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Here’s a look at some of the bills the department has been following so far this session. You can access these, and all other bills, at http://legis.state.sd.us/ Click on “Current Legislative Session.”
HB 1050 and 1051
HB 1050 represents the Governor’s proposal to hold the per-student allocation steady for FY 11. HB 1051 holds the payments for special education disability levels steady as well.
This bill calls for a 0 percent increase to education for FY 11 but ties future education funding to the same level as increases in the state’s general fund revenues – with some limitations.
This bill allows for a fund balance cap of 40 percent through FY 14. For FY 15 and beyond, the maximum fund balance allowed is 25 percent. The bill also prohibits a district from growing its fund balance between FY 11 and FY 15.
This bill eliminates the one-time payment to school districts with increasing enrollment by changing the fall enrollment count to the number of students enrolled in a district in the current school year. Schools would be paid in real time for students. The bill has a delayed implementation; it would not take effect until July 1, 2013.
This bill repeals two-year averaging in the current state aid formula. Two-year averaging was instituted several years ago to soften the blow of declining enrollment.
HB 1150 changes the way the small school adjustment is handled in the case of students who open enroll.
This bill takes money from the Education Enhancement Trust Fund to provide a 1.2 percent increase to schools for FY 11. The money borrowed would be paid back with interest once the state’s general fund revenues bounce back.
HB 1020 and 1021
The department’s two bills dealing with expending special education dollars look to be on course for passage by both Houses. HB 1020 allows districts to transfer local SPED funds in an amount not greater than 50 of its annual increase in federal IDEA dollars to any other fund. The funds can be used to carry out any activities allowable under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
HB 1021 allows districts to credit any federal SPED dollars to either the Special Education Fund or the Capital Outlay Fund for any SPED-related equipment purchase approved by the Department of Education.
Teaching standards and evaluation
In its current form, SB 24 requires that public schools evaluate the performance of each certified teacher in years one through three not less than annually, and each teacher in the fourth contract year or beyond, not less than every other year. The bill also establishes a work group to develop teaching standards and a model evaluation tool.
A bill to change the compulsory attendance age back to 16 – HB 1168 – has been filed. It is expected to come before the House Education Committee soon.
A bill to revise the Opportunity Scholarship requirements – HB 1190 – passed out of House Education. The bill brings the scholarship requirements in line with the graduation requirements passed by the South Dakota Board of Education in November 2009. The bill also allows students to take world language or approved career and technical education courses to be eligible for the scholarship.
SB 191 is a bill to establish a more uniform system of pre-kindergarten programs in South Dakota.
Watch the Twitter box on our homepage to stay up-to-date on the progress of bills. | <urn:uuid:6af060cc-8b82-43b8-b3d0-d77aaeb2784a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://doe.sd.gov/pressroom/educationonline/2010/February/art_1.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00468-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942645 | 688 | 1.945313 | 2 |
by Kim Rockshaw, DIHom, BFRP
Spring is upon us. . . an early year for all things blooming and blowing through the air. And time for one to look at some permanent, safe allergy solutions for our beloved animal companions. In my practice as a homeopath/naturopath that specializes in working with animals, one of the hardest things to often treat is allergies. In some cases, I find that it is harder than treating certain types of cancer! Many factors contribute to chronic and deep allergic response. In order to treat these so the conditions are greatly helped or cured, certain things must be considered. One of the factors that must be looked at is diet. Increasingly dogs are becoming more allergic to foods.
Dogs that have tendency to chronic ear infections and a red anus, often are ones to consider for a food elimination trial. Putting an animal on a hypoallergenic diet for 6 weeks is a good start. This means a one rare protein – one rare carb diet. Snacks can only be something benign, like carrots. Common food allergens are poultry, beef, corn, soy and wheat. These must be totally eliminated during the food trial. Another factor in the increase of allergies in dogs and cats, is vaccinations. Dr. Will Falconer, a noted homeopathic vet from Texas, states that the “onset of chronic disease after vaccination is often delayed, coming about 1-2 months afterwards”. Dr. Christopher Day, a noted British homeopathic vet has for the last 10-12 years asked those clients who present him with an itchy, allergic dog: “When did this itchiness begin?” A striking 75% respond that it began within 1-2 months after the “puppy shots.” Many other holistic veterinarians find that they have to use a vaccinosis “clearing” homeopathic remedy before they can start working on a deeper level to cure the animal. Vaccinating animals too often and for too many things at once is a big factor in the increasing amount of chronic disease we see in our pets. This holds especially true for allergies and autoimmune responses. In my practice I find that vaccines play a big part in the allergic responses of many animals. At least 50% percent of the cases I treat for chronic skin problems respond with incredible improvement after treating with one of four or five anti-vaccinosis remedies.
In addition to clearing vaccinosis, and eliminating food allergens, I find that eradicating the tendency to staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria is often needed. In So. California (and other warm climates), where there are rarely freezing temperatures, certain irritants never truly “die”. Fleas, mold, staph and strep bacteria constantly grow and flourish. Very often, animals who have yeast infections in their ears and/or chronic staph and strep infections need to be treated with a homeopathic remedy that eliminates the tendency for these bacteria to develop in the animal’s body. Many pets who have allergies have been treated extensively with steroids and antibiotics.
When I treat animals such as these, it often takes longer and can be a bit harder to treat, since the immune system has been altered and damaged. I often have to clear the body of the side effects of steroids (as well as vaccines), then proceed to find the correct deep acting and individualized remedy (called a “constitutional” remedy) for the animal. IN addition to homeopathy, I often recommend patients put their dogs and cats on a good type of Colostrum. I recommend a professional, broad spectrum Colostrum by ProSymbiotics. This helps the immune system to balance it-self again, as well as developing resistance to bacteria such as staph and strep. Supplements such as Quercitin and Bromelain (natural antihistamines) can also be helpful. Treating chronic skin conditions takes time and patience. In addition to treating as described above, I often recommend certain shampoos. While the animal is transitioning away from steroid dependence, I often suggest having an antihis-tamine on hand as a “back-up” measure. My favorite, Hydroxizine, can be prescribed by your veterinarian. Dependence on anti-histamines is not our long term goal, but can be used intermittently if needed. Unlike steroids it will not cause long term side effects to the pancreas, liver, kidneys nor will it ruin the homeopathic treatment. If you desire your canine companion to be healthier and permanently be helped with their allergies, it is advisable you work with a trained (degreed) homeopath or a homeopathic veterinarian. Please note that homeopathy in particular (not herbs, vitamins or supplements) is the best long term solution for treating chronic allergies (and chronic disease in general.) It works at a very deep level, toward eliminating the cause and stopping the tendency of allergic response. Only homeopathy has the power to go “backwards” in time to help eliminate toxic side effects of vaccines and steroids.
(Kim Rockshaw, is a degreed homeopath and flower essence practitioner that treats animals around the country and abroad. She is also the author of the book “Prozac Free Pets”. For further information about her work : www.kimrockshaw.com | <urn:uuid:de120dda-c058-4534-98d9-65511d77e2e1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ocdogs.com/eliminating-allergies-in-our-pets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00117-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952408 | 1,104 | 2.40625 | 2 |
HELP FOR STRUGGLING STUDENTS: Comprehensive psychoeducational evaluations for children
Is your child not learning quickly?
Does it take her a bit longer to grasps concepts than her younger sister?
Have you had countless parent-teacher conferences over the years pertaining to her struggles in reading, writing, and math?
That’s not new, right?
What is new is that she’s beginning to act out; talking in class and getting an attitude with her teacher when she’s redirected. She doesn’t complete classwork and doesn’t turn in homework.
She even got a referral for “noncompliance.” What does that even mean? She isn’t doing what the teacher asks? She’s not doing what you ask of her at home either!
So many Parents are at their wits end. Is this you?
During your last conversation with her teacher, the teacher asked, “Has Kailey ever been tested?”
“Kailey tested,” you think. “No, I’m the one being tested.” But out loud your response is simply “No”.
The teacher goes on to say how “she’s taught hundreds of Kailey’s” and most “have ADHD and just need a little medicine,” the same way the teacher needs meds to regulate her high blood pressure.” “You should talk to her pediatrician,” she ends.
Your immediate thought is “Really? No, who I should talk to is your principal, and let him know you’re in the wrong field. You should go into medicine.” But again, you give a one-word response, “Interesting.”
At the conclusion of that conversation you are left more frustrated and confused than before. After several conversations with friends and family, you come to the conclusion that while you are against the idea of medicating your 11-year old child, testing could provide you with insight into Kailey’s academic struggles, and give her teacher specific information on how to help her progress.
Comprehensive Psychoeducational Evaluation
If any of that sounds like you, you have come to the right place. A comprehensive psychoeducational evaluation will provide you with specific information about your child’s emotional, behavioral, and academic strengths or areas that need further nurturing.
But it does not end there. If you have your child evaluated at Metamorphosis, you will be provided with specific recommendations of evidence based-scientifically proven strategies for use at home and at school.
Finally, we will not leave you alone. We will advocate with you for your child at school, and we will teach you the questions to ask and the comments to make to best help your child.
By calling us today, you are one step closer to the clarity and support that you and your child need for a successful school year. | <urn:uuid:ab0f5bd8-b9b9-48cf-b993-071f524cf2fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.betteronpurpose.com/evaluations-testing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.963588 | 625 | 2.359375 | 2 |
A Sensory Approach to the Curriculum : For Pupils With Profound and Multiple Learning Difficulties Paperback
by Judy Davis
Written by a teacher with many years of experience with pupils with PMLD, this book offers a well-tried approach to delivering the curriculum, with particular emphasis on the core subjects.
It aims to complement and supplement existing material and provides a useful resource for busy teachers.
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 128 pages, black & white illustrations
- Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
- Publication Date: 23/03/2001
- Category: Teaching of students with specific learning difficulties / needs
- ISBN: 9781853466717 | <urn:uuid:23e5ee91-f99c-4f0a-bfd6-c9d5fc17a3e4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.speedyhen.com/Product/Judy-Davis/A-Sensory-Approach-to-the-Curriculum--For-Pupils-With-Pro/7116968 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00091-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.843036 | 142 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Background: The ability to successfully perform a biopsy on pulmonary lesions by means of bronchoscopy varies widely due to anatomic and technological limitations. One major limitation is the lack of the ability to utilize real-time guidance during tissue sampling in the periphery. A novel system has been developed that enables real-time visualization and sampling of peripheral lesions by displaying an ultrasound image of the lesion and needle simultaneously. Methods: We performed a multicenter, prospective pilot in patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions undergoing a clinically indicated bronchoscopy. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of visualizing, accessing, and obtaining specimens adequate for the cytology of lung lesions when using a novel hybrid real-time ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration system for peripheral pulmonary lesions. Results: Twenty-three patients underwent bronchoscopic sampling of a peripheral pulmonary lesion with the study device. Mean lesion size was 3.6 (range 1.7-5.7) cm. Targeted lesions were located in all lobes of the lung. All lesions were successfully visualized and sampled under real-time visualization with specimens adequate for cytological evaluation. The needle was visualized in all lesions throughout targeting and sampling. There were no incidents of pneumothorax or moderate-to-severe bleeding. Conclusion: In this feasibility study, we report the first-in-human use of a continuous real-time endobronchial ultrasound guidance system to sample peripheral pulmonary lesions. Future generations of this device may improve usability and further studies are needed to determine the true diagnostic capabilities of this novel technique.
- Peripheral pulmonary lesions
- Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine | <urn:uuid:6ccac501-22f5-43a1-84cd-47934877315f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/first-in-human-use-of-a-hybrid-real-time-ultrasound-guided-fine-n | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.935859 | 368 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Surging hormones and a shift in breast structure mean your nipples and breasts may feel sensitive and tender from as early as three or four weeks. Some mums-to-be have sore breasts during pregnancy right up until the birth, but for most it subsides after the first trimester.
Do sore breasts come and go in early pregnancy?
It can happen in one or both breasts. You may feel it all over, in a specific spot, or moving outward into your armpits. The soreness can be constant, or it can come and go. During the earliest weeks of pregnancy, breast pain tends to be dull and achy.
Should I be worried if my breasts stop hurting during pregnancy?
Its cessation is normal and not usually a sign of miscarriage on its own, especially if it ends gradually after a few months. In addition, while breast soreness is one of the earliest signs of pregnancy, not every woman experiences the same degree of soreness.
How long do your breasts stay sore in early pregnancy?
Yes, breast tenderness can be one of the earliest signs of pregnancy. It usually starts around 4 to 6 weeks and lasts through the first trimester.
Does decrease in breast tenderness mean miscarriage?
“Women suffering a miscarriage may experience loss of pregnancy symptoms, including a decrease in nausea and vomiting and breast tenderness,” he told INSIDER. “Loss of pregnancy symptoms does not necessarily indicate miscarriage, since many pregnancy symptoms do often improve as pregnancy progresses.”
What is a silent miscarriage symptoms?
There are usually no signs of a missed miscarriage. In some instances, a person might have cramping or some brownish pink or red vaginal discharge. Often, the symptoms of pregnancy, such as breast tenderness, nausea, or fatigue, continue when a silent miscarriage has happened.
How do I know I’m still pregnant?
The most conclusive way of finding out is to have an ultrasound done by your doctor or midwife to see baby’s heartbeat. I say “most” conclusive, because even with an ultrasound, if you are early in your pregnancy, it can be difficult to see or detect a heartbeat with 100% accuracy.
Do pregnancy symptoms come and go 6 weeks?
6 weeks pregnancy symptoms come and go
What if your feelings of pregnancy aren’t as strong anymore? This is more common than you’d think. Most women have some pregnancy symptoms that increase or decrease over time. During pregnancy, our bodies are flooded with new hormones.
Does breast tenderness go away at 9 weeks?
Mom’s Body at 9 Weeks Pregnant
Although your breasts will likely continue to grow throughout your pregnancy, the sensitivity will usually subside once your body adjusts to the surge of pregnancy hormones.
What’s the difference between sore breasts in pregnancy and PMS?
While your breasts may feel tender during PMS, they can be tender during early pregnancy as well. “You may also be pretty fatigued,” Giles added. “The key difference between the two, however, is that with pregnancy, your period doesn’t occur.”
How soon after miscarriage do your breasts stop hurting?
Breast discomfort, engorgement or leaking milk; ice packs and a supportive bra may relieve discomfort. This discomfort usually stops within a week. Some pregnancy hormones remain in the blood for one to two months after a miscarriage. | <urn:uuid:43e1cf39-3988-4c11-bac3-433e71a3a404> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thegoodthedadandthebaby.com/newborn/does-breast-tenderness-go-away-in-early-pregnancy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.948212 | 709 | 2.109375 | 2 |
American Unitarian Conference™
Promoting the American Unitarian Tradition
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Imperfect and Perfect Theism
James Freeman Clarke
Chapter 4 from the book, Steps of Belief (1870).
The subject of the present chapter is, Imperfect and Perfect Theism.
Perfect theism is the belief in a perfect Being, above all things, through all things, and in all things. A perfect Being is one who unites in himself all the good which belongs to finite beings, and carries that good to perfection. Existence is a good belonging to finite beings, without which no other good is possible. But the existence of finite beings is contingent and dependent. Existence, made perfect, becomes necessary and independent. God's being is therefore necessary being, or, as we now say, He is the absolute Being. Again, reason or intelligence is a good belonging to finite beings. Carried to perfection, it becomes infinite wisdom or omniscience. Again, power is a good; and this, carried to perfection, is omnipotence. Once more, the finite being becomes more perfect, as, by means of a higher organization and finer senses, it comes more fully into communion with nature. A perfect communion with nature would be what we call omnipresence, or God all in all. In the same way, a perfect Being must be perfect in love, or an infinite Giver; perfectly free, or not limited by an external or internal force stronger than himself; and therefore perfectly self-conscious, or entirely disengaged from blind impulses and instincts.
If this is perfect theism, it is easy to point out the different varieties of imperfect theism. We shall proceed to do this. Any view of God which limits his power, wisdom, goodness, freedom; or makes these doubtful, —is, so far, an imperfect form of theism.
Of these varieties of imperfect theism, we will specify the following:
I. Nature-worship. —Theism appears in this form in many of the Hymns of the Vedas, and in the Gathas of the Zend-Avesta. God is contemplated as immersed in nature, —personified, but not personal, —as a presence in the sun, the winds, the fire, the water, the clouds, the dawn, the stars. He is thus a blind, though often a beneficent, force. He is in nature, and so far is truly conceived. But he is not above nature; and therefore is neither intelligent, personal, nor free.
II. Polytheism. —This is the first reaction against naturalistic pantheism, and the first development of personality. Will, choice, intelligence, benevolence, —all may appear in this conception of Deity. But unity, infinity, and universality are absent. The polytheistic view conceives of God correctly, as through all things; but not as above all things. A group of finite deities, all imperfect, do not make an infinite Deity. In the Greek mythology, —the highest form of polytheism, —the gods are only larger, more beautiful, more intelligent, and more powerful men and women. But all are limited by defects, weaknesses, and imperfections.
III. Idolatry. —Polytheism almost always ultimates in idolatry. But idolatry, in its essence, often appears in Christianity as well as in paganism.
In giving a bodily form to God, and locating him in one place, idolatry limits his omnipresence. Then God acts through the visible idol, where that is, and does not act elsewhere. And so when we speak of the sabbath as a holy day, of the church as a holy place, of the Bible as a holy book, we are in danger of idolatry; just as Catholics are when they worship the Virgin of Fourvières at Lyons, San Gennaro at Naples, or St. Lawrence at Genoa. Reverence for what is good, true, and noble is not idolatry. To reverence the truth in the Bible, or to love the rest, peace, and worship of the Lord's day, is not idolatry. To reverence St. Francis of Assisi, or any other good man, is not idolatry. But we begin to idolize men, books, creeds, churches, whenever we worship the body and the outward form, instead of the spirit which it contains and conveys. Therefore Jesus teaches his disciples to begin their prayer by saying, "Our Father, who art in heaven;" therefore he tells the woman of Samaria, "Neither in this mountain, nor yet in Jerusalem, shall men worship the father." Idolatry is worshipping the form instead of the spirit, the means instead of the end, the body instead of the soul.
IV. Pantheism. —The opposite error to that of idolatry is pantheism, and this is also an imperfect theism. Idolatry confines God to places, times, and forms: pantheism puts him in all things, which is right; but goes further, and says that all things are God, which is wrong. When we make all things equally divine, we take away all moral character from the Deity, and he becomes only the blind soul of nature. Then we destroy also morality in man. Right and wrong become equally a part of God; and sin is a divine manifestation, no less than goodness.
No doubt, true theism comes very close to pantheism. It grazes pantheism, but avoids it. Many texts in the New Testament have an extremely pantheistic sound; but none express the fundamental idea of pantheism. When Paul says of God, "From whom, and through whom, and to whom are all things;" when he teaches that God is "above all, and through all, and in us all;" when he tells the Athenians that "in him we live and move and have our being," —he teaches the truth in pantheism which corrects the mechanical theory of the universe. God is not like a mechanic, who makes the world out of some foreign substance, and then sets it in motion, and goes away and leaves it. He is the present, continued, constant Creator. The mechanical view implied in the account of creation of Genesis is corrected by Jesus. The book of Genesis says that God "rested on the seventh day." Jesus says (John v. 17), "My Father worketh hitherto" (heos arti, down to this time). God is the immanent, and not the transient, cause of the universe. He creates it, not as one candle is lighted from another, but as the image of the sun is made on the surface of water. The candle lights the other, and then is taken away. The sun continues to create its image, without cessation. Hildebert, in his hymn, says of the Deity:
"Super cuncta, subter cuncta:
Extra cuncta, intra cuncta;
Intra cuncta, nec inclusus;
Extra cuncta, nec exclusus;
V. Nescience. —The next form of imperfect theism is found in the metaphysical doctrine of nescience. This doctrine admits the existence of God, but denies that we can know any thing about him. This is the doctrine of such writers as Hamilton, Mansel, and Herbert Spencer; the latter, a thinker much admired, but who, though an acute metaphysician, seems to us to be a poor philosopher. He considers an "unknown God" as the highest attainment of theology and philosophy. He says: "The deepest, widest, and most certain of all facts is that the power which the universe manifests is wholly inscrutable." It will be seen that this is using against theology its own favorite doctrine of mystery. Theologians, when pressed with the absurdities of their systems, and shown that their creeds contradict the simplest laws of reason, nature, common sense, and every instinct of the soul, have cried out, "It is a mystery! We must believe it; but we cannot understand it." And now Mr. Spencer and others say, "Yes: all theology is a mystery. We can know nothing about it. We must let it all alone, and devote ourselves to practical matters, to things of this world. God exists; but we know nothing about him. Therefore we have nothing to do with theology or religion, and cannot believe any thing about either." Thus mystery, pushed too far, has destroyed belief.
The origin of this doctrine of nescience seems to be a confusion between understanding a fact and comprehending it. We know a great many things which we cannot comprehend. We know that space is infinite; but who can comprehend infinity? The ideas of infinite space and infinite time are perfectly simple and intelligible notions. We understand perfectly both ideas, but we comprehend neither. Our mind, being finite, can by no possibility comprehend the infinite. That is, our knowledge of it is correct in quality, but limited in quantity. We hold it firmly, but cannot grasp it all. A child knows his father correctly; but how imperfectly does he comprehend him! So I can know God truly; I can understand truly what infinite wisdom, power, and goodness mean; but how little do I comprehend of their vast range, of their immense plan, of their enormous depth, breadth, height! "Who by searching can find out God? Who can find out the Almighty to perfection?"
VI. Law and Cause. —The next imperfect theism makes of the Deity a law, and not an intelligent Cause. Natural science looks only at facts and laws, and sometimes forgets that a law is only a method of working, and that behind all law there must be power. A legislature passes a law declaring that no intoxicating liquor shall be sold in any of the shops of the State; and presently no liquor is sold in some places, while it continues to be sold in other places. Behind the law, in one place, is a power — namely, the power of public opinion — which enforces the law. Behind the law in another place is no such power, and therefore it is not enforced.
Natural science observes facts, and infers laws. It observes, for example, that the best organized plants and animals live, while others die; that these best organized plants, by an organic law, communicate their qualities to their successors, and so form a permanent variety. Hence it infers the law of progress, by which the strongest creatures live and the weaker die. Thus, all the varieties of plants and animals, and all the progress of these from the lowest germ and cell up to man, are accounted for by law. Be it so. Theology has no quarrel at all with science, while science shows how things come to exist. But to show how they come, is not to show why they come. Law is not power; law is not intelligence; law is not goodness. Law itself implies a law-maker and a law-enforcer; and, if the law works for the general good, that the law-maker and law-enforcer is also beneficent. That is, the law implies wisdom, power, and goodness behind it.
Science, therefore, produces imperfect theism, not while it is genuine science, but when it goes out of its province of observing facts and inferring laws, and assumes that these facts and laws are sufficient to account for the universe.
—Another imperfect theism is positivism. Positivism declares that we
only know what we get at through the senses; and as the senses only
perceive phenomena, that we can only know phenomena. It declares that
there is nothing but
The fatal weakness of this system, wherever it comes to light, —whether as taught by Comte in its integrity, or taught in a more diluted form by others, —is that it assumes that there is only one way by which knowledge can enter the mind; namely, by the senses. It assumes it, but does not prove it, or seriously try to prove it.
The Bible says, and says
correctly, that "spiritual things are spiritually
discerned." Man has various organs by which he discerns various
realities. Each class of realities is discerned through its own organ.
In externals, we know this well enough. We never
VIII. Theology of Will. —But there is yet another form of imperfect theism, which is more common. It is that popular theology which makes God a tyrant, and man a slave; which divorces the divine will from his justice and his love, and so makes it an arbitrary and despotic will. The powerful Augustinian theology, revived and renewed by Calvin, taught that God from the beginning created some men to be saved and some to be lost. Without any regard to their goodness or their wickedness, he saves some, because he chooses to do so; without any regard to their wickedness or their goodness, he damns others, because he chooses to do so. This substitutes, in the place of the infinite and perfect God, an arbitrary, imperfect, and willful Power. Infinite will—divorced in our thought from infinite justice, wisdom, and love—is less perfect than infinite will allied to these. The God of Calvin is therefore an imperfect God, unable or unwilling to save all his creatures; able and willing to save only a part of them.
Calvinism, in its form of election and arbitrary decrees, is fast passing away. It does not exist in the Episcopal or Methodist Churches, hardly among the Orthodox Congregationalists and New-School Presbyterians; and holds its place with difficulty among the Old School Presbyterians in the South and Southwest. But one doctrine which deforms theology and dishonors God, still remains in all the orthodox churches. It is the doctrine of everlasting punishment, in the other world, for the sins committed in this life. No church, claiming to be orthodox, has yet dared to repudiate this awful doctrine, which is more injurious to the character of the Almighty than all the blasphemies of the impious, and all the denials of the atheist. For what does it assert? That God keeps his children in existence forever, merely to torment them forever; inflicting on each one an amount of suffering infinitely greater than all the pangs of the martyrs, and all the agonies of the sufferers, who have been in the world since the world began. Add together the tortures inflicted by the tyrants and despots in all time, the auto-da-fes of the Inquisitions, the cruel torments of every battle-field of history, the solitary sufferings from disease, accident, moral and mental anguish, —add them together, and when an equivalent to all has been suffered by one soul, his suffering has only begun. All the sufferings of time added together, are finite; and if they end at last in universal and infinite bliss, —no matter how far off that consummation may be, —they are mathematically and logically nothing when compared with the succeeding joy. But let one soul suffer to all eternity, and his solitary suffering infinitely outweighs the anguish borne in all time in all the worlds of the universe. If suffering is finite, and final bliss is universal and infinite, then suffering disappears, and is reduced to nothing. But if suffering is infinite, then evil shares the throne of the universe with God, then God is no longer universal sovereign. "He wills to have all men saved," says the Scripture. Is he unable to save them? Either he is deficient in goodness, and so does not wish to save them; or he is deficient in wisdom, and does not know how to save them; or he is deficient in power, and is not able to save them. In either case, he is not a perfect Being. Thus the doctrine of everlasting punishment dethrones God, and leaves him the servant of some dark fate outside of himself.
It is no answer to this, to say that God allows evil to exist here in time. For we have seen that all the sufferings of time are mathematically nothing, compared with the bliss of eternity. All finite suffering, however great, is as nothing when compared with everlasting happiness afterward.
We will close this chapter by giving a brief resume of our argument thus far.
If we are asked, "Why do you believe in God?" we may give the following answer:
I believe in God, because I am made to believe in him. If I became an atheist, I should be obliged to silence the voice of my soul, the instincts of my higher being, the voice of my reason, the dictates of nature, the aspirations of the spirit rising above the finite to the infinite, the longings of my heart for an almighty and perfect Friend. I am so made that I have no peace, no rest, no satisfaction in the present, no hope in the future, but in the faith that —above all that is dark, blind, and mechanical in the universe; behind all that is mysterious and sad, —there sits supreme one infinite Master, who is at the same time an infinite Benefactor, an endless Lover of his creatures.
Secondly, I believe in God because I see everywhere, in nature and the outward world, the proofs of a boundless intelligence. I see everywhere adaptation, and infer design; everywhere order, law, beauty, harmony. All Nature sings a song of praise to God. Opening spring, which unbinds the pod, announces his coming, with numerous flowers, birds, and returning life. The long summer days, filled with joy, speak of him. Him the abounding autumn, him the solemn winter, proclaim. His praise is sung by the winds, which blow from four quarters of the heavens; and by the majesty and terror of the storm. The mighty ocean chants his praise in its tumultuous surges, and its immeasurable smile. The mountains, great sentinels of nature, in their perpetual calm and snowy purity, praise God with their sky-piercing peaks. Coming day, and the rising sun, pouring light over the earth, tell of his goodness; and night, with its solemn multitude of fires, shows to us his infinite power. I believe in God, because nature is full of him; in all its order, its beauty, its manifold variety, its infinite adaptation.
Again, I believe in God because the universal testimony of man, from the dawn of time, bears witness to the divine reality. Faintly or clearly, all people, nations, and languages have seen the presence of God in the world, —sometimes, as in a glass darkly, involved in superstition and error; sometimes in clearer light and beauty. Polytheism and monotheism, Jew and Gentile, Brahmin and Buddhist; the negro of Africa with his Fetich; the Scandinavian with his faith in Valhalla; the solemn mystery of the Egyptian shrines with their long arcades of sphinxes and obelisks; the Acropolis at Athens glittering in its snowy marble beauty, its exquisite temples, its innumerable statues; Rome with its altars; the isles of the ocean; the ancient worship of Mexico and Peru, and the Great Spirit of the Indian, —all attest the fact, that wherever man has lived, he has looked out of time into eternity, and has seen some gleams of a divine power above and beyond the earth.
Once more, I believe in God, because the wisest and best of the race have risen always out of superstition on the one side, and unbelief on the other, to the sight of one infinite and perfect Being. The Hymns of the Vedas, in their highest strains, announce one supreme God. The great teacher of ancient Persia, Zoroaster, discloses the God of light and truth and goodness, as the highest power. Greece, by the voice of her best and greatest philosophers, announces the same truth. No one in the Old World taught a purer theism than Socrates; no one demonstrated the purity and perfection of the Deity more plainly than Aristotle. Plato says, "Around the King of all, are all things; and he is the cause of all good." Euripides declares, "God sees all things, and is himself unseen." The Pythagoreans said, "God is one. He is not, as some suppose, outside this frame of things, but within it. In all the entireness of his being, he is in the whole circle of existence, surveying all nature, and blending in harmonious union the whole; Giver of light in heaven, and Father of all; the mind and life of the whole world; Mover of all things." Sophocles says:
"One in truth, one is God,
And Orpheus, as quoted by Clement of Alexandria, says: " I shall utter to whom it is lawful; but let the doors be closed against all the profane. Walk in the straight path to the immortal and only King of the universe. For he is one, self-proceeding. From him all things come: his power is in all. No mortal sees him; but he sees all."
And so Cicero says of the Romans: "Some nations, conscript fathers, excel us, —as do the Spaniards in numbers, the Gauls in physical strength, the Carthaginians in cunning, the Greeks in art; but we, the Romans, surpass all others in piety, in religion, and that one wisdom which sees that all things are governed and directed by the will of the immortal gods."
And from among all the great thinkers of modern times, who have proclaimed a pure theism, -- from Erigena to Descartes, Newton, Leibnitz, Locke, let me select one sentence from Lord Bacon. Lord Bacon says: "I had rather believe all the fables in the Legend, and the Talmud, and the Alcoran, than that this universal frame is without a mind. It is true, that a little philosophy inclineth man's mind to atheism, but depth in philosophy bringeth men's minds about to religion; for while the mind of man looketh upon second causes scattered, it may sometimes rest in them and go no further; but when it beholdeth the chain of them confederate and linked together, it must needs fly to Providence and Deity."
Again, I believe in God because this faith is the great spring of human progress. Faith in God gives courage, hope, energy, to men; and the nearer the faith approaches to true theism, the greater is its power to carry men upward and onward. The slave, in his chains, strengthened by this faith, is stronger than his tyrant. It nerves the arm of the patriot, fighting the battles of freedom. When Paul crossed the blue Aegean, carrying faith in one living God to Europe, he inspired a new life in the decaying mass of the Roman empire, and founded modern civilization. When Mohammed taught his wild Arab tribes to renounce idolatry, and accept one God, he created the seeds of a civilization which illuminated Europe for many hundred years. When Luther defied Rome, in the name of a faith purified from its corruptions, and Gustavus Adolphus died fighting for freedom of spirit, they planted the germs of modern art, science, literature. When the Puritans fought at Naseby, under Cromwell, and when they founded New England, for the sake of a reformed reformation, they gave a stimulus to human civilization and human progress which has not yet ceased to operate in Europe and America. All nations which have made progress in art, literature, science, or social life, have been inspired with a faith, more or less clear, in the invisible and eternal. Let atheism, or semi-atheism, or a low, superstitious theism prevail; and human life goes backward. Let faith revive; society becomes pure, strong, and progressive.
And, lastly, I believe in God, because this faith is needed for the peace, comfort, happiness of individual man. I received, not long ago, from some friend, a pamphlet defending atheism and attacking religion with a certain blind zeal, which is almost pathetic. When I hear such words, I say, "Father, forgive them: they know not what they do." The atheist looks through the universe, and finds no God. He searches the furthest nebula, and God is not there. He examines the structure of the human body, and finds no trace of the divine hand. He interrogates the past, and it is silent; he demands of the future, and it has no voice. The universe is a great dead machine, clashing on and on; coming from nowhere, going nowhere; made for no end, inspired by no wisdom, filled with no love. Man is the child of chance and clay, made of a few chemical elements, to be dissolved into them again. I ask him, "What shall I live for?" He replies, "I do not know. Live for what you please. Eat, drink, and die." The oppressed cry out to God to help them; but the atheist tells them, there is no God to hear their cry. The poor, the sick, the wretched, the lonely, are happy because they have faith in God. The atheist takes away this last support of the miserable, this last restraint on the powerful, this foundation of justice between man and man, this terror to evil-doers, this strength of the upright, --he takes it away, and says, "Die like the brutes, in your darkness and despair." But no: he cannot take it away. Man is made to believe; and the belief in God rests on surer grounds than logic or demonstration; namely, on human nature itself. Some truths are self-evident as soon as men look at them: they need no argument, and cannot be demonstrated. So Proclus says, "He who thinks that all things can be demonstrated takes away demonstration itself;" and Epictetus declares, that " Whoever denies self-evident truths cannot be reasoned with, for he has no intellectual modesty."
We have now come to the end of our brief survey of the first division of our subject; namely, of the questions between the atheists and the theists. We have found that it is difficult if not impossible, to demonstrate the existence of God; and as difficult, if not impossible, not to believe in God. Ninety-nine men out of a hundred, on the surface of the earth, believe in God or Gods, outside of the world and above it, who are more powerful, and more wise than man. Most of those who deny the existence of God, deny the name rather than the thing. They substitute for God Nature, or the Soul of the World, or the Nexus of Laws by which the universe is governed. But they are obliged to attribute to this Web of Laws, or to Nature, the power of evolving, out of itself, order, beauty, adaptation of parts to parts, life, growth, intellect, will. As nothing can come from nothing, all this must have been present implicitly in the Kosmos, before it was evolved explicitly. Consequently, they believe in an infinite Kosmos, containing all the intelligence, power, wisdom, law now extant, and capable of producing it all; that is, they believe in an infinite Creator. The only difference between such atheists and theists is, that the atheist supposes his Supreme Being to produce intelligent results without intelligence, and unconsciously; the theist believes him to produce them intelligently and consciously.
The being of God cannot be demonstrated, because the idea of God is the unity of all necessary ideas, —the coming together into one of the ideas of necessary being, perfection, cause, intelligence, right, beauty, infinity, and personal will. Now, as each of these ideas is a necessary idea, and cannot be explained out of any thing more simple than itself (which is essential to a proof), all of these taken together cannot be explained out of any thing more simple. Consequently, God's existence cannot be proved, as against one disposed to deny it. But this is no misfortune; for in this respect belief in God stands on the same basis as belief in our own existence, and in that of the outward universe. Neither of these can be proved. They are not believed on the ground of argument, but are known experimentally. I know my own existence, through consciousness, by a mental experience. I know the outward universe, through observation, by the experience of the senses. We commune with ourselves through consciousness: we commune with nature, through the senses. From this communion results our knowledge of each. We know God in the same way, just as far as we commune with him outwardly and inwardly. When we look through nature, and see, back of its changing events an unchanging Cause, under its finite phenomena an infinite Substance, and behind its manifold adaptations an intelligent design, —we come into communion with God through nature. When we look within, and, behind our wrong being and doing, find the conception of a perfect right; behind our lukewarm affections, the idea of a perfect love; and behind our sorrows and weakness, the undying hope of a perfect peace, —we commune with God inwardly. All knowledge comes from communion or intercourse; that is, action and reaction. We cannot know any thing passively. Knowledge arises from life. The knowledge of the outward world comes from sensible experience, or living contact of the senses, by action and reaction. Knowledge of ourselves comes from conscious experience, by looking in upon ourselves, and setting the soul into a living activity. And so knowledge of God does not come passively to any man; but only as he communes, by an active spiritual experience, with God; or, as the Bible says, "Spiritual things must be spiritually discerned."
© 2004 American Unitarian Conference™ | <urn:uuid:762b5991-9173-4078-b204-8df086f327ec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://americanunitarian.org/clarkeperfect.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00313-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957704 | 6,236 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Languedoc Trilogy4 Titel in dieser Serie
Brought vividly to life by Louise Brealey's narration, this new, unabridged audiobook also includes extra content read by the author, Kate Mosse.
July 1209: in Carcassonne a 17-year-old girl is given a mysterious book by her father which he claims contains the secret of the true Grail. Although Alais cannot understand the strange words and symbols hidden within, she knows that her destiny lies in keeping the secret of the labyrinth safe....
July 2005: Alice Tanner discovers two skeletons in a forgotten cave in the French Pyrenees. Puzzled by the labyrinth symbol carved into the rock, she realises she's disturbed something that was meant to remain hidden. Somehow, a link to a horrific past - her past - has been revealed.
PLEASE NOTE: When you purchase this title, the accompanying reference material will be available in your Library section along with the audio. | <urn:uuid:f8be35a4-1fe7-4a33-a4bc-e64930836482> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.audible.de/series/Languedoc-Trilogy-Hoerbuecher/B0754QMP9J | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.91851 | 206 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Fabrice Florin/CC BY-SA 2.0
February 28, 2018
This post originally appeared on the Leadership 360 blog in Education Week on February 22, 2018.
Last week at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, seventeen students and adults were murdered in a mass shooting. What happened next was unusual. Instead of waiting for adults to act, students took the lead.
They are giving fiery speeches, demanding their turn to enact change. Emma Gonzalez, a senior at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, addressed a rally just days after the shooting.
"We are going to be the kids you read about in textbooks. Not because we're going to be another statistic about mass shooting in America, but because, just as David said, we are going to be the last mass shooting. Just like Tinker v. Des Moines, we are going to change the law."
They are demanding legislative action. Lyliah Skinner, who hid in a classroom during the attack, reflects:
"We shouldn't have to talk about this. This country needs stricter laws to help prevent other kids, like me and my classmates, from ever having to experience this. Words mean nothing. Actions do."
They are urging people to get out and vote. In his CNN op-ed, Cameron Kasky, a junior at Marjory Stoneman, writes:
"I'm just a high school student, and I do not pretend to have all of the answers. However, even in my position, I can see that there is desperate need for change--change that starts by folks showing up to the polls and voting all those individuals who are in the back pockets of gun lobbyists out of office."
Students are uniting around the newly formed National High School Walk-Out for Anti Gun Violence. They are planning a Day of Action Against Gun Violence in Schools of April 20, the anniversary of the Columbine massacre. And they are calling for a March on Washington on March 24.
Teachers, parents and other adults in young people's lives may wonder how they can support them in taking the lead and acting, not just on this issue but on all the others that will affect their lives for far longer than it will those of the adults who dominate the popular discourse. Here are some suggestions.
Dig Deeper Into Current News Events
One of the best ways to tap into young people's advocacy and activism is to engage with them early and often about current events generally. Young people read the headlines and hear the sound bites. They want to be part of the conversation, and should be.
- Use these discussion strategies that include ideas on how students can express thoughts and feelings, generate questions, reflect on what they read, conduct research, engage in debate and embrace complexity.
- Use these lesson plans as a framework to address various current events.
Explore Points Of View
Talking about issues of importance to young people creates a teachable moment to explore different points of view. When conducted in a planned and thoughtful manner it leads to self-reflection and the sharpening of their own viewpoints, an understanding of those of their classmates and of others in the larger society. As we have these conversations at home or in the classroom, it's important to:
- Create an anti-bias learning environment that is safe, respectful and inclusive
- Develop ground rules and engage in dialogue that helps student actively listen, express their thoughts/feelings, and communicate to be understood instead of to win an argument.
Expand Their Horizons For Taking Action
Providing tools and strategies to help young people engage in activism is an excellent way to support them. Ideas for powerful engagement include educating others at school, running for office, protesting, creating a public awareness campaign, using social media, and getting press involved.
It is not enough just to understand the issue. We see in Parkland that young people are ready to take action. Indeed, becoming informed and then becoming the change you want to see is what education and democracy are fundamentally about.
Anne Frank said, "How wonderful it is that nobody need to wait a single moment before starting to improve the world." As we see with young people in Florida and around the country, they are not waiting any longer. | <urn:uuid:6ba48dd2-cff6-423f-b977-c4d2353a9aa4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.adl.org/resources/blog/following-latest-school-shooting-young-people-take-lead | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.966098 | 873 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Among and Between
We use among to indicate something is shared or distributed by people or groups. It is often used when there are three or more participants.
The apples were shared among the children.
There was a group of children, each child received some of the apples.
We use between to indicate something is shared by two participants, or to indicate a reciprocal relationship.
The two sisters shared the apples between themselves.
Each sister received some of the apples.
There were many arguments between the members of the council.
The members of the council argued a lot. This was reciprocal. | <urn:uuid:a8eb7fde-8f81-46e8-83c3-ba15dbaa4430> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.theenglishspace.com/confused-words/among-between.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00336-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988362 | 121 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Aberration, also known as “color fringing,” refers to the effect in which light passing through a lens becomes blurred and produces a fuzzy image on the film. If the camera lens is unable to focus light of different wavelengths or if the lens is scratched or otherwise damaged, chromatic aberration of the final image will occur.
In a normal lens where aberration doesn’t occur, the lens directs light of different wavelengths to specific areas of the film, depending on the particular wavelength. This process results in a balanced, clear and sharp image on the resulting photo. However, when this process doesn’t occur, aberration distorts the color and clarity of the original image, ruining the resulting pictures. Often, the edges of the pictures are the most distorted areas.
Aberration can occur in six different ways:
+ Astigmatism aberration
+ Chromatic aberration
+ Coma aberration
+ Curvature of field aberration
+ Distortion aberration
+ Spherical aberration.
Although some photographers generally consider aberration to be a negative photographic effect, others have used it to artistic effect. By intentionally blurring parts of a photo, the photographer can effectively comment on the distorted features or nature of the subject that he is photographing.
Find More Here | <urn:uuid:8e7f12e7-2f15-4939-9c42-d261b6ebc4cf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://blog.dreamstime.com/2011/08/16/aberration-color-fringing_art35909 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00033-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916681 | 270 | 4.0625 | 4 |
Lori Cook, Ph.D., CCC/SLP
Director of Pediatric Brain Injury Programs
Dr. Cook, a certified speech-language pathologist since 2003, specializes in conducting research and clinical cognitive-linguistic evaluations as well as interventions with children with neurologic communication disorders. Currently, Dr. Cook oversees the pediatric brain injury research programs at the Center for BrainHealth at The University of Texas at Dallas, including coordination of two studies involving specialized evaluation and cognitive intervention for children and adolescents with acquired brain injury.
Dr. Cook has also served as site research coordinator for a National Institutes of Health-funded study investigating the long-term recovery of higher-level language skills as well as executive function abilities (e.g., self-regulation, planning, problem-solving) after brain injury, contributing to the development of new assessment and intervention tools. Additionally, she has been involved in studies examining working memory function and social cognition abilities during functional brain imaging (fMRI).
Overall, her research is focused on understanding the rehabilitative effects of long-term follow-up care, with the hope of developing a successful format for identifying, monitoring, and maximizing the potential of children with acquired brain injuries in order to help them be successful in their home, school, and community environments.
To learn more about Dr. Cook's work, click here. | <urn:uuid:a31652a4-d940-46ec-8659-dfcd868b0f25> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brainhealth.utdallas.edu/index.php/about_us/team/lori_cook | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00450-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956951 | 275 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Russians create artificial human brain
transcend at cybertown.com
Mon Apr 16 04:52:48 EST 2001
David Ehrens wrote:
> > > But he warned of the potential hazards of the scientific
> > > breakthrough, saying the brand new brain could turn into
> > > a Frankenstein's monster if it was mistreated.
> Hoax alert!
> Most journalists would have used the subjunctive, "were".
If it's a hoax then it's a fairly big one, several online news sources have
picked up on it.
Natural selection won't matter soon, not anywhere as much as concious
selection. We will civilize and alter ourselves to suit our ideas of what
we can be. Within one more human lifespan, we will have changed ourselves
unrecognizably. -- Greg Bear
More information about the Neur-sci | <urn:uuid:7f8ca069-d1b8-42ce-b23c-607d55040d0f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/neur-sci/2001-April/045821.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932961 | 186 | 1.585938 | 2 |
What Is Insomnia?
Insomnia, commonly known as 'the disorder of sleep' is the most common sickness related to sleep. It refers to patients always complaining about "lack of sleep" or having "Poor Sleep". In this sickness or disorder, you need to take medical supplements and sleep tablets in order to get proper sleep. Sleeplessness can take off not only our energy level but also changes your mood. It also affects your health and performance at work.
Types of Insomnia:
There are two types of insomnia: Primary insomnia and the secondary insomnia.
- Primary Insomnia: The Primary insomnia means that the person is facing sleep problem that is not connected directly with any health issues.
- Secondary Insomnia: The Secondary insomnia is when a person is affected with sleep problems because of certain health issues like anxiety, depression, asthma, arthritis, or heartburn or intake of some medication. It can also be caused due to regular intake of high levels of alcohol.
Causes of Insomnia or Poor Sleep:
Insomnia or Poor Sleep can be normally caused by medical and psychiatric conditions, no proper sleep, and certain other biological factors. It is simply important to understand the different causes of sleeplessness.
- Acute Insomnia Or Poor Sleep Caused Due To Anxiety - Anxiety has the capacity to trap our mind by always thinking about life issues. Issues at the workplace or with the family can make us feel anxious. This can make it impossible for you to sleep at night.
- Acute Insomnia Or Poor Sleep Caused Due To Stress – Different events such as the death in the family, or illness of a close friend, job-loss, etc may lead to this disorder. Tension, feeling overwhelmed by the responsibilities, getting caught up in different thoughts about the events of the past and excessive worrying about future events can cause the mind to be stressful.
- Acute Insomnia Or Poor Sleep Caused Due To Lifestyle - The lifestyle that is unhealthy can also lead to this disorder. If a person starts to follow unhealthy, sleep habits, then the problem of sleeplessness turns into serious problems later on. It is very important to detect the right type of insomnia disease at the proper time instead of letting it become the threat later.
The Causes Of Chronic Insomnia Are:
- Depression Causing Chronic Insomnia Or Chronic Poor Sleep- Depression occurs due to different pressure on a person's mind and it is considered one of the primary causes of insomnia where you either might sleep very often or may get less sleep. The major reasons of chronic insomnia are anxiety and depression. This is caused due to an improper balance in the brain that can simply affect the sleep patterns.
- Medical Conditions That Can Cause Chronic Insomnia Or Chronic Poor Sleep- There are different medical conditions that are the primary causes of this disorder. It can be also caused by severe pain, diabetes, excess fat accumulation, cancer, gaseous diseases, and so on. These are some causes of insomnia and to solve them, various types of herbal remedies are made available.
Symptoms of Insomnia or Poor Sleep:
People of all different groups are affected by the disorder of sleeplessness. Some symptoms of insomnia or poor sleep are simple, while others cannot be recognized at the first instance. The main symptoms of insomnia or poor sleep are given below.
- You may feel sleepy any time of the day.
- There is general tiredness that is felt by the body on a regular basis.
- The irritation caused by small issues of life.
- You cannot concentrate on small things.
If you have one of the different types of insomnia, you may feel lonely. People who have sleeplessness may complain of many problems. These may include memory loss, issues related to depression or stress related problems.
Diagnosis For Insomnia or Identifying The Cause of Poor Sleep:
If you have the above symptoms of insomnia or poor sleep, you can take the help of the medical doctor. A physical exam may be conducted, a medical history may be asked of you, and a detailed sleep history will be recorded. You may be asked to maintain the diary to follow your sleep patterns and the timing when you sleep and arise. Your family doctor may feel the need to interview your life partner about the time of your sleep and your sleeping habits. The doctor may also ask some patients to partake in the sleeping test.
