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Turning Ideas into Action
Plastic Pollution Needs More Than Words
The more that time passes, the more we’re learning about the far-reaching impacts of plastic in our ecosystem. Whether we’re talking about grocery bags washing into the ocean, soda can rings entangling wildlife, or microscopic plastic particles in our drinking water and food, the more we study it the more we discover its massive impacts.
At some point, ideas need to turn into action if we’re going to start impacting our environment in positive ways. While individual actions should be taken, such as stopping the use of single-use plastics and picking up plastics on roadsides and beaches, we all need to consider investing in some more comprehensive solutions to this problem.
Is legislation the answer?
So far, 8 states in the US have outlawed the use of single-use plastic bags. In addition, various cities and towns across the country have made the move. The idea that we are going to push every state to this point of legislation is not out of the question. What once seemed like an impossibility is now on the horizon.
But that’s just the start.
What needs addressed is bigger than trips to the grocery store. We need to solve the problems of litter and laundry. We need to educate people on what’s happening, what the implications are, and what our options are.
At Filtrol, we don’t believe that the sky is falling. We don’t believe that this plastic ship has sailed. Quite the contrary, actually. We are hopeful and optimistic. We see a lot of good people and good companies working hard alongside us in this fight. We see good solutions on the horizon for solving plastic problems of all sizes.
Plastic Pollution is Solvable
But we have to all move beyond words. We have to start implementing small changes and voting in big changes. We have to change our habits and change our manufacturing standards. We have to be take seriously the charge in front of us to protect the environment and be part of turning ideas into action. | <urn:uuid:11e33ec5-1f45-4593-923b-61848d8a441b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://filtrol.net/blog/turning-ideas-into-action/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.939621 | 429 | 2.84375 | 3 |
The Gazzle is part of Towan Head, one of Newquay’s most beautiful areas, teeming with wildlife such as seals, seagulls, falcons and cormorants. This is our preferred route as it allows us to create differing levels of challenge depending on the groups ability. From extremely difficult to child friendly, it has it all, as well as being sheltered from the westerly swells and prevailing south-westerly winds.
The area also holds historical features such as Newquay’s old lifeboat house and slipway. You will walk down what was once the steepest lifeboat slipway in Britain when it came into operation in the late 1800’s . We will work our way around the coastline, traversing the cliffs, swimming from coves and looking for places to explore. We practice jumping from the cliffs starting from a few feet and building up to some higher jumps – the highest being 30 – 35 feet (10 metres) but only if you are happy and confident to give it a go! | <urn:uuid:04466f83-937d-4c8c-9aab-73523f8670ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://barefeetcoasteer.com/our-routes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.970903 | 219 | 1.554688 | 2 |
The World Health Organization (WHO) called on countries to depoliticize the investigation into the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and how it jumped to humans, pressing for more raw data to review and suggesting that more can be done within its current framework to track lab safety around the world, including China.
Brazil's Ministry of Health, in conjunction with the state and municipal departments of São Paulo, has confirmed a case of Coronavirus disease in the municipality of São Paulo. The business man had travelled this month to the north of Italy.
A Chinese doctor who was among the first to warn publicly about the new coronavirus outbreak - and was reprimanded by authorities for “spreading rumours” - died of the infection early on Friday, his hospital announced.
The World Bank will revise its global growth forecast downwards due to the new coronavirus, the president of the multilateral lender said on Tuesday amid fears the epidemic in China will harm global supply chains.
China said it was halting flights and trains from Thursday out of Wuhan, the city of 11 million people at the centre of a deadly SARS-like virus outbreak, as the UN extended emergency talks on the disease.
A SARS-like virus that has spread across China and reached three other Asian nations is contagious between humans, a government expert said, and the World Health Organization announced that a key emergency committee would meet this week to discuss the infections. The news came as Wuhan health authorities reported on Tuesday that a fourth person had died of the coronavirus. | <urn:uuid:56cb6f57-94be-4a36-ab73-1f129a346976> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.mercopress.com/tags/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-sars | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.970055 | 321 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Kazakhstan wants to bypass Russia to export its oil
Kazakhstan’s president has ordered his government to find new routes to export oil through Russia after the two neighbors clashed over Ukraine.
During a meeting of his government, President of the Republic Kassym-Jomart Togayev announced the establishment of a new export route for Kazakh crude oil through the Caspian Sea. “priority”. He also ordered his government “Taking Action to Increase Capacity” According to the Kazakh president, some sections of the pipeline will carry oil to China.
The idea of a Trans-Caspian pipeline kept coming up, but it never came to fruition, and Russia did not see the project in the best light.
Currently, three-quarters of Kazakh oil is exported through a pipeline to the Russian port of Novorossiysk on the Black Sea.
However, these exports have been halted twice since Moscow’s offensive in Ukraine began in late February, which many observers suspect the Kremlin wants to pressure Russia’s traditional ally Kazakhstan for its neutrality in the conflict. These interruptions were officially justified in March and June by storm damage and the dangers associated with the presence of mines during World War II.
The third disruption this week came after a Russian court ordered a 30-day halt to oil deliveries through the 1,500-kilometer pipeline, citing violations of environmental standards.
The consortium that operates the pipeline has appealed, temporarily suspending the court ruling, the Kazakh energy minister announced Thursday. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said “Impossible” It underscores that the Russian court’s decision is tied to political considerations “Want additional contacts” with Kazakhstan.
To strengthen energy cooperation with the European Union, Mr. The latter also seeks to reduce dependence on Russian hydrocarbons, Togayev pledged this week. Last month, the Kazakh president stunned an economic forum in St. Petersburg by saying he would not recognize pro-Russian separatist organizations in Ukraine as states.
“Award-winning internet enthusiast. Food geek. Social media maven. Subtly charming bacon buff. Organizer. Student.” | <urn:uuid:0383ef56-b0a1-40aa-92c8-62a283d8b4a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.entertainment-news.online/vladimir-putin-challenges-the-west-to-defeat-russia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.959781 | 447 | 1.859375 | 2 |
WASHINGTON – The most sweeping immigration reform bill in the last 26 years, meant to dramatically remake the U.S. immigration system, was officially filed on the Senate floor by Sen. Chuck Schumer at around 2 a.m. Wednesday morning.
The 844-page immigration bill, completed by four Democrats and four Republicans, the so-called "Gang of Eight," would usher in new visa programs for both low- and high-skilled workers, require a tough new focus on border security, institute a new requirement for all employers to check the legal status of their workers, and install a path to citizenship for 11 million immigrants in the country illegally.
The "Border Security, Economic Opportunity & Immigration Modernization Act of 2013" would shift the U.S. immigration system from emphasizing family ties to U.S. citizens or permanent residents in determining who can come to this country, to putting a much bigger focus on their skills or employment opportunities. People who've been deported would have the opportunity to come back to the U.S. if their spouses or children are in the country.
The path to citizenship is expected to draw the most controversy. Under the filed bill it would take 13 years for immigrants already living in the U.S. illegally to become citizens, the first 10 of those in a provisional legal status during which immigrants would not have access to federal benefits. Immigrants would have to pay $2,000 in fines plus hundreds more in fees, and outstanding taxes. No one with a felony conviction or more than three misdemeanors would be eligible, and no one who entered the country after Dec. 31, 2011, could apply.
Programs improving border security, a major caveat of the bill for Republicans, would have to be fully in place before the citizenship process can begin for the estimated 11 million people in the U.S. illegally. The bill allocates over $5 billion over ten years, $3 billion of which will be given to the Department of Homeland Security for more border patrol agents, increased surveillance, and unmanned drones. If the most high risk border areas see an improvement of 90 percent or higher within five years than border security is deemed complete, and undocumented immigrants can begin applying for citizenship. If the border security goal is not reached, a commission made up of border governors and experts will be established.
Under the terms of the bill, undocumented immigrants can begin to apply for legal status six months after the law is enacted as long as DHS submits an operational border security strategy to Congress by then. The comprehensive reform bill requires a mandatory employment verification system to be in place and requires air and sea ports to be retrofitted with electronic systems that track those visiting the country temporarily.
President Barack Obama is urging the Senate to move quickly on a comprehensive immigration overhaul drafted by a bipartisan group of senators. Obama says that the bill is a compromise measure and that nobody will get everything he wants — including him. But he says it's largely consistent with his own principles for immigration reform.
Republican Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) and Democratic Sen. Chuck Schumer briefed Obama on the details of the bill Tuesday at the White House.
"This bill is clearly a compromise, and no one will get everything they wanted, including me. But it is largely consistent with the principles that I have repeatedly laid out for comprehensive reform," Obama said. "I urge the Senate to quickly move this bill forward and, as I told Sens. Schumer and McCain, I stand willing to do whatever it takes to make sure that comprehensive immigration reform becomes a reality as soon as possible."
The White House says Obama is having dinner with 12 Democratic senators Wednesday at the Jefferson Hotel, where last month he dined with Republicans. He's trying to build support for his proposals, including the budget, guns and immigration.
Criticism From Both Sides
A a press event to roll the bill out was delayed until later in the week after the bombings at the Boston marathon. Nonetheless, outside groups and other senators already had plenty to say.
To some conservatives, it's amnesty.
To some immigration advocates, it's unnecessarily punitive.
The Senate's new bipartisan immigration bill drew criticism from the right and from the left Tuesday — convincing members of the bipartisan "Gang of Eight" that wrote it that they're on the right track.
"This has something for everybody to hate," said Sen. Jeff Flake, R-Ariz.
Said Sen. Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., "No one gets everything they want."
“Our immigration system is broken, and the status quo of having 11 million undocumented people living under de facto amnesty will only continue if we do nothing to solve this problem," said Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Fl), a member of the "Gang of Eight." "This bill marks the beginning of an important debate"
To some on the left, the details of the path to citizenship were emerging as a concern.
"The proposed legislation falls short by placing unnecessary obstacles and delays in the path to citizenship and could unfairly exclude some of the 11 million aspiring Americans who are our neighbors, friends, family and fellow-worshippers," said Bishop Ricardo McClin, pastor of the Church of God Restoration in Kissimmee, Fla., and a member of PICO National Network, a faith-based organizing network. "PICO will be pressing for changes to make sure that the path to citizenship is real for the families in our congregations."
The path to citizenship also is contingent on various border security "triggers" first being met, an approach Obama administration officials and others have criticized.
Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill., defended the approach, which was sought by Republicans.
"Let me just tell you something. This was the price that Democrats had to pay to make this a bipartisan bill. And it's not too high a price," Durbin said.
On the other side, some Republicans were claiming that the bill amounted to a grant of amnesty for people in the country illegally, while opening a floodgate to immigration that could drive down wages for U.S. workers.
"The amount of immigration is going to be far more than most Americans think," said Sen. Jeff Sessions, R-Ala. He predicted that once the facts on the bill are known, the Senate might reject it. "Matter of fact, I don't think it's going to become law as written. It's far more monumental than people realize," Sessions said.
At the same time, the bill was getting plenty of support from business, labor, immigration rights groups and others. Many were eager to rally behind legislation that they see as representing the best chance in more than a quarter-century for Congress to enact meaningful immigration reforms even if imperfect.
"I don't think there's anybody out there that can say this is my dream legislation," said Clarissa Martinez, director of immigration at National Council of La Raza. "But I think that it's important to keep the whole in perspective, and where we're trying to go."
Members of the Gang of Eight were working to sell the bill to various constituents. At one meeting Tuesday with representatives from about a dozen outside groups, Republicans in the group ticked off the bill's benefits: it doesn't cost the federal government money, won't undermine American workers, and "the pall of illegality will be removed and we can get on with the business of improving the economy. And we agree with all that," said one attendee, Daniel Garza, executive director of the LIBRE Initiative, a center-right organization that advocates for Hispanics.
The bill is expected to contain expenditures of around $17 billion, mostly for border security measures including hiring 3,500 new Customs agents, but should bring in more than that in fines and other revenue, according to a Senate aide Tuesday who spoke on condition of anonymity because the bill had not been released.
The Congressional Budget Office will have to analyze the legislation and confirm those figures, but lawmakers and aides have pledged that the bill won't cost taxpayers and they'll increase fees or fines in the legislation if it looks like it might.
The last serious effort to remake the immigration system, pushed by President George W. Bush, failed on the Senate floor in 2007. The biggest difference this time around is changed public sentiment in favor of reform, McCain said.
A new Associated Press-GfK poll shows 63 percent, including majorities across party lines, support providing a way for immigrants in the U.S. to become U.S. citizens. The poll was conducted by telephone April 11-15 among 1,004 adults and has a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3.9 points.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
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Like us at facebook.com/foxnewslatino | <urn:uuid:dd4273be-af0a-4f51-8005-7a37e902279b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/04/17/immigration-reform-bill-unveiled.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00517-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96763 | 1,816 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Add a line
Use these steps to add roads, railways, flyover/underpasses, ferry boat lines and trails/paths.
Step 1: Make your changes
- Click Add New on top left of the viewport.
- Select Add roads, railways etc. from the drop-down menu.
- Choose the type of the feature you'd like to draw.
- Click and place the nodes in exact alignment with the satellite imagery.
- Click Done or press Enter to finish.
- Enter the details in the left hand panel and click Save.
Step 2: Tell us how it relates to the map
After you've finished drawing, you might be prompted to specify whether your road is new or an extension of an existing road:
- Select Create a new road if your feature is new.
- Select Extend the road if you’ve drawn an extension, a road will be created with the same name and details as of the original. Learn more about extending a line.
- Don’t overshoot/undershoot: The road addition should properly intersect with the connecting road as per the satellite imagery.
- When you add features that are not visible in satellite imagery, ensure to add a comment justifying its existence.
- If there is no satellite imagery you can use your own KML data to map an area. Learn more on using overlays.
- Add airstrips, runways, and two buildings connected by an elevated pedestrian walkway as places instead of lines.
Was this article helpful?
How can we improve it? | <urn:uuid:228539d5-394a-4f19-8e83-8330452e3456> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://support.google.com/mapmaker/answer/1196367?hl=en&ctx=cb&src=cb&cbid=-1q19gy0r7gvf8&cbrank=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00462-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.856991 | 326 | 2.6875 | 3 |
How many presidents does it take to push an emergency border security proposal past a Congress consistently paralyzed by politics?
President Otto Perez Molina of Guatemala, President Juan Orlando Hernandez of Honduras and President Salvador Sanchez Ceren of El Salvador will meet with President Obama at the White House on Friday to discuss the tens of thousands of unaccompanied children who have come to the U.S. since October.
But with members of Congress preparing to leave Washington for the long summer recess, they are unlikely to pass the president’s emergency funding request any time soon — if at all. The president’s meeting with the heads of state merely highlights that when it comes to urgent issues of security, the administration will step around a stalled Congress to move forward.
The Central American leaders are making the case in Congress and around Washington this week that they’ll need more U.S. assistance to address the security crisis in the region that has prompted the wave of children. Under Obama’s $3.7 billion request, an additional $161.5 million would be provided to the State Department’s Central American Regional Security Initiative, with $18.5 million to Honduras. Vice President Joe Biden also announced $9.6 million in new assistance to Central America, as well as $40 million dollars to Guatemala and $25 million to El Salvador under USAID.
Democrats on the Hill have bolstered the cause, arguing that rather than altering U.S. law to expedite deportations of these children, a more sustainable solution is curbing the violence and poverty that prompt them to come. Lawmakers argued from the floor Wednesday for the government to give the children due process and treat them humanely, but also to provide more resources to the U.S. military and State Department to bolster Central America’s institutions and counternarcotics efforts.
Marine Corps Gen. John Kelly, commander of U.S. Southern Command, which stretches from Mexico to all of Central and South America, told Defense One earlier this month that he did not have the resources to stop the illicit trafficking fueling the drug trade and mass migration and threatening U.S. national security.
But Republicans aren’t buying it.
