savings,” Trout added.
The design approach drew praise from one of the leading experts in data center energy consumption.
“Vantage’s collaborations with their customers are the closest thing I’ve seen to an integrated whole systems design process that involves two separate institutions, and that’s not easy to do,” writes Jonathan Koomey, PhD, Consulting Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University, in his forthcoming book Cold Cash, Cool Climate. “Typically such processes are found in product design inside companies like Apple, where the designers have complete control, but it’s rare in the data center industry for separate companies to coordinate in this way in facility construction.”
Single Tenant Allows Customization
As a wholesale data center provider, Vantage builds data center space and leases it to customers. Most multi-tenant wholesale space is built using a standard design that works for a broad spectrum of potential tenants. Leasing the entire V2 facility to a single user gave Vantage the flexibility to pursue a customized design, effectively shifting the project to a build-to-suit approach.
While many facets of the V2 facility adapt Open Compute design concepts, there are also differences. Silicon Valley has a warmer climate than the Facebook site in Oregon, so the cooling design was modified to include a DX cooling plant, which allows the facility to shift from outside air to mechanical cooling when the temperature gets warm.
But it retains the duct-less cooling design, in which cool air moves through the multi-chamber upper plenum and drops into the server rooms from above. To scale capacity from 9 megawatts to 18 megawatts, Vantage can add UPS units and generators on pre-configured pads. It also brings high voltage (480-400 volt) power distribution from the substation to the data center floor, minimizing power loss within the data center.
Vantage says its PUE measurements range from 1.10 when using outside air to 1.16 with the chillers running, resulting in an average of 1.12 – equivalent to the current average PUE for Google’s fleet of company-built data centers (and just shy of the 1.08 reported by the fully-air cooled facilities run by Facebook and Yahoo).
While Google, Facebook and Yahoo built energy-optimized data centers for their own use, the Vantage design offers this level of efficiency to tenants. Vantage estimates that at a PUE of 1.12, V2 will save its tenant $72 million in power costs over 10 years, compared to a facility with an average PUE of 1.9.
Here’s a look at the airflow design for the Vantage V2 facility (click forlarger image): | <urn:uuid:f0a607cc-3bdd-453c-8207-9a7016f6365a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2012/02/15/web-scale-data-center-design-comes-to-silicon-valley/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927924 | 958 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Oct 3, 2012 - By Becky Orr, For The Associated PressWyoming must prepare now for the impact of an aging population on state health-care availability and other services, analysts say.
The state's population is aging because Wyoming's young people continue to leave for jobs elsewhere.
"We have not developed an economy in the state that keeps our graduates in the state," said Dick O'Gara, president of the Wyoming Center for Business and economic Analysis.
Wyoming needs industries that use its oil within the state, he said. The state needs to add value to oil, coal and natural gas supplies instead of just shipping them out
O'Gara said private industry ought to become involved with solutions to stresses on service brought about by an aging population.
Steve Bahmer, executive director of the Quality Health Care Foundation of Wyoming, agreed with O'Gara that the private market can respond to try to meet the needs of the senior population.
It would be a challenge for a private company, Bahmer said, given the money Medicaid pays for services.
"It doesn't pay enough to make it a viable business model."
There are many efforts under way to prepare for the high number of older people, said Laurie Wright, director of hospice and palliative care at Cheyenne Regional Medical Center.
One idea is to set up medical homes for senior citizens, she said. A medical home coordinates a patient's care through one central spot instead of treating symptoms at the hospital emergency room.
This one-stop facility is important for older adults, she said. Getting all medications from one doctor reduces duplications if a patient went to more than one place for care.
CRMC has established a medical home with Cheyenne Health and Wellness Center. Several medical practices in Cheyenne also are moving toward the medical home concept.
Medical providers also need to beef up outpatient services for the elderly, she said.
She also heads a palliative care program to help the elderly manage their chronic pain.
CRMC is working to establish a future Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly, or PACE, Wright said.
This total health program will be for people 55 years old and older. The Medicare and Medicaid program provides those who enroll with access to all their health care needs so they can remain at home. It offers an adult day center.