Treatment To Cure Insomnia or Poor Sleep:
Insomnia or Poor Sleep can be cured. Acute insomnia may not require treatment. Mild insomnia can be prevented by maintaining good sleeping habits. If you are tired and still you do not get sleep, the doctor may prescribe you with some sleeping pills. The short-acting drugs can help you prevent effects such as laziness for the rest of the day. The prevention of lack of sleep due to insomnia is impacted because they may have side effects and tend to not be effective at times.
The treatment for the chronic insomnia is different. If insomnia continues, the doctor may ask you to opt for a different therapy. Behavioral therapy helps you to change behaviors and give you access to good sleep. The different techniques may help you live a better life.
CBT (Cognitive-Behavioral-Therapy) For Curing Insomnia or Poor Sleep:
CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) is always conducted to improve insomnia. The anxiety leading to Insomnia or Poor Sleep is treated in a better manner. The sleeping pills are avoided in this method. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is helping a person to change the thoughts & feelings regarding sleep that may be causing stress and contributing towards insomnia. CBT can be a very safe and more effective in curing insomnia or poor sleep than sleeping pills. However, CBT is not a quick remedy for Insomnia or Poor Sleep, it requires lot of application and patience. This therapy helps you in reaching your optimum sleep level after certain period.
Best Sleep Habits To Get Rid of Insomnia or Poor Sleep
The sleep habits give below, can help you get rid of insomnia and can get you the maximum time to sleep.
9 Simple Tips That Can Be Practiced To Overcome Insomnia Are:
- You must make it a habit to sleep at the same time each night to get up at the same time each morning.
- Do not intake, alcohol during the day. You may fall asleep because of it.
- Get involved in regular exercise. Try not to exercise close to bedtime, because you may feel tired but not fall asleep.
- Try to take your meal on time.
- Maintain a time gap of at-least 2 hours between your dinner and bed time.
- The climate of your bedroom must be favorable. Your bed must be comfortable.
- Make habits to read a book or listen to music before you sleep.
- Try to do something constructive that will make you feel sleepy if you are not feeling sleepy.
- Try to work on a list to do the thing the next day so it may help you not to worry about things. | <urn:uuid:630fb25f-0391-4f4d-b28a-1728e7a9893c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.epainassist.com/sleep-disorders/insomania-or-poor-sleep | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00509-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928738 | 1,447 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Commercial composite restorative materials (e. g. , Adaptic, Concise, Silar) consist principally of polymers (e. g. , bis-GMA) and inorganic fillers (e. g. , fused silica, crystalline quartz, lithium-aluminum silicate and borosilicate glass). The biological composites (e. g. , bone, dentine, enamel, pathological calcifications), on the other hand, are composed mainly of a biopolymer and a calcium phosphate filler (collagen and calcium-hydroxy apatite, respectively, in the cases of bone, dentine, and cementum). The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of using calcium phosphates left bracket apatites and related calcium phosphates such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP), dibasic calcium phosphate (DCP), etc right bracket as fillers in new composite restorative biomaterials.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||1|
|State||Published - 1984|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all) | <urn:uuid:cfa16cb3-3c59-4534-aff7-162eb524a6a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/potential-use-of-calcium-phosphates-as-fillers-in-composite-resto | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.78101 | 236 | 1.992188 | 2 |
There are many medical complications associated with bulimia nervosa, many of which are a direct result of both the mode and the frequency of purging behaviors. This course reviews in detail the many complications of the two major modes of purging, namely, self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse.
a). List at least three medical complications associated with bulimia.
b). Discuss the body systems impacted by bulimia.
c). Describe the two major modes of purging.
d). Identify at least two medical complications of laxative abuse.
The target audience for this event includes psychologists, licensed clinical social workers, licensed counselors, MFT’s, and other clinical mental health professionals.
Instructor(s): Jennifer Sweeton, Psy.D, MS, MA
Material Author(s): Philip S. Mehler & Melanie Rylander
For additional information about this course, the instructors, or the material authors, please contact Content Assistance at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:ec4bcac8-9881-486d-8397-8b47ae823d16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://onlinececredits.com/courses/medical-complications-in-bulimia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.89815 | 217 | 2.25 | 2 |
C++/please help me
Hope you must be fine and well. Sir! I am having great difficulty in understanding mathematical analysis of algorithms. My question is how much part this subject (algorithem analysis and design)plays in the future of a software engineer? And would u please please solve questions written below.I would be highly appreciated.Thanks a lot.
1. As an alternative to the insertion sorting method presented in class, you might consider using binarysearch to decide where each new element goes.a) Show that this will sort a list of n entries using O(n log n) comparisons.b) Does counting comparisons give a true idea of the running time of this algorithm?
2. The input consists of d sequences of elements such that each sequence is already sorted, and there is atotal of n elements. Design an O(n log d) algorithm to merge all the sequences into one sorted sequence.For example, in the case of merge sort, two (d = 2) are merged to form the final sorted sequence. Usesimple English to present your answer. Use pseudo code only if it explains the algorithm better. Hint:create min heap out of the elements of the sequences.
1. Develop a C++ program that implements the Edit Distance algorithm. Your program should accepttwo strings and produce the value for the minimum edit distance value. It should also produce edit scriptthat converts one string into another. If there are more than one edit scripts, all such scripts should beproduced. Submit your C++ program.
2. Implement the DP 0-1 knapsack algorithm as a C++ program. It should accept as input the size of theknap sack and items along with their weights. For this problem, your program will work with integerweights only. The program should output the optimum weight and the items that go into the knapsack togive the optimum solution. Submit your C++ program.
1. (a) As the height of a binary tree with n nodes is log(n) hence inserting n elements would be
1 + 1 + 1 . log (2) + n log (n-1)
I am not sure if above comes to n log (n)
1 . (b) Not true, but one part of running time, other things come from lots of other issue like iteration/recurssion etc
Other problems are very hard for me to solve :--) now. | <urn:uuid:c53dbb9c-132c-4c4e-be15-4007eaef9f4d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://en.allexperts.com/q/C-1040/please-help-1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894705 | 502 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Galisteo Dam, northcentral New Mexico
Galisteo Reservoir is impounded by Galisteo Dam on Galisteo Creek in Santa Fe County, New Mexico and is used for flood control, among other things. Construction was completed in 1970. At normal levels it has a surface area of 1 acres. It is owned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Galisteo Dam, also known as Galisteo Reservoir is of earthen construction. The core is earth. Though originally completed in 1970, the structure was modified in 1998. Its height is 164 feet with a length of 2820 feet. Maximum discharge is 90000 cubic feet per second. Its capacity is 152600 acre feet. Normal storage is 89800 acre feet. It drains an area of 596 square miles.
Lakes, Dams, and Recreational Facilities Near Galisteo DamGalisteo Dam Cochiti Lake Cochiti Lake Cochiti Lake Lake Santa Ana Reservoir Lake Santa Ana Reservoir Jemez Canyon Dam Jemez Canyon Dam
Bookmark this lake location.
Find other northcentral New Mexico area lakes and vacation ideas or return to the home page.
Other AreasClick the map to see lakes in other parts of the country. | <urn:uuid:8b2fe260-46b8-4101-9d13-d29dc72043c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://findlakes.com/galisteo_dam_new-mexico~nm00002.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00308-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918269 | 257 | 2.453125 | 2 |
We are a group of allied health professionals (public health professionals, nurses, physical therapists, chiropractors, physician assistants) dedicated to improving health care quality, decision-making, health outcome, and education by using cutting edge research, advocacy, and case management to assist individuals and families in making informed health care decisions.
We help review your treatment options so you understand your choices, attend doctor appointments, formulate questions for your physician, research and summarize your health problem, locate resources you may need, and help improve communication with you and your healhcare team. We assist caregivers in finding appropriate services. We offer advocacy and case management services to assist you in getting the appropriate care you may need individualized to your unique health needs.
Our mission is to help people make informed medical decisions and understand their unique health challenges through advocacy, case management, education, communication, research, and lifestyle interventions and assist them in determining the best health care choices available. | <urn:uuid:a9221c5c-c991-4901-8dd9-21c3939c5cef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gsdba.org/list/member/searchlight-healthcare-advocates-8658 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943281 | 191 | 1.554688 | 2 |
But a new standard could be emerging among Democratic state policymakers at $18 per hour or higher.
Hawaii would raise its wage floor to $18 by 2028 under legislation awaiting the signature of Gov. David Ige, a Democrat, and a ballot proposal in California would ask voters to approve an increase to $18 there by 2025. The organizers of the California ballot proposal said earlier this month they’ve collected more than enough signatures to get it on the November ballot, and they’re awaiting verification by state and local officials.
Recently introduced legislation in New York also would boost the state’s minimum wages — which vary by geographic region — by indexing them to inflation, potentially pushing New York City’s minimum above $20 by 2025, according to the bill’s supporters.
“I think what Hawaii is doing is a good signal for the direction a lot of the bluer states are going to take,” Cooper said.
Aside from the effect of new legislation and ballot initiatives, 18 states plus D.C. already have laws calling for automatic annual increases based on inflation. Among those is Washington, where the current minimum of $14.49 is likely to surpass $15 next year considering the high inflation levels of 2021 and 2022 thus far.
While the higher minimum wages have been enacted mostly by Democratic-majority state legislatures, that isn’t always the case. In Republican-led Florida, voters in 2020 approved a ballot measure to gradually raise the Sunshine State’s minimum wage to $15. In Arkansas, Arizona, and Missouri — all states where the GOP controls the state legislature and governor’s office—voters have raised the wage floor through ballot initiatives, although not going as far as $15 an hour.
Low mandates down south
Lawmakers in much of the South remain reluctant to raise minimum wages above the federal floor — with Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas all holding steady at $7.25 an hour.
Regional differences in living expenses partially offset the gap in minimum wages, Goodrich said.
“Maybe they don’t make as much in Atlanta as they could make in New York City, but obviously the cost of living is much lower in Atlanta,” he said.
The gap among states extends to other areas of worker protections, said Kristen Harknett, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, who is also involved in research for Harvard’s Shift Project and the EPI wage tracker.
“Wages are not unique. We have a patchwork generally in this country,” she said, pointing to other policies that vary by city and state such as paid sick leave and employee scheduling laws. “There are a lot of holes in the labor law at the federal level that some localities have attempted to fill.”
Market-driven wage increases have boosted some hourly workers. But headline-grabbing announcements from companies such as Walmart and Target have overshadowed the fact that many other service-sector employers haven’t followed suit with higher starting pay, Harknett said.
Just over half of hourly workers at 66 major retail and food-service companies make less than $15 an hour, and a quarter of them make less than $12 an hour, according to Shift Project data.
“You can get a very skewed perspective if you’re just focusing on the announcements by a large company or a handful of large companies,” Harknett said. “What this misses is all the others that have not made similar changes.”©2022 Bloomberg L.P. Visit bloomberg.com. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC. | <urn:uuid:1ded7a07-8c63-4026-83b7-105d9636d975> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.arcamax.com/currentnews/newsheadlines/s-2679933-p2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.953983 | 773 | 2.109375 | 2 |
The Texas Senate has approved SJR 13, a constitutional amendment which would allow voters to place term limits on certain statewide officeholders. The bill, passed by a 27-4 margin with four Republicans dissenting in the Senate, would limit statewide officeholders to serve 2 consecutive terms. It exempts judicial offices (the 18 elected members of the Texas Supreme Court and Court of Criminal Appeals). The amendment would allow for nonconsecutive terms and would expire in 2031.
Republican Sen. Craig Estes had offered two amendments. The first, to include statewide judicial offices, failed on a point of order, and the second, to limit House and Senate members' terms, was withdrawn.
Term limits tend to draw the most support from the minority party in government as they benefit from the creation of more non-incumbent elections. In Texas is seems that even Republicans have gotten tired of the stagnation and lack of movement in the ranks with Rick Perry having kept a cap on upward political mobility. This is probably a good move for Texas as a whole and a reasonable compromise that keeps the system moving without wiping out the institutional knowledge in the legislature.
Michael Li has updates on companion legislation moving in the Texas House. | <urn:uuid:73ebc82a-2f44-41cb-ba6d-848e3ab1dff1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.burntorangereport.com/diary/13242/texas-senate-votes-274-to-allow-voters-to-enact-statewide-term-limits | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973453 | 243 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Missions of Mercy
Area aviator 'gives wings to those in need'
Monday, November 19, 2012 8:55 AM
Eric Benson stood in his hangar, right next to his twin-engine Ted Smith Aerostar. The airplane is a 1973 model with over 10,000 hours of service. It's prop-driven, but still looks fast just sitting on the ground.
Eric Benson stands next to the plane he uses to volunteer for Wings of Mercy, an organization that flies those seeking medical care in rural communities to larger hospitals with needed specialties.
"Wings of Mercy was began by a businessman in Michigan in 1991," he said. "Later, a Minnesota chapter was formed."
That Minnesota Chapter of Wings of Mercy (WOM) has provided free transportation for medical patients in financial need since 1995, free of charge. Pilots such as Benson use their own planes and volunteer their time to the program, which only reimburses them for fuel.
For those seeking medical care in rural communities, the ability to access hospitals in larger cities can make a big difference.
"We go out to remote areas," Benson said. "Most of the time I'm bringing them into Mayo or to Children's Hospital in St. Paul."
"Oftentimes a social worker will bring someone with a proven financial need to our program, which is headquartered in St. Cloud... They're the people who have kind of fallen through the cracks. They need to get some medical care and a lot of the time a social worker has found physicians that will volunteer their time for these people... You just have to get them there."
All WOM flights are for patients. More than 50 percent are children. Most are receiving follow-up cancer treatments, various surgeries, addressing breathing problems or other issues. The flights are not used to haul plasma, tissues or doctors, Benson reported. Most are arranged about two weeks in advance. They're not emergency ambulance trips.
According to the Minnesota WOM website, "All of our beneficiaries have medical insurance. Our beneficiaries are not able to be transported via van, bus, or train because their bodies simply cannot make it onto the van, bus or train due to pain, body casts, paralysis etc. Further, they or their caregiver have already missed so much work due to the illness that any more time off for the longer trips would put them on the unemployment line, thus losing medical insurance and their standard of living."
Benson has volunteered for some 55 Wings of Mercy flights over the years. "Burn time," or wear and tear on an aircraft, is his to absorb, as are days away from work. Fuel only consists of about a third of the total cost. "This particular plane costs about $4 a minute to operate," he said with a grin.
Benson Technical Works is based at the Houston County Airport near Caledonia. In their day jobs, Eric and his wife, Leanne, work constantly with big planes, installing and maintaining aeronautical navigation equipment at numerous facilities over a seven-state area.
"There's a minimum criterion that we have to meet (to fly for WOM)," Benson said. "You have to be instrument-rated. You have to have so many hours of flying time. We also always take two pilots for safety. Oftentimes, there is also a nurse volunteer who goes along." For all of those reasons, large-cabin singles and twins are the most sought after airplanes.
"I end up getting some of the more difficult trips because I fly a lot and the airplane is all-weather capable," Eric said. "There was one particularly nasty day when we brought an older gentleman who was getting a knee replacement home to northern Minnesota so that he could be treated for an infection prior to finishing his surgeries. A woman in an old frayed dress met us at the airport. She had an old rickety car packed with sofa cushions in the back because she couldn't afford to pay for an ambulance."
"She turned to me with tears in her eyes, 'I don't have any money to pay you,' she said. 'We take hugs,' I told her. She cried as she hugged me... How can you put a dollar value on that? I get back 20 times more than I ever put into it."
Transporting patients back to their homes when all medical options have been exhausted was a challenge Benson said he had dreaded, until it happened.
"They just wanted to die at home," he said. "I thought it would be really stressful, tense. How do you act around somebody like that? As it turns out, they've been nothing but grateful and at peace. One woman who knew she was going to die was just so thankful. There wasn't any 'why me?' it was 'thank you so much.'"
"I just came away thinking that there are angels walking around us all the time," Benson added.
The Minnesota Chapter of Wings of Mercy has joined with a number of humanitarian flying organizations that provide similar services across the country called The Air Care Alliance, Benson said. Other than the Michigan chapters of WOM, Angel Flight, Inc., is a good example of a cooperating member. Minnesota WOM basically operates within a 500-mile radius of its headquarters, although some flights reach farther afield.
"You file a flight plan as a 'compassion flight,'" Eric said. "That way you can get preferential handling from the air traffic controller. For people with IVs or colostomy bags, you would get to make your descent into an airport more gradually. That's important for the patient."
He also explained that donations to WOM come from all over the country and 100 percent goes right to the person who needs it.
"I look at it like this," Eric concluded. "I have two feet that work, two hands that work, my brain works, and with these skills that I've got, I feel I have a very blessed life. It's an opportunity for me to give back. This is my own personal ministry, giving back to people who are less fortunate than me. I find it incredibly satisfying." | <urn:uuid:e93dfef3-1581-4164-935b-8c45474ea0ef> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://bluffcountrynews.com/Content/Bluff-Country-Reader/BCR-Bluff-Country-News/Article/Missions-of-Mercy/14/23/46186 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00240-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982098 | 1,253 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The Transputer Workstation (also known as the ATW-800 or ATW) was a workstation computer manufactured by Atari Corporation in the late 1980s, based on the Transputer parallel computing processor technology, which was developed by British semiconductor company Inmos.
Why it had Failed
- The ATW sold for £5,000 to £7,000 GBP (£10,450 to £14,630 GPB when adjusted for inflation), making it far too expensive for the mass market.
- Atari was unable to market the ATW in any effective manner.
- Added to point #2 above, Atari did not appear to have invested much time and effort to supporting the ATW or develop successors for it. In short, they had little to no faith in it!
- Perihelion (the creator of the ATW's OS, the UNIX-like HeliOS) and Atari had a deal, in which the latter would deliver the hardware and perform distribution while the former delivers the software. There was going to be a bundle of documentation, along with registration and guarantee cards to be included with the ATW. On reception, Atari would deliver the registration cards to Perihelion. However, as it turned out, Atari did not deliver the registration cards. This became one of several major issues that broke the cooperation. Way to really screw that one up, Atari!
- Inmos folded around the same time that the ATW was released.
- Perihelion, which was a small company anyways, remained the only exclusive distributor for the ATW in England.
- HeliOS, as an operating environment, proved to be a little too exotic.
- Transputers, as a technology, failed to catch on due to problems in pricing, and later on, in performance, when compared to traditional processors.
- The ATW was a powerful system for its time, capable of being used advantageously in some niches, such as scientific computing.
- The Blossom video module used by the ATW was revolutionary for its time, with its ability to support several screen resolutions.
- The Mega ST-based I/O processor allows the ATW to use the standard Mega ST keyboard and mouse, as well as monitors compatible with the ST product line.
- The team which worked on the ATW's Blossom video system went on to work on another project, the Atari Jaguar video game console.
- That being said, it was rumored that the Blossom's hardware would have been used in the cancelled Atari Panther console.
- The miniature Mega ST which acted as the ATW's I/O processor could be used as a standalone Mega ST computer. Except, however, it has no joystick ports.
- There was going to be a single-card version of the ATW for use on the Mega STf computer, but it was ultimately never released.
- Inmos was bought in April 1989 by SGS-Thomson (now known as STMicroelectronics). Around the same time, work was started on a new enhanced Transputer, the T9000, which after encountering various technical problems and delays was scrapped, signaling the end of the Transputer as a parallel processing platform. However, Transputer derivatives such as the ST20 were later incorporated into chipsets for embedded applications, such as set-top boxes.
- Atari ATW at Old-Computers.com
- Wikipedia article
- Atari Transputer Workstation at AtariMuseum.com
- Atari Transputer Workstation at Daves Old Computers
- ATW800 at maedicke.de
- Atari ATW800 at randoc.wordpress.com | <urn:uuid:d21329d8-4e63-40aa-bd13-c1272bf80dc0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crummy-computers.fandom.com/wiki/Atari_Transputer_Workstation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.977663 | 770 | 2.609375 | 3 |
By Michael J. Economides
Texans owe the White Stallion Energy Center a debt of gratitude for “suspending development” of its coal-fired power plant. It’s good news for our air, water supply and economy – especially if a new natural gas power plant will be built instead.
Natural gas has been a compelling story for the United States for more than five years, arguably the biggest story in the history of oil and gas, certainly for the last 50 years. There has never been a show as presented by shale gas: increasing from essentially zero to one third of US natural gas production. The implications on the nation’s economy, the creation of real, high-paying jobs and “energy independence” will be huge and lasting. Energy abundance is the litmus of a thriving economy a stark contrast from renewable gobbledygook.
Of course the transition from coal to natural gas for power generation has other implications. We all understand the clean-air benefits of one less coal plant, but few may know the significant water savings involved. A recent Webber Group study compared lifecycle volumes of fresh water required to produce electricity from coal vs. natural gas. The study found on average Texas coal extraction consumes over seven times as much freshwater per kilowatt hour as Texas natural gas extraction – in fact, converting coal plants in Texas to natural gas could reduce freshwater consumption by over 50 billion gallons per year.
And then there’s the specific economics. The majority of coal used in Texas for power generation is imported from other states – that’s less jobs and revenue to Texas. Natural gas companies in Texas support 1.3 million jobs and pay five times more in state and local taxes and royalties on a per-job basis than the average company in other industries – a contribution of about $100 billion a year to our economy. Hard minerals (like coal) contribute about one-fiftieth to the average local tax base than natural gas.
All this, and the price of electricity can remain affordable, thanks to Texas’ massive natural gas supplies.
So, thanks White Stallion, but what took you so long?
Michael Economides is Editor-in-Chief of the Energy Tribune | <urn:uuid:a02eabf2-a16a-4c7e-91ef-1ac6b3ab853e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://fuelfix.com/blog/2013/02/20/no-brainer-white-stallion-was-a-dark-horse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00174-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932934 | 455 | 2.75 | 3 |
Analysis of clinical samples from suspected Lassa fever cases in Sierra Leone showed that about two-thirds of the patients had been exposed to other emerging diseases, and nearly 9 percent tested positive for Ebola virus. The study, published in this month's edition of Emerging Infectious Diseases, demonstrates that Ebola virus has been circulating in the region since at least 2006-well before the current outbreak.
First author Randal J. Schoepp, PhD, recently returned from Liberia and Sierra Leone, where he spent six weeks helping to set up an Ebola testing laboratory and training local personnel to run diagnostic tests on suspected Ebola hemorrhagic fever clinical samples. He is part of a team from the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) that has been providing assistance to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa since March.
Three other USAMRIID personnel also have been involved in this ongoing effort: Wes Carter, who traveled with Schoepp to Liberia; Aileen O'Hearn, PhD, who recently returned from providing laboratory support to Kenema Government Hospital (KGH) in Sierra Leone; and Matthew Voorhees, who is currently onsite at KGH.
USAMRIID has been working in the region since 2006, when it began a collaborative project to develop and refine diagnostic tests for the Lassa fever virus endemic to Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. As those assays have matured, the scientists have begun to optimize additional tests for a number of emerging diseases.
Because the team was working on disease identification and diagnostics, and had pre-positioned assays in the region, says Schoepp, "We had people on hand who were already evaluating samples and volunteered to start testing right away when the current Ebola outbreak started."
According to the publication's authors, between 500 and 700 samples are submitted each year to the KGH Lassa Diagnostic Laboratory in Sierra Leone. Generally, only 30 percent to 40 percent of the samples test positive for Lassa fever, so the aim of this study was to determine which other viruses had been causing serious illnesses in the region.
Using assays developed at USAMRIID that detects the presence of IgM, an early protein produced by the body to ward off infection, the research team found evidence of dengue fever, West Nile, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, chikungunya, Ebola, and Marburg viruses in the samples collected between 2006 and 2008.
In addition, of the samples that tested positive for Ebola, the vast majority reacted to the Zaire strain, which was unexpected, according to the authors.
"Prior to the current outbreak, only one case of Ebola had ever been officially reported in this region, and it was from the Ivory Coast strain," says Schoepp. "We were surprised to see that Zaire-or a variant of Zaire-was causing infection in West Africa several years ago."
The laboratory testing site in Kenema is supported by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System. In collaboration with the host country, the site enables collection of samples that can be used in research toward new medical countermeasures, and allows USAMRIID to evaluate the performance of previously developed laboratory tests using samples collected on-site. The Institute hopes to eventually obtain viral isolates for medical countermeasure development and receive data on the performance of the diagnostic assays.
In addition to providing laboratory testing and training support for the current outbreak, USAMRIID has provided more than 10,000 Ebola assays to support laboratory capabilities in Sierra Leone and Liberia. The Institute also supplied personal protective equipment to Metabiota Inc., a non-government organization (NGO) involved in the testing.
Other contributors to the work include the Department of Defense Joint Program Executive Office-Critical Reagents Program, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Cooperative Biological Engagement Program, and the DTRA Joint Science and Technology Office.
COL Erin P. Edgar, commander of USAMRIID, called the project "a great example of medical diplomacy at work."
"This collaboration allows USAMRIID to bring our expertise to bear in responding to an international health crisis," he says. "In addition, it enables us to test the medical diagnostics that we develop in a real-world setting where these diseases naturally occur."
USAMRIID's mission is to protect the warfighter from biological threats and to be prepared to investigate disease outbreaks or threats to public health. Research conducted at USAMRIID leads to medical solutions-vaccines, drugs, diagnostics, and information-that benefit both military personnel and civilians. The Institute plays a key role as the lead military medical research laboratory for the Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense. USAMRIID is a subordinate laboratory of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command.
Reference: Schoepp RJ, Rossi CA, Khan SH, Goba A, Fair JN. Undiagnosed acute viral febrile illnesses, Sierra Leone. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014 Jul. DOI: 10.3201/eid2007.131265 | <urn:uuid:42a402dd-704e-49ad-b305-369c357dfe8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/sierra-leone-samples-show-ebola-virus-circulating-west-africa-2006 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.938943 | 1,076 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Friday, May 1, 2009
Although not new, the term "palliative care" is often not well understood by patients and families facing a serious illness. Palliative care generally refers to any care that lessens symptoms of a serious disease, whether or not there is hope of a cure or recovery. It is meant to improve the quality of life of patients and their families, while facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness. Palliative care may also be used to lessen the side effects of curative treatments such as chemotherapy, as well as to ease financial or legal worries.
Palliative care may include a broad range of services, including relief from suffering, treatment of pain, psychological and spiritual care, and a support system for both the patient and the family.
"There is often confusion between the terms hospice and palliative care, because they share similar goals of symptom relief and pain management" said Lynn Burgess, Chaplain at Northeastern Vermont Regional Hospital.
In December 2008, a report by the Center to Advance Palliative Care (CAPC) gave Vermont a perfect score on patient access to palliative care programs. Vermont was the only state in the nation to receive the designation.
NVRH considers palliative care a very important aspect of patient care, as evidenced by the fact that itís written into the first paragraph of the hospitalís mission statement. NVRH has a palliative care team consisting of physicians, care managers, a chaplain, nurses and dieticians.
"We can be creative and innovative," states Jan Oliver, Nurse Manager of the Medical/Surgical unit at NVRH. "Our systems are in place, and we work really well together as a team; thereís a great deal of collaboration, all putting the patients and family first."
The hospital provides a tote bag of items such as a journal, disposable camera, deck of cards, a teddy bear, aromatherapy and lotions. Families are encouraged to personalize the patientís room, whether itís with photographs or familiar and comforting items. The goal is to provide comfort and relaxation for a very moving and personal piece of life.
NVRH works collaboratively with other area agencies on palliative care issues, including, but not limited to, Caledonia Home Health Care, area nursing homes, and The Area Agency on Aging. "Itís great to have good communication with agencies in the area; weíre on the same page, wanting to maintain the best quality of life possible for our patients, as well as to provide a support system for the family," says Oliver.
Case Managers at NVRH also play a crucial role with patients and their families needing palliative care. "We are sensitive to individual needs; therefore, we have the conversations and offer the guidance that can be so difficult. Our goal is to help provide the best quality of life for patients. Itís definitely a team effort," states Pam Brink, NVRH Case Manager.
To learn more about programs and services at NVRH, please visit www.nvrh.org. | <urn:uuid:625b160b-de08-420d-9eed-168d034ccd4e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nvrh.org/interior.php/pid/6/tid/32/nid/109 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00451-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960737 | 641 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Window flower pots can be small enough to sit on a window sill or large enough to hang from the window ledge. You can build either size window flower pot from wood or clay. Build small indoor window flower pots to sit on a wide window sill by using common household objects as molds. Decorate the window flower pots with acrylic paints, mosaic tiles or flat backed cabochons.
Knead a palm-size section of polymer clay by hand to soften it.
Spread a sheet of wax paper over a flat work surface. Throw the softened clay onto the center of the wax paper. Flatten the clay ball with your hand.
Measure the circumference and height of a small can. Soup cans will fit on most window sills, but use a larger can if it will fit on your window sill.
Roll the clay into a thick rectangle with a clay roller. The width of the rectangle should equal the circumference of the can. The rectangle's height should be no taller than the can, but you can make it shorter if you prefer a small flower pot.
Remove the packaging from the outside of the can. Clean and dry the can. Spray the outside of the can with non-stick cooking spray. The cooking spray will act as a release agent when you remove the can from the baked clay.
Wrap the flattened clay rectangle around the can. Smooth the seam where the ends of the clay meet together with your fingers.
Repeat steps 1, 4 and 6 to add another layer to the flower pot. Smooth all of the seams together with your fingers.
Soften and roll out a 2-inch wide strip of clay to fit the circumference of the can. Place the 2-inch wide strip at the top of the clay on the can to make a lip for the flower pot. This will come in handy if you decide to hang the pot in the window. Smooth the strip onto the clay with your fingers.
Soften and roll a section of clay to fit the bottom of the can. Turn the can upside down and place the clay onto the bottom of the can. Smooth the clay into the clay on the can. Puncture three to four small holes into the clay on the bottom of the can to make drainage holes for the flower pot.
Line a baking sheet with tin foil. Bake the clay covered can in the oven according to the manufacturer's directions. After the clay cools, remove the can.
Add one to two layers of clay glaze to the outside and the inside of flower pot. Allow the glaze to dry according to the manufacturer's directions between coats. | <urn:uuid:6ece58b2-7b65-49a5-95ba-cf80378775cc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gardenguides.com/99981-build-window-flower-pot.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00147-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897941 | 528 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Lang Shining is the Chinese name of the Italian Giuseppe Castiglione, a native of Milan who entered the Jesuit priesthood at the age of 19, taking up the study of painting and architecture. At 27 he journeyed to China as a missionary and served the Qing court. He excelled at Western techniques to render subjects, his paintings featuring color washes and the effects of light and shadows. This work depicts a white falcon with Western painting techniques. The eyes and even the white feathers all emphasize the effect of light. The background of a pine tree and mountain spring was likely by a painter specializing in traditional Chinese techniques. This bird of prey was submitted as tribute by Fuheng in 1751, Castiglione being about 62 years old at the time.
The picture has gone through high resolution image processing and professional color management, and been printed on the high-quality art paper to reproduce the original warm texture and delicate colors.
Each item comes with detailed product information in Chinese, English and Japanese. Customers of different countries can better understand the features and introduction of the products.
Each item comes with National Palace Museum's security label in order to confirm the product quality and authorization.
Appendix : Detailed Product Information
1. This product has been authorized by National Palace Museum. Unauthorized reproduction will be prosecuted.
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4. The color of webpage image is slightly different from actual product due to lighting conditions during photo shoot and different display settings. Hence, the image is for reference only. Actual color should be subject to the product received.
5. As of returns and exchanges, please ensure the product is in a completely new condition and with complete packaging (including product, accessories, accompanying documents, and gifts, etc).
6. Please feel free to contact us if you would like to know more on how the product is used or if you have any questions about the product. | <urn:uuid:e45de4ec-1344-428f-a0bf-42c5823471e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.giclee.com.tw/official/index.php?route=product/product&path=311&product_id=184 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.951352 | 474 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Preah Khan temple is located 2 kilometers north-east of Angkor Thom on the Grand Circuit. The temple was built in the second half of the 12th century in AD 1191 by King Jaya-varman VII, dedicating to his father Dharanindravarman.
The Buddhist complex covers 56 hectares served as the nucleus of a group that includes Neak Pean and Ta Som, located 4 kilometers long Jayatataka Baray—the last of the great re¬servoirs to be built in Angkor.
The inscription indicates that Preah Khan was built on the battle site where King Jaya-varman VII finally defeated the Chams. In those days it was known as Nagarajayacri which mean the city of Preah Khan.
Four concentric ramparts subdivide Preah Khan. The outer or fourth wall, which is encircled by a wide moat, today en¬closes a large tract of jungle, formerly the living quarters of the monks, students and attendants of Preah Khan. The second rampart delineated the principle religious compound of about four hectares within which there is a dense concen¬tration of temple and shrines. The central complex is Bud¬dhist. The northern and western sectors are dedicated to
Brahmanism— Vishnu (west) and Shiva (north), whilst the southern sector is a place of ancestor worship. The eastern sector forms the grand entrance to the central shrine.
A place for a king located near Preah Khan temple is called Veal Reacheak or Preah Reachea Dak. It is 1,500 meters long and 1,200 meters wide. Nearby about 700 meters north of Preah Khan temple along the road to Angkor Thomdistrict is another small temple called Ptu. The temple was made of laterite. | <urn:uuid:d014e57e-fcc1-4851-9a87-ea39ccc35673> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tourismcambodia.com/attractions/angkor/preah-khan.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00209-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969614 | 387 | 2.796875 | 3 |
There is an old saying that we judge others by what they do, but we want them to judge us by our intentions. That more or less sums up one of the central confusions engendered by our embrace of modernity’s Absolute No. 1 Favorite Moral Heresy: consequentialism.
Consequentialism, for anyone not fully up to speed on basic principles of Catholic moral teaching, is the belief that good ends justify evil means. Despite the fact that this notion has been condemned ever since Paul wrote Romans 3:8, most moderns and postmoderns, including Catholics, deeply believe it anyway.
Consequentialism is not a left or right heresy but a perennial favorite across the spectrum of political allegiances. It undergirds both leftwing commitment to abortion and rightwing commitment to torture. It’s why Planned Parenthood lies for the Greater Good of Protecting Women and why Live Action lies for the Greater Good of Exposing Planned Parenthood. The Axis used consequentialist arguments for bombing London, Rotterdam, Pearl Harbor, and Nanking. The Allies used consequentialist arguments for incinerating children in their beds in Dresden, Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki.
As a general rule, the way we assuage our consciences when we do evil for a good end is to pretend that the good end cancels out the sin that we do. If the good end we are seeking to achieve actually occurs, then we tell ourselves it was all for the best. So, as kids, we sneak into the piggy bank and steal the money to get Mom a birthday present, and she, being none the wiser, likes the present while never noticing the money is gone. Mission accomplished! Mom is happy, so what’s the problem? Indeed, wouldn’t it be petty and pharisaic, when Mom is so touched by her lovely present, to bring up the minor matter of some money that nobody will even miss? Of course it would! We meant well, and that’s all that matters! The good we did cancelled out the little matter of the theft. God, our God, has blessed us!
Of course, if our sin winds up not working and we get caught with our hand in the piggy bank, then we often tell ourselves a different story. So, for instance, if the piggy bank caper is discovered, we tell ourselves that what we intended to do was get a present for Mom. Sure, we got a little off base with the whole stealing thing, but what we intended to do was good. This makes our sin (we tell ourselves) okay. We’re not stealing the way bad people steal. Because bad people steal in order to do bad (like buying drugs or something). We were stealing in order to do good.
Because of this deep-seated need to compare ourselves with others (especially when we feel guilty), this notion that good ends taketh away the sins of the world is very deeply rooted, not only in how we think about our own sins but in how we think about the sins of others. We develop a stock set of characters in our minds who are easily defined Bad People — Nazis, child molesters, beheading terrorists, disgusting perverts, wife beaters, etc. — and we tell ourselves that Evil People like them are what real sin and evil looks like.
That may be true enough, as far as it goes. But we often make a cardinal mistake in misunderstanding why these people are so evil: namely, we tell ourselves that, unlike us, they do evil things for evil ends. When they commit some sin (we tell ourselves), they don’t have some good end in mind like us. So our sins are (perhaps, in some technical sense) “sins,” but they are easily excused because we meant well. Meanwhile, the sins of Truly Evil People are sins because they had no good end in view.
Because of this, we can easily tend to make Manichaean divisions between Truly Evil People (those whom we assume pursue evil ends by evil means) and charming rogues like ourselves (who pursue good ends by evil means).
Indeed, many of us seem to be pretty sure that the definition of “venial sin” is “to pursue a good end by sinful means,” while the definition of “mortal sin” is “to pursue an evil end by evil means.” Accordingly, we measure our sins by this criterion and come up smelling like roses — since, of course, our sins are always done in pursuit of some good ends while Truly Evil People . . . well, just look at them!
Truly Evil People like Them have no love whatsoever left in their hearts. They desire Evil itself and only mitigate their evil actions just so much as it might deceive people from seeing their obvious Evil goals. Charming rogues like us are diamonds in the rough, saints with dirty faces. Sure, we cut corners, but our goal is always a noble one.
Truly Evil People get up in the morning thinking, “How can I further the cause of Evil today?” Charming rogues like us may, sure enough, look out for number one a bit, but we mean well and, gosh darn it, you can’t help admiring that, even when we may have to get a bit rough with Truly Evil People by torturing them or dropping A-bombs on them.
Truly Evil People are monsters, and it is blasphemous to even speak of their desiring something good, because to do so humanizes them instead of righteously condemning them as the monsters they are. We charming rogues, on the other hand, should we find ourselves having to “go to the Dark Side” to fight the Truly Evil, always do so out of a noble fundamental commitment to goodness and are, in a way, self-sacrificing martyrs bravely willing to face even damnation by God Almighty Himself if necessary, if only that the greater good may be done by defeating Truly Evil people.
In fact, however, this notion that Truly Evil people are distinguished from us because they desire evil ends is false. That’s because every sin, whether venial or mortal, is committed in the disordered attempt to achieve some good end. Everything from the Holocaust to your hand in the cookie jar is the disordered attempt to obtain some good. And indeed, the more exalted the good end, the more the sinner can feel justified in doing something monstrous to achieve it. For this reason, sins do not become “not sins” merely because we intend some good end. For the simple fact is that everybody, from the kid fibbing about the piggy bank to Adolf Hitler, is seeking some good end. What makes a sin a sin is not that the end sought is not good, but that a good end is sought by evil means. The severity of a sin is measured not by the nobility of the end we seek — Hitler, after all, sought a glorious renewed Germany risen from the ashes of World War I — but by how radically disordered are the means we use to achieve that end (e.g., the death of millions innocent people).
So then: Here is a brief tutorial on the Catholic conception of sin. Nothing, not even Satan, is purely evil. That’s because evil is fundamentally parasitic on good. Satan is not God’s evil twin. He is a creature, infinitely inferior to God the Creator and who depends upon God for such meager possessions — existence, intellect, will, and power — as he still possesses after having radically perverted himself in total rebellion against God and assertion of himself. Insofar as he retains these goods from God, these goods remain good (albeit radically perverted), and he cannot undo them. If he could, he would cease to exist, since existence is a good.
In the same way with the even more inferior creature called Man — even the man we call Hitler — we find that all human sin is a radically disordered form of love, as Augustine tells us. Sin consists — always — in the pursuit of a good object by disordered means: putting what should be second in first place. In short, it’s not that the sinner doesn’t love; it’s that he loves things in the wrong order and puts, say, wealth or power (both good things) before persons or human beings before God.
This frightens us, and we love to trot out the rhetoric of outrage at this point. “Oh, so poor Hitler meant well because he loved his dog!” we shout. “So I’m supposed to feel sorry for Ted Bundy who was only looking for love, eh?” Note the Manichaean thinking: Truly Evil People can’t possibly be motivated by love. Nor can they possibly be seeking happiness or a good end. They do what they do because they are bad right through. If we entertain the possibility that Charles Manson or Heinrich Himmler sought some good end just as we do, then we (gasp!) humanize the grave sinner — which is as good as saying that they “mean well,” which is as good as saying that what they are doing isn’t even a sin! Why? Because that’s what we tell ourselves to exonerate ourselves of our own sins.
Except, of course, that this is all rubbish, because (to repeat) all sin — all of it — consists of the attempt to pursue a good end by evil means, mass murder as much as stealing from the piggy bank.
All sin, great and small, is an attempt to gain some Good (power, happiness, release from pain, etc.) by some disordered means, either colossally so or trivially so. That’s because the desire for happiness is not optional for us. It is built into our nature by God Himself. And so, as St. Thomas points out, we can’t not desire our happiness, which is to say, we can’t not desire some good end. The implications of this are startling — but only to people unfamiliar with the Catholic conception of sin. Hitler and Stalin both sought happiness. Charles Manson has spent his whole life in pursuit of some good end. So did Anton LaVey or any random sadistic fiend in one of Saddam Hussein’s torture chambers.
But here’s the thing: That’s not to their credit, nor does it baptize their crimes in the maudlin tears of “they meant well.” It’s simply a fact about how they, like all humans, are made and sent from the factory: We can’t not want our happiness. All we can do is choose to pursue our happiness in ways that obey God or in ways that range from venially to radically disordered (i.e., gravely evil) ways.
To say, “But I meant well” if we merely mean, “There was some good thing I was pursuing because I loved it and thought it would bring me happiness” is no sign at all that we are a saint. After all, Judas Iscariot could say as much. He wanted something good (i.e., money, peace from his tormented conscience, etc.). Hitler wanted happiness and various good ends (power, a greater Germany, etc.) He was motivated by love for something (his own glory, the glory of the Fatherland, a perverted and swollen love of country that vaunted itself again the love of his non-German neighbor and even against the love of God, as nationalism tends to do).
Every freakish monster in history, from John Wayne Gacy to Jeffrey Dahmer to Ted Bundy, was, in some way or other, seeking a good end (sexual pleasure, power, etc.) So does every sinner, great and small, who says, “Let us do evil that good may come of it.” Any idiot can want happiness, because it’s impossible for any idiot to not want happiness. The trick — always — is to pursue happiness without cutting moral corners — like, say, “You shall not murder.”
It is only when we pursue the good end without using sinful means — not robbing the piggy bank to buy Mom the present, not destroying the baby to ward off poverty, not incinerating children in their beds to win the war, not torturing the prisoner to save your skin — that we can truly say we meant well. Desiring happiness is a defining characteristic of what it means to be human. It is a great inbuilt faculty from God. But it is not the defining characteristic of a saint. For a saint seeks happiness by God’s means only and refuses the enticement of the devil to take shortcuts to Wisdom as he whispers, “You shall not surely die. Go ahead and disobey. In fact, it will make you like God if you do!”
The answer and model of resistance to all this is what Lent is all about. For Jesus too was tempted and, as with all temptation, He was offered not evil things but good things, and urged to embrace them in a disordered way: above the love of God.
Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain, and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and the glory of them; and he said to him, “All these I will give you, if you will fall down and worship me.” Then Jesus said to him, “Begone, Satan! for it is written, ‘You shall worship the Lord your God and him only shall you serve.'” (Mt 4:8-10)
His answer must be ours, and His grace stands ready to make it so. That is the promise of Lent. | <urn:uuid:e57bb3e7-3542-4a94-9dfe-76b2ec5ea746> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.crisismagazine.com/2011/means-and-ends | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00249-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958833 | 2,902 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Researchers at Sterling University’s school of natural science found protection for wildlife is widely lacking in some areas where no ecological survey is required during the planning stages.
The study, funded by the Leverhulme Trust and published in the Journal of Applied Ecology, focused on the variations in the planning process between different local authorities in England, Scotland and Wales.
It concludes that with such major differences in the level of consideration given protecting birds and bats from the effects of wind turbines, a new set of national guidelines are now required.
Dr Kirsty Park, the study’s lead author, told the BBC: “Micro-turbines are fast becoming a common sight within the UK and elsewhere in Europe and the United States.
“However, in spite of rapid growth in numbers, there has been little study of their possible impact of wildlife, which could include collisions of birds and bats with turbines, or disturbance effects.
“The potential wildlife impacts of small wind turbines are ranked of lower importance by many planning officials than visual or noise concerns.” | <urn:uuid:887d375c-fe0d-4efc-8b7e-151683c69474> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.renewableenergyinstaller.co.uk/2012/11/call-for-wind-turbine-bird-protection-rules/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.947798 | 218 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Officials in British Columbia are urging residents of communities at elevated risk of flooding to be prepared if water levels rise due to rapidly melting snow from too much rain.
Armel Castellan, a warning preparedness meteorologist with Environment Canada, says a fine balance is needed between rain and warmth to prevent this season’s flooding and allow for a gradual melt of record snowpacks.
He says May and June are the wet part of the year for the B.C. Interior, from the southern Rockies all the way up to Yukon, so the focus over the next few weeks will be to watch for heavy rain accompanied by lightning, or prolonged heat.
Castellan says up to 70 millimetres of rain could fall in some parts of the province between Thursday and Saturday.
He says the Liard River could get from 20 to 40 millimetres of rain where a flood warning is already in place for communities along that river and its tributaries in northeastern B.C.
In central B.C., flood watches have been posted for the Skeena, Bulkley, Quesnel and Horsefly rivers and their tributaries, while a high streamflow advisory is in place for a 600-kilometre stretch of the Fraser River, from Quesnel through Metro Vancouver to the ocean.
Castellan says it’s important to stay tuned to daily weather reports for various regions of the province because long-term predictions are tricky in assessing smaller tributaries and creeks where water levels could quickly rise.
Dave Campbell, head of the River Forecast Centre, says that while B.C. is in the middle of freshet season, when the mountain snowpack melts filling rivers, the latest data from June 1 shows an ongoing trend of high snowpacks that are about four weeks behind their usual melting schedule.
“In the high mountains in the Interior, we’re seeing not only the delay, but there’s still lots of snow to come down,” he says, adding the Quesnel and North Thompson rivers and their tributaries in the upper Fraser River have record snowpacks.
Campbell says similar snowpack conditions last occurred in B.C. in 2012.
He says current conditions mean there’s no risk of the level of flooding seen in parts of B.C. last November due to so-called atmospheric rivers.
Record-setting rain washed away highways, bridges and homes then and five people were killed in mudslides. Thousands of farm animals died when dikes burst in the Fraser Valley and farmers couldn’t move their livestock.
Pader Brach, executive director of regional operations for Emergency Management BC, says people in flood-prone areas should contact friends and family they could stay with in case of an evacuation order because commercial accommodations may be full with summer travellers.
—The Canadian Press | <urn:uuid:37d1fa38-688c-4886-be91-b3af134750b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lacombeexpress.com/news/residents-of-flood-prone-areas-in-b-c-urged-to-be-ready-to-leave-at-short-notice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.949042 | 590 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis
What is juvenile ankylosing spondylitis?
Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis (JAS) is a type of arthritis that affects the spine and the sites where the muscles, tendons, and ligaments are attached to bone. "Ankylosing" means stiff or rigid, "spondyl" means spine, and "itis" refers to inflammation. The disease causes inflammation of the spine and large joints, resulting in stiffness and pain. The disease may result in erosion at the joint between the spine and the hip bone (the sacroiliac joint), and the formation of bony bridges between vertebrae in the spine, fusing those bones. In addition, bones in the chest may fuse.
JAS is considered to be a multifactorial condition. Multifactorial inheritance means that "many factors" are involved in causing a health problem. The factors are usually both genetic and environmental, where a combination of genes from both parents, in addition to unknown environmental factors, produce the trait or condition. Often one gender (either males or females) is affected more frequently than the other in multifactorial traits. Multifactorial traits do recur in families because they are partly caused by genes.