They continue to claim that the Obama administration’s “amnesty” immigration policies have invited the migrant wave, and frame the emergency funding as more of the same. House Appropriations Committee Chairman Rep. Hal Rogers, R-Texas, said the Republicans’ measure would most likely slash the president’s request to around $1.5 billion. A House working group, which revealed its proposal on Wednesday, wants military assistance, too — in the form of National Guard troops deployed to the U.S-Mexico border, following the lead of Republican Texas Gov. Rick Perry. Perry announced Monday he would send roughly 1,000 Texas Army and Air National Guard to his state’s border, which has been hit with the brunt of the migration.
“There can be no national security without border security, and Texans have paid too high a price for the federal government’s failure to secure our border,” Perry said.
But the administration cited evidence last week that the flow of unaccompanied minors may be slowing, and as these immigrants are turning themselves into authorities, it’s unclear what role the National Guard can have. Air Force Maj. Gen. John Nichols told the Army Times that while the National Guard will be armed, they would only serve in observation posts.
That’s not to say the administration is not open to using military resources, or taking detours to get around political obstruction. As “not in my back yard” protests take place around the country in an effort to block authorities from finding additional locations to shelter immigrant children and families, on Wednesday, Pentagon spokesman Army Col. Steve Warren announced that the Defense Department will be expanding its agreement with the Department of Health and Human Services to house an additional 5,000 children on military bases until Jan. 31. The Pentagon has not yet determined which bases will be used.
The announcement came as the Pentagon kicked off Fuerzas Comando 2014 in Colombia, an annual SOUTHCOM military exercise conducted since 2004. Some 700 personnel from 21 countries — including Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama and Uruguay — are participating, focusing on combating terrorism, organized crime and illicit trafficking and improving regional security, according to Pentagon spokesman Lt. Col. Myles Caggins.
But behind the deep military-to-military relationships in the region and renewed diplomatic efforts such as the White House meeting Friday is the push for Central American countries to build up their capacity to ensure their own security — a continued theme of the Obama administration’s second-term national security strategy that both parties can get behind: We can’t do it all, and we can’t do it for you.
“For reasons of national security and economic prosperity, the U.S. has a clear interest in helping Central American countries become safe and stable communities,” Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., said in a statement Thursday. “Unfortunately, the recent wave of illegal immigration has reminded us of how fragile these foundations are in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras … I reiterated with our Central American counterparts that it is they who must build a better future at home for their people, with the U.S. as a supportive partner.”
Senate Foreign Relations Chairman Sen. Robert Menendez, D-N.J., said he made clear to the Central American officials, “as the United States looks to increase security and development assistance to Central America, we need to know that our commitment is matched.” | <urn:uuid:99a7bf8d-0535-4533-8371-ec1db6bc3198> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.defenseone.com/politics/2014/07/central-american-leaders-push-obama-congress-security-assistance/89657/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00081-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946968 | 1,173 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Bioinformatics is conceptualizing Biology in terms of molecules (in the sense of Physical Chemistry) and applying “informatics techniques” (derived from disciplines such as applied mathematics, computer science and statistics) to understand and organize the information associated with these molecules, on a large scale. It explores new ways for approaching biological problems and aims at the comprehension of basic principles of Biology. Bioinformatics interacts strongly with modern structural, molecular and environmental biology, as well as with pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. Nowadays, the field is rapidly developing worldwide; several important goals have already been accomplished, while large investments from various sources are continuously attracted. Bioinformatics occupies a central position in the recent developments of Life Sciences, with the most sound example being the analysis of data derived from all genome sequencing efforts, including the Human Genome Project.
Since 2003, the Faculty of Biology in the University of Athens organizes and operates the “Bioinformatics” Postgraduate Programme, in accordance with the provisions and articles of the Ministry of Education, Research and Religious Affairs (FEK 773/17-0-2003), under the direction of Professor Stavros Hamodrakas. Since 2014, the Programme operates in its updated form, in accordance with the articles of the Greek Laws 3685/2008 (FEK 148, No. A) and 3014/2014 and the ministry declaration No. 43800/B7, under the direction of Professor Constantinos Vorgias. The revised Regulations of Studies have been devised and approved by the Programme’s Coordinate Committee and the Faculty of Biology’s General Assembly.
The Bioinformatics Postgraduate Programme aims to satisfy the need for high-quality training of young scientists, with the intention to enter the challenging field of Bioinformatics.Given the explosion in Biotechnology research (including, among others, Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Medicine), the emergence of a critical mass of scientists with a foundation in Bioinformatics, should lead to the advancement of modern biological research in our country, in both academia and industry. The Bioinformatics Postgraduate Programme is organized and coordinated by the Faculty of Biology of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. At the same time, the Programme collaborates with a number of prominent Universities and Research Institutions including the Agricultular University of Athens, the University of Thessaly, the National Technical University of Athens,. the Harokopio University, the Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), The National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF) and the National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”. The Programme’s courses are taught by Professors and Researchers from the above institutions, as well as invited speakers from other institutions, both in Greece and abroad. The Programme is accommodated in the Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology at the campus of the University of Athens.
Prerequisites for Admission
The Bioinformatics Postgraduate Programme admits graduates from Schools of Science, Polytechnic, Economical and Agricultural schools and Medical/Biomedical schools from recognized academic institutes, both in Greece and abroad, as well as graduates from Technical Educational Institutes (TEI) with related disciplines. Apart from the applicant’s Bachelor degree, the prerequisites for admission are defined by the Programme’s Coordinative Committee. The admissions process also includes a personalized interview for the applicant before the members of the Committee. A maximum of 20 students are accepted per year. Admitted graduate students will receive the same perks as undergraduate students of the University, as defined by the articles of the Law No. 2083/1992. The Programme’s curicullum is organized in four semersters (two academic years).
The Programme’s costs are covered by the students’ tuition fees. Fees are set to 1500€ per year (a sum of 3000€ for two academic years).
More information can be found in the Admissions Page. | <urn:uuid:8486c879-5447-4d50-9918-bc998a0169bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://msc-bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/en/organization/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.922267 | 832 | 2.15625 | 2 |
“Looks like we have a ways to go in local public radio and television. Like the rest of the media, women are underrepresented in our newsrooms,” writes Michael Marcotte, longtime pubcasting analyst and the Donald W. Reynolds Chair in the Ethics of Entrepreneurial and Innovative Journalism at the University of Nevada, Reno.
In a blog post, Marcotte takes a deep dive into a February study, The Status of Women in the U.S. Media 2013, by the Women’s Media Center, an advocacy and press monitoring organization based in New York City.
Reports filed by public stations to CPB reveal the gender composition of the local pubmedia news workforce in positions including executives, editors, producers and senior producers, managing editors, news directors and hosts. For years, CPB has gathered general staffing information from stations, but in 2010 it began asking for much more granular data about station journalists, Marcotte notes.
The good news is, pubmedia is overall doing a bit better than commercial news in employing women. For instance, pubradio employs 46 percent women compared with commercial radio, 33 percent.
Of about 3,000 total employees in public broadcasting news nationwide, 57 percent are men, 43 percent women. Of public radio news personnel, 54 percent are men, 46 percent women. Public TV doesn’t fare as well: 62 percent men, 38 percent women.
In leadership roles in public radio, 56 percent are men, 44 percent women; in pubTV, 65 percent men, 35 percent women.
For hosts, on pubradio, 63 percent are men, 37 percent women; on pubTV, 57 percent men, 43 percent women.
“Somehow, one would expect public media newsrooms to be doing much better than their commercial counterparts,” Marcotte writes. “After all, they’re tethered to universities and nonprofits with more accountability requirements than the private sector. They tend to be bastions of educated, progressive thinkers. And there’s no mistaking years of systemwide efforts at creating a more diverse, women-friendly workforce.
“So, while they are doing better than their commercial counterparts, public media stations still have work to do if their male-female journalist balance is to mirror the larger society.” | <urn:uuid:f9900f54-23ba-444b-a547-026baf3e59af> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://current.org/2013/03/pubmedia-local-news-has-a-ways-to-go-toward-gender-equity-report-reveals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00503-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933912 | 474 | 1.75 | 2 |
Fictions of the Past in U.S. Classrooms
Publication Year: 2011
Published by: Vanderbilt University Press
It is a great pleasure to thank the many people who traveled with me during the journey of this book’s creation. Julie Reuben and John Stauffer have been superb mentors; their approach to scholarship, advising, teaching, and community building continue to inspire me. During my years at Harvard, I received considerable nurture from outstanding scholars ...
I started first grade in 1982, a moment when the “whole language” and “authentic literature” movements began sweeping across U.S. schools, transforming the way teachers and librarians conceived of how children read. The new scholarship around literacy placed books, not reading instruction, at its center. Educators argued that if children could be hooked ...
1. Classroom Entry
In a middle school classroom in Iowa, students who have just finished reading William H. Armstrong’s Newbery Medal–winning novel, Sounder, turn to a teacher-created assignment to extend their learning. The story of an African American boy and his sharecropping family, Sounder is a poignant tale of oppression, hardship, and individual triumph ...
2. Indians Mythic and Human
Cherokee editor Mary Gloyne Byler wrote in the early 1970s that in contrast to other minority groups in the United States, who “have been, and are still, largely ignored by the nation’s major publishing houses—particularly in the field of children’s books,” Native Americans" contend with a mass of material about themselves. If anything, there are too many ...
3. War Novels
Ask Americans of any age to give a broad outline of U.S. history, and they will invariably start with Columbus, proceed to the Pilgrims, then mark the passage of time by a steady march of military engagements—the Revolution, the Civil War, and World Wars I and II—before adding the civil rights movement and returning to battles overseas.1 This ...
4. Black and White
In 1950, four years before the landmark Brown case outlawed school segregation, the American Library Association (ALA) awarded its coveted Newbery Medal to Elizabeth Yates’s fictional biography of Amos Fortune, an African who rose from chattel slavery to freedom and self-sufficiency in colonial New England. Yates’s novel, Amos Fortune, Free ...
5. Historical Fiction in the Classroom
The novels whose analysis composes this book appear regularly in today’s elementary and middle schools, and generally speaking, their presence in the lives of generations of American children is a good thing. As teachers attest and research supports, the books appeal to young adolescents, generating interest and excitement about a school subject, history, ...
Afterword: Pedagogical Possibilities
In the summer between my seventh- and eighth-grade years, all students in my midwestern school were required to read and write an essay about Bette Greene’s Summer of My German Soldier. I don’t remember much about the summer of 1989, but I do remember reading that book. I hated it. Perhaps because I knew that the essay I wrote would be the first ...
Appendix A: Nationwide Trends in Middle-Grade Historical Fiction
Appendix B: Historical Sources Discussed in Pedagogy Charts
Page Count: 272
Publication Year: 2011
OCLC Number: 762324993
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5 Super Books to Jump Start Reading at Home11:25 PM
By Jessica Streit
The greatest gift you can give your child is a love of reading. Giving this gift is simple; read to them yourself. The time you spend sitting with your child, reading to them will lay the foundation for a book lover and life-long reader.
As the child grows, introduce them to high-quality books that will jump start their ability to read. Here's a list of 5 super books that every child should be reading.
Brown Bear, Brown Bear by Eric Carle – Any book by Eric Carle is a must-have for your child's library but Brown Bear, Brown Bear has repetitive text and a predictable story line that allows the child to learn the words quicker.
Chicka Chicka Boom Boom by Bill Martin Jr. - This vibrant, colorful book flows through each letter of the alphabet with a fun rhyming text. Early readers will need assistance with portions of the book that have phrases such as “skit skat skoodle doot.” This and other phrases are simple and repetitive which allows the child to quickly learn them and have success reading on their own.
The Cat in the Hat by Dr. Seuss – The Cat in the Hat (as well as most books by Dr. Seuss) is a great book for teaching word families and rhyming. The similar words with same sounds are easy to decipher (for example, cat, hat, and sat). These word families (words with the same ending, in the case of sat, hat, and cat, it would be the “-at” family) are an important skill that all early readers must master to move on to more difficult words.
Don't Let the Pigeon Stay UpLate! by Mo Willems – This book is great fun for readers of all ages. It's a fun book to read aloud, allowing for emotion and facial expressions as well as drama. But it can be a great motivator for children who are learning to read. When their parent or teacher is excited about the book, they will get excited. Children will read this book multiple times until they have mastered the words. This and any other books by Mo Willems (especially all the Pigeon books) are a must-have for all early readers.
Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak – There isn't a list that this book doesn't belong on! It's an award-winning, classic book loved by millions. Children will enjoy the detailed, colorful artistry in the illustrations as well as the text. The words are written at a nice pace that allows beginning readers to navigate with east. This book should be owned by all children and read frequently.
Learning to read is the single most important academic skill a child will learn. Starting them early is proven to be essential for the strength of a reader. To assist with this ability, it is important to encourage a love for reading in all children. Developing this love is simple. Read together. Read often.
Jessica Streit is an educator, freelance writer and single mom of 2 boys. Her writing can be found on a variety of topics including personal finance, education and parenting. She blogs about overcoming debt and living a royal life on a budget at The Debt Princess. | <urn:uuid:dd5f2e22-5aa5-4318-a77b-74116e6b6143> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lillepunkin.com/2012/11/5-super-books-to-jump-start-reading-at.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957416 | 677 | 2.5 | 2 |
June 29, 2013
By Dave Warner, Of Reuters PHILADELPHIA — With just days to go before two of the city's most prestigious hospitals refuse to hire smokers, the ban has relit a debate about the wisdom of regulating workers' behavior away from the workplace. Both the highly rated University of Pennsylvania Health System, which includes the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, as well as the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, named by US News and World Report as America's top children's hospital this year, will join dozens of hospitals across the country when they implement their policy on Monday, July 1. The move has generated criticism among civil liberties activists, hospital employees and even doctors who fear that smokers will lie about their habit — and therefore become less likely to seek help in stopping it. "It's not all slopes that are slippery, but this one really is," said Lewis Maltby, a former American Civil Liberties Union lawyer who now runs the National Workrights Institute in Princeton, N.J. He is critical of an employer's intrusion into the private time of employees.
May 2, 2012
Regarding the article on changing Pennsylvania wiretap laws: The changes the district attorneys want to make, such as amending the two-party consent rule for tape recording and targeting specific individuals and their future phone lines, is interesting. Kudos to the American Civil Liberties Union for mentioning law enforcement must be held to a higher burden of proof to obtain and target specific wiretaps and cautioning state lawmakers to make sure they safeguard due process and privacy rights by not surrendering too much power to law enforcement.
February 1, 2012
TODAY'S QUESTION: To crack down on people who may use welfare benefits to buy drugs, Pennsylvania started a pilot program to require drug tests of welfare recipients who have felony drug convictions within five years and randomly test some others who have drug records. Is this a legitimate effort to ensure that people won't spend welfare money to buy drugs or is it a violation of a person's civil liberties? Pa. within its rights I don't want my tax money used to buy drugs for welfare recipients so I don't see anything wrong in drug testing recipients who have been convicted of drug use in the recent past.
February 1, 2012
While it is most certainly a violation of a person's civil liberties, the problems with this program don't end there. Exactly how would this be carried out and by whom? How much will such a program cost taxpayers? Think of all the administrative work involved, the staff needed, the lab fees, etc. The next question is: Will it just stop with welfare recipients? What's next? How about making sure recipients of unemployment compensation aren't using their benefits for vacations or luxury items?
January 12, 2012
Sometimes the ghosts of people and events from previous years return to haunt us. As America prepared to celebrate the new year, an older ghost hovered unseen at the president's side as he signed the current National Defense Authorization Act into law. No doubt this specter from the mid-20th century was also present when 86 senators voted for its passage earlier in 2011. In both cases there must have been a smile and nod of approval as he recognized the malicious intent buried within the 1,000-page bill.
