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Today’s reagent is probably a bit on the obscure side, but it solves a useful problem. Lithium tri tert-butoxy aluminum hydride is lot like lithium aluminum hydride, but with a difference. Like lithium aluminum hydride, it’s a reducing agent. As a source of hydride, it will form carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Unlike lithium aluminum hydride, which is kind of a raging beast, reducing everything in sight, LiAlH[OC(CH3)3]3 is a lot more controlled. First of all, it only has one hydride to give, unlike LiAlH4, so it’s a lot easier to control the reaction using stoichiometry. Secondly, those big bulky tert-butoxy groups (that’s -OC(CH3)3) help to modulate (i.e. slow down) the reactivity of the reagent. They’re kind of like a fat suit around aluminum that ensure that the hydride can’t fit into tight spaces.
So what’s it used for? One big thing. It will reduce acid chlorides to aldehydes, and stop there. This is a big deal, because aldehydes are very reactive species themselves, easily reduced to alcohols. So if you use just 1 equivalent of the reagent, you’ll end up with one equivalent of the aldehyde. And aldehydes can themselves be used in all kinds of useful applications.
This serves as a way to indirectly reduce carboxylic acids to aldehydes: you can convert the carboxylic acid to an acid chloride using something like SOCl2 or PCl3, and then reduce the acid chloride to the aldehyde with LiAlH[OC(CH3)3]3 .
So how does it work? It’s pretty straightforward actually. Just like with NaBH4, the hydride from Al–H adds to the carbonyl carbon of the acid chloride, breaking the C–O π bond and forming a tetrahedral intermediate. If you’ve covered carbonyl chemistry at all, you should recognize this step as The Most Important Mechanistic Step in Carbonyl Chemistry – the 1,2-addition. Then, we’ve got this negatively charged oxygen which can then come down and re-form the C-O π bond, expelling the chloride ion (Cl-) in the process. This is the 2nd Most Important Mechanistic Step in Carbonyl Chemistry, called the 1,2-elimination. And that’s it.
Note that in the end the other products that are formed are lithium chloride and Al[OC(CH3)3]3. If you’re not careful about the number of equivalents of the reagent, it will add to the aldehyde too. But here we’re generally assuming that you’re careful.
P.S. You can read about the chemistry of CH2N2 and more than 80 other reagents in undergraduate organic chemistry in the “Organic Chemistry Reagent Guide”, available here as a downloadable PDF. The Reagents App is also available for iPhone, click on the icon below! | <urn:uuid:37419f30-fc32-4bd8-b99e-8e72e937555d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.masterorganicchemistry.com/2011/11/11/reagent-friday-lialhocch333/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.881908 | 694 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Student or Learner
Should countries not isolate themselves from the world but instead engage
It is my believe that the countries should collaborate among themselves and not be isolated. To achieve the development it is necessary cooperation to achieve a solution for many social issues that affect us in a global way. As Ernst B. Haas asserts: the need for collaboration arises from the recognition of the excessive cost of self-reliance at the national level.
In the current days, globalization seems to introduce us to a world of interconnections where the problems that emerge in a very far place on the planet can affect us. Collaboration among states appears as the solution to cope with the social issues which emerge from the farthest part of the globe. Making more possible the achievement of development in other countries. The proof lies in the fact of the greater amount between governments are related to welfare and wealth.
Furthermore, we can see a global agenda for developed and developing countries to aim better conditions in trade, welfare and social rights. Likewise, this makes compulsory the openness of the boundaries of the nation states, in other words, not been isolated from this process of cooperation and collaboration.
Many international and supranational agencies, required the participation of the states to solve global issues, the most recognizable is the United Nations Organization, this organization makes worthy effort to deal with the global social problem that strokes the societies. I would like to highlight the enact of the “millennium goals”, this global agenda aims the achieve basic standards in the nations to solve poverty, starvations, and habitability problems.
Therefore, diplomacy is an important feature in the globalization, any country must a have a good diplomatic corps to deal with great management, the relation with other governments and organizations.
In conclusion, countries should have their boundaries open to obtain the benefit of the collaboration among the countries, but at the same time in relation with the supranational and international organization. Helping them each other the countries would be more prepared to cope with different social issues stated above. | <urn:uuid:a002e9fb-5490-4de1-8251-29578c80aee3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/185128-Writing-exercise-for-the-TOEFL-(no-homework) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00479-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940002 | 414 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Oxidation is an irreversible chemical chain reaction in which oxygen combines with fat to cause the fat to become rancid. Oxidation is triggered by exposure to light, temperature and the presence of metal ions. These produce free radicals which then react with oxygen to produce peroxides which are converted to hydroperoxides resulting in secondary oxidation products like aldehydes and ketones. This process is repeated until the destruction of the fat molecule is complete. The primary products of oxidation are hydroperoxides, which have no odor or taste. Secondary oxidation components such as carbonyl derivatives, like aldehydes and ketones, produce a strong odor which is easily detectable in rancid feed or raw materials.
Feed quality can be compromised when fat turns rancid. Oxidized fat may:
Antioxidants stabilize fat and maintain feed quality by delaying oxidation. Antioxidants accomplish this by sacrificing themselves to quench the free radicals before the fat or vitamin molecules can be attacked. For the best efficacy and protection, an antioxidant system should be utilized and should contain a combination of the following:
The Kemin antioxidant systems approach provides the best blend of antioxidants specifically formulated for the protection of your feeds and fats.
ENDOX™ is a blend of ethoxyquin (EQ), with Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and/or Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), as well as chelating agents. ENDOX™ Dry is formulated specifically to protect finished feeds, while ENDOX™ 5X was developed by Kemin scientists for application into a vitamin premix.
Kemin’s antioxidant products are composed of a synergistic blend of different antioxidants to target different stages in the oxidation cycle. ENDOX™ is a combination of an inert carrier that has been coated with a synergistic blend of synthetic antioxidants and chelators. With this combination, Kemin’s antioxidant system provides adequate distribution of the active components throughout your feed mixture.
As a global leader in both natural and synthetic antioxidants for rendering and animal feed production, Kemin takes great pride in the fact many of the world’s leading rendering companies and animal feed manufacturers trust us with their antioxidant stabilization programs. When customers partner with Kemin, they find significant value in the benefits that we provide, including:
When you use ENDOX™, you get more than a great antioxidant. Partnering with Kemin means you receive the full expertise and support of the Kemin In-house Services and Support Team, ensuring you receive the freshness protection you need. Your Kemin Technical Support Team includes:
With 50 years of research and experience in the animal feed industry, Kemin provides you proven products, technical expertise and laboratory support. Ask your Kemin representative on any of our antioxidant products best suited to your feedstuff, storage conditions, and manufacturing processes. | <urn:uuid:53e4c41c-bdbf-4bf8-8668-db65e32e842c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kemin.com/ap/en/markets/animal/products/endox | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.907691 | 589 | 1.984375 | 2 |
The National Home Front Project is honored to collaborate with organizations across the country to record and preserve World War II civilian narratives. Through our community partnership program, our staff provides guidance and resources for those who wish to conduct World War II oral histories or be interviewed themselves. We also help archive existing oral history collections and make them further accessible to the public. We work with senior citizen groups, schools, public libraries, archives, museums, community organizations, and more! Please see our partner pages below for further information.
We’d love to hear from individuals and organizations that would like to join this effort. We’re also gathering names of potential interviewees nationwide, as well as information on existing World War II oral histories. Please contact program staff at firstname.lastname@example.org to learn more about the many ways to collaborate with our project. | <urn:uuid:3ad6b1a6-378d-4aa5-a5b5-95f02d71305c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nationalhomefrontproject.org/partners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.931335 | 172 | 1.789063 | 2 |
4 Ways To Make Your Website More Inclusive[Approximate Reading Time : 4 mins]
You know by now that the ADA requires your website to be accessible, meaning that there should be no obstacles preventing a user from freely navigating your site. It must be easily used and understood by anyone with a physical or socio-economic disability. However, do you realize that accessibility does not necessarily mean inclusivity? Read on for ways to make sure you welcome all visitors to your website with thoughtful, inclusive design.
1. Make All Users Equal
Accessibility can mean providing an alternative method, such as video, audio or larger text, as an option for those who need it. It is essentially an opt-in to go to a separate version of the site. This is exclusive, isolating those who must choose a different site. Inclusive design not only embraces and welcomes all users, but it also saves time, money and effort with only one website that is easily read, heard or navigated by any visitor.
2. Use a Streamlined Layout and Font
A staggering 14.5 to 43.5 million people have dyslexia, representing 5-15% of Americans. Design a website that is inclusive for these and other users by using larger fonts, keeping plenty of whitespace between words, providing responsive fonts and utilizing a consistent layout to keep your pages readable for everyone.
3. Employ High Color Contrast
The WCAG outlines a minimum color contrast ratio for the approximately 285 million people with visual disabilities. Using color contrast analyzers can measure the contract ratios. Be sure to use one that simulates the effect of contrast for different levels of color blindness as well, and consider using symbols for those who can’t distinguish color at all. By optimizing the color contrast, you enhance the readability for every user and include those with visual disabilities.
4. Assist Users With Input Errors
Make your website easy to use for everyone by anticipating ways that visitors to the site, particularly ones with motor impairments, could cause an error. Use autocorrect and autocomplete to minimize the keystrokes required to fill out forms. Clearly describe the input fields with form labels, including expected formats. Verify that error messages are clear and respectful and explain how to address the problem.
This is by no means an exhaustive list for inclusive design. Instead, it is intended to prompt you to consider how to homogenize the user experience for every type of user. When you want to ensure that your website provides an optimal experience for every user, contact Amnet for a full range of accessibility services to welcome every type of visitor to your site. | <urn:uuid:f28568c0-4050-41a5-997f-6d1ca0ac5222> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://accessibility.amnetsystems.in/2020/04/08/4-ways-make-website-more-inclusive-accessibility/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.924291 | 540 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Opinion: Pros and cons
This political season has, as expected, proven to have more of a half-life than a dirty bomb. And, many find themselves in an endless loop of angry social media posts and aspersions cast by both friends and relatives. Well, such is the nature of our civic experiment. The Founders faced it. And we do, too. Their commitment to political activism, if failed, led to lifelong imprisonment, loss of worldly assets, or execution. So, we can rest in firm confidence that our burden has been carried before – yet, it was at significantly greater personal risk.
Still, we are confronted with our own challenges. It seems that all issues have been subdivided – all too neatly – into camps. Are we pros or cons? Regardless of the complexity of the matter, our elected officials, media elites, and academics have asserted that one must be either pro or con. But, how do we know our own stripes? Aren’t these issues more nuanced than can be neatly labeled and segregated? Can one be both pro-trade and con-exchange? Can one be pro-immigration and at the same time con-illegal action?
Please understand that there is no intended secret code directed at the reader. Can one be a stalwart when the opposing view is also, at least from some perspective, a view that is widely held? For purposes of vote-getting and the cold pursuit of power, have we minimized important issues to the point that they have lost their core, fundamental question? The duality of we humans necessarily leads to complex questions. At once, we hope for a perfect world and live in one that is all too imperfect. Shouldn’t our rhetoric reflect this inherent conflict? Are we pro-con and con-pro? If we understand the complication of the issues, wouldn’t we be able to find a bit more patience for those still measuring the alternatives? | <urn:uuid:fd53edd5-ca22-40fe-9313-396579887b97> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://currentincarmel.com/opinion-pros-and-cons | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00484-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959105 | 396 | 2.03125 | 2 |
New Cancer Treatment Brings Hope in 2001
New Cancer Treatment Brings Hope in 2001 by Liza Jane Maltin
On May 10 2001, FDA approved a new drug known as Gleevec (formerly St1- 571) for successfully treating cancer of the white blood cells known as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and a rare form of cancer that affects the stomach and intestines called gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
E-pasta adrese, uz kuru nosūtīt darba saiti:
Saite uz darbu: | <urn:uuid:92005a2a-a9cb-47be-a2b0-59fb63d85c24> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.atlants.lv/konspekts/new-cancer-treatment-brings-hope-in-2001/366341/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00298-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.783653 | 123 | 1.59375 | 2 |
As the President of the United States noodles around Cuba, opening up relations and trade for the first time in half a century, one obvious obstacle to progress sticks out: Fidel Castro is still alive, and his brother, Raoul, still runs a one-party state.
It is worth reminding Americans how desperately socialism in Cuba requires repressive one-party rule. Sometimes folks forget. As Bernie Sanders pushes a “democratic socialism,” we should wonder where he and his Sandernistas stand on Cuba’s brand of socialism, i.e. without the democratic part.
Months ago, an old 1985 video surfaced of Bernie Sanders, then mayor of Burlington, Vermont, back from trips to Nicaragua and Cuba. Frankly, I agreed with his opposition to U.S. intervention in Central America. But Bernie also praised the Cuban government, asserting that Cubans were not “against Fidel Castro” because “he educated their kids, gave their kids health care, totally transformed society.”
He did not mention what Fidel didn’t give, indeed, would not allow: opportunity, progress, autonomy, freedom, democracy . . . the list is long.
Cubans who speak out are arrested, imprisoned.
Bernie did add: “Not to say Fidel Castro and Cuba are perfect.” But failed to make any mention of the total political repression of democratic activity.
The necessity of violence to establish socialism should be obvious. Even Bernie’s so-called “non-violent” supporters engage in raucous, invasive protests against Trump, and litter Twitter with indecent talk of assassinating the Republican front-runner.
What would they do with official power?
Are they committed to democracy as a process, really? Or to their programs alone?
Programs that rely upon mass expropriation and strong-arming governance. No matter what Sanders says about “love.”
This is Common Sense. I’m Paul Jacob.
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Also, please consider showing your appreciation by dropping something in our tip jar (this link will take you to the Citizens in Charge donation page… and your contribution will go to the support of the Common Sense website). Maintaining this site takes time and money. Your help in spreading the message of common sense and liberty is very much appreciated! | <urn:uuid:1a742f3e-37d5-4b4d-92f5-ac8c03efea95> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://thisiscommonsense.com/2016/03/22/one-party-socialism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00149-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939065 | 518 | 1.695313 | 2 |
"Our preliminary reports indicate that three police officers were injured, but not seriously," Towe Hägg from Stockholm police told AFP. She did not know how the injuries occurred.
About 100 members of the neo-Nazi Party of the Swedes had gathered Saturday in the centre of the Swedish capital, holding speeches and parading along the waterfront.
Thousands of Stockholmers gathered to protest against the neo-Nazis. The rally took place behind a massive police cordon, set up to prevent direct contact between the neo-Nazis and the anti-Nazi protesters.
While the protesters were unable to break through the police barrier, they hurled bottles, bricks and fireworks across the security fence.
One demontrator was taken to the hospital by ambulance, although police did not clarify for press how he had been injured.
Fifteen people were apprehended , reportedly for violating anti-mask laws. In Sweden it is illegal to wear a mask preventing identification at demonstration which disturbs public peace.
The anti-Nazi protest was also so loud that at times it almost drowned out the Neo-Nazi speakers.
At another anti-Nazi demonstration in the southern Swedish city of Malmö last weekend, a number of protesters were injured when mounted police charged into the crowd.
The Party of the Swedes is recruiting its members mainly with an appeal to restrict immigration, but it attracts only a tiny proportion of Swedes.
The party garnered 681 votes out of the 5.8 million cast in the most recent parliamentary elections in 2010. | <urn:uuid:af8fadc1-9276-4b9a-b569-3230160114e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thelocal.se/20140831/three-police-injured-in-stockholm-anti-nazi-protest-sweden/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.974034 | 309 | 1.625 | 2 |
Every year, tech enthusiasts look forward to the annual Consumer Electronic Show (CES) event in Las Vegas, which kicks off the year’s expo circuit with a massive 170,000 attendees and 4,400 exhibitors all talking about the latest tech. This year’s event again featured a heavy focus on healthcare products, as connected health devices continue to proliferate and further evolve healthcare from a strictly doctor’s office phenomenon to home-based engagement.
The growth of these devices can help drive awareness of not only connected health capabilities among patient populations, but can also help drive patient engagement and their awareness of their health and wellness needs, which can ultimately help reduce the burden on physicians and the healthcare system. In addition, the data recorded by many of these devices can help support population health and value-based care models that are becoming increasingly popular.
While new devices target many patient populations, many target a growing elderly population with the goal of making it easier for them to cope with conditions and live more comfortably in their home environments, avoiding repeated physician or hospital visits.
Here are a few of the digital health devices that were introduced at CES 2020:
- AARP Innovation Lab continues to develop applications designed to allow people to lead better lives as they age. This includes an app for VRHealth’s platform that allows stroke victims to leverage VR for home-based physical therapy. AARP has also partnered with Sana Health on a wearable device that uses light and sound pulses for neurowave stimulation to relieve chronic pain.
- Aidar Health has created MouthLab to help deliver precision medicine. The device gathers more than 10 different health statistics through the mouth in less than one minute to deliver real-time feedback and actionable health intelligence, including early disease detection for timely intervention.
- MedWand helps bring out the most in telehealth visits, giving patients a tool to measure nearly all health statistics and transmit them to physicians. The device can measure heart and respiratory rates, blood oxygen level, and temperature; listen to the heart, lungs, and abdomen; conduct ECGs; look inside the nose, throat, mouth and ears; and inspect skin surfaces.
- A new blood pressure monitoring system from Valencell using photoplethysmography (PPG) has been designed to integrate with wearable devices. The calibration-free, cuff-less technology makes blood pressure monitoring available through devices patients use every day, like earbuds. The company is working with partner Sonion to put the technology into hearing aids.
- Grapheal, a French company, has a smart wound patch that records statistics from chronic wounds so patients and physicians can monitor healing progress. Infections or other irregularities can be relayed to physicians for early intervention to reduce complications.
- The latest version of OMRON Healthcare’s HeartGuide is a wearable blood pressure monitor improves on the original version launched at last year’s CES by moving from an arm cuff style to a smart watch form factor that includes precision testing, fitness tracking, sleep monitoring, while also connecting to mobile devices for notifications. It also released an upper arm wearable blood pressure monitor with integrated EKG.
- Dutch firm Reducept is looking to help patients better manage their chronic pain. Its virtual reality-based app hopes to train chronic pain patients to manage their conditions by helping them understand how their brains and bodies react to pain and what actions provide relief.
- NovaSight is taking lazy eye treatment into the 21st century with its CureSight product, which provides tailored treatment using artificial intelligence and data analytics. The system also reports progress back to care givers and physicians.
- Hoping to help reduce the number of injuries resulting from falls – which could cost patients, insurance provides, and Medicare/Medicaid more than $67 billion this year – WELT has developed a smart belt that uses sensor data to calculate fall risk and alert wearers or other caregivers when gait patterns become unstable.
These are only a sample of the connected health devices that were on display at CES 2020, but the message is clear: Connected Health is here to stay, and digital technology is making it easier for patients to become more involved in their own healthcare while allowing them to manage their conditions more conveniently in the context of their daily lives.
To learn more about how connected health is enabling more convenient care and helping reduce the burden on the healthcare system, visit us here. | <urn:uuid:f6acfc2d-5dac-4b91-953d-ce2b3c7592e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.trapollo.com/industry-events/ces-2020-proves-connected-health-is-the-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.954454 | 903 | 2.046875 | 2 |
There has been a lot of talk about the banning and unbanning of the Reduced Shakespeare Company’s performance of The Bible; The Complete Word Of God (abridged) in Newtownabbey; probably too much talk. So why does this blog talk more? Well, I would rather the talk had been about something else. Instead of many of being embarrassed, in the same way that we were when my home council of Ballymena banned the Electric Light Orchestra some twenty years ago, I would rather be talking about what Jesus is for rather than what he might be against! When people get in front of the Word of God, I as a Christian love that idea. More of it! It brings God into conversations. It allows God’s Spirit to become involved too. I remember as a teenage atheist, and pretty anti God, listening to Billy Connolly’s 16 minute comedy piece on The Crucifixion. At the time, I found it hilarious but even then I felt there were moments when it was more than close to the bone. However, it made Jesus real to me and put me in front of that cross. It was not Connolly’s intention to preach, it might even have been his intention to make fun of Christianity, but God cannot be mocked as the Scriptures tell us. Indeed in Paul’s letter to the Philippians he writes about people preaching the Gospel for dubious reasons and claims that he doesn’t mind what the reasons are as long as it is preached.
The Reduced Shakespeare Company on the other hand are not about mocking or trying to be anti anything. As their name suggests they began as a way to honour, in an imaginative, humorous and popular way, the works of William Shakespeare. You didn’t find the literary world campaigning to get them banned. It was a strategic way to bring literature to an audience who might not ever have been exposed to such great work before. A quick investigation of the raison d’être of this Theatre Company should ease the Christian’s mind that they are not out to get us. Indeed, we should feel the honoured, and realise how highly regarded our Scriptures are.
An understanding of those Scriptures would also inform us that we need to be careful about what we define as irreverent, another accusation aimed at the play. We can too easily see God as some Victorian age middle class prude. The Scriptures are far from that. Not only is the central message of the New Testament that God moved into our very earthy neighbourhoods but The Bible has people relieving themselves, the produce of bodily functions often mentioned, the naked female anatomy erotically described. God is not at all queasy about such stuff and really doesn’t need us protecting him from things we think he might needs his eyes closed to.
In the end I go back to putting God back in the conversations. When The Bible or Jesus is portrayed in art, it does not need to be theologically perfect to be of use. I didn’t watch the The Last Temptation of Christ movie for many years as a result of it being banned. When I did finally see it I was fascinated by the theological issues it raised and the ultimate message that Christ had to die for the hope of the world. As a Presbyterian minister, that is the message I am eager to reach the world with and if a play or a film can open up such ideas and lead people to think or converse about such Christian truth I would prefer to fund it rather than trying to have it banned! The arts have a way to open up people’s souls that theological books, Sunday sermons and Tent missions often times can’t! Indeed the artistic nature of the literature of The Bible has more in common with The Reduced Shakespeare Company than it has with a theologian or preacher.
Two final side issues. In our new multicultural society, let us not complain when Christians are censored for having a Bible verse on their work van or when Christ is taken out of Christmas and then try to censor other rights of expression! And more interestingly, The Bible; The Complete Word Of God (abridged) had not sold too many tickets before the publicity over the ban. Reinstated, it sold out! It reminded me of the story of a Dublin sex shop in the early 90s that could not get any advertising on Dublin radio or any of the press. A quick letter to a Church headquarters brought a protest outside the store and within a few days they were front page news! They got their publicity! When Jesus told his disciples that we should be wise as serpents and gentle as doves he was using the very humour that The Reduced Shakespeare Company use BUT he wasn’t joking! | <urn:uuid:12eae31b-2700-4f1e-84f4-18f724434f1f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://stocki.typepad.com/soulsurmise/2014/01/stocki-surmises-the-banning-of-the-reduced-shakespeare-companys-word-of-god-abridged.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975569 | 972 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Newquay Community Orchard
Newquay Community Orchard is a multifunctional community space designed to improve people’s perception on the environment whilst providing education; mental health therapy and food security.
The orchard is set in 7 acres of land in the heart of Newquay. The site is currently under construction with the help of volunteers and since January 2015 we have planted over 500 woodland trees and heritage Cornish fruit trees. We also have a community growing space with multiple beds where we have planted a variety of vegetables, fruits and herbs. The site uses forest gardening techniques and principles and organic growing methods. Site plans also include two amphitheaters for events and a community building and cafe using sustainable building methods. | <urn:uuid:89af27ea-9161-424f-83bf-65625b79cfb8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.permaculture.org.uk/people-projects-places/project/newquay-community-orchard | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.951211 | 147 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Who are refugees?
In Canada, there are different types of refugees:
Protected persons - former refugee claimants whose claim has been accepted by the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. Protected persons are formally recognized by the Government of Canada and can apply for permanent residence.
Resettled refugees - arrive in Canada as through different resettlement programs (i.e. Government-Assisted Refugees Program, Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program, or blended support between government and private sponsors programs). Resettled refugees have Permanent Resident status as soon as they arrive in Canada.
As a refugee, you can:
- Receive limited health coverage under the Interim Federal Health Program, including some pre-departure medical services
- Receive free public healthcare through the Ontario Health Insurance Program (OHIP) after arriving in Ontario as a resettled refugee or once your refugee claim has been accepted
- Attend any high school in Ontario (Catholic or public)
- Work if you're a Permanent Resident or by applying for a work permit
- Attend college or university if you're a Permanent Resident or by applying to the Student Refugee Program
- Receive protection under Canadian law and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms
You must pay taxes and respect all Canadian laws at the federal, provincial and municipal levels.
As a refugee, you cannot:
- Vote or run for political office
- Hold certain jobs that have a high-level security clearance requirement
- Get OSAP to pay for your post-secondary education (this only applies to refugee claimants)
You have many rights and responsibilities as a refugee, and you gain more -- like the right to vote or run for political office -- once you become a citizen.
Find more information:
- To apply for health care, you can learn more about the Interim Federal Health Program here.
- To apply for a work-permit, you can find out how here.
- If you have any questions about making Ontario your home, you can find it here on the Citizenship and Immigrations website.
- If you need to talk to someone in your community, you can find services here. | <urn:uuid:dfc232bf-05f1-4609-8207-effeffe16f4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newyouth.ca/en/resources/immigration/refugees/what-are-my-rights-refugee | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.94991 | 439 | 2.75 | 3 |
Alabama Eviction is the termination of the landlord-tenant relationship according to the property laws of Alabama. This relationship can be terminated by either expiration of the lease term or for cause. “For Cause” means a breach of the rental agreement by either party. In most cases, the landlord will allege some cause to terminate the lease before its expiration by either nonpayment of rent or by some material noncompliance of a lease provision by the tenant.
Use the Button Above or Click here for a Special Offer on these Alabama Eviction Notice Forms
In some cases, an unruly tenant who is causing major problems for the landlord or one who is consistently late on the rent have led landlords to take unilateral action to remove the tenant. This may involve changing the locks on the rental unit, shutting off utility services, removing the tenant’s personal belongings or even verbally threatening the tenant with physical harm if he or she does not immediately leave. Such self-help measures are illegal under Alabama law. A tenant may bring an action in court against the landlord and may be awarded up to three times the rent or actual damages, whichever is greater, along with attorney’s fees.
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7-Day Alabama Eviction Notice for Noncompliance or Misrepresentation
The Alabama eviction process begins with written notice given to the tenant. If the reason for early termination of the lease is material noncompliance with the lease agreement or conduct which materially affects the health and safety of others, the landlord must serve a 7-Day Notice. It must specify the conduct or omission that constitutes the material noncompliance. It must also state that the breach, if curable, must be done so within 7 days after the notice is received. Material noncompliance may mean having unauthorized persons living on the premises, unauthorized pets, or failing to maintain the unit in a clean and safe manner. Substantially damaging the property is material noncompliance as is possessing, selling, or manufacturing controlled substances in the unit. Other acts such as threatening other tenants or continually playing loud music or keeping garbage on the front lawn could be construed as affecting the health and safety of others. Please note that this used to be a 14-Day Notice, but as of 2014 is a 7-Day Notice.
7-Day Alabama Eviction Notice for Unpaid Rent
The other Alabama eviction notice is a 7-Day Notice for nonpayment of rent only. It is also called a 7-Day Cure Notice. If all rent due and owing, even from past months, is not paid within the 7 days, the landlord may then file a court action. The landlord should not accept a partial payment of rent during this time. Accepting a partial payment will likely invalidate the notice. This means the tenant can remain in the unit at least until the following rental period has expired and the rent has not been paid or some other reason arises for eviction.
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When the rental lease expires, the landlord need not have any reason to ask the tenant to vacate the unit or property. Usually, the lease will specify the amount of time to be given to the tenant to vacate once notice is given, usually 30-days. For example, if the lease is month-to-month, the Alabama evcition notice is 30-days.
Service of Notice
Service of the notice may be in person or by a process server. If the tenant cannot be served personally, the notice may be attached to the door of the unit and the notice mailed to the tenant. The notice must contain the name and address of the tenant and the landlord. It must also be signed by the landlord, contain the specific reason for the eviction and the time permitted for the tenant to remedy the breach if applicable.
Unlawful Detainer Lawsuit
The next step in the Alabama eviction process is filing and service of a Summons and Complaint for Unlawful Detainer. If the complaint is for possession only and the reason is for material noncompliance with rental provision or conduct detrimental to the health and safety of others, the tenant has 7 days to respond. Should the complaint be for nonpayment of rent, the time to respond is 14-days. Failure to respond or object to the complaint will place the tenant in default.
A hearing on the unlawful detainer is held before a judge only. Both sides may present evidence and witnesses. It is the landlord who must prove that the notice was properly given. The landlord must also prove that the tenant breached the rental agreement. Common breaches are nonpayment of rent, some material noncompliance with the written lease, or by conduct or omission that materially affected the health and safety of others.
A judgment in favor of the landlord can include monetary damages including back rent, attorney’s fees and service of process fees, if any.
Defenses Alabama Tenants May Employ
- Breach of Warranty of Habitability
A tenant may claim that the landlord failed to comply with the applicable building and housing codes necessary to maintain the premises in a habitable condition. Examples include not providing essential services in good working order and not making repairs on things affecting the tenant’s health and safety. These include running hot and cold water, heat, air conditioning, ventilation, plumbing and garbage removal.
In such cases, the tenant must provide a written notice to the landlord. It must allow at least 14-days for the landlord to make the requested repairs and notifying him or her that noncompliance will terminate the rental agreement. If the landlord fails to comply, the tenant should contact the health department or call the housing inspector to inspect the property and to demonstrate that the condition was hazardous. The tenant may vacate the property with no further obligations under the rental agreement.
- Retaliatory Eviction
A landlord cannot evict someone for making complaints about the unit to him or her or to some other agency, or for joining a tenant’ rights union or similar organization.
State and federal laws prohibit landlords from eviction or refusing to rent to someone based on a state or federally recognized protected class. This includes race, religion, national origin, disability, marital status, pregnancy or sex. If disabled, the landlord is obligated to make reasonable accommodations such as allowing “seeing eye” dogs or by adding a ramp for wheelchair access.
Writ of Possession and Appeal in Alabama
If the landlord prevails in the Alabama Eviction Suit, he or she must wait 7 days for the time to appeal to expire to obtain a Writ of Possession. If no appeal is filed, the Writ is given to the sheriff to serve on the tenant if he or she has not vacated the property. Usually, the tenant is given a short time to vacate or the sheriff will forcibly remove the tenant.
The tenant can appeal to the circuit court and request a jury trial, but he or she must pay rent into the court while the appeal is pending.
If any possessions are left over, the landlord can wait 14-days and then dispose of them at his or her discretion.
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Subscribe to get a Discount Code | <urn:uuid:2277435c-8438-46e1-a50f-4c3a8715cd38> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.landlordguidance.com/eviction-notice-forms/alabama-eviction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00068-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931534 | 1,533 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The giant carcass of an Oarfish was found floating in Toyon Bay off Catalina Island by a marine science instructor this weekend. Jasmine Santana of Catalina Island Marine Institute needed the help of 15 people to pull the 18-foot long fish to shore.
Since these fish are normally deep water dwelling, little is known about them and they are rarely spotted in the shallows. The fact that they grow quite so large makes the discovery even more exciting.
Read the full article here. Image from Shutterstock. | <urn:uuid:c07c22ac-8b3a-4c2b-8f3f-bca4633b710d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wetpixel.com/articles/giant-oarfish-found-off-catalina-island | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00238-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955806 | 105 | 2.125 | 2 |
Cool Zone - Setting the Standards in Cool Roofing
In the commercial roofing industry, reflectivity and cool roofing has been the dominant discussion point for several years, and the Duro-Last Cool Zone roofing system has set the standard for single-ply roof reflectivity and the resulting energy savings. Now, terms like sustainability, cool roofs, and cool roofing are receiving a lot of attention, and once again, Duro-Last is setting the bar.
But what does sustainability and cool roofing really mean for building owners, facility managers, contractors, architects, and other specifiers? It means that the design, construction, maintenance, life-cycle impact, adaptive re-use, destruction, and recycling of roofing components must help meet the long-term environmental standards demanded by todays high-performance buildings.
To be considered sustainable, a roofing system must meet the Five Es of high-performance roofing: Energy, Environment, Endurance, Economics, and Engineering. In each of these areas, the Duro-Last Cool Zone roofing system leads the commercial roofing industry. Click on the Five E's link above to learn more about the Five Es and how the Duro-Last Cool Zone roofing system delivers on the multiple demands of high-performance roofing.
Energy Efficient Roof: Delivered by Reflective Roofing
A high-performance roof can be a powerful asset in reducing energy consumption by becoming an energy efficient roof - a Cool Roof. When used with appropriate insulation on low-sloped or flat roofs, a high-emissivity Duro-Last Cool Zone reflective roofing system can:
Reduce building energy consumption by up to 40 percent
Improve insulation performance to reduce winter heat loss and summer heat gain
Preserve the efficiency of rooftop air conditioning
Potentially reduce HVAC capacity requirements
Decrease the effects of Urban Heat Islands and related urban air pollution
Make your roof an Energy Efficient Roof: The Duro-Last Cool Zone reflective roofing system exceeds cool roof standards established by these organizations:
The EPAs ENERGY STAR Roof Products Program has established a minimum standard that requires low-slope reflective roof products to have an initial reflectance of at least 65 percent, and a reflectance of at least 50 percent after three years of weathering. If there is any doubt about whether a roofing system is cool roof or energy efficient roof, check to see if it is listed in the ENERGY STAR Roof Products listings www.energystar.gov. Use their online calculator to determine potential energy savings for your building.
The Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC) is a non-profit association that implements and promotes fair, accurate performance ratings for solar reflectance and emittance from roof surfaces. All tests for measuring reflective roofing properties are performed by accredited, independent laboratories following established ASTM International protocols. Performance data for products from numerous manufacturers can be found on the CRRCs web site, www.coolroofs.org.
Title 24 of California's Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings is a wide-ranging green construction bill that became effective in October, 2005. Title 24 specifies that new and replacement commercial roofs virtually any low-slope roofing project that requires a construction permit must have a minimum initial thermal emittance of 75 percent, and a minimum initial solar reflectance of 70 percent, as rated by the Cool Roof Rating Council. http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/
Other Energy Considerations:
The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) established Standard 90.1 as a minimum requirement for energy-efficient building design. President Bush has signed legislation offering tax deductions to buildings that exceed the 90.1 Standard.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory recently determined that increasing the R-value of a roofing system in Los Angeles from R-9 to R-15 would reduce annual energy costs by $2,500 and lower carbon dioxide emissions by thousands of pounds.
Executive Order 13123, now known as Federal Acquisition Regulation Case 1999-011, mandates that federal office buildings must reduce energy usage 30% by 2005, and 35% by 2010. It also mandates that federal industrial buildings and laboratories must reduce energy consumption 20% by 2005, and 25% by 2010. Federal agencies also must use ENERGY STAR products when available, and decisions must be based on energy and life-cycle cost analyses.
In cooperation with state and local governments, many utility companies offer rebates for using reflective roofing systems. These rebate programs are offered nationwide, not just in southern climates. For instance, Excel Power, the fourth largest utility company in the United States, has awarded rebates as far north as Minnesota.
Energy efficiency also reduces pollution by mitigating the urban heat island effect (see http://eandE.LBL.gov/heatisland).
Better for the Environment - Inside and Out
A popular definition for sustainable roofing was developed during a workshop held at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in 1996: A roof system that is designed, constructed, maintained, rehabilitated and demolished with an emphasis throughout its life cycle on using natural resources efficiently and preserving the global environment.
The Duro-Last Cool Zone roofing system can minimize environmental impact in several ways:
Duro-Last is a member of the U.S. Green Building Council (www.usgbc.org). The USGBCs Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) voluntary rating system is an increasingly popular means for helping building owners determine environmental performance of building components. The Cool Zone system can help in obtaining credits toward LEED and LEED-EB certification.
Our closed-loop manufacturing process recycles production scrap, benefiting waste reduction
Because the roofing system is lightweight, less fuel is needed to transport it to the job site than other systems
The Duro-Last Cool Zone system can often be installed over an existing roof, reducing waste, landfill space and disposal costs. Oak Ridge National Laboratories (ORNL - http://www.ornl.gov) recently estimated that 9-10 million tons of non-recyclable roofing waste is sent to U.S. landfills every year
Duro-Last offers a Recycle Your Roof program, which can reduce disposal costs of existing PVC roof membrane tear-offs when a tear-off is required.
At the end of its life as a roof, the Duro-Last Cool Zone roofing system can be recycled into other useful products such as specialty flooring (as demonstrated by Oscoda Plastics Inc., Duro-Lasts sister company) and other products.
Endurance That Passes the Test of Time
In terms of High-Performance Roofing, endurance is the ultimate reflection of the performance of every roofing component in terms of reliability, water absorption, wind and fire resistance, maintenance, and repair. No matter how cool or green a roof is, it still has to protect the building for years in all types of weather a reality that is sometimes neglected in sustainability discussions.
If you're looking for a roof that will last, consider our track record. More than one billion square feet of Duro-Last membrane have been installed throughout the U.S. since the late 1970s and many of these roofs are still in service. What makes a Duro-Last Cool Zone roofing system so durable? Each roof we make is:
Resistant to water, fire, chemicals, grease, and punctures
Able to stand up to all types of weather including high winds and extremes of hot and cold
Virtually maintenance free, unlike other roof materials that may require regular patching and repairs
Reinforced with a high-density weft-insertion scrim for exceptional strength and durability
Confidently backed by the industrys best warranties. Duro-Last protects commercial and industrial building owners with either a 15-year full warranty or a 20-year prorated warranty. Both are transferable, and both provide maximum protection. Our standard warranty includes coverage for consequential damages that result from defects in the Duro-Last material and/or installation.
Not only does a Duro-Last Cool Zone roof perform well over the years, it can actually help extend the useful life of other building components. By keeping moisture out while reflecting ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation, it can help to protect underlying insulation and the roofing substrate from deterioration.
To help promote Endurance for the long-term, building owners should ensure that a new roof:
Is properly designed for the location, climate, roof deck and type of building
Is installed professionally. Defective workmanship accounts for roughly 30 percent of roofing failures
Has physical properties that will stand the test of time: solar reflectance and emittance, tensile strength, water absorption, fire resistance, wind uplift, elongation and thermal expansion, dynamic puncture resistance and resistance to rooftop contaminants such as acid rain and air pollution
Is inspected and maintained regularly. This includes limiting the access and traffic on the roof
Better Economics over the Long Haul
While some types of roofing may have lower initial costs, the true costs of a roofing system are measured over its total life cycle. These include maintenance and repair costs, energy savings, and tear-off and disposal costs. Clearly, economics is a very important criterion for building owners, and High-Performance Roofing systems must be economical if they are to become viable, real-world options.
A Duro-Last Cool Zone roofing system delivers excellent life-cycle economics.
Key benefits include:
Reduced installation costs through custom factory prefabrication
Low maintenance and repair costs
Protection from interior damage costs through leak-proof performance
Elimination of extended warranty costs
Savings incurred through reduced energy consumption, and related rebates or incentives
In 2004 before the most recent energy price increases a 20-year comparison was prepared with the help of independent Midwest roofing contractors. The objective was to compare the life-cycle costs of a High-Performance Roofing system in this case, a prefabricated white PVC single-ply with popular black EPDM and BUR systems for a fully-warranted, 50,000 square-foot re-roof in the Midwest. This hypothetical comparison clearly demonstrates the impact that an energy-efficient, High-Performance Roof can have over time.
Expert Engineering Enables Long-Lasting, Money-Saving Performance
Smart, coordinated engineering and design is not only the essential enabler for the other Es of High-Performance Roofing, it is the key to what the Department of Energy calls whole-building design, which integrates all the subsystems and parts of the building to work more effectively together from cradle to cradle.
Stringent measures help ensure that the highest level of quality control is implemented throughout the manufacturing process. From raw material selection to job site delivery, at least 14 different Duro-Last personnel inspect, evaluate, and qualify the materials and processes that are used to produce the Cool Zone roofing system.
Every Cool Zone roof is engineered as a completely integrated system, prefabricated to the exact measurements of each building. Not only is up to 85 percent of membrane seaming completed in a factory-controlled environment, roof stacks, flashings, and edge details are also completed at the factory and shipped to the building site as part of the complete roofing system. The few remaining seams are then hot-air welded on-site by an approved contractor and inspected by a Duro-Last technical representative before a warranty is issued.