There are positive aspects to the future of older people in the state, AARP's Mai said. Today's aging baby boomers tend to be healthier than their parents' generation, she said. They are more optimistic and age better.
"It's not all doom and gloom," Mai said.
Get your copy of The Ranger online, every day! If you are a current print subscriber and want to also access dailyranger.com online (there is nothing more to purchase) including being able to download The Mining and Energy Edition, click here. Looking to start a new online subscription to dailyranger.com (even if it is for just one day)? Access our secure SSL encrypted server and start your subscription now by clicking here. | <urn:uuid:19cce87f-ee41-43eb-98b4-384a3263db36> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dailyranger.com/story.php?story_id=3757&headline=Private-sector-urged-to-get-involved-with-issues-on-aging | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00331-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957743 | 642 | 2.109375 | 2 |
In this case there are life and death considerations. The frightening reality of the worst case scenario is made clear by the Federal Trade Commission's site on Medical Identity Theft:
Every time a thief uses your identity to get care, a record is created with the imposter's medical information that could be mistaken for your medical information – say, a different blood type, an inaccurate history of drug or alcohol abuse, test results that aren't yours, or a diagnosis of an illness, allergy or condition you don't have. Any of these could lead to improper treatment, which in turn, could lead to injury, illness or worse.
Medical identity theft: Mining silver from a gold mine
Medical records could become compromised during transmission, on the patient's computer, or at any number of multiple points of storage.
Worse, the Zeus trojan has been documented to sift through and transmit data and transmit massive amounts of targeted credential information back to its cybercrime base, often measured in the gigabytes:
The [Mumba] botnet uses four different variations of the Zeus malware to steal social networking credentials, bank account details, credit card numbers and email communications from the zombie machines.
[It] supports the latest Microsoft operating system, Windows 7, and also is capable of stealing HTTP traffic from Mozilla Firefox users,
Keeping one operating criminal theory in mind provides a simple perspective: As more digitally stored medical information becomes identifiable it will suffer the same risks of mining as other credentials such as banking logins. Commoditizing the medical insurance information into an identity bundle is definitely an incentive. Here's how this would work:
- While medical coverage is deemed a lower-tiered income generator, cybercriminals rarely leave any money behind.
- In the same manner a gold mine may be mined for silver after the gold is all gone, the coder cybercrime specialist may easily rewrite his or her malware to rescan all infected systems under their control for additional revenue after tapping out bank accounts and credit cards.
- The retrieved information would be sold by a cybercriminal known as a vendor, auctioning off the full identity with medical coverage as a ëvalue add' to squeeze a few more dollars out of their more traditional criminal clients who range from street gang soldiers to cartel burnouts.
- Identity thieves could use a variety of identities to gain access to medical treatment whenever they chose to, at a cost estimated under 30 to 50 dollars.
My prediction is that we can expect automation of crime via malware to evolve into mining previously compromised systems for stored yet unencrypted emails as well as malware targeting the HTTPS traffic which more and more medical companies are relying on for patient confidentiality.
Online medical record storage: Bad medicine?
Even with HIPAA in place and all concerns addressed, is there a way that the general public will feel safer about their medical information being kept online?
Recently, a nationwide poll conducted by Stay Safe Online and the Anti-Phishing Working Group showed the level of concern for the loss of personal or financial information to be just above concerns of job loss and even topped the concern of the loss of medical coverage, a hot topic in the recent 2008 elections.
Fusion: Loss of personal information and health care
There are a fusion of concerns over medical coverage, record storage and patient data security. Obviously this data shows national anxiety could exist about any two of these three factors. The loss of health care for family and the loss of personal information, can be considered to be two elements of the perfect storm. Identity theft can involve your medical coverage. ESET has covered the perspective of job loss due to malware but medical identity theft through malware or data breach is relatively unknown.
55 percent of those polled in ESET's 2009 survey felt uncertain to unsure that online storage of medical records would remain secure.