September 7, 2011
I will primarily observe the 9/11 anniversary by reflecting on its significance. The event was a tragedy for the almost 3,000 who died that day — and for their families and friends. Twelve percent of the victims were non-Americans from 55 countries. The victims included all races. Christians, Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, agnostics and atheists died (and probably adherents of religions I never heard of). The loss of hundreds of thousands of lives in the two wars that followed is even more tragic. | <urn:uuid:e6487a47-4e8c-4c30-bf42-dea6d75eab7f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articles.mcall.com/keyword/civil-liberties | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00090-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968737 | 774 | 1.664063 | 2 |
© Hazel Henderson, 1988
(word count 2,542)
“TOWARD HOLISTIC HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS”
Ever since Earth’s living organisms progressed from cell division to the extraordinary innovation of sexual reproduction, humans have been trying to come to terms with its corollaries: physical asymmetry and death. These two great issues have provided a continual challenge to all human cultures; to philosophers, scientists and almost every member of our species. We also have assumed that our particular form of self-awareness made these two issues of sexuality and death exclusively human problems.
Evidence from history and anthropology attests to the almost infinite variety of our cultural, social, political and psychological responses to the challenges of sexual asymmetry. Different cultures have opted through the ages for almost every conceivable form of distribution of power and influence between men and women — from outright female dominance (as still practiced in some tribal societies) and the matrifocal cultures of Neo-lithic times to the generally patriarchal societies so prevalent; in the world today. Sexual asymmetry invites a much wider repertoire of responses than its twin challenge: death, since, so far, there has been little we humans could do beyond extending our lifespan, in the face of our mortality.
With the arrival in 1987 of the five bil1ionth member of the human family, together with the post-war innovation of reliable technological means of birth control, our range of responses to our sexuality has expanded with bewildering rapidity: from medical ethics and religion to social morays, political and economic measures as well as art, philosophy and myth. All this social and technical change around two such basic issues as sexuality and death have made the past several decades ones of upheaval, experimentation and, above all, confusion. Inevitably, this has produced excitement, and joy with the new freedoms, as well as much pain, misunderstanding, loneliness and fear. Deep religious beliefs are challenged; families are divided; economic institutions are restructured and laws changed. The farthest reaches of sexual behavior, from avant-garde feminists’ “turkey-baster” insemination gatherings, homosexual bath-house cavortings and all forms of pornography and commercial exploitation have been explored. Sexuality has been explicated with such precision and clinical detail as to become banal and boring.
The new technical means or reproduction, from in vitro and in vivo fertilization to surrogate motherhood have changed the definition of parenthood, while the immortalists with cryogenic dreams of future lives, have joined the medical professionals in redefining death. For all these seasons, the ultimate issues are on top of the human agenda and we are forced to reconsider our most basic feelings: love and fear and the meaning of life itself. Not surpris1ngly, at this zenith of the industrial age, these deep existential questions reemerge in books, workshops, poetry, art and music and even in Madison Avenue consumer surveys.1. Will we take refuge from our fears by tightening our traditional bonds of family and romantic love? Or will we leap into the unknown — redefining love and relationship in this multi-cultural Age or Interdependence, as planetary citizenship and learn to celebrate our common bonds as members of the whole human family?
I believe that many of us will have no choice but to continue to explore the new .frontiers of relationship, rethink the biological imperatives of parenthood, territoriality and arrive at a new definition of family and humanity itself. National boundaries and identities are blending in the new global melting pot. Seven great globalization processes are steadily increasing our interdependence: 1.) the globalization of technology and production; 2.) of employment work, and migration; 3.) of militarization and the arms race; 4.) of pollution and environmental degradation; 5.) of finance, trade and debt; 6.) of consumption and culture. The seventh great globalization process is that or the re-alignment of nations and their domestic restructurings in responses to the above-mentioned six globalizations. Thus, these globalization processes are highly-interactive, dynamic, non-linear, irreversible and therefore accelerating. As I have outlined elsewhere,2. there are now three identifiable zones of this multidimensional planetary change: 1.) The Breakdown Zone, where national and institutional restructurings are occurring amid pollution, decay, cultural confusion and the breakdown of traditional knowledge paradigms; 2.) The Bifurcation Zone, where individuals, families and communities are trying to reposition themselves, reframe their values and career choices; and 3.) The Breakthrough Zone, where successful adjustments are occurring, old ideologies are giving way to new maps of the new social terrain, new criteria for success, new goals and new paradigms.
A key shift will entail a new view of love. Romantic love between men and women entered Western culture in 14th century Europe, and perhaps earlier in other cultures. Obviously, this well-worn form of dyadic, male-female relationship has served humanity well–providing for stable forms of child-rearing beyond the primeval tribe. However, today in many industrial and post-industrial societies this dyadic form is failing. Divorce is increasing and giving rise to ever-more single parent families (most often headed by women), as well as homosexual and lesbian couples and the growth of intentional living groups of unrelated individuals. The traditional Western ideal of finding “Mr. or Ms. Right” and settling down to lifelong monogamy has been fading since the sixties. As Margaret Mead noted when asked her view of marriage by a TV talk show host, “Marriage is wonderful. I have enjoyed all my marriages.” Mead’s view was of serial marriages: a “college marriage”; a .child-rearing marriage; a “fling” marriage; and finally a mature marriage for the declining years.
Traditional monogamous marriages do provide emotional security at the price of narrowed relational horizons, boredom and lack of educational stimulation. While many are said to be made in heaven, these traditional marriages also involve mutual-security and need-satisfaction and refuge from loneliness and risk-taking in the social arena. Often, if one partner experiences a spurt of growth, the relationship is threatened and can rupture, as many thousands of case studies have shown. Other stresses on dyads have come from the women’s movements in many countries, where traditional marriages have often proved to be breeding grounds of violence, incest and child-neglect—far from their former benign image.
Thus, in today’s massive globalization processes and social upheavals, it behooves us to examine new and extended expressions of love~ caring end relationship, as well as nurturance or both children and the increasing numbers of elderly adults. The biggest issue is that of redefining what we mean by “love”. Will it remain an almost exclusively dyadic term with its ubiquitous sexual and parental overtones? Or can its definition be broadened beyond the immediate family of whatever kind, so as to expand our abilities to care for each other in the new, global interdependent, mu1ti-cultura1 sense of the human family, as a whole?3. The exclusivity associated with love implies that it is a scarce commodity, and if bestowed too widely, it will be “watered down” and lead to shallowness of relationship, lack of commitment or promiscuity.
I believe that it is time to re-examine such assumptions. Firstly, it is not so much love that is scarce. In fact, many people in modern societies are suffering from frustration of their loving expressions, due to lack of social arrangements, alienation technologically-mediated isolation via TV, computer terminals, job settings, fast foods, high-rise, anonymous architecture, and in the West, the cults of individualism and competition. Certainly our time is limited by death, but we need not hoard our love or give it only to one other of the opposite sex and our .immediate family. In fact, when we view love as a scarce commodity, we find ourselves in a state of anxiety, fear of abandonment and jealousy. These attitudes, in turn, are rooted in a lack of self-love, into which we are often acculturated by education, religion or parental attitudes. Lack of self-love then inhibits our ability to love others and gives rise to fears of insufficiency, cravings, isolation, anger and violence, which in turn are exploited by advertisers and merchandisers.
Suppose that we change our premise and adopt the view that love is abundant and natural and that we have the ability to call it forth in ourselves and others by changing our attitudes. Such a shift may be occurring in both men and women, as human development proceeds and as women learn to be more social1y and economically autonomous and men learn to be more emotionally robust and nurturing of themselves and each other. In this way we are gradually moving beyond the purely pro-creative stage of sexually-focused love between men and women, as well as the recreationally-focused sex of the sixties and seventies and the “open marriage” fads of the era of “free love” with its lack of commitment and immaturity. Today, as futurist Barbara Marx Hubbard4. states, “this kind of sex has become disappointing, burdened as it is by excessive arousal via. advertising and unwarranted expectations.” Hubbard claims that the new stage is “supra-sex”, where creatively-aroused individuals freely join in groups to co-create evolutionary path for the whole human family. She believes that Nature is inventing this next level of sexuality by the joining not of genes, but, genius in the spontaneous couplings and groupings around creative expression and entrepreneurship, and we need to notice what’s working in these new forms~ such as the popular “intrapreneurship” within bureaucratic companies. The exuberance released in these new relationships is already expanding our ability to love more widely and more deeply—beyond the fears and jealousies of the exc1usive male-female dyadic relationship.
I believe that we humans must escape the prison of gender with its often immature baggage of romantic love, sex, rivalry and fear and learn the deeper lessons of unconditiona1love—the on1y love worthy of the name. This conscious effort to expand and exercise our capacities for loving and altruistic, cooperative behavior is now crucial if we are to survive in this Age of Interdependence. Pitirim Sorokin, the great sociologist and author of Social and Cultural Dynamics,5. outlined these challenges of developing altruistic behavior in his last book, The Ways and Powers of Love. Today individualism, greed and competition as the mainsprings of our social and economic life in much of the industrialized world are failing us and have run their course. A re-balancing toward our equal but unrewarded abilities to cooperate and build community is now vital for our social and individual health. We can no longer hope to “own” each other, or hang on to “entitlements” to love that are not freely and reciprocally given and continually renewed in loving, co-creative community. As change sweeps on through our societies, we are also learning to make our traditional, child-bearing marriage contracts-more reciprocal and flexible, sharing more fairly between the sexes the vital task of parenting~ as well as community volunteering, as I have outlined elsewhere.6.
In fact, caring is already a burgeoning new industry, with day care, medical services, home helpers, and counseling services, which has grown up almost by default. Today, parenting, caring for the elderly and infirm can no longer be an underpaid and devalued task shunted onto women or “low-status” social groups. Millions of women who used to provide these services free in the home have already moved into the job market to obtain recognition and income. Thus, the monetarizing of formerly unpaid caring work will continue to be the fastest growing services sector, even though, as I have detailed (see Fig 1.) this adds no “productivity” to the economy, but rather recognizes formerly unaccounted productivity which subsidized the official money-denominated, GNP-measured sector. Care-givers in society are increasingly vital and must be recognized and financially-rewarded, while volunteer work in the community must be viewed as an obligation of citizenship for both, men and women, as well as children. I have explored elsewhere7. the full dimensions of the unpaid “love economy”: all the caring, sharing, parenting, volunteering, bartering, reciprocity and mutual aid that buttresses the official GNP-measured sectors of all societies. Even in industrial societies this cooperative, altruistic economy usually represents 50% or more or all” the productive work performed. For example in the U.S.A. alone some 89 million citizens volunteer at least five hours per week, in all age groups and socio-economic brackets, for an equivalent money value of approximately $110 billion in 1985, according to the Gallup Survey of Princeton. New Jersey.
All that is required is to recognize all of our existing cooperation and altruism, ignored by economists since it is invisible to their models. Sociologists measure unpaid productivity by accounting for all productive hours worked whether paid or unpaid, and while in industrial countries, unpaid work accounts for some 50% or more, in traditional societies, the percentage is much larger.8. As this vast subsidy of unpaid, caring work is made visible we can take heart in this new view or our equally altruistic abilities, and as Riane Eisler reminds us in The Chalice and the Blade, we have well-demonstrated abilities to build societies based on partnership between the sexes, rather than domination.9. When unpaid, caring work is made visible and accounted for in law and custom as wel1 then the expansion of our altruistic capabilities becomes possible and measurable. The caregivers in society will be accorded high status and serve as role models for all and rewarded by recognition, media attention and emulation.
Thus we may begin to see how love was made artificially scarce by our social and economic arrangements (as have so many other commodities). We can then begin to relax our fears and jealousies, as well as our cravings and over-consumption of resources and polluting habits and begin to lead healthier, emotionally self-reliant lives. In this social milieu a new sense of genuine abundance can nurture human development and move us toward ending the battle of the sexes, as well as revitalizing our lives. In fact, living more fully in widening circles of creative, loving relationship can extend our life spans and make death less fearful. We have, at last, reached the stage of evolution when all of our individual self-interests are identical and altruism has become pragmatic.
1.) See for example, Advertising Age, “Welcome Home: Trend Experts point to the Neo-Traditional” Lenore Skenazy, May 16, 1988 p.38.
2.) Futures Research Quarterly, “Riding the Tiger of Change: The Three Zones of Transition” Hazel Henderson, Vol 2 #1,Spring, 1986
3.) See for example, Building a Global Civic Culture, Elise Boulding, Teachers College Press, Columbia University, N.Y. 1988
4.) Personal interview June 1988. Hubbard is the author of The Hunger of Eve. The Evolutionary Journey and other works, and a founder and director of the World Future Society, Washington, D.C.
5.) Pitirim Sorokin, Social and Cultural Dynamics (1937) Porter Sargent one-volume edition, Boston, Mass.1957, 2nd printing 1970 The Ways and Powers of Love was first published in 1957 and is out of print.
6.) Hazel Henderson, The Politics of the Solar Age, Chapter 13, “Coming Home,” Anchor Doubleday, New York, 1981
7.) REVISION, “Post-Economic Policies for Post-Industrial Societies” H. Henderson, Winter-Spring, 1984-1985, Helfreth Publishers, Washington, D.C.
8.) See for example, Oria Giarini, Dialogue on Wealth and Welfare, Pergamon Press, London, 1980
9.) Riane Eisler, The Chalice and the Blade, Harper & Row, N.Y. 1987. Lawyer and social scientists Eisler also pioneered. the development of flexible marriage contracts in her earlier book, Dissolution: No-Fault Divorce, Marriage and the Future of Women, McGraw Hill New York. 1977.
HAZEL HENDERSON, author of Building a Win-Win World and other books (www.hazelhenderson.com), co-created with the Calvert group of socially-responsible mutual funds, the Calvert-Henderson Quality of Life Indicators (updated at www.Calvert-Henderson.com). She created the financial TV series, Ethical Marketplace, premiering on Public Broadcasting stations in the USA in January, 2005. | <urn:uuid:f105895e-cebc-42ea-a9dc-1b20f2eba70c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hazelhenderson.com/toward-holistic-human-relationships-1988/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.945601 | 3,583 | 2.484375 | 2 |
- For other uses, see Corsair class.
Corsair-class vessels joined several Orion war fleets that launched attacks on a number of Federation starbases in 2409. (STO missions: "Fleet Alert", "Fleet Transport Defense", "Starbase Fleet Defense")
Several other Corsair-class ships were part of an Orion Syndicate fleet under the command of Hassan the Undying that fought and lost a major battle against an Alpha Quadrant military vessel and a motley assortment of pirate ships in orbit of Nimbus III. (STO mission: "The Undying")
Corsair-class vessels were more capable than the Dacoit-class and sometimes were refitted to improve them beyond even the capabilities of the Marauder-class. They were sometimes equipped with tachyon drones capable of draining enemy deflector shields, in lieu of conventional Orion interceptors. (ST video game: Star Trek Online)
|Starship classes of the Orions|
|By name||Brigand (cruiser) • Corsair (flight-deck cruiser) • Dacoit • Dwarfstar • Harmony • Lightning • Maraar • Marauder • Slavemaster • Suga • Wanderer • Warbarge|
|By type||Orion corvette • Orion interceptor • Orion marauder • Orion pirate ship • Orion raider • Orion scout ship • Orion slaver|
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Achievement Matters: Getting Your Child the Best Education
by Hugh B. Price.
A helpful resource for parents and caregivers by the president of
the National Urban League.
LC2717 .P7 2002
American Skin: Pop Culture, Big Business, and the End of
by Leon E. Wynter.
The transformation of American identity, driven by the commercial
E184.A1 W96 2002
The Anatomy of Racial Inequality
by Glenn C. Loury.
A study of racial stigma as a cause of social exclusion and economic
disadvantage among black Americans.
E185.615 .L675 2002
*Bad Boy: The Influence of Sean "Puffy" Combs on
the Music Industry
by Ronin Ro.
An account of friendship, greed, and betrayal.
ML420 .P9785 R6 2001
Bill Clinton and Black America
by DeWayne Wickham.
Professionals, politicians, and intellectuals explore the impact
of Clinton's presidency on African-Americans. Contributors include
Johnnie Cochran, Alvin Poussaint and Kweisi Mfume.
E886.2 .W53 2002
A Death in Texas: A Story of Race, Murder, and a Small Town's
Struggle for Redemption
by Dina Temple-Raston.