Thanks to the precision fabrication of the Cool Zone roofing system, installation is much faster and less disruptive than for a typical roll-goods roof. The installation process is quiet, with no noxious fumes or flames, so building occupants can continue with their regular routines. | <urn:uuid:18edbda1-093b-414f-86ab-0a01e80e91bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://topsideroofing.com/Cool-Roof | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.928745 | 2,445 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Quaternary Science Reviews
Volume 28, Issues 19-20, September 2009, Pages 1895-1913
The early Lateglacial re-colonization of Britain: new radiocarbon evidence from Gough's Cave, southwest England
R.M. Jacobi and T.F.G. Higham
Gough's Cave is still Britain's most significant Later Upper Palaeolithic site. New ultrafiltered radiocarbon determinations on bone change our understanding of its occupation, by demonstrating that this lasted for only a very short span of time, at the beginning of the Lateglacial Interstadial (Greenland Interstadial 1 (GI-1: Bølling and Allerød)). The application of Bayesian modelling to the radiocarbon dates from this, and other sites from the period in southwest England, suggests that re-colonization after the Last Glacial Maximum took place only after 14,700 cal BP, and is, therefore, more recent than that of the Paris Basin and the Belgian Ardennes. On their own, the radiocarbon determinations cannot tell us whether re-colonization was synchronous with, just prior to, or after, Lateglacial warming. Isotopic studies of humanly-modified mammalian tooth enamel may be one way forward. | <urn:uuid:13ac79e4-40a9-4a99-a1b7-24046db60497> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2009/08/post-glacial-recolonization-of-britain.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00316-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.877468 | 272 | 2.640625 | 3 |
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
The techniques of anesthetizing adults must be modified for a pediatric patient. Many of the differences are important to the anesthesiologist. The child's nervous system is not fully developed, so certain reflexes which are active and present in adults are absent in the newborn. For children in particular, too much anesthesia can cause patients to slip into a coma and die, either during the surgery as well as afterwards (CBC, 2007). Recent inquiries into how these strange chemicals act on the cellular level have uncovered a troubling long-term possibility: that general anesthetics may potentially contribute to cognitive impairment in vulnerable patients such as the very young and the very old (Harrell, 2009). According to Harrell (2009), in 2007, Dr. Zhongcong Xie and colleagues published the first in a series of studies 'demonstrating that commonly used general anesthetics can cause cell death and plaque accumulation in brain cells ' both potential hallmarks of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.'
One specific topic of interest is whether anesthesia can affect children and infants' bodies. Mayo Clinic researchers (2009) have found that children who require multiple surgeries under anesthesia during their first three years of life are at higher risk of developing learning disabilities later. The research team, led by Robert Wilder, M.D., Ph.D., a Mayo Clinic anesthesiologist (2009), 'found that although one exposure to anesthesia was not harmful, more than one almost doubled the risk that a child would be identified as having a learning disability before age 19.' The risk also increased with longer durations of anesthesia. Children's brains are more vulnerable to a variety of problems because they are undergoing dynamic growth (Mayo Clinic, 2009). The brain is swiftly forming connections between cells and trimming excess cells and connections (Anand, 2004).
When a patient goes into surgery, they are more than likely to be administered anesthesia to make the experience more comfortable and painless. Anesthesiologists are physicians who focus on surgical and pain relief of patients. They administer anesthetics, which prevents patients from feeling pain and sensations, closely monitor patients' vital signs during surgery and adjust anesthetics accordingly. The anesthesiologist will evaluate the medical records and history of the patient to figure out the dosage amount. The type of anesthesia administered depends on the type of surgery and medical history. There are various forms of anesthesia that include local, general and regional. Local anesthesia is medication used to temporarily stop the sense of pain in a particular area of the body. When this anesthetic is used, the patient is conscious and aware of what is going on. The opposite of local anesthesia is general anesthesia, where the patient will be unconscious during surgery. The anesthetic is usually administered through an intravenous line (IV) but it can also be inhaled through a breathing mask. An intravenous line is a thin plastic tube that is inserted into a vein, usually in the patient's forearm ('Types of Anesthesia,' 2008). The entire body is numb so the patient is unable to feel any pain. When compared to a regional anesthesia, patients are more likely to choose to use a regional anesthetic because it is easier to recover from.
Regional anesthesia is used for many types of procedures and operations but it is usually used when only one area of the body needs to be anesthetized. There are several types of regional anesthesia. Peripheral Nerve Blocks is a local anesthetic which is injected near a specific nerve or group of nerves to block pain from the area of the body supplied by the nerve. Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia is a local anesthetic which is injected near the spinal cord and nerves that connect to the spinal cord to block pain from an entire region of the body. Once injected, the medicine mixes with spinal fluid in the lower back and numbs the nerves it contacts, effectively blocking sensation and pain. The anesthesiologist can also use a variety of nerve blocks to ensure comfort throughout the procedure.
Harrell (2009) found that the 'role of calcium in the brain is critical, particularly in infants, whose brains undergo rapid neural development from the last trimester in uteri up through ages 1 to 2.' Infants' brains expand quickly, then ruthlessly prune back brain cells ' a process of orderly cell death known as apoptosis. In an experiment in young rats undergoing this crucial stage of neural development, Christopher Turner, an assistant professor of neurobiology and anatomy at Wake Forest University School of Medicine, witnessed out-of-control apoptosis in brains of rats treated with drugs that mimicked the action of the general anesthetic ketamine. Starved of calcium, whole portions of the rats' brains died off ' enough to cause significant cognitive impairment. In adult rats, the effect was much less severe. "There is something about the young brain that makes it exquisitely sensitive to the loss of calcium," says Turner, who was the first to propose that calcium depletion is a critical first step in drug-induced brain-cell injury (Harrell, 2009).
One study, completed at the Baylor College of Medicine, showed that babies who had the chance to play often and who were held and touched often as infants have larger brains with more neural pathways than children who received less attention and care when they were babies ('New Research,' 2010). According to Creeley and Olney (2010), 'There are many nerves and connections within the brain that are connected and functional only during the infancy and toddler age. The brain development in children occurs due to the genes and the environment of the growing child.' A child's first three years can act like the roadmaps to later learning. A baby's brain develops so fast that by age two; a child who is developing normally has the same number of connection as an adult. By age three, a child has twice as many brain connections as an adult.
According to Mayo Clinic (2009), 'Young children's brains are more vulnerable to a variety of problems because they are undergoing dynamic growth. The brain is rapidly forming connections between cells and trimming excess cells and connections, says Dr. Wilder.' According to Adriani (1964), 'The chest wall is thin, soft and underdeveloped. The air passages are much smaller and therefore, more easily become obstructed with secretions. Infants have little body fat and are more prone to lose heat by conduction and convection.' The bones are not fully developed and are easily injured because they are soft. The soft parts of the body of infants and children are easily traumatized (Adriani, 1964). When it comes to an infant's respiratory system, their air passages are smaller and still developing so it is more easily to become blocked with secretions. In Anesthesia for Children and Infants, Adriani (1964) states: 'The liver function of the newborn is not fully developed. Most drugs are destroyed by the liver or, if not attacked by the liver, are eliminated by the kidneys.' Consequently when the anesthesiologist administers drugs into the infant, drugs that depend on the liver may create abnormal responses.
About 1.5 million fetuses or newborns are exposed to anesthetic agents each year (Anand, 2004). Studies in 2003 show that drugs used in general anesthesia kill brain cells in developing rats and mice. According to Anand and Soriano (2004), 'Though these studies require follow-up with human populations, some have theorized that the dangers of anesthesia used in children may be greater than previously estimated. One might not only risk death but also interference in brain development, and perhaps long term memory issues or learning disabilities.' After their initial report in Science2 suggesting that anesthetic drugs such as nitrous oxide, ketamine or other N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists lead to enhanced apoptosis in immature neurons, Olney et al. have reported that newborn rats exposed to commonly used anesthetic agents also develop neurodegenerative changes in multiple areas of the brain, associated with long-term deficits in learning and memory (Anand, 2004).
Multiple surgeries increase the risk of developing a learning disability and/or effect brain development in the infant. Other studies have linked anesthesia exposure in young children to behavioral problems. Dr. Flick says the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is aware of the possible problems with anesthesia. The FDA is also working to construct a study that compares children that had an anesthetic to those children who did not have an anesthetic with the same medical condition (Mayo Clinic, 2009). According to Mayo Clinic (2008),
Children under the age of three who had hernia surgery showed almost twice the risk of behavioral or developmental problems later compared to children who had not undergone the surgery, according to a study by researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health and the College of Physicians and Surgeons.
The study shows that children who had hernia surgery with the general anesthesia had twice the likelihood of developing behavioral problems. Some of the more serious problems in infants and newborns are: 'rapid respirations with diminished tidal exchange, periods of vomiting resulting in electrolyte imbalance, lung conditions that cause cyanosis, cystic hygromas of the neck, and anomalies of the great vessels,' according to Lank (1959). These surgeries can look devastating and overwhelming but with good anesthesia techniques, pre and postoperative care and high-quality surgery, these infants grow up to be normal, healthy people.
Most operations that are done to infants are in urgent situations, so these infants usually present more complications. Therefore, the anesthesiologist and nurse have to recognize any physiologic changes that can occur and be able to treat any complications. The anesthesiologist usually has little experience with this particular group of people, so if an emergency occurs, he or she is required to make a life or death decision. This can lead to many unnecessary deaths (Lank, 1959).
According to Anand (2004), 'It has been taught and widely accepted that open-cone ether is the best type of general anesthesia for pediatric surgery. This statement is not only dogmatic but untrue.' Ether is the safest of the inhalation anesthetics for pediatric surgery. As with ether, cyclopropane is acceptable for pediatric anesthesia. Ether is prone to cause greater accumulation of acids in the blood in infants, but cyclopropane is not. Chloroform is rarely used; not only is it toxic but also the possibly of producing damage to the liver is greater than with any other anesthetic (Anand, 2004).
There are many dangers of anesthesia, but risks are often outweighed by significant benefits. The dangers of anesthesia increases in infants and young children who had multiple surgeries and was administered a general anesthetic. Further studies are being conducted to determine whether the anesthesia is the reason for the increase in developing learning disabilities and behavioral problems in infants, as well as newborns. However, many infants can be brought safely through surgery without any complications. It is important for parents to know the effects of anesthesia in infants and be aware of the risks. Anesthesia is both necessary and useful, but the possibility of anesthesia causing brain damage in infants should put up a red flag to parents. | <urn:uuid:d995fe87-b630-4490-b658-844100968953> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/infant-exposure-to-anaesthetic-drugs-biology-essay.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00124-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961797 | 2,297 | 3.28125 | 3 |
By: Mir M.Hosseini
First disagreements between Iran and Britain arose during the World War I. In Feb, 1915, German and Turkish spies, with the help of some tribal bandits in Khuzestan province plotted bombs that cut oil the oil flow resulting in some damages to British interests. According to D'Arcy Agreement's item #14, the Iranian government was responsible to protect assets, employees, and interests of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. As a matter of fact, Iranian government's sphere of influence could hardly reach borders of Tehran at that time. This gave Britain a pretext to stop due payments in the agreement for almost 5 years.
After the end of the war, disputes took place that did not result in a solution. Instead, there was show of force and dirty politics that was taking place.
On Dec, 2, 1920 the British representative gave a notice to the Iranian government to concede all affairs related to Cossack forces to the Great Britain. They wanted everything including management, logistics, weaponry supplies, and training to be handled by the British. The Iranian government was to pay all expenses including British personnel's salaries. In 1907 Britain and Russia had made an agreement that divided Iran into south and north regions. A military coup took place in Iran in the following February | <urn:uuid:fee90095-ac86-4a73-9ac7-bc1814323ae2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.fouman.com/Y/Get_Iranian_History_Today.php?artid=1047 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00221-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982241 | 264 | 3.625 | 4 |
Garden Talk: August 26, 2010
From NGA Editors
Putting Bees Out to Pasture
We've all heard of putting the cows out to pasture, but how about bees? In an effort to encourage populations of native bees that can take on pollinating duties as the number of honeybees decline, entomologist James Cane with the USDA Agricultural Research Service has been conducting research into the establishment of "bee pastures."
Unlike cow pastures full of grasses, bee pastures are filled with wildflowers that provide nectar and pollen. Cane has investigated which early-flowering native annuals are best at bolstering the populations of blue orchard bees, a native California species that can be used to help meet the pollination needs of the acres of almond orchards in that state. He has identified five native plant species- Chinese houses (pictured), baby blue eyes, tansy phacelia and California bluebell- that are ideal for bee pastures. They are favored food sources for blue orchard bees, easy to grow, bloom at the same time as the almond trees and flourish in the same soil and climate as the nut trees.
The way pasturing works is the bees are moved from a winter storage area to the pasture in the spring, where they mate and lay eggs. The next spring, some of the new generation of bees are taken to orchards to pollinate the almond trees, while most are returned to the pasture. According to Cane, bee populations could increase by as much as five-fold in a year in a well-managed pasture. He estimates that a mere 10 square yards of flower-containing pasture could produce enough bees by the second year to pollinate three acres of almond trees.
Cane also suggests that this same "bee pasturing" approach might be developed for crops such as apples, pears and cherries in the Pacific Northwest that are also pollinated by blue orchard bees.
For more information on this research, go to: Bee Pastures.
Gardening for Monarch Butterflies
Soon millions of monarch butterflies will begin their annual journey, flying thousands of miles from eastern North America to overwintering sites high in the mountains of central Mexico. (Monarchs west of the Continental Divide winter in California.) We can help these beautiful creatures as they begin their long journey by filling our gardens with nectar-rich plants to fuel their long flight.
Flowers such as asters, heleniums, goldenrod and 'Autumn Joy' sedum will provide sustenance not only to visiting monarchs, but will nourish a host of other butterfly species as well. We can also help monarchs throughout the season by planting various species of milkweed plants, on which the caterpillar stage of these butterflies feeds.
The Monarch Watch Waystations Program was created to help gardeners help the butterflies. Started by University of Kansas ecology professor Chip Taylor with the goal of creating, conserving and protecting monarch habitats, it aims to establish more than 10,000 "monarch waystations" across the country with plantings of milkweed and nectar plants. This will help offset the drastic loss of monarch habitat due to development, widespread use of agricultural herbicides and monarch-unfriendly roadside management practices.
An easy way to provide this vital habitat is with a Waystation Seed Kit containing six packets of milkweed seeds and six packets of additional nectar plant seeds, along with instructions on creating a monarch waystation, available from Monarch Watch for $16.
For more information on the Monarch Waystation Program or to order a Waystation Kit, go to: Monarch Watch. For a nectar-rich, butterfly-friendly fall garden design, go to: Butterfly Gardening in Fall.
Save Energy with Solar Lights
One way to help save energy is to use solar fixtures for outdoor lighting. But in the past, many solar fixtures gave off such dim light that they were not very effective in the landscape. Now from Gardener's Supply Company comes the Superbright Solar Spotlight. According to the company, these lights, which come on automatically at dusk, are brighter than any other solar landscape light on the market, giving off 18 times more light than competing models. The high-gain solar panel powers the light for 12 hours or more, the anodized aluminum housing is weather-tight, and high capacity batteries keep the lights shining even after a spell of cloudy weather. The Superbright Solar spotlight is available for $79.95; a dual spotlight model is available for $89.95.
For more information on these solar lights, go to:Gardener's Supply.
Improve Your Gardening with a Coach
While reading about gardening is a great way to increase your knowledge, there is nothing like having an experienced gardener actually out in the garden with you, giving advice first-hand. Some beginners may be lucky enough to have a parent, grandparent, friend or neighbor to pass on tips and techniques.
Those who don't, but who value that personal touch, can now hire a "garden coach." This new profession has been growing in popularity in recent years as experienced plant professionals offer a variety of on-site services to clients, including advice on landscape design and planning, soil building, garden maintenance, and diagnosis and treatment of plant problems. Some coaches specialize in a particular area, while others can help with a wide range of garden questions.
How to find a garden coach in your area? Recently, garden coach Susan Harris of Takoma Park, Maryland started an on-line directory of garden coaches that includes more than 100 listings in 38 states and 4 foreign countries.
For more information on this service, go to: Garden Coach Directory. | <urn:uuid:de7a48c2-a7d2-4267-bafa-feb179923cc2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://garden.org/regional/report/national/3537 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00490-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948397 | 1,168 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Spreading Love to the Katy Community
As a child, I enjoyed tossing rocks into the water and watching the ripples that emerged from the displacement of water. I marveled at the widespread impact of a small pebble. Small ripples became larger ripples that spread further and further away from the center. I have often imagined that we, like pebbles, can have a significant impact on those around us. The pebble analogy has been a reminder of the impact of my words and actions on others. Â
This past weekend, while attending a seminar, I learned additional information about water ripples. The ripples of water that come back to the pebble are much stronger than the ripples that go out. If our lives are indeed like a pebble in water, that which we emit will eventually come back to us with added strength. As I sat pondering this scientific property, I was sobered by the thought of it. What had I emitted to others? Was I spreading happiness, positive emotion and goodwill, or was I spreading ill-will and negativity?Â
The quote, “What goes around comes aroundâ€, it seems, is a true physical property! The more we emit kindness, truth, and happiness, the more we will receive it. Conversely, the more we gossip, express negative emotion and treat others unkindly, the more others will treat us this way. Our daily words and actions definitely impact those around us- particularly the members of our family. I often feel that as a mother, I can set the tone in the home. It is no wonder that on the days when I am stressed or short tempered, others seem to be stressed and short to me! A smile, a kind word, an empathetic ear and a positive attitude are all examples of positive ripples. Emotion is truly infectious…may we share it wisely!
How has someone positively impacted you? Please share. | <urn:uuid:68ad8eb0-d73c-4e81-bea5-bbf14e4b5500> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.katymagazine.com/the-ripple-effect/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00236-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960558 | 421 | 1.90625 | 2 |
June 1, 2015—Recent forecasts on the impacts of climate change on the world’s coral reefs—especially ones generated from oceanic surface temperature data gathered by satellites—paint a grim picture for the future of the “rainforests of the sea.”
A newer and more complex model incorporating data from both environmental factors and field observations of coral responses to stress provides a better forecasting tool than the more widely used models and a more positive future for coral reefs, according to a new study by the Wildlife Conservation Society and other groups.
The study authors point out that, according to the climate stress index model first developed in 2008, coral reefs are responding to more factors than temperature and therefore more resilient to rising temperatures. They conclude that global climate change is the greatest global threat to coral reefs but the future of these ecosystems is more varied than predictions from the more widely used “temperature threshold” models.
The paper titled “Regional coral responses to climate disturbances and warming is predicted by multivariate stress model and not temperature threshold metrics” appears in the online edition of Climatic Change. The authors are: Timothy R. McClanahan of the Wildlife Conservation Society; Joseph Maina of the Wildlife Conservation Society and the Australia Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; and Mebrahtu Ateweberhan of the Wildlife Conservation Society and the University of Warwick.
“Our new multivariate stress model suggests that the future of coral reefs is considerably more nuanced and spatially complex than predictions arising from the threshold models,” said Dr. Tim McClanahan, WCS’s Senior Conservation scientist and a co-author on the study. “According to our findings in the Western Indian Ocean, some places will do well and others will not. The key to accurate predictions is using all available environmental data and complementing it with on-the-ground observations on reef cover, coral communities, and other environmental variables that are key to understanding how corals respond to the interaction between all these variables.”
In the study, the authors compared the abilities of three common thermal threshold indices against a stress model that includes temperature but also light and water quality and movement variables and used the models to predict coral cover and susceptibility to bleaching during a past large stress event: specifically the 1997-98 coral bleaching event in the Western Indian Ocean. The field information used in the test included a compilation of 10 years of coral community data before the bleaching event, two years after the bleaching event, and data during the period of coral recovery between 2001-2005.
While the three temperature threshold models (sea surface temperature, cumulative thermal stress, and annual thermal stress) were highly variable with little agreement to field data after the 1998 rise in temperature and coral mortality, the multivariate model based on 11environmental variables combined using a fuzzy logic systems revealed a more accurate fit with the recorded coral cover and susceptibility in the recovery period that followed.
“This latest research suggests a more optimistic future for the world's coral reefs,” said Dr. Caleb McClennen, Executive Director of WCS’s Marine Program. “The ability of certain coral communities to resist and recover from climatic factors provides hope for the future of the oceans. Our imperative is now to seek out and protect those locations that are refuges from climate change, and reduce other human stresses such as fisheries to ensure the long term survival of coral reefs.”
This research was supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, and the World Bank Targeted Research Group on Coral Bleaching.
To access the article, go to: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-015-1399-x
The Wildlife Conservation Society has been helping the world discover and conserve our oceans for over a century. WCS engages in ocean protection, sustainable fisheries, and marine species conservation across the waters of 23 countries and all 5 oceans.
On Thursday, June 11, 2015, WCS will host its annual black tie Gala reception and dinner at the Central Park Zoo. The evening will celebrate WCS’s vital role in protecting vulnerable marine species off the coast of New York and around the globe and provide critical support for WCS’s parks, education, global health, and global conservation programs. For more information or to purchase tables and tickets, visit wcs.org/Gala.
Join more than one million wildlife lovers working to save the Earth's most treasured and threatened species.
Thanks for signing up | <urn:uuid:8e37da69-a7eb-443d-90de-dd8edf725fc6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://programs.wcs.org/newsroom/News-Releases/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/6774/categoryId/125/New-Climate-Stress-Index-Model-Challenges-Doomsday-Forecasts-for-Worlds-Coral-Reefs.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.906978 | 939 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Did you know that for the Mayas, the New Year is celebrated on different dates each time?
In the Maya culture there is no specific date to celebrate the New Year, although its calendar does have 365 days, it lacks leap years and it is comprised of 18 months of 20 days each, and five additional days called “aciagos” (meaning “fateful”, in English).
Several ways to keep track of time coexist within the Maya calendar, which are repeated every 52 Maya years. One of these ways is the solar cycle, also called “haab”, which is precisely the one that consists of 365 days.
Therefore, the beginning of each New Year according to the Mayans is celebrated approximately every July, and each one represents a different phase or personality.
Nowadays, according to the Maya Sincronario we are in the time of the Yellow Crystal Seed, the year 5,125 in its cosmogony, which indicates the Mayan culture has had 5 stages, and we are currently undergoing the fifth one.
More than a season of celebrations and meetings, as most of us are used, the Mayans welcome the New Year with five days of silence and introspection, meditating and thinking back on the lessons learned in the previous year, to keep in balance with nature.
This year is, according to Mayan beliefs, to germinate new convictions, to concentrate on flourishing what we want to see on Earth; maturing what was sown in the Blue Spectral Storm time, where we learned to loose and take control on the change that is much needed.
According to the Mayan culture, this stage requires the connection of the self with the heart, in order to synchronize with what makes us feel happy, recognize what keeps us from the truth, as well as teaching us to respect our brothers and sisters.
We hope that at this stage, in addition to celebrating it with your loved ones, you can give yourself a time to meditate and welcome a New Year full of spiritual, emotional and mental openness.
At Sandos we celebrate not only the Mayan culture and its elements, but the fact that awareness is increasing so we can learn from the wisdom our ancestors had. | <urn:uuid:d4e4e7e3-9b7f-497f-b407-a7e05129a5c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.sandos.com/en/new-year-according-to-the-mayan-culture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.965454 | 461 | 2.9375 | 3 |
This page is currently work in progress and will be updated over the following weeks.
- The intention of this page is to introduce the concept of Variable Radix Page Tables,
The basic concept involved in a radix page table is to split the virtual address into a number of fields. The lowest field is an index into the actual memory page, but the other fields are used as indices into the different levels of the page table which is used to find the desired page frame.
Linux currently uses a three level page table. The address is divided into four fields. The first field indexes the top level of the pagetable to give a pointer to a middle level directory block. The next address field indexes the middle level directory to give a pointer to a leaf node containing PTEs. The 3rd field from the address indexes the block of PTEs to give a page frame in memory, and the remaining bits index into the page frame to give the desired byte.
Under Linux the page table index fields are the same size. A variable radix page table format can divide the address into different numbers of fields in different parts of the page table, and make those fields different widths. One of the effects of this is to allow the page table to be different depths in different places e.g., a part of the page table mapping to superpages may not need the full three levels needed by the current page table to map to base sized page frames.
An introduction to Linux memory management. This introduction may be slightly outdated however it gives a nice overview of how Linux manages memory.
- Linux memory management documents:
Memory Management in Linux Abhishek Nayani et.al. 25/05/2002.
Understanding The Linux Virtual Memory Manager Mel Gorman 14/03/2003.
Code Commentary On The Linux Virtual Memory Manager Mel Gorman 14/03/2003.
Originals and updates of the above papers can be found at the Linux kernel documentation project.
- Linux memory management web sites:
- Linux VM benchmarking and testing | <urn:uuid:29ac0e91-834c-45bb-bd8a-5fbe95dbb4c1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gelato.unsw.edu.au/IA64wiki/VariableRadixPageTables | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00339-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.838298 | 418 | 3.296875 | 3 |
At a time of heated and divisive debate over immigration, Onyx Films is proud to present HARVEST OF EMPIRE, a feature-length documentary that examines the direct connection between the long history of U.S. intervention in Latin America and the immigration crisis we face today.
Based on the ground-breaking book by award-winning journalist Juan González, HARVEST OF EMPIRE takes an unflinching look at the role that U.S. economic and military interests played in triggering an unprecedented wave of migration that is transforming our nation’s cultural and economic landscape.
From the wars for territorial expansion that gave the U.S. control of Puerto Rico, Cuba and more than half of Mexico, to the covert operations that imposed oppressive military regimes in the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Nicaragua and El Salvador, HARVEST OF EMPIRE unveils a moving human story that is largely unknown to the great majority of citizens in the U.S.
Screening from September 28 through October 4th in NYC and LA.
More information at: | <urn:uuid:f516ba9c-aea0-47b5-b531-b7088b45aa77> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://vimeo.com/48145023 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00171-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943204 | 215 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Querium's Stepwise Virtual Tutor, which uses artificial intelligence technology in its online math tutoring program, will now be available on WebAssign's digital instructional platform.
The launch of SUNY OER Services should make high-quality educational resources more accessible and affordable to more students in the New York state higher education system.
Echo360 is working with instructional design firm iDesign to help faculty make the most of its Active Learning Platform, a cloud-based system that incorporates lecture capture, learning analytics, content management and student engagement tools.
The National Science Foundation recognized the Clemson team that created VEnvI, a program for middle school students that combines dance and computational concepts.
Experts share their best advice for incorporating digital games in the college classroom.
From social media to learning space design, here's what was trending on our website last month.
Two education technology companies are banding together to simplify the process of curriculum distribution in higher education.
Princeton University has partnered with a mobile media company to launch a series of user-generated marketing campaigns intended to reach current and prospective students as well as alumni.
Courseware developer Junction Education has partnered with course material fulfillment firm MBS Direct to bring its OER-based courses and authoring platform to a wider range of campuses.
OpenStax's free, peer-reviewed textbooks will now be available through the panOpen platform. | <urn:uuid:af517af2-866b-40d1-b1cf-74776b6c95b4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://campustechnology.com/Articles/List/Collaboration.aspx?sc_lang=en&m=1&Page=19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00270-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926445 | 285 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Toshiba's Cell TV has finally arrived and with it comes a whole host of features never seen in a television before.
From gesture control to True 3D, here's a selection of the greatest things the Cell TV can do. And, yes, it will even make the tea if you ask it nicely…
The internet TV enhancer
With most TVs launching in 2010 making use of the interweb, and Project Canvas all poised to flood living rooms with internet video, it's a fair bet that we will all be watching web-based content on our big-screen TVs soon.
The problem is picture quality. Standard streams of video on the internet are shoddy at best and when blown up to 40-inches and above pixels that look small on your computer screen will be football sized on your telly.
Toshiba knows this and that is why it has put an internet TV enhancer into its Cell TV. Using Net Super Resolution, Toshiba up-converts low-resolution web content for big-screen display, courtesy of its proprietary compression noise-canceling tech.
Essentially giving your web content a decent clean-up so that it looks presentable when displayed on screen, a feature which is more than welcomed considering Cell TV will allow you to access myriad internet TV channels.
2D to 3D real-time conversion
Having a 3D TV is all very well but the distinct lack of 3D content for the home means that early adopters will be left wanting in 2010.
To satiate your three-dimensional needs, Toshiba has introduced a 2D to 3D real-time converter into Cell TV, which makes use of the TV's powerful Cell chip.
Toshiba is calling the technology Tri-Vector, and it uses proprietary software to analyse the 2D frames and figure out the depth of field in each frame.
Once this is done, the TV creates a separate image for the left eye and right. This then gives off a 3D effect, which you can view through active shutter glasses.
In the demo we say, the technology really does work, and it can also be attributed to photographs – so that old image you have of Pamela Anderson looking lovely in her hey-day can now be brought to life!
3D TV – Tosh-style
3D TV is all the rage this year but Toshiba's 3D technology is something to be admired. Due to the sheer amount of hertz it has processing the images, the 3D is brighter and more immersive than we have seen before. Although you only need 60Hz piped to each eye to watch 3D, Toshiba has upped this to 120Hz for each eye.
Toshiba is calling its 3D tech True 3D and the television accepts multiple 3D input formats, including MPEG4-MVC, RealD, and the like.
Couple this with the 2D to 3D conversion and it seems that Toshiba has all the three dimensional bases covered.
4K resolution quality
While you sit back, relax and bathe in the beauty of you 1080p Full HD TV sets just remember that all you are doing is training your peepers for the awesomeness that is 4K resolution.
Not twice but more than four-times the resolution of 1080p (4096×2160 to be precise), 4K in the home will blow your mind.
Not only does it make 3D crisper, it will give movie studios the chance to truly show off their movies in the future, as 4K is equivalent to the quality found in 35mm film and is what is behind the brilliant images that the RED Camera creates.
Twice as bright LED tech
LED technology has got the television industry in a bit of a tiz at the moment. The benefits of the technology are for all to – see- brighter images but using less power – but it's problem is that it is confusing consumers who think it is another panel option, like LCD and plasma. | <urn:uuid:7a3384a5-e68a-4df0-a032-46c9f686df48> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.techradar.com/news/television/hdtv/7-features-that-make-toshiba-zx900-cell-tv-awesome-662412/1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00299-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94825 | 824 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The North River Gorge is an absolutely beautiful corner of the George Washington National Forest. Starting at Wild Oak Parking Lot near Stokesville, we hiked a mile on the Wild Oak Trail to the swinging bridge across the North River where the 4 1/2-mile North River Gorge Trail begins. Activities that take place along this trail include: hiking, horseback riding, and camping. From the green leaves of summer, to the colorful fall foliage, the North River Gorge is breathtaking during all seasons.
The river is eligible to be designated as a National Scenic River and is part of the Shenandoah Mountain National Scenic Proposal, which covers 90,000 acres of the Shenandoah Mountain. We partnered with Friends of Shenandoah Mountain to work towards the goal of preserving the North River Gorge. (http://www.friendsofshenandoahmountain.org)
As we were hiking, we came across many different fall colors and various species of ferns growing in the forest. In late September, the forest is lush with greenery and some plants are even starting to change colors! When we returned in mid-October, a rainbow of foliage greeted us, and we were delighted!
The Spotted Orbweaver Spider is considered a toxic spider, although the venom is not strong enough to be harmful to humans. These spiders can range greatly in color and size, though most are an orange and brown color. They have a distinct "orb"-like body and the shape of a cross on its belly. Orbweavers usually mate in the fall and the female usually attaches the eggs to the underside of a leaf. Both sexes will die shortly after mating, which explains why we found this exoskeleton of the orb weaver. (http://animals.mom.me/orb-weaver-spiders-4266.html)
The Spring Peeper Frog enjoys living in wooded wetlands of eastern Canada and the United States. It's no wonder we found this guy in the George Washington National Forest on our way to the river! Though normally spring peepers are found on warm spring nights (as their name implies), these frogs can actually survive being frozen! This frog can produce its own "antifreeze", which protects the vital organs as 70% of the frog's body freezes. Once the body thaws, the frog goes through a period of healing and then gets on its way! (http://farmersalmanac.com/home-garden/2016/03/21/facts-about-spring-peepers/) | <urn:uuid:f3f84aa3-fd46-4782-87cc-b01cb5500dfd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://spark.adobe.com/page/2jelVkeUJM1aR/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00318-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942249 | 524 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Fines for meatpackers’ safety problems are ‘embarrassingly low’
By Luke Runyon, Harvest Public Media
June 14, 2016, 6:45 a.m. ·
Listen To This Story
Hundreds of thousands of workers prepare the beef, pork and poultry we eat. Their workplaces are among the most hazardous in the country. Slaughterhouses are safer than they were decades ago, but still exact a steep price from workers - sometimes their lives.
On the worst day of Greta Horner’s life, she was dressed in a burlap robe, waiting by the window for her husband to come home from work.
The couple was down to one car. The other one was in the shop. She donned the costume for a play later that morning, set in Old Jerusalem, part of Vacation Bible School at the church. She just needed the car to get there.
Ralph Horner, or Ed as his family calls him, should have been pulling in the driveway any minute that morning in June 2014, home from his overnight shift as a maintenance employee at the beef plant in Greeley, Colorado. It’s owned by JBS, the world’s largest meatpacker, with its North American headquarters a short drive from the Horners’ rural Larimer County home.
Instead, three cars – one from the coroner’s office, one from the sheriff’s office, one from JBS – turned down the long, dirt driveway.
“They seemed to be going so slowly, and I thought this isn’t good,” she says.
She met the cars at the gate, still dressed in her costume, already filled with dread.
“They introduced themselves and I just said, ‘Don’t tell me. I don’t even want to know. Don’t tell me. Don’t tell me.’ Because I just knew.”
Ed died a few hours earlier. He was working alone deep in the bowels of the plant on a piece of equipment. It caught his hair and the sleeve of his shirt and pulled him in. His clothing bunched up around his neck and mouth. And there, trapped under a conveyor belt, he suffocated.
On June 10, 2014 three cars rolled down the Horners’ driveway to deliver the news that Ed Horner died while working at the JBS beef processing plant in Greeley, Colorado. (Photo by Dan Boyce, Rocky Mountain PBS for Harvest Public Media)
Ralph “Ed” Horner is buried a short drive from his rural Larimer County home. (Photo by Dan Boyce, Rocky Mountain PBS for Harvest Public Media)
He was 54
, and left behind his wife, three sons and a grandchild.
The workplace for the hundreds of thousands of people who prepare beef, pork and poultry in this country is a hazardous place. Meat and poultry processing plants are safer than they were a decade ago, government statistics show. But the reality is, in today’s slaughterhouses, some workers pay a steep price to produce our meat.
“I don’t know what Ed could’ve done to be any more safe,” Greta says.
The (modern) Jungle
Today’s beef, pork, and poultry plants function through a sort of organized chaos.
Workers use a mix of hydraulic saws, industrial blenders, marinade pumps, steel hooks, metal chains, and conveyor belts to disassemble cattle, chickens and hogs, turning whole animals into cuts of meat. Line employees don smocks and chainmail to keep from cutting themselves or their coworkers nearby. Mats line the floors to avoid slips on blood or water.
The Greeley facility, which JBS took over in 2007 with its purchase of Swift Foods, is a behemoth in the beef processing industry. Originally built in 1958, the facility’s employees are able to slaughter and process upwards of 5,600 head of cattle each day. It takes more 3,000 people to keep it up and running. Daytime and evening shifts work the lines, slaughtering, slicing, bagging and boxing, while overnight maintenance and sanitation crews clean and prep the plant for the next day.
“You’re trying to manage a small city,” says Doug Schult, a JBS USA human resources executive. “When you take machinery and all those people, and those knives, you’ve got an environment that is risky. So you’ve got to accept that the risk is there. You don’t have to accept that people get hurt along with it though.”
The industry has changed drastically since the 1906 publication of “The Jungle,” Upton Sinclair’s muckraking novel that revealed poor food safety and workplace conditions in the Chicago stockyards. But people still get hurt or get killed.
Some 151 meat and poultry workers suffered fatal injuries from 2004 to 2013, according to a recent Government Accountability Office report, which also focused on the underreporting of injuries in this industry. That compares to the 3,737 manufacturing facility workers [pdf] who died on the job during that same period, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Meat and poultry plants consistently report higher injury rates than the manufacturing industry overall, with beef and pork workers sustaining a higher rate of injuries and illnesses than poultry workers, according to U.S. Department of Labor data.
Government safety regulators recognize the risk inherent in meatpacking. The Greeley plant is under the jurisdiction of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s Denver office, and a subject for the team of inspectors there who check workplaces for violations of federal safety standards.
Dangerous Jobs, Cheap Meat: Harvest Public Media reports on the ongoing safety problems at meat processing facilities in the United States
Fines are ‘embarrassingly low’
Ed Horner’s death triggered a flurry of activity for those government regulators.
The law required the conveyor belt he was working on to be covered with a guard, meant to keep workers from suffering amputations or being pinched and pulled. If OSHA catches it on an inspection, an absent guard brings a fine. A missing machine guard remains a highly cited violation from OSHA, especially in industries where heavy equipment is used, like manufacturing, construction, and meatpacking. Both OSHA officials and industry representatives agree, they’re easy to miss.
In Horner’s case, OSHA scolded JBS in a press release after the incident, saying the company should’ve known better. If JBS had followed well-known safety practices, his death could have been prevented, the release said.
Even with the strong language, the final fine for the violations that led to Ed Horner’s death totaled $38,500.
“Yes, it’s embarrassingly low,” says Debbie Berkowitz, a fellow with the National Employment Law Project, and a former senior OSHA official. “And because of that it’s unclear what kind of deterrent effect it really has.”
OSHA fines are set to increase in August 2016 for the first time in 25 years. In 1990, other federal agencies were given permission to raise penalty amounts tied to the rate of inflation. OSHA wasn’t given that permission, and Berkowitz says that’s left the agency unable to financially punish bad actors. Any increase to OSHA penalties must go through Congress.
The fines associated with Ed Horner’s death were lowered from an initial $45,500, after one violation was dropped during an OSHA settlement process. Lowering initial fines is a standard practice by OSHA across all industries.
An investigation by Harvest Public Media found OSHA’s initial fines for safety violations in meat and poultry plants are, on average, just under $20,000 per case. But companies end up paying even less, negotiating down to about $11,000.
The Greeley plant had a history of missing or lacking machine guards. During an inspection in 2008, the facility racked up serious violations for lacking machine guards, among other citations. Fines for violations found during that inspection totaled $22,000, settled down from an original fine of $32,100. Inspectors recorded machine guarding violations in 2012 as well, during an inspection program designed to target high hazard workplaces, earning the company $83,414 in penalties. After contesting the violations, JBS ended up paying $64,668.
In 2014, JBS S.A., the Brazilian parent company for its North American arm, reported about $38 billion in net revenue, and earned about $650 million in profit.
OSHA decided to make the company’s problems with machine guarding even more public in 2016. As a part of the settlement related to Ed Horner’s death, OSHA placed the company on a publicly-available list of companies that have “demonstrated indifference” to federal safety standards, called the Severe Violator Enforcement Program. JBS will remain on it for three years and be subject to more inspections and more OSHA oversight.
The $38,500 fine JBS paid for the violations that led to Ed Horner’s death was higher than most, says Herb Gibson, OSHA area director for its Denver office.
The agency assesses fines based on violations to the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, not based on injuries or fatalities those violations actually cause, Gibson says. A worker death, and possibly a serious worker injury, will spur OSHA into action to conduct an inspection, but a worker death doesn’t necessarily influence the final fine the company pays, even if one of the violations plays a role.
“In my personal opinion, the fines could be modified for fatal cases but that’s not what the law -- it doesn’t have a separate penalty for a fatality,” Gibson says. “And that would require legislation to change that particular provision.”
As for acting as a watchdog to the country’s hundreds of meat and poultry plants, current and past OSHA officials, say they’re limited by the agency’s tight resources. About 2,000 inspectors are tasked with keeping the country’s millions of workplaces safe and illness-free.
“Unfortunately, it would take OSHA a hundred years to get to every workplace, just once to inspect,” Debbie Berkowitz says. “So really a lot is up to the company.”
Four deaths in 2014
Early in 2014, JBS executives in Greeley were looking over their injury rates and feeling optimistic.
Over the last several years they’d been able to limit certain problems, measured using a rate that tells the company’s leaders how many serious injuries workers sustained and caused them to miss work. Since JBS took over the Greeley plant in 2007, that rate had been declining. It was good news.
Confident enough that existing safety programs were working, they began focusing on a second-tier, more tailored to help employees with ergonomic support to prevent repetitive injuries, another nagging problem for the industry.
An OSHA photograph shows changes made to the conveyor belt at the JBS beef processing plant in Greeley, Colorado, that killed Ed Horner. It’s now covered in a metal mesh. (Photo by Luke Runyon, Harvest Public Media)
Then came the summer of 2014, when JBS and its affiliated companies in North America had four worker deaths in a five-month span, stretching from the summer into early fall.
“The summer of 2014 told us that while the figures said one thing, something more systemic, more foundational broke,” says Chris Gaddis, a JBS human resources executive.