One theory is that this could be considered as convergence into the loss of medical coverage; after medical record breaches a victim's coverage could be affected both by fraudsters who auction off the identity as well as potentially being illicitly used as risk assessment by gray-market insurance companies.Either way, only 8 percent of those surveyed are completely certain that medical record storage online will remain secure and 55 percent are unsure to very uncertain about online medical record security. Note also that this ESET poll was taken over the phone not through the internet and that internet polls may reflect a stronger confidence in online security.
Existing medical record data breach risks
Right now there are data breaches of physical records which occur all of the time. Aetna, one of the most consumer-recognized and valued names in the insurance industry, recently suffered a breach of physical medical records which made the news. Medical insiders relayed speculation to me that these records may have been transported outside the hospital after most likely being ëchecked out' by an employee or contractor who then lost physical custody of them.
While physical security will always continue to be a risk the always-available nature of online accessible records means that compromise could not just occur only at a single point of storage but across many separate storage sites such as a doctor's PC, the hospital records room, and the patient's PC, or even while in transit between any of these points.
Worse, cleaning the mess up could be more tedious than cleaning up a financial identity theft. The Federal Trade Commission's site on Medical Identity Theft states:
Unlike credit reports, there is no central source for your medical records. You need to contact each provider you do business with – including doctors, clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, laboratories and health plans – that is relevant to your experience.
Additionally, this sophisticated element of fraud often goes overlooked until a consumer digs deeply into their own medical past and digs deeper still into their own pocket for the costs:
It is likely that you have to complete a form and pay a fee to get a copy of your records. Keep track of your communications with your health plan and providers, including copies of postal and email correspondence, and a log of your phone calls, conversations and activities.
Without ID theft being involved I've had to spend upwards of $300 to obtain a full medical record for a family member – I have yet to determine whether any law on identity theft may provides remedy from those up-front costs.
How hospitals and medical providers can help
Since the recommended course of action is to follow current identity theft procedures medical providers may assist by waiving the costs of duplicate records if a good case can be presented to them regarding the identity theft. This could be easily accomplished by furnishing a soft digital copy rather than hard printouts. I suspect that digital copies may not be in the hospital's best interest even if they themselves digitally store the patient's records due to litigation, so this may be a challenge to implement.
Medical providers may want to include these tips from the FTC in their messaging to their clients:
Be on guard when you use the internet, especially to access accounts or records related to your medical care or insurance.
If you are asked to share sensitive personal information like your Social Security number, insurance account information or any details of your health or medical conditions on the Internet, ask why it is needed, how it will be kept safe, and whether it will be shared.
Look for website privacy policies and read them: They should specify how site operators maintain the accuracy of the personal information they collect, as well as how they secure it, who has access to it, how they will use the information you provide, and whether they will share it with third parties.
If you decide to share your information online, look for indicators that the site is secure, like a lock icon on the browser's status bar or a URL that begins “https:” (the “s” is for secure).
Remember that email is not secure.
Identity theft can involve your medical coverage. The loss of health care for family and the loss of personal information are two elements of the perfect storm that nobody wants to suffer through.
Prevention of breach is the first priority. Proper anti-virus protection is just one layer of protection which consumers and HIPAA compliant organizations need to employ in order to defend against this threat. | <urn:uuid:11fbf45c-f94c-4e5a-b6ab-d009770eebeb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.scmagazine.com/bad-medicine-can-poor-data-security-result-in-death/article/558408/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00243-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95351 | 1,664 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Time flies when you’re taking photos of everything in sight. Japanese camera Brand Fujifilm is celebrating its ten-year anniversary in South Africa. How? By building a new place for people to work, obviously.
But the new Johannesburg head office isn’t just about people earning a living playing with cameras. Okay, it kinda is. But it’ll also offer a few new aspects for the company. There’s set to be an on-site repair center, and then there’s the company’s Technology Centre Africa.
Fujifilm goes green(er)
Which, yes, is more or less an experience center. Most major companies have one these days, but Fuji’s effort is especially extensive. Demonstration and training facilities are planned for the new five-story 999m² building. Graphic Communication, Medical Systems, and Imaging Solutions will all have a place to show off what they can do. Translated, everything from large-format printing and packaging to radiography and mammography to the company’s camera lineups will be represented.