An account of the brutal 1998 murder of James Byrd Jr., the prosecution
of his killers, and the social and political aftermath for Jasper,
HV6534 .J363 T45 2002
*The Envy of the World: On Being A Black Man in America
by Ellis Cose.
Examines the state of black men at the start of the 21st century.
E185.86 .C58829 2002
"I'm Not a Racist, But
" The Moral Quandary
by Lawrence Blum.
One man's analysis.
HT1523 .B58 2002
LAbyrinth: A Detective Investigates the Murders of Tupac
Shakur and Notorious B.I.G., the Implication of Death Row Records'
Suge Knight, and the Origins of the Los Angeles Police Scandal
by Randall Sullivan.
HV6534 .L7 S848 2002
The Leadership Secrets of Colin Powell
by Oren Harari.
The wisdom and foundation of Powell's leadership style revealed.
HD57.7 .H365 2002
Legal Lynching: The Death Penalty and America's Future
by Rev. Jesse L. Jackson Sr., Representative Jesse L. Jackson Jr.,
and Bruce Shapiro.
The history, myths and realities of state-sponsored executions are
HV8699 .U5 J35 2001
The Miner's Canary: Enlisting Race, Resisting Power, Transforming
by Lani Guinier and Gerald Torres.
A new perspective on race and social change.
E184 .A1 G94 2002
The New Urban Leaders
by Joyce A. Ladner.
An innovative group of community activists are determined to improve
opportunities for the poor.
HT175 .L33 2001
*Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word
by Randall Kennedy.
E185.625 .K46 2002
Not Guilty: Twelve Black Men Speak Out on the Law, Justice
edited by Jabari Asim.
Essayists include E. Lynn Harris, Fred McKissack Jr. and Mark Anthony
HV9950 .N67 2001
*The Pact: Three Young Men Make a Promise and Fulfill a Dream
by Sampson Davis, George Jenkins, and Rameck Hunt.
An inspirational story of a supportive friendship leading to successful
R695 .D38 2002
Profiles in Injustice: Why Racial Profiling Cannot Work
by David A. Harris.
An analysis of its history, uses, and failure as a law enforcement
HV8141 .H298 2002
The Reckoning: What Blacks Owe to Each Other
by Randall Robinson.
The best-selling author of The Debt rallies financially secure black
Americans to help those who are less fortunate.
E185.86 .R73 2002
Talking at Trena's: Everyday Conversations at an African
by Reuben A. Buford May.
A cultural study of middle-class African Americans in the relaxed
setting of a Chicago tavern.
E185.625 .M35 2001 | <urn:uuid:1ce95a9c-63ae-4039-b5ce-dc6f926f4b5c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://bpl.org/research/AdultBooklists/blackis20031.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00375-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.726564 | 930 | 1.898438 | 2 |
|Special Educational Needs and Disability Bill [Lords]
Mr. Barnes: Should not even a probing amendment be tabled on the basis that its provisions could be put into the legislation? Such amendments should not simply arouse a discussion around the topic, although that is part of the reason for them. There should be some logic behind the proposals that are made.
Mr. Hayes: If I were a logical man, I would not be here. I would be earning a lot more money doing a flash job in the City. I hope that the Minister, my hon. Friend and the hon. Gentleman are here because we are men of courage, conscience and vision
The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Education and Employment (Jacqui Smith): And women.
Mr. Hayes: And women, yes. I was using the generic term, being neither a student nor a supporter of political correctness. I suspect that the hon. Gentleman knows very well, from his long experience on Standing Committees, that probing amendments are designed to enable proper and thorough debate of issues that otherwise would not be aired. The hon. Gentleman, with his great experience and wisdom, may have made that point tongue in cheekI will put it no more strongly than that.
That brings me to my concerns about resources. Such concerns were aired extensively on Second Reading, and I do not want to repeat what was said then. They were also explored in the debate in the other place, and I particularly note the contribution to that debate made by Lord Ashley of Stoke, who, in moving an amendment, mentioned that the Royal National Institute for Deaf People had sent him some striking examples of unreasonable fears about children being included and resources being inadequate. He referred to teachers who refuse to wear neck loop microphones with a deaf child in the class, preventing that child from taking part in normal teaching and learning.
There are many examples that one could use to support our concern about resources. They centre on physical difficulties, such as the case I just mentioned, and on the problem of access, with which we are all familiar. The provision of appropriate information technology is also an issue, and I welcome the Government's commitment to that.
However, the concerns also centre on the skilling and support of teachers, because that builds the confidence of teachers in mainstream schools and allows them frequently to adapt their skills to educate children with particular needs. That matter has not received the judgment or the attention that it deserves from any Government since we began seriously to bring children into mainstream education, post-Warnock and after the Education Act 1981. It is not sufficient to say to a teacher, ``There's another child in the class, they have a statement, do your best for them.''
The particular needs of certain children must be considered most seriously. Those needs are not always straightforward. In the context of disability, we tend to envisage people with spinal injuries or with a permanent or visible disability, but when a teacher is dealing with different types of learning difficulty and physical impairment, the needs are complex, subtle and often changing. Teachers need to be skilled and supported so that they can identify those needs, have empathy with them and adapt their teaching styles and the learning process to deal with them properly. They must be able to support children with those needs.
Mr. Boswell: I am sensitive to my hon. Friend's points. Does he agree that it is crucial that teachers are provided with proper training in the induction process, because when children move from the more protected environment of a special school to a mainstream setting they may experience initial problems from which they never recover?
Mr. Hayes: My hon. Friend is right. History shows that children who are integrated into mainstream schools from special schools and have a bad experience in the first few weeks or months often end up returning to special education and never get back into the mainstream.
The induction process is critical, as is the age of the child. The Committee will remember that the Office for Standards in Education report that was referred to earlier in proceedings specifically dealt with the issue of children going from the primary sector into the secondary sector, and the difficulties that children without special educational needs often experienceparticularly boys, according to the reportat that stage of their education. If a special educational need is added to that cocktail, there is the potential for a poisonous experience that will damage the child, and perhaps also deter teachers from dealing with future challenges regarding children with special needs.
We must support our teachers. That is the other reason why I am concerned about the issue of
New clause 1 brings me to the issue of dynamic special needs, which was not debated at great length in the Lords, and has not coloured our consideration of the Bill thus far. I am joint chairman of the all-party disablement group, and I should like to put on the record the fact that it does not share all my concerns about this issue. We have discussed it, and my views are not shared by the majority of members. I am also secretary of the all-party group on acquired brain injurya subject in which I have taken an interest since I came to this House and before. The needs of a child who suffers from an acquired disability, and therefore acquired special educational need, can change dramatically during the course of his or her education.
Picture a child who is injured in an accident and who has been part of a mainstream school where he was making strong educational progress. At the age of 10, 11 or 12 he is suddenly disabled with a brain injury, and immediately he has very different educational needs, which are likely to be changing and dynamic but also subtle. He might have problems of concentration, temperament or unsuitable social behaviour, and it is difficult for a teacher, a parent or anyone associated with that individual to cope with and to understand those problems. His needs will change. For some of the time it may be in the interest of the child to be educated outside mainstream education. Later, he may return to his original school, if he has not by that stage moved into the age range for secondary school.
We should ensure that the Bill takes account of such dynamic special needs. Historically, our handling of that area of special needs education has not been a great success. There has not been sufficient flexibility to allow movement from the mainstream into special education and out again. Although that is fine for an unchanging needtypically, a physical disability such as the spinal injury which, once dealt with medically, establishes a need that does not alter a great deal over timeit is not suitable for the dynamic need associated with, for example, an acquired brain injury.
It is critical that agencies work together. All those involved need a co-ordinated and coherent approach in order to create the best possible opportunity for that child, and subsequently for that person as a young adult. I have put it in anonymous terms, but through my work in this field I have known many children and young people who have been through that experience.
Existing legislation does not go far enough, and the Bill does not deal adequately with that issue. I believe that most of those associated with special educational needs outside Parliament would agree with much of what I have said. I hope that new clause 1 will stimulate and encourage co-operation and communication such as I have briefly tried to outline.
I did not mention Ovid or Horace, but I may do so later, as I was reading about them during our long lunch break. I hope that the amendments are acceptable to the Government, as they are largely if not wholly constructive. They are not meant to damage or ruin the Bill; they are designed to improve and build on it. We have a sharp and genuine disagreement on amendment No. 1, but it is a disagreement about a common objective. That objective is to allow all children, regardless of where they start, the opportunity to achieve their potential. That is where we stand. I hope that the Committee will support the amendments.
Mr. Levitt: The hon. Member for South Holland and The Deepings started by saying that he would be brief. I am glad that he was; he has taken almost three quarters of an hour. I shall be considerably briefer. Indeed, I am prompted to speak only because I wanted to comment on three matters mentioned by the hon. Gentleman, and if I had tried to intervene, Mr. O'Brien, you might have got bored with meand my spine might have taken quite a battering.
The hon. Gentleman mentioned the importance of skilling mainstream teachers for special needs. He was absolutely right, and I am sure that all hon. Members agree. However, he implied that it was not already happening, but it is. I bring fraternal greetings to the Committee from my mother. Until recently, she was a governor of Horton Lodge special school in Staffordshire. Coincidentally, since she ceased to chair the governing body, that school has received an excellence award and has been given beacon status because of its work in making its skills and training available to teachers dealing with special needs children in mainstream schools. I am sure that the Committee will want to commend the schooland the Department for recognising it and giving the school beacon status.
The hon. Gentleman and other Opposition Members seemed to imply that judgments would have to be made outside the school environment. Indeed, it was conceded on Second Reading that local education authorities would have a role to play in assessing the various demands. I commend them for that, but I am intrigued because the previous Tory Government passed legislation that made it unnecessary to have a local education authority. The fact that every LEA survived that change in legislation shows that the Tories were wrong; I am pleased that they have come back to the cause of LEAs.
I do not support the amendment, but I shall speak positively about the remarks of the hon. Member for South Holland and The Deepings on the proper role of special educational schools. I refer in particular to the special education of profoundly deaf children. I know the hon. Gentleman has great empathy with that group of children. Education authorities and the Department for Education and Employment will have real problems dealing with informed parental choiceI put it no stronger than that.
It is simply not good enough to leave parents to choose without knowing the full consequences and implications of what they are doingfor instance, parents who are profoundly deaf and use sign language and have a profoundly deaf child. It would be legitimate for that family to choose for the child to be brought up within a sign-language environment. That may not be the right environment for other profoundly deaf children, or for children with a lesser degree of hearing impairment. However, parents should have the opportunity to choose a sign language environment. I believe--my belief is not wholly shared across the special needs spectrumthat a child who can develop one language will be much better at picking up a second. If sign language is the natural language for that child, it should at least be given a chance to flourish before the introduction of written English.
|©Parliamentary copyright 2001||Prepared 27 March 2001| | <urn:uuid:662ab4f2-2963-48f3-9e07-2d05b857f7e6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200001/cmstand/b/st010327/pm/10327s02.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00151-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980355 | 2,245 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Psychology is a science, and besides being located in the Black Science building along with other sciences, it has the defining feature of trying to measure the reality of the mind. Now I understand that using the term “reality” is in many ways one of the fastest routes to subjectivity and out of science. The chemist and logician C.S. Peirce (life long friend of William James), defined reality as, “that which is indepentant of opinion” and thus psychology wishes to understand, independant of opinion, the mind. So how do the students of psychology, those who wish to understand the reality of the mind, engauge their field? With research. Now there are many ways in which research can be done, some of which are better than others. Unfortunately, much of the research done in our psychology department is survey based, which is one of the least useful forms of research. Even students who have not taken research methods but only intro or social psychology will quickly recall how unreilabile it is to base research on opinions, beliefs, attitudes, or any of the other words that are use (though not all that clearly definited) to discribe the behavior of the mind. If you’re like me, you read about the new science building in last month’s Spartan and while I understand that there are many sciences at Castleton who deserve new resourses, it would be incongruous not to set aside a portion for psychology. Having a psychology lab with equipment such an EEG machine would allow psychology students the ability run numorus studies what would provide much greater validity and reliabilty than even the best survey research could hope to provide. Such a lab would surely be a reason for students to choose Castleton, and would also provided a strong background for those wishing to enter graduate training. Remember psychology is a science, not a style of writing, and it should be given the nessasary tools to do so. | <urn:uuid:e8e547c6-c671-44d4-8c96-abc94a8c9c96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.castletonspartan.com/2006/05/03/the-psychology-department-deserves-a-lab/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.961476 | 406 | 2.828125 | 3 |
* French nuclear fleet restricted, causing tight supply
* Prices up across Europe’s medium-, long-term curve
* Germany, others to plug gaps, see their prices rise
* Problems increase importance of winter weather
By Vera Eckert and Oleg Vukmanovic
FRANKFURT/MILAN, Oct 27 (Reuters) - Deepening setbacks to France’s nuclear reactors have shaken confidence in Europe’s wholesale electricity markets as traders push winter prices to new highs in anticipation of fresh outages and tight supply.
The month-long rally intensified this week after French nuclear safety watchdog ASN warned its sprawling probe into forged quality control reports on reactor parts would turn up more irregularities. .
This leaves traders guessing as to how many more reactors could be shut.
The scale of forced closures in nuclear power-reliant France - 19 reactors offline and 12 more due to shut - is the biggest since the Fukushima disaster in 2011 crippled Japan’s entire nuclear sector.
It has driven mid-term prices higher and posed questions about the sustainability of long-term supply in Europe as France drains surrounding countries’ output via five large power interconnectors.
“Overall, I would expect a tight fourth quarter where high prices will stay in place, especially if the weather is cold,” said Giacomo Masato, research analyst at brokerage Marex Spectron.
However, he tied price moves to weather patterns, as long cold periods amplify demand whereas wind and sunshine levels play a big role in deciding supply availability from renewable plants.
“Weather, both wind generation and electricity demand, will determine the scale of the impact but the market is currently pricing in the risk of a cold or average winter,” said James Cox of consultancy Poyry.
Traders said other fuels that interact with power such as coal, oil, gas and EU carbon emissions respond to different drivers and were only partially bullish because of the French nuclear situation.
“Panic plays a great role today but the question is how many people are really still short,” said a German trader. “Maybe the rallies were exaggerated and will collapse when the winter weather turns out warmer.”
But concerns are adding up.
On Tuesday, a delayed restart at the Civaux-2, Dampiere-3 and Gravelines-2 plants added to nervousness as much as a French government decision to maintain a mechanism under which main utility EDF must sell supply cheaply to rivals.
Apart from facilitating speculative re-selling into the tight market, this also stirs more demand. “EDF is in the market to buy to supply to others,” one trader said.
In addition, there have been more irregularities detected at EDF reactor Gravelines 5.
French wholesale 2017 power prices hit a contract high of 45.6 euros per megawatt hour (MWh) on Thursday amid gains on coming weeks and months.
“Would France stop all the faulty nuclear plants in case it means shutting down factories in the country and have people freezing?” asked one trader.
Prices in Europe’s largest power supplier Germany with its vast installed renewable capacities are also rallying.
Its 33 gigawatt coal capacity can also be revved up to help when other markets are short, thanks to a high level of interconnection.
German Year Ahead power hit a two-year high of 33.65 euros. (additional reporting by Bate Felix in Paris, editing by William Hardy) | <urn:uuid:5bef6b71-73a2-458a-b3e7-e1a62502c4e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reuters.com/article/france-nuclear-market-idUSL8N1CX395?feedType=RSS&feedName=rbssEnergyNews&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A%20reuters%2FUSenergyNews%20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.944612 | 727 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Hacker Finds PDF Exploits
In Britain a security investigator has found a way to modify Adobe PDF (Portable Document Format) that can be applied for accessing PCs clandestinely. David Kierznowski, the specialist who detected the weakness, has established the proof-of-concept method to change PDF files to display the weaknesses in Acrobat Reader package, which could strike computers automatically.
"I don't actually believe these assaults to be flaws in Adobe, rather it's actually the result of exploiting those features endorsed by the product but were never intended for this. However, it is evident that any malevolent program [can] be started," alleged Kierznowski.