Two months after Ed Horner’s death in Colorado, tragedy struck again at the Pilgrim’s Pride poultry plant in Nacogdoches, Texas, when employee Bobby Beall was electrocuted. JBS USA owns a controlling interest in the poultry processor with plants scattered across the southern U.S. Beall's obituary notes he enjoyed hunting and fishing, and was known around the poultry facility for sharing candy with his co-workers.
One month later in September, a JBS employee in Alberta, Canada, Christopher Harper, succumbed to severe burns he sustained from a burst steam pipe while working at the company’s beef plant in the small town of Brooks. Being a devout hockey fan, Harper’s obituary requests donations in his memory be sent to the local junior league, the Brooks Bandits.
In October, Pablo Lopez Romero of Mount Pleasant, Texas died while working at the Pilgrim’s Pride plant there. A large piece of ice fell on Romero’s neck and chest, killing him. Lopez Romero’s obituary says he left behind a wife of 35 years and two grandchildren.
It was a string of tragic events, each one exposing hazards and safety lapses at the plants involved, and a problem that would take much longer to address than simply adding new guards to machinery or rolling out a new training regimen. JBS had a cultural problem, and executives agreed it would take more than additional OSHA visits to fix it.
“No fine could’ve created as much change and momentum towards improvement as losing a team member,” Gaddis says.
“We don’t need OSHA to come in and find this stuff, we need to find it ourselves,” Schult adds.
Blind spots in the plant
The section of the plant where Ed Horner died was a secluded maintenance room, tucked away in a portion of the plant few employees move through. He had climbed underneath a moving conveyor belt. JBS executives say they simply hadn’t identified it as a hazard.
“It involved guarding of a piece of equipment that we had not, frankly, focused on in the past,” Schult says.
Not only was JBS losing workers in that five month span in 2014, but safety blind spots were staying hidden until tragedy struck.
Realizing that a certain amount of complacency and comfort in their own safety protocols may have led to a situation that put a worker at risk, Gaddis says the company reacted. A third-party risk assessment team was called in to find additional hazards and look at changing internal policies to encourage reporting safety problems, rather than stifle them.
HARVEST VIDEO: The dangerous jobs that bring us cheap meat - The workers that feed the American obsession with meat face a tough job. They're injured at higher than average rates, and it's unclear if federal regulators are able to effectively keep them safe.
For years JBS had functioned under a “cardinal rule” policy, where a list of rules guided employees on what to do to stay safe on the job. Break a rule, and you’re fired. Zero tolerance. But it wasn’t working, Gaddis says. Instead it made the plants less safe.
Employees were understandably hesitant to come forward if they saw or participated in unsafe activities, knowing their report could get themselves or their coworkers terminated. That led to a situation where injuries and unsafe actions were covered up and underreported.
“[The cardinal rule policy] was intended to create an environment that upheld safety, but it had this unintended consequence of undermining safety,” Gaddis says.
Now employees are given a strike when breaking one of the rules, and instead of being fired they’re given the ability to learn from a mistake, even act as a safety ambassador for other employees.
The company also realized that to find unseen, lurking hazards it needed to be less insular, more welcoming of new sets of eyes. The Greeley plant has often been a tour stop for Colorado business groups. In June 2015 it was opened for the first time to a sizeable group of journalists. More eyes, more inspections, more points of view should mean a safer plant, Schult says.
Tyson Horner hugs his mother Greta in their rural Larimer County, Colorado home. (Photo by Dan Boyce, Rocky Mountain PBS for Harvest Public Media)
“To me that was the biggest learning that came out of this. We’re still missing some of these things that we should we be seeing, how can we not be seeing them?”
‘More than a statistic’
All it took was one unseen trap for Ed Horner to lose his life. One piece of wire mesh over that spinning conveyor belt could’ve saved his life.
The Horners’ lives were intimately connected to meatpacking. The couple met in a beef plant back in the early 1980s, both working on the floor of a small plant in Sterling, Colorado. Greta took the job because it paid better than waiting tables or clerking at a gas station. Yes, it had added dangers, but it paid the bills and gave her a living wage. Hundreds of thousands of meatpacking workers make the same calculation today.
After years of working as an electrician outside the beef industry, that’s inevitably what took Ed back to the business shortly before he died.
“Not that they pay terrific, but they pay a livable salary to the employees. There aren’t all that many places like that for blue collar workers to work and get a decent salary and so people go and work there,” Greta says.
Ultimately what surprised her the most was just how preventable her husband’s death actually was. She hopes leaders at JBS learn a lesson.
“They need to realize that everybody that works there is a human being with a life and it’s not just a statistic, it’s a person.
“Their employees aren’t cattle that go through the chutes. They’re people with families.”
Harvest Public Media is a reporting collaboration focused on issues of food, fuel and field. Harvest covers these agriculture-related topics through an expanding network of reporters and partner stations throughout the Midwest.
Get the latest from around Nebraska delivered to your inbox | <urn:uuid:b6705c4b-63a8-4d40-b0ef-659549d6a2f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nebraskapublicmedia.org/en/news/news-articles/fines-for-meatpackers-safety-problems-are-embarrassingly-low/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.96668 | 3,829 | 1.703125 | 2 |
While international conversation around Africa has focused on follow ups and in-depth pieces around international relations, this has not been the case locally.
This week, we saw a consistent focus around the inherent challenges African economies are facing when enforcing lockdown measures. Access to finance, food supply and protection of informal workers are major concerns in many countries.
We’re zooming in on the reaction to government public safety measures, and what this means for the coming weeks across the continent.
Lockdowns extend across Africa driving negative sentiment
While some governments warned of the difficulty in enforcing confinement policies, many African countries have taken sweeping measures to halt the spread of COVID-19, with lockdowns in place in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and elsewhere.
Despite these efforts, the crisis is deepening and the WHO said this week that Africa could be the virus’ next epicentre.
The impact of public safety measures on African economies and societies is increasingly playing out online. The term “lockdown” has been a keyword in conversations around COVID-19, with mentions increasing almost 5 per cent compared to the previous week. Negative sentiment around the lockdown increased by 22 per cent, with positive sentiment decreasing by 40 per cent.
News that the lockdown in Nigeria had been extended in all major cities for a further two weeks was a main topic of conversation. The number of mentions of the lockdown from Nigeria matched that of the US.
South Africa also announced an extension of its lockdown until the end of April, generating multiple trending hashtags including #LockdownSA and #COVID19SouthAfrica. The move came under harsh criticism from the country’s opposition party, who warned of the damaging economic impact of this decision.
Vulnerable communities feeling let down
Conversation around the wider economic and social impact of public safety measures also increased, representing more than a third of the total engagement with media and social media over the last week.
Many in Africa make their living in the informal economy. In several countries where only a small minority of workers have access to employer-provided benefits, African governments are being accused of not stepping up to support the most vulnerable.
Last week, Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni confirmed that no cash payments will be provided to the over 30 million people in the country that earn a living through the informal economy.
Impact on food supply
Lockdowns across Africa are also blocking farmers from getting food to markets, and with many schools closed, 65 million children are now missing out on meals.
It is therefore no surprise that food security also emerged as an area of concern last week with articles around this topic generating high levels of engagement in Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, Ghana and Zimbabwe.
In response we are already seeing eased restrictions. The largest market in Burkina Faso was reopened last week. While South Africa announced it will gradually ease regulations after its five-week national lockdown and Ghana become the first African country to lift its lockdown this week.
As countries globally slowly start considering when to end their COVID-19 restrictions, we expect to see more discussion around Africa’s alternatives to the lockdown.
A closer look elsewhere
As Nigeria entered its third week of COVID-19 lockdown, with all commercial activities and business operations halted, calls for financial support for the country’s most vulnerable multiplied.
A movement calling for the Nigerian government to start paying benefits through an identification system called BVN (Bank Verification Number) gained significant traction. With #PayUsViaBVN trending across Nigeria for a number of days, the government are under significant pressure to act. | <urn:uuid:52b1a43f-fa9d-4786-beb0-9593579bea2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://portland-communications.com/development-global-issues/african-responses-to-life-under-lockdown/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.951421 | 740 | 2.234375 | 2 |
LaGrange College's most prestigious non-academic honor for entering students,
LIFT provides a leadership development program for 10 incoming first-year undergraduates.
LIFT identifies incoming students with strong leadership/service-oriented backgrounds
and then exposes them to an intentionally designed leadership development curriculum.
Are selected over the summer prior to arriving on campus by an application process
overseen by a committee of college faculty and staff.
Begin the program with a four-day backpacking and rock-climbing leadership development
experience led by North Carolina Outward Bound in Brevard, North Carolina.
Take part in monthly leadership sessions that feature experiential learning activities
and sessions with established leaders.
Participate in a variety of service projects both on and off campus to promote
active engagement within the college community.
In the end, LIFT is much more than just an impressive line on a résumé. It offers
a complete experience designed to promote intensive personal learning and to equip
participants with the tools to lead within the college and community for years
Interested students must apply before Friday, June 24, 2016.
Outward Bound experience
The intensity of the program's leadership development curriculum begins immediately.
Its first stage takes participants to North Carolina Outward Bound's Cedar Rock
Base Camp, located near Brevard, North Carolina. This trip includes an intensive
four-day backpacking and rock-climbing experience through the Mt. Pisgah National
Forest. In preparation for the trip participants should be able to hike a total
of 2-3 miles in a day at a steady pace as well as being comfortable with being
outdoors or extended periods of time. All costs associated with the trip are covered
by a generous donation provided by LaGrange College Trustee Ted Beason.
Outward Bound is the oldest, most respected outdoor educator in the world, and
North Carolina Outward Bound, the oldest independent Outward Bound school in the
country, knows how to open your eyes to your own potential.
Interested incoming first-year students may apply to the program by submitting
an application consisting of three parts:
A leadership/service résumé. This should include the applicant's name, email address, phone number,
mailing address, and high school name. The résumé also should include two
sections that outline the applicant's leadership and service accomplishments as
well as awards, if applicable. The selection committee is looking for candidates
who have demonstrated a desire to serve others in their schools, churches, and
A short reflection that describes a prominent leader in your life:
How have they impacted you? What qualities make them a respectable leader? The essay should be between 250 and 500 words; it should be submitted in a double-spaced Word document with 12 point Times New Roman font and standard margins.
A statement indicating whether the applicant would be able to attend the North Carolina Outward Bound trip
. The trip is currently scheduled to occur in the first week of August. Although the trip
is an important part of the program, we realize that individuals may have specific
needs or circumstances that would not allow them to participate; if you are unable
to attend the trip, please explain why in your application.
Completed applications should be submitted to
Applications must be received by Friday, June 24, 2016.
if you have questions. | <urn:uuid:b843bcd8-39e3-410e-b4da-af780f11e912> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lagrange.edu/campus-life/lift/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00044-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93485 | 696 | 1.507813 | 2 |
SN754410 Motor Driver IC
This TI SN754410 motor driver features two H-bridges that can be used for bidirectional control of two DC motors or to control a single stepper motor. It operates from 4.5 to 36 V and can deliver a peak current of 1 A per channel (the continuous current you can deliver depends on how well you can keep the driver IC cool).
|Description||Specs (8)||Pictures (0)||Resources (1)||FAQs (0)||On the blog (1)|
The SN754410NE from Texas Instruments is a quadruple half-H driver that can be used for bidirectional control of two DC motors or to control a single bipolar stepper motor. You can use this item as a replacement part, to stack on an existing motor controller, or to make your own motor or other high-current device controller.
This integrated motor driver has the same pinout as the L293 that is popular in robotics applications, and the SN754410NE has the additional benefits of built-in protection diodes across the power transistors and output current capability of 1 A per driver. For even higher current applications, it is possible to physically stack two devices on top of each other to get almost 2 A of drive current, though we recommend you use a higher power driver in those cases, such as our DRV8835 dual motor driver carrier or DRV8833 dual motor driver carrier.
TI SN754410 (16-pin DIP) next to the DRV8835 dual motor driver carrier (14-pin DIP) for size reference.
Note: This chip requires additional circuitry to work and it is shipped without documentation. You can find the datasheet under the resources tab.
People often buy this product together with:
|Sharp GP2Y0A21YK0F Analog Distance Sensor 10-80cm|
|Tamiya 70168 Double Gearbox Kit| | <urn:uuid:a5e57605-4948-4780-92d2-c925f08bb53c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.pololu.com/product/24/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00283-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888996 | 410 | 1.835938 | 2 |
2 Answers | Add Yours
First, we have to understand that this is a subjective question. There is no objective way to determine what is or is not moral.
Second, in order to answer this, we must in some way define what we will say is moral. In this situation, I would say that the use of the bombs was moral if, on balance, they caused less suffering than would have happened had they not been used. Using this definition, I would argue that using the bombs was moral. However, there is no way to prove this.
If the bombs had not been used, the war would have continued. It is likely that the US would have had to invade Japan. The Soviet Union might have participated in the invasion. If these things had happened, there would have been at least two consequences. First, huge numbers of people, both Japanese and Allied, would have died. Many more people would surely have died in an invasion than were killed by the bombs. Second, if the Soviet Union had participated in the invasion, part of Japan would likely have become Soviet territory after the war just as part of Korea did. The people in that part of Japan would have been forced to live under Soviet rule.
Thus, it seems likely that more people would have died if the bombs had not been dropped. Additionally, some of the survivors would likely have lived under a brutal dictatorship as North Koreans do today. This seems to indicate that the use of the bombs was, on the whole, moral.
Controversies have arose over the moral nature of using atomic bombs to end the war against Japan, thus killing millions of innocent civilians. Such actions seemed to represent an attempt by the US to impose total control over Japan. Others have also claimed that there were other morally preferable ways to end the war in the Pacific. However, these claims are more than unjustified since it suggests that the morally better way to end the war was to continue relying on the Allied blockade, which would have starved the Japanese masses to death. Similarly, a bombing offensive was impossible as most of the infrastructure in Japan was already gone - in fact, Hiroshima and Nagasaki had been chosen as the targets as they were the only cities that were relatively intact in Japan. Any attempt to invade Japan would have only resulted in an Asia-wide bloodbath and a staggering number of casualties, prolonging the war. Therefore, there seemed to be no other viable alternatives to turn to, which could provide a quick end.
In evaluating whether the decision made by the US was the right one, one had to consider the fact that the circumstances or context in which the decision was made then were different from those of today. The world itself had been brutalized by prolonged fighting and had grown to accept a set of norms in warfare. They were thus able to agree with the notion that one final strike with a stronger weapon was not unreasonable. Submerged in so many years of total war, the atomic weapons appeared to be a viable option to end the war quickly, and in the eyes of the Allies, the fear of Japanese casualties was, unfortunately, not a significant concern of theirs. Perhaps it is the decision to use the second atomic bomb that was more problematic and morally ambiguous in nature since the first bomb had already clearly displayed the prowess that the Americans had at their disposal.
We’ve answered 319,199 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question | <urn:uuid:891f7a98-09c5-415a-837c-27a3ce46d066> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-extent-was-use-atomic-weapons-hiroshima-432827 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00327-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.991833 | 695 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Today the U.S. Food and Drug Administration released a safety communication to inform people with MS, doctors and others about potential risks associated with procedures and devices used to treat CCSVI (chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency). The communication from the FDA outlines these risks and encourages more research to provide better understanding of the relationship between CCSVI and MS and to guide possible treatment decisions by people with MS and their health care providers.
The safety communication provides specific recommendations for people with MS, health care providers, researchers and Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) – IRBs are independent committees that approve and monitor research involving people. For people with MS, the FDA communication notes that:
a definite link has not been established between MS and CCSVI;
the safety and effectiveness of using balloon angioplasty with or without stents in the internal jugular or azygos veins has not been established for any medical condition; nor has the FDA approved the use of these devices in these veins;
serious complications can occur as a result of CCSVI treatment procedures;
before considering treatment, the FDA recommends that people discuss potential risks and benefits with a neurologist who is familiar with MS and CCSVI;
before having any CCSVI procedure, the FDA recommends that people discuss with their health care provider the signs and symptoms of complications of these procedures;
people who undergo procedures to diagnose or treat CCSVI are recommended to continue following the MS treatment plan outlined by their health care providers;
anyone considering participating in a clinical trial for CCSVI is encouraged to learn as much as possible about the trial and ask questions of the health care team conducting the trial; and
anyone undergoing treatment for CCSVI who experiences a complication is encouraged to file a report with the FDA through the MedWatch, the FDA’s safety information and adverse event reporting program (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053074.htm)
The communication outlines adverse events connected with CCSVI treatment procedures that have been reported to the agency or reported in medical journals. These include two deaths, and incidents of stroke, blood clots, cranial nerve damage and abdominal bleeding. The communication notes that the frequency of these complications is unknown. It also notes that the FDA will continue to monitor for adverse events related to medical devices commonly used in CCSVI treatment, and keep the public informed as new information becomes available.
Learn more about the FDAs safety communications policies.
More Research Encouraged
The FDA communication encourages research to evaluate the relationship between CCSVI and MS and to characterize the safety and effectiveness of treatment procedures.
Although some individuals who have MS have undergone surgical procedures for CCSVI, there has not yet been a controlled trial to determine its effectiveness in treating the symptoms or course of the disease. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) announced in April 2012 that a research team had been chosen to conduct a phase I/II clinical trial to determine the safety of venous angioplasty and obtain evidence on patient outcomes in people with MS. The location of the study has not yet been announced. The clinical trial is a collaborative initiative between the CIHR and the MS Society of Canada. Read more about the CIHR announcement.
The National MS Society shares in the public urgency to advance the understanding of CCSVI as quickly as possible. In collaboration with the MS Society of Canada, the Society has been at the forefront of researching the potential links between CCSVI and MS and in July 2010 launched seven research studies with a commitment of more than $2.4 million. The research teams have recruited a broad spectrum of people with MS and others to build an understanding of who may be affected by CCSVI. In addition, they have been refining CCSVI imaging methods for accuracy and consistency to reliably validate the occurrence of CCSVI and understand its implications in the MS disease process. Read the 18-month progress report.
After the research projects are completed, the studies will be analyzed and submitted for publication in one or more scientific journals. At this point it isn’t clear when full data and results will be available to the public. In the meantime, several of the investigators have already been sharing their results with other scientists at medical meetings. Results from the seven projects as well as other studies will help guide the Society’s planning for future investments in this area of research.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Does the National MS Society support the FDA’s safety communication?
A: The Society supports the FDA’s effort to provide the most current clarifying information to people with MS and their health care providers so that they are better equipped to make informed treatment decisions.
The Society agrees with the FDA that research is needed to evaluate the relationship between CCSVI and MS. The Society fast-tracked its support for CCSVI research in early 2010 in collaboration with the MS Society of Canada and together we are funding $2.4 million in research grants.
We appreciate the FDA’s commitment to continuing to monitor this situation and to keep the public informed as new information becomes available.
Q: Does this FDA communication ban procedures to treat CCSVI?
A: No. It provides specific guidance about questions that should be considered by individuals and their health care providers before such a procedure is undertaken. In addition, the FDA’s safety communication notes the regulatory requirements for research using medical devices in CCSVI.
The FDA has not cleared or approved any angioplasty device or stents for the treatment of CCSVI and the use of such devices in treating CCSVI would be considered off-label at this time.
Q: Does the FDA communication have implications for the availability of venoplasty treatment for CCSVI?
A: At this time we do not know the implications of this communication for the availability of venoplasty treatment for CCSVI (venoplasty is angioplasty in veins).
Q: When does the FDA issue safety communications and what prompted them to issue one regarding CCSVI?
A: We don’t know what prompted this specific safety communication at this time. To learn more about the FDA’s policies around safety communications you can visit the FDA’s site: http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/default.htm
Q. Will this communication impact how my insurance company evaluates potential coverage for this procedure?
A: We don’t yet know the implications of this safety communication and whether it might impact insurance coverage. | <urn:uuid:85988997-c5fb-414d-a00a-c5aa6ffb49c3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nationalmssociety.org/About-the-Society/News/FDA-Issues-Safety-Communication-About-Procedures-t | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00082-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950241 | 1,363 | 2.515625 | 3 |
ARTICLES / General /
Early Diagnois /
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By Jennifer Bradley, Staff Writer
Researchers are also pursuing the
development of a blood test to screen for an individual
with Alzheimer’s by looking for certain proteins in the
blood called biomarkers. The goal of a successful
biomarker test would enable doctors to detect
Alzheimer’s before the symptoms appear.
Another example of an Alzheimer’s screener is an eye
test that would act as a diagnostic tool.
Early Treatment Counts
For someone with Alzheimer’s, changes
have occurred in their brain possibly even 20 years
prior to diagnosis. With an early diagnosis, or
even pre-diagnosis, as researchers are hoping to have in
the next decade, treatment options can be tailored to a
more preventive focus.
In the early stages of Alzheimer’s, a
loved one may experience increased irritability,
depression or anxiety. These typically are the result of
increased confusion and memory loss, but yet the ability
to know they can’t focus as well. For
behavioral-type symptoms, there are medications
available to assist. They can be targeted to a specific
symptom of the disease. However, looking for reasons
behind the behavior and addressing those may be just as
successful for a caregiver.
Many times, the person is overwhelmed,
by a setting or even a conversation they just can’t
participate in at the level they used to. A loved one
will benefit greatly by managing these “trigger”
situations. Find out what makes a loved one “tick” so to
speak, and avoid those at all costs. Between fear, and
then mental and physical fatigue, the wrong setting can
set a person into another door of frustration. A calm,
friendly environment is usually the best medicine for
someone with Alzheimer’s, even in the early days.
For the physical symptoms of memory
loss, confusion and problems with thinking/reasoning,
medication is the current mainstay. Two types are
approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration:
cholinesterase inhibitors (Aricept, Exelon, etc.) and
memantine (Namenda). Current medications can’t stop the
progression of the disease, but can lessen or stabilize
the symptoms for a period of time in some people.
Many caregivers report frustration with the current
medications, feeling that they are doing little or
nothing to help their loved ones, especially over a
period of time when the disease continues to progress
despite the medication.
The other treatment measure for early
Alzheimer’s comes in the form of sleep management. A
loved one with this condition will most likely have a
change in sleep patterns and difficulty with sleep.
While scientists still do not understand why, they do
know the “what.” People tend to wake up more and stay
awake longer during the night. Brain wave studies show a
decrease in dreaming and non-dreaming sleep stages. | <urn:uuid:249b59af-c1a3-482a-b541-10d984c92ae9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.caregiver.com/articles/general/early_diagnois2.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920185 | 669 | 3.015625 | 3 |
As the Senate Higher Education Committee meets this week, our state legislators have the opportunity to combat the student loan crisis by declaring a statewide goal to reduce student loan dependence. Increasing investments in grant aid and work-study to alleviate the student loan burden will further promote college attendance and completion. Other strategies to improve student success include encouraging student loan counseling, financial education, and early financial preparation, including encouraging participation in matched college savings accounts through programs offered by the Texas Match the Promise Foundation.
Texas college students, like the rest of the country, are racking up college debt. Nationally, combined student loan debt has surpassed the $1 trillion mark, outpacing credit card debt. With decreases in state financial grant aid, students are relying more on loans and off-campus work to cover their college expenses, forcing them to take fewer classes so they can work more hours, slowing time to graduation, and leaving many students with insufficient income to cover these obligations. While student loans can provide a pathway to graduation, too much loan dependence can lead to unmanageable debt.
More and more students and their families are shouldering the cost of college on their own, and this cost shift is coming at a time when Texas is attempting to strengthen the educational pipeline of opportunity to create the workforce and economy of the future. A more college-educated workforce increases economic vitality through higher personal incomes, a broader tax base, less reliance on public assistance, lower unemployment rates, lower crime rates, and better overall community well-being and opportunity. A college degree or credential can chart a career pathway that provides job security, a competitive edge in the job market, a middle-class income, and the opportunity to build assets that promote financial security.
For Texas, this challenge is especially important given the sharp rise in our child population over the last decade. And now nearly two-thirds of kids in Texas public schools are low-income or economically disadvantaged. Because these future college students will have fewer resources to pay for college, financial need will continue to grow.
Policymakers in Texas like to tout low tuition at Texas community colleges as the best financial aid program in Texas, yet community college students living near or below the poverty level still face a shortage of between $3,000 and $5,400 annually to pay for the total cost of attendance. These figures are even higher for students at four-year institutions. And our student loan default rates are soaring. Of those students at Texas’ public 2-year institutions who entered loan repayment in 2008, 19.6 percent defaulted within three years. Borrowers at 4-year public institutions fare better, but the rate is still too high at 9.2 percent.
Our state policymakers must live up to the promise of improving Texas’ college access and completion rates through adequate financial aid investments for low-income students. In the state’s higher education plan, Closing the Gaps by 2015, financial aid is included as a major strategy to close college enrollment gaps by providing “grants and scholarships to cover tuition, fees, and books for every student with financial need…” Yet progress is lagging, especially in participation among African American males and Hispanics. And state grants fail to serve all low-income students with financial need—half of eligible students do not receive a TEXAS Grant, our state’s largest grant aid source, because of recent budget cuts to an already underfunded system.
Texas has much to lose if we continue to deny the many aspiring and current college students the educational lifeline that grant aid provides. Shifting a larger share of the financial burden of paying for college to low-income students and families in the form of loan dependence will leave many college students struggling to make ends meet and saddled with debt. Texas can lead the country in tackling the student loan crisis with enhanced investment in grant aid, early financial preparation, and encouraging college savings.
Leslie Helmcamp is an economic opportunity policy analyst at the Center for Public Policy Priorities. Her work is part of OpportunityTexas, a project to move more Texas families toward greater economic opportunity through academic and financial education and savings. | <urn:uuid:f17fbceb-3739-4026-94e4-e99cd3c17676> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gilmermirror.com/pages/full_story/push?article-Student+loan+debt-Ways+to+alleviate+burden+proposed%20&id=20140801 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957579 | 840 | 2.171875 | 2 |
No Speed Limit
Three Essays on Accelerationism
Proposes a vision of survival and flourishing in the face of economic and environmental catastrophe
To get beyond capitalism, we need to push its technologies to the point where they explode. Steven Shaviro argues that accelerationism—the bastard offspring of a furtive liaison between Marxism and science fiction—works as a powerful artistic program.
Accelerationism is the bastard offspring of a furtive liaison between Marxism and science fiction. Its basic premise is that the only way out is the way through: to get beyond capitalism, we need to push its technologies to the point where they explode. This may be dubious as a political strategy, but it works as a powerful artistic program.
Other authors have debated the pros and cons of accelerationist politics; No Speed Limit makes the case for an accelerationist aesthetics. Our present moment is illuminated, both for good and for ill, in the cracked mirror of science-fictional futurity.
Forerunners is a thought-in-process series of breakthrough digital works. Written between fresh ideas and finished books, Forerunners draws on scholarly work initiated in notable blogs, social media, conference plenaries, journal articles, and the synergy of academic exchange. This is gray literature publishing: where intense thinking, change, and speculation take place in scholarship. | <urn:uuid:fa4f5298-8f07-495e-bf7b-4f473e2c97ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/no-speed-limit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00543-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920304 | 271 | 1.65625 | 2 |
When the Supreme Court last June overturned a section of the Defense of Marriage Act saying that in the eyes of the federal government only man-woman unions count as marriages, the court said it wasn’t questioning the authority of the states to bar same-sex marriage if they wish. Thirty-three states now do.
Predictably, nonetheless, dozens of lawsuits in many parts of the country are currently underway in an effort to hand gay marriage advocates what they’ve wanted all along — a Supreme Court decision declaring that the Constitution gives same-sex couples a right to marry overriding state laws to the contrary.
One or more of these cases will reach the Supreme Court soon, perhaps as early as next year, and will set the stage — so the advocates hope — for such a ruling. Against this background, it’s more important than ever to have a realistic understanding of what this argument is really all about.
Consider, then, these words of a federal judge named Robert J. Shelby in his opinion last December striking down Utah’s refusal to recognize same-sex marriage: “The state’s current laws deny its gay and lesbian citizens their fundamental right to marry and, in doing so, demean the dignity of these same-sex couples for no rational reason.”
That’s the case for gay marriage in a nutshell. It makes sense if — and only if — you accept the judge’s unstated assumption that unions that necessarily exclude goods and purposes that up to now have been held to be at the heart of marriage are “marriages” just the same. The goods and purposes in question are man-woman complementarity and openness to the begetting of children.
If ever there was a redefinition of marriage, it’s this. But so what? After all, doesn’t restricting marriage to man-woman couples deny gays and lesbians the right to marry and thus, as Judge Shelby says, demean their dignity?
No, it doesn’t. For one thing, since gay marriage is, in the opposed view, no marriage at all, the choice to enter into such a union can’t be called an exercise of the right to marry. As for demeaning gays and lesbians, same-sex couples are no more demeaned by telling them their radical redefinition of marriage doesn’t satisfy rational criteria for marriage than I would be demeaned by being told I can’t play second base for the Chicago Cubs.
At bottom, the gay marriage debate isn’t about whether a smallish number of people can enter into unions that must be recognized as marriages despite their failure to satisfy rational criteria for marriage. Rather, what’s happening here is a conflict of worldviews at a far deeper level.
One holds that the reality of marriage is a given of nature that can’t be changed by courts or legislatures or public opinion polls. The other holds marriage to be a product of social convention, subject to redefinition and re-configuration ad infinitum at the pleasure of those who have the power. But if that’s how it is with marriage, someone might reasonably ask, what else? The answer, as we already know from the experience of legalized abortion and the continuing pressure for legalized euthanasia, extends to human life itself.
Come November, voters in Oregon may find two marriage-related initiatives on the ballot. One declares approval for same-sex marriage. The other offers protection against being penalized to people who refuse in conscience to cooperate with the new marriage regime. The first seems likely to pass. The fate of the second is problematical. And that’s the world we live in now.
Russell Shaw is an OSV contributing editor. | <urn:uuid:f33053a9-b2d3-442a-91f5-202a7d210c1c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.osv.com/TheChurch/Mary/Article/TabId/660/ArtMID/13700/ArticleID/14094/Same-sex-marriage-and-the-world-we-live-in-now.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00065-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956439 | 777 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Guideline for Prevention of Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections, 2009
I. Executive Summary
This guideline updates and expands the original Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Guideline for Prevention of Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) published in 1981. Several developments necessitated revision of the 1981 guideline, including new research and technological advancements for preventing CAUTI, increasing need to address patients in non-acute care settings and patients requiring long-term urinary catheterization, and greater emphasis on prevention initiatives as well as better defined goals and metrics for outcomes and process measures. In addition to updating the previous guideline, this revised guideline reviews the available evidence on CAUTI prevention for patients requiring chronic indwelling catheters and individuals who can be managed with alternative methods of urinary drainage (e.g., intermittent catheterization). The revised guideline also includes specific recommendations for implementation, performance measurement, and surveillance. Although the general principles of CAUTI prevention have not changed from the previous version, the revised guideline provides clarification and more specific guidance based on a defined, systematic review of the literature through July 2007. For areas where knowledge gaps exist, recommendations for further research are listed. Finally, the revised guideline outlines high-priority recommendations for CAUTI prevention in order to offer guidance for implementation.
This document is intended for use by infection prevention staff, healthcare epidemiologists, healthcare administrators, nurses, other healthcare providers, and persons responsible for developing, implementing, and evaluating infection prevention and control programs for healthcare settings across the continuum of care. The guideline can also be used as a resource for societies or organizations that wish to develop more detailed implementation guidance for prevention of CAUTI.
Our goal was to develop a guideline based on a targeted systematic review of the best available evidence, with explicit links between the evidence and recommendations. To accomplish this, we used an adapted GRADE system approach for evaluating quality of evidence and determining strength of recommendations. The methodology, structure, and components of this guideline are approved by HICPAC and will be used for subsequent guidelines issued by HICPAC. A more detailed description of our approach is available in the Methods section.
To evaluate the evidence on preventing CAUTI, we examined data addressing three key questions and related subquestions:
- Who should receive urinary catheters?
- When is urinary catheterization necessary?
- What are the risk factors for CAUTI?
- What populations are at highest risk of mortality related to urinary catheters?
- For those who may require urinary catheters, what are the best practices?
Specifically, what are the risks and benefits associated with:
- Different approaches to catheterization?
- Different catheters or collecting systems?
- Different catheter management techniques?
- Different systems interventions (i.e., quality improvement programs)?
- What are the best practices for preventing CAUTI associated with obstructed urinary catheters?
Evidence addressing the key questions was used to formulate recommendations, and explicit links between the evidence and recommendations are available in the Evidence Review in the body of the guideline and Evidence Tables and GRADE Tables in the Appendices. It is important to note that Category I recommendations are all considered strong recommendations and should be equally implemented; it is only the quality of the evidence underlying the recommendation that distinguishes between levels A and B. Category IC recommendations are required by state or federal regulation and may have any level of supporting evidence.
The categorization scheme used in this guideline is presented in Table 1 in the Summary of Recommendations and described further in the Methods section.
The Summary of Recommendations is organized as follows: 1) recommendations for who should receive indwelling urinary catheters (or, for certain populations, alternatives to indwelling catheters); 2) recommendations for catheter insertion; 3) recommendations for catheter maintenance; 4) quality improvement programs to achieve appropriate placement, care, and removal of catheters; 5) administrative infrastructure required; and 6) surveillance strategies.
The Implementation and Audit section includes a prioritization of recommendations (i.e., high-priority recommendations that are essential for every healthcare facility), organized by modules, in order to provide facilities more guidance on implementation of these guidelines. A list of recommended performance measures that can potentially be used for internal reporting purposes is also included.
Areas in need of further research identified during the evidence review are outlined in the Recommendations for Further Research. This section includes guidance for specific methodological approaches that should be used in future studies.
Readers who wish to examine the primary evidence underlying the recommendations are referred to the Evidence Review in the body of the guideline, and the Evidence Tables and GRADE Tables in the Appendices. The Evidence Review includes narrative summaries of the data presented in the Evidence Tables and GRADE Tables. The Evidence Tables include all study-level data used in the guideline, and the GRADE Tables assess the overall quality of evidence for each question. The Appendices also contain a clearly delineated search strategy that will be used for periodic updates to ensure that the guideline remains a timely resource as new information becomes available. | <urn:uuid:04eb4279-0450-4bb9-8433-3adc083dce1a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.cdc.gov/hicpac/cauti/003_cauti2009_execSum.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00227-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912631 | 1,058 | 1.851563 | 2 |
29th April 2022 Current Affairs
IMPORTANT CURRENT AFFAIRS KEY POINTS – DOWNLOAD PDF
29th April 2022 Current Affairs is provided below:
1. Government reappoints ‘Vijay Sampla’ as Chairperson of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) for a second time:
- 338 of the Indian constitution deals with the National Commission for Scheduled Castes.
- 338A – National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
- Estb: 2004
- 1st Chairman – Suraj Bhan
2. Book released:
- Book – Not Just A Night Watchman: My Innings in the BCCI
- Author – Vinod Rai
3. International Girls in ICT Day:
- Observed on April 28 (the 4th Thursday in April)
- Theme 2022: Access & Safety
- To inspire the next generation of girls and young women to prosper in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) careers.
4. Maharashtra – the first state to track the portability of ICDS scheme:
- Maharashtra has developed a website based Migration Tracking System (MTS) application to track the movement of migrant workers through individual unique identity numbers.
- Integrated Child Development Services Scheme.
- Launched on October 2, 1975.
- Centrally Sponsored Scheme
- Implemented by the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
5. International Dance Day:
- Observed on April 29
- To celebrate the birth anniversary of Jean – Georges Noverre, the creator of modern ballet.
6. IndiGo becomes the first airline to use indigenous navigation system GAGAN:
- India becomes the third country in the world to have its own space-based augmentation system after the USA and Japan.
- GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation
- Jointly developed by ISRO and AAI
- System of satellites and ground stations that provide GPS signal corrections, giving you better position accuracy.
- Launched – 2001
- Founded – 2006;
- H.Q – Gurugram, Haryana
7. Book Released:
- Book – The First Responders: Women Who led India through the pandemic.
- Author – Jayashree Balasubramanian, Sunaina Kumar, Anirban Sarma, Vanita Sharma and Shoba Suri
- Published by Reliance Foundation and Observer Research Foundation.
8. ANIC 2.0:
- Atal New India Challenge 2.0
- It is a flagship program of Atal Innovation Mission, Niti Aayog.
- To support innovations in areas critical to India’s development and growth – Education, Health, water and sanitation, etc.
FOR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS QUIZ – CLICK HERE
DOWNLOAD SAMACHEER BOOKS PDF – CLICK HERE
DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS QUIZ 2021 – CLICK HERE
DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS NOTES 2022 – CLICK HERE
DOWNLOAD OUR MOBILE APP FOR FREE TEST BATCH | <urn:uuid:6ec02cdd-b7cc-494f-8133-cd93e60e5ea9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stayupdatedtnpsc.in/29th-april-2022-current-affairs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.830469 | 665 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Photo: Texas Military ForcesCross-posted from the Center for American Progress. This post was coauthored by Valeri Vasquez, special assistant for energy policy at the Center for American Progress, and Ben Kaldunski, a former intern with the Energy Team at American Progress.
“April is the cruelest month.” – T. S. Eliot
April 2011 has been a cruel month indeed for Americans due to extreme weather. The Weather Channel observed that:
It’s been a truly awful, record-setting, tornadic April. We’ve had eleven major severe weather events, some lasting multiple days.
These extreme events included supercell thunderstorms in Iowa, severe drought and record wildfires in Texas, and heavy rains across the United States. The recent Southeastern storms and tornados took at least 297 lives across eight states. And heavy rains in the Mississippi River valley could cause the most severe, damaging floods there in nearly a century.
This extreme weather, though record setting in some places, may be the new normal. Last year, unprecedented extreme weather led to a record number of disaster declarations by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The United States and the world were swept by flooding, severe winter storms, heat waves, droughts, hurricanes, and tornadoes.
The extreme weather of 2010 exacted a huge human and economic toll as well. More than 380 people died and 1,700 were injured due to weather events in the United States throughout the year. And the magnitude of these events forced the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, to declare 81 disasters last year. For nearly 60 years, the annual average has been 33. In 2010, total damages exceeded a whopping $6.7 billion. As of April 2011, FEMA had dedicated more than $2 billion in financial assistance to those harmed by extreme weather in 2010.
A February 2011 special report from Reuters noted that it’s been rough going for the $500 billion U.S. property insurance business, explaining that “storms are happening in places they never happened before, at intensities they have never reached before and at times of year when they didn’t used to happen.”
It is precisely this uncertainty “associated with climate change that substantiates the risks to the economy and society,” says George Backus, of the Discrete Mathematics and Complex Systems Department at Sandia National Laboratories. This is bad news for a nation just emerging from the grips of the Great Recession. Per Backus, a 2010 report from Sandia estimates that “the climate uncertainty as it pertains to rainfall alone [puts] the U.S. economy is at risk of losing between $600 billion and $2 trillion, and between 4 million and 13 million U.S. jobs over the next 40 years.”
Evan Mills, a scientist in the Environmental Energy Technologies Division at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, confirms that in the United States, “insured weather-related losses in recent years have been trending upward much faster than population, inflation, or insurance penetration, and far outpace losses for non-weather-related events.”
It is difficult, of course, to link or “attribute” individual extreme weather events in a single year to global warming. Climate factors — including human influences — shape weather patterns. According to Munich Re, one of the world’s largest reinsurers, “the only plausible explanation for the rise in weather-related catastrophes is climate change.” And as Kevin Trenberth, head of the Climate Analysis Section at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, explained at the American Meteorological Society’s January 2011 meeting, “Given that global warming is unequivocal, the null hypothesis should be that all weather events are affected by global warming rather than the inane statements along the lines of ‘of course we cannot attribute any particular weather event to global warming.'”
In other words, says Trenberth, “It’s not the right question to ask if this storm or that storm is due to global warming, or is it natural variability. Nowadays, there’s always an element of both.”
Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse-gas pollutants are turning up the heat on our planet. Scientists agree that the string of disastrous weather extremes this past year are the types of severe weather that will become more frequent or ferocious as the planet continues to warm. For instance, in the “first major paper of its kind” tracking global climatic trends from 1951 to 1999, Scottish and Canadian researchers used sophisticated computer models to confirm a human contribution to more intense precipitation extremes with very high confidence.
This analysis is supported by a 2010 Duke University-led study that found, “Global warming is driving increased frequency of extreme wet or dry summer weather in southeast, so droughts and deluges are likely to get worse.”
A study published in the 2011 Journal of Climate presents “evidence of a significant human influence on the increasing severity of extremely warm nights and decreasing severity of extremely cold days and nights.”
Likewise, a report by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate Central, The Weather Channel, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shows that “if temperatures were not warming, the number of record daily highs and lows being set each year would be approximately even. Instead … record high temperatures far outpace record lows across the U.S.”