A group of genes on chromosome 6 code for HLA antigens play a major role in susceptibility and resistance to disease. Specific HLA antigens influence the development of many common disorders. Some of these disorders, such as JAS, are autoimmune related and inherited in a multifactorial manner. When a child has a specific HLA antigen type associated with the disease, he/she is thought to have an increased chance to develop the disorder. The HLA antigen associated with JAS is called B27. Children with the B27 HLA antigen are thought to have an increased chance (or "genetic susceptibility") to develop JAS; however, it is important to understand that a child without this antigen may also develop JAS. This means HLA antigen testing is not diagnostic or accurate for prediction of the condition. Males are affected with JAS three times more often than females.
JAS is one of four disorders which are classified as spondyloarthropathies. The other disorders are psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and Reiter's syndrome. These disorders have similar features such as:
Inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints
Family history of the disease
Similar nonarthritis symptoms
Absence of rheumatoid factor (RF) in the blood (an antibody found in the blood of most, but not all, people who have rheumatoid arthritis, as well as other rheumatic diseases)
Who is affected by juvenile ankylosing spondylitis?
AS strikes young people, typically between ages 17 and 35, but it also may affect adolescents. AS is thought to affect males two to three times more often than it does females.
What are the symptoms of juvenile ankylosing spondylitis?
Symptoms of JAS tend to occur and disappear over periods of time. The following are the most common symptoms of JAS. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
Back pain, usually most severe at night during rest
Early morning stiffness
Stooped posture in response to back pain (bending forward tends to relieve the pain)
Inability to take a deep breath, if the joints between the ribs and spine are affected
Pain at the site of attachment of muscles, ligaments, and/or tendons to bone (enthesitis)
Joint pain, particularly in the legs
Vague pain, usually in the buttocks, thighs, heels, or near the shoulders
Eye inflammation that is painful and causes redness and light sensitivity; may have frequent recurrences of eye inflammation
Organ damage, such as the heart, lungs, and eyes
Symptoms of juvenile ankylosing spondylitis may resemble other medical conditions or problems. Always consult your child's physician for a diagnosis.
How is juvenile ankylosing spondylitis diagnosed?
In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for juvenile ankylosing spondylitis may include:
X-rays--a diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate)--a measurement of how quickly red blood cells fall to the bottom of a test tube. When swelling and inflammation are present, the blood's proteins clump together and become heavier than normal. Thus, when measured, they fall and settle faster at the bottom of the test tube. Generally, the faster the blood cells fall, the more severe the inflammation. (People with JAS often have an elevated ESR.)
Detection of (HLA-B27) antigen--HLA-B27 is an antigen (a substance that causes the body to produce antibodies to fight bacteria, viruses, and other "foreign" particles to prevent infection) whose presence may indicate the presence of some type of autoimmune disease (a condition in which the body's own defenses begin to attack the body's cells).
Treatment for juvenile ankylosing spondylitis
The goal of treatment for JAS is to reduce pain and stiffness, prevent deformities, and help your child maintain as normal and active a lifestyle as possible.
Specific treatment for juvenile ankylosing spondylitis will be determined by your child's physician based on:
Your child's overall health and medical history
Extent of the condition
Your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, and therapies
Expectation for the course of the disease
Your opinion or preference
Treatment may include:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, NSAIDs, (to reduce pain and inflammation)
Short-term use of corticosteroids (to reduce inflammation)
Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS), such as methotrexate or biologics, such as infliximab or etanercept, which are designed to interfere with your body's inflammatory response
Maintain proper posture
Regular exercise, including exercises that strengthen back muscles | <urn:uuid:865d108a-c1b2-4927-b28e-732030f674cd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.novanthealth.org/home/patients--visitors/health-information/health-library/navid/281/topic/482/doc/271679.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00114-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92812 | 1,307 | 3.578125 | 4 |
"Marlinspike moved from the Bay Area to Los Angeles in 2018, in part to work on a side project with friends—an ecological restoration “experience” intended to mitigate the depletion of coastal kelp forests. Participants would spend three days earning their scuba certifications, then paddle out to nearshore ecosystems, exploring the kelp forests and planting spores. The project, Marlinspike said, was “at the confluence of a few things that I’m interested in, like ocean ecology, climate change, potential climate-change remediation.” Marlinspike’s close friend, who was also involved, said that the goal was for participants to be transformed: “What is the future of the world? Who are people in positions where they can change that future? How do we have those people do something that is going to change their world view, that might then change what they want to do?” The project fell through earlier this year, partly because of the pandemic but also because it is notoriously difficult to grow kelp from seed, and possibly illegal to plant it in the ocean at one’s leisure.
During our conversations, Marlinspike avoided making declarative statements about his plans and frequently declined requests to put seemingly innocuous information on the record. When I returned to his personal writing, I felt almost taunted by its attention to detail. I was particularly drawn to a blog post about a bicycle trip he took last year with friends through the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, the eighteen-mile radius around the Chernobyl nuclear plant, in Ukraine, which was evacuated on April 27, 1986. (Access to the area, which is variously radioactive, is limited to maintenance crews, scientists, and scheduled guided tours.) Aided by a cheap compass, dust masks, and dosimeters, they slept in an abandoned apartment, surrounded by aging domestic detritus, and wandered through the buildings of Pripyat, the former factory town, at night. The Exclusion Zone was “paradise, but a paradise you can’t enjoy,” he wrote. “The experience is full of tensions. . . . You have to be careful about where you sit, what you eat, how you eat it, what you touch; which is—ironically—why it exists. The reason it’s so beautiful and so peaceful is precisely because we can’t consume it. Like, perhaps, all real paradises everywhere.”"
The Sun – "Instagram influencers slammed for taking sick sexy selfies in Chernobyl nuclear death zone in desperate bid for ‘likes’"
Chernobyl (June 2019)
Traveling to Chernobyl (March 2020) | <urn:uuid:dd4e3a58-0b17-423a-97fd-8a9a469aa287> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://blog.wedefyaugury.us/2020/10/chernobyl-paradise.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968869 | 573 | 1.640625 | 2 |
DETROIT - Hospitals can greatly improve their flu vaccination rate among health care workers by using a mandatory employee vaccination policy, according to a Henry Ford Health System study.
Citing its own data, Henry Ford researchers say the health system achieved employee vaccination rates of 99 percent in the first two years of its mandatory policy, in which annual vaccination compliance is a condition of employment.
Nationally, 63 percent of health care workers were immunized against the flu in the past two years, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Allison Weinmann, M.D., a Henry Ford Hospital Infectious Diseases physician and study co-author, says it was only after the health system went to the mandatory policy for the 2012-13 flu season did the vaccination rate substantial improve. Ongoing employee communication and having available vaccine were also key factors, Dr. Weinmann says.
The study is being presented Saturday at the 54th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in Washington D.C.
"As expected we got push-back from employees. But we always believed it was the right thing to do for patient and employee safety," says Dr. Weinmann, who leads the health system's immunization task force and was an early champion of the mandatory policy.
"The health and safety of our patients and employees is paramount, and requiring employees to receive vaccination every flu season will help reduce the spread of infection to our patients. We also were proactive in vaccinating hospitalized patients."
More than 9,600 people were hospitalized for the flu during the 2013-14 flu season, and 60 percent of them were between the ages 18-64, the CDC says. The CDC recommends vaccination for anyone six months and older.
For years, Henry Ford was like many health systems and hospitals requiring voluntary vaccination among employees. Between 2005 and 2010, its vaccination rate hovered between 41 percent and 55 percent, though the health system's goal was always 100 percent immunization.
For the 2010-11 flu season, Henry Ford made a shift in policy, requiring:
- Annual vaccination for employees in patient care areas.
- An opt-out measure allowed employees in patient care areas to forgo vaccination for wearing a mask.
- Vaccination was highly recommended, though not required, for employees in non-patient care areas.
Vaccination rates jumped to 84 percent and 87 percent between 2010-2012.
For the 2012-13 flu season, Henry Ford revised its policy once more, this time requiring annual vaccination for all employees. The result was a 99 percent vaccination rate. The Detroit-based Henry Ford has more than 23,000 employees.
An opt-out measure allows employees to decline vaccination for a medical or religious reason. These employees must complete a declination form, which requires their physician or religious leader to state the reason for forgoing vaccination and to sign their name.
Dr. Weinmann says the number of medical and religious declinations, coupled with employees who chose to leave their job in lieu of vaccination, accounted for less than 1 percent of its workforce.
"Our success is attributed to three factors: Our commitment to patient and employee safety, aggressive employee communication and education and making sure we have enough vaccine to accommodate everyone," Dr. Weinmann says. "We couldn't have made the strides we did without all three working together.
"A big hurdle was addressing the myths associated with the vaccine itself and reassuring employees this was all safety driven."
The study was funded by Henry Ford Hospital. | <urn:uuid:4c267eab-0039-4dfd-b307-b3253fcd869e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/hfhs-mpb090414.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00293-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96952 | 719 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Germ 7-14 days
Large, mild flavored, and store well. Tops are pale purple with a nice yellow flesh. Each root weighs in at over a pound and the texture is fine. What could be more perfect in a New England boiled dinner? 100 seeds
Outdoors- Sow 1/2” deep, thinning to 4-6” apart, late spring/early summer, 80-90 days before planned harvest, usually after a few frosts, when they are the sweetest.
Harvest- After a few frosts, before they get to big. Cut tops off and store.
Tips- Plant in fertile soil amended with compost and keep well watered. Great storage vegetable, up to 6 months. | <urn:uuid:792a139f-30a0-470b-982e-341c95eafea5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.superseeds.com/products/laurentian-rutabaga-heirloom | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00038-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939026 | 152 | 1.625 | 2 |
German Army (German Empire)
|Role||Protecting the German Empire and its interests by using ground and air forces.|
13,500,000 (World War I)
|Motto(s)||"Gott mit uns"|
|Colors||Black, white, and red|
The Imperial German Army (German: Deutsches Heer) was the name given to the combined land and air forces of the German Empire (excluding the Marine-Fliegerabteilung maritime aviation formations of the Kaiserliche Marine). The term Deutsches Heer is also used for the modern German Army, the land component of the Bundeswehr. The German Army was formed after the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership in 1871 and dissolved in 1919, after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I.
- 1 Formation and name
- 2 Command
- 3 Structure
- 4 Reserve system
- 5 Industrial base
- 6 Air Force
- 7 Ranks of the Imperial German Army
- 7.1 Enlisted (Mannschaften/Gemeine) ranks
- 7.2 Non-commissioned officers / Unteroffiziere
- 7.3 Warrant Officers and Officer Cadets
- 7.4 Officer corps
- 8 Dissolution
- 9 See also
- 10 Notes
- 11 Further reading
- 12 External links
Formation and name
The states that made up the German Empire contributed their armies; within the German Confederation, formed after the Napoleonic Wars, each state was responsible for maintaining certain units to be put at the disposal of the Confederation in case of conflict. When operating together, the units were known as the Federal Army (Bundesheer). The Federal Army system functioned during various conflicts of the 19th century, such as the First Schleswig War from 1848–50 but by the time of the Second Schleswig War of 1864, tension had grown between the main powers of the confederation, the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia and the German Confederation was dissolved after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.
Prussia formed the North German Confederation and the treaty provided for the maintenance of a Federal Army and a Federal Navy (Bundesmarine or Bundeskriegsmarine). Further laws on military duty also used these terms. Conventions (some later amended) were entered into between the North German Confederation and its member states, subordinating their armies to the Prussian army in time of war, and giving the Prussian Army control over training, doctrine and equipment.
Shortly after the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, the North German Confederation also entered into conventions on military matters with states that were not members of the confederation, namely the Bavaria, Württemberg, and Baden. Through these conventions and the 1871 Constitution of the German Empire, an Army of the Realm (Reichsheer) was created. The contingents of the Bavarian, Saxon and Württemberg kingdoms remained semi-autonomous, while the Prussian Army assumed almost total control over the armies of the other states of the Empire. The Constitution of the German Empire, dated April 16, 1871, changed references in the North German Constitution from Federal Army to either Army of the Realm (Reichsheer) or German Army (Deutsches Heer).
After 1871, the peacetime armies of the four kingdoms remained relatively distinct. "German Army" was used in various legal documents, such as the Military Penal Code, but otherwise the Prussian, Bavarian, Saxon and Württemberg armies maintained distinct identities. Each kingdom had its own War Ministry, Bavaria and Saxony published their own rank and seniority lists for their officers and the Württemberg list was a separate chapter of the Prussian army rank lists. Württemberg and Saxon units were numbered according to the Prussian system but Bavarian units maintained their own numbers (the 2nd Württemberg Infantry Regiment was Infantry Regiment No. 120 under the Prussian system).
The commander of the Imperial German Army, less the Bavarian contingent, was the Kaiser. He was assisted by a Military Cabinet and exercised control through the Prussian Ministry of War and the Great General Staff. The Chief of the General Staff became the Kaiser's main military advisor and the most powerful military figure in the Empire. Bavaria kept its own Ministry of War and General Staff, but coordinated planning with the Prussian Great General Staff. Saxony also maintained its own Ministry of War and the Ministry of War of Württemberg also continued to exist.
Command of the Prussian Army had been reformed in the wake of the defeats suffered by Prussia in the Napoleonic Wars. Rather than rely primarily on the martial skills of the individual members of the German nobility, who dominated the military profession, the Prussian Army instituted changes to ensure excellence in leadership, organization and planning. The General Staff system, that sought to institutionalize military excellence, was the main result. It sought to identify military talent at the lower levels and develop it thoroughly through academic training and practical experience on division, corps and higher staffs, up to the Great General Staff, the senior planning body of the army. It provided planning and organizational work during peacetime and wartime. The Prussian General Staff, proven in battle in the Wars of Unification, became the German General Staff upon formation of the German Empire, given Prussia's leading role in the German Army.
Chiefs of the German General Staff (1871–1919)
- Helmuth von Moltke the Elder 7 October 1857 – 10 August 1888
- Alfred von Waldersee 10 August 1888 – 7 February 1891
- Alfred von Schlieffen 7 February 1891 – 1 January 1906
- Helmuth von Moltke the Younger 1 January 1906 – 14 September 1914
- Erich von Falkenhayn 14 September 1914 – 29 August 1916
- Paul von Hindenburg 29 August 1916 – 3 July 1919
- Wilhelm Groener 3 July 1919 – 7 July 1919
- Hans von Seeckt 7 July 1919 – 15 July 1919
The basic peacetime organizational structure of the Imperial German Army were the Army inspectorate (Armee-Inspektion), the army corps (Armeekorps), the division and the regiment. During wartime, the staff of the Army inspectorates formed field army commands, which controlled the corps and subordinate units. During World War I, a higher command level, the army group (Heeresgruppe), was created. Each army group controlled several field armies.
Germany was divided into army inspectorates, each of which oversaw three or four corps. There were five in 1871, with three more added between 1907 and 1913.
- I Army Inspectorate: Headquartered in Danzig, became the 8th Army on mobilisation (2 August 1914)
- II Army Inspectorate: Headquartered in Berlin, became the 3rd Army on mobilisation (2 August 1914)
- III Army Inspectorate: Headquartered in Hannover, became the 2nd Army on mobilisation (2 August 1914)
- IV Army Inspectorate: Headquartered in Munich, became the 6th Army on mobilisation (2 August 1914)
- V Army Inspectorate: Headquartered in Karlsruhe, became the 7th Army on mobilisation (2 August 1914)
- VI Army Inspectorate: Headquartered in Stuttgart, became the 4th Army on mobilisation (2 August 1914)
- VII Army Inspectorate: Headquartered in Berlin, became the 5th Army on mobilisation (2 August 1914)
- VIII Army Inspectorate: Headquartered in Saarbrücken, became the 1st Army on mobilisation (2 August 1914)
The basic organizational formation was the army corps (Armeekorps). The corps consisted of two or more divisions and various support troops, covering a geographical area. The corps was also responsible for maintaining the reserves and Landwehr in the corps area. By 1914, there were 21 corps areas under Prussian jurisdiction and three Bavarian army corps. Besides the regional corps, there was also a Guard Corps (Gardecorps), which controlled the elite Prussian Guard units. A corps usually included a light infantry (Jäger) battalion, a heavy artillery (Fußartillerie) battalion, an engineer battalion, a telegraph battalion and a trains battalion. Some corps areas also disposed of fortress troops; each of the 25 corps had a Field Aviation Unit (Feldflieger Abteilung) attached to it normally equipped with six unarmed "A" or "B" class unarmed two-seat observation aircraft apiece.
In wartime, the army corps became a mobile tactical formation and four Höhere Kavallerie-Kommando (Higher Cavalry Commands) were formed from the Cavalry Inspectorate, the equivalent of corps, being made up of two divisions of cavalry.
The areas formerly covered by the corps each became the responsibility of a Wehrkreis (Military District, sometimes translated as Corps Area). The Military Districts were to supervise the training and enlistment of reservists and new recruits. Originally each Military District was linked to an army corps; thus Wehrkreis I took over the area that I. Armeekorps had been responsible for and sent replacements to the same formation. The first sixteen Reserve Corps raised followed the same pattern; X. Reserve-Korps was made up of reservists from the same area as X. Armeekorps. However, these links between rear areas and front line units were broken as the war went on and later corps were raised with troops from all over Germany.
The basic tactical formation was the division. A standard Imperial German division consisted of two infantry brigades of two regiments each, a cavalry brigade of two regiments, and an artillery brigade of two regiments. One of the divisions in a corps area usually also managed the corps Landwehr region (Landwehrbezirk). In 1914, besides the Guard Corps (two Guard divisions and a Guard cavalry division), there were 42 regular divisions in the Prussian Army (including four Saxon divisions and two Württemberg divisions), and six divisions in the Bavarian Army.
These divisions were all mobilized in August 1914. They were reorganized, receiving engineer companies and other support units from their corps, and giving up most of their cavalry to form cavalry divisions. Reserve divisions were also formed, Landwehr brigades were aggregated into divisions, and other divisions were formed from replacement (Ersatz) units. As World War I progressed, additional divisions were formed, and by wars' end, 251 divisions had been formed or reformed in the German Army's structure.
The regiment was the basic combat unit as well as the recruiting base for soldiers. When inducted, a soldier entered a regiment, usually through its replacement battalion, and received his basic training. There were three basic types of regiment: infantry, cavalry and artillery. Other specialties, such as pioneers (combat engineers) and signal troops, were organized into smaller support units. Regiments also carried the traditions of the army, in many cases stretching back into the 17th and 18th centuries. After World War I, regimental traditions were carried forward in the Reichswehr and its successor, the Wehrmacht, but the chain of tradition was broken in 1945 as West German and East German units did not carry forward pre-1945 traditions.
When the British decided to reform their army in the 1860s, they surveyed the major European forces and decided that the Prussian system was the best one. That system was continued into the Imperial Army after 1871 and resulted in a modest cadre of professional officers and sergeants, and a large reserve force that could be quickly mobilised at the start of a war. The British could not use the system because they rejected conscription. The Japanese, however, were also observing the reserve system and, unlike the British, decided to copy the Prussian model. Barnett explains that every young man was drafted at age 18, with the upper-class becoming officers:
- the Prussian system... was based on service of only three years with the colors... and four years in the reserve. The Prussian standing army had become simply a training cadre for the intake of conscripts. The Prussian army's organization for peace and war was virtually the same. Prussia was divided into army-corps districts for the purposes both of administration and of recruitment. On the outbreak of war the command organizations of the district became that of a corps in the field. Localization of the Army and its recruitment gave the districts pride and interest in their 'own' corps.
Germany had the largest industrial base in Europe, having surpassed Britain by 1900. The Army closely cooperated with industry, especially in the World War, with particular focus on the very rapidly changing aircraft industry. The Army set prices and labor exemptions, regulated the supply of credit and raw materials, limited patent rights so as to allow cross-licensing among firms, and supervised management–labor relationships. The result was very rapid expansion and a high output of high quality aircraft, as well as high wages that attracted the best machinists. Apart from aircraft, the Army's regulation of the rest of the war economy was inefficient.
The Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte, known before 1916 as Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches (Imperial German Flying Troops), was the over-land air arm of the German Army during World War I (1914–1918). Although its name actually means something very close to "The German Air Force", it remained an integral part of the German Army for the duration of the war. The Kaiserliche Marine naval forces of the German Empire had their own, separate Marine-Fliegerabteilung maritime aviation forces, apart from the Luftstreitkräfte of the Army.
Ranks of the Imperial German Army
The German Army from 1871 to 1914 inherited the various traditions and military ranks of its constituent states, thus becoming a truly federal armed service.
Enlisted (Mannschaften/Gemeine) ranks
- Musketeer (Musketier, Prussian army infantry regiments), Infantryman (Infanterist, Bavarian army infantry regiments), Soldier (Soldat, Saxon army infantry regiments), Gunner (Kanonier, foot artillery), Pioneer (Pionier, pioneer branch). Other unit-specific enlisted ranks were: Fusilier (Füsilier), Grenadier (Grenadier), Huntsman otherwise Light-Infantryman (Jäger), Dragoon (Dragoner), Hussar (Husar), Cuirassier (Kürassier), Uhlan (Ulan), Fusilier Guard (Garde-Füsilier), Grenadier Guard (Garde-Grenadier), etc.
- Lance Corporal (Gefreiter); up until 1918 the only rank (with exception of Obergefreiter in the foot artillery) to which an enlisted soldier could be promoted, the rank was a deputy rank to the Corporal (Unteroffizier) rank.
- Senior Lance Corporal (Obergefreiter); established in the Prussian Army from 1846 to 1853, reestablished in 1859, then in foot artillery only, replacing the artillery Bombardier rank that had been introduced in 1730.
Additionally, the following voluntary enlistees were distinguished:
- One-Year Volunteer Enlistee (Einjährig-Freiwilliger): despite the name, one-year volunteers were actually conscripts who served a short-term form of active military service, open for enlistees up to the age of 25. Such enlisted soldiers were usually high school graduates (Matura, Abitur), who would opt to serve a one-year term rather than the regular two or three-year conscription term, with free selection of their chosen military service branch and unit, but throughout were obligated to equip and subsist themselves at entirely their own cost. In today's monetary value, this could at bare minimum cost some 10,000 euro, which purposely reserved this path open to officer-material sons from mostly affluent social class families wishing to pursue the Reserve-Officer path; it was the specific intention of Wilhelm II that such Reserve-Officer career path should only be open to members of so-called "officer-material" social classes. On absolving their primary recruit training and shorter military service term, those aspiring to become Reserve-Officers would have to qualify and achieve suitability for promotion to the Gefreiter rank and then would continue to receive further specialized instruction until the end of their one-year term, usually attaining and leaving as surplus Corporals (überzählige Unteroffiziere) (Reservists), with the opportunity to advance further as reservists. Enlistees who did not aspire to officer grade would leave at the end of their one-year term as Gemeine (Ordinary soldier) enlisted rank (for example Musketier or Infanterist) and a six-year reserve duty obligation. Eligibility for this specific one-year path of military service was a privilege approved upon examining the enlistee's suitability and academic qualifications.
- Long-Term Volunteer Enlistee "Capitulant" (Kapitulant): enlisted soldiers who had already absolved their regular two or three-year military conscription term and had now volunteered to continue serving for further terms, minimum was 4 years, generally up to 12 years.
Note: Einjährig-Freiwilliger and Kapitulant were not ranks as such during this specific period of use, but voluntary military enlistee designations. They, however, wore a specific uniform distinction (twisted wool piping along their shoulder epaulette edging for Einjährig-Freiwilliger, the Kapitulant a narrow band across their lower shoulder epaulette) in the colours of their respective nation state. This distinction was never removed throughout their military service nor during any rank grade advancements.
Non-commissioned officers / Unteroffiziere
Junior NCOs (NCOs without the lanyard) / Unteroffizier ohne Portepee
Senior NCOs (NCOs with the lanyard) / Unteroffizier mit Portepee
- Deputy Sergeant-Major (Infantry: Vice-Feldwebel, Cavalry and Artillery: Vizewachtmeister/Vice-Wachtmeister) – rank held by reserve officer candidates after they passed lieutenant's examination
- Sergeant-Major (Infantry: Feldwebel (i.e. Etatmäßiger Feldwebel: CSM officially listed on the regiment's payroll, i.e. Etat), Cavalry and Artillery: (Etatmäßiger) Wachtmeister)
Warrant Officers and Officer Cadets
- Cadet (Fahnenjunker, ranking between Sergeant and Vizefeldwebel) – served as cadets in the various military academies and schools.
- Ensign (Fähnrich, ranking between Vize-Feldwebel and Etatmäßiger Feldwebel)
- Deputy Officer (Offizierstellvertreter, ranking above Etatmäßiger Feldwebel)
- Acting Lieutenant (Feldwebelleutnant, ranking as youngest 2nd Lieutenant, but without officer's commission and still member of the NCO's Mess until 1917)
Critics long believed that the Army's officer corps was heavily dominated by Junker aristocrats, so that commoners were shunted into low-prestige branches, such as the heavy artillery or supply. However, by the 1890s, the top ranks were opened to highly talented commoners.
Subalterns / Subalternoffiziere
- 2nd Lieutenant (Leutnant in the infantry, cavalry and other arms, Feuerwerksleutnant in the artillery)
- First Lieutenant (Oberleutnant, Feuerwerksoberleutnant)
- Staff Captain (Infantry and Artillery: Hauptmann/Kapitän II Klasse, Cavalry: Rittmeister II Klasse)
- Captain (Infantry and Artillery: Hauptmann/Kapitän I Klasse, Cavalry: Rittmeister I Klasse)
Staff Officers / Stabsoffiziere
General Officers / Generäle
- Major General (Generalmajor)
- Lieutenant General (Generalleutnant)
- General of the Infantry, General of the Cavalry, General of the Artillery (General der Infanterie, General der Kavallerie, General der Artillerie)
- Colonel General (Generaloberst)
- Colonel General in the rank of General Field Marshal (Generaloberst mit dem Rang als Generalfeldmarschall)
- General Field Marshal (Generalfeldmarschall)
- German General Staff
- Oberste Heeresleitung
- German Army
- Prussian Army
- Bavarian Army
- German Army order of battle (1914)
- German Army order of battle, Western Front (1918)
- All Quiet on the Western Front (novel set in World War I about German Army comrades)
- documentArchiv.de – Verfassung des Norddeutschen Bundes (16.04.1867)
- documentArchiv.de – Gesetz, betreffend die Verpflichtung zum Kriegsdienste (09.11.1867)
- The conventions were:
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde (bzw. Preußen) und Sachsen vom 7. Februar 1867
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Hessen vom 13. Juni 1871 (Ersatz für die vom 7. April 1867)
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Mecklenburg-Schwerin vom 19. Dezember 1872 (Ersatz für die von 24. Juni 1868)
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Mecklenburg-Strelitz vom 23. Dezember 1872 (Ersatz für die vom 9. November 1867)
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Oldenburg vom 15. Juni 1867
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Braunschweig vom 9./18. März 1886
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde einerseits und Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach, Sachsen-Altenburg, Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha, Sachsen-Meiningen, Reuß ältere Linie, Reuß jüngere Linie und Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt vom 15. September 1873
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Anhalt vom 16. September 1873 (Ersatz für die vom 28. Juni 1867)
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Schwarzburg-Sondershausen vom 17. September 1873 (Ersatz für die vom 28. Juni 1867)
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Lippe vom 14. November 1873 (Ersatz für die vom 26. Juni 1867)
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Schaumburg-Lippe vom 25. September 1873 (Ersatz für die vom 30. Juni 1867)
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Waldeck vom 24. November 1877 (Ersatz für die vom 6. August 1867)
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Lübeck vom 27. Juni 1867
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Bremen vom 27. Juni 1867
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Hamburg vom 23. Juli 1867
- The conventions were:
- Artikel III. § 5 of the Bundesvertrag vom 23. November 1870 mit Bayern
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Baden vom 25. November 1870
- Militärkonvention zwischen dem Norddeutschen Bunde und Württemberg vom 25. November 1870
- documentArchiv.de – Verfassung des Deutschen Reichs
- Militär-Strafgesetzbuch für das Deutsche Reich
- Günter Wegner, Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815–1939. (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1, pp.33–36
- van Wyngarden, G (2006). Early German Aces of World War I, Osprey Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84176-997-5
- Xavier Bara, Xavier (2012). "The Kishū Army and the Setting of the Prussian Model in Feudal Japan, 1860–1871". War in History. 19 (2): 153–171.
- Correlli Barnett, "Britain and her Army 1509–1970: A Military, Political and Social Survey" (1970) p. 285
- Morrow, John H., Jr (1977). "Industrialization Mobilization in World War I: The Prussian Army and the Aircraft Industry". Journal of Economic History. 37 (1): 3651. JSTOR 2119443.
- Grey and Thetford, P.xxix
- Duden; Origin and meaning of "Korporal", in German.
- "Gefreiter" – Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste, Erste Section, A-G, (Universal Encyclopaedia of the Sciences and Arts, First Section, A-G), Author: Johann Samuel Ersch and Johann Gottfried Gruber, Publisher: F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1852, Page 471-472, in German.
- Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th Edition, Volume 6, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1885–1892, Page 659. in German
- Duden; Definition of "Gemeine", in German.
- Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th Edition, Volume 10, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1885–1892, Page 116, in German
- Duden; Definition of "Kapitulant", in German.
- Ulrich Trumpener, "Junkers and Others: The Rise of Commoners in the Prussian Army, 1871–1914," Canadian Journal of History (1979) 14#1 pp 29–47
- Dennis E. Showalter, "The Political Soldiers of Bismarck's Germany: Myths and Realities," German Studies Review (1994) 17#1 pp. 59–77 in JSTOR
- Edmonds, James (1987). The Occupation of the Rhineland. London: HMSO. p. 213. ISBN 0-11-290454-8.
- Brose, Eric Dorn. The Kaiser's army: the politics of military technology in Germany during the machine age, 1870–1918 (Oxford University Press, 2004) online
- Citino, Robert M.. The German way of war: from the Thirty Years' War to the Third Reich (University Press of Kansas, 2005)
- Clemente, Steven E. For King and Kaiser! The Making of the Prussian Army Officer, 1860–1914 (1992) online
- Coetzee, Marilyn Shevin. The German Army League: Popular Nationalism in Wilhelmine Germany (Oxford University Press, 1990)
- Craig, Gordon A. The Politics of the Prussian Army, 1640–1945 (Oxford University Press, 1964)
- Demeter, K. The German Officer Corps in Society and State 1650–1945 (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1965)
- Feldman, Gerald. Army, Industry and Labour in Germany, 1914–1918 (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014)
- Foley, Robert T. "Institutionalized innovation: The German army and the changing nature of war 1871–1914." RUSI Journal 147.2 (2002): 84–90. online
- Herrera, Geoffrey L. "Inventing the Railroad and Rifle Revolution: Information, Military Innovation and the Rise of Germany." Journal of Strategic Studies (2004) 27#2 pp: 243–271. online
- Hull, Isabel V. Absolute destruction: Military culture and the practices of war in imperial Germany (Cornell University Press, 2004)
- Jackman, Steven D. "Shoulder to Shoulder: Close Control and" Old Prussian Drill" in German Offensive Infantry Tactics, 1871–1914." Journal of Military History 68.1 (2004): 73–104. online
- Kitchen, Martin. A Military History of Germany: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day (Indiana University Press, 1975)
- Kitchen, Martin. The German Officer Corps (Oxford UP, 1968)
- Mitchell, Allan. The great train race: railways and the Franco-German rivalry, 1815–1914 (Berghahn Books, 2000)
- Murphy, Patrick. "The Effect of Industrialization and Technology on Warfare: 1854–1878." (2006) online
- Muth, Jörg. Command Culture: Officer Education in the US Army and the German Armed Forces, 1901–1940, and the Consequences for World War II (University of North Texas Press, 2011)
- Showalter, Dennis. "From Deterrence to Doomsday Machine: The German Way of War, 1890–1914." Journal of Military History (2000) 64#3 pp: 679–710. in JSTOR
- Showalter, Dennis E. Railroads and rifles: soldiers, technology, and the unification of Germany (Archon Books, 1975)
- Showalter, Dennis E. "Army and Society in Imperial Germany: The Pains of Modernization." Journal of Contemporary History (1983): 583–618. in JSTOR
- Stevenson, David. "Fortifications and the European Military Balance before 1914." Journal of Strategic Studies (2012) 35#6 pp: 829–859.
- Stone, James. The war scare of 1875: Bismarck and Europe in the mid-1870s (Steiner, 2010)
- Stone, James. "Spies and diplomats in Bismarck’s Germany: collaboration between military intelligence and the Foreign Office, 1871–1881." Journal of Intelligence History (2014) 13#1 pp: 22–40.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Deutsches Heer.| | <urn:uuid:ef4a5ed9-e60c-42c3-b84e-0c27819e1d75> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Army_(German_Empire) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00025-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.875821 | 6,761 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Mexican Army at Buena Vista
Watercolor, 6 9/16t x 12 5/16 inches
click for larger image
This is a view of the battlefield of Buena Vista from the Mexican point of view looking north. The Mexican army, emerging from La Angostura, looks out on the broad plain. From this view, they cannot see the deep gullies between them and the American troops in the distance. Mexican troops, however, are already starting down the "angostura," or deep wash, on the left, headed towards the burning Rancho Bueana Vista. They will be met by Captain Washington's artillery battery and turned back.
Introduction | Living History | Sam's Story | Picture Gallery | Home | <urn:uuid:86c055a3-83ab-4395-94b3-8298a0c53626> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.tshaonline.org/supsites/chamber/gallery/buenavista/bvc.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00177-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928587 | 149 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Record breaking low temps and heavy snow are bearing down on most of us and
we just wanted to let you know some important home and personal safety precautions.
Extreme cold temperatures pose a challenge to physical structures themselves, as
pipes may freeze and heating systems are continuously running:
- To avoid frozen pipes, keep water running at a trickle. Open cabinet doors to sinks
to allow warm air to circulate around the pipes.
- Keep garage doors closed if there are water lines in the garage.
- Keep thermostats at the same temperature, day and night.
- Use a glass or metal screen with a fireplace to catch sparks and rolling logs.
- Never use a generator inside a home, including in the basement or the garage.
With wind chills making it feel even colder, you should also take note of the
following health and wellness tips, too:
- Limit activity outside and take pets indoors — as pets can also develop frostbite
- For those that go outside, multiple layers of lightweight clothing are recommended
by the Red Cross — as well as hats, mittens, gloves and a scarf to protect your lungs
- People should also be on the lookout for early signs of frostbite, as the very young
and the very old are most susceptible.
- Those with limited blood circulation are also at an increased risk for developing
- To warm up hands and feet, it is best to use body heat or warm water. Holding your
hands over an open flame is not advised.
- If you aren't able to warm up after half an hour or so, seek medical attention immediately.
- In addition to frostbite, look out for signs of hypothermia, which include uncontrollable
shivering, memory loss, drowsiness and exhaustion.
- Do not forget to check on family, friends and neighbors who may be at risk and in
need of additional assistance during the heavy snow and freezing cold.
- When traveling keep a full tank of gas and an emergency preparedness kit in your
vehicle —including warm clothing.
We hope everyone keeps safe and warm during these polar conditions.
Rest assured, our team is working around the clock — whatever the weather — to
make sure that your heating system keeps doing everything it needs for you stay
warm and comfortable at home. | <urn:uuid:eac957bd-f375-476c-b7ed-e05f91528f86> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://petro.com/articles/extreme-cold-temps | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00378-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938434 | 478 | 2.453125 | 2 |
As a father of two little girls, I sometimes get to spend my weekend afternoons watching my elder daughter run around on the playground, chasing after the other kids, giggling and screaming. She's only 2 1/2, but my wife and I have already agreed that we will encourage the girls to be as physically active as possible in their lives, including signing them up for group sports.
It's likely that athletics will be part of their childhoods and those of their friends, at least early on. Record numbers of girls are now taking part in organized sports 1 in 3, according to a new report compiled by the Tucker Center for Research on Girls and Women in Sport at the University of Minnesota. That's up from 1 in 27 girls back in 1972, the year that Title IX mandated equal access for both genders in school sports programs.
But there's a downside. Although girls' participation in organized sports is on the rise, the number of girls staying physically active outside this arena is declining, especially after they become teenagers. According to the report, adolescent girls are only half as likely as teen boys to be physically active. That's a big problem. Not only are they forgoing the positive benefits that exercise has for their bodies better heart health, lower incidence of Type 2 diabetes and prevention of osteoporosis but they are also missing out on the psychological pluses: compared with their more active counterparts, physically inactive girls rank lower in self-esteem, social skills and the ability to make friends and to handle conflicts.
Both boys and girls face barriers to being physically active, but for girls the challenges are more numerous and complex. Many girls feel as though physical activity is less important for them than it is for boys, a message often echoed by parents, teachers and communities. Girls also report feeling less physically competent in sports than boys.
Opportunity is an issue too. The number of schools offering physical education has dropped over the years, and there is no national mandate requiring schools to build it into their curriculums. Even when P.E. is offered, only about half (48%) of all high school girls are enrolled in the class. The numbers start off promising 70% of freshman girls enroll but quickly tail off: only 32% stick around by senior year, according to a 2005 report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "We're just not teaching kids how to be physically active," says Nicole LaVoi, one of the authors of the Tucker Center report.
Also at fault is what LaVoi refers to as "the professionalization of youth sports" parents treating kids like mini-pros by pushing them to engage in highly competitive sports leagues. "You could argue that kids just don't know how to participate in unstructured play because there is so much focus on organized activities these days," she says.
Turning these trends around begins with me and perhaps more important, with my wife. The biggest parts that parents play are making it clear that kids are expected to be active, and acting as good role models themselves. That shapes the entire family's perceptions about the value of fitness.
Parents can also help find activities that are fun for girls, which may not always mean organized competitive sports. Rebekah Granquist, director of program development at the YMCA of San Diego County, the second largest YMCA in the country, says, "Although many girls gravitate toward soccer, volleyball and cheering, more and more girls are signing up for our noncompetitive activities like dance and mind-body programs like yoga." Fit daughters who say om that'll soothe any mom.
Sanjay Gupta's Fit Nation series airs on House Call on CNN, Saturdays and Sundays, at 8:30 a.m. E.T.
With reporting by Shahreen Abedin / New York | <urn:uuid:df4f3188-a7ee-40b9-9a24-2d4ab4c10685> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1735105,00.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00250-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972885 | 777 | 2.84375 | 3 |
This is an actual photo of my two-year-old’s legs after only one month of summer. I’m finding that with kids, “summer legs” has almost nothing to do with the shape or shade of my own appendages, and lots more to do with the bruises, bumps, and bug bites that decorate the little legs at our house as soon as the weather’s warm enough to wear shorts.
We know that summertime holds its own particular hazards: incidents of drowning spike in the summer, and almost nobody loses a finger to fireworks in March. But even the little things—like a nasty sunburn from a fun day on the beach, or getting mosquito bites on your favorite hike—can add up to a seriously unpleasant season, both for you and your little people’s legs.
Fortunately, we’ve got you covered. Actually, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the CDC have you covered, and we’re right there with them! Each organization releases an annual tip list to help families focus on summer safety. Both are organized by category (bugs, fireworks, water, heat, and sun), and the AAP’s list even includes things that might not first jump to mind when we think of summer, like bicycle, skateboard, ATV, and lawnmower safety.
You can find their respective lists at the links below.
While a whole lot of this is common sense, a few of these tips were news to me. Like the fact that sparklers can reach past 1,000 degrees F bright or floral prints can attract bees and wasps, and children under 12 shouldn’t operate walk-behind mowers (there goes my four-year-old’s summer job!).
I like lists like these that give me quick, handy reminders. But if I need more in-depth information on summer-specific solutions, I go to articles, like these
- “Beat the Heat: Staying Safe When Temperatures Rise,”
- “Ticks: How to Identify Them and Prevent Their Bites.”
Whatever your summer plans, please build in some safety prep! We want those little legs in working order come fall!
What do you do to stay safe in the summer? | <urn:uuid:530220c5-098c-46a7-84c5-89b2d70619ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://beprepared.com/blog/16586/fun-in-the-sun-keeping-summer-safe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00236-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94225 | 474 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Distance from Karimnagar to Deoria
Distance from Karīmnagar to Deoria is 1,013 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 629 miles.
The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Karīmnagar and Deoria is 1,013 km= 629 miles.
If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Karimnagar to Deoria, It takes 1.12 hours to arrive.
Karimnagar is located in India.
|GPS Coordinates (DMS)||18° 26´ 20.9400'' N |
79° 7´ 42.8160'' E
Karīmnagar Distances to Cities
|Distance from Karimnagar to Jamkhandi||460 km|
|Distance from Karimnagar to Kandukur||366 km|
|Distance from Karimnagar to Chirala||317 km|
|Distance from Karimnagar to Kolkata||1,066 km|
|Distance from Karimnagar to Gudivada||298 km|
Deoria is located in India.
|GPS Coordinates||26° 30´ 6.0120'' N |
83° 46´ 45.6960'' E
Deoria Distances to Cities
|Distance from Deoria to Bhatapara||560 km|
|Distance from Deoria to Noida||677 km|
|Distance from Deoria to Deogarh||558 km|
|Distance from Deoria to Jaigaon||558 km|
|Distance from Deoria to Deoband||696 km| | <urn:uuid:a6da3156-38f5-4a0e-b03c-61e34946d6eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.distancefromto.net/distance-from-karimnagar-in-to-deoria-in | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00077-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.774518 | 350 | 1.835938 | 2 |
An abecedary of sacred springs of the world: (United States) of America: The sacred springs of Seattle
This year’s running theme is to look at global holy wells and healing springs. So for the next twelve months I will doing an abecedary so this months, a bit of a cheat I report back on a site I visited last year. My aim to is to at the similarities between them and many British sites. To start with is a typical spring which is very similar being a religious site later converted to a spa.
Mention Seattle you’ll get Sky Tower, Monorail, Grunge scene perhaps, healing springs are generally not on the list. However, in the suburbs can be found a number of springs which survive in pockets of undeveloped land. One such area is Licton Springs, a small park, located in North Seattle between Interstate 5 and Aurora Avenue, which protects its titular spring.
A red spring sacred to the First Nation
Licton Springs had a spiritual and ritual significance for possibly thousands of years (the area was populated after the last glacial period c10,000 years ago) to the local Duwamish, the tribe who incidentally under Chief Seattle signed the 1855 Port Elliott Treaty at Mukilteo which gave the world Seattle of course!
Like the more well-known Chalice Well, the significance of the spring was in the providing of its red paint, called Lee’kteed, pronounced liq’ted. The word liq’ted being a dialect word for the reddish mud made from the red ochre deposited. Here this red-ochre pigment would be harvested for spiritual celebration. This red pigment being itself considered sacred and used in the marital ceremonies between the High Borns, the hereditary nobility who married outside of the tribe to other coastal Salish. As a consequence, it was here at the springs they would annually gather to gather the pigment which would only be found in this region. The red-ochre was used to paint their faces, cover their longhouses and other objects of spiritual significance.
Around the spring the tribe built a wu Xted (WUKH-Tud) a sweat lodge where those visiting the spring could cleanse and revitalise. Herbs and the red paint would be applied to the skin to heal.
The coming of the Europeans colonisers
After purchasing Licton springs in 1870, Seattle pioneer David Denny had the water of two springs in the area tested in 1883 and the results were favourable – one being Iron (the surviving Licton Springs) and the other Sulphur Magnesia. So begun the spa history of the springs. Indeed, the impact of the well was personal, Denny’s own daughter Emily Inez was cured so it was recorded from an incurable disease by drinking the waters. Denny himself only built a cabin but still thousands visited. It was not until 1903 when Calhoun, Denny and Ewing when landscapers Olmstead brothers were to build rustic shelters over the two spring basins and they became a favourite resort for Seattle being a health resort. The rustic shelters never happened but photos from the 1910s show a circular stone surround around the springhead. However, it was not until 1935, an Edward A. Jensen provided thermal baths at a newly developed spa. A sign proclaimed:
“Before travelling to distant resorts in search of health, investigate the merits of the Spa Licton Springs thermal bath.”
The sign proclaimed it would give:
“Relief of neuritis, arthritis, rheumatism, lumbago, tired arches, nervous depositions.”
He also bottled the water and sold it. It is unclear how successful the scheme was but by 1960 the park was purchased by the city. Sadly, the spa building and shed over the iron spring were demolished. However, the iron spring was enclosed by a concrete ring which remains today.
Despite being enclosed in a park, the spring still has a significant role for the Duwamish. Like many wells modernisation is still a threat as the quote from the Matt Remle’s Sacred sites, sacred rites: Saving Licton Springs on the Last Real Indians website notes:
“ Elders from the Duwamish and other tribes have voiced concerns about damage to or the loss of Licton Springs. I recently spoke with one of my Elders who, as a child, was taken to le’qtid (“Licton Springs”) by her father. She expressed concerns that the demolition of Wilson-Pacific School (Indian Heritage High School) and the construction of the new Mega-School may damage the subterranean water table, disrupting the flow of the mineral waters from the sacred site.
This Elder told me that she had visited le’qtid last Fall to prepare for the Winter Ceremonials, as is our tradition since time immemorial. She pointed out that the rate of flow from le’qtid was substantially reduced, compared to her first visit those many years ago.
Le’qtid cannot be re-created, replaced, or re-located. Its importance is beyond measure and description, and its value is beyond price. The Duwamish People are the stewards of le’qtid, other holy places and the natural endowment that dókwibuA (Creator) bestowed upon our ‘ál’altid (Ancestral Homeland).
At the beginning of time, le’qtid (“Licton Springs”) was given to us by dókwibuA (Creator) in perpetuity. It is an inalienable part of our Patrimony, a legacy from our Ancestors, and the Cultural Heritage of the dxdew’abS (People-of-the-Inside), Chief Seattle’s Duwamish Tribe.” | <urn:uuid:313fbd62-c9bc-4697-8646-930b06ac5386> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://insearchofholywellsandhealingsprings.com/tag/seattle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.966153 | 1,246 | 2.671875 | 3 |
On Monday, Iran said the US should provide guarantees that it would not withdraw from the nuclear deal again if the agreement is restored. Indirect negotiations to revive the JCPOA are set to resume on November 29th in Vienna after a long pause.
“The US should show that it has the capability and will to provide guarantees that it will not abandon the deal again if the talks to revive the deal succeed,” Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh said.
Last month, a report from Responsible Statecraft revealed that President Biden couldn’t guarantee that he would stay in the JCPOA during his term in office in the initial round of talks that lasted from June to April.
Since the US unilaterally withdrew from the JCPOA in 2018 by imposing sanctions, Iran has good reason to be concerned that it would happen again. In an apparent response to the Responsible Statecraft report, President Biden released a joint statement with the leaders of France, Britain, and Germany that said he is committed to returning the US to “full compliance with the JCPOA and to stay in full compliance” if Iran does the same.
Khatibzadeh also called on the Biden administration to lift sanctions and drop the Trump administration’s policy, known as the “maximum pressure campaign” against Iran. He said “nothing will change in Vienna” if this hardline stance again Iran continues.
The Biden administration has been clear that it has no plans to lift all Trump-era sanctions on Iran, only those they deem “inconsistent with the JCPOA.” This forced Iran to negotiate limited sanctions relief in the first rounds of talks, but the two sides remained far apart on key issues. | <urn:uuid:a41ee681-d655-4e3a-b38a-375233d21812> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.antiwar.com/2021/11/08/iran-wants-guarantees-the-us-wont-leave-jcpoa-again-if-deal-is-revived/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.968721 | 362 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Paper-based Filing Systems vs. Document Imaging Systems
Documents are very important to your organization. They contain information that is critical to the smooth operation of your organization. There are many types of documents. Invoices, purchase orders, reports, loan application forms, contracts and employee records are just a few examples of documents. Organizations use documents to keep records, convey information and run day-to-day business processes.
Estimates show that 80-90% of organizational information resides on paper while the rest is stored in electronic format. Without a good system, documents are hard to find, hard to share and easily lost. Some lost documents are impossible to reproduce. Actually they are costing you a lot more in money, time and man-power than you think.