The primary variation of this illegal access entails appending a malware connection to a PDF file. The web browser starts mechanically & transfers the link once the affected PDF file is exhibited.
The next variation uses Adobe Database Connectivity (ADBC) & the back up aspect of net services supposedly capable of tapping totally repaired Adobe Professional package. The investigator has affirmed of nearly 7 other flaws that can be misused by a cyberpunk.
"The attack infiltrates Windows ODBC (on local server), notes existing information and then dispatches this data to 'local server' using the Internet. This strike could be extended to execute real file scrutiny. Envision hackers reaching your personal infos thru an end user's browser. Using a little extra innovation, still easier and/or more progressive strikes could be designed," he stated, observing that Adobe Acrobat endorses the utilization of "HTML variants" and "File system access code."
Proper investigations have been guaranteed by Adobe about this matter. "In case Adobe corroborates that a weakness may impact any of our wares, particulars of the security flaw and a suitable resolution shall be certified and issued," as per the company's announcement made in eWEEK.
Dynamic manipulation methods like buffer spills are getting increasingly hard to locate. The prospect of manipulation exists in Net applications and just fakes the Computer user's to execute a specific task, successfully infiltrating their system,"
Reasserting a tendency that comprehends Microsoft Office programs -- Word, PowerPoint, Excel, -- employed in zero-day assaults, Kierznowski envisions a prospect of guest-side cyber attack that increases service utility.
Related article: Hacker & Virus in MySpace
» SPAMfighter News - 25-09-2006 | <urn:uuid:bfb4cfd7-6428-4cea-8750-56f573923432> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.spamfighter.com/News-6399-Hacker-Finds-PDF-Exploits.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00454-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897043 | 488 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Modern Logo implementation available through Turtle Art website
This is wonderful for several reasons. So great to see a new version of Logo available that runs in a browser. So really great to see something new from Brian Silverman, one of the smartest people I’ve ever met. Brian has taught me a lot about education and computing, and he does wonderful work. Thanks to Gary Stager for pointing me to this.
I’ve been teaching a lot of Logo lately, particularly a relatively new version called Turtle Art. Turtle Art is a real throwback to the days of one turtle focused on turtle geometry, but the interface has been simplified to allow block-based programming and the images resulting from mathematical ideas can be quite beautiful works of art. you can see some examples in the image gallery at Turtleart.org. Turtle Art was created by Brian Silverman, Artemis Papert (Seymour’s daughter), and their friend Paula Bonta. Turtle Art itself is a work of art that allows learners of all ages to begin programming, creating, solving problems, and engaging in hard fun within seconds of seeing it for the first time. Since an MIT undergraduate in the late 1970s, Brian Silverman has made Papert’s ideas live in products that often exceeded Papert’s expectations. | <urn:uuid:b0c6c25f-19bc-44a6-a72b-28674599ff79> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://computinged.wordpress.com/2013/11/23/logo-available-through-turtle-art-website/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952099 | 268 | 2.015625 | 2 |
What is Image Processing?
The world is defined with images and, every image has its different specialties. An image can contain much-needed information that can be helpful in various ways.
The process by which we can obtain the information of an image is known as Image Processing.
In today's scenario, Image processing has a broad range of applications in various fields. Image processing enables us to manipulate and transform lots of images at a single time to obtain useful information from them.
For image processing, One of the popularly utilized programming languages is Python. Python includes very effective libraries and tools which help in obtaining the information of images in image processing.
The most popular image processing libraries used are:
OpenCV, Python Imaging Library (PIL)/Pillow, Scikit-image, Numpy, Mahotas.
scikit-image is a Python package that is assigned for image processing in Python and it uses NumPy arrays. For image processing, it is a set of algorithms.
scikit-image is used for various image processing tasks and it also works with Numpy and SciPy in Python image processing.
Here, we will discuss various useful techniques for image processing using scikit-image.
Features of scikit-image
- It is a very simple and light image processing tool.
- it is built above NumPy, matplotlib and, SciPy.
- Everyone can access and reuse it.
- It is open-source and industrially usable - BSD license.
We have to install Numpy and SciPy before installing scikit-image. it can be easily installed using pip.
pip install –U scikit-image
Importing images in Python using skimage is the very first step in image processing using scikit-image.
The image is stored in form of numbers when it is read using scikit-image. The numbers are defined as pixels and also intensity of the image is defined by using these numbers.
fromskimage import data camera = data.camera() # An image with 512 rows # and 512 columns type(camera) print(camera.shape)
numpy.ndarray (512, 512)
The data module consists of various sample images in the scikit-image package. here, we can import an image to work with some image operations. for an instance, we always don't need to import images externally we can load images from which provided by the package.
# Python3 program to process # images using skikit-image importos # importing io from skimage importskimage fromskimage import io # way to load image from file file = os.path.join(skimage.data_dir, 'astro.jpg') cars = io.imread(file) # way to show the input image io.imshow(astro) io.show()
Read Images from the System
We can read images from the system with the imread function.
importmatplotlib.pyplot as plt %matplotlib inline image = imread('car.jpg') imshow()
With the imread function, we can use the as_gray parameter to reading images in grayscale mode. we just need to set the as_gray parameter to true.
from skimage.io import imread, imshow importmatplotlib.pyplot as plt %matplotlib inline image_gray = imread('images.jpeg', as_gray=True) imshow(image_gray)
Note: The image can be viewed with imshow function but the image is stored in the form of numbers matrix.
image_gray = imread('images.jpeg', as_gray=True) print(image_gray.shape) print(image_gray)
(258, 195) [[0.73586314 0.77115725 0.7907651 ... 0.11822745 0.11822745 0.11430588] [0.65743176 0.70056902 0.72017686 ... 0.11822745 0.11430588 0.11430588] [0.41401176 0.45714902 0.48067843 ... 0.11430588 0.11430588 0.11038431] ... [0.73491725 0.73491725 0.73491725 ... 0.42055725 0.42055725 0.42055725] [0.72594314 0.72986471 0.72986471 ... 0.41750667 0.41750667 0.41750667] [0.72594314 0.72986471 0.72986471 ... 0.41750667 0.41750667 0.41750667]]
Changing the format of the image
We can convert the format of an image into any other format. like, if we want to convert the image format from RGB to HSV we have to use rgb2hsv.
fromskimage.color import rgb2hsv img = imread('images.jpeg') img_new = rgb2hsv(img) plt.subplot(121), imshow(img) plt.title('RGB Format') plt.subplot(122), imshow(img_new) plt.title('HSV Format') plt.show()
We can also resize the images using resize function in scikit-image by giving the required dimensions of the new image to the input image.
fromskimage.transform import resize img = imread('city.jpeg') #resize image img_resized = resize(img, (300, 300)) #plot images plt.subplot(121), imshow(img) plt.title('Original Image') plt.subplot(122), imshow(img_resized) plt.title('Resized Image') plt.show()
Rotating an image
The rotate() function is used to resizing the images by defining the required angle to the image.
fromskimage.transform import rotate image = imread('car.png') image_rotated = rotate(image, angle=45) imshow(image_rotated)
Changing the Image Brightness
The adjust_gamma()function is used to alter the brightness of the image and the method used by this function is called gamma correlation.
Here, for darker images, gamma should greater than 1, and for brighter images, gamma should less than 1.
fromskimage import exposure #adjusting brightness image = imread('basket.jpeg') image_bright = exposure.adjust_gamma(image, gamma=0.5,gain=1) image_dark = exposure.adjust_gamma(image, gamma=1.5,gain=1) # plotting images plt.subplot(131), imshow(image) plt.title('Original Image') plt.subplot(132),imshow(image_bright) plt.title('Bright Image') plt.subplot(133),imshow(image_dark) plt.title('Dark Image') plt.show()
In this article, you have seen the different image processing methods in Python scikit-image library. Now, you can easily perform the image processing techniques with scikit-image. | <urn:uuid:f66a98e2-a5c3-4a3c-9c7f-1c3c928e3558> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tutorialandexample.com/python-scikit-image-image-processing-using-scikit-image | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.702598 | 1,653 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Biotic Interactions in Deep Time
The project is led by Devapriya Chattopadhyay (IISER Pune, Department of Earth and Climate Science)
and Aleksandra Skawina (University of Warsaw)
Biotic interaction plays an important role in the evolution of groups through time.
The biotic interaction plays an important role in the evolution of groups through time. Organism-level associations or characteristic traces are the only direct evidence of biotic interactions in deep time. The available databases of fossil occurrences do not allow interaction data to be fully registered or exploited. Such data are reported in a non-standardized way for different organismal groups and time-slices, further limiting such databases to reach their full potential.
Objectives – A collaborative initiative to develop a standardized database is needed to close this existing gap. We plan to involve an international collaboration of researchers, institutions and paleontological communities from around the world to design and contribute to this database. The primary objective of the planned workshops is to develop a standardized way to report ancient biotic interactions, including the protocols to collect, evaluate and share such data, and systematically tabulate the available interaction data sheets, which can be merged into a new database structure. Such a database will allow researchers to quantitatively evaluate the relative role of abiotic and biotic drivers of evolution through time. It will also contribute to conservation efforts by predicting future chances in biotic interactions in relationship with diversity and climatic fluctuations based on a reliable deep-time record of biotic interaction.
Paula Dentzien-Dias (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil), Kenneth De Baets (University of Warsaw), John Warren Huntley (University of Missouri, Columbia), Adam Kocsis (FAU), Conrad Labandeira (NMNH, Smithsonian Institution), Lee Hsiang Liow (Natural History Museum, University of Oslo), Elizabeth Petsios (Baylor University) | <urn:uuid:ccf0f576-5349-4a7a-af36-c822abec6cf1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.paleosynthesis.nat.fau.de/index.php/bite/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.889816 | 401 | 2.328125 | 2 |
[alsa-devel] Noisy audio - ALSA Configuration
m-iovescu1 at ti.com
Thu Aug 16 19:36:53 CEST 2007
Thanks. I wanted to avoid short writes as I thought that they may be the
cause of the noise I have in my audio.
What may be other reasons I get bad quality audio?
From: Clemens Ladisch [mailto:cladisch at fastmail.net]
Sent: Thursday, August 16, 2007 2:06 AM
To: Iovescu, Magdalena; alsa-devel at alsa-project.org
Subject: Re: [alsa-devel] Noisy audio - ALSA Configuration
Iovescu, Magdalena wrote:
> Does anyone have examples or documentation on how to configure
> frames and buffers for various sample rates?
Frames don't need configuration; they are dependent on the sample format
only. In your case (S16_LE, 2 channels), one frame = four bytes.
The buffer size determines latency. Low latency is only important when
the audio data is generated from user input in real time; when you can
read (and decode) ahead, you should better use a rather large buffer to
reduce the possibility of underruns.
Periods aren't that important. A period is the interval between two
interrupts, so it might be better to have more small periods than fewer
large ones (unless the interrupt overhead gets too high) so that your
application can get woken up more often, but there isn't much difference
> [...] With a buffer this big, I do not get underruns, but all the
> writes are short writes. I have not been able to find the right
> configuration to avoid short writes,
Short writes happen where there is less free space in the buffer than
you are trying to write. This is the normal case, there's nothing wrong
with that. Is there a reason why you want to avoid them?
More information about the Alsa-devel | <urn:uuid:7f3b4e45-2386-4c07-8bff-6fbf3c5dd84f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mailman.alsa-project.org/pipermail/alsa-devel/2007-August/002573.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00341-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902597 | 436 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Rich Miller and Shobhana Chandra
Saturday, Oct 4, 2008
The U.S. may be heading for its worst recession in at least a quarter century as the credit crisis forces employers across the country to cut workers and ratchet back spending.
Labor Department figures showed yesterday that payrolls fell by 159,000 in September, the biggest reduction in five years. While the unemployment rate held at 6.1 percent, that’s up from 5 percent as recently as April. Some economists, including Goldman Sachs Group Inc.’s Jan Hatzius, said it rise as high as 8 percent as the credit crunch hammers consumers and companies.
“We’re in this self-reinforcing negative cycle,” said Mark Zandi, chief economist at the West Chester, Pennsylvania-based Moody’s Economy.com. “It’s going to be a very significant recession.”
(Article continues below)
That’s bad news for Republican presidential candidate John McCain as the campaign enters its final month. The jobless rate has only risen twice in the year leading up to elections since World War II and in each case the party in power lost.
“Voters praise or blame the incumbent party in the White House for the economy,” said Ray Fair, a professor at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. “Rising unemployment is a negative for McCain.”
- A d v e r t i s e m e n t
A computer model Fair has developed to forecast the election based on the economy shows the 72-year-old Arizona senator losing to his Democratic rival, Senator Barack Obama, 47, on Nov. 4. | <urn:uuid:c69393d8-12cd-481f-bf10-85cbcd7d5323> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.prisonplanet.com/job-losses-pushing-us-economy-into-significant-recession.html/print/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00566-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952755 | 354 | 1.953125 | 2 |
اثر بیمه سلامت Seguro محبوب مکزیک بیمه در مرگ و میر نوزادان: برآورد با انتخاب روی متغیر نتیجه
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|25947||2014||12 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||محاسبه نشده|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : World Development, Volume 59, July 2014, Pages 475–486
This paper estimates the effects of Mexico’s Seguro Popular health insurance on infant mortality during its first 5 years of implementation. It uses data on births reported in the micro sample from Mexico’s 2010 general population census. However, births of surviving children are more likely to be observed than births of non-surviving ones. This selection on the outcome variable is addressed using the weighted exogenous sampling maximum likelihood (WESML) estimator, originally developed for the case of choice-based samples. The results indicate that the program can be expected to reduce Mexico’s infant mortality by close to 5 out of 1,000 births.