The recent extreme weather should not be a surprise. In 1999, Trenberth projected that global warming would lead to severe precipitation:
An increase in heavy precipitation events should be a primary manifestation of the climate change that accompanies increases in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Nine years later, the U.S. Climate Change Program under President George W. Bush came to a very similar conclusion. “Heavy downpours have become more frequent and intense. Droughts are becoming more severe in some regions.” These are some of the extreme weather events we experienced this April, and in 2010.
Because we have not brought carbon pollution under control, the weather events of 2010 will continue to revisit us — with a vengeance. We must act quickly and unequivocally to address climate change before the threat becomes insurmountable. This includes recognizing that global warming is already affecting us both domestically and internationally.
The purpose of our report [PDF] is to gather, condense, and synthesize some of the massive amount of data about extreme weather and its links to global warming. This summary of climate science can help provide context to the recent surge in extreme weather events. In this report, we will catalogue the extreme U.S. weather in 2010 and then examine the consequences on our health and economy.
As we note in the conclusion, conservatives remain eager to dismiss these weather extremes by claiming they are solely due to natural variability. What’s more, the House of Representatives voted to defund federal science programs that gather and analyze the data essential to understand changes in global weather patterns and other climate impacts. But all this denial cannot make this threat disappear. We must act before cruel Aprils occur every month. | <urn:uuid:fa1371e0-45c5-4be6-8368-57dcce29a89a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://grist.org/climate-change/2011-04-29-extreme-weather-costs-lives-health-economy-and-could-be-here/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717954.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00509-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943591 | 1,474 | 2.984375 | 3 |
One way to improve your business's bottom line is to lower your business's tax bill by taking advantage of the many deductions available to you. Business expenses do not include expenses used to calculate the cost of goods sold, capital expenses or personal expenses. Categorizing your expenses and keeping good records as you accrue them will help you accurately prepare your annual returns and pay fewer taxes.
If you do business out of your home, you may deduct the expenses associated with that square footage. These expenses include part of your rent or mortgage, insurance, repairs and utilities. For example, if the square footage of your home office is 10 percent of the total square footage of your house or apartment, you can deduct a portion of these expenses based on that percentage. The office space must be used exclusively for business, be your principal place of business and you must use it regularly. Holding one business meeting a year in your den does not allow you to deduct your den as a home office. Using your kitchen table -- where you also eat your family meals -- to do business paperwork, does not qualify your kitchen as deductible office space.
Travel, Entertainment, Gifts and Auto
If you use your truck or car for business, you may deduct 50 cents per mile traveled on business, based on the 2010 IRS standard mileage deduction. You may not deduct your normal commute to and from work each day, but may deduct the mileage you travel to pick up and deliver goods, attend meetings or perform other business-related activities. The standard mileage deduction covers your gas, oil, fluids, and wear and tear on your car, so you may not separately write off those expenses once you take the standard deduction. If you leave town and stay overnight on business, you may deduct your hotel, air, train or bus travel or rental car, meals, tips and other business-related expenses you incur during your trip. If you take a client to a ball game or dinner, you may deduct the client's portion of your expenditures, generally about 50 percent of the bill. You may deduct $25 per gift you give to a client.
Wages and Benefits
You may deduct wages, salaries and fees to contractors for work they perform. This includes payments for any retirement programs you have.
If you rent your office or building, you may deduct this as a business expense. You may not deduct these payments if, by making them, you accrue any equity or title to the property.
Interest and Insurance
If you borrow money to operate your business, you may deduct that interest as an expense of doing business. You may deduct the cost of insurance. This would include liability insurance, workers' compensation insurance, directors' and officers' insurance, and property insurance, covering assets such as your trucks or building.
- Jeffrey Coolidge/Photodisc/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:a81a65e0-3d2d-4eb4-a6a9-e05211a20e97> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://smallbusiness.chron.com/irs-guidelines-business-expenses-4878.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00382-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960936 | 571 | 1.625 | 2 |
The Atkins diet is based on limiting consumption of carbohydrates to prevent the body from storing food as fat and to also promote the body to burn fat reserves for energy to lose weight. When the body is not taking in carbohydrates, insulin levels in the blood remain low, prompting ketosis, a process in which the body burns fat for energy. Atkins places a high focus on net carbohydrates, or carbohydrates remaining to be stored in the body following the digestion of a food. The fewer net carbs in a food, the more efficiently the carbohydrates within the food are being used and fewer calories are stored within the body, meaning that the body can continue to burn fat reserves instead of adding to them.
Also referred to as Blood Glucose Level, Blood Sugar is a measure of the amount of glucose present per unit of blood. Glucose is the energy source for all of the cells in the human body, so blood sugar is, in effect, a measure of how much energy the blood is carrying to the cells. Blood sugar levels have to be closely regulated, however, as extreme highs or extreme lows can be dangerous. High levels of blood glucose can have a toxic effect on the body and low levels can deplete cell function and cause numerous physical and psychological side effects. Blood sugar levels fluctuate throughout the day depending on a variety of factors including food intake, stress, and activity level, but there are many important and dependable methods to self-monitor and self-regulate.
When used to reference food and nutrition, carbohydrates are molecules that carry and deliver energy that can be broken down and utilized by humans. Carbohydrates are extracted from food during metabolism and carried to the blood as glucose, where they can be used immediately as energy or stored as fat for later use. There are two types of carbohydrates that one should be familiar with: complex carbohydrates and simple carbohydrates. Complex and simple carbohydrates metabolize differently during digestion and tend to impact the body differently during metabolism.
Complex carbohydrates are a type of carbohydrate that has a tendency to break down more slowly during metabolism, leading to a slower, more stable introduction of glucose into the blood than with simple carbohydrates. Because of the physiology behind blood sugar and insulin reaction, complex carbohydrates generally have a milder impact on the body and do not cause dramatic blood sugar fluctuations to the degree that simple carbohydrates do. Not all complex carbohydrate sources follow this trend, however; the glycemic index is a far more accurate method for assessing a food’s impact on one’s blood sugar levels.
Diabetes Mellitus, or diabetes, is a metabolic disease derived from the body’s resistance to or inability to produce the chemical insulin, a vital component to the metabolic process. There are two types of the disease. Type 1 diabetes refers to an inability to produce insulin, therefore restricting the body’s ability to self-regulate blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes refers to a resistance to insulin, a condition in which the body doesn’t properly manage blood glucose levels because the insulin in the body is not being utilized normally. In both cases, blood sugar levels are subject to greater fluctuations than is normal or safe, and numerous precautions must be taken to regulate blood sugar levels using external means, lifestyle changes, dietary restrictions, and other methods.
The study of the endocrine system, or the systems of glands throughout the body charged with the creation and secretion of regulatory hormones. Endocrinology closely relates to nutrition and metabolism as many of the hormones created and secreted by the endocrine system directly affect the digestive system of the human body and the metabolism process involving the conversion of food to energy.
Gestational diabetes is a condition in which women experience symptoms of diabetes during pregnancy due to fluctuation in hormones that affect the metabolism process. Though gestational diabetes typically subsides following pregnancy, women affected by it are then at a much higher risk for developing type 2 or even type 1 diabetes after the pregnancy, and their children are at a higher risk of childhood obesity and diabetes. Risk factors include maternal age, weight, family history of diabetes, smoking, and ethnic background. Exercise, proper diet and lifestyle management are the leading methods of prevention and management of the condition.
A protein compound derived from processed wheat products and primary source of protein in wheat products and cereals. A few whole grains such as quinoa and millet, do not contain gluten. A very small percentage of Americans have celiac disease or have a sensitivity to wheat, in which case the avoidance of gluten products is essential. For those who do not experience sensitivity to wheat products, gluten does not pose a health risk or a nutritional detriment.
The Glycemic Index is an assessment of the impact that a food has on the consumer’s blood sugar levels, or the rapidity at which a food is metabolized and converted to soluble glucose. Foods with a G.I. rating of 70 or above are considered high G.I. foods, having a severe impact on blood sugar levels. Foods with a G.I. rating of 55 or below are considered low G.I. foods, having a mild, moderated effect on blood sugar levels. The body responds very differently to foods with varying Glycemic levels, and in this sense the Glycemic Index is an effective method of familiarizing oneself with the effects that different foods will have on the body. In general, high G.I. foods will induce a strong regulatory insulin reaction from the body in order to counteract the food’s impact on blood sugar.
The Glycogen Rebound Effect is a natural defensive process used by the body to artificially raise blood sugar levels in cases of extremely low blood sugar. Also known as the Somogyi effect, the Glycogen Rebound Effect is a dangerous bodily response to abormally long periods of fasting or low blood sugar. When blood sugar levels hit a low point, the body releases glucagon and instead of burning glucose derived from food for energy, the body burns glycogen that had been previously stored. The glucagon in the blood, combined with the other hormones released during the rebound phenomena, work to elevate blood sugar levels and sustain them at a higher level than normal. This rebound effect is typically due to long periods of fasting or excessive insulin at night. High blood sugar can manifest itself in the form of blurred vision, fatigue, stupor, or even coma; it's a very dangerous condition, especially for diabetics.
Mono-unsaturated fats, poly-unsaturated fats, and Omega 3 fats that can lower your LDL ('bad' cholesterol), total cholesterol and triglycerides (blood fats). Poly- and monounsaturated fats work to sustain HDL ('good' cholesterol), which helps to maintain and improve cell and nerve function. Omega-3 is often referred to as an essential fatty acid, or one that is required by the body for normal growth and digestive processes. These healthy fats can be found within fish, beans, meat and vegetables. Fish is especially high in essential fatty acids and can be highly beneficial to heart health.
A state of significantly raised blood sugar resulting from elevated levels of glucose in the blood, due to the body’s inability to properly sustain safe or normal blood sugar levels as might be the case in those with diabetes. Excessively high blood glucose can have a toxic effect on the body, as the body is improperly utilizing blood glucose and is entering ketoacidosis.
A state of significantly lowered blood sugar resulting from depleted levels of glucose in the blood due to a lack of food energy reaching the body or due to excessive insulin levels. Prolonged fasting, intestinal disorders, and diabetes are primary causes of hypoglycemia, though a hypoglycemic state can also be a side effect of certain medications. Symptoms of hypoglycemia can include headaches, nausea, disorientation, extreme hunger, chills, fatigue, lethargy and disturbed vision, among many other potentially harmful symptoms.
A hormone produced by the body to regulate the metabolism and storage of glucose in the body. When there is more glucose present in the blood than the body’s rate of consumption of glucose for energy demands, insulin converts the glucose to glycogen, which can be stored by the body for later use. Insulin also prevents fat from being burned as an energy source so that the glucose in the blood can be used efficiently. Without a proper insulin response, the body would experience dramatic swings in blood glucose levels that can result in alternating hypo- and hyperglycemia, causing a myriad of harmful consequences.
An insulin adjustment refers to the process in which a person with diabetes who is unable to control their blood sugar manually by injecting themselves with insulin after meals to counteract fluctuations in blood sugar caused by food. People with diabetes must rigorously manage their blood sugar using blood glucose meters and, in some cases, glucose pumps. Insulin adjustments can be administered through pumps or by needle injections, which can often be painful. Injection sites must be carefully rotated around the body to ensure that the proper dosage is received.
The metabolic response of the body to the intake of food energy for the purpose of regulating blood sugar. As food is digested, glucose is released into the blood stream to be consumed as fuel by the cells. If there is more glucose flowing through the blood than the body currently demands, the body responds by secreting insulin. Insulin stores the excess glucose as glycogen for later use and calls for the body to begin storing glycerol
A condition where the body burns fat for fuel, often as a result of a lack of incoming food energy. In extreme low-carb diets, this is a desirable state, as the body is burning more fat off than it is storing. Many clinicians qualify ketosis as highly dangerous and potentially fatal; ketones, a compound released during fat burning, may have a cumulative toxic effect on the kidneys.
A condition where the body is unable to store or utilize glucose as energy for the cells, instead resorting to the burning of fat for fuel at an unhealthy rate, usually caused by malnutrition or an illness such as diabetes. As fat is broken down, byproducts called ketones can build up, causing a variety of painful and potentially harmful symptoms including fruity breath, rapid and labored breathing, abdominal pain, nausea, headaches and other side effects. The body responds by releasing glucose into the blood, compounding the problem with a sudden peak in blood sugar levels and adding to the mix the common side effects of hyperglycemia.
Low-glycemic refers to a food product that ranks low on the scale of the Glycemic Index, meaing that the carbohydrates (if any) within a food have a minimal effect on blood sugar. The lower the glycemic index rating, it's likely that the food either has fewer carbohydrates or that those carbohydrates metabolize slowly and reach the blood gradually. Low glycemic foods are a part of many weight loss programs and diets because they do not incur the insulin response, a process in which the body stores excess food energy as fat.
Of or relating to the physiology of the conversion of food to energy.
The body’s process of converting food energy to glucose, which can be used by bodily cells as fuel.
A measure of the number of carbohydrates left over after the metabolism process of a food, or a measure of how many carbohydrates are stored rather than used following consumption of a food. Because net carbs aren’t efficiently used by the body, the number of net carbs can help to illustrate the impact that a food will have on blood sugar levels and how many carbohydrates from a food are unnecessary. The general formula for determining net carbohydrate content is to subtract the fiber content of a food from the total carbohydrate content. After you attain this number, if a food contains sugar alcohols, half of the sugar alcohol content should be subtracted from it. Sugar alcohols have a varying glycemic impact, thus it is a sound practice to underestimate their impact on the net carb formula. To learn how to count net carbohydrates, visit our 'How To Use' page.
Simple carbohydrates are a type of carbohydrate that has a tendency to break down more quickly during metabolism, leading to a more rapid, less stable introduction of glucose into the blood than with complex carbohydrates. Because of the physiology behind blood sugar and insulin reaction, complex carbohydrates generally have a more dramatic impact on the body and can cause dramatic blood sugar fluctuations, often requiring an insulin response to balance out.
Developed originally as a diet meant for heart health, the South Beach diet quickly became a national favorite for weight loss. The foundation of the diet is based on the fact that people gradually become resistent to the insulin within their own bodies, causing the body to produce excessive insulin, eventually this could lead to diabetes and constant hunger. To avoid incurring the insulin response, the diet is based on foods with low glycemic index ratings and preaches the dieter to distinguish between 'good carbs' and 'bad carbs' based on their glycemic index value.
The spike-crash-crave cycle is a repetitive, destructive physiological cycle that is often the result of repeatedly consuming unhealthy foods with very high glycemic index ratings. After eating one of these foods, blood sugar levels will rise very quickly and cause a powerful insulin response to drive blood sugar back down. With high-glycemic foods, the insulin response incurred is often excessive and drives blood sugar too low. Once blood sugar bottoms out, the person will feel extremely hungry and may overeat, causing the cycle to start right back at the beginning. Because of the repetitive eating caused by the cycle and the accelerated fat storage prompted by the insulin response, the 'Spike-Crash-Crave' cycle can cause significant weight gain and health problems.
Sugar Alcohols are artificial sweeteners that appear in low-sugar or sugar-free foods. Because they are not metabolized fully by the body, they do not have the same effect on blood sugar that regular sugars do. They are regarded as a safe alternative to traditional sugars in order to lower calorie and carbohydrate counts in foods. Another advantage of sugar alcohols in comparison to table sugar is that sugar alcohols do not have the same effect as sugar on the teeth, meaning that they do not cause tooth decay as sugar tends to do. The most prominent sugar alcohol in Extend Nutrition products is Maltitol, a sugar alcohol common in many food products due to its high sweetness. Many sugar alcohols are significantly less sweet than sugar, thus Maltitol is at an advantage to other sugar alcohols because less is required for the same level of flavor and sweetness.
Type 1 diabetes refers to a kind of diabetes that results from the immune system targeting and destroying the insulin-producing beta cells within the body, rendering the body unable to moderate blood sugar. Type 1 diabetes may eventually lead to a complete inability to produce insulin at all, a fatal condition that must be carefully managed by monitoring and adjusting insulin manually. Type 1 diabetes was previously referred to as juvenile diabetes, because the symptoms for the disease typically showed up at an early age. In some cases, Type 1 diabetes can go undiagnosed or the autoimmune destruction of beta cells can occur later in life. As a result, the 'juvenile' label, become less appropriate. Approximately 5% of people with diabetes have type 1 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes is a far more common form of diabetes compared to type 1; nearly 90% of the diabetic population has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Unlike type 1 diabetes, in which the body destroys its own insulin-producing cells, type 2 diabetes usually caused by an inability to produce enough insulin or a resistence to insulin developed later in life. Factors in the development of the disease include poor diet, inactivity, genetics and some medical conditions. Once a patient is diagnosed with diabetes, it is unlikely that they will be completely 'cured' of the disease, but it is considerably easier to manage with proper eating habits, exercise and lifestyle changes combined with proper management of blood sugar levels.
Uncooked corn starch is the active ingredient in Extend Nutrition products. It is an extremely low-glycemic complex carbohydrate that breaks down very slowly during the metabolism process. Because the energy from uncooked corn starch reaches the blood sugar at a very slow, stable rate, it can have a long-lasting moderating effect on blood sugar.
Saturated fats and trans fats raise your LDL (bad) cholesterol. Saturated fats are fats most often found in meat and dairy products and even more so among processed foods. Trans fats are found exclusively in processed foods and are not a natural fat at all; they are a result of food preservation processes. Part of the challenge of eating wisely is that many of the processed foods that are sugar-free or low carb are also high in saturated or trans fats, and because of the danger they can pose to your heart health, it's always best to check labels to verify saturated and trasn fat content. | <urn:uuid:f8c120fd-1479-4966-8cf6-81ccbfdaae42> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://extendbar.com/pages/glossary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00302-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944197 | 3,453 | 3.90625 | 4 |
Santa is coming to town, but many will not be overjoyed
By Barbara Pierce
Merry Christmas! Happy New Year! ‘Tis the season to be jolly!
Well, not for all of us.
With all the glitter and merry, many are in caves of gloom. This time of year can especially tough. Some of us would prefer to skip the holidays and just fast- forward to January.
Many things add to the stress and difficult emotions of this month. Some of the struggles we face:
• Relative time: Because the holidays are so stressful, tensions can arise even in the closest of families. Old grudges can surface. Just because you’re related to someone doesn’t mean that you get along or even like him or her.
“If seeing your family is stressful, set time limits,” said Deanna Brady, psychiatric nurse practitioner and owner of Present Tense Psychiatry in Clinton.
“Take the initiative to plan where you will get together with them. For example, if you’re more comfortable at your mom’s than at your sister’s, choose to go to your mom’s. Limit how long you’ll stay — just excuse yourself. Think ahead about various options until you come up with a scenario that makes you feel comfortable,” Brady advises. “Don’t isolate yourself during the holidays. Participate with others, but on your terms.”
Practice acceptance of others. When you have an issue with a family member, they won’t change — don’t expect that maybe this year will be better. Accepting others as they are, with their weaknesses, doesn’t mean being blind to their shortcomings. It just means you stop fighting it. You work around it.
• Loss and grief: “When you’re grieving a loved one’s death, the holidays can be especially painful,” said Melissa Kehler, facilitator of Grief Survivors at the Good News Center in Utica. Grief Survivors support groups meet weekly to help people who have had a loss.
“Honor your feelings of grief and loss during the holidays,” advised Kehler. “Feelings are neither good nor bad; they just are. It’s OK to be sad. It’s OK to cry.” Also, don’t feel guilty if you do find yourself having a good time during celebrations.
“Don’t be pressured by tradition,” added Kehler. “If you don’t feel like putting up a tree, don’t.”
And, the person who is grieving wants to hear the name of their loved one, but the family avoids talking about that person, she said. “The griever needs to be the one who brings it up. You might say: ‘Tell me about a time you were with Uncle Charlie.’ The griever sets the tone,” Kehler said.
Honor those who have passed
Finding a way to honor your loved one during the holiday celebrations can be especially meaningful. “Consider setting a place at the table for the one who died, and everyone puts a word of gratitude for that person on the plate, or says one thing about the person,” Kehler suggested.
Kehler invites those who are grieving to a “Surviving the Holidays” seminar set for 5:30 p.m. Dec. 12 at The Good News Center, 10475 Cosby Manor Road, Utica.
Call 315-735-6210 or visit www.thegoodnewscenter.org for more information.
The free seminar will help participants discover how to deal with emotions, what to do about traditions, tips for surviving social events and finding hope for the future.
“It’s a great success. Many people come and learn things that help them get through the holidays,” she said.
• Loneliness: For many people, the holidays emphasize their loneliness. Some live far from family and miss seeing their loved ones this time of year; others dread going to holiday parties without a partner and end up staying home.
If you know that you’ll be alone, plan ahead to do something new. Like a mini getaway or connect with an old friend. If you’re staying home, plan your day, perhaps a classic Christmas movie, a delicious meal, or a special book.
If you won’t be with loved ones, you may want to seek out other people in your situation. Do you know someone at work, school or your neighborhood that is also alone? Reach out and suggest an activity.
“We have a large population of seniors in this area who are isolated and lonely,” said Cindy Shepherd of Lutheran Care in Clinton. “We have a wonderful core of volunteers who provide a really valuable service. We’re filling a real need; they won’t get their needs met if we don’t do it.”
• Consider volunteering: There are isolated seniors who would love to see a friendly visitor through Your Neighbors in Clinton at 315-235-7149.
Or help care for animals at the Steven-Swan Humane Society in Utica (315-738-4357), or the Humane Society of Rome (315-336-7070), or in the peaceful setting of Spring Farms CARES Animal and Nature Sanctuary in Clinton (315-737-9339). | <urn:uuid:02da4d02-b4be-4432-b84e-bc8b963aa59d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mvhealthnews.com/features/you-better-not-cry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944835 | 1,158 | 1.976563 | 2 |
FREE Peg Game
This game is great for literacy centers and as a fast finisher activity. Students practise learning their beginning sounds by matching the sound to the picture.
The game includes 78 different picture cards. To play, students attach a peg to the beginning sound of the corresponding picture. In the picture, I have used mini pegs, however, normal sized pegs will work perfectly too!
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I welcome and appreciate any feedback, comments or suggestions.
You may also contact me on firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:a9df864b-d7e4-4424-a722-c8b71470349a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/FREEBIE-Beginning-Sound-Peg-Game-2771357 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00272-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913739 | 139 | 1.9375 | 2 |
“Projects can be any way of giving back to classmates, our school, the community or the environment, and they don’t necessarily involve monetary purchases,” said Espinoza. “But when someone said they got a night light at the dollar store that helped them get to sleep, and now they were going to buy one for a friend, the idea of creating boxes came up.”
Students asked if they could make boxes and fill them with items to encourage good sleeping habits. They suggested stuffing them with a range of objects: blankets, sketchpads, sleep masks, toothbrushes, pajamas, books and fuzzy socks were a few. The items would come with letters students wrote with suggestions on how to use them: Water bottles can be kept nearby to prevent having to get out of bed for a sip; eye masks can block light that might disrupt a snooze; fuzzy socks and blankets can add an extra layer of comfort.
It wasn’t long before the initial goal of four or five boxes was surpassed.
“By the end, we were able to make 14 ‘bedtime boxes’ filled with 10 to 12 items,” said Espinoza. “And we wound up with a variety of containers. I got some baskets from Dollar Tree; someone decorated a shoebox with bedtime themes. There wasn’t one-size-fits-all or on look. They were all unique.”
Espinoza reached out to the school’s guidance counselors and other teachers to identify students who could benefit from the boxes. Several responded quickly that they had students who struggled with sleep. But rather than have the teacher deliver the packages, Espinoza had her students present them.
“It’s made such an impact because they can see the child they’re helping, see the smile on their face,” she said.
Information about Carmel Elementary is online at cherokeek12.net/carmeles.
SEND US YOUR STORIES. Each week we look at programs, projects and successful endeavors at area schools, from pre-K to grad school. To suggest a story, contact H.M. Cauley at firstname.lastname@example.org or 770-744-3042. | <urn:uuid:8f463b2c-9977-4f26-a4e6-3d4288c2479b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ajc.com/neighborhoods/students-fill-bedtime-boxes-with-sleep-ideas/CBRMDXKS35GMZFWHRH5VQ4QWPY/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.968585 | 485 | 2.578125 | 3 |
BERLIN — On Friday, the German defense minister, Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, is set to present to Chancellor Angela Merkel his plans to modernize the Bundeswehr, the country’s armed forces. From all accounts, it could be one of the most radical and long overdue shake-ups undertaken in decades by a defense minister.
The Bundeswehr’s leadership structure, which has changed little since the Cold War, will be streamlined. The armed forces, which number 250,000, will be cut by well over 60,000. Many of the 406 barracks and military buildings will be closed. And if Mr. Guttenberg has his way, conscription will be replaced by voluntary service.
Defying his own conservative Christian Social Union party, which wants to maintain conscription, Mr. Guttenberg has spent the past 10 months questioning the value of calling up young men to do six months’ service. He has also said it is time to transform the Bundeswehr into a modern, professional and efficient army.
Two things have spurred Mr. Guttenberg. One is the war in Afghanistan, where Germany, the third largest contributor of troops after the United States and Britain, has more than 5,200 soldiers, based mainly in the north. The second is Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble’s decision to find savings of more than €80 billion, or $102 billion, between 2011 and 2014 to reduce the budget deficit. That will hit the Defense Ministry hard, and Mr. Guttenberg will have to find potential savings of as much as €8 billion over those four years.Continue reading the main story
“The Afghanistan mission and the need to make cuts have both motivated Guttenberg to reform the armed forces,” said Winfried Nachtwei, a security expert for the opposition Greens. “But what’s missing from the reform debate is the challenges and risks the Bundeswehr will face in the future.”
Leading discussions of those challenges are the soldiers who have returned from duty in Afghanistan and who write blog posts about their experiences. Some of them say they were not adequately prepared for such fierce combat, which they openly refer to as war, a word that until recently was taboo in Germany.
Mr. Guttenberg, a foreign policy expert who has visited Afghanistan several times since becoming defense minister last October, was the first German politician to call the conflict in Afghanistan a war. The public — two-thirds of whom want the troops brought home, — did not like the use of that term, according to opinion polls. On the other hand, Mr. Guttenberg received some praise for speaking the truth.
Some bloggers have complained about inadequate equipment. There are, for example, far too few helicopters and not enough robust armored personnel carriers, they say. Training has also fallen short, both physically and mentally, especially over the past 18 months, soldiers say. German troops have come under increasing attack from insurgents and have themselves caused civilian deaths and injuries. Instructions from Berlin are often too slow. Soldiers and security analysts also complain about heavy bureaucracy in organizing the missions.
Lt. Col. Detlef Buch, a military analyst at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, says the Bundeswehr has cautiously tried to adapt to the end of the Cold War while being careful not to revive fears that Germany seeks to become a strong military power in the heart of Europe.
In the mid-1990s, Germany sent troops to the former Yugoslav republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, later supporting the NATO bombing of Serb forces in 1999 and stationing soldiers in Kosovo. But it is Germany’s participation in the NATO mission in Afghanistan that has tested the German Army’s limits.
Somehow, Colonel Buch said, “there is a lack of synchronization between the way the Bundeswehr is organized and the missions.” There is too much duplication among the land, naval and air forces, he explained. At the same time, the three forces have little ability to work together effectively. “Streamlining is necessary,” he said.
It is not as if this were all new to the Bundeswehr. Five years ago, it set a goal of having 14,000 soldiers, from a pool of 70,000 trained for stabilization and peacekeeping missions, who could serve at the same time in up to five operations. “This level of ambition could not be reached, either for personnel or equipment,” Mr. Guttenberg told the army’s top brass in April.
In a recent essay on the Bundeswehr, Völker Ruhe, a former conservative defense minister, and Ulrich Weisser, a retired vice admiral, blamed a bloated command structure for many of the armed forces’ woes. It is unnecessary, they argued, to have nine separate commands, three branches of the military service, a new armed forces base and six troop offices. “Instead, we need a two-column Bundeswehr with a unified command responsible for operations and a Bundeswehr command to provide the necessary capabilities on land, on the water and in the air,” they argued.
For that to happen, the Bundeswehr has to prioritize, says Svenja Sinjen, a security expert at the German Council on Foreign Relations in Berlin. “The armed forces have to ask what they want to become. This is why the mission in Afghanistan has become so important to the debate.” It is the first time since 1945, Ms. Sinjen said, “that German soldiers die and kill in a mission.”
If Mr. Guttenberg succeeds in pushing through his changes, they will take several years to implement. The abolition of conscription could be the easiest. Besides saving billions of euros, it would be a catalyst for change. The Bundeswehr will have to offer its soldiers more money and more career prospects, opening the way to a more modern, flexible and educated army.
But Mr. Guttenberg has other big questions to answer. He has to explain to the public why Germany needs such a modern army. “Support by the public and parliamentarians for missions is at its lowest in a decade,” Mr. Nachtwei of the Greens said.
And if Germany does end up with an army that is more fit and more flexible, then it is likely that “expectations by NATO allies will increase” and Germany will be asked to contribute more to missions, Colonel Buch said. But the German public may have other ideas.Continue reading the main story | <urn:uuid:6a6a2d9e-85e4-4ee0-a251-676e23e4e072> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/19/world/europe/19iht-letter.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00302-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965361 | 1,363 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Leaving Work to Gaze at Sunsets
I believe in leaving work at five o’clock. In a nation that operates on a staunch Protestant work ethic, this belief could be considered radical. Working only 40 hours a week? I just don’t know many people who punch out at five o’clock anymore. It seems downright quaint, like pocket watches and shoe shines. My father tried to teach me the importance of hard work, long hours and dedication to a career. But then there are the things he taught me unintentionally, like when he arrived home from work for the last time and crawled up the stairs. My father, a self-employed sales trainer, was that sick, that tired. His body was wracked with liver cancer, and he suffered the effects of a diabetic ulcer. Still, he insisted on traveling to honor his commitment to give a seminar. He probably earned a lot of money that day, and he paid the price: He returned to the hospital soon after and was dead within three months, at age 58.
我的信念是在五点结束每天的工作。 在这个奉行新教徒那套“工作至上”理念的国度,我的这一信念可算是激进。每周只工作40小时?我认识的人中很少是下午五点打卡下班的。那看起来就跟怀表、鞋油这类东西一样,简直是过时而怪异。 我父亲尽力教导我勤奋工作、超时工作以及献身事业这几点的重要性。但后来,他也无意中教了我一些东西,比如那次当他最后一次下班回家爬上楼梯的时候。 我父亲是一名自雇的销售培训师。那天,他已经病得很厉害,疲惫不堪。肝癌拖垮了他的身体,他还饱受糖尿病溃疡的折磨。然而,他为履行承诺仍坚持到外地主持一个研讨会。他那天可能赚了不少钱,但他也付出了代价——不久之后又住进了医院,而且三个月后就去世了,终年58岁。
It’s been 10 years since I saw my father come home that night and since then, I’ve thought a lot about work. I’ve decided something: I will never crawl up the stairs. As much as I love my job as a newspaper reporter, I will never work myself into the ground, literally or figuratively. The idea of leaving work at work didn’t come easily to me. After all, I am my father’s daughter. In college, I wasn’t going to keg parties in a frat basement; I was the girl who lingered on the library steps each morning, waiting for the doors to open. I even dreamt about schoolwork.
My dad once told me he was unable to just gaze at a sunset; he had to be doing something as he looked at it—writing, reading, playing chess. You could say he was a success: He was a published author, an accomplished musician, fluent in German and the American Sign Language. That’s an impressive list, but here’s the thing: I want to gaze at sunsets. I don’t want to meet a deadline during them or be writing a column at the same time, or glance at them over the top of a book. This raises the question: If I leave work at five o’ clock to watch the sunset, what are the consequences? Do I risk not reaching the top of my profession? Maybe, because honestly, knocking off after eight hours probably won’t earn me the corner office or the lucrative promotion. But hey, leaving work at five o’ clock means I eat dinner with my family. I get to hop on my bike and pedal through the streets of my hometown as the shadows lengthen and the traffic thins. And I get to take in a lot of sunsets. That’s got to be worth something.
我父亲曾经告诉我,他就是没法凝视夕阳。看着夕阳的同时他还得做些别的事——写作、阅读、下象棋。你可以称他是成功人士:他是一名发表过作品的作家,一位有造诣的音乐家,能说流利的德语,能熟练运用美国手语。这一连串成就看起来挺厉害的。但问题是:我想凝视夕阳。我不想边看夕阳边赶在最后期限前完成工作,也不想边看边给专栏赶稿,又或者是看着书,偶尔才朝那一抹夕阳瞥上一眼。 这引发了一个问题:如果我五点就下班去看夕阳,会有什么后果?我是否就无法爬到职场最高位?也许是,因为说实话,工作八小时就下班,想搬进角落的高层办公室或升职加薪是不太可能的。 不过,嘿,五点就下班意味着我能和家人共进晚餐。我跳上单车,穿梭在家乡的大小街道上,一切在夕阳的余晖中被拉长了影子,路上车少人稀。 从此,我看了不少夕阳美景。这肯定有其价值所在。 | <urn:uuid:5c964015-5428-4630-ab81-aa91eeeb55ef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://en.dict.cn/news/view/23602 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00061-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.809146 | 1,904 | 1.515625 | 2 |
I’m going to play skeptic on the Libyan government account of the NATO airstrike. The cover story is that Muammar Qaddafi and one of his wives was visiting son Saif al-Arab and the grandchildren and suddenly a dastardly NATO airstrike killed the son and three grandchildren but left Muammar and the wife unharmed.
NATO says they struck at a command and control center, which is perfectly plausible. Lieutenant-General Charles Bouchard, the NATO commander, denied that the strike was an assassination attempt, and said:
‘ All NATO’s targets are military in nature and have been clearly linked to the Qadhafi regime’s systematic attacks on the Libyan population and populated areas. We do not target individuals. The strike was part of NATO’s coherent strategy to disrupt and destroy the command and control of those forces which have been attacking civilians.
I am aware of unconfirmed media reports that some of Qadhafi’s family members may have been killed. We regret all loss of life, especially the innocent civilians being harmed as a result of the ongoing conflict. NATO is fulfilling its UN mandate to stop and prevent attacks against civilians with precision and care — unlike Qaddafi’s forces, which are causing so much suffering. ‘
Imagine that someone using a satellite phone repeatedly called from that compound to the tank commanders besieging Misrata, complaining that not enough progress had been made in destroying the port and wiping out the Free Libya forces. NATO signals intelligence could have intercepted such calls, and triangulated to find out where they were coming from. If Saif al-Arab had been given command duties (as many of the sons had), or if his father or a general had given orders from that compound, then the site would have attracted this sort of retribution. A strike on a site from which commands came to kill non-combatants or interfere with their food supplies would be well within the UNSC charge.
There is another wrinkle. Reporters who visited the bombed compound said they could not imagine that anyone who was there survived. We have no proof that Muammar Qadddafi was at the site, except his say-so. I would be cautious about believing without confirmation the allegation of grandchildren killed; if true it would of course be highly regrettable, but Qaddafi shouldn’t have allowed them near a command and control site. But this is a regime that has buried empty coffins in order to create the illusion of civilian deaths from NATO airstrikes, and it would be easy enough for them to later say, oh, sorry, it wasn’t the grandchildren. The story could just be agitprop.
While all this was going on, Qaddafi had ordered Libyan naval vessels to mine Misrata harbor, and had threatened to attack any ships that brought food or medicine to the the residents of the besieged city.
Before the strike, Qaddafi had gone on television and said he was as beloved to Libyans as the emperor of Japan was to the Japanese, that he would never leave Libya, and that he was ready for a cease-fire any time. But Qaddafi is manifestly not popular or else he would not have to order tanks and artillery to fire on non-combatant protesters. And, if he wanted to declare a ceasefire, nothing is stopping him. He is on the attack in Misrata and the Western Mountains region, and the fighting there would stop if he ordered his forces to withdraw.
Aljazeera English has video:
Qaddafi brigades started up their barrages against Misrata again on hearing the news from Tripoli.
Scott Peterson has a rare and brave report from Zintan in the Western Mountains region, which discusses the murderous and indiscriminate GRAD attacks on the city.
Aljazeera English also has a new video report from Zintan: | <urn:uuid:1fe7ed2f-6926-4020-8d95-e708a4b14f95> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.juancole.com/2011/05/nato-strike-on-command-center-kills-qaddafi-son.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00328-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97804 | 798 | 1.625 | 2 |
L.A. Mayor meets with Clinton on city light plan
Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, who served as national co-chairman of Hillary Rodham Clinton’s presidential campaign, is scheduled to appear Monday at city hall with former President Clinton to announce a five-year project with the Clinton Climate Initiative to make the city’s street lights more energy efficient.
The mayor’s office said the plan to swap out all of 140,000 of LA’s residential street lights with more energy efficient LED lights would be the largest program of its kind undertaken by a city.
While normal street lamps last four to six years, the LED lights can last as long as 10 years — which officials hope could save $48 million over seven years. The switch is also expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 40,500 tons each year, which the mayor’s office said would amount to taking 6,700 cars off the street.
The Clinton Climate Initiative, which falls under the umbrella of the former president’s foundation, was launched in 2006 to work with cities and private companies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
In New York, the group recently joined with the housing authority to install 10,000 fluorescent lightbulbs at one of the largest housing developments in the country.
-- Maeve Reston | <urn:uuid:fe7b75b9-fa35-4df0-9965-3df5f5680e7a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/02/la-mayor-meets.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00277-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96194 | 268 | 1.820313 | 2 |
It is strange to read about communes set up during the Russian revolution and its immediate aftermath, while sharing a home with housemates in 21st-century London. Some realities coincide: the bickering over splitting money, the pranks, the isolation one may experience in such a group. But while London sharers often choose such set-ups by due to the high rents of the metropolis, in Russian cities during the 1920s, urban communes were embraced by young idealists trying to bring the Revolution into their daily lives.
Andy Willimott’s book Living the Revolution: Urban communes and Soviet socialism (1917-1932), published by Oxford University Press, is a nuanced and pioneering non-fiction account of the rise and fall of the communes in the early Soviet period. With anecdotes selected from archives, literary works, and a plethora of academic references, the book reveals a little known facet of the Russian revolution that goes beyond the usual narratives centred on high up party leaders.
Curious, too, is the way Willimott paints a social panorama, showing the tensions between forward-looking young socialists and their more conservative co-workers. One of the key sources of criticism of communal living coming from traditional groups was women’s presence in factories and communes, which they deemed immoral and derided as “prostitution”. Yet it wasn’t only the conservative parts of society that condemned the communards; the end of the communes in the early 30s partly came as a result of them being dismissed as “isolationist” — somewhat like “bourgeois families” — by the Soviet ideologists of the time, that did not consider this form of shared living to be compatible with the militarised, hierarchical form of Soviet communism advanced by Stalin.
Vividly written and divided into chapters focused on the different forms of urban communes — set up in student dorms, flats, or factories — the book marks a key addition to the understanding not just of the Russian revolution as it was experienced from below, but also to the history of shared living experiments in general.
Get your copy of the book here. | <urn:uuid:37b5adc5-27a9-4cf2-88e0-7b8a2628d71a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/13291/urban-communes-during-russian-revolution-calvert-reads | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.953399 | 449 | 2.390625 | 2 |
THE JOURNAL OF REGIONAL HISTORY V.5 No.3
Power and society in Russia in the late 19th – early 20th century as viewed by modern researchers
The introductory article to the issue characterizes the materials of the current issue of the journal Historia Provinciae – the Journal of Regional History devoted to the interaction between power and society in the Russian Empire in the late 19th – early 20th century.
society, reforms, right-wing parties, local authorities, joint-stock companies, Russian Empire, Provisional Government
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
ISSN 2587-8344 (Online) | <urn:uuid:b56dcb00-9dcd-412a-b5a5-3a2c001e2d47> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://en.hpchsu.ru/archived-issues/the-journal-of-regional-history-v-5-no-3/power-and-society-in-russia-in-the-late-19th-early-20th-century-as-viewed-by-modern-researchers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.842287 | 149 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The U.K. producer price index for home sales of manufactured products rose 3.6 percent in the year to March 2012, compared to a growth of 4.1 percent in February, according to the latest data released from the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
Between February and March the output price index increased 0.6 percent with no change from the previous period. The growth in price index was driven by the petroleum products, tobacco, alcohol and other manufactured products.
Input price index grew 5.8 percent on the year, compared to a growth of 7.8 percent previous month. However, output and input price slowed less than analysts' expectations and highlights the risks to the central bank's prediction that consumer price will decline below its 2 percent target in 2012.
The total input price index rose 1.9 percent, compared to a rise of 3.8 percent between February and March 2011. The growth was mainly driven by price rises in crude oil and other imported materials which were offset by price falls in fuels and home produced food, said ONS.