Problems of a paper-based filing system
The following calculation gives you an idea of the labor cost associated with a paper-based filing system. It is assumed that your organization creates or receives 100 important new paper documents that are filed daily and that there is an efficient paper-based filing system in place. If on an average it takes 6 minutes to retrieve and file a document, total time taken to handle 100 documents equals 6 x 100 minutes = 10 hours per day If the hourly rate is $14 including social security and benefits, total labor cost per year equals ($14 x 10) x (226 work days) = $31, 640. The above analysis does not include overhead cost for retrieving and filing old documents. If included, the cost of retrieving and filing paper documents will be a lot more than you realize.
Lost and Missing Documents:
According to a study by Cooper and Lybrand, "7.5% of all documents get lost and 3% of the remainder is misfiled." This suggests that out of every one hundred documents, ten documents are sitting on the wrong desk, being removed from the office, etc. Some documents cannot be reproduced if lost. This dramatically increases the risks and costs associated with paper filing systems.
Hard to share:
Paper-based filing systems allow paper documents to reside in only one place at a time. To share documents, office workers generally make their own copies. According to Cooper and Lybrand, "The average document gets copied 19 times, and of course, many of these copies also get filed."
It is hard to keep track of who has used or copied which paper documents. Paper documents are often maintained with very low security control. Your company risks leaking critical information to unauthorized personnel.
There is also a cost associated with storing documents both on and off-site. A document imaging system allows you to store 23,333 documents on a $0.5 CD or 5,332,000 documents on a 160 GB external hard drive costing approximately $100. You may tell the difference by comparing the one time charge a $100 external hard drive to the annual rent and overhead cost of maintaining a huge number of file cabinets for storing 5,332,000 documents.
Finding and retrieving a document using a paper-based system is slow. In situations where information contained in a document is required immediately to response to a customer’s request, the delay may cause customer dissatisfaction. In addition, re-filing paper documents wastes time and may result in misplacement of the files.
Document imaging is the solution
Document Imaging refers to the process of capturing the image of a paper document and turning it into digital form. A document scanner is usually used for capturing the document image, although other imaging methods are also available.
Once scanned or imported, documents are indexed using one or more parameters or keywords (e.g. invoice number) and stored in an electronic archive such as a hard drive. The indexes will be used later to find the desired document images. Images stored in the electronic archive can be retrieved, viewed, printed and emailed. There is software that can automatically capture the index data from the documents utilizing barcode recognition, OCR or other intelligent recognition technologies.
With a document imaging system, personnel can retrieve documents directly from their desktop PC within seconds. There is no re-filing necessary after using the document.
Document management refers to the systematic organizing, tracking, storing and retrieving of documents and files. A computerized document management system can manage not only document image files but also many kinds of digital files.
Why do you need document imaging and management
With the glut of various information and records nowadays, it is getting more and more difficult to find the information or documents you want. A lot of time and resources are wasted because the needed information or documents gets lost somewhere or takes a long time to find. Increasing competition puts a lot of pressure on the profitability and survival ability of a business. Only the efficient and productive companies can enjoy continuous growth. Document management software such as Microfile XE offers many advantages over paper-based filing systems and can help businesses save money and increase efficiency. | <urn:uuid:7b84da5a-7070-43f8-a151-4e9dcbb1f7b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://micropalsystems.com/paperproblems.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.920028 | 1,019 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Padang R, Bagnall RD, Richmond DR, Bannon PG, Semsarian C
J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 2012 Aug;53(2):277-81
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the commonest congenital heart disease and a highly heritable trait; however, only the NOTCH1 gene has been linked to limited cases of BAV in humans. Recently, the transcription factor GATA5 has been shown to have an essential role in aortic valve development, and targeted deletion of Gata5 in mice is associated with partially penetrant BAV formation. Here, we investigated the relationship between GATA5 gene variants and BAV with its associated aortopathy. One hundred unrelated individuals with confirmed BAV were prospectively recruited. Following collection of clinical information and DNA extraction, the coding regions and splice signal sequences of the GATA5 gene were screened for sequence variations. The clinical characteristics of the cohort included a male predominance (77%), mean age of diagnosis 29 ± 22 years, associated aortopathy in 59% and positive family history for BAV in 13%. Genetic analysis identified the presence of 4 rare non-synonymous variations within the GATA5 transcriptional activation domains, namely Gln3Arg, Ser19Trp, Tyr142His and Gly166Ser, occurring in one patient each. Gln3Arg and Tyr142His substitutions affect highly conserved and functionally relevant residues, and are likely to impact on the transcriptional activation of GATA5 target regions. A novel Ser19Trp variation was identified at a highly conserved amino acid residue in one patient, while the Gly166Ser variant was found in a familial case of BAV and associated aortopathy. Rare non-synonymous variations in the functionally important GATA5 transcriptional activation domains may be important in the pathogenesis of BAV disease in humans. | <urn:uuid:09c16ab4-ccce-4171-81e8-5b9f09e5b2a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bairdinstitute.org.au/research/rare-non-synonymous-variations-in-the-transcriptional-activation-domains-of-gata5-in-bicuspid-aortic-valve-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.91689 | 400 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The holidays are right around the corner and the season of giving is upon us. With that in mind, I’ve compiled 10 of my very best free Articulate Storyline 2 templates to make it easy for you to access all the e-learning goodness.
Use one of these templates when you want a starting point, some inspiration, or you’re just plain short on time but you still want a polished looking course.
Timeline with Horizontal Scroll
Have you ever wanted to insert a horizontal scroll in your Storyline course? Achieve this effect quickly and easily using Storyline 2’s Motion Paths and Relative Start Point features. Grab this download to see how it’s done.
Basic Tabs Interaction Template
Tabs interactions (also known by some as a click-and-reveal interaction) are a super commonly used interaction type for e-learning. Save yourself time and use this pre-built tabs interaction. It makes use of layers, a button set, and visited states. Want to find out more about how I built this tabs template? Here’s a helpful article to go along with this download: The Most Straightforward Way to Build a Tabs Interaction for Storyline.
Gamified Customer Service Scenario
Turn a boring multiple choice question into a fun, interactive scenario for your learners using this gamified template. There’s tons of cool gamification features built right in: a scoring system, progress indicators, player control, avatar selection, and a narrative learners can follow along with.
Text Message Quiz Template
Use this text message-themed template to jazz up your e-learning quizzes with a fun and modern touch. Do your learners deal with situations that take place over telephone? This is the perfect template to use when you want to present content in a unique and engaging format. There’s even sound effects, so don’t forget to turn up the volume!
Interactive Resume Template
Looking for a great way to present your resume or portfolio in a unique way that shows off your Storyline development skills? Download this interactive resume template, add your personal information and work history, then style it to fit your personality. Easy as 1-2-3!
Colorful & Interactive Timeline
Timeline’s are a popular interaction type. They are a great way to showcase the history of a company, a product, an event, or anything else that occurs over a period of time. You can even drop the dates and simply use it as a click-and-reveal interaction. To work with this template, just add in your information and update the color scheme to match the branding of your project; everything else is done for you!
Employee History Timeline
Another timeline template! This is a great template to use to create a “meet-the-team” style interaction or to highlight a series of people or characters. Swap out the text and images for your own and you’re off to the races!
Do’s and Don’ts Slider Interaction
Presenting a boring, basic bullet-point list of do’s and don’ts is definitely an e-learning DON’T. Make it fun and interactive by turning a basic list into an interactive slider interaction that displays a list of do’s and don’ts or tips and tricks.
Do’s and Don’ts Cue Cards Interaction
This cue card themed interaction is another fun and stylish option you can use to convert your bullet-point lists into something a bit more substantive. Users click through a series of cue cards, each with it’s own tip or piece of advice on it. This template is easy to use; just swap out the template text for your own.
Select a Character Slider Interaction
Allow your learners to select an avatar or character in your next course by using this sleek and stylish slider interaction. Choosing an avatar is a fun and easy way to add a gamification element to your next course, and with this template, all the work is done for you.
I hope you enjoy these Articulate Storyline 2 freebies. Feel free to leave me a comment to let me know if you’ve got feedback or questions about my templates. I’d also be more than happy to hear any suggestions about which types of downloads I should create in 2016. I love to hear your opinions and ideas. Happy Holidays! | <urn:uuid:d603aa85-957a-4666-811e-cf1625956f06> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://nlegault.ca/2015/12/20/free-storyline-templates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00576-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.875728 | 925 | 1.8125 | 2 |
September 10, 2019 •
Colorado Recall Efforts Against Gov. Jared Polis Fail
A coalition of Coloradans failed to collect enough signatures to force a special election to recall Gov. Jared Polis.
The leaders of the recall announced they fell short of the 631,266 signatures needed by the recall petition deadline of the end of the day on September 6 .
There were approximately 300,000 total signatures counted.
State and Federal Communications, Inc. provides research and consulting services for government relations professionals on lobbying laws, procurement lobbying laws, political contribution laws in the United States and Canada. Learn more by visiting stateandfed.com. | <urn:uuid:34418efb-989c-4f8a-9ad7-a3e0006013f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stateandfed.com/elections/colorado-recall-efforts-against-gov-jared-polis-fail/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.933146 | 131 | 1.5 | 2 |
yamamura, eiji (2008): LEARNING EFFECT AND SOCIAL CAPITAL: A CASE STUDY OF NATURAL DISASTER FROM JAPAN.
Download (293kB) | Preview
Using Japanese prefecture level data for the years between 1988 and 2001, this paper explores how and the extent to which social capital has an effect on the damage resulting from natural disasters. It also examines whether the experience of a natural disaster affects individual and collective protection against future disasters. Using regression analysis and controlling for various factors such as the proportion of poor people, per capita income, and the number of natural disasters, there are three major findings. (1) Social capital reduces the damage caused by natural disasters. (2) The risk of a natural disaster makes people more apt to cooperate and therefore social capital is more effective to prevent disasters. (3) Economic conditions such as the level of income distinctly affect any damage, but hardly influence it when the scale of a disaster is small.
|Item Type:||MPRA Paper|
|Original Title:||LEARNING EFFECT AND SOCIAL CAPITAL: A CASE STUDY OF NATURAL DISASTER FROM JAPAN|
|Keywords:||Social Capital, Learning, Natural disaster|
|Subjects:||H - Public Economics > H4 - Publicly Provided Goods > H41 - Public Goods
Z - Other Special Topics > Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology > Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
P - Economic Systems > P1 - Capitalist Systems > P16 - Political Economy
|Depositing User:||eiji yamamura|
|Date Deposited:||01. Sep 2008 05:40|
|Last Modified:||11. Feb 2013 17:53|
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Yamamura, E. 2008a. Diffusion of home computers and social networks: A study using Japanese panel data. Forthcoming in Applied Economics Letters.
Yamamura, E. 2008b. The effects of inequality, fragmentation, and social capital on collective action in a homogeneous society: Analyzing responses to the 2005 Japan Census. Forthcoming in Journal of Socio-economics.
Yamamura, E. 2008c. The impact of formal and informal deterrents on driving behavior. Forthcoming in Journal of Socio-economics. | <urn:uuid:a9d7a748-2a6a-4048-a6e9-2eb60d70454a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10249/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00096-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.660833 | 2,198 | 2.375 | 2 |
#1 State hopes to break car owners' habit of changing oil too often12-16-2011, 07:20 AMMany automobile owners are spending more than they need on motor oil, believing that it should be changed every 3,000 miles even though almost no manufacturer requires such an aggressive oil-change schedule.
The long-held notion that the oil should be changed every 3,000 miles is so prevalent that California officials have launched a campaign to stop drivers from wasting millions of gallons of oil annually because they have their vehicles serviced too often.
"Our survey data found that nearly half of California drivers are still changing their oil at 3,000 miles or even sooner," said Mark Oldfield, a spokesman for the California Department of Resources, Recycling and Recovery, which has launched the Check Your Number campaign to encourage drivers to go with the manufacturer's recommendations.
Improvement in oils, friction proofing and car engines have lengthened the oil-change interval, typically 7,500 miles to 10,000 miles for most vehicles.
Changing motor oil according to manufacturer specifications would reduce motor-oil demand in California by about 10 million gallons a year, the agency said. The state has created a website, checkyournumber.org, where drivers can look up the suggested motor-oil change interval number for their vehicles.
I figured 3,000 miles was a bit to much, but I was suprised to learn most cars can go up to 10,000 miles.
Drudgereport was a bit misleading about this story. Claiming that California was "cracking down" on changing your oil to often. The story they linked to said nothing of the sort, just that the state is wanting to get the word out that it's not necessary to do it so often.In most sports, cold-cocking an opposing player repeatedly in the face with a series of gigantic Slovakian uppercuts would get you a multi-game suspension without pay.
In hockey, it means you have to sit in the penalty box for five minutes.
12-16-2011, 10:36 AM
- Join Date
- Mar 2010
Mine gets changed every 5,000 miles. Next oil change will be the 81st. Yep. 405,000 miles.
But you have to wonder at the cost of this campaign.
12-16-2011, 11:47 AM
I do it right around every 3000 miles. Otherwise, my grandpa yells at me.
12-16-2011, 11:56 AM
We recently bought a new car for my wife. The dealership pays for the oil changes for the first X number of miles. The interval is 8,000 miles between oil changes.
12-16-2011, 01:23 PM
Strange thing is that motor oil is recyclable. I think one of the motor oil brands sells recycled oil now.The Obama Administration: Deny. Deflect. Blame.
- Join Date
- Mar 2010
12-16-2011, 01:49 PM
All they have to do is remove the dirt and what not from oil to reuse it.
I use synthetic oil so i go for at least 5k miles before a change.
12-16-2011, 02:24 PM
I probably average 5-6,000 between changes. The whole 3,000 thing just always struck me as 'way too often, while 7.500-10,000 seems a bit long with modern smaller, lower-mass engines (Less of a heat sink than the old iron blocks of my youth).
12-17-2011, 07:49 PM
Five thousand here.
I've always changed it at 5000, even back when I was in high school, around the time the Columbian mammoth vanished.
My little '51 Ford that I had in HS had well over 200K miles on it when I sold it in 1965 and still never used a drop between changes. But, they used to say that flatheads never died.The poster formerly known as chuck58 on the old board.
12-18-2011, 01:51 AMThe 21st century. The age of Smart phones and Stupid people.
It is said that branches draw their life from the vine. Each is separate yet all are one as they share one life giving stem . The Bible tells us we are called to a similar union in life, our lives with the life of God. We are incorporated into him; made sharers in his life. Apart from this union we can do nothing.
|« Previous Thread | Next Thread »| | <urn:uuid:147c56a3-601c-420f-a574-5818aac88543> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.conservativeunderground.com/forum505/showthread.php?46356-State-hopes-to-break-car-owners-habit-of-changing-oil-too-often | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00438-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962584 | 943 | 1.65625 | 2 |
December 26, 2015
NASA | A team at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama tested 3D printed rocket engine parts connected together in the same fashion that they would work in a rocket engine. The parts performance rivaled that of traditionally manufactured engine parts. During 6 separate tests, the engine generated up to 20,000 pounds of thrust.
Video Source: NASA’s Marshall Center | <urn:uuid:932ad50a-a09b-4e89-b70f-e677b8b1f02b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.kurzweilai.net/videos/page/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00238-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931304 | 84 | 3 | 3 |
The Lhasa apso black is a comparatively small but fairly sturdy dog with a protracted and dense double hair coat. This Lhasa apso black is thought to be completely satisfied and playful, but in addition unbiased and mischievous.
Lhasa apso black god profile
They have a historical past of 1000’s of years as a tiny guard dog. This breed additionally excels as listening to ear dogs for folks with listening to loss.
Thought of “simple keepers,” affectionate and a very good companion, the Lhasa Apso was bred as a guard dog and due to this fact might be aloof, cussed, and reveal a pointy, loud bark.
Lhasa apso black history
The Lhasa apso black originated in Tibet over 2,500 years in the past and advanced completely for the cruel local weather of the Himalayas.
Named for the sacred metropolis of Lhasa, these prized creatures have been the indoor watchdogs of temples and palaces.
With their extremely developed listening to, they’d alert the monks if anyone obtained the outside guard dog. In Tibet, the breed known as the apso seng kye or “bark lion sentinel dog.”
This extended historical past as a guard dog contributes to the trendy breed’s persona.
DNA proof reveals that the Lhasa apso is a historical line carefully associated with the wolf which is the ancestor of all dogs.
Lhasa apsos given as presents by the Dalai Lama to Chinese language nobles are believed to have contributed to the bloodlines of the Shih Tzu and Pekingese dogs.
The Black Lhasa apso regularly got here into the Western world within the early 1900s and was acknowledged because of the “Lhasa terrier, 10-inch sort” by the Kennel Membership in London in 1908.
Nevertheless, World Warfare 1 had a quelling impact on breeding. Within the 1930s, Lhasas got as a present from the Dalai Lama to American C. Suydam Chopping, a world traveler, and naturalist.
The Lhasa apso black was acknowledged by the American Kennel Membership (AKC) in 1935 because the Lhasa terrier however was re-named Lhasa apso in 1944. In 1959, the breed was moved from the terrier group to the non-sporting group.
Lhasa Apsos are pretty small dogs, ranging in top from 9 to 11 inches and weigh from 13 to 18 kilos (six to eight kilograms).
They’re longer than they’re tall with the tail carried curled up over the again and the pinnacle held proudly up.
When Lhasa apso black dog is in a full present coat, the completely different ends might look identical!
The top seems spherical with all of the hair and the ears hanging down in swish folds of lengthy hair.
The coat is among the distinguishing options of the Lhasa Apso—lengthy and flowing, heavy, and dense. On the face, the eyes could also be hidden by a protracted fall of hair and there’s a long beard as nicely.
The muzzle is barely shortened, resulting in an undershot chew.
Nearly all colors are acceptable, however, the preferred are the leonine shades of wheaten, honey, or golden with black on the ideas of the ears, tail, and beard hair. Black, grizzle, slate, white, and even parti-colors could also be seen.
Lhasa apso black Character
It needs to be remembered always that the Lhasa Apso was bred as a guard dog in addition to a companion dog.
This dog might be aloof with strangers, though they’re affectionate with individuals who they know and believe.
The sharp alarm bark can turn into a nuisance if the dog isn’t guided as to when it’s acceptable.
Lhasa Apsos are dogs that do greatest with a good quantity of socialization and loads of human firm.
They aren’t always good with different dogs, so they need to be socialized to dogs and different pets in addition to folks proper from pet hood. Some Lhasa Apsos have a suspicious nature and might be snippy.
At the house with household and mates, nonetheless, they’re energetic and might be nearly foolish.
Lhasa apso black Dwelling With
Lhasa Apsos are “simple keepers;” too many treats or not sufficient train can simply result in weight problems.
Fortunately, due to their small dimension, an everyday stroll two or thrice a day is satisfactory.
Lhasa apso black dogs are clever dogs, however, they’re a bit cussed and unbiased, so coaching is a must. An agency however affected the person whose hand works greatest.
Lhasa Apsos needs to be nicely socialized to each folk and different animals, together with different dogs, in pet food.
They’re wonderful watchdogs with a pointy, loud alarm bark. Lhasa Apsos can do nicely with kids, however, they need to be supervised and uncovered to them early on.
These are notoriously long-lived dogs, routinely going into their late teenagers. The document holder is a breed champion who lived to 29 years of age!
Lhasa apso black Grooming
This Lhasa apso black is so elegant and refined may be very unbiased and self-sufficient.
The Lhasa Apso pet may be very sociable and wishes contact with human beings, which signifies that you must strive to not depart them on their very own for lengthy durations of time.
The black Lhasa Apso stands out for his or her wonderful sense of listening to.
The actual character of Lhasa Apso puppies signifies that they don’t gladly settle for the authority that you’re in search of.
Care and cleanliness periods, compulsory in puppies, turn into an unbeatable coaching weapon the place you possibly can reinforce your mastery over your pet.
Given their robust character, first use goodies to handle to maintain them calm, one thing that it is possible for you to substitute little by little with congratulations and cuddles.
All of the grooming gestures will imply that you just solidify your authority over your dog and enhance the connection.
Basically, what you must make your pet extra stunning are a boar bristle brush, an advantageous comb, and a few scissors.
Lhasa apso black Care
Many homeowners select to maintain their Lhasa’s hair trimmed in a brief “pet coat.”
Others, particularly these within the present world, desire the naturally lengthy and heavy coat. Both approaches, a strict grooming routine is an absolute necessity.
Lhasa’s hair grows consistently, so haircuts might be wanted. Those that preserve the coat brief might want to have the hair trimmed each two to a few weeks and brush the hair each seven to 10 days.
If the hair is saved lengthy, thorough brushing is significant each one to 2 days.
The Lhasa is known as a hypoallergenic dog breed because of the approach it sheds. Whereas the allergens that set off dog allergy symptoms are contained within the pores and skin cells (dander) and saliva fairly than the hair itself, they’re extra prone to turn into airborne if a dog sheds a lot of light-weight hair.
The Lhasa apso black’s hair is heavy and coarse and sheds repeatedly, which is alleged to end in fewer airborne dog allergens.
Whereas the best way through which people are affected by a dog allergy might fluctuate, this breed could also be appropriate for individuals who are mildly or reasonably allergic to dogs.
The Lhasa apso black has thoughts of its personal and strong-willed nature. Due to this, coaching is an absolute requirement.
Nevertheless, this breed is kind of good and may study nicely with persistence.
Correct socialization can be vital so your Lhasa might be comfy in every kind of condition. They’re naturally protecting and reserved around new folks.
The Lhasa apso black has a medium vitality degree and doesn’t want an amazing quantity of train.
Nevertheless, each day walks and enjoyable actions like video games may help preserve your Lhasa mentally and bodily stimulated.
The Lhasa apso black ‘s small dimension makes this breed ultimate for residences and small properties. They aren’t liable to separation anxiety and do nicely in households the place you might be gone through the workday.
Nevertheless, they are often annoying barkers as they’re hard-wired to bark at any passerby or regarding noise.
This breed might not be a really perfect first alternative for households with kids, however, it will possibly get together with some youngsters if raised with them and are well-trained and socialized.
They will not put up with teasing or mishandling.
That is a clever and protecting breed that may bond carefully with its proprietor but in addition a playful and mischievous dog.
Lhasa apso black Health
Accountable breeders attempt to keep up the very best breed requirements as established by kennel golf equipment just like the AKC. dogs bred by these requirements are much less prone to inherit health circumstances.
Nevertheless, some hereditary health issues can happen within the breed. The next are some circumstances to concentrate on:
Patellar luxation (dislocation of the knee cap)
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)
Intervertebral disc illness (herniated spinal discs which may trigger ache)
Lhasa apso black Diet and Diet
Your Lhasa apso black will want two meals a day of as much as half a cup of dry pet food per meal.
The quantity will fluctuate with the scale, age, and exercise degree of your pet and a dog’s dietary wants do change over time.
It’s worthwhile to monitor your dog’s weight and guarantee he hasn’t placed on any additional as even one pound is a major weight achievement for a tiny dog; weight problems will shorten your dog’s lifespan.
Focus on any wanted food plan adjustments along with your veterinarian to get suggestions for a feeding schedule, quantity, sort of meals, and train.
Lhasa apso black is best to not miss meals for free-feeding or to offer in and feed your dog human meals as a deal with.
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- Why Golden Retriever Corgi Mix is Your Best Pet | <urn:uuid:97832be4-6510-4f95-aceb-666e7fae378b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dogdwell.com/lhasa-apso-black/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.925543 | 2,514 | 2.359375 | 2 |
A 'NEW kind of rain' could be responsible for recent widespread flooding, according to the chairman of the Environment Agency.
Since November, the county has been hit by several heavy downpours which have resulted in extensive flooding in the Five Valleys.
Speaking after a memorial service to the hundreds who perished in the 1953 East Anglia floods, Environment Agency chairman Lord Chris Smith said problems were also being caused by climate change.
"Instead of rain sweeping across the country, we are getting convective rain, which sits in one place and just dumps itself in a deluge over a long period of time," he said.
"From the point of view of filling up the rivers and the drains, that it is quite severe." | <urn:uuid:173665b3-092c-4643-9cce-1ddbfcc5e3c3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.stroudnewsandjournal.co.uk/news/10207247.Environment_Agency_blames__new_kind_of_rain__for_recent_flooding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00281-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976445 | 148 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Exploring students' experiences of an HIV/AIDS service learning module at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
This critical interpretivist case study explored students’ experiences of an HIV/AIDS service learning module run in the School of Psychology at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The study was originally initiated in response to a request from CHESP to evaluate this module. It has since become an independent study with the purpose of exploring the kind of learning (HIV specific) that students gained from the module. A number of studies have attempted to explore students’ experiences of service learning through students’ evaluations, or have focused on the effects of the community intervention on the community. These are often of a quantitative nature and do not engage with students' experiences on a deeper level. They also tend to focus on measuring students’ knowledge and understandings of HIV/AIDS. The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore whether students had experienced a genuine engagement in the service learning module, focusing on their level of reflection on their identities, their understandings of self and other, and their understandings of their own location within the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Furthermore, there would need to be evidence of Freireian critical consciousness. Using the voicecentred relational method of analysis, reflective essays of the 20 students who completed the service learning module in 2006 were analysed. The findings of the study revealed that most of the students had engaged at this level and were able to reflect on a number of critical issues that are pertinent to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This study provides the impetus for further research to be conducted in the field of service learning, as it is a valuable educational tool for getting students to engage critically and openly with issues around sexuality and HIV. Moreover, the findings of this study should be used to promote service learning with a focus on HIV/AIDS in other degree programmes, as well as other tertiary institutions. | <urn:uuid:9223f5dc-8f97-42d5-88dd-acf5023adc2b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/xmlui/handle/10413/371 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00519-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96581 | 393 | 1.8125 | 2 |
BlackBerry 10 User Experience
The Z10 runs on BlackBerry’s latest OS, BlackBerry 10 which uses gestures for navigation (in fact, there aren’t any navigation buttons on the phone). Since most users won’t be overly familiar with the gesture controls in BB10, let’s take a brief look at some of the more useful gestures.
When the phone is in sleep mode, you can wake it by pressing the Power button or by swiping your finger from the bottom of the screen upwards. If you are concerned about the latter motion accidentally turning on the phone, you can disable this setting in the Settings menu. Unlocking the Z10 is pretty intuitive – simply slide your finger up from the bottom of the screen.
After unlocking the phone, you'll see the first main home screen. By default, you’ll find three main screens that display the apps that come with the Z10. To access any panel quickly, tap the appropriate dot located below the app grid. You can also slide your finger along the dots to switch from one panel to the next very quickly. When an application is open, an additional panel will appear. This panel is denoted by four dots and is called the Active Frames page. This panel shows all open apps and lets you open and close apps. You can have up to eight apps open at a time.
To access the BlackBerry Hub from anywhere on the phone, swipe your finger from the bottom of the screen upward and then to the right, making an inverted L shape.
BlackBerry recognizes many of its customers are likely to be business professionals that require a secure device. To meet the needs of these users, BlackBerry has implemented password protection, a screen lock, and a feature known as BlackBerry Balance which lets you have separate profiles for work and personal data. With BlackBerry Balance, you can store business apps and information on your work profile while music and other personal files are stored in a personal profile. When configured, you can switch between work and personal spaces by dragging your finger down from the middle of the home screen and selecting Personal or Work.
BlackBerry Balance provides the security companies demand in the form of a work profile and a separate profile for a user's personal files.
To display the keyboard at any time, swipe two fingers up from the bottom of the screen. Of course, the keyboard will also appear automatically when entering text is necessary (such as entering a web address or composing an email.)
Although previous BlackBerry users may miss the company’s beloved hardware keyboard when using the Z10, BlackBerry did its best to offer a keyboard that users will embrace. To facilitate quick typing, BlackBerry included text prediction with the Z10's on-screen keyboard. To insert a word highlighted on the keyboard, flick upwards on the key beneath the word. If you’d rather have the words appear in a column above the keyboard or not at all, you can change this in the Settings menu. During our testing of the phone, we found the predictive text feature to be quite handy. It definitely saves time when tapping out long phrases. The software is designed to be adaptive and offer better predictions the more you use it.
If someone you know has a BB10 device, you can also use BlackBerry Messenger to have a video conversation. You can also share your screen with that person using BlackBerry Messenger.
The number of applications available in BlackBerry World for the BlackBerry 10 OS is still relatively limited in comparison to other platforms. Even so, you’ll find many of today’s popular apps on the platform including Kindle, AccuWeather, eBay, Kayak, ESPN ScoreCenter, Box, Slacker Radio, and much more.
Although there is a definite learning curve involved with using a new OS, it didn’t take us long to feel comfortable using BB10. Overall, the OS provided a pleasant user experience. | <urn:uuid:1a5c7013-0863-4c90-bdde-bff59acfb896> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hothardware.com/reviews/att-blackberry-z10-review-?page=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00295-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908693 | 791 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Week 3 Assignment: Stroop Effect
Visit the following website and follow the directions on screen to complete the Stroop Effect Exercise. Complete the practice exercise once, then the Stroop effect exercise once. Record your times for each. Then complete the practice exercise again, and the Stroop effect exercise again. Again, record your times for each.
Complete the worksheet in the attached document and submit your completed worksheet here in the Week 3 Assignment: Stroop Effect area in the Assignments link in the classroom no later than 11:55 pm EST Sunday. Be sure to make clear connections to at least two terms, concepts, or research findings from your readings or other scholarly sources to support your responses. Include any references used on a separate reference page at the end of the worksheet. References should be formatted in APA format both in-text and on your reference page. Please visit the APUS Writing Center or the Purdue OWL website for examples of APA formatted references. | <urn:uuid:5d2064ad-841a-4d82-82ba-86c578547a08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nerdytermpapers.com/psyc-week-3-assignment-stroop-effect/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.892507 | 203 | 2.765625 | 3 |
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Dental libraries: Oral and Dental Hospital and Main Campus Library
The Oral and Dental Library is situated at King George Hospital, Sydenham, Durban.
Books are shelved at the Oral and Dental Hospital Library using the Dewey Decimal classification system, 000-999 with most books shelved at location 617.6 ABC.
The UKZN discipline of dentistry is located within the College of Health Sciences at tthe Westville campus.
At the Main campus Library, Westville campus, Dentistry books are shelved at level 9 starting at shelf no 617.7 ABC. All Health Sciences Books are also shelved at level 9 starting Dewey nos 600 ABC to 619.9 ABC.
State of-the-art resources:
E-books - search ebook collections
This page lists categories of ebooks. Most books purchased by UKZN are in the Ebscohost and Proquest collections. All e books are listed in the library catalogue.
List of current eJournal subscriptions. Search by Title of journal. Route to the selected journal to search for articles.
Online Training Libguide
Includes guides, powerpoint presentations and recordings of previous training sessions on iCatalogue, My Library Account, Sabinet, Ebscohost, Science Direct; Scopus, Web of Science; Proquest
Search strategies, literature searching, Scoping reviews; how to publish and increase visibility, basics of Nvivo, SPSS, Endnote.
Moodle is a learning platform designed to provide educators, administrators and learners with a single robust, secure and integrated system to create personalised learning environments. Powering tens of thousands of learning environments globally, Moodle is trusted by institutions and organisations large and small, including the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Clinical Key Database
Clinical Key is a clinical search engine that supports clinical decisions by making it easier to find and apply relevant knowledge. We drive better care by delivering fast, concise answers when every second counts, and deep access to evidence whenever, wherever you need it. Answers questions quickly, recognizing relevant clinical concepts as you type and offering shortcuts to critical answers.
All ebooks that UKZN subscribes to are listed in the iCatalogue with a button to click to get to the full text. Most books are housed on the Ebscohost and Proquest platforms. The catalogue itself does not contain the full text, when you click on the link you are routed to where the ebook is housed. Number of copies available, conditions of use, downloadability etc are all dictated by the publishers and provided on the home screen of each book.
Dentistry Libguide : Welcome! Siyakwamukela!
The Dentistry libguide provides information about scholarly resources for undergraduates, postgraduates, academics, and researchers.
Journals are scholarly publications, published on a regular basis, that keep the academic community abreast of current research in various fields. Databases contain digital libraries of academic journals, ebooks, conference proceedings and primary sources.
Databases for Health Sciences : Quicklinks
Databases contain scholarly information. Databases provide access to Journal articles, Journals, e-books, chapters in books and in some cases, theses and dissertations. Most databases include full text articles and other reference items.
Proquest One Academic
An international collection of videos, news, journals, ebooks, dissertations and more. By combining ProQuest’s most used multi-disciplinary products on one platform, students, faculty and researchers can serendipitously find the essential content they need to be successful in research, teaching and learning.
Medline via EbscoHost
MEDLINE with Full Text
MEDLINE with Full Text provides the authoritative medical information on medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care system, and pre-clinical sciences found on MEDLINE, plus the database provides full text for more than 1,470 journals indexed in MEDLINE. Of those, nearly 1,450 have cover-to-cover indexing in MEDLINE. And of those, 558 are not found with full text in any version of Academic Search, Health Source or Biomedical Reference Collection.
Google Scholar is a subset of Google that indexes more formal and scholarly literature in the public domain. It thus includes references to journal articles, Google Books, documents and reports etc. Google Scholar can only provide full text access to documents where they are freely available. If UKZN Library pays for full text access to resources listed in Google Scholar, clicking on the title of an item will take you to the location of that full text.
Google Scholar Libguide
Includes Google Scholar settings, that augment seamless access to UKZN full-text articles.
Open source e-books are also accessible.
Dentistry Librarian : Pravina Laljeeth
Off-Campus access and Global Protect
When working remotely, you will need to first click on the 'off campus' tab under the Resources option on the library main page. You will get a list of online resources. When you click on any resource you will be prompted for your LAN login credentials: UKZN username and password.
Global Protect VPN - requisite for off-campus access
Downloading Global Protect is requisite for seamless access to our resources. Global Protect is a UKZN acquired security based software firewall that filters traffic to the UKZN website allowing for seamless and secured access to our services and resources.
IT Support - ICS
ICS support staff are available to assist you with any issue or challenges you are facing with using technology as a student. Get assistance with your LAN login, password or email queries. Here are various contact platforms you can access the student support services.
Research Space : UKZN online theses repository
Research Space (online theses)
ResearchSpace is the institutional repository of the University of KwaZulu-Natal which was developed to increase the visibility, availability and impact of its research output. It was also created to disseminate and manage digital materials created by researchers of the institution. Please visit ResearchSpace Libguide for detailed information.
Research Space Libguide
Libguides provide guidelines on how to navigate to Research Space. UKZN theses and dissertations in electronic format will increase the visibility of the institution’s research output locally and internationally.
South African Dental Association
Vision Mission and Values
Our Vision is to be recognised as the trusted leader and voice of oral healthcare in Southern Africa.
Our Mission is to promote the interests, and serve the needs, of our members and above all encourage optimal oral healthcare for all South Africans.
Our Core Values are what we call 2π / 2 (PIE):
Professionalism, Innovation, Excellence, Passion, Integrity, Empathy.
All information © 2018 University of KwaZulu-Natal. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:d8df80ae-400f-475e-8ab8-f299462d794e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://libguides.ukzn.ac.za/c.php?g=771182 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.88204 | 1,558 | 1.773438 | 2 |
There is a key character named Homer Simpson in Nathanael West’s 1939 Hollywood novel, The Day of the Locust.
Yes, d’oh, a name familiar to most.
Did Matt Groening name his Homer after West’s original? The information is somewhat contradictory, though Groening did state in interviews that he lifted the name from West’s novel. However, Groening’s father was also named Homer (Matt’s younger sisters were named Lisa and Maggie, not coincidentally), and he has stated in other interviews that the name was derived from his dear old dad.
My guess is that both reports are true — influences and inspirations often arrive in layers, filtering in from a variety of sources.
I recall reading Nathanael West as a very young man: A Cool Million, Miss Lonelyhearts, The Day of the Locust. He made a strong impression at the time, an original mind with an absurdist’s sense of satire. He was wickedly funny and intensely dark about the human condition. That appealed to me, too.
I recently went back and reread those books, some 40 years later. My feeling is that if you read a book at a much earlier time in your life, it’s like you’ve never read it at all. That is, the reader’s perspective has been so transformed that it’s like encountering a brand new book (even though, of course, the book hasn’t changed a bit). The relationship between text-and-reader is made anew.
While I enjoyed reading West again, and still consider myself very much a fan, there were passages that haven’t aged well. This is true of a depressing number of books, as we know. Time is not always kind. Values change. We’ve learned some things along the way. There’s an unsettling streak of misogyny here and there. Perhaps a function of the time, a flaw in West himself, or just part of his eviscerating, take-no-prisoners satire. He’s tough on everybody. Rape comes up: the word, the desire, the act. As a social satirist, West doesn’t judge, just presents. Those are not comfortable sections to read. Am I being too sensitive? Well, to be honest, that’s not a complaint, too sensitive, I often receive. In any event, West seems neglected today.
Let’s call his work problematic and leave it at that for now. Others can sort out where West fits in the canon. (The Modern Library ranks Locust at #73 in its list of the 100 Best Novels.)
Mostly, I want to highlight Homer Simpson’s amazing hands.
Here’s a snippet from possibly my favorite passage in all of West’s work. He provides us with some genius descriptions of this awkward, ill-at-ease, deeply repressed character who seems almost detached from his own hands:
“He lay stretched out on the bed, collecting his senses and testing the different parts of his body. Every part was awake but his hands. They still slept. He was not surprised. They demanded special attention, had always demanded it. When he had been a child, he used to stick pins into them and once had even thrust them into a fire. Now he used only cold water.
He got out of bed in sections, like a poorly made automaton, and carried his hands into the bathroom. He turned on the cold water. When the basin was full, he plunged his hands in up to the wrists. They lay quietly on the bottom like a pair of strange aquatic animals. When they were thoroughly chilled and began to crawl about, he lifted them out and hid them in a towel.”
I can still remember encountering that section decades ago, that bizarre disconnection from his own body — a powerful metaphor for a character’s discomfort in his own skin, his own vibrating self.
He carried his hands into the bathroom.
God, that’s brilliant.
I confess that I’m pretty sure I tried to rip that off somewhere along the line, the idea of carrying one’s hands into the next room, etc., but I can’t for the life of me remember where it might appear. A Jigsaw Jones mystery for 2nd-grade readers? I don’t exactly recall. If I did borrow it, or quietly paid tribute to it — and I certainly hope I did — I had forgotten the source material at the time. It was just that remarkable idea lodged in my skull from a nearly-forgotten book.
Hands as strange aquatic animals.
The first time I read The Day of the Locusts, the animated Homer Simpson did not yet exist. It wasn’t until I came back to it that I realized, Oh, wow, Homer Simpson! I guess that’s where Groening got it.
“The Day of the Locust” was also a 1975 film starring Donald Sutherland (as Homer), Karen Black, William Atherton, Burgess Meredith, and other fine actors. I’m going to rent it on Amazon Prime sometime soon. Sadly, Nathanael West’s promising career was cut short at the age of 37, when he died in a car crash just one short year after the publication of Locust.
A tragedy that his work prepared us for. | <urn:uuid:63bd6e16-3271-4f3c-910d-98ca9945278f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.jamespreller.com/2021/10/25/homer-simpsons-hands/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.977404 | 1,152 | 1.960938 | 2 |
What do I do with this Rainbow Blend?? Well, there are tons
and tons of ideas and I'm hoping you will show
me what you invented using these techniques!! But - for the
beginners - I'm going to give a couple quick canes you can make so you can start
off having some fun!
We will be using Premo Pearl White with the Rainbow Skinner blend for the following canes. The Premo Pearls have a lot of translucent in them. This will give them depth when they're baked and sanded. It almost seems like they just disappear underneath the colors! On the next page you will find some photos of finished beads where you can see what happens to the pearl clay! It will appear deeper than the rainbow colors, almost like a small ravine. It makes a lovely contrast to the bright colors. First, though, let's learn the the Striped and Mosaic Jellyroll Canes!!!
Simple Rainbow Skinner Blend Striped
Here's an interesting side
note concerning lighting: this picture was taken with the Sony Mavica
digital camera using regular indoor lighting. You can see the saturation of the
red in this blend is still very strong, but in real life the red has more orange
next to it than shown here.
This photo was taken with the
same camera, but the lighting was provided by the Ott Light, which is a special
light for crafters. The Ott Light renders color with almost complete purity.
Here you can see a clearer picture of the color variations and the orange stripe
next to the red is more pronounced. It could almost be compared to working
outside in natural daylight!
Okay - let's get on to the
Fold your blend in half lengthwise and match up the
colors along the way. That's putting the two sides together instead of the top
and bottom like you did when making the blend. If you have wavy blends, just
match the colors up as best you can. Also, trim up the edge if it's
Run it through the pasta
machine at it's thickest setting. Be careful!! If you have a
motor, keep it on slow.
Now set your pasta machine two
thicknesses thinner than your first trip through. Run the long blend through
There! You have a really kewl
Rainbow Skinner Blend! While that blend rests for a couple minutes prepare a
strip of Premo White Pearl clay. Make it at least as long and wide as the
Make the Pearl clay the same
thickness or two steps thinner from your blend for a really good cane.
Cut the edges even with the
Do the same for the top and the
bottom. The skinner blend and the white pearl are now sandwiched together
nicely. Brayer them firmly to get rid of any air bubbles. If you see any, pierce
them and press gently with your finger to get rid of the air.
Determine how thick you want
you cane to be. I usually start cutting at about an inch (2.55cm).
You can't see it that well, but
the piece that was cut off, was stacked on top of the end of the remaining
blend. This becomes your template for the next cut. Line up the edges facing you
and cut flush with the first piece on the other side of the stack!
Stack this cut portion on the
end and do the same thing again. Square it up with the edges, cut, stack, square
it up, cut, stack, square it up, cut, stack....
Keep doing this until you have
stacked the entire blend together.
Look at that!! All those colors
just from four starting colors!!!
Turn the stack over and place
it on another little piece of the white pearl and cut a it to fit onto the top
of the stack! I prefer to have the white pearl on both ends, but that's just me.
You can choose to have white on both ends or not.
Now trim up your sides.
Trim up your ends, but don't
throw these pieces away! Make a bead out of them! If you shave the sides you can
get very thin pieces to overlay. They won't be as translucent as other clays,
but beautiful anyway!
There you have it!! Just sit
back and enjoy the colors! I'm a very color oriented person and these blends
just drive me wild!!!
Rainbow Skinner Blend Mosaic Jelly
I love this Jelly Roll cane. It's really interesting when
sanded and buffed as the pearl seems to fall back behind the colors and give the
whole thing more depth!
Carefully cut a slice of your
cane about a quarter of an inch thick. (You can do it any thickness you want.
Remember: every measurement is negotiable) Cut slowly to try to
keep the slice even, if it ends up uneven don't worry too much, it works itself
Roll out a strip of the Pearl
clay on one of the medium thicknesses on our pasta machine. (On at Atlas, the
setting would be between #3 and #5.). Make sure the strip is as wide as your
rainbow striped cane slice and a little more than twice as long. Lay the slice
close to one end of the Pearl clay strip.
Make sure all the layers are
pressed together, but don't squeeze too much. And don't overwork the clay. You
want those sharp edges to remain so the finished product looks more squared off!
Take hold of the end of the
pearl sheet furthest away from the striped cane and pull it over the top to
cover the slice of cane.
Now brayer down the package to
make sure you get out as many air bubbles as possible. (You don't have to have a
brayer tool as shown here. You can use a glass or rolling pin or whatever you have
Go to the end where the Pearl
clay is folded over. Brayer it down a little more so it tapers to a point. You
are going to roll this covered slice and it will roll more even if you give it a
Ease the folded end up
carefully. Tke your time at this point. It will make all the
difference in your cane. Just ease the edges over a little at a time until it
rolls back on itself. Use only ONE side as your guide. Roll the covered slice up
slowly, keeping it aligned along the one side evenly, the rest will follow!
The rolling will get easier as
you go, but keep an eagle eye our for the air bubbles and work them out
immediately. Keep rolling until you have everything captured in the cane! Don't
worry about the ends flapping, they will be rolled in when you get to the end.
You can trim them so they don't go too far, but some is needed to give a more
blended end to the jellyroll.
When you have gathered up all
the clay, roll it a little more to check for air bubbles. If you get any, use a
pin to open the bubble and work out as much air as possible with your finger.
Cut the cane open and see what
you have!!! Now pat yourself on the back again! You did a great job!
(Click here for Detail)
Take a slice of your original
Mosaic Cane and reduce it for variation!
(Click here for Detail)
Then take a slice of your
original Striped Cane and reduce that. Now go have some fun making beads or
(Click here for Detail)
Click here for a Printable Version of This Page
Click on the Next Page Link below for a few variations on this blend and for the Skinner Templates! The possibilities are endless! Please, if you try these out, please put some photos in Show and Tell so we can all share them, and if you come up with a great color blend, I'd love to add them to the Variations page!!!
Previous Page | Next Page
PoLEIGH Talking -
Polymer Clay Central | <urn:uuid:1f3b00c1-9644-419c-a709-db8fd7f7d346> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://polymerclaycentral.com/poleigh/rb_skinner2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00158-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932763 | 1,705 | 1.625 | 2 |
In culinary, the garlic is unavoidable, in medicine too and its application may be an alternative to many medications. But, believe it or not the end is not even near for its use. For you we have singled out several ways of applying the garlic.
1. Garlic as remedy for pimples
Shredded white garlic is added to masks and lotions for face. However, the simplest way for eliminating the acnes and pimples is applying it on the inflamed parts of the skin with its juice. Thus, pimples will dry and disappear.
2. Treatment against fungi of feet
Garlic is one powerful antifungal agent. There is one special bath of garlic (10 cloves in 1 quart of warm water). Or, you can easily mash them, mix with olive oil in ratio 1:1 and apply the mixture to the inflamed places.
3. Remedy for toothache
This is long proven recipe – put small clove of garlic between the gums and the inside of the cheeks in addition to reduce the painful tooth. The pain will quickly disappear.
4. Remove the stub
If you gained stub, it will come out if you put chopped or mashed clove of garlic on the sore spot, wrapped with bandage and left for an hour.
5. Crack on the glass
Also old proven way of use – chop few garlic cloves, take the juice out of them and pour it on the crack. Indeed, the crack will not spread further.
6. As remedy against colds, viral infections and strengthening the immune system
In Chinese medicine the garlic is used for full recovery. Take one small clove of garlic, put in your mouth and soak it with saliva while it is “walking” in your oral cavity. This procedure should be done for 30 minutes in the morning when the “dump” is most present in the mouth.
The effect of sucking garlic is really stunning. The saliva, together with the useful nutritional substances will enter in the blood, will clean the blood vessels and lymphatics. Also, will strength your oral cavity and will stop the bleeding.
After the procedure, the garlic should be spit out and you should brush your teeth. If after brushing, your teeth still smell, put coffee bean in your mouth or small parsley leaves. Also, a few sips of milk will completely remove the smell of garlic in your breath.
Why you should put garlic in your mouth?
- Garlic perfectly cleanses the blood
- Stimulates your appetite
- Protects against epidemic, influenza and other respiratory diseases
- Strengthens the immunity
- Useful in anemia
- Treating chronic bronchitis | <urn:uuid:bed0966a-302a-49f4-9b0f-2ed53beac6eb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.healthyaeon.com/2016/04/6-new-unfamiliar-ways-of-applying-garlic.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00417-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933439 | 552 | 1.851563 | 2 |
A campaign group opposing plans to build an £8million care centre, claim it would destroy “ancient woodland”.
The charity Sue Ryder, which cares for people with complex brain conditions, has submitted plans to vacate the listed building Cuerden Hall and build a 62-bed specialist unit on nearby land it owns.
The Save Cuerden group, which opposes the location of the new centre, said the development would destroy “many ancient and glorious trees, hundreds of which will have to be felled during development”.
The charity disputes that any of the trees involved are “ancient” and insists they are “less than 50-years-old”.
Although the woodland is owned by the charity, it is currently accessible to the public.
Alison Whitham, who lives nearby and is a member of Friends of Cuerden Park and Lancashire Wildlife Trust, said the group had great respect for Sue Ryder, but thought the location of the centre was completely wrong.