Fuji’s new HQ will be based at 18 Holt Street in Sandton when construction is complete in December this year. It joins a new office and repair center that was constructed in Cape Town in 2021.
Fuji South Africa’s MD Taro Kawano said, “This year marks the tenth anniversary of Fujifilm establishing a subsidiary in South Africa, and what better way to reaffirm our commitment to the country than with the construction of this new head office in Sandton.”
“What I’m most excited about is further serving our local customers through the Fujifilm Technology Centre Africa, where there will be a training and demo center available to help showcase the latest Fujifilm products and services.” | <urn:uuid:998e4858-edf9-4165-99d2-0b3f18383cfe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stuff.co.za/2022/03/15/fujifilm-celebrates-ten-years-in-south-africa-by-building-a-new-johannesburg-hq/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.928366 | 388 | 1.523438 | 2 |
For information only - not an official document
22 May 2012
Finland Becomes a Party to Part II (Formation of the Contract) of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)
VIENNA, 22 May (UN Information Service) - On 1 June 2012, Finland will become a party to Part II of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). It means Finland will now apply both CISG Part II, which covers the formation of contracts, and CISG Part III, which covers the obligations of buyers and sellers. Contracts concluded by parties having their place of business in any of the five Nordic States (Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Norway and Sweden) will continue to be excluded from the scope of application of the CISG.
Finland accepts the provisions on contract formation by withdrawing a declaration, made upon signing the CISG in 1981, that it would not be bound by Part II. Finland's action is part of a current trend for States to reconsider declarations made upon signing or acceding to the CISG. Withdrawal of these declarations increases the level of legal uniformity in the scope of application of the convention.
The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods provides an equitable and modern uniform framework for the contract of sale, which is the backbone of international trade in all countries, irrespective of their legal tradition or level of economic development. The CISG is therefore considered to be one of the core conventions in international trade law.
The CISG, which has been adopted by a large number of major trading countries, establishes a comprehensive code of legal rules governing the formation of contracts for the international sale of goods, the obligations of the buyer and seller, remedies for breach of contract and other aspects of the contract. The CISG has currently 78 State Parties.
Further information on the CISG is available on the UNCITRAL website at www.uncitral.org.
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) is the core legal body of the United Nations system in the field of international trade law. Its mandate is to remove legal obstacles to international trade by progressively modernizing and harmonizing trade law. It prepares legal texts in a number of key areas such as international commercial dispute settlement, electronic commerce, insolvency, international payments, sale of goods, transport law, procurement and infrastructure development. UNCITRAL also provides technical assistance to law reform activities, including assisting Member States to review and assess their law reform needs and to draft the legislation required to implement UNCITRAL texts. The UNCITRAL Secretariat is located in Vienna, Austria.
* *** *
For information contact:
Principal Legal Officer | <urn:uuid:133fc2cc-c2bc-4ab5-bcf9-12e914f71ed6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2012/unisl162.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00210-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924098 | 560 | 1.789063 | 2 |
William S. Crouse
& Jane Fender
William S. Crouse, son of Jacob CROUSE & Jane FENDER, was born abt. 1818 in Ashe Co., NC, and died July 28, 1878, in Alleghany Co., NC. He married Jane Fender, daughter of John FENDER & Martha TOLIVER, abt. 1839. She was born Feb. 20, 1824, in Ashe Co., NC, and died 1892 in Alleghany Co., NC. William and Jane Crouse are buried at the Melvin Edwards Cemetery, Road 1416, Alleghany Co., NC.
Children of William S. Crouse & Jane Fender:
- John Andrew Crouse, b. July 14, 1840, Ashe Co., NC.
- James Allen Crouse, b. Nov. 28, 1841, Ashe Co., NC.