"The headlines are worse than the underlying numbers. The core figures are still relatively muted - 0.1 percent - which is not a worry. It does come after a fairly sizeable increase the previous month, and I think when you look at headline numbers they can look a bit scary ... but part of that of course is due to fuel prices which have gone up over the course of February and March. That's also reflected in higher input prices, the rise in oil prices will have had an impact there," said George Buckley from Deutsche Bank to Reuters. | <urn:uuid:72ce4dc0-e95d-48cd-9769-31af00b5df10> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/uk-producer-prices-economy-ons-office-national-327652 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00042-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975825 | 325 | 1.570313 | 2 |
New 'MOOC' Teacher PD Project Enlists Prominent Museums
When Coursera begins providing "massively open online courses" focused on teacher professional development this year, the Web-based offerings on the menu will be supplied not only by schools of education, but also by a number of the country's best-known museums.
Museums have been involved in professional development for years, and so in one sense their connection to the Coursera "MOOC" project is not surprising. If anything, it's a reminder of the breadth of sources of PD out there for teachers, options that can be offered by districts, commercial providers, nonprofit organizations, and other sources—and a reminder that schools of education are hardly the only players.
In addition to seven schools of education partnering with Coursera, the company listed three museums as joining in that effort: the American Museum of Natural History, and the Museum of Modern Art, both in New York City, and the Exploratorium, in San Francisco.
I wrote about the Coursera project recently but wasn't able to include information from an interview with Lisa Gugenheim, the senior vice-president for institutional advancement, strategic planning, and education at the American Museum of Natural History, who spoke about why the institution signed on to the program, and what she expects ahead.
The museum sees its partnership with Coursera as a continuation of the science content it offers K-12 educators, Gugenheim explained. The museum currently provides a mix of online for-credit courses and non-credit professional development, as well as courses offered on site at the museum's facilities. (The credit is granted by higher education institutions that partner with the museum.) It also recently created a master's of arts in teaching program, which is being piloted and supported with money from the National Science Foundation and the New York State Department of Education.
"We've been looking to broaden our work in PD," Gugenheim said. "We see ourselves as a content-provider. ...What we've heard from the field is that there's an enormous need for science content."
About 4,000 educators enrolled in either online or on-site profesional development programs at the museum during the most recent year. The average course costs $495, museum officials said.
Through Coursera, the museum plans to initially offer three online classes, each of which is four weeks in duration. Their titles: Genetics and Society, the Dynamic Earth—focused on the planet's geologic history and related topics—and Evolution.
Coursera's intention is to charge online users of its courses a fee in order to receive a certificate stating that they have completed the course, the co-founder of the company, Andrew Ng, told Education Week in a recent interview. An official from one school of education told me that his school does not plan on accepting revenues through certificates, but museum officials say they plan to receive revenue through that model.
As with many higher education institutions that have jumped into the MOOC game, it remains unclear whether Coursera's venture into K-12 teacher education will provide a steady flow of revenue to the participating colleges and museums any time soon. Gugenheim said her institution recognizes that uncertainty.
But ultimately, museum officials hope the partnership with Coursera will help resolve an important financial question, she said: "What is the market for the content we have?" | <urn:uuid:4f23395a-0ae2-4beb-a782-8847fd580143> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/DigitalEducation/2013/05/new_coursera_project_enlists_m.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00455-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966568 | 699 | 2.328125 | 2 |
NEW ORLEANS HISTORY
Post Katrina New Orleans Voodoo Documentary
Loyola University oral history documentary with Bloody Mary, Mambo Gina and Conjureman Orion.
• • •
ABOUT NEW ORLEANS
• • •
Discover our culturally rich epicenter
of music, mysticism and the macabre!
Many illuminating facets are part of New Orleans, they draw you in and cast a spell, but the underlying feeling of our sultry city comes from the Spirit of Place—the genus loci. A town has her own spirit, ours spreads from the river—through the square and deep into our hearts. Many who visit here feel as if they have been here before in past lives of old souls.
Visitors come and immediately want to stay for good— many do. People from foreign lands comment how most of America is the same, but they discover New Orleans stands on its own, full of old-world charm and European flare. Not the architecture— though much of it is indeed European-inspired and breathtaking— but also in its culture, lifestyle, ambiance, and local traditions.
From the Spanish style of the Vieux Carré balconies to the elegant Garden District mansions, even all the way down to our simple shotgun homes and bayou camps with their swamp appeal, it is all the Spirit of New Orleans herself that has possessed your senses. We are unique and proud to call this home.
Welcome to our history and mystery. Let us show you more about our unique city.
The indulgences of the flesh abound in New Orleans and will indeed engage you but so will the Spirit World.
Welcome to America’s most haunted city!
AREAS OF INTEREST
• • •
BIG WATERS: THE MISSISSIPPI
The Mississippi is a river like no other—her arms reach out through 41% percent of America; her heart contains the lifeblood and history of a nation. Listen to her speak and a world like you have never known opens her doors! Many a man has fallen in love with her and died within her too. She has built powerful empires and destroyed others along the way. She is hard to resist, especially here in this beautiful crescent we call home.
New Orleans is her mouth, her breath, the soul of America inspiring and commanding us to live!
According to, John M. Barry in Rising Tide, “…the Mississippi is the longest river in the world, and it pulses like an artery of the American heartland.” We are her children and the mighty Mississippi is the only reason we came. The natives gloried in her wonders: they fed, they sang, and they danced in her name. Then the French found their way here simply to claim control. Greed and lust their main game: we were strategic territory. The area from Canada to New Orleans seemed to spell power, position, and money. Simple, or so they thought. Big Waters fought back in many ways, for a force of nature such as she could not truly be controlled, though many have tried.
From the window of the haunted restaurant of Muriel’s at Jackson Square, you could slip back in time and watch the history of New Orleans unfold. This territory claimed by La Salle for France in 1698 gave birth to the city known as La Nouvelle Orleans, officially in 1718. Bienville founded this settlement with high hopes, but it was the Scottsman, John Law, who swindled settlers from all around the world to come here. The colony suffered many a blow and lay abandoned to her fate. New Orleans seemed nothing more than a weak military outpost at best, only hopes and fears remaining. True, it was a natural port with serpentine crescent shape, but plague, flood and pestilence were ever knocking at our door. New Orleans was, and always has been, a giant swamp at its heart.
They say it was the French that founded New Orleans; though the Native Americans had been here for thousands of years before! It was the Spaniards who invested enough make New Orleans a viable city, it was the Africans who made it run and gave us our distinctive song, it was sugar cane that sweetened the pot enriching our city and our flavor, and it was the Mississippi herself who embraced us, seducing a nation with our charms. As United States’ city since 1803, we remain unique bastion of European and African culture. We are “proud to swim home!” as the post-Katrina locals now say. All the deeds of past and the future are ever present here embedded and imprinted into our Mississippi Mud —a haunting truth, ever repeating in a ghostly replay in modern day.
Yet our River’s mother nature still gave and gave amidst it all. Her alluvial soils sprang forth a cash crop of no compare, sugar cane. Sweetness that let us claim our fame as the richest town around! But she knew things had to change, human rights abused, control and greed gave way to war that tore the USA apart! Then the rails curled round this Chaos wrath and a new King was born in towns; the Queen fell slowly to sleep. Now they say she is an old river. Tired and meandering about, she seeks the path of less resistance in her crone-like state. Forget thee not the wisdom that this Dark Mother phase entails, or the threat of her moving on. So to reel us deep within the darkness of her watery abyss or simply to entirely forget us all, are but a few of the powers she still holds—remember that deep river magic speaks from within that old soul. You know, it’s all about the river, a reflection from the moon!
Many are intrigued by our above-ground sarcophagi style of burial; it was function, fashion and high mortality that forged our cities of the dead. We are a swamp, no matter how hard we try there is a precarious balance to stay dry. Post-Katrina, even the non-locals can understand what this means. New Orleans is at sea level and with the water table high, so we rarely bury below the ground. It is done here, however.
New Orleans has her own style. We share out final resting place with others and have for quite some time. We do have a few “normal” below ground cemeteries in our midst, as well as some scattered “6-foot unders.” Funeral customs last longer in a culture than anything else.
The first burials in colonial New Orleans were along the river and as time went by this system proved problematic in many ways. By 1725 the first Catholic cemetery was planned—St. Peter Street Cemetery, then located on the outskirts of town. The rich and holy were buried in the St Louis Church itself and parts of the Ursuline convent. These first few burial grounds were all below ground. Then, in 1788 there was much death: great fires, increased plague and pestilence. The main cemetery of St. Peter Street graveyard became extremely overcrowded. This graveyard was soon obsolete. The below ground method proved to be futile, so the property was sold off by the city council (leaving many behind in the process). A few other private colonial cemeteries have also been discovered, but these and previously discussed graveyards are now built over and rather forgotten.
THE BIRTH & EVOLUTION
OF NEW ORLEANS
& ABOVE-GROUND BURIAL
• • •
Why does New Orleans have such a haunted history?
New Orleans had the highest mortality rate in North America for nearly two centuries. Plagues of yellow fever and cholera claimed tens of thousands of lives very quickly, leaving their shadows behind. This is imprinted here: the dead are not dead. Energy never dies, it just transfers. There are many geophysical factors that may contribute to our haunted phenomenon as well. And spirits still love to party – what better place than New Orleans?
Do people still speak French there?
No, and we don’t have a southern drawl either! The old Patois – our Creole French and its endearing melody have left us with a few phrases we use as “New Orleans lingo,” but the mainstream old French died out early 20th century. The Americans made it illegal to speak here! Some spoke it in the closet, some learned proper French in school, but it is not used in daily conversation. We have our “laissez le bon temps rouler,” let the good times roll. “Lagniappe,” a little something extra. A few other phrases remain, but today we speak American. The Cajuns have their own French dialect and some still some speak it in the swamps. It too, however, is dwindling away.
“Creole,” “Cajun,” what’s the difference?
A simple answer from the inside, would be “city,” “country,” respectively. The Cajuns or Acadians came from various part of France, especially in the Brittany area, moved to Canada. They eventually made their way to “New France” to settle in the swamps as trappers, furriers, fishermen and such. Creole—technically means “native born.” In this area it tends to refer to those born here in the new world, in Louisiana prior to the Americanization of 1803. You could have been Creole French, Creole Spanish, Creole German, Creole African or Creole Italian.
What do Catholics have to do with New Orleans?
Everything! We were 100% Catholic colony by order of the king and order of the Pope. Under the French and Spanish, we had what many say was a “liberal Latin Catholic attitude,” it was truly unique. Our religion was not officially mixed until after the 1803 Louisiana Purchase. Now we have more Baptists, but we remain Catholic empowered. New Orleans is the only part of the country that has parishes instead of counties, to cite one example.
How did Voodoo survive in this strongly Catholic city?
Wherever the slave trade existed in Catholic areas it seems the religions merged. Voodoo seems to be syncretism, or many say. The French and Spanish Catholics did not truly look at Voodoo as a religious threat and the Africans saw the power of the Catholic God and the Saints from their “masters’” religion as very much the same as their God and Loa. The Catholics were not against dancing or music, an integral part to the Voodoo religion. Multi-cultural customs were somewhat accepted in the Creole Catholic mind, depended on for survival and perhaps a bit less hypocritical than present day religious views from the Vatican on Voodoo. No matter what the verdict is from the Vatican on the subject today, it cannot erase the early New Orleans Voodoo/Catholic connection). New Orleans Voodoo still respects and embraces Catholicism today.
How did New Orleans give birth to Jazz and Blues?
The sounds of the seething swamps called to the pounding beat of the Rivers’ thunderous tide, a chorus called back with a gator’s snap and the eagle wailed in response and a new music was born! Spellbinding in form. Music has been called the universal language. Where else on earth has that shown as true as in this melting pot of the world, New Orleans? We are indeed a gumbo town, always “sumpun’ stirrin’ the pot!” The old ones, the natives played their sacred drum, played the wind from flutes and skins. The new ones added to the brew: playing Europe’s finest sounds. Then, of course, the march, the brass societies paraded through banding up and blending in their favorite beat. The Africans added their shouts, stomps, drums and banjo too – spiced it up all hot! Sprinkling an unforgettable call and response. The blues was born without solid form—a kind of soulful moan in music rattling from deep within the bones. Blues begat a new note all its own and then along came Jazz moving on in and out—screaming and dancing us through the streets, through the brothels, through the heartland and all the joints loosened up and down the river true. Music history here does not stop, but it sure was born here and embedded in the soul of that crescent curve. It snakes its way back in modern day where spirit still respects that mambo beat. Our hometown hero, ambassador true, Mr. Louis Armstrong knew this too, “There wouldn’t be any rock and roll if it weren’t for me!”
The new St. Louis cemetery, the first above-ground burial cemetery, was officially established in 1789. Though, some had already constructed tombs before that official date. Death was always close at hand in New Orleans due to the relentless plagues of yellow fever and cholera. Expansion was necessary to accommodate all the newly dead. Presently there are over 38 cemeteries in New Orleans — 39 if those who found a watery grave in Katrina are counted as a whole. These areas span for miles and miles surrounding the heart of the city, surrounding and reminding us of what was. The above ground burial is our custom, we reuse tombs to this day.
• • •
How do you share a grave?
Our family tomb style was designed with a chamber below. This “Caveau,” or cave, is used to store the bones of the previous entrants when someone new is buried. There, they mingle with the bones of their family. We simply dispose of the coffins and recycle.
Isn’t that morbid?
The outlook toward death has changed over time. The current method of having the exact spot of a loved one recorded and visited is rather new. The concept of catacombs and sharing with family or clan members in mass graves is an ancient one and, in New Orleans, a very practical one.
Why not just dig under like everyone else?
It was not uncommon for bodies, with and without coffins, to pop back up and float away. This was not solely because of our water table. We pumped our water table down to 15 feet below around the year of 1900. Still, though, after a good rain you may see bones float up and away. There is no bedrock in the delta.
NEW ORLEANS VOODOO
Voodoo. It’s a word that conjures feelings of fear and curiosity: black magic, selling your soul to the devil, evil curses, voodoo dolls and orgies! Too long have we been told what is good and what is evil and many now prefer to search for truth. The truth about Voodoo is amiss when preached only though the Hollywood pulpit, movies like: ” I Walked With a Zombie,” “Serpent and the Rainbow,” “Angel Heart,” “Skeleton Key,” or even the James Bond film, “Live and Let Die.” These films show sinister underworld outlooks reinforcing fears of the unknown. This is entertaining fiction and it even contains a few historical facts sprinkled on top for credibility, but it ends up doing harm to Voodoo’s image. It seems that Voodoo and Witchcraft/Wicca are the two religions that are primarily experienced through the eye of a camera lens.
The truth is that Voodoo is a religion, a philosophy, and a way of life for many people in the world especially in Louisiana. There are as many varieties of Voodoo as there are of Christianity, and they are all right in their theory. So those who debate that Voodoo is a Cult or a Religion need to find the center and forget the fight among the many paths that lead us home.
New Orleans has its own tradition, forgotten by most. It is encoded in our culture through customs, cuisine, music and lore—for Sure! Within the soul of all religions, evolution is inevitable: they adapt, and, one would hope, progress. Creole Voodoo is her own breed. It is so ingrained into our culture here that many do not know they do do Voodoo.
• • •
Do you believe in Voodoo?
That question to me is as silly as saying do you believe in Catholicism, Judaism or any accepted “ism.” It is indeed a faith system, and some say it’s the oldest in existence. One does not have to be a member to know of a system and believe its existence. “Voodoo” comes from the Fon language, the word Vodoun translates to mean God. So is the question, “do you believe in God?”
What is Voodoo then?
Traditionally one would say a religion of fertility, creation and love. There is a great respect for nature and the spirits within, the divine archetypes, the ancestors and each other. Voodoo is an ecstatic religion, a danced religion, a musical religion and more!
Is it the same as Haitian Voodoo?
The African slave trade came directly to the New World in Louisiana —not by way of Haiti, which is mistakenly claimed. Though slaves were taken from the same areas of Africa, the long trip was made here directly as to avoid pirating of the slaves. Those slaves who survived managed to bring their spirits (Loas) and beliefs safely ashore. Both New Orleans and Haiti were under French rule but had a totally different attitudes towards slavery. New Orleans allowed Voodoo to take root here earlier and more openly due to the slave autonomy that existed in Louisiana that did not exist in Sainte Domingue until after the revolution of 1797. Haitian refugees fleeing the revolution, both black and white poured into New Orleans after 1804—they had been disallowed under Spanish and French rule. Even with the acceptance of Haitian planters and their slaves by the new Americans the immigration was cautious.
When Louisiana fell under new American rule tens of thousands of people poured into this port town from all over the country. New Orleans was on its way to becoming the richest town in the country creating an ever-increasing need for the skills of voodoo. The demand arose out of both need and fear. The Haitian migration made Voodoo more newsworthy than the everyday practice that was a part of Creole life. The new Americans wrote and covered this curious and feared practice. With a series of ritual coverage and voodoo reports, to the untrained eye it looked like a new phenomenon. Haitian Voodoo then mixed her magic into the Creole traditions but La Grande Zombi (BiKongo great ancestral God) prevailed as the Great God through the 19th century Voodoo heyday. The Congo square voodoo rituals grew in number and popularity to become the first tourist spot in the South. Due to the increasing popularity of the worship and the fear of revolution in our own land the new American government found it necessary to make a law permitting these gatherings which had continuously been going on there already since the 1740’s. At first glance it appears historically like the Americans were being benevolent by legalizing such things in 1817, when it was put into law so it could be controlled. This was the only free meeting place for the slaves to gather in the western hemisphere on their day off on Sunday. The law added the stipulation that it had to be supervised. Supervision had never needed for the past 77 years. Eventually the Americans outlawed the gatherings all together. This, of course, simply spread Voodoo more overtly into other areas of town.
Records from the beginning of Louisiana show Voodoo as a contributing factor of Creole (native born) survival especially from its healing knowledge. With a high death toll and difficult travel, a form of inter-dependency grew: plantation voodoo provided healing and magical assistance for many. Creole Voodoo was experienced and shared multi-culturally from the beginning of the slave trade in Louisiana. By the time of the Great Marie Laveau, 1820’s to the 1870’s, Voodoo was associated with the name New Orleans the world over. Voodoo was also explored in some cases as negative, noted in cases from the earliest of Superior Council and the Cabildo government records. The infamous “gris-gris case” which concluded that the government would not acknowledge magical powers but could opt to prosecute poisoners. Though, this seems to be a borrowed Haitian tale rather than a New Orleans one. Voodoo here was blended into life, fearing it only occasionally. Magic mingled here, traditions blended and became a part of everyday life.
How is Voodoo Different in Louisiana?
It retains some of the old ways like dancing with the snake. The Queen was the spiritual leader; Voodoo here is very matriarchal and very multicultural. These are a part of the uniqueness of New Orleans. New Orleans is an open book, a place where people feel safe to explore their occult or hidden side. They are free to ask questions, drink, dance, tour, explore and attend rituals; things they may never think of doing at home. Now many think they are doing these things just for fun, but, in actuality, there is no such thing as an observer. When you watch, a pact is made, and you are an observer/participant. This cause and effect have created an energy, a spirit, that has kept Voodoo alive since the days of Congo Square. This seemingly commercial aspect of Creole Voodoo that is so put down by outsiders is part of the Spirit of Place as well as her greatest ally and teacher. It is one of the jobs of New Orleans.
New Orleans are still a port town at heart. There is a special tradition lurking under the surface that is closer to the concept of a family tradition. Voodoo came with the slave trade in the 18th century, directly from Africa. Dahomey and Congo traditions survived; culture, religion and customs adapted and depended on the social environment and spirit of the place in which they transfer. The Africans by nature were survivors. They embraced many magicks, those born here and brought here later. All these things determine the spirits called upon and how things take root. New Orleans was the perfect breeding ground to host a tradition that has earned her the reputation of Voodoo Capital of America.
Over a decade has passed since the catastrophe known as Katrina landed on August 29, 2015. BLOODY MARY AND BLOODY MARYS TOUR family were Katrina victims and well as first responders to donate psychic services, life coaching to the neighborhood workers, to helping mystically heal the city itself, and helping animal rescue physically and spiritually. Blood Mary did animal rescue of a different variety than ASPCA an helped cross many of the 150 thousand resorted dead pets cross over. “They seem to find me and follow me home, when I finally got to my home 6 months after Katrina, the pet spirits came in droves! I didn’t realize what was going on at first but so many died so quickly you might say they were in shock, but easy to soothe and take care of.”
We also donated tours and other ambassador-like assistance to the musicians and krewes as a co-sponsor with Amtrak on the City of New Orleans Train musicians fundraiser Tour October 2005 Arlo Guthrie and Willie Nelson w their daughters side animal Rescue Mission which brought pet food into town to feel all the strays, animal rescues, and to anyone who needed food for their pets.
Mambo Gina Vega worked hard and got her hands dirty as a Vet tech on double duty after Katrina and helped find homes for many of the Katrina rescues find homes. It has been a long road to recovery, but we made it.
WHY IS NEW ORLEANS CALLED
THE MOST HAUNTED CITY?
There is never really one reason for anything in this world or the next, and the spirit world of New Orleans is no exception. New Orleans was rumored to be the most haunted city in North America long before this current craze of paranormal enthusiasts jumped on the bandwagon. New Orleans also had the highest mortality rate in this country for several centuries as plagues, wars, and natural catastrophes claimed lives hand over fist. Although contributing factors to the geophysical wonder that is New Orleans, it is not those elements that cause the hauntings of this city. New Orleans has a colorful history, dabbled with tragedy, disaster and debauchery, good and ill.
New Orleans is an open book, who wears her battle scars proudly out in the open and in the public eye. She does not hide her graveyards – her voodoo, her corrupt politics, her triumphs or her ghosts – everything is all just right under your nose, hiding in plain sight.
Like everyone else, the spirits come and go freely. You could easily verify that tourism is the # 1 industry in New Orleans on the physical plane but I, Bloody Mary, believe it is so on spiritual plane too. Hauntings are not just about where you died at but really it's more about where you LIVE at– and there’s a lot of life in New Orleans.
Bloody Mary ©2003, last update 2015
• • •
What's different now?
The city has majorly changed since 80% of her city flooded. The rebuild of the physical structures, infrastructure business and the tourist industry is stronger than ever and is well at hand but the emotional psychological wellbeing of old New Orleans is still precarious. She is a rebuilt town and stuffed with different ingredients than before. Many of the newcomers may think their stuffing is better, stronger, healthier but our old ones a more loyal and steadfast, creative and artistic with a rich and savory underlying base- there is a tug of war in the now since over 50% of our population is new, all without the generations of upbringing that the local Creoles and her sought after customs attached. They are trying to clean us up and water our gumbo down and just put a bit too much kale in it, so Bohemia is gestating in the back alleys waiting to reemerge for it is not dead yet – let New Orleans live! Help us revive her still beating heart, hear her tales, toast to her ghosts, revel in the smudge and smear of tattered velvet and elegant decadence that was and is New Orleans! Long Live the Queen!
How did New Orleans history create America’s most unique city?
New Orleans, the "city that care forgot", a crescent city that was once nothing but a giant swamp, somehow grew to hold titles of the richest city in the union, the most decadent and still known to be the most haunted.
Maybe it is that hoodoo or voodoo magick that put you under a New Orleans Spell! Or is it the somewhat faded European flair and wrought iron balconies that beckon you to stay and find out? Is it the smell of Creole spiced and Cajun foods wafting through the evening air that tantalizes your senses?
Do the tempestuous libations pouring through the night call you to come out of your shell? Or does that frighten you to a state of excitement too much to bear? And the music born here, does it haunt your soul? We are the Hot Jazz and we sure know how to feel the blues! Either way she’s got you, and you are hers! Laissez Le Bon Temps Roulez: Let the good times roll!
Copyright 2005- 2022 Bloody Mary's Tours, Haunted Museum & Voodoo Shop | <urn:uuid:3a3eb0a1-bee5-4d01-b485-d797d66f2e5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bloodymarystours.com/new-orleans-history.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.968675 | 5,800 | 2.46875 | 2 |
CHE-MAN 5%, PHT
100% EDTA chelated micronutrient - manganese
CHE-MAN 5% chelated micronutrient is fully chelated and in a form readily available to plants. It is recommended for use as an additive in dry or liquid fertilizer. Soil application is the preferred method of application, although CHEMAN 5% may also be used as a foliar spray. It is important to treat the manganese deficiency before visual symptoms appear to insure proper yields. Rates of application will vary depending upon the severity of the deficiency, climate, soil type, and method of application. Consult your State Agricultural Experiment Station or Extension Specialists for advice in selecting treatments from this label to best fit local conditions. Avoid applying this product when plants are suffering from moisture stress.
CHE-MAN 5% is compatible with most pesticides (use the standard jar test to determine compatibility)
CHE-MAN 5% micronutrient is most effective when placed in the root zone during planting or moved into the soil by irrigation, tillage or rainfall
Directions and Usage
SOIL APPLICATION: CHE-MAN 5% micronutrient can be applied alone or in combination with dry or liquid fertilizer for preplant, starter or side dress applications. For most effective treatment of row crops, make soil application in a band at planting time or as a side dressing shortly after planting. CAUTION: DO NOT APPLY TO ORGANIC SOILS SUCH AS MUCK OR HIGH ORGANIC SANDS. Use foliar sprays on these soil types to correct manganese deficiencies.
FOLIAR APPLICATION: CHE-MAN 5%, when diluted with water according to label recommendations, can be applied as a foliar spray. Thorough coverage and use of wetting agents often enhance nutrient uptake from foliar sprays. After the correct dilution has been made, the spray solution should be buffered to a pH of 6-6.5. Foliar sprays of CHE-MAN 5% should not be considered a substitute for soil application but rather a supplement or temporary measure to correct the manganese deficiency. If label instructions are not followed for foliar application, phytotoxicity may occur. | <urn:uuid:ddac9576-72dc-4551-ab28-5032703f4c26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://planthealthtechnologies.simplot.com/product/CHE-MAN-5---PHT | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.898337 | 472 | 1.703125 | 2 |
We empower students with both knowledge and confidence. Dragonfly Education provides one-to-one and small group tutoring and test prep, in your home or online, for students of all ages.
This online resource guide features local businesses that provide services, activities and resources catered to BVSD families.
Disclaimer: The Boulder Valley School District does not endorse organizations and individuals listed on this page. Individuals and organizations pay a fee to advertise in this guide and have not been screened in any way. The Boulder Valley School District assumes no responsibility for the actions or abilities of any groups or individuals listed herein.
We offer music lessons (all instruments + voice), classes, camps, and ensembles for students of all ages and all abilities.
Junior Panthers and Junior Knights is a youth basketball HS feeder program for 4th - 8th grade Boys & Girls planning to attend Boulder or Fairview HS. Have fun and develop your basketball skills to the next level!
CenterStage Theatre Company’s mission is to create artistic productions and programs that enlighten, educate and entertain our community. We inspire and nurture passion for the performing arts by providing opportunities for all ages and abilities.
Front Range Anglers on Pearl Street Boulder, Colorado. FLY SHOP: Guided Trips, Classes, Adventure Travel & Kids Summer Camp for ages 9-14!
SPECIAL: Orvis Encounter Rod/Reel Outfit Reg. $169.00 NOW $99.00 *while supplies last
Advanced Tutoring Network is made up of dedicated, licensed educators and professionals with significant educational experience in the school system.
The CU Museum of Natural History offers a varied selection of object-based museum programs for schools, clubs, adults, families and other groups and is conveniently located on Boulder's main campus.
Tutoring for SAT/ACT Test Prep, Mathematics, Science, English, Foreign Languages, and more!
A music-focused, non-profit organization offering unique integrative learning experiences through weekly classes, private lessons, workshops, and events within your community and at a distance. Use coupon code "bvsd" for 10% off!
Climbing Club members will walk away with skills, confidence, and individual goals for their climbing journey. Our bouldering-only programs allow coaches to bring a high level of individual engagement and insight to each climber.
Boulder Parks & Recreation wants you to join our Superhero Team! We are in need of exceptional people to serve in several areas of play at BPR. Get paid to play and develop your professional skills in our community and culture of fun.
This is a 9-week group for 12 teens, in Boulder, CO. This group focuses on building deeper relationships with oneself and others through doing really cool interactive practices.
K-12 educational consulting, specializing in learning differences, special education, and 504 Plans. Helping families to understand and access the best educational supports for their child.
Life Size Science Camps @ Junkyard Social Club. Ages 6-12. 9am-3pm. June 6th - August 12th. Book by the day: $90/day. Campers explore LIFE-SIZE science on our adventure playground. Each day, campers will discover a new challenge and the skills to solve problems.
Registration for National Flag Football's Fall 2022 season is open. Use this code 26854 to receive $10 off registration fee.
Explore, Learn & Thrive! Safe, enriching summer camp experiences where kids learn skills in STEM, Arts and Sports, from best-in-class instructors & coaches.
The CU Boulder Speech, Language and Hearing Clinic (SLHC) offers a variety of speech, language, and communication services to children and adolescents in the Boulder and Denver Metropolitan area.
Frequent Flyers Aerial Dance creates and promotes the magic of aerial dance through performance and education. We offer aerial classes and camps for ages 5+. Come fly with us!
Find the best local resources. Connect with the community of Boulder County parents. Stay in the loop on everything kid-friendly and Boulder-based. Boulder County Kids is a FREE resource magazine for children & families throughout the Boulder County area.
Interested in marine science or exploration of the natural world? Our camps and classes are run by staff scientists who will share their knowledge and passion of the marine world!
Boulder Valley Lacrosse organizes youth lacrosse camps, clinics, and programs for boys of all experience levels (including beginners), in grades 1-8.
Explore the universe at Fiske! Our fun, family-friendly, fulldome immersive films will enchant and entertain kids of all ages. We offer a vast variety of enriching science films, star talks, and more.
Boulder Guitar Coach -- More Than Ordinary Guitar Lessons. Fully personalized guitar lessons, jam sessions and performances with a Colorado certified classroom teacher.
The Broomfield Leader is proud to provide the news that matters most to our community. Visit us for Broomfield's latest local headlines, school board updates, municipal decisions and more.
Wild Bear incorporates science, ecology, arts, writing, survival skills, and more into our programming to inspire a love of nature and encourage children’s natural curiosity. Nederland, CO www.wildbear.org
The Learning Source is offering free GED and ESL classes at the Lafayette Public Library, and free GED classes at the Boulder Public Library. Contact Anna Casserly at firstname.lastname@example.org for more information, or register here. | <urn:uuid:164f8374-926c-459e-bff4-5cb5281e152c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://connections.bvsd.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.911409 | 1,132 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Do you have a clicky or painful jaw? Can’t bite into an apple or eat a nice juicy steak?
Then make sure you read this incredibly important blog as I’m going to tell you exactly how your posture might be making all your jaw issues worse.
Jaw problems are a lot more common than many think. The real problem for anyone with jaw pain or clicking is that they don’t really know who to ask for help – their GP? Their dentist?
Then the problem comes down to the treatment. The jaw is just like any other part of your body – it’s influenced by everything around it. But more often than not jaw pain treatment purely focuses on the jaw so it misses all the other contributing factors that cause the jaw problems to keep coming back again and again.
Now let’s get into it.
So how does your posture influence your jaw pain?
It all comes down to how gravity falls on you and your muscles. Just like a dog’s body is designed to be efficient walking on all fours, our bodies do have an ideal posture where our muscles will work more efficiently and effectively.
The big issue is that modern day life has us slouched over smartphones, laptops and computers. Working days are getting longer and definitely in Mackay we have a lot of people with sitting jobs and operating machinery jobs which keep them in the same posture for a long time. We even now have TV series on demand so we can then spend all weekend sitting down and binge watching the latest hit series on Netflix.
How a slouched posture affects your jaw pain is really because of where your head ends up sitting. The further forwards of your body your head sits the harder it is for your jaw muscles to work. You can try it right now. Sit up really tall and bite down as hard as you can. Then slouch and poke your head forward and try to bite down again. I bet you found there was a lot less pressure the second time.
Now consider that those muscles do more than just eating. They are also working when you are talking. So a poked head forward posture will mean your jaw muscles will be overworking everytime you talk and eat and that is a lot of the time in your day.
It is honestly so important to address your posture to stop you from getting jaw pain or clicking for good. As you can see if all you do is treat locally at the jaw it’s impossible to get the long term relief you really want.
The big thing is… YOU DON’T NEED TO PUT UP WITH JAW PAIN AND CLICKING. You just need to get the right assessment and the right plan to banish it for good.
If you’d like to get these results too then click HERE to book online or give us a call on (07) 4999 9773 so we can get you back to doing what you want to do and what you love. | <urn:uuid:5abe4267-f679-4195-b316-af74bc66e413> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elitephysio.com.au/why-your-bad-posture-is-causing-jaw-pain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.960264 | 609 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Researchers are digging into the role of the hypothalamus in aging and dementia.
The hypothalamus which is a very small area in the brain and known for its many important functions in the body, such as regulating body temperature, growth, development, reproduction, metabolism and appetite (feelings of hunger or thirst). The Cells in the hypothalamus naturally decline as we get older and researchers are studying if replenishing these cells can slow or reverse cognitive aging.
Things you can do to help your hypothalamus stay healthy now:
1) Exercise daily to reduce the present of inflammation (inflammatory microglia).
2) Avoid excess eating and snacking to decrease inflammation in the hypothalamus.
3) Avoid eating late at night to help the body maintain its natural daily rhythm; this supports the memory center of the brain (the hippocampus). | <urn:uuid:3cec211c-d5a7-47d9-b358-3c4d4d77b8fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brainintercept.com/the-role-of-the-hypothalamus-in-aging-dementia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.914955 | 168 | 3.40625 | 3 |
The “Golden Ratio” is naturally and aesthetically pleasing proportion which is popular in design and architecture amongst other fields. The golden ratio works wonders in drawing the human eye into the composition. It is the ratio of placement of various elements in the photograph. The golden ratio is a mathematical constant with its value equivalent to 1.61803… denoted by the Greek letter “phi”.
Golden ratio is 1:1.61803399
The golden ratio has been practiced by artists over time and has served their work of arts with appreciation — be it Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci or the Egyptian pyramids. The golden ratio is best used when composing a scene comprised of two major contrasting planes. You can witness the implementation of golden ratio around you provided you consciously make an observation. You can practice golden ratio while shooting sunrise or sunset at horizon, golden sands (washed off by beach waters) or even while shooting flowers or portraits. The compositions are aesthetic and pleasing. You can consider to divide the plane horizontally, vertically or diagonally; thereby dividing the frame in two rectangles in the golden proportion.
Implementation Of Golden Ratio
Golden ratio is an advanced and complex composition technique. It is the rule designed for placement of elements on the frame in the aesthetic ratio which can be implemented in several ways; perhaps by using the golden mean, golden spiral or golden triangle.
Golden mean intends to divide the plane in three unequal parts (horizontally as well as vertically – as in the rule of thirds) such that two adjacent parts are in golden ratio and the subject is placed along the lines which divide the plane in golden proportion. The golden spiral on the other hand replicates the golden mean exemplified by the curves of the nautilus shell (exhibiting logarithmic spiral growth). The golden triangle is used for implementing the golden ratio diagonally; where the plane is divided into two equal halves diagonally and a perpendicular line is drawn from the opposite corners. The points where the lines intersect form the power points.
Here is an example of golden ratio viewed from the perspective of implementation of golden ratio in various ways.
In the following illustration, the golden mean is applied. The subject is placed along the points of intersection known as the power-points.
In this illustration, golden spiral is implemented to describe the golden ratio.
As a part of photo composition guide, Daniel Colegrove presents a tool for understanding the implementation of golden ratio. The Golden ratio tool comes in handy for understanding how the photographers apply golden mean, golden spiral and golden triangle to make the composition aesthetic and pleasing.
Applying golden mean, golden spiral and golden triangle can be tricky. The best thing is to implement the golden ratio by dividing the plane horizontally, vertically or diagonally; thereby dividing the frame in two rectangles in the golden proportion.
Golden Ratio Implemented Horizontally
Golden Mean Implemented Vertically
Golden Ratio Implemented Diagonally
It takes a little time getting used to composing in the golden ratio since the viewfinder is not very helpful in framing such a composition and an incorrect estimate will rather appear like an erroneous symmetry than an intended deliberate composition. Remember, the golden ratio itself doesn’t make a photograph beautiful, it only add to the composition by creating a level of interest. And as with any composition based effect, you can achieve this during the post-processing by cropping the edges of the photo to create or restore the golden ratio. | <urn:uuid:a439ea08-4d56-4c28-a01e-15d60685462e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.apnphotographyschool.com/composition/golden-ratio-compositional-rule-for-eye-catching-photographs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00535-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928363 | 716 | 3.609375 | 4 |
A total of 200 random samples of imported fish represented by Bangasius hypophanmus (Basa), Mullus surmuletus (Barboni), Saurida undosquamis (Mackerel) and Sparus aurata (Denise) (50 of each) were collected from different markets at Alexandria province during the period extended from March 2014 to February 2015, for detection of some enteropathogens including; enteropathogenic E. coli, Salmonellae, Shigella, Yersinia, Vibrio and Aeromonas hydrophila. It was found that E. coli was detected at an incidence of 42, 36, 38 and 26% in the examined samples of Basa, Barboni, Mackerel and Denis, respectively. Salmonella was isolated at an incidence of 6, 10, 8 and 4% of the examined samples, respectively. Shigella was recovered at an incidence of 26, 22, 28 and 18 % of the examined samples, respectively. Yersinia was detected at an incidence of 46, 42, 36 and 32% of the examined samples, respectively. Vibrio was detected at an incidence of 30, 28, 26 and 22% of the examined samples, respectively. Finally, A. hydrophila incidence was 16, 22, 16 and 12% of the examined samples, respectively. Moreover, biochemical and serological identification of the obtained isolates were performed. Also, the public health significance as well as suggestive hygienic measures to improve the quality of imported fish were discussed.
Key words: Enteropathogens, Basa, Barboni, Mackerel, Denise, | <urn:uuid:65adffe6-98c6-4ff7-b86a-e23b04d0553a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bibliomed.org/?mno=231606 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.968032 | 340 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Private international law, intellectual property and the Internet
Intellectual property is a territorial right; yet despite this there are a number of international treaties mandating standards. Historically, this has allowed private international law and intellectual Property to ignore each other. With the advent of the Internet this benign neglect has not only ended, but there has been a flood of new ideas on reconciling the territoriality of intellectual property with the global nature of the Internet. These new approaches attempt to deal with the problems associated with international intellectual property litigation - the uncertainty of which law applies, multiplicity of claims andforum shopping - each of which increases the cost for both users and proprietors of intellectual property. This thesis examines these approaches, using wealth maximisation and economic efficiency, and determines that none of themfits within the constructs of an efficient solution. However, the proposalfor a single applicable law, enabling consolidation, is seized upon as efficient. It then follows that the principle of consensual exchange, enabling private parties to agree which court has jurisdiction and which law applies (rather than States mandating these matters), is the efficient solution to the selection problem. This consensual exchange proposal contains two paradigms - the bilateral and the unilateral - which in turn are broken down into ten propositions. The bilateral paradigm permits parties to select not only the jurisdiction to adjudicate the dispute, but also the universal applicable law. The unilateral Paradigm uses the doctrine actor sequitur forum rei, with the universal applicable law being selected ex ante by the proprietor. Finally the propositions are placed within the context of international, regional and domestic law (of the four target jurisdictions: England and Wales, the United States, France and Germany) and questions of compatibility are assessed. | <urn:uuid:5b7a2321-e4c1-42b2-b948-034119d78a38> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429392 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00434-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914506 | 345 | 1.664063 | 2 |
This report highlights the potential future funding gap in social care and draws on the Dilnot Commission review of funding for adult social care to outline the possible options for reform.
Michelle Mitchell, Age UK, on the challenge of funding and delivering adult social care in England, and the urgent need for reform.
The Government is set to publish a White Paper and draft Bill on the future of social care. The White Paper will set out the Government’s response to the recommendations from the Law Commission (2011), but is expected to shy away from fully addressing proposals put forward by the Dilnot Commission on Funding of Care and Support.
This Nuffield Trust policy response examines the current level of funding of social care and the Dilnot Commission’s recommendations, and suggests ways of funding a fairer, more sustainable system of social care.
The Dilnot Commission recommendations have received broad support across organisations that represent care users and providers.
It is imperative that the Government’s planned White Paper addresses the underlying funding gap. Failure to address social care funding will put vulnerable older people at risk and increase pressure on the NHS.Nuffield Trust Chief Economist Anita Charlesworth
A better-funded social care system, which includes the Dilnot proposals, will require increased public spending on adult social care. Reforming social care: options for funding, examines various options for paying for this in the short and longer term.