The provision of basic health services to the entire population has become an increasingly important policy issue in many middle-income countries, and especially in Latin America. Some countries have opted for a single payer system with direct provision of health services by the government, most notably Brazil which started to introduce its Unified Health System (SUS) in the later 1980s (Paim, Travassos, Almeida, Bahia, & Macinko, 2011). Many other countries, however, have opted for an insurance model that separates the provision of health services from payment, for example Colombia (Giedion et al., 2010), Costa Rica (Cercone, Etoile, Pacheco-Jimenes, & Briceno, 2010) or Peru (Bitrán, Muñoz, & Prieto, 2010). The present paper analyzes the effect of one such program, the Seguro Popular health insurance in Mexico, on one of the most important public health outcomes, infant mortality. Exploiting variations in the program’s lengthly roll-out, it will be shown that it had a significant impact on reducing neonatal and infant mortality. Moreover, coverage during pregnancy is a more important factor than coverage at birth. The analysis uses individual level survey data, which, as is often the case, suffers from potentially severe bias due to selection on the outcome variable. Not only are complete data for non-surviving children more likely to be missing, but data are only available on a mother’s last live birth. Both aspects result in a higher probability that the birth of a surviving child forms part of the sample than that of a non-surviving one. Such selection on the dependent variable is a fairly common, but often ignored, problem when working with survey based mortality data. This problem is addressed by using a simple correction method first proposed by Manski and Lerman (1977) for the case of choice-based sampling. The paper’s main contributions are twofold. Firstly, it is to my knowledge the first study that applies choice-based sampling techniques to the estimation of mortality risk to address the selection on the outcome problem. It is fairly common for survey data to only collect detailed information on a woman’s last birth. As will be discussed in more detail below, this, by construction, under-samples births of non-surviving children. If survival is the outcome of interest, this induces selection on the dependent variable. The proposed method should therefore be of great use for future research. The second contribution is that it is also the first paper to rigorously estimate the impact of Seguro Popular on measures of infant mortality, showing that the program had a large and statistically significant effect on its reduction. As discussed below, the literature on national health care systems in low- and middle-income countries has still not produced conclusive evidence that greater coverage leads to improved health outcomes. Either because of insufficient data quality or because many measurable health outcomes, especially for the adult population, are slow moving targets that do not change significantly within the time frame usually available to conduct an impact evaluation. By focusing on infant mortality, which can be expected to respond quickly to health care improvements, this study gets around the latter pitfall. However, being a rare event, this outcome also requires a very large data set in order to make statistically meaningful inferences. The choice-based sampling correction makes it possible to use micro data from Mexico’s decennial census, which provide a very large sample of births (>700,000) in the country over a five-year period (2004–09). The effects of universal health insurance for low-income populations in developing countries have been studied by Economics and Public Health. One focus of the former has been on the incentives to pursue formal vs. informal sector employment. Results find either no statistically significant effect or a relatively small shift toward informality ( Azuara and Marinescu, 2010, Barros, 2008, Bosch and Campos-Vázquez, 2010, Camacho et al., 2010, Martínez and Aguilera, 2010 and Levy, 2008). In the Public Health literature, three principal questions stand out ( Giedion & Díaz, 2010): The impact of health insurance on (i) access to and use of health services, (ii) financial protection (avoiding catastrophic expenditures), and (iii) health outcomes. After systematically reviewing 49 quantitative studies, Giedion and Díaz (2010) find that most studies find positive impacts on the first two outcomes, but no conclusive evidence on the third. This last point deserves some special attention. Giedion and Díaz (2010) discuss various studies that attribute the lack of conclusive results on health outcomes on a lack of appropriate data. Scott and Aguilera (2010) point out that it is impossible to estimate the effects of a fairly recently established program on long-term health outcomes. A similar point is made by Victoria and Peters (2009). In particular, Giedion, Díaz, Alfonso, and Savedoff (2009), studying the case of the Colombian health insurance, are not able to find any significant impact of access to health care on child survival. The authors use three rounds of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data, comparing simple means between treatment and control observations and applying propensity score matching (PSM), and attribute their non-finding principally to data limitations. Other studies limit themselves to simple before–after comparisons. For example, several authors (Baptista-Menezes et al., 2005, Barros et al., 2005 and Barros et al., 2008) have argued that the observed decline in child mortality in the southern Brazilian city of Pelotas can be attributed to the introduction of universal health care in the country in the late 1980s, and the subsequent improvement in services. The dataset analyzed contains information on close to all births in the city in 1982, 1993, and 2004, but does not allow for a distinction between treatment and control observations. Using vital statistics at the municipal level, Victoria et al. (2011) find that a higher coverage of Brazil’s Family Health Program (PSF)1 is associated with a reduced gap in the incidence of infant mortality between the richest and poorest income quintiles. Cercone et al. (2010) report that the insured population in Costa Rica have a better self-perceived health status than their uninsured counterpart. To my knowledge the only other paper that finds a positively significant effect of access to health insurance on the health of newborns in a middle-income country by employing robust identification techniques is Camacho and Conover (2013). The authors analyze data from a single metropolitan area in Colombia, using a regression discontinuity around the eligibility threshold. Their estimates show that the program significantly reduced the incidence of a low birth weight and increased the Apgar score. Concerning other health outcomes, Barros (2008) finds that Seguro Popular did not improve the incidence of hypertension nor self-reported health status. A lack of improvements in health outcomes is also the result in Duval-Hernández and Smith-Ramírez (2011), who conclude that the program’s costs are therefore not justified. During the early implementation of Seguro Popular, King et al. (2009) conducted an assessment of the program over a 10 month period in 2005–06 by randomizing roll-out between 74 matched pairs of “health clusters” (based on access to health facilities). No significant effect on health outcomes was found. Using data for 2002–04, Knox (2008) does not find any significant effect on self-reported health status or the ability to perform activities of daily living. However, Ruvalcaba and Parker (2010) find that while Seguro Popular does not reduce the incidence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, it did have a significant effect on the reduction in cholesterol, and, in some case, high blood pressure. Likewise, Bleich, Cutler, Adams, Lozano, and Murray (2007) finds, employing propensity score matching methods, that the program significantly reduced hypertension. With respect to access and financial protection, Barros (2008) finds that Seguro Popular decreased beneficiaries out of pocket expenses on health services. Similarly, Grogger, Arnold, León, Ome, and Triyana (2010) also find that the program did reduce household expenditures on health, but differently in urban and rural areas. Whereas in the former the reduction is mostly due to savings on prescription drugs, in the latter the results are driven by fewer expenses on catastrophic events. Knox (2008) reports that it had a positive impact on health care utilization, but not on spending. A few studies have looked at Seguro Popular’s impact on the availability, and use of, particular interventions known to reduce mortality risks. A commissioned process evaluation (Muñoz Hernández, Cortes-Gallo, Pérez-Cuevas, Jasso-Gutiérrez, & Walsh, 2010) focuses on the available care for premature births at providers accredited by Seguro Popular, and also provides some general estimates on neonatal mortality in Mexico. Sosa-Rubi, Galarraga, and Harris (2009) find that the program increased the proportions of babies delivered at Seguro Popular accredited clinics, reducing such deliveries at non-accredited private and public clinics. In a purely descriptive exercise, Gakidou et al. (2006) reports that the implementation of Seguro Popular has resulted in a reduction in catastrophic health expenditures for the now covered population, as well as, an increase in the use of health services. The program also resulted in more equitable public expenditures on heath and effective coverage across states and income groups. Similarly, Knaul et al. (2006) show descriptive data that indicate a decline in the incidence of catastrophic health expenditures in Mexico after the introduction of Seguro Popular. In the aforementioned randomized assessment by King et al. (2009), a significant reduction in general and catastrophic health spending by poor households is reported. However, the study finds no evidence for reduced spending on medication, nor increased utilization of health services. For outcomes in countries other than Mexico, Cercone et al. (2010) finds no significant difference in utilization of health services or expenditures between the insured and uninsured population in Costa Rica. This result may, however, be an artifact of the country’s policy to provide emergency health services to the uninsured free of charge. More in line with the rest of the literature, Bitrán et al. (2010) report that the population insured by Peru’s Integral Health Insurance (SIS) utilize a variety of health services more often and have much lower levels of out-of-pocket expenditures than the uninsured. Giedion et al. (2009) also find a higher rate of health service utilization for the insured under Colombia’s subsidized regime. For the case of Brazil, Barros et al. (2008) reports that more than 80% of child births were paid for by the SUS in 2004. This paper has five sections. The next one explains in greater detail the Seguro Popular program and puts it into the Mexican context. Section 3 discusses the data and empirical strategy. It also provides a detailed discussion on the choice-based sampling estimator used. Section 4 presents the result, including robustness checks, and Section 5 concludes.
نتیجه گیری انگلیسی
Evaluating the impact of access to medical services on health outcomes can be difficult in the short run, as, at least for adults, many such outcomes only change slowly over time. It is, therefore, a promising exercise to focus on impacts early in life. Not only would one expect a more direct effect, but outcomes such as child mortality are also among the most important public health targets. The main problem one encounters is finding sufficiently granular data that allow for the clear identification on a relatively rare outcome, all the more because detailed mortality statistics are usually not available at the local level. This paper assessed the effect of Mexico’s non-contributory health insurance Seguro Popular on infant mortality over the first 5 years of program roll-out, using mothers’ self-reported mortalities from the country’s 2010 census micro data. This provided a big enough sample size, plus a number of household specific control variables. However, as is often the case with such data, it also provided data that are likely to be selected on the outcome variable. Employing an estimation technique originally developed for the case of choice-based sampling, it was shown that Seguro Popular had a large and significantly negative effect on infant mortality. The risk of a child dying in the first month of life is reduced by close to 5 out of 1,000 (or 0.5%) for the population at large and by around 7 out of 1,000 (0.7%) for the program’s target population. This appears mostly to be the result of the mother counting with health coverage during pregnancy, rather than medical attention during the year of life. Moreover, not taking into account the sample selection would have resulted in large underestimation of the program’s true effect, albeit with the same sign and levels of significance. These results indicate that providing access to even fairly basic health care services can significantly improve health outcomes. It remains to be seen to what extent this is also true for outcomes that take longer to materialize and/or are affected by a less direct causal link, such as e.g., the incidence of cardiovascular problems. As time passes, future research should focus on the effects on such longer term outcomes. | <urn:uuid:fd6ee258-be99-4b20-9a3b-0d927c13be40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://isiarticles.com/article/25947 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00247-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929728 | 3,197 | 1.90625 | 2 |
IN-DEPTH, GLOBALLY RECOGNIZED TRAINING
Why You Should Take U.S. Private-Sector Privacy Training
U.S. privacy is a complicated amalgam of federal, state and local privacy regulations. IAPP U.S. Private-Sector Privacy Training, the principle course for the ANSI/ISO-accredited CIPP/US certification program, gives privacy professionals the knowledge to manage compliance within this legal web and minimize the risks of regulatory fines and brand damage.
Who Should Train
Professionals who need in-depth knowledge of the U.S. privacy environment for compliance and other privacy management responsibilities. CIPP/US training will elevate your career prospects and help to prepare you for CIPP/US certification testing.
What You Will Learn
The CIPP/US curriculum provides an in-depth view of U.S. federal and state privacy statutes; detailed analysis of sectoral laws, civil and criminal enforcement; and an overview of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation and the California Consumer Privacy Act.
The U.S. Privacy Environment
- Learn the U.S. privacy law structure.
- Understand how privacy and security laws are enforced.
- Get the U.S. view of information management.
- Comply with the California Consumer Privacy Act.
- Recognize how GDPR requirements affect U.S. privacy practice.
Data Use by Sector
- Learn data collection and use regulations specific to the medical, financial, education, telecommunications and marketing industries.
- Understand Federal Trade Commission cross-sector privacy protection.
Government and Court Access to Data
- Learn requirements for making personal data available to law enforcement and national security agencies.
- Know the privacy issues related to disclosure of personal data in civil litigation, e.g. e-discovery, cross-border data flow, etc.
- Understand workplace privacy concepts.
- Maintain privacy before, during and after employment.
State Privacy and Breach Notification Laws
- Comply with state data security and breach notification laws.
- Work within the boundaries of federal and state authorities.
- Manage financial data.
- Understand restrictions on marketing activities.
Click below to see lists of available trainings in the modality that matches your schedule and learning style.
Beware of Unauthorized Trainers
If you are considering training with a company that is not the IAPP or an IAPP Official Training Partner, be careful. Unauthorized trainers often guarantee – erroneously – you will pass the exam and may wrongfully claim to be authorized by the IAPP and/or use our logo and official seal illegally. To see if a trainer is authorized, view our list of IAPP Official Training Partners worldwide. If the training company is not on our list, you risk being duped out of your time and money and being less prepared for your exam. | <urn:uuid:8b3844ed-61d8-4a2a-b9ed-321856c6f130> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iapp.org/train/cippus-training/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.868994 | 636 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Eating problems in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but no intellectual impairment
background Little is known about the co-occurrence - in individuals - of autism spectrum disorder (asd) and eating disorders and eating problems. Consequently, clinicians do not have enough information about how to diagnose or treat the combination of asd and eating problems.
aim To discuss the scientific literature and clinical experiences relating to eating disorders and eating problems in people who have asd but no intellectual impairment.
method The scientific literature was searched by means of PubMed, Medline and Psycinfo, and clinical experiences were discussed.
results The combination of ass and anorexia nervosa seems to be a strong predictor that the eating disorder will follow a chronic course. It is not clear how often bulimia nervosa occurs in persons with asd. Eating problems in persons with asd often seem to be related to sensory sensitivity, eating preferences and motor problems. So far, little is known about the treatment of eating disorders and eating problems in individuals with asd.
conclusion When diagnosing and treating eating disorders and eating problems in individuals with asd, it is important to take information processing and behaviour characteristics of asd into account. Further research is needed, particularly in order to cast more light on treatment possibilities. | <urn:uuid:e7e4d250-3dc9-42f8-9683-f7df93693aee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tijdschriftvoorpsychiatrie.nl/en/tijdschrift/issue/2015/10/50-10688_Eetproblemen-bij-mensen-met-een-autismespectrumstoornis-zonder-intellectuele-beperking | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.956974 | 262 | 2.640625 | 3 |
EDs Face Myriad of New Laws Limiting Opioid Prescribing
December 28th, 2016
AUGUSTA, ME – Beginning in January, emergency physicians and other prescribers in Maine will have some new limitations on how they can write prescriptions for opioids.
Prescriptions for acute pain will be limited to seven days and to 30 days for chronic pain to prevent diversion and abuse, according to the bill signed into law last spring and going into effect in 2017.
That law is similar to one passed in Pennsylvania this fall, which mandates that ED patients no longer be prescribed more than a week’s worth of opioids, unless practitioners document that there is no alternative to a longer prescription. In addition, ED clinicians won’t be allowed to write refills for opioid prescriptions. Similar restrictions are in effect for urgent care centers and hospital observation units.
Those are just two of several states that have placed dosage limits on opioid prescriptions for patients experiencing non-surgical, acute pain in hopes of curbing the overdose epidemic. How those laws affect emergency physicians’ ability to prescribe opioids varies significantly across state lines.
The limits on opioid prescribing have been promoted by the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCLS), which promotes and tracks such measures. The NCLS offers suggestions on ways states should change policy, initiate programs, or develop partnerships to address drug overdose problems, while ensuring access to prescription drugs for legitimate users.
Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, and Rhode Island were among the states also enacting laws to limit the amount of opioids that can be prescribed, while Vermont and Arizona implemented similar supply and dosage limits through rulemaking and executive orders.
Arizona’s governor, for example, signed an executive order to limit initial opioid prescriptions to seven days in the state’s Medicaid system and the state employee insurance program.
At the same time, Maine and Rhode Island use a maximum morphine milligram equivalent (MME) as part of their approaches to limit the amount of opioids that can be prescribed. In Maine, the maximum is 100 MME per day, while Rhode Island has a 30 MME daily maximum and a 20 dose limit for initial opioid prescriptions for adults.
In most states, exceptions exist for cancer care and treatment, palliative care, and hospice care. Pennsylvania even allows exceptions when in the best medical judgment of the provider.
The American Medical Association (AMA) and some other medical groups have opposed the prescribing limits.
“Arbitrary pill limits or dosage limits are not the way to go,” said Patrice Harris, MD, who chairs AMA’s Committee on Opioid Abuse. “They are one-size-fits-all, blunt approaches.” | <urn:uuid:97479b5d-dba3-4366-80d8-1497e7ad4e4a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reliasmedia.com/blogs/ed-push/eds-face-myriad-of-new-laws-limiting-opioid-prescribing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.91323 | 567 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Dr Simon Gathercole
- Editorial board
Published under the auspices of Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas. New Testament Studies is an international peer-reviewed periodical whose contributors include the leading New Testament scholars writing in the world today. The journal publishes original articles and short studies in English, French and German on a wide range of issues pertaining to the origins, history, context and theology of the New Testament and early Christianity. All contributions represent research at the cutting edge of the discipline, which has developed a wide range of methods. The journal welcomes submissions employing any such methods in recent years. The periodical embraces exegetical, historical, literary-critical, sociological, theological and other approaches to the New Testament, including studies in its history of interpretation and effects. | <urn:uuid:b9346a2d-1e4a-4bd1-8787-fe1f9ea56fb7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://core-cms.prod.aop.cambridge.org/core/journals/new-testament-studies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.860435 | 190 | 1.5 | 2 |
In Reception, we teach a broad and balanced curriculum following the Early Years Foundation Stage framework.
This includes the following seven areas:
- Personal, Social and Emotional Development
- Communication and Language
- Physical Development
- Understanding the World
- Expressive Arts and Design
We deliver this curriculum through a combination of teaching input, small group activities and independent learning. We believe that every moment counts in our children’s learning. If you would like any further information regarding the school’s curriculum, please speak with the class teacher.
We foster the children’s learning in an engaging, child-friendly and stimulating environment using high quality resources. All children have access to the outdoor area where there is varied, fun and challenging provision to continue and extend their learning. This is further broadened through weekly Forest School sessions, cookery, show and tell sessions, 5-a-day fitness programme and daily Christian meditation.
We monitor children’s progress systematically throughout the term. The assessments made inform planning and ensure each child is challenged appropriately. They also help us identify any pupils who may need extra support or challenge in a particular area.