- Susannah Anne "Susan" Crouse, b. June 8, 1843, Ashe Co., NC; d. Feb. 12, 1928, in Sioux Co., NE; m. (1) Richard Clifford EDWARDS, Jr., son of Richard Clifford EDWARDS, Sr., & Mary "Polly" FENDER, Jan. 31, 1858, Ashe Co., NC (b. Feb. 1, 1830; d. Dec. 29, 1874); m. (2) Preston R. COX, son of John R. COX & Mary "Polly" ANDREWS, Mar. 11, 1877, Alleghany Co., NC (b. abt. 1856; d. aft. 1930 in Nebraska).
- Jacob C. Crouse, b. Aug. 28, 1845, Ashe Co., NC; d. Mar. 26, 1925, Alleghany Co., NC; m. (1) Elvira Jane EDWARDS, daughter of Solomon Osborne EDWARDS, Sr., & Mazy MCMILLAN, Dec. 10, 1868, Alleghany Co., NC (b. Aug. 4, 1843; d. Feb. 1912); m. (2) Mary BEAR, abt. 1913 (b. abt. 1887; d. ?). Elvira Jane Edwards was the widow of Wiley P. MAXWELL, Sr., who was killed in Oct. 1864 in a skirmish at Killen's Branch between the Home Guard and "bushwhackers." Children: Plato Vance Crouse (c.1870), Cad Lee Crouse (1871), Cora Crouse (1876), Dora May Crouse (1880), John Everett Crouse (1882), Emory Crouse (c.1884), Anna Jane Crouse (c.1886), Charlie Franklin Crouse (1887), Carlie Osborne Crouse (1887), Jimmie Effie June Crouse (1914), Flora May Crouse (1920).
- Solomon Crouse, b. Dec. 2, 1846, Ashe Co., NC; d. Nov. 27, 1939, Alleghany Co., NC; m. Martha JENNINGS, daughter of William JENNINGS, Jr., & Cynthia CAUDILL, Jan. 8, 1864, Alleghany Co., NC (b. Nov. 14, 1850; d. Jan. 30, 1931) [divorced]. Martha Jennings remarried to Enoch R. COX of Grayson Co., VA. Children: William Crouse (c.1868, d. young), John Morris Crouse (c.1871).
- Francis Crouse, b. Aug. 18, 1848, Ashe Co., NC; d. Oct. 19, 1856, Ashe Co., NC.
- Sarah Crouse, b. Nov. 4, 1850, Ashe Co., NC; d. Feb. 1, 1941, Coos Co., OR; m. William Isom CAUDILL, son of Josiah CAUDILL & Matilda WAGONER, Feb. 5, 1866, Alleghany Co., NC (b. Mar. 19, 1841; d. Feb. 27, 1902, Howard Co., NE).
- Irene Martha Crouse, b. Apr. 1, 1852, Ashe Co., NC; d. Sept. 14, 1942; m. James Melvin EDWARDS, son of Solomon Osborne EDWARDS, Sr., & Mazy MCMILLAN, Nov. 7, 1868, Alleghany Co., NC (b. June 12, 1848; d. Jan. 18, 1914); bur. Melvin Edwards Cemetery, Road 1416, Alleghany Co., NC. Children: John Rufus Edwards (1874), Sarah Jane Edwards (1882), Granville Edwards (1884), Mazy Edwards (1887), Thomas Edwards (1888), Atha Edwards (1890), Ruby Edwards (1896).
- Margaret Jane Crouse, b. Mar. 13, 1857, Ashe Co., NC; m. John F. HOLBROOK, son of David HOLBROOK & Margaret M. CROUSE, Mar. 22, 1874, Alleghany Co., NC. Children: George L. Holbrook (c.1875), David C. Holbrook (c.1877), William J. Holbrook (1880).
- Mary Frances Crouse, b. Feb. 5, 1864, Alleghany Co., NC; d. June 5, 1963, Harford Co., MD; m. her 1st cousin (once removed), John Ellis MOXLEY, son of Adam J. MOXLEY & Jane EDWARDS, Jan. 9, 1879, Alleghany Co., NC (b. Sept. 26, 1860; d. Dec. 24, 1939); bur. Mt. Zion United Methodist Church Cemetery, Harford Co., MD. Children: Thomas W. Moxley (1879), Jesse A. Moxley (1881), Frances Jane "Jennie" Moxley (1883), Berry C. Moxley (1886), Mack Coy Moxley (1889), Ellis L. Moxley (1891), Mary M. Moxley (1893), David C. Moxley (1897), Truely N. Moxley (1898), Verna Zell Moxley (1901).