Potential solutions identified in the paper include: minimising the cost of the Dilnot recommendations by opting for a higher level of caps; generating more productivity from existing social care services; and exploring options for redirecting elements of the health and welfare budgets into social care.
It suggests that the Government urgently needs to begin a dialogue with the public about how social care will be paid for in the future.
Some progress has been made in discussing the principle of individuals contributing their own wealth and assets to pay for their own care. But there has been much less debate on the need for additional public funding. The report also calls for a parallel focus on improving the quality of social care provision.
For further information about our work in this area, visit the dedicated area of work page on NHS and social care reform. | <urn:uuid:d4602a46-26c7-4bd2-b7c0-1af50b43f878> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/publications/reforming-social-care-options-funding | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00344-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932239 | 448 | 1.695313 | 2 |
If you’re a fan of TV’s “Mythbusters,” then you may already know the truth about many popular fictions – like how a heated Jawbreaker can explode when you bite into it, or that a home ceiling fan cannot decapitate you, or that your toilet seat is the cleanest surface in your house. While these are fun myths to try to debunk, knowing the facts of these fictional stories most likely won’t affect your personal finances.
What can impact your wallet is what you know – and just as importantly, what you don’t know – about your credit score. Your credit score is a three-digit numerical representation of your credit-worthiness, or how likely you are to reliably pay back money you borrow. It may seem simple enough, but credit scores aren’t always intuitive. Even when you think you’re doing the right thing financially, you may be actually hurting your credit score.
When it comes to credit reports and scores, knowledge is power. Here are the real facts behind 10 common credit score fictions:
Fiction: The more money you make, the better your credit score will be.
Fact: Your income has nothing to do with your credit score. It’s not reported to the credit bureaus or listed on your credit report. Really, it isn’t. Take a look!
Fiction: Once you’ve paid a past-due debt, it will drop off of your credit report.
Fact: Late payments and other negative information remain on your credit report for seven years from the date of the initial late payment. Bankruptcies typically stick around for 10 years from the bankruptcy filing date. While that black mark may continue to soil your credit report, however, its effect on your credit score will lessen over time.
Fiction: Credit bureaus never make mistakes.
Fact: Nearly 8 in 10 credit reports contain a serious error or some sort of mistake, according to a survey by the U.S. Public Interest Research Groups. Because many errors can negatively impact your credit score, it’s important to check your credit report regularly and dispute any inaccuracies you find. To take a look at your credit report and score for free, and dispute credit report errors online, visit Quizzle.com.
Fiction: Practicing a cash-only policy will help your credit score.
Fact: Having good credit is a function of having credit available to you and using it responsibly. If you don’t have or use credit, you may have no credit history at all and if you do, your credit score won’t be as good as someone who consistently demonstrates responsible use of credit over time.
Fiction: All credit reports and credit scores are the same.
Fact: You have three main credit reports – one from Experian, Equifax and Transunion – plus a variety of credit scores. The information listed on each of your credit reports may vary and your credit scores – even if based on a single report – may also vary. No one credit report or score is better than the others. They all seek to document your credit history and assess your credit risk.
Fiction: How responsibly you manage your checking, savings and investment accounts will impact your credit score.
Fact: Like income, your checking, savings and investment account activity is not reported to the credit bureaus and does not affect your credit score.
Fact: When you close a credit card account, you may be affecting your “credit utilization.” Credit utilization is simply how much credit you use (balances) compared to how much credit is available to you (credit limits). Closing a credit card account lowers the amount of credit that’s available to you, which may increase your credit utilization percentage if you maintain balances on any of your other credit cards. A higher credit utilization may negatively impact your credit score.
Fiction: Pulling your own credit report will lower your credit score.
Fact: When you pull your credit report for your own educational purposes, it’s considered a “soft inquiry” and will not affect your credit score. On the other hand, when a creditor or lender pulls your credit report for the purpose of extending you credit or a loan, it’s a “hard inquiry” and may negatively impact your credit score. (Learn more about credit inquiries.)
Fiction: If a bill or debt isn’t reported to the credit bureaus, missing a payment won’t affect your credit score.
Fact: Any time you pay a bill late or don’t pay it at all, that activity can be reported to the credit bureaus. Different companies have different policies about reporting late payments or negative information, but never assume that just because you’ve never seen a particular bill listed on your credit report that it can’t negatively impact your credit score if you don’t pay it.
Fiction: Disputing accurate information will remove it from your credit report.
Fact: You can only dispute information on your credit report that is inaccurate. When you dispute information on your credit report, the credit bureau has 30 days to investigate. If it finds the dispute to be valid, it will remove the inaccurate information. If, however, the dispute claim is found to be false, that information will not be removed from your credit report. Beware of credit repair companies claiming that they can get negative – albeit accurate – information removed from your credit report. This practice is illegal and these companies are generally scams.
Related articles from the Quizzle Wire:
- How to Build Credit from Scratch in 6 Easy Steps
- 12 Ways to Spring-Clean Your Finances
- When to Freeze Your Credit Report and How to Do It
- 10 Ways to Use Your Tax Refund to Improve Your Home | <urn:uuid:bc397d8e-9bdb-4d09-b8a6-00bb676e8b1f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.quizzle.com/2010/04/10-credit-score-facts-and-fictions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00425-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939216 | 1,209 | 2.390625 | 2 |
British Columbia’s major arts organizations have joined forces in a mission to convince the BC government to show greater support for arts and culture.
The Assembly of BC Arts Councils, the BC Touring Council, the Vancouver-based Alliance for Arts and Culture, and the ProArt Alliance of Greater Victoria, through the “Creativity Counts” arts advocacy initiative, are recruiting “Community Arts Champions” in each of the province’s ridings to personally take the case for public investment to their local MLAs.
Collectively these organizations and their members represent thousands of artists and community arts groups.
Over the coming weeks, delegations representing community and professional arts organizations and their audiences, small business partners, volunteers, donors, and other supporters will convey to MLAs the benefits to society that a thriving cultural sector brings, and the vital role played by a long tradition of public support, ensuring accessibility for all British Columbians.
“Our goal with the Creativity Counts campaign and this Community Arts Champions initiative is to demonstrate the depth and reach of the arts sector in every community in BC,“ said Alliance for Arts and Culture executive director Amir Ali Alibhai in announcing the launch of the campaign.
“Our Community Arts Champions will seek to develop meaningful relationships with all MLAs from both political parties, and to demonstrate that public investment in the arts is crucial to the health of our communities everywhere in British Columbia,” Alibhai explained.
“Our creative sector, with the help of private and public investment, an independent jury process, as well as donor and volunteer commitment, has generated a cultural legacy that endures as a source of pride for all British Columbians. Now this legacy is seriously at risk,” noted Nelson-based BC Touring Council’s executive director Joanna Maratta in supporting the announcement.
“According to Statistics Canada, BC spends by far the least per capita on public investment for operating grants for arts organizations, compared to other provinces. After the recent cuts BC’s per capita investment in the arts is $6.54, while most recently available figure for the national average is $26.73.
“In most other jurisdictions, the tough economy has meant greater, not less, investment in community-based arts and culture spending. BC is one of the only jurisdictions where we are seeing severe cuts, and it just doesn’t make sense,” added Ms. Maratta.
Cuts to the arts have gone much deeper than cuts to other government services. Even though the province’s MLA’s on the Standing Committee on Finance and Government Services unanimously recommended restoring arts funding to 2008-09 levels in the lead-up to last March’s budget, this year:
• The BC Arts Council was initially cut 53 percent from 2008/09, though part of those funds were restored recently, for which the community is very grateful;
• BC Gaming Commission funds for the arts were cut 58 percent from 2008/09;
• A $10 million annual supplementary fund has been created, of which 30 percent went to “spirit festivals,” while traditional festivals are seeing their grants severely slashed, and the rest of the supplemental fund was spent on restoring much of the initial cuts to the Arts Council;
• Total government investment in culture, (including the newly announced $10 million annual supplementary fund) was reduced by 32.4 per cent from the 2008/09 budget.
“When we meet with our MLA’s, we will talk with them about the 3.5 million British Columbians who go, or take their children or grandchildren to a museum, a public gallery, children’s festival, a music festival or theatre production, or those who enjoy the great BC writers and BC books and publications, or whose children dream of a future as a performer,’ said ProArt Alliance advocacy coordinator Peter Sandmark from Victoria.
“If present trends continue, many of these opportunities will vanish, because these organizations will shut down or reduce programming to a minimum, only to be rebuilt when a government has the foresight to re-invest in this vital sector of our society, Mr. Sandmark concluded.”
Anyone interested in participating in the Creativity Counts Community Arts Champions initiative should contact the Alliance for Arts and Culture’s director of communications at email@example.com.
Creativity Counts is an Alliance for Arts and Culture advocacy campaign with three goals:
• The soonest possible restoration of arts investment from all provincial government sources to the 2008/2009 levels;
• The ultimate increasing of stable, arms-length investment in the arts to at least the national average; and
• The development, by the cultural community, of a position paper to be presented to all political parties and stakeholders as a starting point for the creation of a comprehensive and sustainable arts funding policy for British Columbia. | <urn:uuid:dfee0e42-d07c-4e97-8240-479897b92499> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.allianceforarts.com/blog/network-community-arts-champions-meet-mlas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954315 | 1,012 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Secularism and the assisted dying debate
Posted: Fri, 13 Jan 2012
The recent report on assisted dying by the Falconer Commission has caused a strong division between supporters and opponents. Research has found that the majority of the British public support assisted dying for the terminally ill.
The debate is far from over and there are genuine evidence-based concerns that need to be addressed. The main concern of the NSS is that religious voices are given undue weight in the debate. We contend that any policy or legal decisions should be determined by evidence and law rather than religious dogma.
NSS Honorary Associate Dr Evan Harris commented "People should be able to decide for themselves how they die rather than having to suffer because someone else with more religious views says that their life is sacred".
When the subject is raised, either in Parliament or in the media, some religious groups object, using a mixture of religious beliefs and scare tactics. When the House of Lords debated Lord Joffe's Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill in May 2006, 14 members of the Anglican Bench of Bishops voted to block further discussion and the Chief Rabbi and the Roman Catholic Church also opposed the Bill.
In 2011, the Commission on Assisted Dying led by Lord Falconer was launched to investigate the circumstances under which it should be possible for people to be assisted to die, to recommend what system, if any, should exist to allow this, to identify who should be entitled use the system, to determine what safeguards should be put in place to ensure that vulnerable people are neither abused nor pressured to choose an assisted death and to recommend what changes in the law, if any, should be introduced . This Commission was partly funded by NSS Honorary Associate Sir Terry Pratchett and set up by Dignity in Dying.
The Commission's report was that there is a strong case for allowing assisted suicide within a strict set of guidelines for people who are terminally ill in England and Wales.
The report said that assisted suicide should be allowed if a person was over 18, terminally ill and judged as having less than 12 months to live, making a voluntary choice and not impaired mentally. They would also need to be independently assessed by two doctors and would have to take the medicine themselves. Euthanasia - where another person administers the substance - should not be allowed. The report also said that end-of-life care needed to be improved to ensure people were not pushed into the decision because of inadequate access to care.
The Commission received evidence from over 1300 sources but was attacked for being flawed and biased. Objections included the fact that many doctors do not support it, that there was a bias in the selection of members of the commission, that there are not adequate safeguards and various moral or ethical objections, both religious and otherwise.
Physician assisted dying is currently illegal in the UK although it is legal in Belgium, Luxemburg, the Netherlands and Oregon and Washington states, and decriminalized in Switzerland. Assisting a suicide is illegal under the 1961 Suicide Act, but the director of public prosecutions laid out guidance covering what factors would be taken into consideration when deciding whether to prosecute a person who had helped someone to die. | <urn:uuid:d03dda84-7da6-431c-a3f1-2ed9d7cc1fb0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2012/01/secularism-and-the-assisted-dying-debate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.975086 | 648 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Last fall Jane Gross, journalist and author of A Bittersweet Season, spoke about her experiences supporting and caring for her elderly mother. The presentation at Brethren Village, a retirement community in Lancaster, PA, shares observations, experiences, things she wishes she had done, and much more.
If you provide caregiving support to a family member, take a few minutes to read a short article about Five Facts About Family Caregivers at the Pew Research Center website. The short article offers details from a survey that collected information about participants’ views concerning caring for aging parents, part of a larger Pew project that focused on Family Support in Graying Societies.The image at right is one of the graphs from the article.
The information presented in this report includes data collected from participants about their views on family caregiving in the United States including:
- the different people for whom family members provide care;
- the ages at which people are most likely to become caregivers;
- that most family caregivers are unpaid and not providing financial aid to the family member for whom they offer support;
- how emotional support appears to be a significant part of the caregiving responsibilities; and
- the rewards and stress that caregivers experience.
In addition to the graph at the right, the article features several more images that depict survey data and much more information, especially if you click to look at the more comprehensive report. Pew reports that surveys were conducted from October to December 2014 among 1,692 adults in the United States, 1,700 in Germany, and 1,516 in Italy.
On a daily basis I hear people use the word facility, and it’s almost always modified by the adjectives such as assisted living, nursing, and care. I’ll stand in the supermarket line and overhear a conversation between two people about moving a frail relative into a nursing facility. I’ll read an article or watch a television program, and sure enough, if an elder who needs care is involved, they go to a facility. I’ll listen to a social worker (who should know better) in a hospital tell a friend that her parent needs to be moved from the hospital into a rehab facility (and my friend has two days to pull off the move). Continue reading
No one ever wants to think about the possibility of a nursing home. Yet long-term care may figure prominently in many of our lives.
The New York Times recently published two articles by Jane Brody about how to choose a nursing home community carefully. In part one, Nursing Home Unthinkable? Be Prepared in Case It’s Inevitable, she interviews people who point out how the biggest problem for most families is the timing — the necessity of choosing a nursing community with little time for discovery or preparation.
The piece presents a veritable checklist to help a family go about making a choice when true nursing care is required.
Best Quote in Part I
Nursing homes generally have had a bad reputation as smelly, indifferent places where people go to die. But “there are some homes that are better than being at home,” Ms. Leefer said in an interview. “And there are many more good facilities than bad ones.”
You know a movie speaks to the audience when people just sit there as the credits start to roll rather than getting up and moving out. That’s what happened this evening when my husband and I went to see Alive Inside, the Sundance award-winning documentary about the role that music plays in the lives of elderly people who experience brain disease and loneliness. At first, no one got up to leave.
The other day I described how we watched a preview of Alive Inside at one of Dr. Bill Thomas’ Second Wind events last March and how we were moved to tears. That only begins to describe the reactions in the movie theatre tonight. The people in front of me were tearful and talking about a relative. The young people behind me were sniffling and whispering about their grandmother. I was thinking about my family members.
As I looked around, I observed individuals with hands on their faces, hands folded in prayer, and people with eyes riveted to the screen as we all watched person after person, mostly elders, smile, move, talk, remember, and transform — as the music played. We saw exuberance, animation, even joy come on to faces that, only moments before were vacant.
Note: If after reading this post you are interested in seeing the movie, please check out my Alive Inside movie review.
I discovered Alive Inside, the Sundance award-winning documentary film that demonstrates the power that music can exercise over memory loss, a few months ago when my husband and I shared an amazing experience attending the Second Wind Tour. This nationwide extravaganza that travelled over the country helped Dr. Bill Thomas to launch Second Wind, his new book about aging and the importance of living in deeper and more thoughtful ways, included a partial screening of Alive Inside (check out the trailer below), and I left the event in greater awe of music than ever before. That’s saying a lot because I’m a lifelong musician.
Alive Inside, Michael Rossato-Bennett’s documentary film, tells the story of a man’s determination to try a new kind of therapy with patients experiencing severe memory loss. Dan Cohen gives iPods personalized with music to people with severe memory impairment, and then watches how they listen and respond.The results, you see them right there on the screen, are astonishing.
The fragile people, mostly elders, listening to the music begin to react, interact, and even talk about experiences that the music reawakens. They associate the music with memories that often come rushing back and often with each individual’s ability to talk about the memories. Cohen pursues his projects against considerable odds — namely a healthcare system that treats aging as a medical problem rather than a time of life. Continue reading | <urn:uuid:753f2939-8b3b-47b0-b016-bdc3d651741d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://asourparentsage.net/category/elder-care/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00180-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969503 | 1,227 | 1.53125 | 2 |
August’s drinks event at the Rose and Crown co-incides with the 236th anniversary of the signing of US Declaration of Independence on August 2nd 1776. This lesser known date trailed its publication by almost a month but was a key ritualistic step in the creation of the world’s first nation founded upon an idea. The Republic born on that day is a pre-eminent example of the value of liberty, and the dangers it suffers. Two hundred years later and that nation is on it’s last legs, it’s core ideas have been dismissed and disregarded by misinformed mobs so many times that only an intellectual revolution will save it.
Some have argued that democracy can be tweaked, and the franchise restricted in order to preserve the balance of incentives in favour of liberty. Jan Clifford Lester, a scholar and author with a 30 year record of defending and promoting liberty, has another solution and will join us at the Rose and Crown to share part of his research for his forthcoming Dictionary of Anti-Politics in which this solution is to be found.
The event will begin with drinks at 7pm and the talk beginning shortly after 8. on August 2nd.
You want the Rose and Crown, Colombo Street, Southwark. A map and options to RSVP can be found on Meetup.com. | <urn:uuid:73b938a7-e1ed-426b-914e-2fb0b4590fbf> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://libertarianhome.co.uk/2012/07/democracies-republics-and-other-unnecessary-evils/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00404-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962864 | 273 | 1.882813 | 2 |
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The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer.
Written by Scott Cleland
Google recently complained in a blog post called “When patents attack Android” that it is the victim of a vast anti-competitive conspiracy to enforce property-rights against Google’s fast-growing Android mobile operating platform. Google goes on to charge that competitors are wielding “bogus patents” “as a weapon to stop” Google’s innovation. Google specifically is complaining it is anti-competitive that a group of some of its competitors outbid Google to own Nortel’s roughly 6,000 patents.
Prior to the Nortel patent auction, Google made a high-profile “stalking horse” bid of about $900 million for the Nortel patents that it now complains are largely “bogus.” Google also declared after this initial bid: “we hope this portfolio will… create a disincentive for others to sue Google…” If Google was not so patently deceptive in its public relations, Google would have entitled its recent post: “When Google attacks patents.”
Behind Google’s feigned indignation is an old legal adage: when the law is not on your side you argue the facts, when the facts are not on your side you argue the law, but when neither the law nor facts are on your side – you pound the table. Take note: Google is loudly pounding the table.
Effectively, Google is implying that vast numbers of existing patents approved by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) are bogus and thus anti-competitive. Even more bizarrely, Google is effectively arguing that the constitutional right of inventors to patent and own inventions via the due process of the USPTO somehow turns anti-competitive if and when patent owners choose to exercise their legal rights to defend their property in court against Google infringement. Google has a patently self-serving view of antitrust law.
At core, Google is furiously throwing stones at competitors from its glass house.
First, arguably no other Fortune 500 company has ever been more hostile to others’ property rights than Google.
- To go public in 2004, Google had to settle an Overture patent infringement claim for $250 million over the core invention underlying Google’s Adwords auction process.
- In 2005, Google began scanning copyrighted books without the permission of the rights holders; the number of infringed works now numbers 15 million books and counting. After being sued around the world by authors and publishers, Google settled for $125 million, but that settlement has been opposed for the last two years as anti-competitive by the Register of Copyrights, the Department of Justice and a Federal Court.
- In 2007, Viacom filed a billion-dollar copyright infringement suit against Google's YouTube for illegally downloading over 100,000 copyrighted videos. The lower court decision noted Google knew it willfully infringed copyrighted videos.
- In 2010, Oracle sued Google for billions of dollars because it “knowingly, directly and repeatedly infringed Oracle’s Java-related property.” The presiding Federal judge in the case has agreed to include an incriminating Google email that shows Android officials in Google did know they needed to license the Java patents in dispute.
- Also in 2010, Skyhook Wireless sued Google for infringing several of its WiFi location engine patents that collectively enable most location-driven mobile applications. Google’s competitors have respected and licensed Skyhook’s patents.
Second, Google has misrepresented its open source software bona fides in its patent defense. In a recent study by VisionMobile, it found Google-Android to be “the least open of open source mobile platforms.” This is highly problematic for Google’s stance in the Oracle patent case in particular, because it shows Google misrepresenting itself as an open source software purist when the facts show the opposite.
Finally, the FTC, which is investigating Google for antitrust violations, is unlikely to fall for Google’s ploy to shift antitrust enforcement attention away from Google and onto Apple and Microsoft. While Google may have been successful in getting FTC approval of its AdMob acquisition by spuriously charging that Apple was the real anti-competitive threat to mobile advertising, despite the FTC’s “serious antitrust concerns” about the transaction, Google’s latest scheme is unlikely to work again. The FTC understands the old adage, “fool me once shame on you, fool me twice shame on me.”
In sum, Google’s charges that protection and enforcement of property rights in court is somehow anti-competitive, is a patently self-serving redefinition of the Constitution, property rights and antitrust law. If Google is going to sweepingly charge that thousands of patents it may be infringing are “bogus,” Google better be prepared to prove that in court. What is really “bogus” here is Google’s political argument that the DOJ should somehow become Constitutional Convention, Congress, USPTO and Federal Court all rolled into one in order to grant Google an effective pardon for its widespread infringement of patents -- under some novel self-serving interpretation of antitrust law.
Common sense tells us free markets cannot exist without enforceable property rights, so suing to protect one’s property rights in court is pro-competitive, while serially infringing competitors’ property rights -- like Google does -- is anti-competitive.
Scott Cleland is President of Precursor LLC, a consultancy serving Fortune 500 clients, some of which are Google competitors; he is also author of Search & Destroy Why You Can’t Trust Google Inc. | <urn:uuid:ba5cde30-0fc5-486d-8413-b1b6fccaa7c1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2011/08/12/google-asserts-that-property-rights-are-anti-competitive/?commentPage=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00026-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924822 | 1,186 | 1.78125 | 2 |
A man smokes marijuana recreationally in Toronto.
Kevin Frayer, Associated Press
Marijuana use has increased in popularity from 2007 to 2012, according to a new study.
, Seattle Times/MCT
Marijuana use on the rise among young adults, boomers
- Article by: Emily Alpert
- Los Angeles Times
- September 13, 2013 - 8:57 PM
The growing popularity of marijuana has propelled a rise in drug use among Americans, including those in their 50s and 60s, a recently released national survey shows.
Marijuana remains the most common drug, and it increased in popularity from 2007 to 2012, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health found. Rising marijuana use helped drive up drug use among young adults, more than a fifth of whom said they had used “illicit drugs” in the previous month. Almost 19 percent of adults ages 18 to 25 had recently used marijuana.
Drug use also rose among adults ages 50 to 64, the study found. The surge was especially strong among Americans in their late 50s, whose rates of illicit drug use grew from 1.9 percent up to 6.6 percent between 2002 and 2012. Researchers believe the increase is largely because baby boomers, who were more likely to use drugs than earlier generations, are aging into that group.
Marijuana use has increased as legalization wins more support from Americans, with a majority telling the Pew Research Center in a poll this year that the drug should be legal. Though marijuana use was on the rise, many other drugs have dwindled in use or stayed about the same: Cocaine was less common in 2012 than in 2006, when only 1 percent of Americans said they had used it in the last month. Less than 640,000 people said they had started using it in the past year, compared with 1 million new users a decade earlier.
Methamphetamine use fell slightly, while hallucinogens were used about as frequently as a decade earlier, the study showed. There was also little change in Americans using psychotherapeutic drugs for reasons other than those prescribed.
The new study also examined alcohol and tobacco use. Underage drinking fell between 2002 and 2012: Last year, less than a quarter of underage people said they drank alcohol in the last month, compared with 28.8 percent of underage people a decade earlier.
Smoking has also declined among teenagers, though a separate survey recently showed that electronic cigarettes had become increasingly popular with teens.
The annual survey includes about 70,000 teens and adults and is sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Most of the questions are answered privately on a computer; in some instances an interviewer asks a question out loud and enters what the person says.
© 2017 Star Tribune | <urn:uuid:8c2798dc-30ea-406a-8a8f-701bd235410f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.startribune.com/printarticle/?id=223657281 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00350-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971696 | 572 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Back when NASA released Curiosity’s first self-portrait from the surface of Mars, there was a surprisingly large number of people who doubted the veracity of the image. Most of these doubts revolved around the 7-foot robotic arm that captured the photo, but which isn’t actually visible. As with the Moon landing photos, there were conspiracy theorists who claimed that the self-portrait was actually shot here on Earth. “It’s impossible to shoot a photo and not have your arm visible,” the tinfoil-hat-wearing fruitcakes decried. “A third party must’ve taken the photo… or it’s CGI!”
NASA, which is rightfully rather proud of its ability to land a one-ton rover on another planet after a 352-million-mile journey, seemingly took these attacks to heart and has now published information about how the self-portrait was taken.
As we originally reported, the self-portrait is a mosaic of 55 images captured by the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), which sits on the end of Curiosity’s 7-foot robotic arm. These 55 images were taken in such a way that the arm was mostly out of shot — and where that wasn’t possible, data from other images (other angles) was used to fill in the gaps.
As you can see in the animation above, the moves that MAHLI makes as it traverses Curiosity are very exact. According to National Geographic, these movements were planned out last year by none other than James Cameron, and Michael Malin and Michael Ravine of MSSS, the company that manufactured Curiosity’s cameras. “Actually, there weren’t that many images with the arm in them because of how we positioned the arm,” Ravine explains. “It’s like if you hold a camera out in front of you with your elbow crooked and shoot—what you’ll probably get is your face and top of your body including your shoulder, but most of your arm is out of the frame.”
The exact movements to shoot all 55 images were then programmed into NASA’s Rover Sequencing and Visualization Program (RSVP), and then tested on the Curiosity’s stunt double — the Vehicle System Test Bed at the Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena (pictured above). Before trying out new maneuvers, just as an extra precaution, NASA generally tests them on the VSTB first. Finally, to take the actual self-portrait on Mars, NASA simply presses “play” in RSVP, transmitting the commands to NASA’s Deep Space Network antennae, which squirts them across 200 million miles of deep space to the rover.
In other news, Curiosity has now reached the region of Glenelg, and is powering along to Yellowknife Bay, where the rover will hopefully try out its percussive hammer for the first time (by drilling into an interesting rock). The photo below was taken at Shaler, where Curiosity briefly stopped to take some photos and other scientific measurements. Curiosity will likely spend a few weeks/months in the Glenelg region before turning south to Mount Sharp — the final destination of the rover’s primary mission. | <urn:uuid:6ce8fb11-5a38-46f4-ae0c-0ac04e25295e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/143244-nasa-combats-the-conspiracy-theorists-how-curiosity-took-a-self-portrait-on-mars | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.954515 | 680 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Anecdotes can be so compelling. The apt story can illuminate and illustrate in ways that speak to hearts as well as minds.
And yet, anecdotes not representative of broader data can obscure and mislead. Thus do we in America find ourselves enjoying the triennial good fortune of two major data sets having just been released that display the state of the median household (and all others as well) in 2016 for two major economic building blocks. One is household income, from the annual Income and Poverty in the United States report by the Bureau of the Census. The other is the household balance sheet, from the triennial Survey of Consumer Finances study by the Federal Reserve Board.
The state of the median household in 2016, both in terms of income and net worth, was a glass half full and half empty: full relative to the recent past, empty relative to the past generation.
Start with income. Median household income in 2016 was $59,039. In inflation-adjusted real terms, this was 3.2 percent higher than in 2015 and fully 8.5 percent higher than in 2014. This two-year increase was the strongest in decades. Median household income in 2016 was for the first time higher than its 2007 peak on the eve of the world financial crisis at $58,149. The official poverty rate (defined as the share of households below some income line, which varies by household size and was, for example, $24,563 for a household of four) in 2016 was 12.7 percent, down 0.8 percentage points from 2015—which in turn was down 1.3 percentage points from the 2014 level. In 2016 there were 40.6 million Americans in poverty, down from 46.6 million in 2014.
And yet. 2016 median household income of $59,039 was only $374 higher (again, in real terms) than it was in 1999—and only in this past year was that previous high-water mark surpassed. That translates into an average annual increase in America’s median household income over the past generation of just $22—less than 0.04 percent. This is not the stuff of an economy powering into the 21st century with vigor. It is even less so when juxtaposed with the price of items many Americans dream about buying one day. The total cost of attendance for a Dartmouth freshman this year is … $71,827. This is almost the total income of the 60th percentile household last year: $74,869. Most measures of income inequality have risen over the past generation, too. The ratio of household incomes at the 90th percentile to those at the 10th percentile rose from 10.42 in 1999 to 12.53 in 2016. (The income of the 90th and 95th percentile households last year were $170,536 and $225,251, respectively—with the mean income of the top five percent $375,088.)
As we have earlier written (such as here), a major force accounting for poor growth in U.S. incomes has been poor growth in labor productivity. Indeed, the 2016 male full-time year-round median earnings of $51,640 was 4.4 percent less than the peak first reached all the way back in 1973—just before U.S. productivity growth slowed dramatically. In the last few years, much of the increase in U.S. incomes has come from declining unemployment. In 2016, 2.2 million more adults were working full-time, year-round compared to in 2015. But with the unemployment rate today down to just 4.4 percent, America is basically at full employment. Continued poor growth in productivity in a full-employment economy does not bode well for continued strong growth in incomes.
Now look at balance sheets (where although the Fed SCF survey describes its unit of observation as families, it also states that, “As used here, this term is more comparable with the U.S. Census Bureau definition of ‘households’”). From 2013 to 2016 the inflation-adjusted real median net worth of all U.S. households rose 16 percent, to $97,300. Segmenting households by education of head reveals that the largest median net-worth increase was for those headed by a high school dropout, at 29 percent—versus just a 2-percent increase for those headed by a college graduate. Much of what drove rising net worth was rising home prices: median net worth for homeowner households rose by 15 percent, versus a decline of 5 percent for renter households. The proportion of all households that save at least something out of current income rose from 53 percent in 2013 to 55.4 percent in 2016. And the share of all households that own stocks, directly or indirectly, rose from 48.8 percent in 2013 to 51.9 percent in 2016.
And yet. Median household net worth of $97,300 in 2016 remained nearly a third below its pre-crisis peak of $139,700 in 2007, and 8 percent below its generation-ago level of $105,800 in 1998. As with incomes, even more so with net worth: the median American household today is worse off than it was a generation ago. And the distribution of net worth shows a shocking fragility for the households below the median. The bottom quartile net-worth households had a median net worth in 2016 of just $200—and the mean net worth among these households was negative $12,100. These bottom-quartile households are worse off today than they were all the way back in 1989, when their respective median and mean net worth were $400 and negative $1,100. At the other end of the distribution, for households in the top decile of net worth the median and mean net worth in 2016 were about $2.4 million and $5.3 million.
Where does all this data leave American households? Ambivalent. In their most recent survey of Americans, The Wall Street Journal and NBC again posed a question they have been asking every few years for nearly 30: “Do you feel confident or not confident that life for our children’s generation will be better than it has been for us?” If you truly want to ask people how they feel, don’t ask them about themselves: ask them about their children. Despite the past few years of rising incomes and expanding balance sheets, only 35 percent of Americans today say they feel confident the future will be better for their children—versus 61 percent who do not feel confident that will be the case. In that time before America’s rocky economic start to the 21st century, optimism was much more prevalent. Even coming out of recession, in late 1990 the confident outpolled the not confident 50 percent to 45 percent—and so they did again in late 2001, by a margin of 49 percent to 42 percent.
The median U.S. household today sees tangible progress in the past few years. But this progress evaporates when benchmarked against where things were a generation ago. America is not alone in its unease. In its 2017 survey of economic prospects across 32 nations, Pew Research Center found that in the dozen advanced countries polled only 34 percent of adults think that children today will be better off financially than their parents—versus 58 percent who think the children will be worse off financially. In Australia, Canada, France, Greece, Japan, Spain, and the UK, over two-thirds of people say today’s children will be worse off.
This ambivalence presents a great opportunity for leaders: for business and government leaders alike to envision and then create a stronger tomorrow, in their workplaces and public policies alike. Leaders, take your mark. | <urn:uuid:3e394713-5d12-43d0-8765-1859c3b6e380> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tuck.dartmouth.edu/news/articles/slaughter-rees-report-the-ambivalent-median-household-income | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.967333 | 1,580 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Presentation on theme: "Higher Education for Sustainable Development: Public or Private Good?"— Presentation transcript:
Higher Education for Sustainable Development: Public or Private Good?
What is Public Good Role of Govt in allocating resources Sandy Baum and Michael McPherson (2011) look at two characteristics : Non-excludability (non-payers cannot be excluded from consuming the good) Non-Rivalry in consumption (benefits to others are not diminished because others are consuming)
Education as a Public Good The public benefits from people getting higher education Often earn more money and pay more taxes Become active citizens in a democracy Innovation generates new products and services for all Benefits shared by participants and rest of society Therefore, the cost of public higher education to be borne by the state Subsidies/Subventions Grants Loans
Higher Education as a Private Good Benefits accrue solely to the individual and provides no public good Many taxpayers who do not attend or use public funds do not benefit Waste of public funds to support to support programmes that would contribute to graduate unemployment
Higher Education in Ghana: Public Good or Private Good? Who should provide higher education? Individuals? Families? Communities? Religious institutions? Government (i.e., the state)? Non-Government Organizations?
Christianity and European Formal Education in Ghana Formal education starts with the European Christian Missionaries Castle schools to train children of Europeans & mulattos Train and convert Africans
Early Missionary Schools Akropong Teacher Training College [Boys], Akropong (Basel Mission-Presbyterian), 1848 Mfantsipim [Boys], Cape Coast (Wesleyan Mission-- Methodist), 1876 Adisadel College [Boys], Cape Coast (Church of England- -Anglican), 1910 Wesley College [Boys], Kumasi (Wesleyan Mission- Methodist), 1924 Ola Training College [Girls], Cape Coast (Roman Catholic- Our Lady of Apostles), 1926 St. Augustines College [Boys], Cape Coast (Roman Catholic Mission), 1930 Odomase Krobo Secondary School [Mixed], Krobo (Basel Mission-Presbyterian), 1938
Achimota College: Departure from Missionary Education Established 1924 by the Colonial government and formally opened in 1927 An elite secondary school based on the British model of public education Publicly-funded by Government Interdenominational, with students and staff practicing their own denomination of Christianity.
Full Fledge Public Education Vision – to train boys and girls to be at ease in both traditional culture and western settings. Full kindergarten, primary, secondary, intermediate and teacher training Engineering and external degree courses from University of London An instrument for controlling and directing the future of the country through changing peoples behavior and ideas
Missionary Schools Contd Aggrey Memorial College [Mixed], Cape Coast, founded in 1940; named changed to Aggrey Memorial A.M.E. Zion Secondary School in 1947 (African Methodist Episcopal) Holy Child Secondary School [Girls], Cape Coast (Roman Catholic), 1946 Prempeh College [Boys], Kumasi (Methodist-Presbyterian), 1949 T.I. Ahamadiyya Secondary School [Mixed], Kumasi (Ahmadiyya Movement-Muslim), 1951 Opoku Ware School [Boys], Kumasi (Roman Catholic), 1952 Holy Child Training College [Girls], Tarkoradi (Roman Catholic), 1955 SDA Teacher Training College [Mixed], Bekwai (Adventists)
Birth of Public Universities in Ghana Achimota College gave birth to the first two public universities in Ghana University of Ghana (1948) Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology (1961)
Is Higher Education in Ghana a Public Good? James Cemmel examines the broad functions of Higher Education Research (development of new knowledge) Teaching (training of highly qualified personnel) Extension services (Working/providing services in the community) Ethical function (Social criticism)
University of Ghana, Legon Founded in 1948 as the University College of London to provide university education, learning, and research in the then British colony. The original emphasis was on the liberal arts, social sciences, basic science, agriculture, and medicine
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Established in 1961 to provide higher education in science and technology for the technological development of the country
University of Cape Coast Established in 1962 with a mandate to train highly qualified and skilled teachers and administrators, especially for the Ghana Education Service
University for Development Studies Established in 1992 as a multi-campus institution with a mission to blend the academic world with that of the community for the total development of northern Ghana
University of Education, Winneba Established in 1992 for teacher education for second-cycle institutions
Demand for Higher Education in Ghana UNESCO estimates that in Ghana, only 2.6% of all children who enter primary schools eventually make it to the tertiary level Today, the demand for higher education in the country is very high resulting is a rapid increase in enrollment Enrollments in Ghanas national universities have increased significantly in the last two decades following the publication of the University Rationalization Report in 1988 Still, Ghanaian public universities can only offer admissions to about 35% of qualified applicants
Expanding the Structure of Higher Education in Ghana The term Tertiary Education is adopted in 1992 in the 4 th Republic of Ghana The new Constitution established the National Council for Tertiary Education (NCTE) Higher Education expanded to include ALL post-secondary educational institutions: Universities University Colleges Polytechnics Professional Institutions NCTE becomes the advisory body on tertiary education to the Minister of Education A Minister of State for Tertiary Education was appointed in 2003
Ghanas Road to Privatization of Higher Education Under the Education Sector Reform of the countrys Economic Recovery Program of the late 1980s, private providers were given official permission to establish institutions of higher education The National Accreditation Board (NAB) was established in 1993 to accredit both public and private tertiary institutions for contents, standards, and management Religious organizations and individual have embarked on efforts to establish private colleges and universities Between 1995 and 2007, the NAB has accredited 25 private universities and colleges, 70% of which are religious-based With the exception of the Islamic University College, all of the private religious institutions of higher education are Christian- sponsored
Why Proliferation of Private Religious Higher Education in Ghana? To increase access to qualified individuals who do not gain admission to the traditional public universities To provide quality and practically-oriented education in the African cultural context To focus on Theology, Business-related, and ICT courses To train individuals to assume leadership roles in the various religious organizations To address indiscipline in the society Strengthen spiritual development to counteract the excesses of Western consumer culture
Representations of Private Religious Institutions in Ghana Protestants Valley View University (Seventh-Day Adventists) Methodist University College African Pentecostals Central University College (International Central Gospel Church) Roman Catholic Catholic University College Islamic Islamic University College (Ahlul-Bait Foundation of Islamic Republic of Iran)
Contemporary Views on Religion and Educational Attainment Religion and globalization combine to shape the social and cultural landscape of the country African Pentecostal Christian groups and charismatic movements have grown dramatically and taken serious interest in the establishment of colleges. In 1993, while non-Catholic and non-mainline Protestant Christians accounted for just 16.9% of the population, they accounted for 41% in 2003 Of particular interest is the Pentecostals emphasis on the gospel of prosperity –elimination of poverty by stressing the importance of socioeconomic success The development of skills and talents to find African solutions to the continents problems The Muslim communities have began to embrace the interaction of Islamic and Western secular education for socioeconomic development A variety of innovative efforts to address the issues of access and equity including summer remedial classes to prepare students to qualify for admission requirements, campuses in rural areas, flexible scheduling, and reduced tuition
Issues of Contention with Private Religious Higher Education The meaning of secular education in religious institutions The implications of deeply-held religious ideologies for open access and equity The limitations of religious institutions current focus: Theological Studies; ICT; Business Management Little attention to Science Courses and Faculty/Student Research Students funding options for private higher education The reinforcement of class privileges offered by fee-based private higher education for the children of the wealthy and elite The governments response to the demand of private religious and non-religious institution for public funding
Experiences With Higher Education: The Tale of Two Formerly Colonized Countries
Tertiary Education Strategies After Independence: Comparing Ghana & South Korea Ghana Slow growth of public tertiary education enrollment over the years In the late 1980s, the government formulated a reform program including: Measures to improve the financial sustainability of the system Increase quality and relevance Promote enrollment expansion Permission for private sector involvement in tertiary education South Korea The development of tertiary education has taken place in 4 distinct phases: Expansion of public institutions in the 1950s with cost-sharing equivalent to 30% of expenditures, Encouragement of private institutions with limited public funding in the 1960s (capital costs and scholarships) Expansion of engineering and technical education to meet manpower concerns in the 1970s and 1980s Focus on quality, R&D capacity, accountability, deregulation and performance-based funding in the 1990s.