She said: “Everyone values and applauds the great work that Sue Ryder do and the investment into new facilities is just the nature of progress. However, the site chosen will have a massive environmental impact and much more suitable sites are available.
“It is designated by the county council as ancient and historic woodland of around 300 to 400 trees and should be an asset for future generations.
“It is known as Lady De Hoghton’s Wood as it was planted for her by Robert Towneley-Parker hundreds of years ago.”
Under the proposals, which have been lodged with Chorley Council, former country mansion Cuerden Hall, which dates back to 1717, would be converted into around 60 apartments.
Another six homes would be built within the outbuildings of the current hall.
The proposed neurological care centre would enable the charity to expand its services, providing custom built facilities for people with Huntington’s, multiple sclerosis and other complex diseases.
The Save Cuerden group is appealing for those who support them to contact Chorley Council to object.
Supporter Anne Kingston, said: “The historic Cuerden Valley Park is such a popular and much needed green space.
“It would be tragic to lose any of its valuable and well established habitat and wildlife.
“In its history the park has been sliced in half by the M65 and since that time the trust and rangers have worked hard to improve the park.
“There must be a more sympathetic way to move forward.”
Project manager Paul Harper, who works in the business development team at Sue Ryder, said: “Sue Ryder believes that healthcare and the environment go hand in hand and, as such, aims to minimalise the environmental impact it makes in all areas of the charity.
“As a result of the development, we anticipate that a small number of trees will need to be removed.
“However, this area of trees is not ancient woodland and is not on Natural England’s ancient woodland register.
“The nearest ancient woodland is over 3.8km away to the south east.
“All the trees that would be felled as part of the Cuerden development are poorer quality specimens and generally less than 50-years-old.
“The positioning and design of our new building is such that we are able to retain any higher quality specimens.” | <urn:uuid:30fb1b8c-84b9-4d19-a6cc-3087c8c03bfb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.chorleycitizen.co.uk/news/11037820.Chorley_care_centre____will_destroy_ancient_trees____claim/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00136-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967953 | 721 | 1.570313 | 2 |
South Herefordshire was one of nine local government districts of the English county of Hereford and Worcester from 1974 to 1998.
The District was established on 1 April 1974 as part of a general reorganisation of local administration in England and Wales under the Local Government Act 1972. It was formed from part of the administrative county of Herefordshire, and was an amalgamation of four local authorities:
The district entirely surrounded the district of Hereford.
Following a review by the Local Government Commission for England, the County of Hereford and Worcester and the districts within it were abolished on 1 April 1998. South Herefordshire was combined with the areas of City of Hereford, most of the District of Leominster, and part of the District of Malvern Hills to form a new unitary "County of Herefordshire District": usually referred to simply as Herefordshire. | <urn:uuid:90bc63a0-9c6d-463c-8adb-38f351a4fb2a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Place:South_Herefordshire%2C_Hereford_and_Worcester%2C_England | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00457-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961586 | 178 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Yesterday’s topic was about abused children, but we know that men and women are abused as well. Today’s topic is about abused women. What can we do about it and most importantly how can we prevent it. The series will end with a case study of a battered Montreal women and the role her friends played in her support.
The Earlier Signs:
These signs can be so subtle that women do not see them. Sometimes abuse is not there staring you in the face, sometimes relationships seem to start out normal and that is why so many women get hooked into the relationship before realizing what is happening.
Abusers don’t always show their true colours in the beginning of a relationship, when they know the woman would run, sometimes they gradually change over time. This is confusing for women and makes it much more difficult to understand that abuse is going on and they should leave the relationship before they fall in love or become to heavily invested in the relationship.
Here are some early signs that may go unnoticed or justified by the woman in some way:
Alternating between loving and indifferent behaviour
Sometimes your guy acts loving one minute and totally indifferent the next. He may stop talking to you for any dumb reason, or maybe you don’t even know why he has stopped talking to you. Then out of the blue he just starts talking to you again. Based on that premise alone, a woman would not necessarily think this was abuse.
The man might buy you flowers out of the blue, but if you ask him for a glass of water he may make you wait for an hour or so until he is good and ready to give it to you.
You may be dating him and he does not call you for days or weeks on end and then expects you to be so very happy to see him when he does finally show up.
Non consensual sex
He may demand sex and take it whenever he wants it. (Yes ladies this is a sign of abuse).
To be continued | <urn:uuid:3cbdf7e9-5f2f-4382-81e8-5dc923842b6f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bogbit.com/the-early-signs-of-domestic-female-abuse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00052-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942362 | 407 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
- Restoration of endodontically treated teeth
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
- Universidade Positivo de Curitiba
- Universidade da Região de Joinville (UNIVILLE)
- The restoration of endodontically treated teeth is one of the most challenging situations of the dentist`s clinical practice, because it involves procedures related to several areas, such as Endodontics, Operative Dentistry, and Prosthetics. These restorations aim to replace the structures lost during endodontic surgery and access to both the pulp chamber and root canal system during the instrumentation, as well as the removal of the carious tissue and temporary restorations. It is also important to remember that the prognosis of endodontically treated teeth depends not only on endodontic treatment success itself, but also on the amount of remnant tooth tissue and the definitive restoration that will be placed onto the dental element.
- RSBO. Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia, v. 8, n. 3, p. 33-46, 2011.
- Intraradicular posts
- Endodontically treated teeth
- Acesso aberto
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Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. | <urn:uuid:b7576463-a78c-4d5b-8d81-31af470799ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://acervodigital.unesp.br/handle/11449/125885 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.819355 | 426 | 1.835938 | 2 |
“The government should ensure sustainability in our seas so that tuna fisheries can continue, securing the livelihood of millions of fisherfolk,” said Mark Dia, Regional Oceans Campaigner for Greenpeace Southeast Asia.
Speaking during the 15th Tuna Congress in the country’s tuna capital, Dia said, “instead of pursuing ever-increasing tuna catches and opening up new fishing grounds, the Philippine government needs to direct its support to shift the tuna industry and prop up existing sustainable methods in catching tuna.”
Scientists have long called for further protection of the region’s valuable big eye and yellow fin tuna stocks. Unless measures are taken, such as reducing the catches of juvenile tuna caught by using fish aggregation devices (FAD) the stocks will continue to drop.
Tuna need at least two to three years to grow to maturity, so if most of the catch is juvenile tuna, fish stocks will not be able to replenish themselves. The decline in these fish stocks is already hurting longline and handline fleets. Evidence of this is already clear in the traditional tuna fishing areas south of Mindanao where tuna are getting smaller and harder to catch.
“Without strong action to stop overfishing and overcapacity in the fleets, which means that there are already many boats catching fish, fishing companies as well as coastal communities will suffer huge losses as the stocks decline and fleets will be forced to move elsewhere,” said Sari Tolvanen, Oceans Campaigner for Greenpeace International.
Tolvanen added, “a precautionary approach must be taken now, before it is too late. The problem is that efforts at fisheries management have fallen short of what is required.”
The Alliance of Tuna Handliners echoed Greenpeace’s concern about current unsustainable fishing practices that jeopardize the future of the industry. “Our livelihoods are already threatened. The hook and line tuna industry is being sacrificed for canned tuna,” said Raul Gonzales, spokesperson for the group.
“Therefore, we ask that the government act now to ensure that juvenile tuna catches in the purse seine fisheries are reduced. Urgent reduction in excess purse seine fishing capacity must also be implemented.”
The problem of big eye tuna overfishing was discussed at the recently concluded Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) workshop held in Japan, of which the Philippines is a member. A proposal to extend the FAD ban in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean from the current 4 months to at least 5 months has been broadly agreed, but the Philippines has said that it wants to be exempted from having to further restrict FAD use.
“Instead of continuously trying to seek exceptions to conservation measures, the Philippines should instead work more closely with the rest of the Pacific region and help put in place strong science based management measures that can help stop overfishing,” stressed Dia.
For more information:
Mark Dia, Regional Oceans Campaign Manager, Greenpeace Southeast Asia, +63 917 843 0549
Sari Tolvanen, Oceans Campaigner, Greenpeace International, +31 6 55125480
Virginia Benosa-Llorin, Media Officer, Greenpeace Southeast Asia , +63 917-8228793 | <urn:uuid:f8b2bc49-d40e-4765-aff6-c0e91a13f4f7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.greenpeace.org/seasia/ph/press/releases/Greenpeace-sounds-the-alarm-on-the-state-of-tuna-calls-for-action--to-ensure-a-sustainable-tuna-industry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00519-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930885 | 670 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Sterling Bank has partnered with an NGO on climate change.
Glamtush reports that Sterling Bank Plc has said it is partnering with Creative Youth Community Development Initiative (CYCDI) on a campaign tagged #NaijaClimateNow, to implement solutions towards climate change adaptation in Nigeria as part of its commitment and significant contributions to a better and safer ecosystem.
Naija Climate Now presents an opportunity for all stakeholders within the environmental space, including the government, the private sector, non-governmental and international entities, to reflect on issues affecting Nigeria and propose solutions towards climate adaptation on the Race to Zero.
Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer (MD/CEO) of Sterling Bank Plc, Mr. Abubakar Suleiman, disclosed this in Lagos today while addressing a press conference on the partnership. He noted that the bank has been promoting practices that protect the environment for the benefit of humanity through its corporate social responsibility initiative known as the Sterling Environmental Makeover (STEM).
He said STEM, which was launched more than a decade ago as a cleaning exercise promoting sanitation and hygiene, has over the years evolved into a national movement championing the cause of the environment. The programme currently covers public enlightenment campaigns, partnership with waste management agencies in almost all the states of the federation, tree planting initiatives to combat desertification in parts of Northern Nigeria, and an annual national cleaning exercise. He added that Sterling Bank has committed more than a billion Naira to the programme since its inception.
As a build-up to the C0P26 – UN Climate Change Conference, scheduled to hold in Glasgow, Scotland, on 1-12 November 2021, CYCDI is organising a Climate Change Exhibition. Art Exhibition titled “Naija Climate Now; Race To Zero Emission” will be hosted by The British Deputy High Commission on 07 October 2021.
The Exhibition on 17 Canvases will showcase sustainable climate adaptation solutions towards climate resilience, green economic recovery and low carbon Nigeria. It will also depict 34 solutions presented by Naija Climate Now finalists, and the goals of COP26; Limiting Global Temp to 1.5 degrees Celcius, Climate Adaptation, Climate finance and Partnerships to deliver the Goals.
The overall objective is to support the UK’s commitment to work with all countries, including Nigeria and joining forces with civil society, companies and people on the frontline of climate change to inspire climate action ahead of COP26.
The 34 Green Entrepreneurs will be admitted to the hybrid innovation hub to attend training and co-creation sessions in November 2021. The training aims to enable green businesses in climate-smart agriculture, food processing, water resources, climate technology, and biodiversity protection while promoting Climate Change Enterprises to champion Green Recovery in Lagos and across other Nigerian states.
Besides these, the campaign will also produce thousands of Green Entrepreneurs within the environment, agriculture, tech, education, and creative space. The target is to move everyone closer to a clean, green future to create jobs and prosperity without harming the planet.
In the first quarter of 2022, the Green Entrepreneurs tech marketplace will open for thousands of entrepreneurs to transact businesses while protecting the planet. | <urn:uuid:0d597242-778a-42d7-a10b-6f43c90b7d43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://glamtush.com/sterling-bank-partners-ngo-on-climate-change/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.932941 | 649 | 1.671875 | 2 |
The second WCC Library book exhibit for May 2010 commemorates Memorial Day. Observed on various dates in the Spring at the local and state level since the 1860s in the United States, Decoration Day was originally a day devoted to placing flowers on graves of soldiers who died in the American Civil War. Declared a national holiday in 1971, and by then expanded to honor the dead in all American wars, Memorial Day has traditionally been celebrated on May 30th, but recently it has been designated to occur on the last Monday of the month of May. To find out more information about Memorial Day, visit the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs website. This website gives you the history of Memorial Day and other pertinent information.
Archive for May, 2010
The first WCC Library book exhibit for May 2010 celebrates Asian-Pacific American Heritage Month, with its theme of “Leadership to Meet the Challenge of a Changing World.” Asian-Pacific American Heritage Month was first observed in May of 1990 when George H.W. Bush officially declared Asian-Pacific Heritage Week to be expanded to a month-long celebration. To find out more about the Asian-Pacific cultures and their heritage, visit the Library of Congress’s Asian-Pacific American Heritage Month website, as well as Duke University’s Asian Pacific Studies Institute, providing links to both the Insitute’s library resources and the North Carolina Japan Center. | <urn:uuid:e436bed6-11e0-4b91-a427-a0edd6b1be22> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.waynecc.edu/library-blog/2010/05/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00224-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9512 | 290 | 2.609375 | 3 |
During times of fear and crisis, the great temptation of men and nations is to leave the tested and true paths of liberty and choose to follow charismatic leaders who promise to solve their problems and bring change. We have entered a time such as this in America. European socialism is now being implemented at all branches of our government. Our liberties, our heritage and our prosperity are hanging in the balance.
But there is hope. World history is full of examples of nations and individuals who have successfully resisted the overreach of unaccountable power. These great stories of hope and encouragement have been virtually forgotten, censored or untold for a generation.
The story of the incredible transformation of England from tyranny to liberty in the 17th century is a lesson for the ages and produced one of the greatest freedom documents of history. For centuries, the English had forgotten the blood bought documents of liberty. Illiteracy, no Bible in the hands of the people, the Great Plague, church corruption and the “divine right” kings had kept them addicted to the worship and fear of “celebrity.”
At the start of the 17th century, the English were filled with hope that their new young “Christian” leader would bring real change. The English believed he would bring reform and solve their problems. But instead, King James I used his “Christianity” as a cover for even further economic, religious and political corruption. James I proceeded to bankrupt his nation. He spent the nation’s wealth on fighting foreign wars and giving money and lands to his lovers, insiders and special interest groups.
When James I finally died in 1625, his son, Charles I, continued his father’s corruption. He used the Star Chamber, a kangaroo court with no jury or appeal, to persecute believers, bypassing the Parliament and the courts. In Scotland, Charles and his sons tortured and martyred 18,000 ministers and their wives. History proves that out-of-control, unaccountable leaders always persecute Christians. Here’s an example of that persecution and how it resulted in a great turning point in the history of liberty.
On June 30, 1637, John Bastwick and two of his friends were found guilty of criticizing the Arch-Bishop. These godly men were condemned in the Star Chamber. Before all of London they were placed helplessly in the stocks, beaten and had their ears cut off. While Bastwick was being tortured, his wife took a ladder and ascended the scaffold. She gathered the tattered pieces of her husband’s ears in a napkin and then kissed him. The bishop in charge of the torture raged, “What do you think of your husband now?” She said, “I have never been more proud of him than I am at this moment.” The men were then dragged away facing life sentences in the dungeons.
Read more at World History Institute | <urn:uuid:4266f8a2-f43b-4187-bc40-bf35e6aad574> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://kirkcameron.com/articles/hope-you-can-believe-in/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977791 | 606 | 1.882813 | 2 |
When I first met Steve Jobs, I thought he was a loser. It was 1980, and I was just a Silicon Valley kid who knew nothing about computers. I had gotten a job at this little computer company near my house called Apple because my mom worked there. It was based in what looked like an abandoned dentists office on Bandley Drive in Cupertino, just a block or two from Apple's current headquarters. Jobs was 25 at the time, and what I remember about him is how he would storm around the office, yelling, and how he wore tattered jeans, and how everyone seemed to be afraid of him. I knew his type: uneducated, blustery, a guy who thinks a lot of himself. At the time, I had no idea what computers would amount to and no idea that this guy would turn out to be one of the greatest visionaries of our time. To me, he just seemed like a lost hippie kid, and I was not terribly interested. After less than a year at Apple, I left to go on to more exciting things, like dealing blackjack in Lake Tahoe.
It was only a few years before I understood exactly what I had walked away from. Jobs not only turned Apple into the most valued company in the world, worth an estimated $342 billion, he rewrote the rules of business, combining Sixties idealism with greed-is-good capitalism. At a time when software was the model, he built hardware. At a time when everyone focused on the macro, he focused on the micro. He never did anything first, but he did it best. More than anyone else on the planet, he is responsible for fusing the human realm with the digital, for giving us the ability to encode our deepest desires and most intimate thoughts with the touch of a finger. "He's the Bob Dylan of machines," says Bono, who knew Jobs for years. "He's the Elvis of the hardware-software dialectic."
But, God, he could be a dick. Those who knew Jobs best and worked with him most closely - and I have talked to hundreds of them over the years – were always struck by his abrasive personality, his unapologetic brutality. He screamed, he cried, he stomped his feet. He had a cruelly casual way of driving employees to the breaking point and tossing them aside; few people ever wanted to work for him twice. When he fathered a daughter with his longtime girlfriend Chrisann Brennan at age 23, he not only denied his paternity, he famously trashed Brennan in public, telling Time in 1983 that "28 percent of the male population of the United States could be the father." His kinder side would only emerge years later, after he had been kicked around, beaten up, humbled by life. He grew up poor, an adopted kid who felt cast aside by his birth parents, feeling scrawny and teased and out of place, and he remained deeply insecure for most of his life, certain that it would not last long.
"Steve always had that James Dean, live-fast, die-young thing," says Steve Capps, one of the key programmers on the first Apple Macintosh. As they worked late into the night to design and build the device that would revolutionize personal computing, Jobs would talk about death a lot. "It was a little morbid," Capps recalls. "He'd say, 'I don't want to be 50.'" Brennan recalls Jobs making similar comments when he was only 17. "Steve always believed he was going to die young," Brennan says. "I think that's part of what gave his life such urgency. He never expected to live past 45."
In 2005, not long after he was diagnosed with the cancer that would eventually kill him, Jobs gave a now-famous commencement address at Stanford University in which he hailed death as "very likely the single best invention of life," one that "clears out the old to make way for the new." Perhaps it was not unexpected that Jobs, the archetype of the modern inventor, would conceive of death in such terms – as if life itself were an idea that had been hacked together by a larger, more powerful version of himself in some big garage in the sky. But if death is life's greatest invention, the greatest invention of Steve Jobs was not the iPod or the iPhone or the iPad. It was Steve Jobs. Before he could alter the landscape of the world as he found it, he first had to design and assemble the Jobs the world would come to idolize. "Steve was a shallow, narcissistic person who became more fully developed emotionally as he went along," says John Perry Barlow, a digital pioneer and former lyricist for the Grateful Dead who knew Jobs for several decades. "He created a lot of great hardware, but over the years, he also invented himself."
Jobs was born to insecurity. His mother, Joanne Schieble, was a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, where she got involved with a Syrian student named Ab-dulfattah Jandali. When Schieble found out she was pregnant, her father objected to her marrying a Syrian. "Without telling me, Joanne upped and left to move to San Francisco to have the baby without anyone knowing, including me," Jandali would later tell a reporter. "She did not want to bring shame onto the family and thought this was the best for everyone."
Steven Paul Jobs was born on February 24th, 1955. Schieble gave her baby up to Paul and Clara Jobs, a working-class couple in San Francisco. Paul, a high school dropout who grew up on a farm in Wisconsin, made his living as a debt collector, a repo man and a machinist. Clara worked as a payroll clerk at Varian Associates, one of the first high-tech companies in Silicon Valley. It was not what Schieble wanted for her child, but she made one provision for him before she left. The first in her family to go to college, Schieble believed in the value of education: Before she signed the adoption papers, she made Paul and Clara promise to send her son to college.
From the start, Jobs was a temperamental kid. He jammed bobby pins into an electric outlet and burned his hand. He had to have his stomach pumped after he drank ant poison. He woke up early, so his parents got him a rocking horse, a gramophone and some Little Richard records to entertain himself. "He was so difficult a child," his mother would later confide to Brennan, "that by the time he was two, I felt we had made a mistake, and I wanted to return him." Like many other parents of the time, Paul and Clara soon plunked their son down in front of a relatively new technology called television, where he eagerly devoured everything from Dobie Gillis and I Love Lucy to Jonny Quest.
When Jobs was three, Paul moved the family from San Francisco to Mountain View, an unsophisticated town of tract houses and apricot orchards just south of Palo Alto. It turned out to be a fortuitous move, putting young Steve right in the middle of the engineering culture that was just beginning to blossom in Silicon Valley. Not that the Jobs family had much connection to it. Paul tried fixing up old cars and dabbling in real estate, but money always seemed to elude him. In the fourth grade, Steve's teacher, Imogene Hill, asked the class, "What is it in this universe that you don't understand?" When it came to Steve's turn to answer, his reply was heartbreaking: "I don't understand why all of a sudden we're so broke."
Jobs was too mouthy and inattentive to be a great student. But he was saved from truancy and delinquency by Hill. "She was one of the saints of my life," he would later recall. "She taught an advanced fourth-grade class, and it took her about a month to get hip to my situation. She bribed me into learning." Hill paid Steve $5 bills out of her own pocket to do his homework and read. Spurred by her confidence in him, he skipped the fifth grade and went straight into Crittenden Middle School. It proved a rough place for a thin, wispy kid who was never much of an athlete. The other children taunted Jobs about his adoption. "What happened?" they would sneer. "Didn't your mother love you?" When he would recount the teasing years later, his girlfriend Chrisann recalls, "the pain of it still showed on his face."
At 11, Jobs announced to his parents that he was not going back to Crittenden. But instead of telling him to tough it out, Paul and Clara moved the family to Los Altos, a richer town a few miles away, with a better school system. It was in those years that what we now know as Silicon Valley came into being. The orchards that had covered the Valley had recently been bulldozed, and there was a sense of a new world rising, a belief that you could engineer your own future. There were no stuffy traditions, no cultural baggage. You could be whatever or whoever you wanted to be.
Jobs recalled it as a place where everyone was tinkering away in their garages, building their own TVs and stereos with mail-order kits called Heathkits. "These Heathkits would come with these detailed manuals about how to put this thing together, and all the parts would be laid out in a certain way and color-coded," he said. "You'd actually build this thing yourself. It gave one an understanding of what was inside a finished product and how it worked. But maybe even more importantly, it gave one the sense that one could build the things that one saw around oneself in the universe. You looked at a tele-vision set and you would think, 'I haven't built one of those, but I could.' It gave a tremendous level of self-confidence."
When Jobs was 14, a neighbor introduced him to an older kid named Steve Wozniak who was building a little computer board he called the Cream Soda Computer. "Typically, it was really hard for me to explain to people the kind of design stuff I worked on," Wozniak later recalled. "But Steve got it right away. And I liked him. He was kind of skinny and wiry and full of energy."
Wozniak, five years older than Jobs, was a full-on geek: big, socially awkward, obsessed with electronics, a kind of genius at seeing how wires connected and how to make machines dance. Jobs was never as technically sophisticated, but he knew enough to be fascinated. He and Woz hung out in the way boys do, goofing off and playing pranks; they once hung a huge middle finger they had fashioned out of tie-dyed bedsheets on the school building. But they soon graduated to a pastime that barely had a name in those days: phone phreaking, one of the earliest forms of hacking. After reading an article in Esquire, Wozniak and Jobs figured out how to build small blue boxes that mimicked the tones used by phone operators – enabling users to place free long distance calls at will. According to legend, Wozniak used a blue box to phone the Vatican; adopting a German accent, he identified himself as Henry Kissinger and asked to speak to the pope.
Other geeky kids might have left it at that – a fun toy for impressing your friends with stupid pranks. But even then, Jobs saw the commercial potential in cool technology. He and Woz sold the boxes in the dorms on the Berkeley campus of the University of California, making some nice pocket money before giving it up for fear of getting busted. It was an early test run at entrepreneurship. Jobs later said that without the blue boxes, there would be no Apple.
In 1972, when he was 17, Jobs met a green-eyed bohemian girl named Chrisann Brennan who was a year behind him at Homestead High. They soon embarked on a big, messy teenage romance, taking LSD at school and talking about The Pri-mal Scream, a book by Arthur Janov. For Jobs, dropping acid was not only a means to living life more fully – it was a way to overcome the pain of being abandoned by his birth parents. "Steve explained to me how both LSD and primal screaming opened up stored trauma in the medulla," Chrisann writes in an unpublished memoir she shared with Rolling Stone. "He would repeatedly talk about Janov's ideas in regard to how mothers and fathers would fail to love their children and walk out on them in so many ways, creating and perpetuating trauma." Jobs was quiet and funny, so shy that Chrisann had to initiate kissing. He would play guitar for her in his bedroom, crooning like his hero, Bob Dylan. From the beginning, it was clear to Brennan that Jobs was going places. "He told me on our first or second date that he would be a millionaire someday, and I believed him," says Brennan. "Steve could see the future."
Unlike Wozniak, who was content to remain within the boundaries of his geeky life, Jobs was a searcher. He watched art movies and wrote poetry. He chased girls and had lots of sex. He experimented with sleep deprivation, fasting and drugs. "What is this I found in your car?" Paul Jobs asked his son at one point. Steve didn't even try to hide the truth. "That's marijuana, Father," he said. The summer after high school, Steve and Chrisann left home and moved into a cabin in the mountains above Cupertino, where Jobs typed late into the night, rewriting Dylan lyrics in his own words.
Jobs knew that his parents had promised his birth mother they would send him to college, and he took the obligation seriously. In 1972, he left Chrisann to enroll in Reed College, a private school in Oregon known for its free spirits and hippie vibe. But by the end of the first semester, he'd dropped out. "After six months, I couldn't see the value in it," he recalled. "I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK."
Jobs hung around Reed for another six months or so, auditing a class in calligraphy. It was hardly the kind of thing a budding entrepreneur would be expected to study, but Jobs was after enlightenment, not career advancement. "I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms," he later recalled. "I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it."
Jobs came to see himself as part of the tail end of the Sixties idealism. "We wanted to more richly experience why we were alive, not just make a better life," he said of his generation. "So people went in search of things. The great thing that came from that time was to realize that there was definitely more to life than the materialism of the late Fifties and early Sixties. We were going in search of something deeper."
At the time, it seemed that all young searchers ended up in the same place: India. At Reed, Jobs was introduced to the teachings of Neem Karoli Baba, an Indian guru whose ideas had been popularized by author Ram Dass in a best-seller called Be Here Now. Before long, Jobs had embarked on a pilgrimage to India to meet Baba, but the guru died shortly before he arrived. Jobs shaved his head, trekked through the Himalayas and spent a month living in a one-room cement hut on a potato farm. During his wanderings, overcome by the widespread poverty and suffering he encountered, he was struck by an insight that would prove central to his own reinvention, a subtle but significant shift from the spiritual to the practical: "It was one of the first times I started thinking that maybe Thomas Edison did a lot more to improve the world than Karl Marx and Neem Karoli Baba put together."
The story of the birth of Apple is so well-known that it can practically be recited by schoolchildren: the Homebrew Computer Club, Jobs and Wozniak building the first computer in his parents' garage, naming the company after an apple farm in Oregon that Jobs visited briefly when he returned from India. It's the stuff of Silicon Valley legend.
At Apple, the division of labor was clear: Wozniak was the technical brains, Jobs was the hustler. Jobs pushed Woz to finish his projects and scored the necessary parts at rock-bottom prices; he would later say he learned to negotiate by watching his dad haggle for auto parts at junkyards. From the start, it was Jobs who had the imagination to see that there was a business to be built on personal computers. In some ways, it was a measure of desperation: He was broke, and he needed money. In other ways, it was the extension of the Heathkit impulse that reigned in the Valley in those days: You could build anything, including your very own company.
For Jobs, the model of a successful startup was Atari, the video-game company where he had worked when he was saving money for his trip to India. But Jobs fused Atari's get-rich-quick entre-preneurialism with a Sixties seeking of enlightenment. Larry Brilliant, who met Jobs in India and later went on to run a variety of philanthropic ventures in the Valley, recalls asking Jobs why an idealistic guy like him was starting up a for-profit company. "Remember in the Sixties, when people were raising their fists and saying, 'Power to the people'?" Jobs told him. "Well, that's what I'm doing with Apple. By building affordable personal computers and putting one on every desk, in every hand, I'm giving people power. They don't have to go through the high priests of mainframe - they can access information themselves. They can steal fire from the mountain. And this is going to inspire far more change than any nonprofit."
It's an open question how much Jobs believed his own high-blown rhetoric, and how much of it was simply clever marketing spin. Either way, his fusion of idealism and technology was right for the times: Apple took off. Jobs was worth $10 million by the time he was 24; a year later, he was worth more than $100 million.
But as Apple ascended, Jobs changed. Friends say his temper grew shorter, and he began treating those around him badly. He had resumed his relationship with Brennan, and the two of them were living together in a house Jobs had rented not far from Apple. Then, just as Apple was taking off in 1977, Brennan became pregnant – and Jobs responded by pushing her out of his life. "He would not talk to me," she recalls. "He would only talk to his lawyer." Jobs refused to provide her with any financial help, yet he was violently opposed to her giving the baby up for adoption and had his friends pressure her not to have an abortion. After his daughter, Lisa, was born, Jobs was a distant father, dropping in on her infrequently. Brennan ended up renting an apartment for $225 a month and living on welfare. Jobs continued to deny paternity until it was confirmed by a DNA test.
At Apple, Jobs displayed a rebelliousness that bordered on self-destructiveness. By the early 1980s, the company had grown large enough that Jobs could no longer control every aspect of it, and the popular Apple II had already run its course. After seeing a prototype of a mouse and desktop icons during a visit to Xerox PARC, a research center in nearby Palo Alto, Jobs came away convinced that all computers would one day operate on such a model. But he couldn't get the top management at Apple to agree, so he simply hijacked a team working on another project, took the best ideas from Xerox and elsewhere, and added some of his own. The result was a renegade team at Apple, hidden away in a building off the main campus, that was tasked with creating the first Macintosh.
The dictum that Jobs issued to the Macintosh team was simple: Build the coolest machine you can. Every day, it seemed, brought a new crisis: The disk drive didn't work, the software was fucked up. Through it all, Jobs drove the team of eight programmers hard, working them day and night for months on end. "You'd work on something all night, and he'd look at it in the morning and say, "That sucks,'" recalls Capps, the Mac programmer. "He'd want you to defend it. If you could, you were doing your job and Steve respected you. If not, he'd blow you out of the water." Driven by his own demons, Jobs became legendary for his ability to humiliate others. "Steve simultaneously has the best and worst qualities of a human being," says Andy Hertzfeld, another key programmer on the Mac team. "They're both in him, simultaneously, living side by side with each other."
A control freak, Jobs demanded perfection and originality in every detail: When he could not find the precise color he wanted for the Mac, he ordered a special beige tint created. "His reverence for shape and sound and contour and creativity did not come from the boardroom," says Bono. "It came from that anarchic, West Coast, fuck-off attitude that rules the 21st century. He wasn't going to make ugly things that made profits. The big lesson for capitalism is that Steve, deep down, did not believe the consumer was right. Deep down, he believed that he was right. And that the consumer would respect a strong aesthetic point of view, even if it wasn't what they were asking for."
The launch of the new computer, with the iconic 1984 commercial that brilliantly positioned the Mac as a tool of liberation, gave the world its first glimpse of Jobs the showman. The machine itself became a huge success, selling more than a million units and transforming the computer industry, but Jobs was increasingly unable to control the company he had created. His instincts were still those of an adolescent – but as he quickly discovered, you can't run a Fortune 500 company like a garage band. Jobs recruited John Sculley, the CEO of Pepsi, to lend a steady hand, but he proved incapable of sharing power with the more experienced executive. The two men clashed constantly. Forced to choose between the rebel hothead and the even-handed adult, the Apple board tossed Jobs overboard. "At 30, I was out," he later recalled. "And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating."
Jobs was deeply wounded by his ouster from Apple. The central trauma of his life, after all, was being given up for adoption by his parents, and now he was being kicked out of his second family, the company he founded. A close friend of Jobs once speculated to me that Steve's drive came from a deep desire to prove that his parents were wrong to give him up. A desire, in short, to be loved - or, more precisely, a desire to prove that he was somebody worth loving. Whatever the psychological impact, it was clear that Jobs was devastated, and he didn't know what to do with himself. He was young, handsome, famous, rich – and lost. He took some time off to travel around Italy and talk about personal computers in the Soviet Union. He had also reached out to his biological mother and discovered that he had a sister – the writer Mona Simpson. The revelation that he had a talented, arty sibling pleased him to no end, and the two of them became fast friends. To his credit, he also used this time to connect with Lisa, his daughter with Chrisann Brennan.
Within a year or so, Jobs had a comeback plan. He decided he was going to build what he called "the perfect company," and it was going to be perfect in every detail, from the stylish logo designed by Yale art professor Paul Rand to the state-of-the-art factory that would churn out desktop supercomputers with unheard-of speed and grace, a wonder of modern manufacturing. Even the name of the company reeked of a kind of hubris: NeXT. Its success would be his revenge on the bozos at Apple who had tossed him out. He would show them.
It was around that time that my path once again crossed with Jobs. As it turned out, my wife had met Mona Simpson while working at a literary magazine, and she told us, very quietly, about how she had learned that Jobs was her brother. She talked about the troubles that Jobs was having remodeling his apartment in the San Remo, and how he encouraged Mona to buy more expensive clothes. She was proud of him, and protective, but in private she referred to him as "the Sun King," because he was so imperious.
In 1986, when Simpson's novel Anywhere But Here was published, the writer and editor George Plimpton threw her a party at his Upper East Side apartment. The party was full of New York literati, as well as Steve and Mona's mother, Joanne. I did not know that Jobs would be there - in fact, when he quietly walked up and joined a conversation I was having with several other writers, I didn't even recognize him. Gone was the jean-clad nerd I had known in the early days of Apple: In his double-breasted suit, his dark hair perfectly groomed, Jobs seemed more a metrosexual playboy than a computer geek. As the evening wore on, I noticed that women swarmed around him, though he appeared not to notice. Away from Silicon Valley, where he had spent his entire life, he actually seemed a bit unsettled - a man who had no trouble going toe-to-toe with big-time CEOs, but who went tongue-tied when confronted with someone as intimidating as a poet.
At NeXT, Jobs succeeded in producing a strikingly distinctive object – but one that proved way too expensive for the market. Consumers who bought NeXT computers still swoon over them, calling them the most beautiful machines ever built – but in the real world, nobody wanted to pay 10 grand for a beautiful machine. Jobs managed to persuade Ross Perot to invest $20 million in NeXT, but within a few years, it was clear that the company's machines were headed for computer museums as artifacts built by an obsessively perfectionist man who had confused art with commerce.
In the spring of 1994, I went to NeXT to interview Jobs for Rolling Stone. The offices, like everything else about the company, were a showcase of perfection, with a glass staircase designed by the celebrated architect I.M. Pei. It was a sunny day, and salty air from the bay blew through the building - but it was spooky as hell, because the place was deserted. There might have been a few last programmers plugging away in some backroom, but I didn't see them. Jobs met me in the conference room, which practically had cobwebs hanging from the whiteboard. He was 39, stocky and jowly, dressed in jeans. It was the first time I'd seen him with a beard. There was a Citizen Kane quality to it all - the formerly great man in the big empty castle. "Steve is a little like the boy who cried wolf," Robert Cringely, an influential Silicon Valley writer, told me at the time. "He has cried revolution one too many times. People still listen to him, but now they are more skeptical."
Part of the skepticism came from the fact that, at that moment, Silicon Valley was changing fast. A year earlier, a hotshot programmer at the University of Illinois named Marc Andreessen had created the first Web browser, and the dot-com revolution was about to take off. There was a sense that something big was on the horizon – something that Jobs seemed to have no part of. Not that he was oblivious: He talked a little about what was then being called "the information superhighway" and astutely noted that the computer was being transformed from "a tool of computation to a tool of communication." But nothing he was doing at NeXT was really connected to the online revolution.
He was clearly still bitter about what had happened at Apple – and he had even more bitterness toward his old nemesis Bill Gates, who, in a cruel bit of irony, was on his way to becoming the richest man in the world thanks to Windows, the operating system that Microsoft had modeled on the Macintosh. Jobs called Microsoft "completely lost" and cast its market dominance - and its stifling effect on innovation – as a threat to the U.S. economy. "Unfortunately, people are not rebelling against Microsoft," he told me. When I asked how he felt about Gates achieving dominance in the industry by essentially ripping off the approach that Jobs had pioneered, he snapped, "The goal is not to be the richest man in the cemetery. It's not my goal, anyway." Later, when I asked him what his goal in life was, he said, "In the broadest context, the goal is to seek enlightenment – however you define it."
As I listened to him, I once again thought of Orson Welles – a great genius who did his best work at 25 and ended up doing TV game shows and commercials for crappy wine. When I asked Jobs how he felt about the comparison, he had the wit to make light of it. "I'm very flattered by that, actually," he said. "I wonder what game show I'm going to be on."
But here's the thing about Jobs: You could never predict when he was going to say something lovely and profound. Near the end of the interview, I asked him how it felt to walk around in the world and see Mac computers everywhere. "The Macintosh was sort of like this wonderful romance in your life you once had - and that produced about 10 million children," he said wistfully. "In a way it will never be over in your life. You'll still smell the romance every morning when you get up. You'll see your children around, and you feel good about it. And nothing will ever make you feel bad about it."
Two things helped Jobs turn his life around. One was meeting Laurene Powell, a tall, blond Jersey girl studying for an MBA who heard him speak at Stanford after he was booted out of Apple. They were married in 1991 in a small Buddhist ceremony at Yosemite National Park and eventually had three kids together. Friends noticed immediately how becoming a family man matured Jobs. "I saw him coming out of a restaurant in Palo Alto, and he had a baby in his arm," says John Perry Barlow. "He was a changed man. He had a sweetness to him, a contemplative quality."
The other was a little company called Pixar. In 1986, the film production company founded by George Lucas was looking to unload high-tech imaging technology that would allow users to render their own 3D graphics. Jobs, enthralled by the technology, picked the division up for a mere $5 million. Taking over as CEO, he turned the graphics division into an animation studio, cut a deal with Disney for distribution, and gave a budding animation genius named John Lasseter and his team the kind of money and creative license he had never granted his employees at Apple. The result, after years of losses, was Toy Story. In 1995, a week after the film's release, Pixar went public and Jobs found himself sitting on stock worth $1.1 billion. Suddenly, Jobs looked like a genius again.
Apple, meanwhile, was struggling to survive. The board had installed a succession of clueless CEOs, who had done a brilliant job of driving the once-great company into irrelevance. I spent a lot of time at Apple in 1996, reporting a story on the decline and fall of the company for Rolling Stone, and Jobs spent hours on the phone with me, giving me his read on what went wrong and why. It was clear that he was personally offended that a guy as square and conventionally minded as CEO Gil Amelio - a veteran of the semiconductor industry, which is nothing at all like the PC industry - was running Apple. For Jobs, it was like a father seeinghis beloved son in the hands of a child molester.
So Jobs staged a comeback. Like many of his greatest accomplishments, it was swift and brutal. He charmed Amelio and the board sufficiently to convince them to buy NeXT's software for $400 million and use it as the basis for Apple's future operating system, which turned out to be OS X. Then he got himself named as an "informal adviser" to the company. Before long, Amelio was vanquished and Jobs was back in charge. He brought in a new board, sympathetic to his ideas for a turnaround.
For Jobs, this was a huge gamble. Apple was so far gone by that point that reviving it was by no means a sure thing. His strategy was simple. First, he halted Apple's disastrous decision to allow other computers to clone Macintosh's operating system. Next, he went humbly to Bill Gates and struck a deal to keep Microsoft software running on the Mac. Finally, he unleashed a talented designer named Jonathan Ive, giving him free rein to build great computers. His first all-new computer, the iMac, was a simple, distinctive, easy-to-use machine that had the playful spirit of the old Macintosh. It was an immediate hit.
Jobs saw clearly that Apple's future was in more than just PCs – it was in building cool hardware and software to deliver all kinds of content, including music and movies. The iPod, which launched in 2001, was the first move in that direction. I went to see Jobs in November 2003, around the time he introduced the Windows version of iTunes, a move that would make him the most influential man in the record industry. I bumped into him in the lobby – he was wearing shorts and Birkenstocks, looking very relaxed - and we took the elevator up to his office on the fourth floor. It was the least glamorous office you could imagine: no wood paneling, no awesome view, no decanter of whiskey, no silly toys or lava lamps. Settling into the conference room, he began to talk, mostly about the move into music.
iTunes, as Jobs saw it, was a way to stop outfits like Napster from enabling users to steal music – by creating the world's largest music store, with every song available instantly at the user's fingertips. Jobs had just browbeaten the record labels into coming on board, but it was still not clear whether iTunes would be selling individual songs or offering unlimited access to subscribers. "I think you could make available the Second Coming in a subscription model," Jobs mused, "and it might not be successful."
But the business aspects of Apple weren't nearly as interesting as his personal reflections. I asked him about Bob Dylan, what his music meant to him. "He was a very clear thinker, and a poet," Jobs said. "He wrote about what he saw and thought. The early stuff is very precise. As he matured, you had to unravel it a bit. But once you did, it was clear as a bell." He talked about bootlegging Dylan in the early days with Woz. I sensed that he was opening up some, so I pushed him by asking if he ever had any doubts about technology, if he believed we were pushing it all too far: genetic research, cloning, all that.
He looked at me and rolled his eyes. "You know – I'd rather just talk about music. These big-picture questions are just – zzzzzzzz," he said, snoring loudly. "I think we're all happier when we have a little music in our lives."
He waved at my tape recorder. "Turn that off," he ordered. "Can we just talk?"
"Sure," I said, turning off the machine.
"I'm just really uncomfortable talking about this. It's not my thing."
"You don't like to think about the past, do you?" I asked.
"I don't have anything against the past," he said. "I just want to focus on the future."
From there, we went into a freewheeling conversation about the news of the day – starting with Arnold Schwarzenegger's election as governor. ("I wish he had a little more business experience," Jobs said.) I asked him if he ever considered running for public office. He broke into a broad smile, and mimicked the voice of a reporter: "Yes, Mr. Jobs, and could you please tell us how many times you've dropped acid?" As we talked, I got the sense of another Steve Jobs, someone less certain, less self-confident. I asked him if he had gone to see Dylan a lot when he was younger. "Never," he said with obvious regret. "I was too busy with Apple." I suddenly understood how narrow his life had been, how much his success had cost him - so focused on one thing, so desperate to make it work.
Somehow, we got onto the topic of Bill Gates, and I asked him if he believed Gates was greedy. "I like Bill, but sometimes I wonder – Bill, why do you have to take a dollar out of every dollar that passes through your hands? Why do you have to have it all? Can't you just take, like, 99 cents and leave a penny for someone else?"
He seemed unusually relaxed, in no hurry to end the interview. I thought of a question I had always wanted to ask him.
"Where does your common-man touch for technology come from?"
'Yeah, you know – simplicity of design. You understand how people use technology in a human way. Where does that come from?"
"You make it sound like I have statues of Chairman Mao on my front lawn," he said, laughing.
"No, I'm serious."
"I don't think it's that profound. I think most people in the technology world don't pay attention to design. They don't know anything about design, they don't care about it."
Suddenly I could see he was getting impatient, that my time was running out.
"Do you have any regrets about your life?"
"Sure," he said.
"Personal things. Things that have to do with family." I presumed he was talking about Lisa, but I didn't push it.
At this point, my notes falter. I don't remember exactly how we got to this, what it was I asked him that prompted the response. Maybe I asked him if there were things he'd do differently. Maybe I asked him if he felt lucky. Maybe I even asked him if he was afraid of dying. But what I remember is this: Jobs leaning forward at the end of the table and looking at me directly, his eyes intense. "I think that life is something that happens in a flash," he said. He snapped his fingers. "We just have a brief moment here, and then we are gone."
As I said goodbye, he gave me a long look in the eye. I'm not sure what it meant, but there was a humanness to him that I had not seen before. I could see that he was confused and vulnerable. He had made sacrifices, done things wrong, had regrets. What he had shared with me were not the breathtaking thoughts of a visionary, but those of a regular human being.
Only a month earlier, he had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
Jobs never expected to live past his forties. He had more than a passing interest in Buddhism, which teaches that death is not necessarily final - that souls can be reincarnated. Still, for a father with four children, the diagnosis was a brutal blow.
Most people who get pancreatic cancer are dead within a few months. But Jobs got lucky, as he often did. His cancer, a rare neuroendocrine tumor, was slower-growing than most, giving him more time to seek treatment. Instead of fearing death, Jobs embraced it as a tool to clarify his thinking. "Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life," he said in his commencement address at Stanford University. "Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure – these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important."
As always, Jobs sought his ultimate solace in his work. Two of Apple's most innovative and successful products - the iPhone and the iPad – were both launched after he was diagnosed with cancer. Both were risky ventures that could easily have flopped, but Jobs retained his perfectionist discipline. Vic Gondotra, head of mobile applications at Google, was attending religious services one Sunday morning when he got a call from Jobs. "I've been looking at the Google logo on the iPhone, and I'm not happy with the icon," Jobs told him. "The second 'o' in Google doesn't have the right yellow gradient. It's just wrong and I'm going to have Greg fix it tomorrow. Is that OK with you?" Gondotra calls it a lesson he'll neverforget. "CEOs should care about details," he says. "Even shades of yellow. On a Sunday."
As his illness worsened, Jobs found his life narrowing even further. He didn't go out at night, never accepted awards, gave no speeches, attended no parties. Instead, he holed up in his home in Palo Alto, where he hung out with his family and learned everything he could about cancer – and how he might beat it. "He knew more about it than any oncologist," says his old friend Larry Brilliant, who is an M.D. His body grew thinner and thinner, and he took a six-month leave from Apple to have a liver transplant.
Late last year, Jobs called me out of the blue to ask about doing another magazine story together. I was struck by how different his voice sounded on the phone. It was not just softer and weaker. It was also more curious. For the first time, he asked me about my kids. I have no idea how he even knew that I have kids – we'd never discussed it. Others noticed the same change in his manner. He no longer seemed as arrogant, and had lots of time and compassion for the suffering of others. When Brilliant's 24-year-old son developed what turned out to be a fatal cancer, Jobs became his "cancer buddy," Brilliant says. Jobs made spreadsheets detailing the pros and cons of various doctors to help him decide whom to see. He called every week, talking Brilliant's son through the chemo, saying, "If I can make it through this, so can you." "Whenever he was down, Steve would call and give him a pep talk to buoy his spirits," recalls Brilliant.
At the iPad launch in January 2010, Jobs was accompanied by his family, including his wife, Laurene, and his sister, Mona. Onstage, he worked through his presentation, looking thin and frail, but courageous. His body was rail-thin, his cheeks gaunt. After the talk, Jobs pulled on a black hoodie and went into the demo area to talk to the media. When I stopped to say hello, he looked at me with glazed eyes – the faraway, unfocused eyes of an old man – and said, "What do you think of the iPad?" I wasn't sure if he recognized me, and it was clear he was having a hard time carrying on a conversation. Apple's PR people quickly whisked him away, and I never spoke to him again.
For Jobs, the slide continued. Brilliant stopped by his house frequently. On good days, they would walk downtown to get a smoothie, the only food Jobs could eat. "We laughed a lot," Brilliant says. "Sometimes we would talk about God, or about the afterlife – which Steve was intensely curious about. He was very frank about what was going on. He was not in any kind of denial." Jobs often had IVs strapped to his arms. "I'd joke with him that from the neck up, he looked great," says Brilliant. "But his legs looked like Bam-bi's." Sometimes, when the talk got heavy, Brilliant – who is not a small man – would crawl onto the bed beside Jobs and hold him. "He was not worried about Apple's future – he knew that would be fine," Brilliant says. "He was thinking about his kids. He said to me, 'I just want to live long enough to see my kids graduate from high school.'"
According to Brilliant, Jobs had come very close to death twice over the summer: "He had gathered his family around him to say goodbye." Somehow, he rallied both times, but the trajectory was clear. Only a few people were allowed to see him in his final days – beyond his immediate family, the list included Dr. Dean Ornish, a close friend, and John Doerr, the venture capitalist. Brilliant last saw him two weeks before he died. In his room, Jobs had two pictures of the guru he never got to meet, Neem Karoli Baba, as well as a book of Baba's teachings, Miracle of Love. Although he was frightfully thin, Brilliant says, Jobs was "mutedly optimistic" that he would make it, that the new cancer treatment he was taking might buy him more time. "When I left," Brilliant says, "it did not feel like goodbye."