- 1850 Census, Ashe Co., NC (HH#194):
WM CROWS, 33, farmer, $800, NC
- -- Jane, 23, NC
- -- John, 10, NC
- -- James, 8, NC
- -- Susan, 6, NC
- -- Jacob, 4, NC
- -- Solomon, 3, NC
- -- Francis, 2 (f), NC
- -- Sally, 20, NC
- 1860 Census, Alleghany Co., NC, p.210/p.420 (HH#601):
WM KROWS, 44, farmer, $4,000, $2,600, NC
- -- Jane, 38, NC
- -- Solomon, 12, NC
- -- Sallie, 10, NC
- -- Mattie, 8, NC
- -- Jane, 6, NC
1860 Census, Agricultural Schedule, Alleghany Co., NC: WM. KRAUS, 200 acres improved land, 504 acres unimproved land, value of farm $4,000, value of farm implements $200, 9 horses, 0 asses/mules, 7 milch cows, 0 working oxen, 12 other cattle, 40 sheep, 50 swine, value of livestock $1,315. (Source: New River Notes)
- 1870 Census, Alleghany Co., NC, Gap Civil Twp.
WILLIAM CROUSE, 52, farmer, NC
- -- Jane, 42, NC
- -- Margarett, 13, NC
- Jack HARDEN, 13, NC
- Isaac CROUSE, 18 B, dom. servant
- 1880 Census, Alleghany Co., NC, Gap Civil Twp., p.262:
JANE CROUSE, 51, wd, NC NC NC
- Minnie CAUDILL, granddau, 8, NC NC NC
1892. The will of Jane CROUSE dated Dec. 16, 1891, recorded 1892, names her sons James, Jacob, and Solomon, son John Andrew CROUSE's heirs, daughters Susan COX, Martha EDWARDS, M.J. HOLBROOK, & Mary MOXLEY. Executor: friend J.W. BLEVINS. Wits: P.C. HIGGINS, W.H. COLLINS. (Alleghany WB A, p.136; NC Archives Box No. C.R.004.508.6.)
Sept. 4, 1856. Martin JENNINGS to William CROWSE [CROUSE], 177 acres on Jules [Jewel] Swamp Creek a branch of Little River, adj. a road, Thornton JENNINGS, Wiley FENDER, Richard CHOAT, for $400. Signed: Martin JENNINGS. Wits: Thomas DOUGLAS, Henry (X) WOODRUFF. Proved July 10, 1869, by Thos. DOUGLAS. (Alleghany DB 1:393.)
July 9, 1863. Wm. CROUSE to J.A. CROUSE, 150 acres adj. a wagon road, Richard EDWARDS, a branch, the old ridge road, & the wagon ford, for $650. Signed: Wm. CROUSE. Wit. T.C. DOUGLAS, L.D. ANDERS. (Alleghany DB 1:136.)
Dec. 27, 1872. Morgan EDWARDS & wife Elisabeth P. to Richard EDWARDS & Wm. CROUSE, [mortgage deed], 60 acres on Little River adj. bank of Mockeson [Moccasin] Creek, a little swamp, a branch, the old field, a hollow, the old orchard, the sandy ford, Chesley CHEEK, Morgan EDWARDS, for $300. To be void if Richard EDWARDS & Wm. CROUSE have no trouble or damage as a result of being security for Morgan EDWARDS to Abraham BRYAN in the sum of $300. Signed: Morgan EDWARDS, E.P. EDWARDS. [No wits.] Proved June 25, 1873 (ack'd); W.P. HOLBROOK, D.C. [Deputy Clerk]. (Alleghany DB 2:33.)