Comparing Outcomes Ghana & South Korea Enrollment ratio for the eligible cohort has stagnated at under 2%. eligible age cohort The enrollment ratio for the eligible age cohort has skyrocketed from 5% to 80% between 1960 and 2000 Private institutions have emerged only recently and represent no more than 6% of total enrollment. Private tertiary institutions have proliferated enrolling 85% of the total student population in 2000 Public expenditure has been compressed drastically from $1,200 in 1990 to $850 in 2000 Public expenditure per student has gone up dramatically from $2,700 in 1990 to $4,500 in 2000 The enrollment of students in science and technology disciplines has remained relatively constant, at about 50% The enrollment of students in science and technology disciplines has remained relatively constant, at about 50% Linkages between tertiary education and industry have been relatively uncommon The government has actively promoted university-industry partnerships since the late 1980s
Knowledge Is a Key Factor in Explaining the Difference Between Poverty and Wealth
Can Ghana Learn From the Korean Experience? Language development Science and technology Research & development The role of foreign aid Family financial contributions to education The role of industry Ensuring access for the bright but needy
Ghanas New Educational Reforms, 2007 According to the government White Paper, the new reform was driven by the need to: …review the entire educational system in the country with a view of making it more responsive to current challenges… to examine the structure of education and to discuss issues affecting the development and delivery of education, the constrained access to different levels of the educational ladder, Information and Communication Technology and Distance Education…the crisis at the tertiary educational level, with insufficient places to meet the needs of a modernizing economy…difficulties in the development of the polytechnics within the scope of higher education, and the vexed problem of sustainable financing of the whole tertiary education sector.
Sustaining Higher Educational Attainment in Ghana Who are the beneficiaries of Higher Education today? Is Higher Education, then a Public Good? A Private Good, or a Mixture? How do we sustain funding for Higher Education? The contemporary struggle in Ghana today is about social, economic, and political power; and how that socio-economic- political power is distributed in the society across the geographic, ethnic, religious, and educational divide. | <urn:uuid:30a6e6a2-f8f4-4c01-9b91-70647837f7b7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://slideplayer.com/slide/780695/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00086-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920098 | 2,376 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Remote host terminal
When working with a remote project, you may want to open
SSH to the remote host and execute some commands in the project directory. For this, use the action. It opens the current project directory on the remote host if it exists:
This action works for both remote CMake and remote Makefiles projects. It takes remote host from the currently selected profile/toolchain, or, if a local one is selected, from the first remote profile/toolchain found in the project. | <urn:uuid:db37a16d-4da3-43f1-be7d-73f36c3fd6c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jetbrains.com/help/clion/2021.1/remote-host-terminal.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.900921 | 103 | 1.578125 | 2 |
The Five Freedoms for Poultry
The five freedoms are a set of recommendations for the welfare of laying hens and other poultry. They apply to all poultry in all environments.
1. Freedom from hunger and thirst; by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour.
2. Freedom from discomfort; by providing an appropriate environment, including shelter and a comfortable resting area.
3. Freedom from pain, injury or disease; by prevention and rapid diagnosis and treatment.
4. Freedom to express natural behaviour; by providing space, sufficient facilities and the company of the animal's own kind.
5. Freedom from fear and distress; by ensuring conditions and treatment to avoid mental suffering.
The Five Freedoms are basic ideals of welfare for farm animals, like livestock and poultry, wherever the animals may be, such as at farms, markets, slaughterhouses, or in transit, and should be applied by anyone in charge of the animals or handling them. The Freedoms make good common sense and are broad enough to apply to all farm animals anywhere in the world. | <urn:uuid:70f9a022-40f9-46a4-a507-8c1e66baf092> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ruleworks.co.uk/poultry/five-freedoms.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929373 | 222 | 3.078125 | 3 |
When planning, designing or decorating a space, a scale model can be extremely helpful. Graph paper, with its built-in grid system, is a tool that will help you create a scale model of a space. By making use of the room's true measurements and the paper's grid, you can create a scale model of each area of the room you are working on.
Measure the perimeter of the room you are decorating. Get the exact length and width, and be sure to include any jogs, bump-outs or closets.
Tape together a few sheets of graph paper; depending on the size of the room, you may need more or less paper to create the design.
Designate a "scale key" for the graph paper. This can vary from room to room and project to project, depending on the size. Smaller rooms can work with smaller numbers, while larger rooms need larger numbers. Assign one number to be the number of square inches per square of paper. For example, you may decide that the scale for a large room should be 10 inches per square, while a smaller room needs 5 inches per square. This key will help you keep the room and all its contents in proportion with one another.
Draw the perimeter of the room on the graph paper using your scale. If your room is 100 inches long and you have designated a scale of 5 inches per square, you will draw a room that is 20 squares long. Include any jogs or bump-outs to the best of your ability.
Measure each wall of the room. Take into account any windows, wall sconces and wall outlets. Map out each room on the graph paper using the same scale as the floor plan. Include the locations of the windows, sconces and outlets. If this is a kitchen or bathroom, include the locations of any fixtures, such as cabinets, sinks and toilets.
Measure your furnishings, or get the measurements of furnishings you intend to purchase. Sketch them to scale on a spare piece of graph paper and cut them out. Tape the edges of each model to help preserve them.
Place your scale furnishings on the scale models of the rooms. You can move them around, change their orientation and position them to help you get a better sense of how they will sit in the space.
Plan out details like floor and wall tile by drawing the patterns to scale on the floor and wall layouts of the graph paper. Locate the position of any lights on the ceilings of the room and note their position on the floor plan. If you know the location of the switches, you can draw a line from the light fixture to the switches to make a light plan for the room as well.
Things You Will Need
- Measuring tape
- Graph paper
- Graph paper can be easily colored if you need additional visual cues. You can also shrink photographs to fit your scale and cut out pictures of furnishings, rugs and tile patterns and tape them into place if you need additional visual help.
- Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:ee7673b3-0251-4efc-9031-8d73a635a67f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://homeguides.sfgate.com/design-own-room-graph-paper-60281.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00283-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928272 | 628 | 3.515625 | 4 |
What is the Law Regarding Employment in Pinellas Park?
Employment law refers to the body of laws in Pinellas Park that govern employees, employers, and independent contractors. Hiring procedures, wage disputes, and termination are some issues that are controlled by these laws. Employers and their employees alike should be knowledgeable of Pinellas Park employment laws.
"At-Will" vs. Contract Employment Terms
Most of the time employment is considered to be "at-will", although in some instances there may be an employment contract between the employer and employee for a set period of time. "At-will" employment implies that either the employer or employee may end the job at any time for any reason, so long as it is not illegal to do so In the instance that the employer and employee have an employment contract, regulations from both the state and federal government will apply to the city of Pinellas Park
Anti-Discrimination laws in Pinellas Park
Pinellas Park citizens must abide by laws which make discrimination illegal at all phases of employment, including hiring workers, wage disputes, and terminating procedures. Residents of Pinellas Park are regulated by laws which make it illegal to discriminate against members of specific categories. These categories include race, age, gender, national origin, disability, and religion.
Discrimination claims can usually be heard in front of an administrative agency such as the EEOC. Some attorneys specialize in the field of discrimination claims. | <urn:uuid:327fd98d-8f55-4e63-8038-66cd7980b269> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://employment-law.legalmatch.com/FL/Pinellas-Park/local-employment-law.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.956877 | 298 | 1.90625 | 2 |
DA-BFAR Caraga turned-over SAAD Projects in Agusan del Sur
Photo: PFO Bimbo C. Lagare
The Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resource - Caraga Region has turned-over Thursday, November 12, 2020, P215-thousand worth of SAAD livelihood projects to the municipality of Bunawan, Agusan del Sur.
Representing BFAR Caraga, Provincial Fishery Officer Bimbo C. Lagare led the ceremonial turn-over together with Municipal Agriculturist Rhodora D. Garcines and the Sanggunian Bayan council members of LGU Bunawan.
Among the projects distributed were 16 units fish crate (banyera) and four (4) units weighing scale for the eight (8) family members of the SAAD Aquaculture Operators of Bunawan who were also recipient of eight (8) sites tilapia culture in pond projects under the Special Areas for Agricultural Development (SAAD) Program.
Coined after the Visayan word “saad” which means promise, the SAAD Program is a locally-funded program of the DA that is intended to help alleviate poverty among the marginalized sectors on agriculture and fishery.
The Regional Bureau also turned over ten (10) units of 17-footer paddle boats for the ten (10) family members of San Marcos Fisherfolk Association under the FB Pagbabago program of DA-BFAR. | <urn:uuid:5f355aae-23f7-4e11-81ff-09aa0ddb9b71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://caraga.bfar.da.gov.ph/WebsiteNavigation?id=0603fdb0-60ac-45d4-9fd7-118946d6f80b&pageAction=contentFrame | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.903543 | 303 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Posted by feww on July 19, 2013
Detroit becomes largest U.S. city to file for bankruptcy
The city of Detroit, a metonym for the American automobile industry, has become the largest city in U.S. history to file for bankruptcy, with debts of up to $20bn.
Since January 2010, at least eight cities, towns and counties have filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy protection in a federal court. The list includes Boise County (Idaho), Stockton, Mammoth Lake and San Bernardino (California), Jefferson County (Alabama), Harrisburg (Pennsylvania), Central Falls (Rhode Island) and Detroit (Michigan).
“The fiscal realities confronting Detroit have been ignored for too long. I’m making this tough decision so the people of Detroit will have the basic services they deserve and so we can start to put Detroit on a solid financial footing that will allow it to grow and prosper in the future,” said Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder. “This is a difficult step, but the only viable option to address a problem that has been six decades in the making.”
“It is clear that the financial emergency in Detroit cannot be successfully addressed outside of such a filing, and it is the only reasonable alternative that is available,” Snyder said in the letter authorizing Detroit’s emergency manager to seek federal bankruptcy protection for the City. “In other words, the City’s financial emergency cannot be satisfactorily rectified in a reasonable period of time absent this filing.”
Detroit population has shrunk from over 2 million in the 1950s to about 713,000 in 2011. The city reported the highest violent crime rate among all major US cities, with more than 15,000 reported crimes in 2011.
The public services are in a state of near collapse. About 80,000 properties are abandoned or condemned, with only 53% of owners paying their 2011 property taxes.
After 60 years of decline, large parts of the City can only improve by being razed to the ground.
- San Bernardino. The city of San Bernardino became the third California city in two weeks to file bankruptcy protection in the face of a $45-million budget shortfall, reports said.
- Atwater. The small Central California city of Atwater (Pop: ~28,000) has declared A fiscal emergency, which could translate to the state’s fourth municipal bankruptcy this year, said a report.
- North Las Vegas, Nevada. The Nevada city of North Las Vegas, described as “ground zero for foreclosures” was officially declared as a disaster area on June 23.
- Court Rules Stockton, Calif., to Enter Bankruptcy April 2, 2013
- Dissolving Detroit! December 1, 2012 | <urn:uuid:314e705a-2106-478e-8ab0-feb778eba483> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://feww.wordpress.com/2013/07/19/motown-files-for-bankruptcy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00163-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945427 | 570 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Basavaraja, SV and Sreenivas, TV (2006) Low Complexity LID using Pruned Pattern Tables of LZW. In: 9th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing/INTERSPEECH 2006, 2006, 2006, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 413-416.
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We present two discriminative language modelling techniques for Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) based LID system. The previous approach to LID using LZW algorithm was to directly use the LZW pattern tables forlanguage modelling. But, since the patterns in a language pattern table are shared by other language pattern tables, confusability prevailed in the LID task. For overcoming this, we present two pruning techniques (i) Language Specific (LS-LZW)-in which patterns common to more than one pattern table are removed. (ii) Length-Frequency product based (LF-LZW)-in which patterns having their length-frequency product below a threshold are removed. These approaches reduce the classification score (Compression Ratio [LZW-CR] or the weighted discriminant score [LZW-WDS]) for non native languages and increases the LID performance considerably. Also the memory and computational requirements of these techniques are much less compared to basic LZW techniques.
|Item Type:||Conference Paper|
|Additional Information:||Copyright for this article belongs to ISCA-International Speech Communication Association.|
|Keywords:||Language modelling; PRLM; LS-LZW; LF-LZW|
|Department/Centre:||Division of Electrical Sciences > Electrical Communication Engineering|
|Date Deposited:||08 Jan 2010 06:30|
|Last Modified:||19 Sep 2010 05:49|
Actions (login required) | <urn:uuid:96feb98e-bf4e-401b-a124-35a3b2763ca2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/24235/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00183-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.784588 | 409 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Google Inc. is now disclosing more details on how it collects and uses data obtained from users, but it is remaining silent on several key questions that concern privacy advocates.
It also describes in greater detail what Google is doing to protect against abuses.
But it remains remains silent on how long information is kept. That's an area of growing concern as Google offers more and more services that potentially collect and store a wealth of personal data, making the company's servers a prime target for abuse by overzealous law enforcers and criminals alike.
The most material change is in format. The July 1, 2004, policy is replaced by a set of three statements: a full-length policy twice as long as the one it replaces, a "highlights" version and explanations in question-and-answer format.
The goals of the new statements, she said, was "to help you make informed choices about using our services."
The new policy, issued Friday, states that Google may use personal information to display customized content and advertising, develop new services and ensure that its network continues to function. The practices aren't new but weren't explicit before.
And while the old policy says Google restricts access of such information to employees on a need-to-know basis, the new policy stresses that those individuals may be fired or criminally prosecuted for violations.
Google also reorganized its disclosures, bringing to the top details on information collected for e-mail, personalized search and other newer services that require registration.
The fact that information may be shared among services is also moved to the section describing the types of information collected.
Reflecting the fact that Google has been acquiring and partnering with more companies, the policy now includes language on affiliated companies and sites, though it did not specify what types of affiliates fall under those clauses.
"The affiliated sites may have different privacy practices and we encourage you to read their privacy policies," Google warns.
Chris Hoofnagle, senior counsel with the Electronic Privacy Information Center, said the changes do nothing to diminish his worries that Google is amassing "quite a trove of transactional and personal data" through its various services, which include e-mail, driving directions, photo-sharing, instant messaging and Web journals.
Because storage is cheap, data from these services can be retained practically forever.
Google has said it had no set time limits on data retention, leaving such determinations to individual product teams who may find data still useful for tweaking search algorithms and other services. | <urn:uuid:23a3bba5-ad0c-4b36-81d0-2ebea7d8cc05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9732599 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.953338 | 614 | 1.78125 | 2 |
The screenshot attached is self - explanatory
No it is not. It doesn't explain anything to me.
How is the selection of MOM, QOQ or YOY related to the sorting of dates? You can sort a date numerically in ascending or descending order or if you want to be silly you can sort it as text A-Z or Z-A. I never heard of a MOM or QOQ sorting.
Okky, my bad. Let m explain. MOM refers to dates combined as Months, QOQ refers to Quarters and YOY refers to Years.
Year(DateKey) as Year,
Month(DateKey) as Month,
Day(DateKey) as Day,
ApplyMap('QuartersMap', month(DateKey), Null()) as Quarter
So if i have selected MOM then my dates are combined as Months( 12 in a year). Here i can choose a single month( say April) which is reflected in the bar chart with sales for April. I can also select YOY in the other filter pane(To) and then i would get all Years in another filter pane, here i can select 1 year to get aggregated sales data in bar chart for 1 year i.e for eg say 2015. This will help me do Month To Year comparison.( April 2015 to whole of 2015) | <urn:uuid:56e13e92-9ebc-4028-ad36-70761002a93d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://community.qlik.com/thread/241500 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00531-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920978 | 280 | 1.671875 | 2 |
A lion cub has been found by children on their way to school in the Russian village of Seyatel.
The lion was discovered wandering the streets, prompting the students to take the lost cub to school with them to keep it safe.
According to Orange, the animal had escaped from a car on the way to a zoo in Dagestan in the North Caucasus.
The lion's owner Irina Kulikovskaya told local media: "He's meant to be the real star of a new zoo I'm creating. I'm very grateful."
One of the pupils revealed their friends' shock when they brought the big cat into class.
The student said: "Nobody believed us when we said we had a lion when we got to school, but you should have seen their faces when we brought it into class."
The lion cub has now been removed from the school and placed in a local zoo. | <urn:uuid:bc31295d-d832-4e22-b183-4ef107a7b4e6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.digitalspy.com/fun/news/a442262/children-bring-in-lion-cub-to-school-show-and-tell/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00026-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985494 | 186 | 1.523438 | 2 |
x86 is not what it's sold as. x86 benchmarks very well but benchmarks can and are twisted to the advantage of the manufacturer. RISC still has an advantage as the RISC cores present in x86 CPUs are only a marketing myth. An instruction converter cannot remove the inherent complexity present in the x86 instruction set and consequently x86 is large and inefficient and is going to remain so. x86 is still outgunned at the high end and perhaps surprisingly also at the low end - you can't make an x86 fast and run cool. There is a lot of marketing goes into x86 and the market -technical people included- just lap it up.
x86 has the desktop market and there are many large companies who depend on it. Indeed it has been speculated that inefficient or not, the market momentum of x86 is such that even Intel, it's creator may not be able to drag us away from it . The volume of x86 production makes them very low cost and the amount of software available goes without saying. Microsoft and Intel's domination of the PC world has meant no RISC CPU has ever had success in this market aside from the PowerPCs in Apple systems and their market share is hardly huge.
In the high end markets, RISC CPUs from HP, SGI, IBM and Sun still dominate. x86 has never been able to reach these performance levels even though they are sometimes a process generation or two ahead. RISC vendors will always be able to make a faster, smaller CPUs. Intel however can make many more CPUs for less.
x86 CPUs have been getting faster and faster for the last few years, threatening even the server vendors. HP and SGI may have given up but IBM has POWER5 and POWER6 on the way and Sun is set to launch CPUs which handle up to 32 threads. Looks like the server vendors are fighting back.
Things are changing, Linux and other Operating Systems are becoming increasingly popular and these are not locked into x86 or any other platform. x86 is running into problems and PowerPC looks like it is going to increasingly become a real, valid alternative to x86 CPUs both matching and exceeding the performance without the increasingly important power consumption or heat issues.
Both Amdahl's Law (of diminishing returns) and Moore's Law date from around the same time but notably we hear a great deal more about Moore's law. Moore's Law describes how things are getting better, Amdahl's Law says why it's not. There is a difference however: Moore's Law was an observation, Amdahl's Law is a Law.
John Cocke, inventor of RISC (obituary)
SPEC benchmark results
Amdahl's Law Simplified - Richard Wiggins
Speed differences in different languages
Coding competition shows humans are better than compilers
Combined CPU Benchmarks
C3 V's Celeron benchmarks
Speculation on the PowerPC G5
Details of the 64bit bridge can be found in the Software Reference Manual.
Apples G5 benchmarks
ICCs optimisations can greatly effect performance
But does not appear to continue into real life code
* Article on G5 benchmarks
*I do not know if this is an exact quote.
Escape from planet x86 - Paul DeMone
Article covering the differences between RISC and CISC
Article on PowerPC 970
About the Author:
Nicholas Blachford has been interested in CPUs for many years and has written on the subject for OSNews before. He works for Genesi who produce the Pegasos G3 / G4 PowerPC based motherboard and the MorphOS Operating System.
- "History, Architectural differences, RISC Vs CISC, Current state of these CPUs"
- "Law of Diminishing , Performance, Vector Processing and Power Consumption differences"
- "Low Power x86s, Why The Difference?, To RISC Or Not To RISC, PPC and x86 get more Bits"
- "Benchmarks, the Future"
- "Conclusion, References" | <urn:uuid:139df534-23b0-4d77-a86b-9dab150554d6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.osnews.com/story/3997/Analysis_x86_Vs_PPC/page5/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00331-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.909139 | 833 | 2.265625 | 2 |
"Helping to bring hope and change
to the lives of children and teens across
our local community and around the world."
FOSTER CARE & ADOPTION
Family changes everything
Children are one of the most vulnerable populations here in the US and around the world. Pure religion defined by the Bible includes caring for orphans. While many are not technically orphans, they are in desperate need of good homes and communities. Cross Assembly Community Outreach encourages and supports 4 ways to reach out to these children: Foster Parenting/Adoption, Royal Family Kids Camp (RFKC), and TeenWorks. | <urn:uuid:312fc286-d16e-4f25-afa7-51160793b4c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crossassembly.org/fca | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.911125 | 122 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Table of Contents
Kinds of retirement accounts
As a grad student, you pay around 15 cents on the dollar in federal income taxes (after deductions and exemptions). If you invest some of your salary, you'll have to pay another 15 cents in taxes on every additional dollar you make. So, if you put in your $500 a month to an ordinary mutual fund and it grows to $1.1 million, you won't actually quite be a millionaire because you will have had to give Uncle Sam his share of the nearly $900,000 in gains. That's a lot of taxes.
That's where “tax-advantaged” retirement accounts come in. A “tax-advantaged” account is a label you slap on a particular investment you make – stocks, bonds, gold, a savings account, whatever – which gives you special tax treatment as long as you leave the money invested until retirement. As a graduate student you have three of these kinds of accounts available to you. For now, you'll want the Roth IRA, but here's how they all work.
A Roth IRA is fundamentally simple: when you retire and take your money out of a Roth IRA account, it's tax free. You get to keep your million. Beautiful. You can think of this as the government effectively kicking in the tax towards your retirement. This is what you should do. Take however much you can spare on a monthly basis and contribute it automatically from your checking account into a mutual fund. Some mutual fund companies, like T. Rowe Price, will let you start with only $50/month. You can contribute up to a combined $5000/yr to all IRAs. For detailed information on the mechanics of Roth IRAs, there's a great website here.
A traditional IRA allows you to deduct any money you invest from your taxable income on your tax forms in the year you invest it (even if you don't itemize your deductions), but you still pay taxes when you take it out. In effect, the government kicks in the tax like for a Roth, but it does it now, instead of when you take it out. This is called a “tax-deferred” account. The bottom line is that for young folks like us, the Roth is always better, for reasons I get into below. You can contribute up to a combined $5000/yr to all IRAs.
Unless you're on a big fat fellowship or not a California resident, you're probably already contributing to a third kind of “tax-advantaged” account: a 401(a) which Cal calls “DCP”. This plan is a lot like a traditional IRA, except it's mandatory and the money comes right out of your paycheck (before it's taxed). Every summer you earn wages you are forced to contribute to this “Defined Contribution Plan”. If you don't take action, these contributions will accumulate 1٪ APY in a “short-term” account at Fidelity, who will send you a quarterly report in the mail on how “well” it's doing. To make the most of it, go to the website and move your DCP money to mutual funds (the Spartan 500 index fund is a good option they offer) so you earn some substantial returns, instead of only 1٪.
And that's it. As a grad student you can save up to $5000/yr in a “tax-advantaged” way, plus whatever you are forced to contribute to DCP. If you manage to save more than that, you'll have to do it in a regular, taxable account. Cal offers some employees retirement plans, including voluntary, after-tax contributions to DCP for postdocs. Students only qualify for these plans if they work at least 50٪ for a whole year, which we usually don't. When you graduate, your new employer (even if it's UC) may offer other kinds of plans (see below).
After Grad School: Saving your DCP money
So you've graduated and you'd like to keep the 3٪ of your summer salaries that the University has diligently socked away for you at Fidelity. What do you do? It turns out that you can simply call Fidelity and ask them to change the account over to a “rollover” IRA (which is just an IRA started with cash from a different kind of retirement account). Thirty days after you formally terminate your employment with Berkeley, inform your favorite financial services company (such as Vanguard, T. Rowe Price, Fidelity, or whoever is handling your IRAs) that you'd like to roll over your existing 401(a) plan into an IRA. They'll gladly walk you through the steps. Ideally, you'll perform what's called a “direct rollover” where Fidelity sends the money directly to your new IRA (actually, Fidelity sends you a check made out to the other institution and you pass it along. If the check is made out to you, it's an indirect rollover – see below). Effectively, the money simply changes names from a 401(a) plan to a rollover IRA.
As of Jan. 1, 2008, you have two options on how to do this: you can roll your money into a Roth IRA or a traditional IRA. If you roll into a Roth, you'll have to pay regular income tax on the pre-tax portion of the conversion (since you haven't paid any taxes on this DCP money yet) but it's worth it to get a Roth (see the reasons a Roth is better below). If you roll the money into a traditional IRA, you can then convert it to a Roth later. An important note here if you are married or leaving Berkeley for a high paying job: if your MAGI (roughly your total income minus pre-tax retirement contributions) on your income tax form for the year you roll over your money is more than $100,000, you cannot roll or convert the money into a Roth. In that case, you must roll the money into a traditional IRA and wait until 2010, when this income limit will disappear.
If you don't have another IRA to merge with your rollover IRA from DCP funds, you won't be able to put this rollover IRA money into an mutual fund unless you've saved over $1000 (you usually need $3000, but there are a few plans (such as Vanguard's STAR fund) which will let you start with only $1000.) In that case the money will have to sit in a low-yield account, such as a money market account, until you can supplement it with money from your pocket to get up to the minimum. Until then, it will still be tax-advantaged, but it won't grow very fast.
If you don't act to save your DCP money, Fidelity will mail it to you when you leave grad school (or after a sufficiently long period of account inactivity). By law, Fidelity will withhold a 20٪ tax penalty for early withdrawal of your retirement savings. If this happens, you still have a chance to save the money and avoid the penalty through an “indirect rollover”. To do this you must, within 60 days of the date on the check, open up a rollover IRA and put in the value of the check plus the 20٪ withholding penalty that was taken out. As long as you put the money back into a retirement account within 60 days, you won't be responsible for the 20٪ penalty (or, rather, you'll get it back when you do taxes because you'll add it to your “taxes paid” (listed on your 1099-R form) when calculating what you owe.)
The details of Roth IRA rules are kind of complicated. Here is an excellent website with clear and detailed explanations of the rules.
After Grad School: Other kinds of accounts
Many employers offer their own retirement plans, like 401(k)'s (if you're in the private sector) or 403(b)'s (if you're at a not-for-profit; these are also called “tax-deferred annuities”). These are a lot like traditional IRAs except funds come directly out of your paycheck. There are new Roth versions of 403(b)'s and 401(k)'s out there, too, which are pretty much what they sound like.
Sometimes an employer will kick in “matching funds” to a 401(k), up to a certain amount. If you ever get this opportunity, take it! It's free money. Invest $1, get another $1 from your employer and the taxes from Uncle Sam. Another way of thinking of this is that it's part of your rightful, hard-earned compensation. If your employer offers matching funds up to $2,000/yr and you don't take it, then you're leaving $2,000/yr on the table because you're not saving for retirement – shame on you twice!
If you have money saved that is in a regular, non-tax-advantaged way (savings, stocks, whatever) and you'd like to put it into an employer-sponsored tax-advantaged account like a 401(k), here's how to do it (grad students can't do this but postdocs can). Let's say you have $10,000 to convert, and your paycheck, after all automatic deductions, is $3500. For 3 months, elect to contribute an extra $3333 of your monthly income to your company's retirement plan. During those 3 months, “pay yourself” $3333 out of your $10,000 stash each month. After 3 months, your savings will have effectively been converted into your retirement plan. When you leave your job, you can then roll over your retirement plan into a rollover Roth IRA, as described above.
Beware of anyone trying to push a particular investment on you or your family (if you have elderly parents, they may be especially targeted by unscrupulous brokers). One kind of retirement account to be careful of is the annuity. If you hear this term, get suspicious. To be sure, many annuities, like a 403(b) offered by your employer, are fine, and if you're close to retirement and looking for guaranteed income that you won't outlive certain other kinds can be appropriate investment vehicles. Annuities get a bad rap because some are essentially commission-generating schemes whereby you are sold a complicated and inappropriate financial product (sometimes that you could have purchased yourself) and charged high fees for it. So don't let anyone pressure you or anyone you care about into buying an annuity or any other financial product – if you're unsure about any aspect of an investment run it by an independent financial adviser first.
An important note for those on fellowship or scholarship: the maximum allowable annual contribution to an IRA is the lesser of $5000 and your “compensation income” for that year, where “compensation income” is basically defined as the amount that appears on your W-2 when you file taxes. This means that if your only income is from fellowships, you can't contribute to an IRA, since that money isn't reported on your W-2. If your only “compensation income” is from summer research money, then you can contribute up to the amount you made that summer (or $5000, whichever is less). This page has more detailed information, though it doesn't mention fellowships explcitly.
Promised technical aside: Why a Roth is better
There are 3 main reasons to go with a Roth instead of a traditional IRA.
- Firstly, the maximum annual contribution allowed for all your IRAs combined is $5000. Since that's pre-tax dollars for the traditional and after-tax dollars for the Roth, the maximum is effectively 15٪ higher for the Roth. So the Roth is effectively up to 15٪ bigger, which really only matters if you're maximizing your contributions (but in that case it matters a LOT!).
- Secondly, you probably will be in a higher tax bracket when you retire than you are now, so the tax benefit will be greater then. This benefit is less important (and possibly negated) for people in a high tax bracket now.
- Finally, distributions from Roths are easier. For instance, unlike a traditional IRA, a Roth allows you to withdraw your principal (and for some expenses, like college, the gains) before you turn 59½ without penalty. Further, when you're 70½ you MUST make withdrawals from a traditional, whereas the Roth has no such requirement. | <urn:uuid:c1769073-98f7-4a58-bf5d-9f7ffeefab98> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://badgrads.berkeley.edu/doku.php?id=financial_advice:retirement | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00190-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958756 | 2,624 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Mortgage rates inch up in December
Anyone out to buy or refinance a home this month will find that current mortgage rates are slightly higher than they were at this time last December.
It's been well over a year since the Federal Reserve ended a campaign to drive down long-term interest rates, a move that was widely expected to push mortgage rates higher. But we've seen near-record-low rates for most of the year until now.
Indeed, rates are in the process of inching upward.
The average interest rate on a conventional 30-year fixed-rate home loan is 4.15%, about a tenth of a percentage point higher than it was at this time last year and nearly a half of a percentage point more than it was at this time just one month ago.
Still, mortgage rates are historically low.
And remember, that's the average cost of financing a home. Savvy borrowers with decent credit can almost always pay a quarter to half of a point less.
Spend a few minutes searching our extensive database for the best current mortgage rates from dozens of lenders in your area. You'll see what we mean.
National Average Mortgage Rates
|Type of loan||Current average||Record-low average||Established|
|30-year fixed rate||4.15%||3.50%||Dec. 5, 2012|
|15-year fixed rate||3.40%||2.75%||May 1, 2013|
|30-year fixed jumbo||4.14%||3.54%||Sept. 7, 2016|
|5/1 ARM||3.45%||2.63%||May 1, 2013|
RATE SEARCH: Compare the best mortgage rates.
Jumbo mortgages are cheap
One oddity that's carried over into this year is that the average cost of 30-year fixed-rate jumbo loans is remaining nearly as low, or even lower in some cases, than 30-year fixed-rate conventional mortgages.
Jumbo loans are mortgages that are too large to be purchased by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the two government-owned companies that buy or guarantee most of the mortgages issued by banks and other lenders.
The largest loans they can buy depend on where the home is located but range from $417,000 in most places to $625,000 in the nation's most expensive cities.
Jumbo mortgages are most needed by affluent buyers whose savings and earnings have rebounded from the recession more quickly and fully than those of middle-income families.
The nation's largest banks, including JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America and Wells Fargo, are vying for that business not only by lowering rates but by reducing the minimum credit score and down payment required for million-dollar loans.
Last year, for example, JPMorgan announced it was lowering its minimum acceptable FICO score from 740 to 680 and accepting down payments of as little as 15% on homes up to $3 million.
The sale of such pricey property helped to push median home values, and the average amount Americans are borrowing to finance those purchases, to all-time highs, eclipsing previous records set at the peak of the housing bubble in 2006 and 2007.
Despite that, a report from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found that nearly half of Americans seriously consider only one lender or broker before applying for a mortgage. And about 75% fill out an application with only one lender.
We need to be doing more comparison shopping than that, especially when interest rates begin to rise.
RATE SEARCH: Compare mortgage rates from lenders.
Where mortgages rates are headed
The Federal Reserve is expected to start pushing rates higher this month, causing mortgage costs to steadily increase.
But while rates may be on the rise, home loans are becoming easier to get, even for buyers not in the jumbo market.
Homebuyers who qualified for conventional loans had an average FICO credit score of 763 in 2012, according to Ellie Mae.
By 2015, that had fallen to 754, and that's about where it remained for all of last year.
The average FICO score for homeowners who refinanced through a conventional loan fell from 748 at the end of 2012 to 727 at the end of 2015.
In October 2016, that moved to 745 for a conventional refinance, 753 for a purchase.
FHA loans clearly helped borrowers with too much debt and lower credit scores.
The average FICO score for those homebuyers fell from 718 at the end of 2012 to 651 at the end of 2015. In October 2016, it was at 686 for an FHA purchase and 653 for a refinance.
Those are exactly the kinds of trends that help borrowers land the loans they need.
And with current mortgage rates still historically low, it's a great time to be in the market to purchase or refinance a home.
RATE SEARCH: Shop the best mortgage rates. | <urn:uuid:123a7af1-92bc-49a7-9236-450238e4c2b5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.interest.com/mortgage/news/mortgage-rates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00176-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964442 | 1,025 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Boland College Application Form
Boland College History
In 1998, the Western Cape Education Department (WCED) transformed the 15 existing colleges at the time into six mega Further Education and Training (FET) Colleges as part of its transformation policy for technical colleges in the Western Cape. Further Education and Training colleges have since been renamed as Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges, under the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET). Three of these colleges are based in the Cape Metropole and three are rural.
Applying at Boland College
This section provides a step-by-step guide of how to apply at Boland College.
Academic Application Form (Afrikaans)
Academic Application Form (English)
Residence Application Form | <urn:uuid:fd8e6ff5-f8da-4520-b3ea-486a487b94d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://onlineapplications.co.za/boland-college-application-form/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.908363 | 167 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Social health insurance, it means to require the workforce to contribute a certain percentage of their income to fund healthcare for the whole population.
Does “Social Health Insurance”, can fulfil the following criteria?
Financial stability and sustainability: Is the supplementary financing option able to ensure stable financing for the sustainable development of the healthcare system?
Accessibility of healthcare: Do you want your contribution to provide you with better access to healthcare?
Pooling and sharing of risk: Do you want your financial risk arising from illnesses to be pooled or shared out with others?
Wealth re-distribution: How far do you think supplementary financing should further require those with higher income to pay more for healthcare subsidising those with lower income?
Choice of services: Is the supplementary financing option able to bring about more choice of personalized healthcare services tailored to your own preferences?
Market competition and efficiency: Is the supplementary financing able to bring about a market system that drives competition among healthcare providers and enhance price transparency, quality, efficiency and cost‐effectiveness of healthcare services?
Utilisation and cost control: Does the supplementary financing arrangement induce the excessive use and lead to ever more costly healthcare for the community as a whole?
Overhead cost: How expensive is the supplementary financing option’s overhead costs? | <urn:uuid:b455b611-39fa-44cc-a3c3-31f0ce61da36> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mymasterpapers.com/financial-stability-and-sustainability/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.939725 | 262 | 1.96875 | 2 |
This Thursday on Sounding Board (November 8, 2012 at 10am), we’re talking about living with diabetes in Western Alaska.
1 in 20 Alaskans are currently living with diabetes. It’s the seventh leading cause of death in the state, and annual costs for treating the disease exceed over $350 million dollars a year.
- What effect has this disease had on your life or the lives of your loved ones?
- What advice would you offer to those currently struggling with the disease?
- How does diabetes affect those diagnosed – on a social, economic, or emotional level?
- What resources are available to those currently living with the disease? What resources would you like to see offered? | <urn:uuid:8bd14768-84aa-4af5-8137-04bce47905c1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.knom.org/wp/blog/2012/11/05/sounding-board-living-with-diabetes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00006-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966479 | 147 | 1.765625 | 2 |
This article is intended to give the advanced home brewer a better understanding of attenuation, how it is affected by the brewing process and how controlling it can be used to improve the brewing process.
- 1 Calculating Attenuation
- 2 Brewing Process and Wort Composition
- 3 Apparent vs. Real Extract
- 4 Apparent vs. Real Attenuation
- 5 Limit of Attenuation
- 6 Yeast Strain Differences in Attenuation
- 7 Attenuation Numbers Listed for Yeast Strains
- 8 Affecting Attenuation
- 9 Appendix
Attenuation refers to the percentage of original extract that has been fermented:
Attenuation = 100 % * (starting extract - current extract) / (starting extract)
This formula works with extract given in weight percentages or degree Plato. Extract refers to all the non water substances (sugars, dextrins, proteins, vitamins, minerals, etc.) that are present in the wort. The percent extract or Plato scale is a measure in percent of how much of the wort’s weight is comprised of extract. Since, at least in the wort and beer gravities that most brewers work with, an almost linear relationship between (specific gravity - 1) and extract percentages exists, the above formula can also be expressed as:
Attenuation = 100 % * (starting gravity - current gravity) / (starting gravity - 1)
for brewers who prefer to work with specific gravity.
Brewing Process and Wort Composition
To understand the different forms of attenuation we need to take a look at the extract composition first. During mashing, the majority of the grist is converted into water soluble compounds. This is shown in Figure 1.
The conditions during the mashing process as well as the used malts and adjuncts will determine the exact ratio between the various compounds (sugars, detxtrines, proteins and others). Once the conversion is complete, the sweet wort is separated from the spent grain in the lauter. Due to inefficiencies during this process not all of the dissolved extract ends up in the boil kettle. The percentage of the total dissolved extract and the extract that actually ends up in the boil kettle is called lauter efficiency and is part of the brewhouse efficiency (See Understanding Efficiency).
During the boil only minor changes happen to the wort composition. The denaturization of the enzymes finally fixes the ratio between fermentable and unfermentable extract. The coagulation of proteins changes the amount and composition of proteins in the wort. Hops will add additional compounds. But these are of little interest for the discussion of attenuation.
During fermentation the fermentable sugars are converted into almost equal parts of CO2 and ethanol as well as much smaller amounts of other compounds (esters, higher alcohols). The yeast will absorb most of the simple proteins and nutrients. But not all of the fermentable sugars may have been fermented at the time the beer finished and consumed. The amount of fermentable sugars left in the beer has an effect on the beer character and different styles of beer oftentimes have different amounts of fermentable sugars left in them.
Apparent vs. Real Extract
Hydometers are calibrated for measuring the extract (sugar, dextrins, proteins and other) content of a water solution through changes in the liquids density in relation to pure water. This calibration is true for wort which only contains water and extract. But when used to measure the extract of beer, which contains ethanol in addition to water, the reading will be skewed by the lower specific gravity of the ethanol. As a result the hydrometer shows a lower density or specific gravity than what would be true if the aclcohol would be replaced with water. This measured extract value is called apparent extract (as opposed to the real extract that is measured when there is no alcohol present) and is commonly used when referring to the extract (or specific gravity) of beer. Like the real extract it can be expressed as weight percent, degree Plato or specific gravity. To determine the real extract one can boil-off the alcohol and replace it with distilled water before using a hydrometer. Or, if the original extract is known, the following formula can be used to calculate the real extract from the apparent extract [Realbeer]:
real extract = 0.1808 * original extract + 0.8192 * apparent extract
Apparent vs. Real Attenuation
When the apparent extract of the beer is used to calculate its attenuation the result is called apparent attenuation. The use of the real extract will give the real attenuation. When brewers speak of just attenuation they most likely mean apparent attenuation since it can easily be calculated from hydrometer readings. As shown in the Appendix the following relationship exists between real and apparent attenuation:
Real Attenuation = 0.82 * Apparent Attenuation
The real attenuation is only needed when there is an interest in the actual percentage of extract that was fermented or can be fermented. The later is important for sugar calculations for various priming (carbonation) sugars. It’s application is demonstrated in Accurately Calculating Sugar Additions for Carbonation
Limit of Attenuation
The limit of attenuation is the sum of all the sugars, that the yeast is able to ferment, expressed as a percentage of the total extract content. In other words: it is the attenuation of the beer if no fermentable sugars would be left. There are slight differences in the types of sugars that can be fermented by ale yeast (S. cerevisiae) and lager yeast (S. pastoranious). In addition to the sugars that can be fermented by ale yeast lager yeast also fully ferments raffinose (ale yeast only ferments this sugar partially) and melibiose [BABC]. Raffiose is absent in brewing wort and melibiose is only present in very small amounts [Aexander 2007]. Conflicting information exists on whether the amount that is present is significant. Given that the differences between the sugars that can be fermented by ale and lager yeast that actually present in the wort are small, the limit of attenuation should have little dependency on the type of yeast that is used.
This fact is taken advantage of in a Fast Ferment Test. This test uses a sample of wort and pitches it with a large amount of yeast. To ensure complete fermentation, in addition to the high pitching rate the sample is kept warm and the yeast is regularly roused (shaking or stirring). Once the fermentation is complete the apparent extract is measured and the limit of attenuation for that wort can be calculated. This is a measure of the fermentability that was achieved through the brew house processes (mainly mashing and sugar additions in the kettle) and it serves as an upper limit to the attenuation that can be achieved with brewers yeast. It provides the attenuation potential for the fermentation process.
Yeast Strain Differences in Attenuation
If there are no limit-of-attenuation differences between the different yeast strains, why are more and less attenuative yeast strains available?