Jobs died at home on Wednesday, October 5th, surrounded by his family. He was 56 years old. He had always known he would never live to be an old man, but he came closer than he ever imagined he would. He used the extra years - "borrowed time," he called it – to complete the spiritual journey he had begun as a kid in the apricot orchards of Silicon Valley. "There were those two sides to him," says Bono, who spoke to Jobs not long before he died. "There was the warrior, and then there was the very tender and soft-spoken side. I already miss him." Jobs may be remembered as the man who brought the human touch to our digital devices. But perhaps his greatest – and hardest-won – accomplishment was bringing the human touch to Steve Jobs.
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Is There a West Versus East Journo Battle Brewing?
The unspoken consensus in media is that in order to “make it,” it’s necessary to spend some time in the East. Because, of course, the financial and governing epicenters are in New York and DC, the East has long been home to most of our renowned publications. But today geographical boundaries are being eclipsed by the digital era. The West Coast is rapidly building its own newsworthy infrastructure: it’s home to the technological forefront; the Pacific Rim is now responsible for half of the world’s consumers, trade, and global GDP; Los Angeles, San Francisco, Silicon Valley, Portland, and Seattle are becoming part of what’s now being referred to as the “Great Crescent.” Is there an emerging “Western” voice? Is there a need for one? Or, as the digital age continues to evolve and reshape society, will the fragmentation of the “epicenters” follow? Is the East Coast journalism power structure finally losing its grip as the place where “successful” journalists must get their start?
Additional Supporting Materials
- Are there different sensibilities between coasts when it comes to approaching, covering and consuming the news?
- Is it possible to create a viable news-based institution that's located 3000 miles from the existing power structure-- a power structure that's existed far before the industrial age?
- Is it possible that as as geographical boundaries become eclipsed by the digital era and by emerging technological platforms, that an east coast versus west coast mentality, as it pertains to news and journalism, may soon become irrelevant?
- As the digital age continues to expand, evolve, and reshape the structure of our society, will the fragmentation of power structures follow what's been referred to as the fragmentation of news?
- How likely is it that that east-coast driven power structure will soon abdicate its current standing as the epicenter of news creation and distribution?
- Maria Streshinsky, Editor-in-Chief, Pacific Standard magazine
- Scott Stossel, Deputy Editor, The Atlantic
- Adam Rogers, Senior Editor, WIRED
- Dylan Byers, Reporter, Politico
Lauren Joffe, PR Coordinator, Alissa Neil PR
Show me another | <urn:uuid:f92781d1-81e1-415f-8a85-10be3e071767> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://panelpicker.sxsw.com/vote/5472 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00339-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943697 | 482 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Play is a paradox. Why would the young of so many species--the very animals at greatest risk for injury and predation--devote so much time and energy to an activity that by definition has no immediate purpose? This question has long puzzled students of animal behavior, and has been the focus of considerable empirical investigation and debate. In this first comprehensive and state-of-the-art review of what we have learned from decades of research on exploration and play in children and animals, Power examines the paradox from all angles. Covering solitary activity as well as play with peers, siblings, and parents, he considers the nature, development, and functions of play, as well as the gender differences in early play patterns. A major purpose is to explore the relevance of the animal literature for understanding human behavior. The nature and amount of children's play varies significantly across cultures, so the author makes cross-cultural comparisons wherever possible. The scope is broad and the range multidisciplinary. He draws on studies by developmental researchers in psychology and other fields, ethologists, anthropologists, sociologists, sociolinguists, early childhood educators, and pediatricians. And he places research on play in the context of research on such related phenomena as prosocial behavior and aggression. Finally, Power points out directions for further inquiry and implications for those who work with young children and their parents. Researchers and students will find Play and Exploration in Children and Animals an invaluable summary of controversies, methods, and findings; practitioners and educators will find it an invaluable compendium of information relevant to their efforts to enrich play experiences. | <urn:uuid:824e35ea-47df-4cf9-95b5-a0ee33a2fdfe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://readrate.com/deu/books/play-and-exploration-in-children-and-animals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953604 | 320 | 3.484375 | 3 |
- The UK has voted to leave the European Union, 51.9 to 48.1 percent
- Prime Minister David Cameron announced early Friday that he will step down in three months time.
- Unwinding the union will be a messy process that will take months, if not years, and have broad political and financial impacts.
- The pound dropped in value on the London exchange early Friday morning.
- Presumptive Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump called the Brexit “a great thing.”
We asked three American scholars of the EU to tell us what Americans should know about the vote.
Mabel Berezin, Cornell University: Brexit: Neo-Nationalism wins, Europe loses
Britain voted to leave the EU by a slim margin – but not as slim as one would expect. The headlines are already blaring with words such as “surprising,” “shocking,”and “earthquake.”
Should we be surprised?
Only if we look at Britain without comparing it to its European neighbors.
Up until 2014, Britain was relatively free of the Neo-Nationalist parties that were gaining traction across the continent. It had its flirtation with right wing parties but they had virtually no electoral salience. But then the UK Independence Party (UKIP) led by Nigel Farage made Euroskepticism its calling card. It had support from movements such as Britain First which took up the anti-migration theme and left UKIP to speak mainly about Europe. In the spring 2015 European Parliamentary elections, UKIP was the leading party.
However, if we look comparatively across the continent, the results are less surprising. National referenda have not been kind to the EU.
In 2005, both France and the Netherlands voted to reject the proposed European constitution. Greece voted in summer 2015 to reject a debt re-structuring plan proposed by the EU. In spring 2016, the Dutch voted in a minor referendum against extending trade benefits to the Ukraine.
Citizens of European states do not like the EU. They have not been pro-Europe for at least the last 10 years — if ordinary citizens ever were.
The triple crises of 2015 — debt, refugees, and security --hit the continent hard.
British citizens were surely looking at their neighbors across the channel and not liking what they saw. Given this context, David Cameron’s decision to put membership in the EU to a popular vote was an extreme and foolish political miscalculation.
The ultimate cost may be the collapse of EU. Marine Le Pen, National Front leader in France has been calling for Frexit for a long time. Other countries may follow Britain’s lead.
Analysts argued that the Brexit campaign revealed a chasm between locals and cosmopolitans. They saw two Britains – a highly educated and mobile group and an older place-bound group left behind by globalization. Ironically, this vote will only reinforce that division in the UK and across Europe.
Mabel Berezin is a Professor of Sociology at Cornell University. She is the co-editor of Europe without Borders: Remapping Territory, Citizenship, and Identity in a Transnational Age and the author of Illiberal Politics in Neoliberal Times: Culture, Security and Populism in the New Europe.
Terrence Guay, Pennsylvania State University: Britain’s summer of discontent reflects worst of times
The Brexit outcome is, to those who voted “remain,” a Shakespearean tragedy.
The UK’s relationship with the institution created by its European neighbors has long been fraught with seeds of discontent. Squabbles over payments to the EU’s budget, complaints by small businesses about regulations emanating from Brussels, opposition to the expansion of policy-making beyond trade, worries about handling financial crises, and anger over immigration both from other member states and lands beyond finally delivered the result that the “leave” campaign sought.
While virtually every analyst expected a close outcome, the result is shocking financial markets and companies. Eventually the dust will settle, currency and stock markets will stabilize, and a “negotiated divorce” will take place over the next two years.
This will be an important time for U.S. companies to reassess their European strategy and operations. U.S. companies have $588 billion dollars invested in the UK. That represents 23 percent of U.S. corporate investment in the EU. Now the UK is likely to see its position diminish as a favored launching pad to enter the European market. With trade barriers, mainly tariffs, likely to rise for products exported from the UK to the 27 other EU countries, the UK will be a less desirable location for U.S. firms.
Perhaps more important will be the disappearance of London’s voice in EU matters that are of concern to U.S. commercial and foreign policy interests.
London’s position on financial services regulations issues more closely match Washington’s than that of any other European country. These include the imposition of sanctions on Russia, relations with the Middle East, and the still-under-negotiation Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership – which is now almost certainly dead as a result of the Brexit vote.
It is all but certain that the UK will be a less reliable ally to U.S. interests, not just in Europe, but globally. By the end of President Clinton’s or Trump’s second term in the White House, the phone number for 10 Downing St. will be further down on the president’s call list.
Terrence Guay is clinical professor of international business at the Smeal College of Business at Pennsylvania State University. This year he published European Competition Policy and Globalization with co-author Chad Damro.
Peter Harris, Colorado State University: With Brexit, new challenges for U.S. grand strategy
U.S. grand strategy has just been dealt a double whammy.
Not only has America’s strongest ally in Europe just voted to relinquish its seat at the table in Brussels, but the new reality of Brexit means that decision-makers in Washington will now be having to fight fires in Europe instead of catering to more pressing geopolitical exigencies.
The U.S. has long depended on a united, strong, and vibrant Europe to help anchor the rules-based international order that it hopes will persist long into the 21st century. And since joining the European Economic Community in 1973, Britain has been an effective ally in the service of this goal, always a reliable proponent of an enlarged European Union organized around liberal economic principles.
Without London as an interlocutor, the U.S. will have to undertake the costly endeavor of shifting its diplomatic footprint from London to Berlin, Paris, or Brussels. How to push through the free trade deal between the U.S. and EU? How to make sure that Europe does not bend in the face of Russian predation? Britain is now far less able to help deliver on such issues.
Even more worrying from the U.S. perspective, however, is the possibility that more EU nations will begin to contemplate leaving the organization. This danger should not be underestimated: the EU has malcontents across the continent, and even pro-EU leaders can find themselves consenting to plebiscites against their better judgment. After all, David Cameron only pledged a referendum on Brexit in January 2013 as a gambit - ill-judged, it now seems - to placate restive Eurosceptics within his party.
All of this comes at an incredibly bad time for U.S. strategic planners, who are in the midst of an ambitious “pivot” to Asia that they see as critical to safeguarding the international security architecture of the Western Pacific and the wider world. For them, disunity in Europe is an unwanted, costly, and tragically unnecessary distraction.
Peter Harris is an assistant professor of political science at Colorado State University. He recently published All Brexit is Local in National Interest magazine. | <urn:uuid:aeba449a-b0f8-4452-992c-d8e8f03fc55e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://newrepublic.com/article/134602/brexit-will-hit-america | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00002-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953556 | 1,641 | 1.96875 | 2 |
The ndis.sys blue screen error is one of the most serious error messages you can receive on your PC screen. It must be dealt with as soon as possible or your PC will crash, and all your important documents, programs and files will be lost. Occasionally, a simple restart will temporarily solve the problem, but this will simply be the equivalent of treating a serious wound with a plaster. You will need to get the issue resolved.
Running in excess of 10 programs at the same time on a PC is one common cause of the infamous blue screen ndis.sys error, causing RAM to get overloaded and crashing the PC. Windows registry problems may be to blame for ndis.sysblue screen if you're only running a few programs and get the error.
To deal with this issue, unplug the cable from your network interface card. Then install the driver you received from the manufacturer for the network interface card. Disable the third party firewall if you have one and restart the computer.
Wondershare PowerSuite Golden will perform a complete registry cleanup with a few clicks of the mouse. The result will be a great improvement in PC speed and performance, as well as the disappearance of the blue screen error.
The Suite can also be used for many other tasks, such as booting up a crashed PC and installing and fixing Windows to recovering data, optimising the system, partitioning the hard drive and much more besides.
The ndis.sys blue screen error is one of the most serious error messages you can receive on your PC screen. Learn how to fix ndis.sys blue screen error here. | <urn:uuid:d4d5b657-2076-4c22-bb3b-4e94c39e9a29> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.wondershare.com/disk-utility/fix-ndissys-blue-screen-error.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00327-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911728 | 329 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The province has endorsed the regional waste plan, which includes the incineration of garbage.
The region adopted the Integrated Solid Waste and Resource Management Plan (ISWRMP) a year ago this week. On Monday, Minister of Environment Terry Lake gave it his approval.
Aside from incineration, plan also calls for an aggressive push for increased recycling and composting of household organics.
Metro board chair Lois Jackson said Monday the provincial approval was great news.
“This solid waste management plan will help us preserve non-renewable resources, save energy, generate revenue, protect the environment and reduce greenhouse gases,” Jackson said.
The ISWRMP was the result of an exhaustive public consultation and involves several methods of waste disposal as the region attempts to cut down the amount of garbage headed for the landfill.
The targets are an 80 per cent diversion in the amount of waste heading for landfills, which are quickly hitting their maximum allowable intake.
“But even with high diversion rates, we still need to deal with the more than one million tonnes of waste we cannot recycle, and the new plan does that by focusing on the recovery of materials and energy from the garbage that remains,” Jackson said.
Surrey Acting Mayor Marvin Hunt said he was thrilled the plan got provincial approval.
The former chair of the Metro Vancouver Waste Committee said it was about 15 years in the making to find a plan regional directors could agree upon.
“Now the work comes as we try to deal with technologies and find out what are the best technologies in the world to deal with our solid waste,” Hunt said. “This is a very good day.”
Jackson said the plan looks at garbage as a resource and an opportunity to find better ways to protect our planet.
“This is a plan that protects the environment and also generates revenue that will help pay for the things we need to safely and responsibly manage our garbage,” Jackson said.
Mayor Dianne Watts said at the time the region passed the plan that there’s a huge host of emerging technologies that should be considered.
She also noted the Fraser Valley is vehemently opposed to incineration close to home.
“We have to respect their views as well,” Watts said, adding she would approve of an out of region facility. “I think it’s the most balanced approach.”
Because of strong public reaction to decrease the amount of garbage going to landfills, Metro staff are recommending an 80 per cent diversion by 2020. Previously, the goal had been a 70 per cent diversion by 2015.
Part of the plan is to compost all residential organics by 2012 and by 2015, banning all such food and kitchen waste from landfills.
At least one green group is upset with the fact that Environment Minister Terry Lake approved the plan.
“Decisions like this one today would seem to suggest that Minister Lake sees his job as helping big companies get around dealing with environmental concerns, rather than actually protecting our environment,” said Ben West, Healthy Communities Campaigner with the Wilderness Committee.
“The real fight will begin when they pick a location and try to build one of these pollution-spewing garbage-burning monsters,” said West. “Wherever they try to do this we will be there to make sure people know the truth about what is being proposed in their backyard.” | <urn:uuid:adb6b0f1-8bf6-462b-b09b-335bcf9286b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.agassizharrisonobserver.com/news/province-approves-regional-waste-plan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.96518 | 704 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Homes have become increasingly unaffordable for millions of Americans – with house prices and mortgage rates continuing to rise (see the lowest rates you can qualify for now here). So – as part of our series where we ask prominent economists and real estate professionals about their views on the housing market now – we spoke with Mark Fleming. Fleming – the chief economist for title, settlement, real estate data and the risk solution company First American Financial Corporation – has analyzed and forecast the real estate and mortgage markets for 20 years. Prior to becoming chief economist at First American, Fleming developed insights and analytical products for CoreLogic as well as valuation models from Fannie Mae, and today his research expertise includes real estate and urban economics and mortgage risk. So we asked Fleming: What do today’s buyers and sellers need to know about the housing market?
Mortgage rates are higher, but they are still not high
Although they are significantly higher than three months ago, which reduces the purchasing power of housing, they are around 6% for a 30-year fixed-rate loan, which Fleming says is far from high. “Mortgage rates are higher, but by historical standards they are not high,” says Fleming. He has a point: This chart from the St. Louis Fed shows the curve for mortgage rates since 1975. (See the lowest rates you can qualify for here.)
Affordability is increasingly a challenge for buyers
House prices have been rapid over the past two years. In fact, according to data from the National Association of Realtors, the median sales price for an existing home was up 17% from last year. “This is important because it has been virtually impossible for homebuyers to keep up, and as a result, affordability has declined,” says Fleming.
Fleming says that the rise in house prices, measured by many of the house price indices reported in the media, has a significant lag, sometimes as much as six months. – It will take a few more months before the house price indices reflect how prices have reacted to the rapid rise in mortgage rates in the second quarter, says Fleming.
Prepare for lower house price growth
But just because affordable is a challenge, does not mean that house prices will fall. Fleming says that his research shows that in epochs with rising mortgage rates, as we are experiencing now, the number of home sales tends to fall, but house prices usually do not. “Fewer sales and less price increases are the expectation,” says Fleming.
The housing market is cooling down
See inventory levels and the amount of vendor price reductions on listings. “These are the leading indicators of where prices will go and how the rise in mortgage rates has affected demand. More inventories and more reductions in seller prices signal a cooling market,” says Fleming. “Only days on the market were never normal. In fact, the old saying used to be that sellers should usually expect their home to take up to 3 months on the market to sell. Of course we are a bit away from that yet, but sellers should expect it takes longer to sell their home. For buyers, expect less fierce competition to buy a home, says Fleming. (See the lowest prices you can qualify for here.)
Rate an ARM and be a smart shopper
Given today’s market, Fleming says that it is easy to lose focus in the midst of changes in mortgage rates and other housing dynamics. The reality is that some basic steps are still important and are not much different than any market. Look for the best mortgage, and research adjustable rate mortgages in a market with rising interest rates for the lower interest rate advantage. Make your choices based on the home as a shelter , rather than an opportunity for return on investment and patience, says Fleming. | <urn:uuid:9b1bb22a-5b5d-42d8-ba2b-4fdf3a2f99af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://businessglitz.com/im-the-chief-economist-for-a-5-billion-real-estate-data-and-title-company-here-are-5-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-housing-market-now/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.976871 | 775 | 1.929688 | 2 |
When it comes to logistics, strategies that reduce carbon emissions also reduce transportation costs. Boise, a leading manufacturer of packaging and paper products in the United States, launched two initiatives to do just that – shifting from road to rail transport and making more efficient use of rail transport.
Together, these initiatives have resulted in a combined 60 percent reduction in the company’s CO2 emissions from transportation related activities, as well as cost savings on the targeted shipments.
Carbon emissions from freight transportation are on pace to grow 40 percent by 2040 – the equivalent of carbon emissions produced by 39 million passenger vehicles on the road today.
Leading shippers, like Boise, are making changes to put us on a more sustainable path. Boise’s story is the third in a series of EDF and MIT case studies about carbon-efficient logistics.
In the Carload Direct Initiative, Boise switched from using a combination of rail and truck to send products to one of its customers, OfficeMax, to sending shipments exclusively by train. Both Boise and OfficeMax facilities are directly accessible by rail, so the two companies collaborated to make the switch. More than 200 carloads were shipped via rail direct from Boise manufacturing facilities to OfficeMax distribution centers in 2011.
Taking efficiency to the next level, Boise launched a Three-Tier Pallet Initiative to increase the volume of products in each rail shipment. Prior to this project, railcars were loaded two pallets high, leaving a space from the top of the second pallet to the roof of the railcar. The company introduced a half-pallet size to take advantage of the extra space in rail cars. This increased railcar utilization by 14 percent and also provided the customer greater order flexibility.
The two initiatives have yielded combined carbon emission reductions of more than 2,800 tonnes of CO2, the equivalent of saving over 313,000 gallons of fuel.
The Boise story is one of efficiency and collaboration. The Caterpillar case study describes how Caterpillar was able to collaborate with suppliers to consolidate inbound shipments and eliminate truck miles. The Ocean Spray case study described how Ocean Spray was able to collaborate with a competitor to make use of empty backhaul on rail.
Collaborative distribution presents a huge opportunity for companies to reduce costs and carbon emissions. Sure, collaboration has its challenges – coordinating schedules and order sizes, protecting data, adjustments to inventory, etc.
Still, leaders are finding solutions to these challenges.
Get started today – talk to your logistics team, your sustainability team, and your logistics service providers – thinking strategically about logistics will save you money and improve your environmental performance.
To read the full MIT version click here. To read the EDF summary version click here. | <urn:uuid:80afdf0b-05c8-4a95-a2ec-ae49da511cc0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://business.edf.org/blog/tag/green-freight/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00312-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952039 | 550 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Spiders that mimic ants
There are some spiders that mimic ants and other insects in order to prey upon them without being detected.
Several groups of spiders have evolved to look and behave like various species of ants. This is known as mimicry. There are also spiders that mimic other insects such as flies and wasps. Most spider mimics belong to a few families of Hunting Spiders, notably the Salticidae (Jumping Spiders), Corinnidae (Sun Spiders), Thomisidae (Flower Spiders) and Zodariidae (Spotted or Ant Spiders).
Ants are particularly good animals to mimic, firstly because they are very numerous and secondly because many animals find them distasteful or dangerous to eat. By looking like an ant, the spider mimic is less likely to be noticed or eaten.
A few spiders not only look like ants but smell like them as well. These spiders are such good mimics that they trick not only animals that eat ants but they trick the ants as well. By smelling like the ants, the spider is able to enter the ant nest unchallenged and steal their young.
Do you have a question or comment? Please contact our Search & Discover team. | <urn:uuid:742da6e5-3da0-4f86-9734-e5b88d7c1918> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://australianmuseum.net.au/spiders-that-mimic-ants | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969402 | 250 | 2.859375 | 3 |
One recommendation for keeping America competitive and prosperous in the 21st century is to involve K-12 science, technology, engineering and mathematics teachers in a research experience at a college or university.
The G.I.F.T. (Georgia Intern-Fellowships for Teachers) Program, a partnership between UGA and Georgia Tech, allows K-12 teachers to experience the “real-life” application of classroom subjects in research settings.
UGA scientists are encouraged to attend one of two information sessions from 4-6 p.m. Oct. 21 or 9-10 a.m. Oct. 22 in room 307 of Conner Hall.
To register contact Susan Reinhardt, the UGA G.I.F.T. program coordinator, at firstname.lastname@example.org or (229) 386-3050
More information about the program can be found online (www.ugastars.org/gift.htm). | <urn:uuid:98e68cb4-51e3-429f-bfa5-216a0915d4a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.uga.edu/g-i-f-t-program-information/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.867544 | 196 | 2.109375 | 2 |
The Big Horn County Historical Museum provides a variety of educational opportunities and school programs.
- Guided and self-guided tours – Please contact us for more information
- Historical Programs – See “What’s Happening” section on home page
- Scavenger Hunts – Geared toward our young guests. Inquire at front desk
- Out-Reach Programs – Contact us for availability
- Research – Extensive library and archives. Please call for an appointment
- Kid’s History Day – An educational event offered annually the 3rd Thursday in May to area schools. Volunteers offer hands-on-activities geared toward 4th grade students. Our activities provide young people an opportunity to experience life as it was in the mid-1900s. Activities include: Churning butter, Indian Hand games, quilting, rope making, cow milking, laundry, and much, much more. Due to the popularity of this event, schools are encouraged to call and make reservations to participate.
Learn more about the area and it’s history:
Big Horn County:
Established in 1865, Big Horn County offers you rich history, such as Custer’s last stand at the Little Bighorn Battlefield and Visitors Center.
Big Horn River and the Little Horn River:
As you come into Hardin, the Bighorn is met up by the Little Bighorn and then travels into the Yellowstone River. As the Little Bighorn heads north, it runs through the Crow Indian Reservation and past the villages of Wyola and Crow Agency, and the town of Lodge Grass.
The Crow Indian Reservation spans 2.2 million acres and is the largest in the state of Montana. It is located along the northern border of Wyoming and sits about 10 miles southeast from the city of Billings.
George Armstrong Custer:
George Armstrong Custer was born in 1839 in New Rumbley, Ohio and was sent out to southeast Montana in 1876. Eventually his mission was to be part of a three-pronged attack on a large tribe of nomadic Native Americans, encamped along the Little Bighorn River.
Little Big Horn Battlefield National Monument:
The original name of the actual battlefield was Custer Battlefield. In 1991, President George H.W. Bush made sure that homage was given to both the Native Americans and the 7th Cavalry, by renaming the site Little Bighorn Battlefield. Also, in 2003, a special memorial was dedicated to honor the Indian warriors who also fought valiantly and sacrificed their lives. | <urn:uuid:854f9232-9baf-440e-8912-c6bd055222fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bighorncountymuseum.org/education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.941154 | 563 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Ki’suk kyukyit (Greetings)
June 21 is National Indigenous Peoples Day, a day for Canadians to recognize and celebrate the unique heritage, diverse cultures, and valued contributions of First Nations, Inuit, and Metis people. National Indigenous People’s Day is held on the summer solstice as acknowledgement of the many generations of Indigenous people and communities who have celebrated their culture and heritage on or around the longest day of the year.
At College of the Rockies, we are honoured that our campuses are located in the traditional territory of the Ktunaxa people, which is also home to the Kinbasket people. Five First Nation bands are located within our College region – four of which are Ktunaxa, and one Shuswap. We also partner with the Kootenay Regional Office of the Mètis Nation, BC.
The College is committed to creating opportunities for our students to feel supported, safe, and included in curriculum, and to allow Indigenous students to share their cultures and traditions as a way for us to learn as well.
The Indigenous team at College of the Rockies works closely with representatives from the Ktunaxa Nation Council Education and Employment Sector to help make the College experience an enjoyable and successful one for our Indigenous students.
Team members include:
Karen Smith – Director of Indigenous Strategy & Reconciliation (right in photo)
Jo Anne Smith – Indigenous Education Coordinator and Advisor (left in photo)
Taryn Kuhne – Indigenous Student Navigator
These team members work alongside Resident Elders and student mentors to provide a variety of services, including: helping with funding and program applications, education advising, advocacy, referrals to resources and services, hosting of cultural events and gatherings, and more.
Interested in learning more about your Indigenous neighbours and how to have a better conversation in the age of Truth and Reconciliation? We are proud to offer a unique, online course that can be taken from the comfort of your own home. KTUN 100 – Introduction to the Ktunaxa People provides an opportunity for you to learn about the Ktunaxa people, directly from the Ktunaxa people. Nation elders, fluent speakers, and other cultural consultants all participated in the development of this course, which includes video of Ktunaxa people discussing their culture and experiences in their own words.
For those interested in taking their knowledge of the Ktunaxa people even further, the College also offers two Ktunaxa language courses: KTUN-101: Introduction to Ktunaxa Language, and KTUN-102: Basic Ktunaxa Language.
Whether you take a course at the College, read books by Indigenous authors, watch a move from an Indigenous director, or conduct your own personal research, we encourage you to learn more about Canada’s Indigenous peoples.
Photo: Jo Ann Smith (left) and Karen Smith (right). File image from 2019. | <urn:uuid:7a9233e9-545a-445f-b3c0-44a3df575f42> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cotr.bc.ca/blog/national-indigenous-peoples-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.951011 | 604 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Since its inception in 1969, Change magazine has been the bellwether of higher education. It has framed the key issues confronting the academy, attracted the best minds, and shaped the debate. In this important collection, Deborah DeZure and a panel of contributing editors have selected landmark articles on teaching and learning in higher education published in Change from its launch to the present. Through the articles and incisive commentaries we follow the controversies, witness the reception of innovations, and trace the threads of continuity of the past thirty years. What emerges is both an indispensable set of perspectives and a rich resource of models and ideas. The book spans a period that began in the turmoil of student unrest in the '60s, and concludes at the close of 1999 with higher education grappling with the issues of purpose, accountability, technology and changing demographics. What is striking about these articles is the vitality and relevance of the voices from the past. They offer valuable insights and inspiration as we plan for the future, and consider how to foster effective teaching and learning environments. Organized by topic, the articles in each section are introduced by a recognized authority in the field. Deborah DeZure's Introduction and Conclusion offer both the context and an analysis of trends. Learning from Change constitutes both fascinating reading and an important compass for administrators in higher education, directors of faculty development, and deans, department chairs and faculty engaged in leadership roles in the academy. It is an invaluable introduction and survey for anyone who wants to familiarize him or herself with the issues and trends.In this important collection, Deborah DeZure and a panel of contributing editors have selected landmark articles on teaching and learning in higher education published in Change from its launch to the present.
|Title||:||Learning from Change|
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Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuels are causing catastrophic climate change, and threaten to destroy all human life on our planet. Simply, climate change is the single greatest threat facing our species since our emergence as a species a half million years ago. It is a bigger threat than the biggest of our world wars. It is more terrifying than the worst of our Cold War nuclear nightmares. Writes Dennis Redmond.
Business as usual is over.
This is the central message of the 2018 climate youth strike, the biggest coordinated youth protest in human history. It is the message of the Fridays for the Future student strike wave inspired by Greta Thunberg, and the massive protests inspired by Bill McKibben’s 350.org and Extinction Rebellion. It is the message of Canada’s indigenous peoples fighting against planet-killing tar sands projects, as well as the citizens protesting against coal mining in Queensland, Australia.
Above all, it is the message of the scientists of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the scientific body charged by the members of the United Nations to analyze the effects of climate change.
In November 2018, the scientists of the IPCC issued a report which will go down in history as one of the turning-points of our species. The report has hundreds of pages and thousands of scientific references, but its message couldn’t be simpler.
Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuels are causing catastrophic climate change, and threaten to destroy all human life on our planet. Simply, climate change is the single greatest threat facing our species since our emergence as a species a half million years ago. It is a bigger threat than the biggest of our world wars. It is more terrifying than the worst of our Cold War nuclear nightmares.
That’s why most of the IPCC report doesn’t waste our time painting scenarios of global doom. Instead, it gives us a blueprint for global action.
We have eleven years to decarbonize our economies and societies. That means the planet must cut its CO2 emissions in half by 2030, and reduce total emissions to zero by 2050.
Either we get this done, or we are done as a species.
So how do we get there?
The first step is to identify the largest sources of CO2 emissions in the world. The second step is to identify the industries generating those emissions. The third step is to mobilize communities to change those industries, by building a green energy commons for all.
According to data from the Global Carbon Atlas, total world emissions of CO2 in 2017 reached 36,153 MtCO2, the scientific name for millions of metric tons of carbon dioxide. We have to cut that down to 18,077 MtCO2 by 2030, and then to zero by 2050.
Here are the four largest types of emissions, and the industries generating them:
Table 1. Largest sources of world CO2 emissions in 2017.
Coal is used primarily for power generation. Since it is the largest single source of emissions — about two-fifths of the total — we will have to build massive amounts of solar, wind and storage capacity in every country on earth, while shutting down every single coal plant.
We can afford to do this, because renewable energy follows the logic of the information revolution, in the sense that it constantly gets cheaper over time. In 2019, the long-term cost per kilowatt-hour of building and running a solar power plant in tropical countries with lots of sunshine fell below the long-term cost of building and running a coal plant, a concept called grid parity. From now on, it is less expensive to build and operate solar plants in the tropical regions than to build coal plants, and of course the price of solar will continue to fall for decades to come.
It is true that low-income and middle-income nations like India and China still depend on coal for most of their electricity. That’s why the IPCC report argues that in the interest of planetary fairness, coal plants ought to be closed first in the high-income nations responsible for about two-thirds of all CO2 emissions since 1750, and only later by the less wealthy nations who were least responsible for past emissions. Greenpeace has a chart of what such a phased shutdown might look like:
[Graphic courtesy of Greenpeace: https://endcoal.org/2018/10/new-ipcc-report-calls-for-steep-reductions-in-coal/]
The only problem with this chart is that it is not ambitious enough. Coal is not just the world’s worst planet-killer, it devastates the landscapes it is mined from, it poisons and kills the miners who dig it up, and it generates toxic air pollution which kills millions of people (especially in China and India) when it is burned.
Given that solar is now cheaper, it is sheer financial insanity to build a single new coal plant in any tropical country. In fact, the combination of solar plus storage is uniquely suited to bring affordable electricity to rural communities far from urban centers, something especially important for the majority rural nations of South Asia and Africa. In Bangladesh, villagers are beginning to construct their own solar microgrids, while rural households in Kenya are switching from expensive and dangerous kerosene lamps to cheaper and safer solar lamps. Solar can also power the pharmacies, hospitals and schools rural communities urgently need.
For this and many other reasons, the citizens of planet Earth need to put their foot down and stop all new coal mines and coal plants. This includes the coal plants financed by China’s belt-and-road initiative (BRI), a state program designed to encourage Chinese companies to finance infrastructure spending outside of China. While China invests heavily in electric autos and solar energy, its corporations are among the world’s biggest carbon polluters. Just recently, climate change protests convinced the largest banks of China and many other nations to sign on to the Green Finance Leadership Program, mandating low-carbon and zero-carbon investment in future BRI projects — but much more needs to be done.
The second largest source of CO2 emissions is oil, which is used primarily for transportation. The planet burns about 100 billion barrels of oil every day, three-quarters of which is consumed by autos and trucks. Another 12% is consumed by aviation, and 2.2% by maritime shipping.
The first priority is to replace the 1.4 billion gas-powered vehicles on the planet’s roads with battery-powered EVs (electric vehicles), energized by renewable solar and wind. This is achievable because the main cost of an EV is its battery, and batteries get cheaper every year, just like solar. Analyst group Bloomberg New Energy Finance noted that the average cost of auto batteries fell from $1,160/kWh in 2010 down to $176/kWh in 2018, and will continue to fall in the future.
Collapsing battery costs are the secret behind the explosive growth of highly-regarded EV makers like US-based Tesla and China-based BYD, makers of some of the most popular emission-free autos and emission-free electric buses in the world. In fact, world sales of EVs skyrocketed from almost nothing in 2010 to 2.1 million in 2018:
This is progress, but those 2.1 million EVs are still only 2% of worldwide auto sales of 90 million. To cut CO2 emissions from oil in half by 2030, we need to do much more. Every village, town, city, federal state and nation-state on Earth needs to invest heavily in zero-carbon mass transit systems, a.k.a. green mobility for all.
That means integrated and affordable networks of electric subways, electric buses, electric taxis, electric rickshaws and electric bicycles. As early as 2022, we will also have to start building networks of electric aviation (eVTOLs and electrified planes) and electric maritime shipping.1
Replacing gas-burning cars with EVs will also remove vast amounts of toxic air pollution from the world’s cities. Unlike lead-acid batteries, which are lethal to human beings, lithium batteries are non-toxic and can be easily recycled to make new batteries.
It is especially important to electrify urban commuter buses because they serve large numbers of passengers, are constantly on the road, generate significant pollution, and burn large amounts of oil. In 2017, the Chinese city of Shenzhen led the way by switching its entire bus fleet to electric, and now Paris and New Delhi are following suit.
Of course, producing EVs still requires enormous amounts of metal, glass, tires and other materials which despoil the environment. For that reason, it will be important to move away from the current of model of universal car ownership, and towards a society of shared mobility for all.
The third largest source of CO2 emissions is natural gas. Worldwide, about a quarter of all natural gas is used for electricity generation, and can be replaced by solar, wind and storage just like coal. This is beginning to happen in places like Oxnard, California, where a community campaign convinced the local utility company to build a zero-carbon battery storage system, instead of a carbon-emitting natural gas plant.
Another quarter of all natural gas is used for commercial and residential heating and cooling. Moving to zero-carbon buildings will require retrofitting buildings with electric heating and cooling systems, heat pumps, and ultra-efficient refrigeration and air-conditioning technology. The remaining half of all natural gas is used for a variety of industrial purposes, which will require a similar combination of retrofitting and electrification.
The good news is that citizens around the world are beginning demand zero-carbon buildings and industries, by changing building codes and investing in electric mass transit. In just the month of April, New York City and Los Angeles issued their own versions of city-specific versions of a Green New Deal. Corporations are also beginning to respond to rising public pressure, as the number of Fortune 500 companies with an explicit goal to use 100% renewable energy rose from 23 in January 2017 to 53 in February 2019.
The fourth and final source of CO2 is from cement production, which nominally comprises 4.1% of all emissions. However, this number is misleading, because it counts only the CO2 released during the initial conversion of limestone, the main raw material of Portland cement. The production process also requires large amounts of power from fossil fuels, especially coal, which means cement is ultimately responsible for 7% of the world’s CO2 emissions.
Most cement-related emissions are due to the accelerated urbanization of most Asian and African nations, which has triggered an immense construction boom throughout the industrializing world. In 2017, China accounted for 679 MtCO2 or half of all cement-related emissions, while the nations of South Asia and Africa accounted for another 129.7 MtCO2 and 78 MtCO2, respectively (by contrast, the heavily urbanized nations of the European Union generated only 71.8 MtCO2).
The solution is a combination of electrification and a switch to low-carbon forms of cement over the short term, and zero-carbon cement over the long run. Promising experimental versions of zero-carbon exist and are being used in construction projects, but do require additional research and development to become widespread.
In summary, we need to (1) build massive amounts of solar, wind and storage capacity, (2) shut down all of our coal plants and eventually all the natural gas plants, (3) replace 1.4 billion gas-burning vehicles with EVs and electric mass transit, (4) retrofit our buildings to be zero-carbon, and (5) switch to zero-carbon cement.2 In short, we need a program of green energy, green mobility, and green infrastructure for all.
This requires a mobilization of public resources on a scale comparable to the military spending of WW II, or to the military-industrial expenditures of the Cold War. Every single gas station must have its own electric chargers for EVs, every neighborhood must have its own electric taxi, electric bus and electric rickshaw stands, every apartment block must have its own solar heating or PV system, and every government office and commercial building must have its own zero-carbon roadmap. This could look like the Green New Deal outlined by US Congressional representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Edward Markey for the United States. It could also look like Yanis Varoufakis and DiEM25’s admirable program of a Green New Deal for Europe.
Above all, this mobilization will require a massive and sustained political campaign against the corporations whose business model is literally destroying the planet — the oil, gas, coal and cement industries, the gas-powered automobile industry, and extractive mining industries. While many of these corporations are American and European, some of the largest and most powerful of them are Brazilian, Chinese, Russian, Indian, Indonesian, Mexican, Saudi Arabian, South African and Turkish. Regardless of their nationality, they wreak the same destruction everywhere, and we citizens of the world have to unite to stop them.
The era of business as usual is over.
The epoch of struggle has begun.
- For aircraft, Airbus and Uber plan to roll out commercial services of electric air taxis or eVTOLs (electric aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing) by 2022. These eVTOLs are simply bigger versions of the battery-powered drones already used as mobile cameras by hobbyists and Youtubers. However, improved battery technology will be needed to create medium-haul electric aircraft comparable to the Boeing 737 or Airbus 320. The electrification of maritime shipping will require a similar phased transition. Small ships can be powered by today’s batteries, but improved models need to be invented to power supertankers. However, the UNCTAD estimates 29% of the world’s maritime fleet, as measured by dead-weight tonnage, consisted of oil tankers in 2017. Switching away from oil to electricity will allow most of these tankers to be converted to other uses, significantly reducing the overall CO2 emissions of shipping.
- Over the long-term, we will also need to invent new technologies of carbon sequestration in order to recapture the CO2 already in the atmosphere, but the priority should be on reducing our emissions here and now.
Cover Image courtesy : Alamy stock photo | <urn:uuid:26b5cb59-5193-45f2-9013-f6cdfd045db6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.groundxero.in/2019/05/12/extinction-rebellion-the-green-energy-commons-versus-carbon-extinction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.941053 | 2,978 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Nov 30, 2016 ... Match each economic activity with one of its purposes. Economics - Financial
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Your occasional correspondent made a special trip to Tel Aviv (I live out in the sticks in Israel) to the Systematics (http://www.systematics.co.il/English/about.html) hosted the Tel Aviv Solidworks 2010 Show. This is the one show I try to go to every year to keep up with the tools of the industrial design field. I went with a design teacher whose (30 year ago!) student gratifyingly won an award for a totally automated cable making line (a model of impressive detail, down to the fastener level, in the modeling competition)
For those unfamiliar with CAD (computer aided design) Solidworks is a leading solid modeling program. It features parametric design, which essentially gives priority to relations between features and the constraints binding them. By defining more and more qualities, the design becomes more constrained—and more detailed. (Not just a representation like a picture taken from one angle only, but a solid model of the piece part being worked on is built up in the program’s internal modelspace. Views are then generated or rendered from this for the user to see.) A comparable program is Autodesk Inventor.
The reason CAD is important to the future is that the ability to store manufacturing capability through detailed plans that can drive CAM (computer aided manufacturing) devices can be a big part of what Brian Wang has labeled the ‘Mundane Singularity’—changes that trigger cascading economic growth, doing more with less, improving economic outputs from the same inputs. In a phrase: Exponential productivity.
Those who remember seeing industrial films with about an acre of white shirted, narrow tied engineers and draftsmen drawing some of the 50 tons of blueprints it took to make a major weapons system may be surprised to learn how much is possible in house with a team of two or three people nowadays.
Someone with a big software and small hardware budget today (say the cost of a secretary for a year) can do tests on virtual prototypes, design validation tools; do motion studies, including realistic moving of links and couplings, virtual drop tests, iterative design optmization, fatigue, shape, seismic tests. fluid-flow simulation and thermal analysis (“Finite Element Analysis”) routing of wire buses and packages throughout and between major assemblies, (“Piping, Tubing, plus Wiring and Harness layout”) and considerable pre-modeled parts available for use.
“SolidWorks Toolbox is a library of predefined fasteners, gears, cams, pins and other accessories, based on information found in Machinery's Handbook.”
Other libraries are made by other vendors, but the rule is, if you don’t have to draw it, it saves time (and presumably since the model is from the vendor, always right). Carried to an extreme, in the future, for some designs one need only assemble, not draw, at least in theory…
Jeff Ray, CEO of Solidworks (http://www.solidworks.com/) which more formally is Dassault Systèmes SolidWorks Corp, gave an entertaining talk during the show about the future of CAD in 2019. (Note that many of these features are described in my terms below owing to the darkness of the hall and the pace of the talk…)
· Touchscreen interface
· lossless data management
· seamless movement of data between mesh/nurbs (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NURBS -- Non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) is a mathematical model commonly used in computer graphics ) environment simulation in essence, surfaces vs solid modeling.
· Model mimics VR in many cases
· Cool range of data appliances, all wireless to move and design on—PDA/thin flatbook/and 30 inch virtual desktop (all including virtual keyboard)
Developments along ease of use lines from Solidworks Labs
Primitive beginnings: 1982 MIT CAD system --Computer Aided Design Laboratory in 1982, Department of Mechanical Engineering at MIT. Notice the monochrome screen. Yet this was future cool at the time.
A previous article by Jeff Ray about the future of CAD
· Latest and greatest tools in real time. (Seamless upgrades)
· Workflows, special techniques and master workarounds, particular to CAD software, but not to engineering 'CAD overhead' will disappear
· Every operation on every part or assembly will be automatically recorded, saved and preserved.
· Access a design from any place, from any device, at any time and do what you need to do with it
· Simulation will become one and the same as design. As you create products, CAD will run FEA, (Finite element analysis—stress testing) cost analysis, manufacturability testing, motion simulations and more.
· Large assemblies open, photorealistic images render and simulations complete in realtime as perceived by humans..."
Key predictions are similar to those in Microsoft's future vision on manufacturing---
touch pads/tables/surfaces everywhere, all wireless, all seamless, e-paper able to take sketch scans and transfer it to any device, (amazingly cleaned up, a cynic might note, into a 3D model that today would take a number of minutes to make at best, albeit in ‘sketchy’ lineforms…)
The number of licenses Solidworks has out there is over a million, of which the majority are educational, a large minority industrial.
I took a moment to meet and thank Mr. Ray after his presentation, and offered this suggestion: Make a special non-time limited version of Solidworks to generate part geometry, and allow it to save in Google Sketchup format. Forget all the features that would tempt people to try to game the system, and just allow part creation and assembly. It shouldn’t even print, or save in Solidworks format—just Sketchup.
Why? The vast user base of Sketchup— most of which are not Solidworks users, many of which are student age.
It’s hard to beat free as a cost (google sketchup)
(There is a premium version of Sketchup available, but with a comparatively tiny user base)
The vast 3d Warehouse Library
Now also parts catalogs within—over 100 million parts
"SketchUp users are now just a mouse click away from more than 100 millions of standard parts coming from leading suppliers: Asco Joucomatic Numatics, Assfalg, Atlanta, Bosch Rexroth, Boutet, Burster, Cepex, Chambrelan, Contrinex, CSR, Dirak, Drumag, Elitec, ENOMAX, Enzfelder, Euchner, Expert, Festo, Ganter, Genustech, Gerwah, GMT, Halder, Hervieu, HP Systems, Hydropa, IFM, Igus, INA/FAG, Item, ITV, Kabelschlepp, Kinetic, Legrand, Legris, L'Etoile, Mädler, Mayr, Mecalectro, Misumi, Norelem, Norgren, Normydro, Nozag, Pinet, Progressus, Quiri, Rabourdin, Rodriguez, Rohde, Römheld, Rötelmann, Rud, Sapelem, Schmalz, Schmersal, Siam-Ringspann, Sick, SNR, Socafluid, Somex, Stauffenberg, Ströter, Stüwe, Suhner, Sumer, Telemecanique, Trelleborg, Wefapress, Winkel, Zimm and more."
The idea is that students need to practice for the many hours it will take to learn construction and assembly of subcomponents into models—but this way they could be training for jobs in industry using Solidworks –at least being far more employable to manufacturers than a novice because they would be able to cut their on the job training down to the advanced commands.
Issues with the way Sketchup handles data—again, surfaces vs. modeling
In user interface lingo, SketchUp is much more "modal" than DesignWorkshop. The SketchUp user has to put the software into the correct state, by selecting the specific right tool, in order to perform any task. SketchUp provides some nifty enhancements to the classic surface modeling operations, such as connecting faces so at times they move and stretch together. But with the surface-based approach, SketchUp is playing catch up to what's almost automatic in the direct manipulation of solids.
Google SketchUp 7 wants to shape you into a 3D artist
Aside from drawing, you can also access Google's 3D warehouse, which allows you to search for 3D models while in the software and place them into your creation. The sheer number of models is impressive. You can choose from people to buildings to cities to just about anything. I searched for a dog to place in my model and the 3D warehouse returned almost 2,000 results. Simply put, you'll be able to find almost any object without much trouble… SketchUp 7 does ensure that it's easy to take and attribute credit for important creations by acknowledging the designer when the models are shared. For simple dog designs, that probably won't matter much. But for professionals creating 3D models to show to clients or to show off their ability, the credit feature becomes an important part of using the product, especially as the 3D Warehouse grows.
The incentive to tempt students into learning Solidworks would be being able to get a reputation as a great modeler for the Google 3D Warehouse. It would be something cited on the kid’s resume. It would be an on line portfolio that could get a kid hired.
The reason for Solidworks to port their student version to a free version that could not print but only save to Sketchup file format would be to increase their market share of future modelers WITHOUT cannibalizing their future sales—i.e. real corporate Solidworks users would not want to mess with file conversions of uncertain thoroughness and accuracy, and could not print or share their work as Solidworks files.
Now it is an open secret that a lot of software companies turn their gaze away from a certain amount of copying of their (expensive) product by students. It increases market share probably, and the base of future paying users, some say. My own reaction is that this posture teaches kids to be sneaks.
In The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor, by David S. Landes. Boston: Little Brown, $55.95.
Landes gives the quotable prescription for prosperity on a micro as well as macro scale; “work, thrift, honesty, patience, tenacity.” Doing a good design on computer, as does programming inculcates all those qualities—except possibly honesty, if the price of admission is an illicit copy. Thus my suggestion.
It would be far better not to tempt people to make illegal copies to help students out. One way around this dilemma would be the solution outlined above: A free version of Solidworks but which cannot print or save but for Sketchup format.
Those who have spoken to me know my economic predictions for the current crisis, which may be briefly expressed as (for many but not all countries): Seven bad years. In times to come, kids will need as many ways to build their salable skills as possible, and cheap and universal CAD access that builds their reputation at the same time as enriching the world’s library of open source design seems a win-win solution.
Seven bad years for everyone? No, not for everyone. Those who produce a real product or service that cannot be done without—both those conditions apply—have a good chance to make it.
A real product or service—that CAN be done without-- is not enough. See the Baltic Dry Shipping Index for details.