Our pupil’s independence is encouraged and supported during lunchtimes when they are developing the skills to use cutlery, choose their lunch and tidy away. Our children learn to change independently for our physical education sessions. We have a well-developed and supportive transition policy to prepare our children for Year 1 including “Step Up” days and integrated play times.
We foster close relationships with the parents and carers of our children on a daily basis and provide the opportunity for parents to volunteer in their child’s class. Parents provide a rich resource for us. In the past, we have received visits from parents who can share their experience and knowledge that link to our topic. During our “People Who Help Us” topic, a parent doctor came in to show the children some real life examples of equipment used in the profession and talked to the children about their job. Each class has parents/carers that volunteer as class reps who provide an invaluable communication link and who organise events to raise money for their children’s class.
Local Links and visits
We have developed strong links with the local community and church. The children attend St Michael’s Church for Christmas, Easter and end of year services with the whole school. This year, we have visited the church as a class for creative activities and Bible stories. We also enjoy the opportunities provided to us in the local area, for example, trips to Jackson’s Lane theatre, Highgate Woods and Waterlow Park. | <urn:uuid:0dc3d123-e4f3-4fee-af66-f3893d1f97cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stmichaelsn6.com/reception/?s= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.949542 | 563 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Hardware take on software testing.
paddy3118 at netscape.net
Sat Jun 7 16:24:09 CEST 2003
First i'd like to state that I too like the ideas mentioned in XP and
TDD. If the HW design ideas are outside current software methodologies
then I'd like to debate whether adding them would be benificial.
my comments are interspersed in Peters mail below...
Peter Hansen <peter at engcorp.com> wrote in message news:<3EE14F0A.3D1E1887 at engcorp.com>...
> Paddy McCarthy wrote:
> > Peter Hansen <peter at engcorp.com> wrote in message news:<3EE0CF2B.57F474E4 at engcorp.com>...
> > > ... a new approach to design, testing, and coding, called Test-Driven
> > > Development (TDD).
> > On TDD when do you know you are done?
> Oh, *good* question! <grin>
> > In the Hardware development process we graph the number of bugs found
> > over time and end up with an S curve, we also set coverage targets
> > (100 percent statement coverage for executable statements is the
> > norm), and rather like the TDD approach of software, some teams have
> > dedicated Verification engineers who derive a verification spec from
> > the design spec and write tests for the design to satisfy this,
> > (independantly).
> With TDD, only one
> test at a time is even written, let alone passed by writing new code.
> You would "never" write two tests at the same time since you wouldn't
> necessarily know whether you needed the second test until you had
> written the first.
If I remember correctly, XP advocates a very close working
relationship with the customer with quick customers feedback on
> > If TDD uses no random directed generation, then don't you tend to test
> > strictly the assumed behaviour?
> Bob Martin wrote "The act of writing a unit test is more an act of
> design than of verification. It is also more an act of documentation
> than of verification. The act of writing a unit test closes a remarkable
> number of feedback loops, the least of which is the one pertaining to
> verification of function."
I was trying to learn more about how these tests are written. Writing
tests is better than not writting them, but I was trying to show a
possibly different way of writing tests, to the way that the program
will be implimented, hopefully complimentary, and allowing you
(sometimes, with the right set of random variables/constraints), to
explore more of those corner cases. You might think of a random
directed tests as generating a spray of test values for your program,
with the constraints controlling the width of the spray, and direction
of the hose.
We can find hard to get at bugs with this technique in HW design,
that's why I'd also like it added to the software arsenal.
> Let me go back to the "graph the number of bugs" thing you mention above.
> If you are working in a world where that concept holds much meaning,
> you might have to change gears to picture this: with XP and TDD, you
> generally expect to have *no* bugs to graph.
> Now fast-forward to months later, when you have literally hundreds of
> little tests, each one having driven the development of a few lines of
> code. You have effectively 100% code coverage. In fact, you probably
> have tests which overlap, but that's a good thing here. Now you make
> a tiny mistake, which traditionally would not be noticed until "test
> time", way down at the end of the project when the QA/verification people
> get their hands on your code. Instead of being noticed, perhaps,
> months later just before shipping, you immediately fail one or two
> tests (or a whole pile) and fix the problem.
Yep, if the traditional way is to have verification/QA right at the
end then I don't advocate that either.
But I DO believe in some quantifiable metric. Some may well state that
'what does 100% statement coverage actually mean?', But it is an easy
metric to compute and very few would advocate that 90% code coverage
by tests is better than 100%.
It could be that your suite of current tests may well cause both
clauses of all if statements to be excercised, but how do you know
what possible combinations of variables used in the if clause have
actually contributed to each choice? Your tests could test
functionality but still you may have a variable in an if statement
that is never exercised so that its changes affect the outcome:
something like 'if a or b==c:' when a is always false for some reason.
Coverage tools give you this kind of metric and allow you to test the
quality of the code produced, not just in terms of 'does it function
correctly when tested', but helps to answer 'how well do the tests
exercise the given code'.
You say in the next statement that the methodology TDD ensures no
extraneous code. I say *measure it*.
> Or, in spite of the fact that you actually *drove the development of
> the code with the tests*, and that therefore there is really no code
> that doesn't need to be there to pass the tests, you manage to let
> a bug get through. Maybe it was more of an error in interpretation
> of the functional requirements. In other words, almost certainly one
> of your tests is actually wrong. Alternatively, the tests are all fine
> but you're in the unfortunate (but fortunately rare when you do it this
> way) position of having an actual, real _bug_ in spite of all those tests.
> What do you do? Add it to the bug database and see the graph go up?
> No, you don't even *have* a bug database! There are no bugs to go in it,
> except this one. What's the best next step? Write a test!
In your scenario, I would graph test 'checkins' over time, assuming
tests are checked-in to some version control system when they 'work'.
> The new test fails in the presence of the bug, and now you modify the
> code to pass the test (and to keep passing all those other tests) and
> check in the change. Problem solved. No bug, no bug database, no graph.
> Maybe this sounds goofy or unrealistic to some who haven't tried it.
> Personally I thought it was novel enough to warrant an experiment when
> I first encountered it, but it didn't take long before I was convinced
> that this approach was fundamentally different and more powerful than
> the previous approaches I'd tried over twenty plus years of coding.
> It may not feel right to some people, but since it's pretty darn easy
> to read up on the approach and experiment for a few hours or days to
> get a feel for it, "don't knock it if you haven't tried it". :-)
I don't doubt that XP and TDD can be an advance on previous methods,
I'm just wary of the lack of metrics. And I'm unsure of how you
alleviate the problem of only testing how one person or close team
think it should work. In HW design some teams have separate
Verification and Design groups and/or create two implimentations in
different languages and compare their results. If you'r writing the
test and writing the code, you can be blind to common errors.
Is TDD enough?
> To answer the original question of "how do you know when you're done?"
> I would say that TDD itself doesn't really say, but in XP you have
> what are called "acceptance tests", which are similar to the unit tests
> in that they are a fully automated suite of tests that verify the
> high level functionality of the entire program. When your code
> passes all the units tests you have written to drive it's development,
> *and* all the acceptance tests, then you're done. (That's another one
> of the "things of beauty" in XP: the tests aggressively control scope
> since you don't have to build anything for which you don't have a test.)
OK, how do you guage the quality of those acceptance tests + TDD +
Graphs of TDD checkins and acceptance test checkins over time, as well
as in-depth coverage metrics might allow you to at least compare one
development effort with the next one and evolve a useful set of
'numbers' that attempt to abstract what a good design project looks
With Xp but without the stats, makes it harder to encapsulate and
disseminate good project management principals.
I'd like to see people describe how to measure SW bug rates and
coverage (statement and branch etc), using specific tools, then say
'don't ship until the bug rate is below X when measured using Y; and
the Coverage metric is S when measured using tool T with options A, B
A dumb follower of rules might still cock things up, but quantifiable
goals like that would help the non-dumb.
Donald 'Paddy' McCarthy.
More information about the Python-list | <urn:uuid:317bcb32-3ce1-4fd2-ab41-a91bef3fadff> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2003-June/181880.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00251-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945835 | 2,050 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Things You Really Need On Your Boat
We’re not talking beer, snacks and fishing gear, but things that will help you deal with sudden problems and emergencies when sailing.
A Multi-Tool with several sizes of locking screwdrivers, pliers and knives can help fix a lot of problems without the need of a bulky tool box taking up space onboard. Make sure they’re rust-resistant.
A Headlamp provides light when working below deck and/or at night, leaving your hands free. It’s also a way to alert and signal other boats or people ashore in case of emergency. Make sure it fits well with and has a powerful enough lamp and battery power. Lamps come with lots of extra feature but the primary need is to have enough battery power to be seen from long distances for a long time.
Like the multi-purpose tool a Multi-Purpose Watch should be standard tool on any boat. A watch that also has a barometer, a thermometer and a compass will give you informed not only of the time, but any changes in the weather and environment.
If something serious occurs and you need to get help quickly, a Personal Locator Beacon will ensure that you can be get assistance, Your beacon should be active for at least 24 hours, at minus 40 degrees temperature and also have a GPS locator to ensure you can be found. If you find yourself lost at sea, rescue will be alerted and have your location as soon as you activate this device. Most PLB’s are manually activated.
Even the best sailors can fall overboard. A Flotation Suit provides emergency buoyancy that can literally be a lifesaver.
The best “lifesaver” is a well maintained and protected boat, protected by quality canvas coverings from CMC Canvas LLC. | <urn:uuid:b9a38a2b-ef50-499e-8166-a4a2549df498> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cmccanvasllc.com/things-you-really-need-on-your-boat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.942496 | 373 | 1.507813 | 2 |
How good is your memory? Can you remember the names of all 50 states and their capitals? How about the thousands of video games you find in the stores? To us, a million sounds like a big number. But consider the Hindu religion, which is described as a religion of 330 million gods! In Hinduism, people can have as many gods as they want. Hinduism, which is the third largest religion in the world, involves worship that centers on sacrifices, idols, and mystical tales.
How does this religion compare with Christianity? Hinduism is an ancient religion; some people even claim it is the oldest. Actually, no one knows who started it or why they did so. Today, the Hindu religion boasts a following of a billion people, with the largest population living in the country of India. The Hindu followers believe in gods that control almost every part of their lives. They have a god of creation, a god of destruction, a sky god, a fire god, and…the list could continue at great length. Most of the time, Hindus worship these gods with sacrifices and by praying to idols. When you compare Hinduism to the Bible, it is obvious that Hindus do not understand who God is or how to worship Him.
The Bible says “that an idol is nothing in the world, and that there is no other God but one” (1 Corinthians 8:4). This verse makes it clear that we are to worship only one God, not millions of other gods. In addition, it says that an idol, which is made by a human, is nothing special. An idol, most of the time, is only a lump of clay, metal, or wood that sits silently on a table. The Bible also says that Jesus came to Earth and died an awful death for our sins (Hebrews 10:10-12). In the Old Testament, the Jews offered sacrifices much like the Hindus do today, but as Christians we have a better sacrifice. Jesus Christ, the Son of God, was the one perfect sacrifice that the world needed. The animal sacrifices of the Old Testament are not needed today, because they do not compare to Christ’s loving sacrifice.
The Christian has a wonderful hope and an important message to share. Hinduism is not a religion that is in agreement with God’s will, but God does want Hindus to know the Truth. It is the Christian’s job to find the people who need help, and to show them the answers that the Bible contains (read Mark 16:15-16).
REPRODUCTION & DISCLAIMERS: We are happy to grant permission for this article to be reproduced in part or in its entirety, as long as our stipulations are observed. | <urn:uuid:789b4a32-a556-480b-b8a1-c9fe94d9cd7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://apologeticspress.org/hinduism-3934/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.967136 | 563 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Abstract: In May 2017, three new models were rolled out and R6 smart e-bike is one of them. So what you should know before the first ride?
Firstly, you need to install Airwheel R6 electric assist bicycle. Take it from the box, open the lifting rod lock (see Figure 1 – ① arrow), insert the front into the folding riser (see Figure 1 – ② arrow), then close the lock, push the head to the vertical (See Figure 2); fold the handle down (see Figure3 – ③ arrow) to catch the groove, and then buckle up (see Figure 4– ④ arrow); open the saddle lock, install the saddle and adjust to suitable height(See Figure 5– ⑥arrow);
Then turn the brakes and dashboard to the horizontal position (see Figure 6), tighten the screws on brakes to fix the brakes (see Figure 7).
Install the pedals (See Figure 8), L for left and R for right. Please pay attention to the installation of the screw thread. The left pedal is counter clockwise tightened, right pedal clockwise tightened, and the recommended pedal torque is 35 ~ 40N.m. Start the power (see Figure 9), release the locking handle (see Figure 10– ⑦ arrow); set right the bike body and put the adjustable switch in the extended gear (see Figure 11). The body automatically unfolds, and when finishes, put the adjustable switch in the stop gear, close the locking handle, turn off the power (see Figure 12).
Then, you can choose one ride mode to ride among the three different riding modes. No matter which mode you choose, you need to set right the head, fold kickstand and fasten frame. Adjust R6 smart e-bike's head and saddle position to ensure a comfortable riding experience. Find the power switch in the one side of the batter, start it and hold the handle. First sit on the saddle and step on the pedals one foot by one foot. Then, when riders are ready to ride it, they can push the accelerator in the right handle to accelerate. Or rides can pedal it to go forward. Also, they can choose the power-assisted mode: turn on the power switch. Power sensor can sense the rotation, and then give signal to the controller when the riding ring exceeds three rings, so that power-assisted mode is activated. | <urn:uuid:9fbba246-14d3-4db6-8e69-ed189f16cf43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://airwheelgroup.com/what-you-should-know-before-your-first-ride-of-airwheel-r6-pedal-electric-assist-bike/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.882795 | 493 | 1.804688 | 2 |
The Bernalillo County Commission has voted to post the names and salaries of all its workers online as a transparency measure. The commission voted 3-2 to adopt the online postings as part of an openness and transparency measure.
Bernalillo County has been posting public salaries but not along with the workers' names.
Measure sponsor Commissioner Wayne Johnson says in a statement that transparency in government is the foundation for good government and allows citizens to hold public workers and elected officials accountable.
The information is available on the county's sunshine portal, http://www.bernco.gov/bernco-view .
The state of New Mexico has been posting names and salaries online since earlier this year.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. | <urn:uuid:5b7a9ec0-8077-42ac-a6f7-3e4ad93822f8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://krwg.org/post/names-and-salaries-more-nm-workers-going-online | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00020-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949116 | 146 | 1.664063 | 2 |
The Urban Heritage Climate Observatory (UHCO) is a new Community Activity within GEO, working to reveal the fast-paced growth of EO technology and information to help address climate change risks and impacts on World Heritage Cities. UHCO operates upon the common ground of climate, heritage and urban related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also cutting across the other GEO priority engagement areas. This is apparent through advancing climate adaptation, enhancing preparedness to disasters, and having climate-aware World Heritage Cities serving as strong advocates for carbon neutral and resilient cities. There is a broad range of free and open access EO data to be contributed to this activity, including in-situ and other types of datasets. However, issues surrounding confidentiality and ownership of certain cultural heritage information exist, and there are great challenges to be discussed with respect to data sensitivity in the frame of Open EO. | <urn:uuid:26f18bb0-7724-4d9a-b5a3-e7cc2b087edc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://callforpapers.2021.foss4g.org/foss4g2021/speaker/DLHH3H/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.92215 | 184 | 2.34375 | 2 |
The Conference Board, a private New York-based research group moments ago reported that consumer confidence eased back to a reading of 58.5 in June, down both from May's upwardly revised reading of 61.7 and expectations of a reading of 60.5 for June. The estimate for May had been previously reported as 60.8.
Although a reading of 58.5 is not cause for undue alarm, this metric is still at its lowest point since last November. Readings over the past five months, meanwhile, have been, respectively, 72.0, 63.8, 66.4, 61.7, and the aforementioned 58.5. Clearly, the trend is not encouraging.