Though yeast strains are able to ferment all the sugars in the beer, they usually don't get to. In contrast to a fast ferment test, beer is generally fermented at lower temperatures, with smaller pitching rates and without constant rousing. Because of that the yeast may not get a chance to ferment all fermentable sugars in the wort. Flocculation will cause it to slow down its metabolism and drop to the bottom or collect on the surface where it doesn't have as much contact with the wort sugars anymore. Because of nutrient depletion and or high alcohol levels cells may also die before they get a chance to ferment every last bit of sugar in the wort. The result is left over fermentable sugars that play an important role in the character of the finished beer. The closer a beer's attenuation is to its limit the drier and less sweet it will taste. When looking at the attenuation ranges given for commercial yeast you will notice that the less flocculating a given yeast is, the more attenuative it will be. This makes sense since poorly flocculating yeasts will remain in contact with the wort and act as active fermenters for a longer time. The beech wood aging process used by Anheuser-Bush to brew Budweiser does exactly that without relying on poor flocculation alone; it maximizes the contact area between beer and yeast.
[Narziss, 2005] lists ranges for the differences between finished beer attenuation and limit of attenuation for some German beer types:
- Helles : 2 - 4%
- Export : 0.5 - 2 %
- Pilsner : 0.5 - 4 %
- Bock, Dunkel : up to 6 %
Example: A Helles with a target attenuation difference of 3% should be brewed. The wort has an original extract of 12.0 *P and a fast ferment test final extract of 2.0 *P. The resulting limit of attenuation is 100% * (12-2.0)/12 = 83%. The target attenuation of the finished beer is 83% - 3% = 80%. This attenuation is reached when the beer has an apparent extract of 12 - 12 * 80%/100% = 2.4 *P. But hitting this number exactly is difficult. One way would be to regularly measure the extract of the lagering beer and pull it off the yeast into a serving keg when the desired final extract is reached.
Even if a brewer doesn't go to this extend of control over the beer, performing a fast ferment test and comparing the limit of attenuation to the current attenuation can be helpful in understanding the taste character of a beer. It shows if an unexpected high finishing gravity is due to problems during fermentation (low attenuation but high limit of attenuation) or due to problems during the mashing process (the limit of attenuation is also low and there is little difference to the actual beer attenuation).
Attenuation Numbers Listed for Yeast Strains
As mentioned above, choice of yeast strain also affects the actual attenuation of the beer. As a guideline yeast vendors like Wyeast and White Labs list attenuations ranges with their yeasts. But since the yeast strain is only one factor in attenuation (other important factors are mashing and yeast health) these attenuation values are only useful to compare yeasts with each other and cannot be used to predict the final extract (or final gravity) of the beer. This can only be done with a forced ferment test.
I was also told by Wyeast that there is no standard wort for measuring attenuation and that the attenuation levels given are more based on previous performances of that yeast.
In addition to that, one of the yeast banks for commercial brewers (Hefebank Weihenstephan in Germany: Yeast strain characteristics) doesn’t even list attenuation estimates for their yeast. The only indication they are giving is what difference between limit of attenuation and actual beer attenuation can be expected if the fermentation is done properly.
When designing a recipe, or using an existing recipe, the brewer generally has a targeted attenuation (original and final extract/gravity) in mind. Unfortunately there is no formula that can be used to calculate this attenuation upfront, though some recipe design software attempts this. Such software generally uses the attenuation given for the selected yeast which may not be the attenuation that you will actually be getting.
As shown above, there are 2 parameters regarding attenuation that the brewer can affect. The first one is the limit of attenuation and the second one is the difference between the final attenuation and the limit of attenuation. The limit of attenuation is set by the wort production and the difference between the final attenuation and the limit of attenuation is set by fermentation. Since the composition of fermentable sugars (mainly the ratio between glucose, maltose and maltotriose) also affects the fermentation performance, mashing also has a small impact on the attenuation difference.
- all grain brewers:
- saccharification rest temperature: This is the first factor that comes to mind for all grain brewers. For a single step saccharification rest, the mash temperature has a great affect on the fermentability of the resulting wort. The lower the temperature (within a given range of course) the longer the beta-amylase and limit dextrinase will be able to work and produce fermentable sugars. See Starch Conversion. In the Limit of attenuation experiment it was found that, at a saccharification rest temperature above the temperature for maximum fermentability, an increase of the rest temperature by 1 C leads to a limit of attenuation drop of 4%.
- mash schedule: the choice of mash schedule also affects the fermentability. Some beta amylase and limit dextrinase activity is already present during a protein rest and the time it takes to heat to the saccharification rest. In German brewing a 2 stage conversion rest (first stage around 63 C (145F) and the 2nd stage around 70C (160F)) is generally used. In this case the attenuation can also be controlled by the length of the 63C rest which is also called maltose rest. The longer that rest is held the more fermentable sugars can be produced by beta-amylase and limit dextrinase. Another mash schedule factor is the length of the mashing time and the time the wort spends below 175 *F (80 *C). Below that temperature the alpha amylase is still active and can produce fermentable sugars, though not as effective and quickly as the beta amylase which is quickly denatured at temperatures above 156 *F (70 *C). See Starch Conversion.
- water to grist ratio: the enzymatic activity of the amylases is affected by the thickness of the mash. However, during the Limit of attenuation experiment it was observed that mash thickness has no significant impact on the fermentability. This is likely the result of a balance of two factors: thin mashes cause enzymes to be denatured faster but they also cause enzymes to work more efficiently, thus being able to produce the same amount of fermentable sugars even though they aren’t active as long.
- grain bill composition (base malt): mashes rich in enzymes, i.e. high diastatic power, (Pilsner malt, Pale malt) will produce more fermentable worts since they contain a lager amount of beta-amylase and limit dextrinase which can produce more maltose than mashes with lower diastatic power (Munich malt or large amounts of unmalted grains) assuming the same saccharification rest temperature.
- grain bill composition (specialty malts): crystal and roasted malts add mostly unfermentable sugars to the wort which lowers its overall fermentability.
- mash pH: the beta and alpha amylase enzymes have different optimal pH ranges (beta amylase : 5.0 - 5.5 pH; alpha amylase : 5.3 - 5.8 [Palmer 2006]) and therefore the mash pH can affect the activity balance between these enzymes. See Starch Conversion. In Limit of attenuation experiment it was found that an attenuation optimum exists between pH 5.3 and 5.7 (measured at room temp). For this and other reasons this pH range should be the mash pH target.
- extract brewers:
- type of extract: different extracts have different levels of fermentability: Get to know the extract that you are using
- specialty malts: specialty malts like crystal and roasted malts add mostly unfermentable sugars thus lowering the fermentability.
- blending extracts: If a lot of control over the fermentability of the extract is desired, the brewer can blend highly fermentable and less fermentable extracts to achieve a desired limit of attenuation. Though this is more predictable than achieving the desired fermentability through mashing most extract brewers rather start all grain brewing before blending extracts
- adding unfermentable sugars: malto dextrin and lactose (milk sugar) are examples of unfermentable sugars that can be added to the wort to make it less fermentable.
- partial mash: this is basically a mix between all grain and extract brewing. The more of the final extract is produced by mashing the more the factors shown for all grain will matter for the fermentability of the wort.
- lager vs. ale: lager yeasts are able to completely ferment raffionse and melibiose which ale yeast cannot or only ferment partially. This effect is assumed to be very minimal due to the absence of raffinose and very small amounts of melibiose in brewer’s wort. But ale yeasts are slower in their uptake of maltotriose. This results in higher levels of maltotriose left behind by ale yeast.
- yeast strain: less flocculant yeasts will remain in suspension longer which gives them the ability to ferment more of the available sugars. Rousing a flocculant yeast can improve the attenuation if that is desired.
- yeast health: healthy yeasts are able to withstand the increasingly toxic environment (ethanol is toxic for yeasts and they rely on healthy cell walls to keep it out of their cells) better than weak ones. This is especially important for high gravity beers where a large amount of healthy yeast is needed to ferment the beer before the high alcohol level starts to affect too many of the yeast cells.
- pitching rate: The more yeast is pitched the quicker it can ferment more fermentable sugars in wort. But more is not always better. Overpitching, which can happen when harvested yeast is used, can lead to negative impacts on the flavor of the beer as the reduced yeast growth will change the flavor compounds produced by the yeast. A common rule of thumb for ales is 0.75 million cells per milliliter of wort per degree Plato for ales and 1.5 million cells per milliliter of wort per degree Plato for lagers [Zainasheff].
- fermentation temperature: Higher temperatures accelerate the yeast's metabolism and the yeast will be able to consume the sugars faster and generally more complete. But the production of unwanted flavor compounds at higher temperatures limits the fermentation temperature. With good yeast health and sufficient pitching rate the fermentation temperature can be kept fairly low while still ensuring sufficient attenuation. A temperature rise towards the end of fermentation can be beneficial to attenuation while avoiding the off-flavors that higher fermentation temperature early in the fermentation can create.
- agitation: If the yeast is roused regularly, more of the yeast cells will be in contact with unfermented sugars and the yeast will be able to ferment the beer faster and more complete. But since this oftentimes goes against the flavor characteristics desired from a yeast strain, it may only be done in rare occasions. It is suggested to regularly rouse the yeast in a forced ferment test to ensure a complete fermentation even with well flocculating yeasts.
- fermentation time: This is more practical for lager brewing than for ales. During the end of the primary fermentation and the long and cold lagering phase a very slow fermentation is in progress. By taking the beer off the yeast once the desired attenuation has been reached, a targeted attenuation/limit of attenuation difference can be achieved if the attenuation was already close enough when lagering started. The latter is important since only a few percent of attenuation gain can be expected during lagering. When considering removing a beer from the yeast it is important that green beer flavors like diacetyl and acedealdehyde have sufficiently been reduced since their reduction relies on the yeast.
- mashing/wort composition: Yes, mashing also has an affect on the fermentation and yeast performance. Lower ratios of maltotriose and higher content of glucose and maltose lead to better attenuation by the yeast since the yeast can metabolize the simple sugars more easily.
practical means of affecting the attenuation
Although there are many factors that effect attenuation only a few are generally considered practical means for attenuation control by the the home brewer. Keep in mind that you want to keep the other attenuation affecting parameters the same to observe only the change from the parameter that you wanted to change.
- use the saccharification rest length and temperature to fine-tune the limit of attenuation for a given recipe and mash procedure. The other mash parameters should be optimized for conversion performance.
- Choose a yeast strain that suits the beer style and ensure adequate pitching rate as well as good yeast health. The flocculation and other fermentation characteristics of the yeast should get you the desired difference between attenuation and limit of attenuation.
converting apparent to real attenuation
By using this formula for the real extract [Realbeer]:
RE = 0.1808 * OE + 0.8192 * AE
One can find the relationship between real attenuation (RA) and apparent attenuation (AA) as follows
RA = 1 - RE/OE
RA = 1 - (0.1808 * OE + 0.8192 * AE)/OE
RA = 1 - 0.1808 - 0.8192*AE/OE
RA = 0.8192 + 0.1808 - 0.1808 - 0.8192*AE/OE
Whith AA = 1 - AE/OE the real attenuation can be expressed as:
RA = 0.8192 * AA
- [Realbeer] realbeer.com Attenuation and related formulae
- [Narziss, 2005] Prof. Dr. agr. Ludwig Narziss, Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Werner Back, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (Fakultaet fuer Brauwesen, Weihenstephan), Abriss der Bierbrauerei. WILEY-VCH Verlags GmbH Weinheim Germany, 2005
- [Palmer, 2006] John J. Palmer, How to Brew, Brewers Publications, Boulder CO, 2006
- [Zainasheff] Jamil Zainasheff, mrmalty.com
- [BABC] Bay Area Brew Crew, Library: Yeast and Fermentation
- [Aexander 2007] Steve Alexander, Home Brew Digest #5133 dextrin redux (part 2) | <urn:uuid:c7c2011b-28d8-4671-90e6-f509fb345773> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://braukaiser.com/wiki/index.php?title=Understanding_Attenuation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00574-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922959 | 4,703 | 2.78125 | 3 |
About this Webinar
Are you an Indigenous woman who is ready to take her business idea to the next step? Starting and creating your own business is life-changing, and it can be fun, exciting and challenging. The purpose of this introductory session is to provide you with information about:
• Entrepreneurship, to help you decide if owning a business is for you.
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The topics for discussion include:
• What is my vision?
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Bev brings over 20 years of project management experience dedicated to supporting Indigenous communities in the delivery of economic and entrepreneurial development plans. Over the years, her work has focused on developing partnerships with First Nation’s communities, industry and governments to turn concepts into realities for the benefit of communities and their peoples.
With AWE, as a Program Specialist, Bev is the project lead for “Strengthening Partnerships” launched in 2019. Bev has a passion for facilitating, mentoring + coaching Indigenous women entrepreneurs. She is a mother of 3 daughters and is a member of the Montreal Cree Nation in northern Saskatchewan. Having been raised on the land, Bev has nurtured her appreciation of nature and the beauty of these resources for healing. | <urn:uuid:cb5130f4-8cfb-4f45-9e34-956d3144fe19> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.webinardeck.com/webinars/62ab40ca07d5e00399253db8/entrepreneurship-webinar-indigenous-women-entrepreneurs-are-you-ready-for-entrepreneurship | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.948482 | 314 | 1.609375 | 2 |
(Islamabad) – Pakistan’s government has failed to act against abuses by the security and intelligence agencies, which continued to allow extremist groups to attack religious minorities, Human Rights Watch said today in its World Report 2013. The authorities did little to address attacks against journalists and human rights defenders, and committed serious abuses in counter-terrorism operations.
In its 665-page report, Human Rights Watch assessed progress on human rights during the past year in more than 90 countries, including an analysis of the aftermath of the Arab Spring.
“Pakistan’s human rights crisis worsened markedly in 2012 with religious minorities bearing the brunt of killings and repression,” said Ali Dayan Hasan, Pakistan director at Human Rights Watch. “While the military continued to perpetrate abuses with impunity in Balochistan and beyond, Sunni extremists killed hundreds of Shia Muslims and the Taliban attacked schools, students, and teachers.”
Human Rights Watch documented a sharp escalation in persecution of religious minorities in 2012. At least eight journalists were killed in Pakistan in 2012, including four in May alone. No one was held accountable in any of these cases. Media coverage of alleged abuses by state security forces and militant groups was impeded by a climate of fear, Human Rights Watch said. Journalists rarely reported on human rights abuses by the military in counterterrorism operations, and the Taliban and other armed groups regularly threatened media outlets over their coverage. Human Rights Watch recorded continued enforced disappearances and killings of suspected Baloch nationalists and militants by the military and affiliated agencies. Baloch nationalists and other militant groups also stepped up attacks on non-Baloch civilians.
In 2012, well over 400 members of the Shia Muslim population were killed in targeted attacks that took place across Pakistan. In Balochistan province over 125 were killed, most of them from the Hazara community.
The government was unable or unwilling to break the links between Pakistan’s military and intelligence agencies with extremist groups. Sunni militant groups, including those with known links to the Pakistani military, its intelligence agencies, and affiliated paramilitaries, such as the ostensibly banned Lashkar-e Jhangvi, operated openly across Pakistan, as law enforcement officials turned a blind eye to attacks. The government took no significant action to protect those under threat or to hold extremists accountable.
Suicide bombings, armed attacks, and killings by the Taliban, al Qaeda, and their affiliates continued in 2012, targeting politicians, journalists, religious minorities, and government security personnel. Militant Islamist groups attacked more than 100 schools in 2012, including students, teachers, and human rights advocates, Human Rights Watch said. The Taliban’s nearly fatal attack on Malala Yousafzai, a 15-year-old girl who had been an outspoken advocate for children’s right to education, garnered condemnation from across the world and the political spectrum in Pakistan.
The deadly attacks on minority groups show no sign of letting up in 2013, Human Rights Watch said. Lashkar-e-Jhangvi claimed responsibilityfor a January 10, 2013 double-suicide bombing in Quetta, Balochistan that killed 92 Hazara and wounded 120 more. Federal rule was imposed in the province after a four day sit-in by protesters who refused to bury the dead until government action was taken.
“Pakistan’s Shia community suffered bloody attacks in 2012, and then 2013 began with the single worst atrocity against the Hazara in Pakistan’s history,” Hasan said. “The government needs to show some backbone and act urgently to protect vulnerable communities such as the Hazara, or risk appearing indifferent or even complicit in the mass killing of its own citizens.”
Human Rights Watch urged Pakistan’s federal government and relevant provincial governments to promptly apprehend and prosecute those responsible for attacks on the Shia and others at risk. The government should direct civilian agencies and the military responsible for security to actively protect those facing attack from extremist groups, and to address the growing perception, particularly in Balochistan and Pakistan’s tribal areas, that state authorities look the other way when Shia are attacked. It should increase the number of security personnel in Shia majority areas and enclaves at high risk of attack, particularly the Hazara community in Quetta. The government should also actively investigate allegations of collusion between Sunni militant groups, military intelligence, and paramilitary forces, and hold accountable personnel found to be involved in criminal acts.
Blasphemy law convictions
Abuses under the country’s blasphemy law continued as dozens were charged in 2012. At least 16 people remained on death row and 20 were serving life sentences for blasphemy. Members of the Ahmadi religious community have been major targets for blasphemy prosecutions and subjected to specific anti-Ahmadi laws. Militant groups forced the demolition or closure of Ahmadi mosques and vandalized Ahmadi graves across Punjab province.
“Pakistan’s religious minorities endured another year of persecution, insecurity, and fear,” Hasan said. “The government’s failure to reform or repeal the blasphemy law provides extremists with legal tools to impose bigotry and perpetrate abuse.”
State security forces routinely violated basic rights in the course of counterterrorism operations. Thousands of alleged Taliban members, rounded up in a nationwide crackdown that began in 2009 in Swat and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), remained in military detention without charge or trial.
“The Pakistani military’s abusive counterterrorism practices are as counterproductive as they are unlawful,” Hasan said. “By committing abuses against suspected militants in Balochistan and Taliban in FATA, the military is fueling the militancy it is fighting.”
In June 2012 Pakistan’s independent Supreme Court removed Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani from office for refusing to bring criminal charges against the president, an act widely dubbed a “judicial coup.” The judiciary muzzled media criticism of itself in 2012 through threats of contempt of court proceedings. In October the high courts in Islamabad and Lahore issued orders to stop the broadcast of television programs critical of the judiciary. This bar on the media came in the aftermath of a multi-million dollar corruption scandal involving Arsalan Iftikhar, the son of the Supreme Court chief justice.
The Supreme Court continued to take apparently political actions in January 2013 by admitting for hearing a malicious petition filed against Sherry Rehman, Pakistan’s ambassador to the United States, because of her 2010 campaign to reform the country’s blasphemy law.
“Pakistan’s Supreme Court exercised its new-found independence by taking transparent political decisions,”Hasan said. “Its actions risk a backlash that could allow future governments to limit its independence in the name of good governance.”
Relations between Pakistan and the United States remained abysmal through much of 2012 over the 2011 “Salala attack.” The US carried out about 48 aerial drone strikes during 2012 on suspected al Qaeda and Taliban members near Pakistan's border with Afghanistan. These strikes resulted in claims of large numbers of civilian casualties, but lack of access to the conflict areas has prevented independent verification.
“CIA drone strikes continued to generate controversy, outrage, and civilian casualties in Pakistan,” Hasan said. “So long as the US refuses public accountability for CIA drone strikes, the agency should not be conducting them at all.” | <urn:uuid:aca7ce9d-c3b2-42c4-a3e6-b29b15d145e2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/02/01/pakistan-abuses-impunity-erode-rights | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00026-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957793 | 1,509 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Using queries in genealogy and family history research goes way back, but how they’re published has changed dramatically. All for the better!
In the past, queries were mailed to genealogy newsletters and magazines, waited in line for space, and eventually went out the subcribers of the particular periodical. They must have worked as the query method remained popular.
Today, queries go via emails to genealogy discussion groups or onto Web pages tailored for queries. They’re organized by surname or geographical area or unique topic of interest. And the posting is either instantaneous or as soon as a moderator reviews and approves the query.
And many query sites allow the search engines to spider their content, so a surname search in Google or Bing can turn up queries your cousins have posted on your own family. How exciting is that!
Here are some good places to post queries online, for free:
GenForums – This is a very large collection of forums for surnames, countries, regions of countries and special topics. Post a query both in a surname forum and location forum. These work!
CousinConnect – This site lets you post queries as well as browse and search them.
Progenealogists Free Queries – Post and search queries.
For many more resources about on this topic, visit the Queries page at Cyndi’s List here.
As you work on a surname or ancestor, post queries on all of the places relevant to that person or family. You may strike the proverbial pay dirt. I have so I know these work. Happy searching!
This is one in a series of genealogy and family history research articles with ideas to help you find your family and ancestors at little or no cost. Please follow me on Twitter: http://twitter.com/BBPetura | <urn:uuid:7a7447a4-78e9-4ccd-8d3c-b42d73a7e67e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://relativemusings.wordpress.com/2009/09/17/genealogy-queries-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00272-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952272 | 374 | 2 | 2 |
Following a nine-month fire at a recycling and composting plant, Sanctus introduced innovative surveying and firefighting techniques to extinguish the fire and assess the damage to the building at minimal risk to its workers and the wider public.
The fire was fuelled by the compost on-site, making it very resilient and posing a significant challenge to putting the fire out. To remove the fuel from the fire, Sanctus used a remotely controlled Brokk excavator, spreading the compost over the floor of the facility to allow cooling and prevent reignition. Rapidly extinguishing the fire within two days saved further waste of money, time and resources.
The use of drones to survey the site and assess the damage to the cement bonded asbestos roof enabled Sanctus to establish that it was severely damaged and posed a high risk of collapse. As such, the judges could see that Sanctus’ procedures had clear health and safety benefits as well as ultimately saving money,
The use of remotely controlled plant and drones has widespread potential application across the industry and the creative use of such techniques stands to be of great benefit to the entire sector. | <urn:uuid:26e6ba7d-11b8-41e7-b8a9-b25c5e5f79f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.britishdemolitionawards.com/demolition-innovation-of-the-year/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.953837 | 226 | 2.71875 | 3 |
In 70:20:10 for trainers I advocated the use of the 70:20:10 model by L&D professionals as a lens through which to view their instructional design.
I continue to reject the notion that 70:20:10 is a formula or a goal, because it is not a model of what “should be”. For example, we needn’t assign 70% of our time, effort and money on OTJ interventions, 20% on social learning, and 10% on formal training. Similarly, we shouldn’t mandate that our target audience aligns its learning activity according to these proportions. Both of these approaches miss the point.
The point is that 70:20:10 is a model of what “is”. Our target audience does undertake 70% of its learning on the job, 20% via interacting with others, and 10% off the job (or thereabouts). Mark Britz calls it a principle. It’s not right and it’s not wrong. It just is.
Our role then as L&D professionals is to support and facilitate this learning as best we can. One of the ways I propose we do this is by using 70:20:10 as a lens. By this I mean using it as a framework to structure our thinking and prompt us on what to consider. Less a recipe citing specific ingredients and amounts, more a shopping basket containing various ingredients that we can use in different combinations depending on the meal.
For this purpose I have created the following diagram. To avoid the formula trap, I decided against labelling each segment 70, 20 and 10, and instead chose their 3E equivalents of Experience, Exposure and Education. For the same reason, I sized each segment evenly rather than to scale.
Using the framework at face value is straight-forward. Given a learning objective, we consider whether a course or a resource may be suitable; whether a social forum might be of use; if matching mentees with mentors would be worthwhile. Perhaps it would be helpful to develop some reference content, or provide a job aid. When looking through the lens, we see alternatives and complements beyond the usual event-based intervention.
Yet we can see more. Consider not only the elements in the framework, but also the interactions between them. For example, in our course we could assign an on-the-job task to the learners, and ask them to share their experiences with it on the ESN. In the language of the framework, we are connecting education to experience, which in turn we connect to exposure. Conversely we can ask workshop attendees to share their experiences in class (connecting experience to education) or encourage them to call out for project opportunities (connecting exposure to experience). The possibilities for integrating the elements are endless.
Those who see L&D as the arbiter of all learning in the workplace may find all this overwhelming. But I see L&D as a support function. To me, 70:20:10 is not about engineering the perfect solution. It’s about adding value to what already happens in our absence. | <urn:uuid:e1c1a399-6c30-442f-9486-649710597e83> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://ryan2point0.wordpress.com/tag/ld/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00323-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939234 | 640 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Introduction to Responsive Web Design
There are, essentially, three paths to making your business or corporate website content available and usable on smart phones and tablets:
- Do nothing
That's right. Do nothing. When you do nothing, the current desktop website view and layout displays, as usual, on mobile devices. The entire view is compressed to a very small size in order to squeeze onto the mobile screen. Since that can make seeing and navigating the website quite difficult, if not impossible, we do not recommend this option unless the website has just a very few simple, short pages and requires only minimal navigation.
- Create an entirely separate, abbreviated mobile version
In this approach, a completely separate mobile website is developed. The mobile version contains far less content than the desktop version — usually the content is limited to basic branding, location, contact and about information.
- Transform it with a Responsive Web Design
What is a responsive website? Read on to learn more about what we think is the best solution!
So What Is Responsive Web Design?
Definition and pronunciation for the term responsivere·spon·sive adjective
1. reacting quickly and positively.
A Responsive website is developed to change its layout and user interface to accommodate the screen size and orientation of the device or browser being used to view it. The Collaborint website that you're browsing now is responsive. If you are viewing it with a desktop browser, you can slowly narrow your browsing window and see how the layout, images and navigational elements transform and adapt to the available width of your view.
Generally, a responsive website looks very similar when viewed with desktop browsers and most tablets. However, on smaller-screened tablets and smart phones, the navigation and layout can change dramatically to adapt to the smaller screen size. For instance, to save screen real estate on smaller devices, navigation is often developed to transform from a horizontal layout to a responsive navbar (vertical stack of menu selections) that is expanded or collapsed via a menu button — sometimes called the pancake button. This vastly facilitates navigation of the website on a mobile device and is exactly what mobile users have come to expect to see and use.
Why Choose Responsive?
- Easier to maintain... saves you time and money because there is only one website to update and manage
- Simplified SEO Search Engine Optimization and analytics... there is only one website to optimize, track and analyze
- Better for your users... your users always have access to the same content across all of their devices — at work, at home or on the go
One website. One URL Uniform Resource Locator. Many happy mobile users! | <urn:uuid:f9b725dc-face-4311-b2fd-371e95b9d853> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.collaborint.com/resources/web-management-articles/responsive-web-design.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.930063 | 543 | 2.75 | 3 |
Even though registration is so common thing, it’s also one of the trickiest parts to design. Make sure that your sign up page isn’t an obstacle to your users by following these tips for designing a better registration process.
1. Don’t Use ‘Sign In’ and ‘Sign Up’ Together
How fast can you spot the difference between ‘sign up’ and ‘sign in’ on image below?
The problem is that ‘Sign In’ and ‘Sign Up’ are quite close. When buttons looks too similar and both use the same verb in their labels it’s pretty easy for users to get confused. Users might click one instead of the other, and usually this problem frustrates the users who try to log in because they make the mistake the most. This happens because users scan the screen quickly and assume that the first call to action that catches their attention is the correct one. Even if users didn’t make the mistake, they’ll spend extra time to distinguish the two buttons.
Users shouldn’t have to pause and and think what button should they click. If you want to provide a good user experience in login, avoid using ‘sign up’ and ‘sign in’ together. Instead, make the button distinct from each other by using different verbs in labels:
and different visual appearance for buttons (colors and styles) to make the difference more evident:
2. Eliminate as Many Fields as Possible
When registering a new user, ask the minimum you need to get you started. The fewer form fields you can get away with in your registration process, the less likely users’ll abandon it. Consider what information you absolutely must gather:
- One of the things any registration form can do better is to remove the double entry password and email field. There are other solutions for capturing typos (see section 4).
- From a UX perspective, it’s better to have no optional fields, assuming that if a piece of information is not required there’s no point in wasting a user’s time. You can always ask further information down the line. But if there are still optional fields in your registration form, make sure to clearly highlight them with label Optional:
‘How old are you’ is marked as Optional
3. Differentiate Login From Registration
Many sites and apps use almost the same number of input fields (email/user name and password) for login and registration forms and showing the two side by side:
However, it’s very important to clearly differentiate the registration from login, and to minimize the chance of users accidentally attempting to log in via the registration form. For example, Twitter’s login and registration forms not just look different, but they also have different color for CTA buttons and proper help text (‘New to Twitter? Sign up”).
4. Let Users See Their Password
A common problem during login and registration is mistyping a password. And this is fairly easy to do it because the password field is usually masked (of course because of security reasons). People aren’t perfect typists and they often mistype their password, especially on mobile devices.
Many sign up forms try to prevent mistyping errors by using the confirm password field when creating a password:
While the confirm password field seems sensible, using it doesn’t completely solve the problem. Users make more errors when they can’t see what they’re typing while filling in a form. And they feel less confident, because they can make a same error twice (for both fields).
Don’t make the user fill in the same field twice! Implementing a ‘show password’ option is a proper way to prevent mistyping errors. You can place a checkbox near the password field. When users click it, it’ll display their input unmasked.
Alternatively you can use an icon button. When user click on the icon, display the eye icon with a slash over it to represent masking.
5. Provide Guidance
You should clearly identify and explain form field errors. If a field isn’t completed correctly, don’t just tell users they made a mistake. Show them in which field the error occurred, and explain the correct way to fill out the field.
User-friendly and Descriptive Error Messages
“For security reasons your password must be longer than 6 and shorter than 10 characters, contain at least one capital letter, a number and a symbol.” This is a typical password requirement, but demanding users to consider all of the field requirements isn’t a proper way of explaining the problem. Take a cue from Mailchimp and indicate user progress with a “password strength” visual.
Real-time Data Validation
Real-time validation immediately informs users about the correctness of provided data. This approach allows users to correct the errors they make faster without having to wait until they press the submit button to see the errors. However, form validation shouldn’t only tell users what they did wrong, it should also tell them what they’re doing right. This gives users more confidence to move through the registration form.
Real-time validation works especially good for less obvious answers, such as picking a unique username or a strong password. Twitter is an obvious example here. On the screen below you can see that the form informs me that this email is already in use and offer me some options (either to login or recover my password).
6. Use Email or Phone Number, Rather Than Username
If you ask users to create a username during registration, most probably you’re dealing with following difficulties:
- Since usernames have to be unique, users might need to spend a few minute before they end up with a proper name, because preferred usernames have already been taken by other users.
- Users end up registering with a brand new username that they are hardly remember after a while.
You site or app should allow users to login with their email address or phone number:
Good: Phone or email can be used for username during registration
7. Allow User to Log in Via Facebook, Twitter or Google+
Why force users to create another set of login details when you can let them login via an external account, such as Facebook, Google or Twitter? This feature can alleviate registration headaches.
Comparing to the standard registration with email, it has both pros and cons:
- Pros: Users don’t have to fill out registration form, to create another pairs of username/password and to verify emails, hence can sign up in like 10 seconds instead of 10 minutes. And most important, users don’t have to remember a new usernames/passwords.
- Cons: Since the information about the user is loaded automatically it raises a huge privacy concern and not everyone is likely to be happy to share their profile data. For such cases you should have traditional login system running in parallel.
Good: Login via Facebook/Google+/Twitter or use a traditional sign up
8. Keep Users Signed In When They Register
Common issue with registration is requiring users to log in immediately after registration. This extra step usually frustrates the user.
You should design the app so that new users stay signed in immediately after registration (unless of course security is a real issues, such as banking apps and websites).
9. Make Password Recovery Painless
It’s very important that if users do forget their password (and they will) that this is well handled by the login process.
Make it easy for users to reset their password so they don’t abandon your service. As a starter always have a clear ‘Forgotten your password?’ link for your login form and this link should be visible all the time (not just after the incorrectly entered password).
Bonus. Follow a ‘Try Before You Buy’ Strategy
Users will abandon an app/online service that asks them to provide personal information upfront unless there’s some form of immediate payoff (e.g. ordering a taxi). In particular, services with low brand recognition must clear a higher hurdle when they ask users to register at the start of the experience, because forcing registration too early can cause more than 85% of users to abandon the product.
It is better to deliver a limited set of features immediately than nothing at all. Thus, follow a ‘try before you buy’ strategy. Try before you buy strategy is about giving new users the ability to experience your product so that they’ll personally interested in signup. People are more likely to sign up and provide real personal information if they just knew what sort of product and experience they receive.
A try before you buy pattern doesn’t mean you can’t ask a user to create an account. It just means you ask for that after delivering value for the user. For example, YouTube lets new users browse as much content as they’d like, prompting them only to sign up when they try to reply or create their own video content.
When you strip every barrier away from signing up, what you get is lots of sign-ups. And lots of sign-ups doesn’t translate automatically to the lots of customers. Customers are the result of a series of events. And creating an efficient registration process is just a first step in this direction. | <urn:uuid:cbec3ab0-3dfb-487e-90ab-d98f49e94bb5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://babich.biz/how-to-craft-effective-registration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00190-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908818 | 1,961 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Linux device drivers come in the form of kernel modules - object files which may be loaded into the running kernel to extend its functionality. The list of currently loaded kernel modules can be obtained using the lsmod command, modules may be loaded using modprobe, and removed using modprobe -r. The depmod command may be used to regenerate the list of available modules (after installation of the new modules, for example), even though it is pretty unlikely that you will ever need to invoke it by hand.
Normally, the devices are detected and neccessary kernel modules are loaded by udev during boot time. Occasionally, one may need finer control over the loading of kernel modules, for example to pass the additional parameters to the module, force loading of some modules on startup, or prevent certain module(s) from being loaded.
If some modules are not loaded automatically by udev, but
you would like them to be loaded during boot, it is possible to force it by
listing the names of the modules in
/etc/modules. This will
be scanned for the names of the modules (one name per line), which will then be
loaded using modprobe. For example, a typical
/etc/modules might look like:
To find out what parameters are accepted by a given module, you can use the modinfo command, for example:
filename: /lib/modules/3.2.0-2-686-pae/kernel/drivers/block/loop.ko alias: devname:loop-control alias: char-major-10-237 alias: block-major-7-* license: GPL depends: intree: Y vermagic: 3.2.0-2-686-pae SMP mod_unload modversions 686 parm: max_loop:Maximum number of loop devices (int) parm: max_part:Maximum number of partitions per loop device (int)
To add custom arguments to the modules loaded by udev early
in the boot process, you need to create a custom configuration file for
modprobe, which udev uses to load the
modules. For example, to pass an
libata kernel module, create
/etc/modprobe.d/local.conf file with the following line:
options libata atapi_enabled=1
You can use any name ending in
.conf for the
configuration files in
/etc/modprobe.d and put
options lines in the same file.
Sometimes two different modules claim support for the same device, usually
because two slightly different versions of the device exist, requiring
different kernel modules to operate. In such situation udev
loads both kernel modules, with unpredictable results. To avoid this problem,
you can prevent any module (let's say,
tulip) from loading
by creating a file containing the line:
/etc/modprobe.d directory. See the
modprobe manual page (man modprobe) for
much more information on configuring and using modprobe. | <urn:uuid:29c5c974-85ab-4d99-a5f6-c008bf7a4278> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://kernel-handbook.alioth.debian.org/ch-modules.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00169-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.73299 | 642 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Welcome to the nutritional protein content in 9 different types of cauliflower, ranging from 3.04 to 1.61 g per 100g. The basic amount from the general description of cauliflower is Cauliflower, raw which in 100g contains 1.92 g of protein.
As a source of protein, this corresponds to 3 % of the Recommended Daily Allowance or RDA. For this serving in your diet, the amount of Calories is 25 kcal (1% RDA), the amount of Fat is 0.28 g and the amount of Carbohydrate is 4.97 g (4% RDA).
The protein amounts and nutrition facts for 100g is shown in the bar chart below as percentages of the recommended daily allowance.
For the food Cauliflower, raw the typical serving size is 1 cup chopped (1/2" pieces) (or 107 g) which contains 2.05 g of Protein. The precentage of the recommended daily value for this serving is 4 %. In terms of the gram weight and total content for this serving the Calories content is 26.75 kcal, the Fat content is 0.3 g and the Carbohydrate content is 5.32 g.
The amount of protein, fat and carbs from this food is measured as a gram weight value although it is also useful to give the calories from these macronutrients. For this serving in your diet here are the macronutrient calories. From protein the number of calories is 5.0 (kcal).The number of calories from Fat is 2.5 (kcal).The total calories from carbohydrate is 19.0 (kcal).
This list of 9 types of cauliflower, is brought to you by www.dietandfitnesstoday.com and ranges from Cauliflower, green, cooked, no salt added through to Cauliflower, frozen, cooked, boiled, drained, with salt where all food items are ranked by the content or amount per 100g. The nutritional protein content can be scaled by the amount in grams, oz or typical serving sizes. Simply click on a food item or beverage from the list at the bottom of the page to give a full dietary nutritional breakdown to answer the question how much protein in cauliflower.
The list below gives the total protein content in the 9 items from the general description 'cauliflower' each of which show the protein amount as well as Calories, Fat and Carbohydrate. The top 9 food items are shown in the graph below, to give a quick and easy dietary comparison for the different items, where each item is listed at the bottom of the page with a nutritional summary.
The recommended daily allowance for protein is 56g for an average male. This is the RDA used for all nutrition in the listed data. For a typical woman it is 46g. These values are based on 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. It is also recommended that at least 10% of your calories should be from protein with an upper limit of 35% of your calories from protein.
The level of protein can be affected by the method of storage for example canned or frozen and also by the method of preparation for example either raw, cooked or fried. The total number of frozen food items is 3. The highest amount of protein from the 3 frozen items is in Cauliflower, frozen, unprepared where the protein content is 2.01 g per 100g. The total food items which are raw is 2 items. The highest amount of protein from the 2 raw items is in Cauliflower, green, raw where the content is 2.95 g per 100g. The number of food items which are cooked are 6 items. The highest amount of protein from the 6 cooked items is in Cauliflower, green, cooked, no salt added where the amount is 3.04 g per 100g. Comparing raw and cooked cauliflower shows that cooking can change the levels of protein by 0.09 g in a 100g serving.
Average Content for cauliflowerThe average (or more correctly the arithmetic mean) amount of protein contained in 100g of cauliflower, based on the list below of 9 different items under the general description of cauliflower, is 2.21 g of protein. This average value corresponds to 3.95 % of the recommended dietary allowance (or RDA) in your diet. The averages for the different nutrients are as follows; the average amount of Calories is 25.11 kcal, the average amount of Fat is 0.31 g and the average amount of Carbohydrate is 4.83 g.
Median AmountThe median value of Protein is found in Cauliflower, raw which in 100g contains 1.92 g of Protein. This corresponds to 3 % of the recommended daily allowance. For this serving the amount of Calories is 25 kcal, the amount of Fat is 0.28 g and the amount of Carbohydrate is 4.97 g.
Highest protein Content per 100g
Using the list below for the 9 different cauliflower nutrition entries in our database, the highest amount of protein is found in Cauliflower, green, cooked, no salt added which contains 3.04 g of protein per 100g. The associated percentage of RDA is 5 %. For this 100g serving the Calories content is 32 kcal, the Fat content is 0.31 g, the Carbohydrate content is 6.28 g.
The lowest amount of protein is in Cauliflower, frozen, cooked, boiled, drained, with salt which in 100g contains 1.61 g of protein. This gives as percentage of the recommended daily allowance 3 % of the RDA. For this 100g serving the amount of Calories is 17 kcal, the amount of Fat is 0.22 g, the amount of Carbohydrate is 3.16 g.
The difference between the highest and lowest values gives a protein range of 1.43 g per 100g. The range for the other nutrients are as follows; 15 kcal for Calories, 0.09 g for Fat, 3.12 g for Carbohydrate.
Highest Amount of protein per Serving
Please remember that the above gives an accurate value in 100g for high protein foods in your diet. For example 100g of Cauliflower, raw contains 1.92 g of protein. However, there are other factors to consider when you are assessing your nutritional requirements. You should also take into account portion sizes when you are considering the protein nutritional content.
The food with the highest protein content per typical serving is Cauliflower, frozen, unprepared which contains 5.71 g in 1 package (10 oz) (or 284 g). The precentage of the recommended daily value for this serving is 10 %. For this serving the Calories content is 68.16 kcal, the Fat content is 0.77 g and the Carbohydrate content is 13.29 g.
Nutritional Information SummaryFrom the list below you can find a full nutrition facts breakdown for all foods containing protein which can be scaled for different servings and quantities. We have also sorted our complete nutritional information and vitamin database of over 7000 foods, to give a list of high protein content in foods. | <urn:uuid:822ca601-7aaf-4db1-993b-a5691d252ba0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dietandfitnesstoday.com/protein-in-cauliflower.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00547-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.909845 | 1,463 | 2.5 | 2 |
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