Revealed the Ghost Fleet Recession from the Daily Mail
Design work—and the time used to generate it—can be like a craftsman making goods for the shelf during a dull market, to sell in a better one. It is a way—an imperfect way—to store time while building value—your own skills—and wealth—the open source library of designs.
During the Depression, many people waited for the world to improve by designing elements of a better world during their idle time. Many of those designs and inventions found good use in the War and post-war eras. It’s not a great solution. But it beats moaning about what can’t be changed—while preparing for what can be implemented later. Sometimes a rollout delay leads to a better product. Let’s make it so in the future we hope to build together.
A Video of Jeff Ray from Sept 2008 Where He Also Talks About Future CAD | <urn:uuid:640504b9-a5d7-453d-aec2-ce47b99875f8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.nextbigfuture.com/2009/10/future-of-cad-2019-as-predicted-by.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00086-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931784 | 2,689 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Case Report | Open Access
Takeshi Kokubu, Issei Nagura, Yutaka Mifune, Masahiro Kurosaka, "Arthroscopic Bony Bankart Repair Using Double-Threaded Headless Screw: A Case Report", Case Reports in Orthopedics, vol. 2012, Article ID 789418, 4 pages, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/789418
Arthroscopic Bony Bankart Repair Using Double-Threaded Headless Screw: A Case Report
We present a case of arthroscopic fixation for bony Bankart lesion using a double-threaded cannulated screw. A 39-year-old man sustained a left shoulder injury from a motorcycle accident. Radiographs showed bony Bankart lesion and CT revealed 40% defect of glenoid articular surface. Arthroscopic fixation was performed using double-threaded cannulated screw after the bony fragment was reduced by suturing the labrum at the edge with a suture anchor. Arthroscopic bony Bankart repair using double-threaded cannulated screw fixation is effective because compression force could be applied between bony fragments and the screw head is not exposed in the glenohumeral joint.
Bankart lesions caused by traumatic glenohumeral dislocation are the avulsed capsulolabral structure to the glenoid rim . Glenoid rim fractures which are often associated with Bankart lesions are called bony Bankart lesions and have the potential to result in persistent glenohumeral joint instability if the fragment is displaced or collapsed [2, 3]. Griffith et al. described that bony Bankart lesions were present in 16% of first shoulder dislocations and 23% of recurrent dislocations . A bony defect with a width that is at least 21% of the glenoid length causes instability and limits the range of motion of the shoulder after Bankart repair of the capsulolabral structure .
Therefore, larger bony fragments should be treated by anatomical reduction and internal fixation. Several procedures have been reported to treat bony Bankart lesions by arthroscopic techniques [2, 6–11]. We present an arthroscopic bony Bankart repair using a double-threaded headless screw, which can achieve firm compression between the bony fragment and the glenoid.
2. Case Presentation
A 39-year-old man sustained a left shoulder injury from a motorcycle accident. He perceived a severe pain and deformity on his left shoulder immediately after the injury, however, this symptom decreased after a spontaneous reduction while lifting his left arm.
Plain radiographs in AP view showed a bony fragment at the inferior part of the glenoid. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a bony Bankart lesion at the anteroinferior part of glenoid articular surface (Figure 1(a)). Size of the bony fragment was 17 mm × 27 mm and its width was 41% of the glenoid length on the 3-dimensional CT (3D CT) evaluation (Figure 1(b)). We, therefore, decided to perform arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation of bony Bankart lesion using double-threaded headless screw.
The patient was placed in the beach-chair position under general anesthesia. Manual examination of his left shoulder confirmed full ROM and marked anteroinferior instability which caused a dislocation of the shoulder joint. Contralateral right shoulder showed no instability, which indicated the left shoulder instability caused by a traumatic injury. Arthroscope was introduced to the glenohumeral joint through the posterior portal. The displaced large bony fragment was found medially at the anteroinferior fracture rim of the glenoid. The capsulolabral structure was ruptured at the superior edge (9 o’clock) of the fragment. However, the labrum was attached to the fragment without avulsion and the cartilage surface at the inferior edge (6 o’clock) of the fragment continued to the glenoid rim. The bony fragment could be easily reduced drawing up by grasper through the anterior portal (Figure 2(a)) and the ruptured capsulolabrum at the superior part was repaired with conventional suture anchor technique. Thereafter, arthroscopic internal fixation using Double-threaded Japan (DTJ) screw (Meira, Japan) was performed. An anteroinferior portal was newly created at 7 o’clock through the subscapuralis muscle. A 1.2 mm guide wire was inserted to the bony fragment using a cannula and the bony Bankart lesion was fixed by 24 mm DTJ screw after confirmation of flat reduction at the articular surface (Figure 2(b)). The length of the screw was measured by CT imaging before the surgery.
The patient’s extremity was placed in a sling after surgery. Passive ROM exercise was allowed at postoperative 3 weeks, and active exercise was begun at 5 weeks after surgery. The patient had no apprehension and restriction of ROM at one year after surgery. CT showed union of the bony Bankart fragment, however, the screw end appeared to protrude intraarticular space (Figure 3). Since there was a possibility of screw impingement to the humeral head, a second-look arthroscopy was carried out. It revealed the smooth articular surface at the bony Bankart lesion, and the screw end could not be found as placed under the articular cartilage (Figure 4). However, there was a possibility that a prominent ridge of the screw head might be beneath the articular surface, therefore, the screw was removed.
Bony Bankart lesions have been generally treated by open reduction and internal fixation [2, 12]. Recently, arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation of bony fragment using cancellous screws [6, 11] or suture anchors [7, 8, 10] has resulted in successful outcomes in terms of the recurrence rate and function in shoulders. The cancellous screw fixation provides a firm compression between the fragment and glenoid, however, the screw head is exposed intraarticular space which might impinge the humeral head in the [9, 10]. The conventional suture anchor repair does not provide compression of the fractured fragment, and the bony piece may tilt because of the single point fixation To increase the contact area between the fragment and the glenoid, penetrating the fragment to pass a suture or fixing the fragment with dual row technique has been introduced [7, 8], however, these methods are technically difficult. We choose DTJ screw, which is cannulated and headless, for arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation for the case in which fragment is larger than 10 mm in width, and this method enables to reduce the bony fragment easily and provides sufficient compression to the fracture site. Sano et al. reported an arthroscopic treatment of an anterior glenoid fracture using the DTJ screw with suture anchors resulting in the good clinical result.
DTJ screw was modified from an original Herbert screw for scaphoid fractures, which is cannulated and can be used as thick as 1.2 mm guide wire . This screw is headless and self-drilling which needs no removal of the screw if the screw is placed under the articular cartilaginous surface. A second-look arthroscopy of this case at postoperative 1 year revealed the healed smooth articular surface at the bony Bankart lesion although the screw end appeared to protrude over the articular cartilage on CT scan. The DTJ screw should be carefully placed deeply enough under the articular surface.
Arthroscopic bony Bankart repair using double-threaded cannulated screw fixation is effective because compression force could be applied between bony fragments and the screw head is not exposed in the glenohumeral joint. Reduction and internal fixation using DTJ screw in large bony Bankart lesion ensure an anatomical articular surface healing and an excellent functional outcome.
Consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this report and accompanying image.
The authors thank Ms. Janina Tubby for writing assistance.
- A. S. Bankart and M. C. Cantab, “Recurrent or habitual dislocation of the shoulder-joint,” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, no. 291, pp. 3–6, 1993.
- S. J. Kim, T. W. Kim, H. K. Moon, and W. H. Chang, “A combined transglenoid and suture anchor technique for bony Bankart lesions,” Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 1443–1446, 2009.
- S. J. Cooke, I. Starks, and V. Kathuria, “The results of arthroscopic anterior stabilization of the shoulder using the bioknotless anchor system,” Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy & Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 2, 20089.
- J. F. Griffith, G. E. Antonio, P. S. H. Yung et al., “Prevalence, pattern, and spectrum of glenoid bone loss in anterior shoulder dislocation: CT analysis of 218 patients,” American Journal of Roentgenology, vol. 190, no. 5, pp. 1247–1254, 2008.
- E. Itoi, S. B. Lee, L. J. Berglund, L. L. Berge, and K. N. An, “The effect of a glenoid defect on anteroinferior stability of the shoulder after Bankart repair: a cadaveric study,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Series A, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 35–46, 2000.
- S. E. Cameron, “Arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation of an anterior glenoid fracture,” Arthroscopy, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 743–746, 1998.
- K. C. Kim, K. J. Rhee, and H. D. Shin, “Arthroscopic three-point double-row repair for acute bony Bankart lesions,” Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 102–106, 2009.
- P. J. Millett and S. Braun, “The “Bony Bankart Bridge” procedure: a new arthroscopic technique for reduction and internal fixation of a Bony Bankart Lesion,” Arthroscopy, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 102–105, 2009.
- T. Sano, H. Matsuoka, and K. Nakayama, “Arthroscopic treatment of an anterior glenoid fracture with a cannulated, headless screw and suture anchors: a case report,” Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 539–541, 2009.
- H. Sugaya, J. Moriishi, I. Kanisawa, and A. Tsuchiya, “Arthroscopic osseous Bankart repair for chronic recurrent traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Series A, vol. 87, no. 8, pp. 1752–1760, 2005.
- M. Tauber, M. Moursy, M. Eppel, H. Koller, and H. Resch, “Arthroscopic screw fixation of large anterior glenoid fractures,” Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 326–332, 2008.
- T. P. Goss and B. D. Owens, “Fracture of the scapula: diagnosis and treatment,” in Disorders of the Shoulder: Diagnosis and Treatment, J. P. Iannotti and G. R. Williams, Eds., pp. 800–820, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 2nd edition, 2007.
- H. Fujioka, J. Tanaka, and M. Tomatsuri, “Scaphoid non-union after simultaneous fractures of the scaphoid and the capitate in a child: a case report,” Hand Surgery, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 151–152, 2006.
Copyright © 2012 Takeshi Kokubu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | <urn:uuid:47a1ef67-bad2-45a9-adcf-710a41217ea4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crior/2012/789418/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.888283 | 2,799 | 1.789063 | 2 |
East Timor Action Network
April 6, 2005
On the sixth anniversary of the massacres at the Catholic Church in Liquica, East Timor, the East Timor Action Network (ETAN) urged the international community to heed East Timorese cries for justice. "The international community must keep its commitment to the victims of this and other horrific crimes committed in East Timor," said John M. Miller, spokesperson for ETAN. "We must continue to pursue accountability for crimes against humanity, war crimes and genocide committed during Indonesia's illegal occupation of East Timor between 1975 and 1999."
The anniversary comes as the UN Commission of Experts (COE) is visiting now independent East Timor to evaluate existing judicial processes and propose next steps to hold accountable those responsible for serious crimes in East Timor in 1999. The Commission is to evaluate temporary courts set up in both Indonesia and East Timor to try serious crimes committed in East Timor 1999, neither of which has been able to hold any higher-level perpetrators accountable. The government of Indonesia is refusing to allow the COE to enter Indonesia.
"We urge the COE to listen carefully to the victims and explore all possibilities, including an international criminal tribunal. In February 2000, UN Secretary-General stood in the Liquica church yard and called for 'justice to prevail over impunity.' The COE must find ways to fulfill that pledge," Miller said.
"The UN must not tolerate a double standard of justice, where only low-level East Timorese militia members are convicted and their Indonesian masters escape with impunity, going on to organize similar crimes in Aceh, West Papua and elsewhere," he added. Several Indonesian officers accused of failing to prevent the Liquica massacre were tried in Jakarta but acquitted. Only one East Timorese has been convicted in East Timor's Special Panels court for his involvement in the massacre; many other Indonesians and East Timorese indicted for this massacre and other crimes remain free in Indonesia.
"Indonesia and East Timor recently established a Commission of Truth and Friendship, which is intended to preempt the work of the Commission of Experts and block any effective steps toward accountability and justice. The truth of what happened in 1999 is well-established: Indonesian officials - working with militia they created, funded and directed - committed heinous crimes, including more than a thousand murders, in a systematic campaign to terrorize and destroy East Timor. The organizers and perpetrators of the violence are well-known," said Miller.
On April 6, 1999, hundreds of East Timorese and Indonesian militia, soldiers and police attacked several thousand refugees sheltering in the Catholic church in Liquica, after slaughtering several civilians nearby the day before. According to an unpublished report commissioned by the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the attack left up to 60 people dead, although the precise death toll is still unknown. The refugees had sought shelter in the churchyard from earlier militia attacks.
According to the report, "The systematic disposal of corpses... [t]ogether with the substantial evidence of TNI [Indonesian military] and Police involvement in the massacre itself, the presence of key officials at the scene of the crime, and the responsibility of those officials for creating and coordinating the BMP [militia],... makes it a virtual certainty that the Liquica church massacre was planned by high-ranking TNI and civilian authorities."
All of the security officials tried in Indonesia's Ad Hoc Human Rights Court for their involvement in the massacre and other crimes were acquitted either at trial or on appeal, including police chief Timbul Silaen, regional military commander General Adam Damiri and East Timor military commander Tono Suratman.
In November 2001, the UN-funded Serious Crimes Unit indicted nine Indonesian officers and 12 local militia for the massacre. All are believed to be in Indonesia, and INTERPOL has issued arrest warrants for them. The massacre is also cited in a wide ranging indictment issued in 2003 accusing General Wiranto, former Indonesian defence minister, and other senior officials of crimes against humanity throughout East Timor in 1999. The SCU in Dili convicted and jailed one militia member, who had been indicted separately of three murders, including one during the massacre.
Last month, the governments of Indonesia and East Timor agreed to establish a Commission of Truth and Friendship (CTF). The Commission will include people from both countries and is to establish a "shared historical record" of the violations of human rights before and after East Timor's independence ballot in 1999, recommend amnesty for those who "cooperate fully," and propose people-to-people reconciliation efforts.
Indonesian and East Timorese NGOs and international human rights groups have strongly criticized the CTF, fearing that it will institutionalize impunity and is not capable of identifying perpetrators. The NGOs charged that the two governments have "disregarded demands for justice made by victims of serious human rights violations that occurred in East Timor in 1999" and called the CTF's terms of reference "appalling."
Indonesia invaded East Timor in 1975 and brutally occupied the territory until October 1999. The international community never recognized Indonesia's claim, and approximately 200,000 East Timorese were killed as a result of the Indonesian occupation.
In 1999, Indonesia agreed to a UN-administered referendum on East Timor's political status. After the referendum, in which East Timorese people voted overwhelmingly for independence, Indonesian security forces and the militia they controlled laid waste to the territory, displacing three-quarters of the population, murdering approximately 1400 civilians, and destroying more than 75% of the buildings and infrastructure.
The Security Council established the Serious Crimes Unit in Dili to conduct investigations and prepare indictments to assist in bringing to justice those responsible for crimes against humanity and other serious crimes committed in East Timor in 1999. It also created hybrid Timorese-international Special Panel courts to try these cases. The SCU filed its final indictments late last year. Approximately 76% of the nearly 400 people indicted by the SCU are living free in Indonesia, which has refused to honor its promise to cooperate with the Serious Crimes process.
No judicial process has yet been established to investigate and prosecute those responsible for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity prior to 1999, when more than 99% of the deaths resulting from the Indonesian military occupation took place.
More Information on the Ad-Hoc Court for East Timor
More Information on East Timor | <urn:uuid:8781f6f4-c3e0-489b-8749-402b53002c1e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/163/29201.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722459.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00344-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956416 | 1,322 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Two California women anthropologists, both with the University of California, have won prestigious awards in their field.
Nancy Scheper-Hughes, associate professor of anthropology at UC Berkeley, has received the 1985 Sterling Award, the highest award of the year in the profession, for a paper in the field of psychological anthropology. It is presented by the American Anthropological Assn. and the Society for Psychological Anthropology.
Scheper-Hughes' paper, titled "Culture, Scarcity and Maternal Thinking: Maternal Detachment and Infant Survival in a Brazilian Shantytown," explored the issue of neglecting sick infants until they die, a tragic survival strategy for Brazilian mothers under the pressures of inadequate medical care and desperate poverty. She has also done field work on malnutrition in Alabama and schizophrenia in Ireland.
In 1981, Scheper-Hughes also received the first Margaret Mead Award, co-sponsored by the the Society for Applied Anthropology and the American Anthropological Assn. in memory of the noted late anthropologist.
Susan Scrimshaw, associate professor at the UCLA School of Public Health, has received the 1985 Margaret Mead Award, presented each year to a young anthropologist for work in anthropology that "interprets anthropological data and principles in ways that make them meaningful to a broadly concerned public."
"Margaret Mead taught me the importance of being willing to speak out and to try to translate anthropological insights for the public. She had a wonderful ability to relate to people," Scrimshaw said.
Scrimshaw, who is also associate professor of anthropology at UCLA and associate director of the UCLA Latin America Center, focuses in her work on cultural factors in health care delivery in the belief that "people's acceptance of public health measures depends on what they believe about health and illness."
Not only do men earn more doing men's work, they earn more doing women's work, according to Working Woman magazine's seventh annual salary survey of American professional and managerial workers.
The survey found that men who are secretaries make 33% more than women--an average of $20,123 to a woman secretary's $13,158. Male teachers make 18% more than women ($23,732 to $19,349) and male nurses make 8% more than women ($23,155 to $21,194).
Perhaps there is an advantage in being the rare person of one's sex in a field of work or perhaps the better educated or more talented and dedicated workers are the ones who defy the stereotypes and cross sex lines in careers, and thus earn higher pay. The survey found, for example, that some women who enter fields where women are very rare earned more than men. Women law professors, agricultural scientists and petroleum engineers were found to earn, on the average, more than men in their professions.
The survey, compiled with salary figures provided by leading business organizations, is conducted to track the progress of women workers. Among its other findings was that the primary method women are using to beat the wage gap (women earn an average of 64% of what men earn) is to enter fields previously dominated by men or to get out of the wage system altogether. Fully two-thirds of U.S. women entering the labor force are going into male job categories, and women are becoming entrepreneurs at twice the rate of men, the survey found. | <urn:uuid:29291bc9-1f81-4817-8789-b4c4a7f42f11> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articles.latimes.com/1986-01-12/news/vw-27449_1_women-anthropologists | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00180-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971033 | 681 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Mold and bake clay to create beautiful vases, pots, and bowls.
Tends automatic machine that forms disposable diapers: Threads rolls of woodpulp, plastic backing, and nonwoven fabric facing in specified sequence through guides of machine. Fills glue reservoir and fragrance receptacle, and loads diaper tape tabs into dispensing bins. Flips switch to start machine that automatically crushes woodpulp into fiber; sprays fiber to impart fragrance; applies glue to join layers of diapers into continuous strip; affixes tape tabs to strip at designated intervals; applies glue to shape form-fit diapers; cuts strip into individual diapers; and folds diapers in half for packing. Observes operation of machine and examines diapers to detect machine malfunctions. Turns knobs or screws to make minor adjustments to sections of machine, such as rollers, cutting blades, and folding device, using handtools. Notifies maintenance personnel when welding or parts replacement is required. | <urn:uuid:86267d01-8347-4fca-8a1f-7d5606b18be3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.insidejobs.com/careers/diaper-machine-tender | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00324-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.871341 | 194 | 1.921875 | 2 |
MARINDA JOHNSON HYDE
Johnson and her family were baptized into the church during the winter
of 1830, near Kirtland, Ohio. “The [following] fall”,
Marinda wrote, “Joseph came with his family to live at my father’s house.
He was at that time translating the Bible...” For the next year,
Joseph lived in the Johnson home.
In 1833, Marinda met
and was courted by Orson Hyde. A year later they would marry.
Within months of the marriage, Orson was called to be an Apostle of the
church, a calling which meant he would spend two of the next three and
one-half years in the Eastern States and England in missionary service.
Back home Marinda raised their two children. By June 1839 Marinda
and Orson had relocated to Nauvoo. A third child soon arrived.
On April 6, 1840, Orson
wrote, “I was appointed, in company with Elder John E. Page, to go on
a mission to Jerusalem”. A week later, Orson left for what would
be a three year mission. On October 24, 1841, Orson stood on the
Mount of Olives and consecrated Palestine for the gathering of Judah in
the last days.
While Orson was gone,
Marinda, “had to live in a little log house whose windows had no glass
but in place of which were pieces of greased paper...A little cornmeal
and a few groceries were all the provisions remaining to sustain her and
the little ones.”. Noting Marinda’s living conditions, Joseph
Smith received the following revelation dated December 2, 1841: “Verily
thus saith the Lord unto you my servant Joseph. that inasmuch as you have
called upon me to know my will concerning my handmaid Nancy Marinda Hyde
Behold it is my will that she should have a better place prepared for her
than that in which she now lives...and let my handmaid Nancy Marinda Hyde
hearken to the counsel of my servant Joseph in all things whatsoever he
shall teach unto her...”
Marinda soon moved
to a better home. In the Spring of 1842 she married Joseph.
In Joseph’s diary is a list of his marriages. It includes the entry:
42 Marinda Johnson to Joseph Smith.”. Eight months later,
in December, Orson returned from his mission. It is not clear when,
or if, Orson learned about his wife’s marriage to Joseph. However,
by March, Orson had learned about plural marriage himself and married two
After Joseph’s death
in 1844, Marinda and Orson continued to live in Nauvoo. In April
of 1846, shortly before leaving for Utah, Orson dedicated the Nauvoo temple.
Over the next 20 years, Marinda would bear 7 more children. Orson would
continue to serve missions and marry seven additional wives. In 1870
Marinda and Orson divorced.
later wrote of her caring and thoughtful demeanor: “She was so loving
and sympathetic with...all... She was a lovely creature, dignified and...took
a keen interest in life and people”. | <urn:uuid:45c4b009-6fe0-4f4f-9117-9a32c97dc48b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.wivesofjosephsmith.org/11-MarindaJohnsonHyde.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00468-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974658 | 710 | 2.46875 | 2 |
9 in 1
- App Store Info
Description9 simple games in one makes you had a fun a lot.
There are Simple,using your head and like a testing the reflexes.
It is suitable for both kids and adults.
Let's play all and have a enjoy!!
It is an open-and-shut game.
Two player is better than one player becaunse CPU sometimes makes bored.
The meaning of "鮪" is the Tuna.
Find the [ 鮪 ] from the 9 Kanji that has "魚" on the left.
Touch and remember the sequence of pictures will appear one by one.
It is swelling pictures you have to remember.
Touch the picture displayed one after another.
Pictures are displayed 30 times.
=Spot the difference=
There is only one picture that left and right reversed in 9 pictures.
Touch 9 buttons 10 times each ASAP.
The picture touched switchs places with the picture of center.
Find the same picture before touched. However one picture will be left.
The 5 numbers is displayed then do math in your head and type its answer.
After finish all, your answer can be checked by shaking the iPhone. | <urn:uuid:55bfaa91-587a-4a0c-8cfa-89e4d4151963> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.appspy.com/app/226008/9-in-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00011-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914462 | 255 | 2 | 2 |
The axis mundi (also cosmic axis, world axis, world pillar, center of the world, world tree), in certain beliefs and philosophies, is the world center, or the connection between Heaven and Earth. As the celestial pole and geographic pole, it expresses a point of connection between sky and earth where the four compass directions meet. At this point travel and correspondence is made between higher and lower realms. Communication from lower realms may ascend to higher ones and blessings from higher realms may descend to lower ones and be disseminated to all. The spot functions as the omphalos (navel), the world's point of beginning.
The image is mostly viewed as feminine, as it relates to the center of the earth (perhaps like an umbilical providing nourishment). It may have the form of a natural object (a mountain, a tree, a vine, a stalk, a column of smoke or fire) or a product of human manufacture (a staff, a tower, a ladder, a staircase, a maypole, a cross, a steeple, a rope, a totem pole, a pillar, a spire). Its proximity to heaven may carry implications that are chiefly religious (pagoda, temple mount, minaret, church) or secular (obelisk, lighthouse, rocket, skyscraper). The image appears in religious and secular contexts. The axis mundi symbol may be found in cultures utilizing shamanic practices or animist belief systems, in major world religions, and in technologically advanced "urban centers". In Mircea Eliade's opinion, "Every Microcosm, every inhabited region, has a Centre; that is to say, a place that is sacred above all." The axis mundi is often associated with mandalas.
The symbol originates in a natural and universal psychological perception: that the spot one occupies stands at "the center of the world". This space serves as a microcosm of order because it is known and settled. Outside the boundaries of the microcosm lie foreign realms that, because they are unfamiliar or not ordered, represent chaos, death or night. From the center one may still venture in any of the four cardinal directions, make discoveries, and establish new centers as new realms become known and settled. The name of China, meaning "Middle Nation" (中国 pinyin: Zhōngguó), is often interpreted as an expression of an ancient perception that the Chinese polity (or group of polities) occupied the center of the world, with other lands lying in various directions relative to it.
Within the central known universe a specific locale-often a mountain or other elevated place, a spot where earth and sky come closest gains status as center of the center, the axis mundi. High mountains are typically regarded as sacred by peoples living near them. Shrines are often erected at the summit or base. Mount Kunlun fills a similar role in China. For the ancient Hebrews Mount Zion expressed the symbol. Sioux beliefs take the Black Hills as the axis mundi. Mount Kailash is holy to Hinduism and several religions in Tibet. The Pitjantjatjara people in central Australia consider Uluru to be central to both their world and culture. In ancient Mesopotamia the cultures of ancient Sumer and Babylon erected artificial mountains, or ziggurats, on the flat river plain. These supported staircases leading to temples at the top. The Hindu temples in India are often situated on high mountains. E.g. Amarnath, Tirupati, Vaishno Devi etc. The pre-Columbian residents of Teotihuacán in Mexico erected huge pyramids featuring staircases leading to heaven. Jacob's Ladder is an axis mundi image, as is the Temple Mount. For Christians the Cross on Mount Calvary expresses the symbol. The Middle Kingdom, China, had a central mountain, Kunlun, known in Taoist literature as "the mountain at the middle of the world." To "go into the mountains" meant to dedicate oneself to a spiritual life. Monasteries of all faiths tend, like shrines, to be placed at elevated spots. Wise religious teachers are typically depicted in literature and art as bringing their revelations at world centers: mountains, trees, temples.
Because the axis mundi is an idea that unites a number of concrete images, no contradiction exists in regarding multiple spots as "the center of the world". The symbol can operate in a number of locales at once. Mount Hermon was regarded as the axis mundi in Caananite tradition, from where the sons of God are introduced descending in 1 Enoch (1En6:6). The ancient Greeks regarded several sites as places of earth's omphalos (navel) stone, notably the oracle at Delphi, while still maintaining a belief in a cosmic world tree and in Mount Olympus as the abode of the gods. Judaism has the Temple Mount and Mount Sinai, Christianity has the Mount of Olives and Calvary, Islam has Ka'aba, said to be the first building on earth, and the Temple Mount (Dome of the Rock). In Hinduism, Mount Kailash is identified with the mythical Mount Meru and regarded as the home of Shiva; in Vajrayana Buddhism, Mount Kailash is recognized as the most sacred place where all the dragon currents converge and is regarded as the gateway to Shambhala. In Shinto, the Ise Shrine is the omphalos. In addition to the Kunlun Mountains, where it is believed the peach tree of immortality is located, the Chinese folk religion recognizes four other specific mountains as pillars of the world.
Sacred places constitute world centers (omphalos) with the altar or place of prayer as the axis. Altars, incense sticks, candles and torches form the axis by sending a column of smoke, and prayer, toward heaven. The architecture of sacred places often reflects this role. "Every temple or palace--and by extension, every sacred city or royal residence--is a Sacred Mountain, thus becoming a Centre." The stupa of Hinduism, and later Buddhism, reflects Mount Meru. Cathedrals are laid out in the form of a cross, with the vertical bar representing the union of earth and heaven as the horizontal bars represent union of people to one another, with the altar at the intersection. Pagoda structures in Asian temples take the form of a stairway linking earth and heaven. A steeple in a church or a minaret in a mosque also serve as connections of earth and heaven. Structures such as the maypole, derived from the Saxons' Irminsul, and the totem pole among indigenous peoples of the Americas also represent world axes. The calumet, or sacred pipe, represents a column of smoke (the soul) rising form a world center. A mandala creates a world center within the boundaries of its two-dimensional space analogous to that created in three-dimensional space by a shrine.
Plants often serve as images of the axis mundi. The image of the Cosmic Tree provides an axis symbol that unites three planes: sky (branches), earth (trunk) and underworld (roots). In some Pacific island cultures the banyan tree, of which the Bodhi tree is of the Sacred Fig variety, is the abode of ancestor spirits. In Hindu religion, the banyan tree is considered sacred and is called ashwath vriksha ("I am banyan tree among trees" - Bhagavad Gita). It represents eternal life because of its seemingly ever-expanding branches. The Bodhi tree is also the name given to the tree under which Gautama Siddhartha, the historical Buddha, sat on the night he attained enlightenment. The Yggdrasil, or World Ash, functions in much the same way in Norse mythology; it is the site where Odin found enlightenment. Other examples include Jievaras in Lithuanian mythology and Thor's Oak in the myths of the pre-Christian Germanic peoples. The Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil in Genesis present two aspects of the same image. Each is said to stand at the center of the Paradise garden from which four rivers flow to nourish the whole world. Each tree confers a boon. Bamboo, the plant from which Asian calligraphy pens are made, represents knowledge and is regularly found on Asian college campuses. The Christmas tree, which can be traced in its origins back to pre-Christian European beliefs, represents an axis mundi. [clarify], such as the Fly Agaric mushroom among the Evenks of Russia. In China, traditional cosmography sometimes depicts the world center marked with the Jian tree (建木). Two more trees are placed at the East and West, corresponding to the points of sunrise and sunset, as described in the Huainanzi. The Mesoamerican world tree connects the planes of the Underworld and the sky with that of the terrestrial realm.
The human body can express the symbol of world axis. Some of the more abstract Tree of Life representations, such as the sefirot in Kabbalism and in the chakra system recognized by Hinduism and Buddhism, merge with the concept of the human body as a pillar between heaven and earth. Disciplines such as yoga and tai chi begin from the premise of the human body as axis mundi. The Buddha represents a world centre in human form. Large statues of a meditating figure unite the human figure with the symbolism of temple and tower. Astrology in all its forms assumes a connection between human health and affairs and the orientation of these with celestial bodies. World religions regard the body itself as a temple and prayer as a column uniting earth to heaven. The ancient Colossus of Rhodes combined the role of human figure with those of portal and skyscraper. The image of a human being suspended on a tree or a cross locates the figure at the axis where heaven and earth meet. The Renaissance image known as the Vitruvian Man represented a symbolic and mathematical exploration of the human form as world axis.
Homes can represent world centers. The symbolism for their residents is the same as for inhabitants of palaces and other sacred mountains. The hearth participates in the symbolism of the altar and a central garden participates in the symbolism of primordial paradise. In Asian cultures houses were traditionally laid out in the form of a square oriented toward the four compass directions. A traditional Asian home was oriented toward the sky through feng shui, a system of geomancy, just as a palace would be. Traditional Arab houses are also laid out as a square surrounding a central fountain that evokes a primordial garden paradise. Mircea Eliade noted that "the symbolism of the pillar in [European] peasant houses likewise derives from the 'symbolic field' of the axis mundi. In many archaic dwellings the central pillar does in fact serve as a means of communication with the heavens, with the sky." The nomadic peoples of Mongolia and the Americas more often lived in circular structures. The central pole of the tent still operated as an axis but a fixed reference to the four compass points was avoided.
A common shamanic concept, and a universally told story, is that of the healer traversing the axis mundi to bring back knowledge from the other world. It may be seen in the stories from Odin and the World Ash Tree to the Garden of Eden and Jacob's Ladder to Jack and the Beanstalk and Rapunzel. It is the essence of the journey described in The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri. The epic poem relates its hero's descent and ascent through a series of spiral structures that take him from through the core of the earth, from the depths of Hell to celestial Paradise. It is also a central tenet in the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex.
Anyone or anything suspended on the axis between heaven and earth becomes a repository of potential knowledge. A special status accrues to the thing suspended: a serpent, a victim of crucifixion or hanging, a rod, a fruit, mistletoe. Derivations of this idea find form in the Rod of Asclepius, an emblem of the medical profession, and in the caduceus, an emblem of correspondence and commercial professions. The staff in these emblems represents the axis mundi while the serpents act as guardians of, or guides to, knowledge.
- Bodhi tree, especially where Gautama Buddha found Enlightenment
- Stupa (Buddhism, Hinduism)
- Mount Meru in Hinduism
- Mount Kailash regarded by Hinduism and several religions in Tibet, e.g. Bön
- Jambudvipa in Hinduism and Jainism which is regarded as the actual navel of the universe (which is human in form)
- Kailasa (India), the abode of Shiva
- Mandara (India)
- Shiva Lingam (India)
- Kunlun Mountain (China), residence of the Immortals and the site of a peach tree offering immortality
- Human figure (yoga, tai chi, Buddha in meditation, sacred images)
- Ise Shrine (Shinto)
- Central courtyard in traditional home
- Bamboo stalk, associated with knowledge and learning
- Mago Stronghold (Old Korea) also known as Mago-seong, Mago San-seong, Go-Seong, Halmi-seong. Primoridial Home of the Great Goddess and HER primoridal descendants
- Garden of Eden with four rivers
- Tree of Life and Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
- Mt. Ararat landing place of Noah's ark
- Ziggurat, or Tower of Babel
- Jacob's Ladder
- Jerusalem, specifically, the Holy Temple; focus of Jewish prayer where Abraham bound Isaac
- Cross of the Crucifixion
- Ka'aba in Mecca; focus of Muslim prayer and the first building built by Adam
- Qutb, In Sufism, an intermediary figure between God and mankind
- Dome of the Rock where Muhammad ascended to heaven
- Garizim (Samaria)
- Hara Berezaiti (Persia)
- Meskel bonfire
- Stelae of the Aksumite Empire
- Pyramids of Egypt
- Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove of Nigeria
- Jebel Barkal of Sudan
- Idafe Rock of prehispanic La Palma
- Mt Kenya of Kenya
- Mount Kilimanjaro
- Yggdrasil (the world ash-tree in Norse cosmology)
- Irminsul (the great pillar in Germanic paganism)
- Hill of Uisneach (the navel and center of Ireland in Irish mythology)
- Mount Olympus in Greece, court of the gods (Greek mythology)
- Sampo or Sammas (Baltic-Finnic mythology)
- Delphi, home of the Oracle of Delphi (Greek mythology)
- Colossus of Rhodes (Greek mythology)
- Maypole (East Europe and Germanic paganism)
- Jack's Beanstalk (English fairy tale)
- Rapunzel's Tower (German fairy tale)
- Central pillar of peasant homes
- Vitruvian Man
- Hagia Sophia
- St. Peter's Basilica
- Umbilicus urbis Romae, a structure in the Roman Forum from where all the Roman roads parted.
- Isle of Man (Emain Ablach, the gate to the Otherworld in Irish Mythology)
- Teotihuacán Pyramids
- Totem Pole
- Black Hills (Sioux)
- Calumet (sacred pipe)
- Sipapu (Hopi)
- Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
- Medicine wheels of the northern Great Plains
- Temple Lot (Mormonism)
- Cuzco (Incas), meaning "navel" in Quechua
- Mesoamerican world tree
- Turtle Island
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Axis mundi symbolism continues to be evoked in modern societies. The idea has proven especially consequential in the realm of architecture. Capitol buildings, as the direct descendents of palaces, fill this role, as do commemorative structures such as the Washington Monument in the United States. A skyscraper, as the term itself suggests, suggests the connection of earth and sky, as do spire structures of all sorts. Such buildings come to be regarded as "centers" of an inhabited area, or even the world, and serve as icons of its ideals. The first skyscraper of modern times, the Eiffel Tower, exemplifies this role. The structure was erected in 1889 in Paris, France, to serve as the centerpiece for the Exposition Universelle, making it a symbolic world center from the planning stages. It has served as an iconic image for the city and the nation ever since. Landmark skyscrapers often take names that clearly identify them as centers.
Designers of skyscrapers today routinely evoke the axis mundi symbolism inherent in ancient precedents. Taipei 101 in Taiwan, completed in 2004, evokes the staircase, bamboo stalk, pagoda, pillar and torch. The design of the Burj Khalifa (United Arab Emirates) evokes both desert plants and traditional Arab spires. William F. Baker, one of the designers, states that "the goal of the Burj Dubai [subsequently renamed Burj Khalifa] is not simply to be the world's tallest building--it is to embody the world's highest aspirations." Twin towers, such as the Petronas Towers (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) and the former World Trade Center (Manhattan), maintain the axis symbolism even as they more obviously assume the role of pillars. Some structures pierce the sky, implying movement or flight (Chicago Spire, CN Tower in Toronto, the Space Needle in Seattle). Some structures highlight the more lateral elements of the symbol in implying portals (Tuntex Sky Tower in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, The Gateway Arch in St. Louis).
The places with economic importance and where skyscrapers are founded are recognised as Financial centres. Examples of financial centres are London, New York City, Rome, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Chicago, Seoul, Shanghai, Toronto, Montreal, São Paulo, Frankfurt, and Amsterdam.
Ancient traditions continue in modern structures. The Peace Pagodas built since the 1947 unite religious and secular purposes in one symbol drawn from Buddhism. The influence of the pagoda tradition may be seen in modern Asian skyscrapers (Taipei 101, Petronas Towers). The ancient ziggurat has likewise reappeared in modern form, including the headquarters of the National Geographic Society in Washington, DC and The Ziggurat housing the California Department of General Services. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright conceived the Guggenheim Museum in New York as an inverted ziggurat. The Washington Monument is a modern obelisk.
Artistic representations of the world axis abound. Prominent among these is the Colonne sans fin (The Endless Column, 1938) an abstract sculpture by Romanian Constantin Brâncuși. The column takes the form of a "sky pillar" (columna cerului) upholding the heavens even as its rhythmically repeating segments invite climb and suggest the possibility of ascension.
The association of the cosmic pillar with knowledge gives it a prominent role in the world of scholarship. University campuses typically assign a prominent axis role to a campus structure, such as a clock tower, library tower or bell tower. The building serves as the symbolic center of the settlement represented by the campus and serves as an emblem of its ideals. This symbolism of the center is closely tied to the widespread symbolism of the world axis. The image of the "ivory tower", a colloquial metaphor for academia, sustains the metaphor.
The image still takes natural forms as well, as in the American tradition of the Liberty Tree located at town centers. Individual homes continue to act as world axes, especially where Feng shui and other geomantic practices continue to be observed.
The corner of Haight and Ashbury Streets in San Francisco, California is regarded as the axis mundi in the hippie subculture. Christopher Street in Manhattan in New York City is the axis mundi in the gay subculture. Folsom Street, also in San Francisco, is the axis mundi in the leather subculture.
Axis mundi symbolism may be seen in much of the romance surrounding space travel. A rocket on the pad takes on all the symbolism of a tower and the astronaut enacts a mythic story. Each embarks on a perilous journey into the heavens and, if successful, returns with a boon for dissemination. The Apollo 13 insignia stated it succinctly: Ex luna scientia ("From the Moon, knowledge").
In fiction, Stephen King's 'The Dark Tower' series, and much of his other connected fiction, revolves around a tower that serves as the axis of all realities.
- Mircea Eliade (tr. Philip Mairet). 'Symbolism of the Centre' in Images and Symbols. Princeton, 1991. ISBN 069102068X. p.48-51
- Mircea Eliade (tr. Philip Mairet). 'Symbolism of the Centre' in Images and Symbols. Princeton, 1991. ISBN 069102068X. p.40
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- Winther, Rasmus Grønfeldt (2014) World Navels. Cartouche 89: 15-21 http://philpapers.org/archive/WINWN.pdf
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- Mircea Eliade (tr. Philip Mairet). 'Symbolism of the Centre' in Images and Symbols. Princeton, 1991. ISBN 069102068X. p.39
- Mircea Eliade (tr. Philip Mairet). 'Symbolism of the Centre' in Images and Symbols. Princeton, 1991. ISBN 069102068X. p.37-39
- Mircea Eliade (tr. Philip Mairet). 'Symbolism of the Centre' in Images and Symbols. Princeton, 1991. ISBN 069102068X. p.41-43
- Wang, Chong. Lunheng Part I: Philosophical Essays of Wang Ch'ung. Trans. Alfred Forke. London: Luzac & Co., 1907. p.337.
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- Kelley Coblentz Bautch (25 September 2003). A Study of the Geography of 1 Enoch 17-19: "no One Has Seen what I Have Seen". BRILL. pp. 62–. ISBN 978-90-04-13103-3. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
- Mircea Eliade (tr. Willard Trask). 'Archetypes and Repetition' in The Myth of the Eternal Return. Princeton, 1971. ISBN 0691017778. p.12
- Jean Chevalier and Alain Gheerbrandt. A Dictionary of Symbols. Penguin Books: London, 1996. ISBN 0140512543. pp.148-149
- Mircea Eliade (tr. Philip Mairet). 'Symbolism of the Centre' in Images and Symbols. Princeton, 1991. ISBN 069102068X. p.52-54
- Mircea Eliade (tr. Philip Mairet). 'Symbolism of the Centre' in Images and Symbols. Princeton, 1991. ISBN 069102068X. p.42-45
- Chevalier, Jean and Gheerbrandt, Alain. A Dictionary of Symbols. Penguin Books: London, 1996. ISBN 0140512543. pp.1025-1033
- Miller, Mary; Karl Taube (1993). The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 186. ISBN 0500050686.
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- Mircea Eliade (tr. Philip Mairet). 'Indian Symbolisms of Time and Eternity' in Images and Symbols. Princeton, 1991. ISBN 069102068X. p.76
- Mircea Eliade. 'Brâncuși and Mythology' in Symbolism, the Sacred, and the Arts. Continuum, 1992. ISBN 0826406181. p. 100
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- Hwang, Helen Hye-Sook (2015). The Mago Way: Re-discovering Mago, the Great Goddess from East Asia. Mago Books. pp. 136–142. ISBN 9781516907922.
- Alwyn and Brinley Rees. Celtic Heritage. Thames and Hudson: New York, 1961. ISBN 0500270392. pp. 159-161.
- Judith Dupré. 'Skyscrapers: A History of the World's Most Extraordinary Buildings.' Black Dog & Leventhal, 1998/2008. p.137
- Judith Dupré. 'Skyscrapers: A History of the World's Most Extraordinary Buildings.' Black Dog & Leventhal, 1998/2008. p. 19
- Judith Dupré. 'Skyscrapers: A History of the World's Most Extraordinary Buildings.' Black Dog & Leventhal, 1998/2008. pp. 45, 69, 81, 91, 97,135, 136, 143
- Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. "CTBUH 2008 Dubai Congress - William F. Baker, "Engineering the World's Tallest"" YouTube. YouTube, 17 May 2013. Web. 02 July 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uaGND8vUhE>.
- Judith Dupré. 'Skyscrapers: A History of the World's Most Extraordinary Buildings.' Black Dog & Leventhal, 1998/2008
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- Nasa Apollo Mission: Apollo 13. 2007-08-25 | <urn:uuid:640713d2-4489-4fa0-89c3-a001da620040> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_mountain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00293-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.85314 | 6,014 | 2.625 | 3 |
Spending more time at home makes a person notice all of the things that are normally overlooked. Now is a great time to catch up on all of those honey-do list items and do a deep spring cleaning – both inside and outside. Below is a list of essential indoor and outdoor tasks to tackle. If you’re looking for more ideas, check out Martha Stewart’s Ultimate Spring Cleaning Checklist.
- Clear Clutter. Create more space in your home by clearing out unused items from closets and drawers. For now, put the donations into a box or garbage bag and take them to a local charity such as Goodwill when it reopens. If you have large items such as furniture, you can schedule a pick-up with most non-profits. Some will send a truck free of charge. If you have a lot of one type of item (i.e., baby clothes), look for a consignment shop in your town where you may be able to sell them.
- Rid Rooms of Dust & Cobwebs. Vacuum underneath seldom-moved furniture and dust on top of kitchen and bathroom cabinets, ceiling fans and light fixtures, as well as out-of-the-way places like wood paneling, doors, and trim. Wipe cobwebs from the ceiling and high corners.
- Clean Trash Cans & Recycling Containers. Take empty cans outside and spray them with a hose to start. Spritz inside and out with the cleaning spray of your choice. Let the bins sit for a few minutes before scrubbing them with a stiff-bristle brush. Rinse with the hose and leave them upside down to dry.
- Check Safety Devices.Test batteries on smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, replacing them as needed. Be sure to properly recycle the dead batteries. It’s also a good idea to periodically check for recalls of your home safety products; you can find up-to-date listings at Recalls.gov.
- Clean the Washing Machine. Your faithful washing machine has laundered loads and loads of clothes. Now it’s time to clean the machine itself! First, use hot soapy water to wipe out any gunk caught in the rubber gaskets around the washer door. Then, run the empty washer on its hottest setting with a mixture of vinegar and baking soda.
- De-Grime the Dishwasher. Pull out the racks of your empty dishwasher and check inside for any lodged food particles; these are often stuck in flatware holders or filters at the bottom of the machine. To cut through lingering odors, lime stains, and mineral build-up, run the empty washer with a cup of white vinegar in a dishwasher-safe bowl placed on the top rack.
- Clean Cutting Boards. Cutting boards endure a lot of wear and tear throughout the year. Sprinkle them with baking soda or kosher salt and rub them down with the cut side of a lemon. Afterwards, wipe wooden boards down with cutting board oil; this will help prevent your boards from warping and remain free of cracks for years to come. If your cutting boards have reached the end of their useful life, recycle them.
- Clean the Pantry. Throw out any expired food. Donate non-expired food that isn’t being eaten to a local food pantry.
- Wipe Out the Refrigerator. Pull everything out of the refrigerator. Throw away anything that is expired. If shelving and drawers are removable, give them a quick wash in warm, soapy water. While they dry, quickly wipe down the inside of your fridge (including any rubber gaskets around the door edges) with a mixture of warm water and vinegar.
- Wash the Bedding & Vacuum Mattresses. Larger soft goods, like pillows and comforters, can often go right in the washer and air dry on a curtain rod or drying rack; just make sure you follow the manufacturer’s instructions on the tag, as some may need to be dry-cleaned. While the beds are stripped, pull out your vacuum cleaner and use the upholstery attachment to carefully vacuum the top crevices of all your home’s mattresses. This is also a great opportunity to swap out heavier bedding for lighter, summer-friendly linens. As long as you’re vacuuming, move the bed and vacuum underneath.
- Vacuum & Wash Throw Rugs. Get rid of dust and dirt by vacuuming and then washing your throw rugs. Hang the rugs to dry on a drying rack or clothesline.
- Check for Indoor Plumbing Leaks. Check under sinks and around bathtubs, showers, and toilets to ensure there are no leaks. If there are, repair them or schedule plumbing repairs.
- Clean the Floors. Hardwood, ceramic tile, linoleum, and carpet all need to be deep-cleaned. Here are eight no-sweat tricks to clean any type of floor.
- Clean & Organize the Garage. Can you park your car in your garage? If not (or if it’s a tight fit), it may be time to make some more space. Clear out the junk and schedule time to take unused paint, motor oil, and other hazardous household waste (HHW) items to a recycling center that accepts them. If you’re not sure where to go, search Earth911 to find a center near you. Once your garage is cleaned out, consider adding ceiling-mounted storage units or shelving units to keep things off the floor and neatly organized. Does this seem like an impossible task? Here are some additional Garage Cleaning Tips for the Overwhelmed.
- Clean Gutters & Downspouts. Start at the top. Having your home’s gutters and downspouts cleaned (and repaired if necessary) is one of the first important tasks to schedule this season. Clogged gutters during a rainy spring can cause water to pool, potentially damaging the roof and siding of your home.
- Inspect the Roof. Carefully inspect the roof while cleaning your gutters to ensure that it is leak-proof, isn’t growing things, and doesn’t contain fallen branches. Schedule necessary roof repairs.