Feb. 12, 1877. William CROUSE & wife Jane to Melvin EDWARDS & wife Martha, 73 acres on the Little River adj. the CROUSE Still House, the road, F.L. WOLFE, a branch, a meadow, for $300. Signed: William CROUSE, Jane (X) CROUSE. Wit: Floyd CROUSE. Proved Dec. 21, 1885, by Jane CROUSE & Floyd CROUSE. (Alleghany DB 7:23.)
Nov. 22, 1880. David HOLBROOK, Comm'r, to Floyd CROUSE, 56 acres on Jewel Swamp Creek, adj. Melvin EDWARDS, Susan COX, Freeland CROUSE, & Jane CROUSE's dower land, for $203.28; being a portion of the lands of William CROUSE, dec'd. Sold at public auction on Mar. 15, 1879, by virtue of a court order in a suit brought by Jacob C. CROUSE & others against Solomon CROUSE & others for the partition of lands of William CROUSE, dec'd. Signed: David HOLBROOK, Comm'r. Wit: W.C. FIELDS. Proved Dec. 4, 1885, by W.C. FIELDS. Reg. Dec. 26, 1885. (Alleghany DB 6:161.)
Jan. 26, 1884. David HOLBROOK, Comm'r, to J. Melvin EDWARDS, 101? acres on Jule [Jewel] Swamp Creek adj. Hezekiah WILLEY, E.H. BILLINGS, & the grave yard, for $931.21, sold by virtue of a judgment in the proceeding entitled Jacob C. CROUSE & other heirs of William CROUSE vs. Solomon S. CROUSE & other heirs. Public sale held Mar. 10, 1879. Signed: David HOLBROOK, Comr. Wits: John F. HOLBROOK, Solomon S. CROUSE. Proved Dec. 7, 1885. (Alleghany DB 7:21.)
Nov. 1, 1884. William C. CROUSE of Fremont Co., IA, to J. Melvin EDWARDS of Alleghany Co., NC, for $25, all of his interest in a tract of land in Alleghany Co. adj. J.M. EDWARDS, Floyd CROUSE, J.F. CROUSE, & others, known as Jane CROUSE dower, she being the widow of William CROUSE, dec'd, having a life estate in the said tract. The interest herein sold and conveyed is all the interest W.C. CROUSE has as one of the heirs of William CROUSE, dec'd, the said W.C. CROUSE being the only child & heir of James CROUSE, dec'd, who was a son of William CROUSE. Signed: W.C. (X) CROUSE. Wits: J.P. BRACH, S.S. CHOAT. Proved Nov. 4, 1884, by Wm. C. CROUSE, in Fremont Co., IA. Signed: J.P. BRACH, Notary Public. (Alleghany DB 7:25.)
Keith W. Chambers, a descendant of William S. Crouse, is fortunate to own a family Bible containing information about William S. Crouse and Jane Fender and their children. The "Cad Crouse Bible" was given to Keith by his grandfather, John E. Crouse, who received it after the death of his brother, Cad L. Crouse. Cad was a primitive Baptist preacher for many years and used the Bible continually. The Bible is sweat stained and the leather cover has split from handling. Cad and John were both sons of Jacob C. Crouse. The Bible does not have any publication date and contains the following entries:
James Allen Crouse was born Nov 28th, 1841
Susannah Crouse was born June 8, 1843
Jacob Crouse was born August 28,1845
Solomon Crouse was born December [??] [2nd], 1846
Francis Crouse was born August 18, 1848
Sarah Crouse was born November 4, 1850
Irene Martha Course was born April 1, 1852
William Crouse and Jane Fender was married June 30, [??]
Francis Crous deceased October 19, 1856
Marget Jane Crous was born March the 13, 1857
[Page torn and could have had more entries?]
John F. Holbr[??] Was born Nov 10th, 49 and Margaret Jane
Holbr[??] Was born March 18th, 57 [Holbrook] | <urn:uuid:7541ae00-d549-4215-87a5-d063dd2ea0fe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.moonzstuff.com/crouse/william1818.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00253-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.83207 | 3,307 | 1.554688 | 2 |
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