- Wash the Siding.Using a regular garden hose, attach a siding cleaning kit (available at most home improvement stores) to clean grime from your home’s siding. If your siding could use a really deep cleaning, it can be tempting to use a pressure washer to get the job done quickly. But if you do, use it with care: Consumer Reports advises avoiding any pressure washer that comes with a 0-degree nozzle, because it can be too dangerous (to you and your house). Wider nozzles can get the job done just as well. Pro tip: wash the siding BEFORE you wash the windows. Find tips on how to wash your house here.
- Wash Windows & Doors. Welcome the spring sunshine by clearing dirt and grime from windows inside and out. After cleaning the glass, take an extra moment to wipe the window frame and sill, which can often be a breeding ground for mold. For more information, check out The Best Way to Get Your Windows Spotlessly Clean.
- Clean and Inspect Screen Doors & Windows. There is nothing better than opening the windows and letting in some fresh spring air. But before you do, clean the pollen and dirt build-up on the screens. For a quick cleaning, leave screens in place and vacuum with a dusting attachment. For a deeper cleaning, remove screens and gently scrub with warm, soapy water. Rinse and let them dry. Before putting window screens and screen doors back up, inspect each one for holes and rips—even small tears can let in mosquitoes and bugs. If you find any holes, repair them with a screen patch kit (available at most hardware stores). And don’t forget to clean the window treatments inside.
- Decks/Front Porches. Spruce up the front porch or backyard deck. Clean the porch/deck floor. If you have porch furniture, clean them off and wash the cushions. To keep dust and dirt from entering the house, lay down a fresh doormat. For an added touch, add a plant or a pot of flowers.
- Keep Mosquitoes at Bay. Warmer weather and longer days means we’re entering mosquito season. Take preventative measures by regularly checking your property for standing water and emptying it. Any open containers (empty flowerpots and saucers, a wheelbarrow, etc.) can become mosquito breeding grounds when filled with rainwater, so store these items upside down or in a shed.
- Inspect Paths & Driveway. Repeated freezing and thawing can take a toll on asphalt and concrete. Check your driveway and paths for cracks, scheduling repairs such as asphalt sealing as needed.
- Schedule Cooling-System Maintenance. If you have central air conditioning, be sure to schedule professional maintenance before the start of summer. A properly maintained system cools better, uses less energy, and lasts longer.
- Test Sprinklers & Irrigation System. Take the time this month to test each part, adjusting or repairing as needed. If you don’t already have drip irrigation for your garden, consider putting it in—a properly installed system can save time and water.
- Maintain Wood Decks, Fences, Pergolas, & Furniture. Keep outdoor woodwork in top shape by staining or resealing it each spring. Check gates, fencing, decks, railings, pergolas, outdoor structures, and wood furniture. Make repairs as needed.
- Yes, even in Wisconsin and Iowa, be on the lookout for these winged insects. If there is a large number of winged insects flying out of a hole in the woodwork, it’s probably termites. If you notice any, call a licensed professional pest-control company. Find a pest control service near you. | <urn:uuid:a5ec4d23-53e8-4bbf-a304-1250d3380560> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://miron-construction.com/blog_entries/spring-cleaning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.915752 | 2,098 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Composer? Arranger? Get the royalties you’ve earned
that she wrote, so the MacLeod estate should, too. Thankfully, apparently the rights were well looked after and fair compensation was paid out for performing and mechanical rights because millions of fans enjoyed and paid to listen to the music.
In reality, the MacLeod estate, because they own “Susan MacLeod,” could have told Madonna that she could not use the tune. They could have stopped the whole show in its tracks, if they wished, through what is known as “moral rights,” which the UK upholds (some countries, like the USA, don’t uphold moral rights for copyright holders). But of course there was no real reason to do that, especially if they were compensated fairly.
Had Madonna’s record label and associated companies not paid attention to clearing the rights to use the music, the MacLeod estate could have halted the sale of everything until a settlement was reached.
Any pipe music composer whose music is used without their permission and/or fair compensation on a recording, a radio or TV broadcast could – by rights – demand that the thing be stopped until rights are cleared and compensation is agreed upon.
There are pipe-music composers who look after their rights and those who don’t. The ones who do and whose tunes have gained popularity can earn thousands every year. Those who are even moderately successful can earned a few hundred dollars a year. Unbelievably, there are prominent composers who don’t help themselves and haven’t joined a performing rights organization, so they get zero. The money that is there waiting for them is listed as “unidentified” and it just sits in a pot until it’s identified or until so much time passes that the organization simply gives up and then pays it out in an averaged way to others who are on the radio, like pop-stars.
There are also successful composers who have joined a performing rights organization, but are too lazy or apathetic to register their compositions, so their money cannot be matched with their music.
If you are a composer, it behooves you to have bands play your music in competition. Get your music out there. Get it played. And look after your rights by engaging the right organizations to do that otherwise impossible work of tracking, collecting and distributing for your music.
John McLellan, Dunoon, wrote “The Road to the Isles.” He was a quiet, unassuming man who simply wanted to make nice music, and he did so beautifully. But “The Road to the Isles,” “Lochanside” and other of his compositions have become beloved worldwide. They are routinely played thousands and thousands of times by businesses and at public events worldwide every year. McLellan died in 1949, so there are four years left before his compositions become public domain. McLellan never married and had no heirs, so hopefully someone has looked after his estate. Again, the money for his tunes has been paid by the businesses and events where they have been played over the last 68 years. The money just needs to be matched with the owner of the copyright.
Knowing your rights as a composer is essential to building your career. Performing rights organizations make the process of monitoring, collecting and paying you for your tunes perfectly easy and simple. And the best news is that becoming a member is free.
Who knows? Your next composition could be the next “Road to the Isles,” so it only makes sense to get the money that you have earned.
And even if your tunes have earned only a few dollars, those dollars are yours, and you deserve to receive them.
But you need to help yourself.
Rodney Murphy is Manager of A&R with SOCAN, the Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada. | <urn:uuid:59415848-deec-4c31-b519-253314804da5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pipesdrums.com/article/composer-arranger-get-the-royalties-youve-earned/6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.983985 | 806 | 2.140625 | 2 |
FF Cocon Light fonts
Background: It is based on Fontfont font genre that has eighteen distinct appearances. Designed by Evert Bloemsma in the year 1998, it has found its application mainly in graphics and art designing fields. A distinct advantage being that is can be used even with low resolution with high clarity and efficiency. Particularly useful and innovative font-type that will also finds its application in other domains mainly in website content and journal writings.
Designed 1998 by Evert Bloemsma. | <urn:uuid:6004c44d-536a-4707-9170-8127a3ce9b81> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fontseek.com/fonts/ff_cocon_light.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00381-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964911 | 103 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Fearing clients might bring home offshore outsourcing contracts, service providers are adapting to widen and improve their offering
Once seemingly unstoppable forces of globalisation and free trade are being challenged by the rise of protectionist policies in many Western countries. In turn, the future of offshore outsourcing is growing increasingly uncertain, especially as US President Donald Trump makes overtures to withdraw from major trade agreements and the populist upheaval in Europe puts pressure on companies to reshore their operations.
Overseas companies are acutely aware of the disruptive market they find themselves in, with the level of concern varying from region to region, according to Dave Hecker, an offshore software outsourcing specialist who has advised Fortune 500 companies.
“Many large software firms in India express real concern about protectionist policies in the United States because they rely heavily on US outsourcing and are the biggest participants in the H-1B visa [extension] programme. Meanwhile, Eastern European software vendors seem to have little concern over protectionism in the US, as they have easy access to the European market, which is smaller than the US, closer and very lucrative,” says Mr Hecker.
Even before Brexit and Trump, restrictive trade policies were being implemented by governments across the globe
Even before Brexit and Trump, restrictive trade policies were being implemented by governments across the globe. According to research by law firm Gowling WLG, from 2009 to 2016, 5,657 European Union directives and measures harmful to trade were enacted. While these policies will obviously not have a positive impact on outsourcing-reliant companies and economies, the urgent need for the efficiencies and expertise offered by outsourcing remains undeniable.
There are few signs that the backlash against globalisation is set to tail off anytime soon, but at the same time large corporations still require employees with specific skills and knowledge that can sometimes be best located overseas. A central issue critics have of offshore outsourcing is the apparent job losses caused by it at home, although a recent study from Professor Nigel Driffield at Warwick Business School goes some way towards dispelling this claim.
Professor Driffield and his colleagues investigated the impact that offshore outsourcing had on home-country employment over an almost 20-year period and found “there is no evidence to support the assertion that offshoring will have a negative effect on employment at home’. Multinational companies would be quite reasonably concerned about offshore outsourcing, if they fear adverse populist reactions, but the true impact of offshoring is more complex than a simple soundbite.
“Politics and culture aside, we simply don’t have enough truly qualified software professionals in the US, so the idea that foreigners are ‘taking our jobs’ simply isn’t true. It’s hard to imagine any administration enacting policy that would have a huge negative impact on the software industry and Silicon Valley,” says Tom Quigley, chief executive of think-tank Emerging Europe Alliance.
Mr Quigley explains how a number of Central and Eastern European (CEE) outsourcing service providers are starting to put boots on the ground in the UK, giving them the ability to conduct regular face-to-face meetings at an account management level. In the CEE region itself, there are calls for the creation of new partnerships and collaborations to improve its value proposition.
“At market level, businesses in Poland are partnering with businesses in Ukraine, and trade associations are sharing knowledge and data, co-hosting events and collaborating more actively,” says Mr Quigley. “Businesses in the region are increasingly focusing on innovation and value creation, leveraging new technologies and talking up their partnership methodologies like transparency, share of risk, access to future skills and emerging technologies.”
The recent launch of the Emerging Europe Alliance for Business Services, Innovation and Technology, which sets out to raise the profile of the region in global markets, is one example of the organisations being created in response to threats of reshoring and political risks that challenge the outsourcing status quo.
This alliance will work to create a new ecosystem of service providers, advisories, startups and incubators. “Because this is a platform at a scale which has never existed before, it will open up all sorts of possibilities for partnerships, collaboration and further innovation, which we predict will contribute to economic growth,” says Mr Quigley.
In a bid to stay competitive in an era of anti-globalisation, forward-thinking outsourcers are embracing new ways of doing business. Sukand Ramachandran, partner at the Boston Consulting Group in London, believes that as the use of robotic process automation and artificial intelligence technologies increases at companies of all sizes, outsourcers are changing their service offering.
“Outsourcers are looking to harness the digitisation wave and move progressively from being a provider of ‘smart labour’ at a ‘cost-effective’ price to a provider of digitised activities, charging for outcomes and digital activities, or harnessing digital technologies to provide value-added services,” he says.
Case study: Brexit
In the aftermath of the UK’s June 2016 vote to leave the European Union, a number of major companies began to reshore parts of their overseas operations. Shoemaker Clarks announced in early-2017 that a new production facility will be opened in Somerset to manufacture desert boots previously made in Vietnam and India. Moreover, a Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply study found 32 per cent of UK businesses that currently use EU suppliers are actively looking for British substitutes.
Depending on new procurement rules and possible tariff barriers imposed after Brexit, the ability to establish outsourcing agreements between UK companies and overseas firms may be damaged. Overseas suppliers can also face a public backlash when taking on high-profile contracts. Franco-Dutch printing firm Gemalto was awarded the contract to produce post-Brexit blue passports, but was drawn into a politically sensitive debate after more than 200,000 people signed a petition calling for the new passport to be made in the UK. | <urn:uuid:c3194f50-c4a7-4bee-880f-6990840cc1b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.raconteur.net/business-strategy/outsourcing/outsourcing-providers-diversify-survive-protectionism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.955807 | 1,226 | 1.75 | 2 |
Nearly 1 million women get abortions every year. Most say they made that choice because they couldn't afford a baby or having one would interfere with a job, caring for existing children or other responsibilities.
Who are these women?
--More than half -- 54 percent -- say they were using birth control around the time they got pregnant.
--Most are unmarried, in their 20s and 30s; 18 percent are teens.
--More than half are poor.
--Three-fourths identify with a religion, mostly Protestant; more than 1 in 4 are Catholic.
--Nearly 60 percent have at least one child.
--More than one-third are white, 30 percent are black and 25 percent are Hispanic.
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Guttmacher Institute. | <urn:uuid:56dc6926-59bc-4969-8d22-5b24e349f88f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.the-review.com/ap%20health/2012/10/20/abortion-seekers-often-poor-and-already-mothers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721008.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00116-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967508 | 163 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Off-grid Energy Storage Market report focuses on the major drivers and restraints for the key players. It also provides granular analysis of the market share, segmentation, revenue forecasts and geographic regions of the market. The Off-grid Energy Storage Market research report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Off-grid Energy Storage Industry.
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• Off-grid Energy Storage Production, Revenue (Value) by Region (2011-2021)
• Off-grid Energy Storage Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2021)
• Off-grid Energy Storage Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type
• Off-grid Energy Storage Market Analysis by Application
• Off-grid Energy Storage Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis
• Off-grid Energy Storage Manufacturing Cost Analysis
• Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers
• Off-grid Energy Storage Market Forecast (2016-2021)
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Further in the Off-grid Energy Storage Market Industry Analysis report, the Off-grid Energy Storage Market is examined for price, cost and gross. These three points are analysed for types, companies and regions. In continuation with this data sale price is for various types, applications and region is also included. The Off-grid Energy Storage Market for major regions is given. Additionally, type wise and application wise consumption figures are also given.
Scope of the Off-grid Energy Storage Industry on the basis of region:
With the help of supply and consumption data, gap between these two is also explained.
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To provide information on competitive landscape, this report includes detailed profiles of Off-grid Energy Storage Market key players. For each player, product details, capacity, price, cost, gross and revenue numbers are given. Their contact information is provided for better understanding.
In this Off-grid Energy Storage Market report analysis, traders and distributors analysis is given along with contact details. For material and equipment suppliers also, contact details are given. New investment feasibility analysis and Off-grid Energy Storage Market Industry growth is included in the report.
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Absolute Reports is an upscale platform to help key personnel in the business world in strategizing and taking visionary decisions based on facts and figures derived from in depth market research. We are one of the top report resellers in the market, dedicated towards bringing you an ingenious concoction of data parameters.
Get More Market Research Related News, visit http://www.instapressrelease.com/ | <urn:uuid:61d0785b-16e8-4b45-9196-1bbba99c7df2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://beforeitsnews.com/business/2016/12/off-grid-energy-storage-market-2016-industry-trends-sales-supply-demand-analysis-forecasts-to-2021-3067376.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900638 | 935 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Music Labels End File-Sharing Lawsuits; New Tactics Announced
WASHINGTON — The Recording Industry Association of America said it is ending its five-year campaign of filing copyright infringement lawsuits against individuals who download songs illegally on their computers. Instead, RIAA said it will work with ISPs to curb the practice. Major providers will forward warnings from RIAA to alleged illegal downloaders; if the individuals continue downloading songs illegally, the ISPs may stop providing service.
RIAA has filed 35,000 copyright suits since 2003. But analysts said even though most defendants settled out of court, the campaign failed to curb illegal downloading. The association’s tactics recently came under high-profile criticism when a Harvard law professor agreed to defend Joel Tenenbaum, a Boston University student who is accused of illegal music downloading.
Dr. Charles Nesson said RIAA’s tactics amounted to a private organization abusing U.S. courts as a “collection agency,” substituting intimidation for due process.
Wired magazine editorialized that the basic legal theory behind RIAA’s lawsuits remains undecided: Does a consumer violate copyright laws simply by having an open-share folder of copyrighted music on a peer-to-peer network? District judges disagree, but no federal appeals courts have ruled on the issue, the publication reported.
RIAA said that although it plans no additional suits, pending cases will go forward; Tenenbaum’s case is slated for trial next month in a Massachusetts district court.
An attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation told PC World magazine that the recording indutry’s new tactics mean “more music fans are going to be harassed by the music industry.”
Nielsen Soundscan said sales of digital music rose 28% in 2007, passing the $1 billion mark. RIAA’s data also show increased activity in 2007: Consumers downloaded 809.9 million singles compared with 586.4 million in 2006, a 38.1% increase, and 42.5 million albums compared with 27.6 million in 2006, a 54% increase.
AMOA, Industry Members Rally To Support Texas Operator Bob Young
SO. BARRINGTON, IL — Two former presidents of the Amusement and Music Operators Association are spearheading efforts to raise $20,000 to support former AMOA board director Bob Young, Condor Videotronics (Wharton, TX). Young, who underwent the amputation of a leg some years back, suffered a stroke last year and has been recuperating in the hospital for nine months, fighting his way back from partial paralysis.
According to past-president Frank Seninsky of Amusement Entertainment Management (E. Brunswick, NJ), Young and wife Kathy sold most of their route; Kathy continues operating the remainder while visiting her husband daily at a healthcare center 80 miles from their home. Young’s medical bills are running $5,000 monthly; the family has no health insurance.
“I know how difficult it is for proud people like Bob and Kathy to even consider receiving financial help, but now is the time for us to help one of our industry soldiers,” Seninsky said.
Past-president Marion Paul, Fannie Farkle’s (Gatlinburg, TN), kicked off the fundraising effort. Numerous AMOA past-presidents have contributed $1,000 each, and several directors have contributed $500 each.
Donations of $100 and up are urgently requested, said Young’s colleagues, who added that all funds will go to his medical bills. Checks should be made to Katherine L. Young and can be mailed to P.O. Box 1366, El Campo, TX 77437. Her email address is email@example.com. To help AMOA keep track of funds, Seninsky has requested that donors notify him of their contributions at firstname.lastname@example.org.
Coin-Op Industry’s Washington Law Firm Expands
WASHINGTON — The firm of Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal, which represents the Amusement and Music Operators Association and the American Amusement Machine Association in the nation’s capital, is making progress toward its goal of eventually expanding to 1,000 attorneys who generate $1 billion in annual revenues.
Although Sonnenschein laid off three dozen lawyers last spring, it also added 64 attorneys in 2008 and absorbed some offices and practices. Last week, Sonnenschein said it is hiring about 100 attorneys from the Wall Street firm of Thacher Profitt & Wood.
As a result, Sonnenschein said it expects to take over the U.S. Treasury Department contract with Thacher to help manage part of the massive federal financial bailout known as the Troubled Asset Relief Program.
Sonnenschein is now chaired by Elliott Portnoy, who personally handled the AMOA-AAMA account for several years. Portnoy has stated that his goal is to grow the company into the ranks of America’s 25 largest law firms. According to recent press reports, Portnoy said he expects 2009 to be Sonnenschien’s most profitable year ever as a new, activist Obama Administration helps create increased demand for Sonnenschien’s expertise in regulatory law and public policy.
Photo-Me To Debut Coin-Op Dance Heads Recording Booth At ATEI
LONDON — Photo-Me will unveil the coin-op version of its popular new entertainment concept – Dance Heads – at the upcoming ATEI 2009 amusement exhibition taking place here at Earls Court, Jan. 27-29.
Dance Heads uses green-screen technology to superimpose patrons’ heads on professional dancers’ bodies while they sing along to popular hits. Providing the privacy and ease of use of Photo-Me’s traditional photobooths, the new Dance Heads recording booth allows patrons to sing and dance to original recordings from classic artists such as The Beach Boys, The Jackson 5 and Elvis. Fully animated backgrounds complete the effect, creating a unique music video in which the customer is the pop star. The machine dispenses a DVD of the video to the patron at the end of the recording session.
The new Dance Heads kiosk is exclusively available from Photo-Me in the UK, Ireland and throughout Europe. Photo-Me is exhibiting at ATEI in booth #1000.
NBVA Changes Venue And Date For 2009 Bulk Vending Show
SCOTTSDALE, AZ — The National Bulk Vendors Association said it is moving its annual convention and trade show from Caesars Palace to Bally’s Las Vegas. Previously planned at Caesars for April 23-25, the rescheduled trade event moves up a week for an April 16-18 run at Bally’s.
NBVA officials said the venue and schedule change provides comparable exhibit space and room accommodations, while remaining on the Las Vegas Strip. Both Bally’s, which offers 2,814 rooms, and Caesars are owned and operated by Harrah’s Entertainment. Bally’s has a large shopping area, located one floor below its gaming level, which includes several restaurants. The resort also has a station stop on the Las Vegas Monorail system.
The show site change, officials added, will save the association a significant amount of money. Reduced NBVA show rates must be booked by Jan. 30; the special rates are blocked between April 14 and 19. NBVA can be reached at (888) 628-2872.
President Bush Pardons Former Bally Gaming Chief
WASHINGTON — President Bush on Dec. 30 pardoned Alan Stephen Maiss, who served as president and chief executive of Bally Gaming Inc. from 1991 to 1993.
Maiss pled guilty in 1995 to two felony counts of failing to report a crime. He admitted that while heading Bally, he allowed the company to keep doing business with a video poker operation, Worldwide Gaming (New Orleans), even though Maiss knew Worldwide was not properly licensed.
Worldwide’s Christopher Tanfield identified himself as an associate of New York’s Genovese crime family, according to one Louisiana newspaper. The Reno Gazette-Journal said Maiss is reportedly a past-director of the Nevada Coin Operators Association.
Betson Creates Two Financing Vehicles For Pharaoh’s Treasure Pusher
CARLSTADT, NJ — Now available from Betson Enterprises, the nation’s largest distributor, are two financial products that help ease the purchase of Family Fun Co.’s hit pusher.
The first program offers Pharaoh’s Treasure without any payments or interest for six months. It’s valid through Jan. 31. The game is also available through a special 30-month lease created by Betson Financial Services; the leasing program consists of $399 monthly payments and requires no down payment.
Pharaoh’s Treasure is a four-player coin pusher that boasts colorful lighting, five ways for players to win and a progressive jackpot. Its small footprint, only 42 square inches, is the game’s distinctive characteristic. “The eye-catching design along with a popular theme makes this pusher one of the best-earning redemption games,” said Betson redemption specialist Scott Gilmore.
More information can be had by calling Betson at (201) 438-1300, ext. 3318, or sending an email to email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:061e3c9b-8443-4ee4-a66f-8bf4d1ba1b33> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.vendingtimes.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?nm=Vending+Features&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&tier=4&id=3D72F153608D475E807EF6D40A17AAE0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938331 | 1,988 | 1.5625 | 2 |
We live in a world that is broken. For those who believe
that there must be a more efficient way for people to get
things done, here from Scrum pioneer Jeff Sutherland is a brilliantly
discursive, thought-provoking book about the management process that is
changing the way we live.
In the future, historians may look back on human progress
and draw a sharp line designating “before Scrum” and “after Scrum.” Scrum is that ground-breaking.
It already drives most of the world’s top technology companies. And now it’s
starting to spread to every domain where people wrestle with complex projects.
If you’ve ever been startled by how fast the world is
changing, Scrum is one of the reasons why. Productivity gains of as much as
1200 percent have been recorded, and there’s no more lucid—or compelling—explainer
of Scrum and its bright promise than Jeff Sutherland, the man who put together
the first Scrum team more than twenty years ago.
The thorny problem Jeff began tackling back then boils down
to this: people are spectacularly bad at doing things quickly and efficiently.
Best laid plans go up in smoke. Teams often work at cross purposes to each
other. And when the pressure rises, unhappiness soars. Drawing on his
experience as a West Point-educated fighter pilot, biometrics expert, early
innovator of ATM technology, and VP of engineering or CTO at eleven different
technology companies, Jeff began challenging those dysfunctional realities,
looking for solutions that would have global impact.
In this book you’ll journey to Scrum’s front lines where
Jeff’s system of deep accountability, team interaction, and constant iterative
improvement is, among other feats, bringing the FBI into the twenty-first
century, perfecting the design of an affordable 140 mile per hour/100 mile per
gallon car, helping NPR report fast-moving action in the Middle East, changing
the way pharmacists interact with patients, reducing poverty in the Third World,
and even helping people plan their weddings and accomplish weekend chores.
Woven with insights from martial arts, judicial decision
making, advanced aerial combat, robotics, and many other disciplines, Scrum is consistently riveting. But the most important
reason to read this book is that it may just help you achieve what others
consider unachievable—whether it be inventing a trailblazing technology,
devising a new system of education, pioneering a way to feed the hungry, or,
closer to home, a building a foundation for your family to thrive and prosper. Download and start listening now! | <urn:uuid:a88b69d5-b8ea-4919-8738-2f50bb472d3c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://audiobookstore.com/audiobooks/scrum.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912165 | 574 | 1.679688 | 2 |
African immigration to the United States
|African : 3,183,104 (Subsaharan African: 2,847,199 + North African: 335.895) (2010 US Census) |
|Regions with significant populations|
|Washington, D.C., New York, Maryland, Minneapolis, California, Dallas, Atlanta, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Houston|
|English (African English, American English), Arabic, Yoruba, Igbo, Akan, Lingala, French, Wolof, Swahili, Amharic, Somali, Tigrinya, Berber, Afrikaans, Hausa, Portuguese, Cape Verdean Crioulo, Spanish, others|
|Related ethnic groups|
|other African people|
African immigration to the United States refers to immigrants to the United States who are or were nationals of African countries. The term African in the scope of this article refers to geographical or national origins rather than racial affiliation.
From the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 to 2007, an estimated total of 0.8 to 0.9 million Africans immigrated to the United States, accounting for roughly 3.3% of total immigration to the United States during this period.
African immigrants in the United States come from almost all regions in Africa and do not constitute a homogeneous group. They include peoples from different national, linguistic, ethnic, racial, cultural and social backgrounds.
- 1 African presence in United States immigration legislation
- 2 20th-century migration patterns
- 3 Population
- 4 Factors contributing to migration
- 5 Demographics
- 6 Educational attainment
- 7 Health
- 8 Culture
- 9 Religion
- 10 Cultural influence
- 11 Visibility
- 12 Notable African immigrants
- 13 See also
- 14 References
- 15 External links
African presence in United States immigration legislation
In the 1870s the Naturalization Act was extended to allow "aliens, being free white persons and to aliens of African nativity and to persons of African descent" to acquire citizenship. Hence immigration from Africa was theoretically permitted while non-white immigration from Asia was not.
Quotas enacted between 1921-1924
Several laws enforcing national origins quotas on American immigration were enacted between 1921 and 1924 and were in effect until they were repealed in 1965. While these laws were aimed at restricting the immigration of Jews and Catholics from central and eastern Europe and immigration from Asia, they also impacted African immigrants. This legislation effectively excluded Africans from entering the country.
The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 restricted immigration from a given country to 3% of the number of people from that country living in the US according to the census of 1910. The Immigration Act of 1924 (also known as the Johnson-Reed Act) reduced that to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already living in the US in 1890. Under this system, the quota for immigrants from Africa (excluding Egypt) totaled 1,100. (This number was increased to 1,400 under the Immigration act of 1952 or the McCarran-Walter Act.) This is in contrast to a country like Germany whose limit was 51,227.
Immigration Act of 1965
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (also known as the Hart-Cellar Act) repealed the national quotas and subsequently there was a substantial increase in the number of immigrants from "developing" countries, particularly in Africa and Asia. This act also provided a separate category for refugees. The act also provided greater opportunity for family reunification.
20th-century migration patterns
The influx of African immigrants began in the latter part of the 20th century and is often referred to as the "fourth great migration." This trend began after decolonization, as many Africans came to the US seeking an education, and has risen steadily over time. Originally, these immigrants came with the sole purpose of advancing themselves before returning to their respective countries. However, in recent years there has been an increase in the number of African immigrants interested in gaining permanent residence in the US. This has led to a severe brain drain on the economies of African countries due to many highly skilled professionals leaving Africa to seek their economic fortunes in the US and elsewhere.
|Ancestry||2000||2000 (% of US population)||2010||2010 (% of US population)|
|Nigerian||162,938||negligible (no data)||264,550||negligible (no data)|
|Egyptian||142,832||negligible (no data)||197,000||negligible (no data)|
|Cape Verdean||77,103||negligible (no data)||95,003||negligible (no data)|
|Ethiopian||68,001||negligible (no data)||202,715||negligible (no data)|
|Ghanaian||49,944||negligible (no data)||91,322||negligible (no data)|
|South African||44,991||negligible (no data)||57,491||negligible (no data)|
|Moroccan||38,923||negligible (no data)||82,073||negligible (no data)|
|Somali||36,313||negligible (no data)||120,102||negligible (no data)|
|Eritrean||18,917||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|Kenyan||17,336||negligible (no data)||51,749||negligible (no data)|
|Sudanese||14,458||negligible (no data)||42,249||negligible (no data)|
|Sierra Leonean||12,410||negligible (no data)||16,929||negligible (no data)|
|Algerian||8,752||negligible (no data)||14,716||negligible (no data)|
|Cameroonian||8,099||negligible (no data)||16,894||negligible (no data)|
|Senegalese||6,124||negligible (no data)||11,369||negligible (no data)|
|Congolese||More than 5,488||negligible (no data)||11,009||negligible (no data)|
|Tunisian||4,735||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|Ugandan||4,707||negligible (no data)||12,549||negligible (no data)|
|Zimbabwean||4,521||negligible (no data)||7,323||negligible (no data)|
|Ivorian||3,110||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|Gambian||3,035||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|Guinea||3,016||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|Libyan||2,979||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|Tanzanian||2,921||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|Malian||1,790||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|Togolese||1,716||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|Angolan||1,642||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|Zambian||1,500||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|Rwandan||1,480||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|"African"||1,183,316||negligible (no data)||1,676,413||negligible (no data)|
|"Western African"||6,810||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|"North African/Berber"||4,544 ("North Africans": 3,217; "Berbers":1,327)||negligible (no data)||negligible (no data)|
|TOTAL||940,000||0.2%||NA||NA|
Factors contributing to migration
One major factor that contributes to migration from Africa to the United States is inadequate planning of labor supply in certain African countries. This has led to an oversupply of specialized workers and a system that is incapable of supporting them. Furthermore, education in African countries tends to be modeled after educational sysions and are not very accommodating of local realities. Subsequently, it has been relatively easy for African immigrants to leave and enter international labor markets. In addition, many Africans come to the United States for advanced training. However, this tends to lead a training that is too specialized to be adequately used in their respective home countries. Since promotions in Africa are often based on seniority, young professionals eager to jumpstart their careers feel forced to migrate.
|Metropolitan area||African population||% of total metro population|
|Washington, DC, MD-VA-WV||80,281||1.6|
|New York, NY||73, 851||0.8|
|Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN||27,592||0.9|
|Greater Los Angeles Area||25,829||0.3|
|Dallas–Fort Worth, TX||19,134||0.5|
It is estimated that the current population of African immigrants to the United States is about 1.8 million. Countries with the most immigrants to the US are Nigeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Somalia, Eritrea, and Kenya. Seventy five percent (75%) of the African immigrants to the USA come from 12 of the 55 countries, namely Nigeria, Egypt, Ghana, Ethiopia, South Africa, Kenya, Liberia, Somalia, Morocco, Cape Verde, Sierra Leone and Sudan (including what is now the independent country of South Sudan), which is based on the 2000 census data.
Additionally, according to the US Census, 55% of immigrants from Africa are male, while 45% are female. Age groups with the largest cohort of African-born immigrants are 25-34, 35-44, and 45-54 with 24.5%, 27.9%, and 15.0% respectively.
Africans typically congregate in urban areas, moving to suburban areas over time. They are also one of the least likeliest groups to live in racially segregated areas. The goals of Africans vary tremendously. While some look to create new lives in the US, some plan on using the resources and skills gained to go back and help their countries of origin. Either way, African communities contribute millions to the economies of Africa through remittances.
Immigrants from Africa typically settle in heavily urban areas upon arrival into the US. Areas such as Washington, D.C., New York, Houston, Columbus, Ohio, Atlanta and Minneapolis have heavy concentrations of African immigrant populations. Often there are clusters of nationalities within these cities. The longer African immigrants live in the United States, the more likely they are to live in suburban areas.
African immigrants like many other immigrant groups are likely to establish and find success in small businesses. Many Africans that have seen the social and economic stability that comes from ethnic enclaves such as Chinatowns have recently been establishing ethnic enclaves of their own at much higher rates to reap the benefits of such communities. Such examples include Little Ethiopia in Los Angeles and Little Senegal in New York City.
African immigrants to the US are among the most educated groups in the United States. Some 48.9 percent of all African immigrants hold a college diploma. This is more than double the rate of native-born white Americans, and nearly four times the rate of native-born African Americans. According to the 2000 Census, the rate of college diploma acquisition is highest among Egyptian Americans at 59.7 percent, followed closely by Nigerian Americans at 58.6 percent.
In 1997, 19.4 percent of all adult African immigrants in the United States held a graduate degree, compared to 8.1 percent of adult white Americans and 3.8 percent of adult black Americans in the United States, respectively. According to the 2000 Census, the percentage of Africans with a graduate degree is highest among Nigerian Americans at 28.3 percent, followed by Egyptian Americans at 23.8 percent.
Of the African-born population in the US age 25 and older, 87.9% reported having a high school degree or higher, compared with 78.8% of Asian-born immigrants and 76.8% of European-born immigrants, respectively. Africans from Kenya (90.8 percent), Nigeria (89.1 percent), Ghana (85.9 percent), Botswana (84.7 percent), and Malawi (83 percent) were the most likely to report having a high school degree or higher.
American immigrants from predominantly black nations in Africa and South America are generally healthier than black immigrants from predominantly white nations in Europe. A study conducted by Jen’nan Ghazal Read, a sociology professor at the UC Irvine, and Michael O. Emerson, a sociology professor at Rice University, studied the health of more than 2,900 black immigrants from top regions of emigration: the West Indies, Africa, South America and Europe. Blacks born in Africa and South America have been shown to be healthier than American born Blacks.
African immigrants tend to retain their culture once in the United States. Instead of abandoning their various traditions, they find ways to reproduce and reinvent themselves. Cultural bonds are cultivated through shared ethnic or national affiliations. Some organizations like the Ghanaian group Fantse-Kuo and the Sudanese Association organize by country, region, or ethnic group. Other nonprofits like the Malawi Washington Association organize by national identity, and are inclusive of all Malawians. Other groups present traditional culture from a pan-African perspective. Using traditional skills and knowledge, African-born entrepreneurs develop services for immigrants and the community at large. In the Washington area, events such as the annual Ethiopian soccer tournament, institutions such as the AME Church African Liberation Ministry, and "friends" and "sister cities" organizations bring together different communities. The extent to which African immigrants engage in these activities naturally varies according to the population.
The religious traditions of African immigrants tend to be pluralistic; they are seen not only as religious institutions, but in many cases also as civic centers. These organizations are central to persevering ethnic identity among these communities. African immigrant religious communities are also central networks and provide services such as counseling, shelter, employment, financial assistance, health services, and real estate tips.
African immigrants practice a diverse array of religions, including Christianity, Islam, and various traditional faiths. Of these adherents, the largest number are Pentecostals/Charismatic Christians. This form of Christianity is a "primarily evangelical, born-again Pentecostal sect that emphasizes holiness, fervent prayer, charismatic revival, proximate salvation, speaking in tongues, baptism of the Holy Spirit, faith healing, visions, and divine revelations."
Among popular denominational churches are the Brotherhood of the Cross and Star, Seventh Day Adventist Church, Celestial Church of Christ, Cherubim and Seraphim, Christ Apostolic Church, Church of Pentecost, Deeper Life Bible Church, Mountain of Fire and Miracle Ministries (MFM), the Presbyterian Church of Ghana, the Redeemed Christian Church of God and Christ Embassy.
Additionally, Ethiopians and Eritreans have their own churches wherever there is a significant Ethiopian or Eritrean population. Their churches are mainly Ethiopian or Eritrean Orthodox and a few Catholic churches.
Continental African churches
Many African communities have created their own churches in the United States modeled on continental African churches. One example is the Bethel Church in Silver Spring, Maryland, which has a Pan-African congregation. It also conducts services in English and French. Many African churches are Pan-African, but some consist only of nationals from the country of origin. This allows for worship in the native languages of the congregation.
Muslim immigrants from nations in Africa adhere to diverse Islamic traditions. These include various Sunni, Shia and Sufi mainstream orders and schools (madhhab) from West Africa, the Swahili Coast, the Indian Ocean islands, the Horn of Africa and North Africa.
Many local cable channels are now purchasing programming channels operated by various African communities. For example, Channel Africa is now available in some TV networks in the US. The channel is a showcase for outstanding travel, lifestyle and cultural series, specials and documentaries. These programs feature people of African descent and their stories.
The network's premiere on September 1, 2005, marked a milestone in US television history. For the first time, American audiences were able to experience the successes, celebrations and challenges of people living throughout Africa and the Diaspora, all via a general entertainment network. The network is broadcast in the US through national distribution deals with the largest cable MSOs in the country, including Comcast, Time Warner, and Cox. The Africa Channel is also available in Jamaica, the Bahamas, Trinidad & Tobago, St. Lucia, Barbados, Bermuda, Grenada and other islands in the Caribbean. Partners include former United Nations Ambassador Andrew Young and his company, GoodWorks International; NBA stars Dikembe Mutombo and Theo Ratliff; Williams Group Holdings; and former US Senator Donald Stewart.
TV news services such as the Nigerian Television Authority, South African Broadcasting Channel and Ethiopian Television Programming are also available in some areas.
Nigerian Nollywood films and Ghanaian films can now be rented or purchased from Nigerian and Ghanaian stores and the like in Africa. They are very popular among Africans in the US from many different countries.
Immigrants from Africa have opened restaurants in urban areas. The DC and NYC Metro areas host many eateries belonging to the Nigerian, Senegalese, Liberian, Ethiopian, Kenyan, South African and other communities.
Notable African academics in the US include full tenured professors at the nation's top universities, including, at MIT, Elfatih A.B. Eltahir from Sudan; at Caltech, 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Winner Ahmed Zewail from Egypt; at Yale, professor Lamin Sanneh from Gambia; at Pennsylvania State University, professor Augustin Banyaga, from Rwanda; at Harvard, professors Jacob Olupona, from Nigeria, Barack Obama Sr. from Kenya, Emmanuel K. Akyeampong from Ghana, Biodun Jeyifo from Nigeria, and John Mugane from Kenya; and at Princeton, Adel Mahmoud from Egypt, Wole Soboyejo from Nigeria, Simon Gikandi from Kenya, V. Kofi Agawu from Ghana, and Kwame Anthony Appiah from Ghana.
In the arts, Academy Award-winning actress Charlize Theron and Grammy Award-winning musician Dave Matthews, both white South Africans; and two-time Academy Award-nominated actor Djimon Hounsou and Grammy-winning musician Angelique Kidjo, both from Benin; and recently Lupita Nyong'o and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, are most notable.
Notable African immigrants
The following is a list of notable African nationals who have immigrated to and now at least partially reside in the US.
Academia and science
- Claude Ake, Nigerian, professor at Yale University
- Emmanuel K. Akyeampong, Ghanaian, Professor of History at Harvard University
- Kwame Anthony Appiah, British-born Ghanaian national, half Ghanaian and half British, philosopher and writer, Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University, 2012 National Humanities Medal winner
- Augustin Banyaga, Rwandan, professor at Pennsylvania State University
- Kwabena Boahen, Ghanaian, Professor of Bioengineering, Stanford University
- Kitaw Ejigu, Ethiopian, former NASA chief engineer
- Mohammed Adam El-Sheikh, Sudanese, executive director of the Fiqh Council of North America
- Bisi Ezerioha, Nigerian, automotive engineer, racecar driver and industrialist
- Simon Gikandi, Kenyan, professor at Princeton University
- Sossina M. Haile, Ethiopian, fuel cell engineer
- Fatima Jibrell, Somali, environmentalist
- Abdul Kallon, Sierra Leonean, US District Judge for the Northern District of Alabama
- Ave Kludze, Ghanaian, Senior NASA Spacecraft Systems Engineer
- Nawal M. Nour, Sudanese, obstetrician and gynecologist, 2003 Genius Award winner
- John Ogbu, Nigerian, professor at University of California at Berkeley
- Niyi Osundare, Nigerian, professor at University of New Orleans
- Said Sheikh Samatar, Somali, historian
- Lamin Sanneh, Gambian, professor at Yale University
- Jem Spectar, Cameroonian, President of the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown
- Victor Ukpolo, Nigerian, Chancellor of Southern University at New Orleans
- Kwasi Wiredu, Ghanaian, Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy at the Department of Philosophy in the University of South Florida
- Ahmed Zewail, Egyptian, winner of 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry; professor at California Institute of Technology
TV and film
- Cynthia Addai-Robinson, Ghanaian
- Michael Blackson, Ghanaian, actor and comedian
- Monica Owusu-Breen, Ghanaian, American TV producer and screenwriter; work includes Lost, Brothers & Sisters, Alias and Fringe
- Akosua Busia, Ghanaian, played Nettie in Academy-Award-nominated film The Color Purple
- Edi Gathegi, Kenyan
- Djimon Hounsou, Beninese, two-time Academy Award-nominated actor
- Peter Mensah, Ghanaian
- Lupita Nyong'o, Kenyan
- Omar Sharif, Egyptian, Golden Globe-winning actor
- Cliff Simon, South African
- Charlize Theron, South African, Academy Award-winning actress
- Arnold Vosloo, South African
- Gale Agbossoumonde, Togo by way of Benin, soccer
- Kevin Anderson, South Africa, tennis
- Joshua Clottey, Ghanaian, professional boxer
- Luol Deng, South Sudanese, NBA basketball
- Ebenezer Ekuban, Ghanaian, NFL football
- Festus Ezeli, Nigerian, NBA basketball
- Serge Ibaka, Republic of the Congo, NBA basketball
- Meb Keflezighi, Eritrean, runner
- Kofi Kingston, Ghanaian, professional wrestling
- Mathias Kiwanuka, Ugandan, NFL Football
- Nana Kuffour, Ghanaian, soccer
- Bernard Lagat, Kenyan, runner
- Luc Mbah a Moute, Cameroonian, NBA basketball
- Dikembe Mutombo, D.R. Congo, NBA basketball
- Danny Mwanga, D.R. Congo, soccer player
- Betty Okino, Ugandan, gymnastics
- Amobi Okoye, Nigerian, football player
- Hakeem Olajuwon, Nigerian, NBA basketball player
- Henry Rono, Kenyan, professional runner
- Robbie Russell, Ghanaian, soccer player
- Tony Tchani, Cameroonian, soccer player
- Hasheem Thabeet, Tanzanian, NBA basketball player
- Jean-Pierre Tokoto, Cameroonian, soccer player
- Masai Ujiri, Nigerian, NBA basketball (general manager)
- Madieu Williams, Sierra Leonean, NFL football player
- Gedion Zelalem, Ethiopian, soccer player
- Roelof Botha, South African, former Chief Financial Officer of PayPal
- Kase Lukman Lawal, Nigerian, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, CAMAC Holdings
- Elon Musk, South African, co-founder of PayPal, SpaceX and Tesla Motors; CEO and CTO of SpaceX; CEO and Product Architect of Tesla Motors; Chairman of SolarCity
- Amsale Aberra, Ethiopian, fashion designer
- Iman, Somali, fashion and cosmetics entrepreneur; former supermodel
- Kiara Kabukuru, Ugandan, supermodel
- Liya Kebede, Ethiopian, supermodel, actress and philanthropist
- Nana Meriwether, South African-born, half South African and half African American, Miss Maryland USA 2012, Miss USA 2012 first runner-up
- Oluchi Onweagba, Nigerian, model
- Alek Wek, South Sudanese, supermodel and designer
Journalism and literature
- Chimamanda Adichie, Nigerian, author; winner of 2008 MacArthur Fellowship "Genius Grant", 2007 Orange Prize and 2005 Commonwealth Writer's Prize
- Selamawi Asgedom, Ethiopian and Eritrean, author
- Folasade Olayinka Baderinwa, known professionally as Sade Baderinwa
- Teju Cole, Nigerian-American, novelist, writer, photographer and art historian
- Dinaw Mengestu, Ethiopian, author
- Charles Mudede, Zimbabwean, filmmaker and film critic
- Micere Mugo, Kenyan, poet and writer
- "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
- Yoku Shaw-Taylor, Steven A. Tuch, The other African Americans: contemporary African and Caribbean immigrants in the United States, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7425-4088-0.
- David E. Kyoso, Immigrants in the United States, (Godfrey Mwakikagile: 2010), p.110.
- [Bashi, V. (2004, July 4). Globalizing Anti-Blackness: Transnationalzing Western Immigration law, policy and practice. Retrieved May 1, 2010, from Ethnic and Racial Studies: http://www.arts.yorku.ca/soci/goldring/4390/readings/pdf/bashi_globalized_anti-blackness.pdf]
- George Mason University. (1998). Who was Shut Out?: Immigration Quotas, 1925-1927. Retrieved May 1, 2010, from History Matters: http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5078/
- "Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000". US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
- "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
- "CITIZENSHIP STATUS IN THE UNITED STATES: Total population in the United States. 2006–2010 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables.". US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
- "PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES, Universe: Foreign-born population excluding population born at sea, 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- Apraku, K. K. (1991). African Emigres in the United States: A Missing Link in Africa's Social and Economic Development. New York: Praeger.
- (Apraku, 1991)
- Anderson, Monica (2 November 2015). "African immigrant population in U.S. steadily climbs". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
- Otiso, Kefa (11 June 2007). "African Immigrants a Successful Bunch, But Not Overall". MShale news. Archived from the original on 22 June 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- US Census Bureau - People Born in Africa
- Logan, John; Deane, Glenn (15 August 2003). "Black Diversity in Metropolitan America". Lewis Mumford Center. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- "How African-Americans and African Immigrants Differ". The Globalist. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- "African immigrants hope for a Chicago community of their own". Chicago Tribune. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- African Immigrants in the United States are the Nation's Most Highly Educated Group. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 26 (Winter, 1999-2000), pp. 60-61 doi:10.2307/2999156
- "Table FBP-1. Profile of Selected Demographic and Social Characteristics:2000; Population Universe: People Born in Nigeria; Geographic Area: United States" (PDF). census.gov.
- "Table FBP-1. Profile of Selected Demographic and Social Characteristics:2000; Population Universe: People Born in Egypt; Geographic Area: United States" (PDF). census.gov.
- African Immigrants in the United States have the highest rate of education. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 26 (Winter, 1999-2000), pp. 60-61 doi:10.2307/2999156
- "Demographics and Statistics of Immigrants : Asian-Nation :: Asian American History, Demographics, & Issues". Asian-Nation. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
- Characteristics of the African Born in the United States. Migration Policy Institute. January, 2006
- Dixon, D. (2006). Characteristics of the African Born in the United States. Migration Policy Institute. January, 2006
- "Black immigrants from Africa arrive healthier than those from Europe: From MedicineWorld.Org". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- Today@UCI: Press Releases:
- "Project MUSE - Login". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- Olupona, J. K., & Gemignani, R. (Eds.). (2007). African Immigrant Religion in America. New York: New York University Press.
- Malawi Washington Association
- (Olupona & Gemignani, 2007)
- "Eltahir CV". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- "Welcome". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- "Jacob K. Olupona". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- Princeton University. "Adel Mahmoud". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- Princeton University. "Soboyejo — Princeton University — Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- "COMPARATIVE LITERATURE". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- Princeton University. "Display Person - The Department of Music at Princeton University - Display Person". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- "Princeton University - Appiah awarded National Humanities Medal". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- "Kwabena Boahen". Stanford.edu. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
- "Faculty - Department of Bioengineering - Stanford University School of Medicine and School of Engineering". Bioengineering.stanford.edu. 2008-06-20. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
- "Leader Named at Mosque". Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- "Abdul Kallon". Fjc.gov. Retrieved 2015-07-14.
- "A CONVERSATION WITH/NAWAL NOUR; A Life Devoted to Stopping The Suffering of Mutilation", The New York Times, Claudia Dreifus, July 11, 2000
- President of the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown
- "Kwasi Wiredu". Usf.edu. Retrieved 2015-07-14.
- "More on Miss USA Maryland Nana Meriwether". tribunedigital-baltimoresun. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
- "Nana Meriwether, Sidwell Friends grad, is first runner-up at Miss USA (updated)". The Washington Post. 4 June 2012. | <urn:uuid:cfb04b25-3837-4281-9004-ee5e11c29ac9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_immigration_to_the_United_States | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00160-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.883095 | 6,782 | 3.375 | 3 |
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