Moreover, the report also noted that consumer expectations for economic activity over the next six months fell as well, dropping from 76.7 in May to 72.4 in the current month. Also, the present situations index, which tends in difficult times to be much lower than the expectations category, eased as well, falling from 39.3 in May to 37.6 in June.
One positive note is that inflation expectations dropped in the latest month, largely, it would seem, on declines in gasoline prices. Oil prices have fallen, as well, sinking from about $115 a barrel earlier in the spring to a level of just over $90 recently. That pullback reflects the slowing in global economic activity and expectations going forward.
What is not improving is sentiment towards the employment outlook, with 43.8% of respondents thinking jobs are hard to get this month, up from 43.5% in May. At the same time, just 5.2% of those surveyed think that jobs are plentiful, down from 5.7% last month.
Worse, the report also finds that consumers rated both current business conditions and labor market conditions less favorably than in May, and fewer consumers see things getting better over the next six months. With concerns about income prospects on the rise, the outlook for consumer spending is not favorable. We saw evidence of this latter sentiment yesterday when the Commerce Department reported that personal consumption expenditures were unchanged in May, the latest month for which such figures are available. The current sentiment survey would suggest that the June data on personal spending would not be especially favorable either.
All in all, it was not en encouraging report, although the modest nature of the decline suggests that it was not a disastrous development. At best, we expect to see some choppiness ahead for this sentiment survey, with perhaps some selective improvement as the year winds down.
At the time of this article’s writing, the author did not have positions in any of the companies mentioned. | <urn:uuid:e23a4b6c-027b-4903-b332-65aa0895f070> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://valueline.com/Markets/Commentaries/2011_Markets_Commentary/Consumer_Confidence_Falters_-_June_28,_2011.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00513-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971025 | 542 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Mulch in the garden provides a wealth of benefits, from improving the appearance of the flower beds to stifling weed growth and helping the soil retain moisture. The type of mulch you use depends in large part on which benefit you are after and where you are planning to use the mulch.
For Appearance's Sake
Mulch is often used to brighten and neaten up the garden. It's suitable for bordering pathways or as a way to fill an open area in the landscape. Wood mulches are often the first choice of home gardeners who want an attractive look. They come in a wide range of colors -- some are even dyed -- to better set off your home, and many are quite inexpensive. Mulches made from wood pallets are especially budget-friendly and an appropriate choice for areas without plants. For areas with established plants, wood chips, pine bark or shredded hardwood are better choices.
Around the Edibles
Straw mulch, such as rice straw, is often used in vegetable gardens. Light and porous, a little goes a long way. Worms, which are beneficial soil creatures, love straw, according to the University of California Sonoma County Master Gardeners. Other mulches similar to rice straw are wheat and oak straw mulches. They don't break down as quickly as rice straw mulch, and any seeds present in the straw need to be killed before the mulch can be used in the garden.
In the Flower Bed
Composted yard waste, such as grass clippings, brush and leaves, are appropriate mulches for spots in and around flower beds. Not only are they inexpensive or even free, but all are rich in nutrients and improve the soil as well. The latter in particular is useful in amending soil to prepare it for seeds. Top the leaves with a layer of pine bark to make them last longer, suggests Ohio State University.
To Prevent Weeds
A thick layer of mulch is very effective at preventing weed growth. It blocks the sunlight and prevents air and water from reaching below the surface of the soil, which can prevent weed seeds from germinating. Even if weeds do germinate, the seedlings will likely have a hard time working their way up through the mulch. Effective mulches for stifling weed growth include shredded hardwood, pine bark and cypress varieties.
For Other Reasons
Mulch is sometimes used in play areas, such as under a swing set. The go-to choice for that is usually rubber mulch, which provides a soft landing for active children. Gravel, lava rock and other stone mulches are often used on slopes because they are heavy enough to resist being blown about or washed away in a rainstorm.
- Liquidlibrary/liquidlibrary/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:8b99b35e-6bdf-4e37-80b1-af7806d04c62> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://homeguides.sfgate.com/kind-mulch-should-use-97710.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00307-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958776 | 570 | 2.5 | 2 |
1.User could modify the R/G/B (or H/S/V) color value individually by "dragging the color bar" or by "clicking/long-clicking the up and down button."
(To change the color setting type of R/G/B and H/S/V, please click the word shown in the right side of divider or click option menu to change it.)
2.The color bar will show the prompt color list on itself immediately while one of these three color values changed. That will offer more selections for user.
3.The color mixing result and the relative HTML notation will show in top layer immediately, too.
4.If user only know the HTML notation of someone color, user also could get the color result by clicking the "pen" icon shown in top layer and key in the HTML notation.
5.There is more than one shape user could select to show the color. (Please click the color display view to open the menu.)
6.Support "save" and "share" function for user to record the color or send the HTML notation of color to others.
7.Compare function will help user to compare whether the color effect is what they want.
8.Linear gradient function will allow user to compose a color set which could make gradient effect. User could also save this color set in their database.
9. Color list view is used to show all the color list user saved before.
- Title in this page is with a drop down list which allow user to select what the color type(All/Monochromatic/Gradient) who want to check.
- The search function in this page is to help user quickly find the color who want to use.
- Long click any one item will pop up the dialog for user to rename color/ delete color/ share color/ set as wallpaper
- click each item will change to full screen view of that color.
10. Delete page is used while user want to delete multiple color set simultaneous.
11. Support to get color from image which is existing now or just get by camera.
Tags: js color picker , color picker , color picker and text effects , color png , вставить color picker html , color dialog , gradient picker , change colorpicker , html color notatoin to | <urn:uuid:e2e6dfeb-e822-463c-ac86-5bf89a7f08a1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.appszoom.com/android_applications/tools/color-picker-pro_bhgkd.html?nav=mfta | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00098-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.832224 | 496 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Requirements for a Minor in Children's Literature
Children’s Literature minors must choose four of the following courses, one of which must require a researched literary analysis:
- EL 128- Children's Literature: Fables to 1900
- EL 129- Young Adult Fiction
- EL 130- Children's Literature: 1900 to Present
- EL 259- Critical Approaches to Children's Literature
- EL 272- Advanced Studies in Children's Literature
- EL 273- Representations of Childhood in Literature
- EL 274- Representations of Childhood in Film
- In addition, students complete six elective credits.
Students are encouraged to choose from the courses listed above and/or choose relevant courses in related disciplines by approval of the director, Dr. Sara Lindey (email@example.com). | <urn:uuid:1d56b7b1-125c-493e-aad3-d59374360f5f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://stvincent.edu/academics/majors-and-programs/childrens-literature | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.83988 | 168 | 2.171875 | 2 |
127 Progressive MS Patients Finish Treatment in Phase 2 Study of Ibudilast, MediciNova Reports
MediciNova recently reported that half of the 255 patients enrolled in a Phase 2b clinical trial (SPRINT-MS) exploring MN-166 (ibudilast) in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) had completed the 96-week-long treatment.
Interim data will be analyzed by the trial’s external Data Safety Monitoring Board later this year, with results forming the basis of recommendations to the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS) regarding the treatment’s demonstrated safety, tolerability, and efficacy.
NINDS’s Network for Excellence in Neuroscience Clinical Trials, or NeuroNEXT, aims to conduct trials of new treatment approaches for neurological disease through collaborations between academic researchers, private foundations, and the pharmaceutical industry.
Ibudilast — a drug MediciNova licensed from Kyorin Pharmaceutical — has been used in Japan and Korea to treat complications following stroke and for bronchial asthma since 1989. MediciNova is now developing the drug as a potential treatment for progressive MS.
The drug acts at numerous sites in the brain, blocking enzymes known as PDEs (phosphodiesterases), specifically targeting PDE4 and 10. Early studies also showed that ibudilast blocks a factor called MIF — preventing immune cells called macrophages from migrating. This, in turn, suppresses the formation of pro-inflammatory molecules called cytokines and promotes the production of brain growth factors.
It also has demonstrated an ability to prevent glial cells — major players in the brain’s immune system — from activating. Glial cells are increasingly recognized as contributing to neurological conditions such as MS.
Read more about Ibudilast (MN-166) for Multiple Sclerosis.
The ongoing SPRINT-MS trial, involving 28 study centers across the U.S., compares ibudilast to placebo in either primary or secondary progressive MS patients. Since primary progressive patients were allowed to continue using glatiramer acetate or interferon-beta as their main medication, patients in treated and control groups were matched according to type of MS and the presence of other treatment.
Such matching procedures are common in clinical trials, and allows researchers to interpret study findings without the risk that other contributing factors influence the results.
As the study’s main outcome measure, researchers used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to analyze if the rates of brain tissue breakdown were changed by the treatment. In addition to other imaging measurements, the study analyzes changes in disability, cognitive impairment, quality of life, and neuropathic pain in the patients. As in all clinical trials, researchers also assess the safety of the treatment.
“We are very pleased to have reached the 50 percent completion milestone in this important study. The unmet medical need for progressive MS patients is extremely high as there is no treatment approved for long-term use for these patients. We look forward to providing further updates as we receive results of the interim analysis,” Yuichi Iwaki, president and chief executive officer of MediciNova, said in a news release.
In addition to testing the drug as a progressive MS treatment, MediciNova is exploring its potential in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic neuropathic pain, and substance abuse or addiction.
Multiple Sclerosis News Today previously reported that ibudilast has been awarded fast-track status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a label allowing swifter development and review of drugs with a potential to cover unmet medical needs in serious or life-threatening diseases. | <urn:uuid:3ac95615-5139-4247-8746-d97673688433> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/news-posts/2016/07/19/progressive-ms-patients-finish-treatment-in-phase-2-study-of-ibudilast/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.937832 | 764 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Norway Heads for Record Electricity Exports Amid Water Glut
Norway’s power exports may hit a record this year, amid abundant hydroelectric output and rain, evidencing a need for more cross-border cables for trade, Energy Norway said today.
The country has so far this year shipped a net power glut of 17 terawatt-hours abroad, worth nearly 4 billion Norwegian kroner ($ 694 million) and equivalent to half of yearly domestic electricity use, with exports for the year poised to exceed a record 19 terawatt-hours from 12 years ago, the industry association said in an e-mailed statement.
Norway’s water reservoirs are filled to the brim, and the glut can’t be absorbed by domestic demand, so without exports, the operators of hydropower plants would be forced to spill the surplus into the sea, Oluf Ulseth, chief executive officer of Energy Norway said in the statement.
Running water through turbines provides 99 percent of Norwegian electricity consumption, which exposes it to volatile weather factors, with dry spells triggering power imports and wet periods resulting in exports. This shows a need for more power cables to boost trade with neighboring countries, the association said.
Planned power cables set to link Norway to Germany and the U.K. must benefit the country, and not be used purely for cheap electricity exports, if they are built, Ola Borten Moe, oil minister said on Oct. 18.
The boost in water supplies has benefited the country’s leading hydropower operators, Statkraft AS and Norsk Hydro ASA (NHY), while record Swedish water supplies have boosted output for the Nordic region’s biggest utility Vattenfall AB and Finland’s biggest power company Fortum Oyj (FUM1V), both reported last month in their third-quarter earnings statements.
The glut of water supplies has cut average price for day- ahead power in the region by 38 percent from the same period of 2011 this year to a five-year low of 29.92 euros ($38.11) a megawatt-hour in the Nordic market, which covers Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland, according to data from the Nord Pool Spot AS exchange in Oslo.
To contact the reporter on this story: Torsten Fagerholm in Helsinki at firstname.lastname@example.org
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Lars Paulsson at email@example.com | <urn:uuid:cc25a7ba-b8b6-41d2-b51c-5374fb508ec5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/print/2012-11-15/norway-heads-for-record-electricity-exports-amid-water-glut.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00412-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905226 | 516 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Dr. Stephen Freedland is a urologist at Cedars-Sinai in Los Angeles, California and the Director of the Center for Integrated Research in Cancer and Lifestyle, Co-director of the Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program and Associate Director for Faculty Development at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute.
Dr. Freedland treats the whole patient and not just a man’s prostate cancer.
He frames this month’s conversations about stress, depression, and prostate cancer.
Historically, the goal was to cure cancer. We don’t really cure other major medical problems like heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol: we manage them. Cancer, in general, and prostate cancer, in particular, are becoming chronic diseases. Occasionally, we need to do something more aggressive, but we really just need a management strategy so that people can live normal, healthy lives even after being diagnosed with cancer.
With this shift from quantity of life to quality of life comes an opportunity for us to have conversations about how prostate cancer and its treatments affect daily life. People are now younger at diagnosis than ever before. They’re still active. They’re still working. They’re still productive members of their families and of society.
How do we help them maintain that while providing the best cancer care? The challenge is how to marry those two. It’s not enough to focus on Gleason score, PSA, and stage. The focus is on the patient. On the person. It’s not just about the numbers.
I applaud Prostatepedia for delving into this subject matter with some very engaging conversations with some of the world leaders on the topic. I work very closely with Dr. Arash Asher at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. We focus now on nutrition, exercise, and psychosocial health. It’s really spectacular to see. Men are able to maintain much of their quality of life and sometimes feel better than ever.
At the same time, we’re realizing that what works for one patient will not necessarily work for another. There is no shortcut to sitting down with a patient, understanding his needs, goals, and desires, and then working together to come up with a care plan that manages his cancer and his side effects. We want to keep you psychologically strong and able to fight your cancer–but also to live your lives. | <urn:uuid:e450dc57-27f1-4bb8-b2ab-c433ff6c59ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prostatepedia.wordpress.com/2018/02/01/living-a-normal-life-after-prostate-cancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.951343 | 499 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Full profile →'">
The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer.
As someone who is in the business of consulting manufacturing companies, over the past 10 years I’ve noticed an increasing number of clients who are placing a greater reliance on operations data to drive their business on analytics. While their primary business is making products—which are becoming increasingly complex—they are becoming skilled in the use of analytics to improve their products’ safety and reliability, cost-effectiveness, performance, and end customer experience. They are striving to become analytics-based competitors.
Along comes the Internet of Things (IoT). As products become increasingly sophisticated as computing devices in their own right, so does the data they produce—the connected car, the connected wind turbine, the connected train, the connected oil rig—each producing accelerating amounts of data.
As manufacturers develop their IoT platforms, the question becomes: What are they doing to leverage their analytic capabilities?
Where to begin
To talk about the Analytics of Things (AoT), let’s begin with a very simple diagram of the Internet of Things:
These translate to more devices, more internet connections, and certainly more data than anticipated when “big data” appeared on the scene. As a result, two distinct but complementary areas emerged: the Operations of Things and the Analytics of Things. Maximizing the value of IoT requires efficient coordination of activities in both of these sub-systems.
Working Together: Operations and Analytics of Things
The Operations subsystem encompasses the acquisition of data by sensors in connected devices, the transmission of that data to a decision-making engine, and the application of previously deployed or embedded software/algorithms on that data to enable an action—which may be automated or semi-automated with a human operator.
All this activity takes place at or near the “edge”; that is, where the “doing” takes place in IoT. You can think of a car and its driver as the Operation of Things subsystem in the Connected Car flavor of IoT. The car has a vast amount of intelligence built into its Electronic Control Unit, and various other subsystems, which—augmented by a skilled driver—acts in perfect coordination.
If you believe thinking should come before acting, then the notion that Analytics of Things is where the “thinking” happens will make sense. The Analytics of Things subsystem of IoT is an extension of the company’s analytic ecosystem that includes:
- Acquisition and management of sensor and other third party data
- Digital device models that mirror, predict, and prognosticate the behavior of things
- Ability to provide intelligent feedback and simple analytics (or rules) to edge devices for improving actions
In the Operations subsystem, devices are operated by local embedded software, possessing an ability and intelligence to act somewhat autonomously. However, the Analytics of Things ecosystem includes business context data that is unavailable at the Edge because it is an extension of the company's existing business analytics.
By using all available and relevant data, the algorithms deployed to execute actions at the Edge can be improved and updated, with the goal of improving device performance in the field. When companies bring all data into the analytic ecosystem, it can be leveraged to provide keen insights that would otherwise be impossible to make in isolation at the Edge.
Think of a vehicle health monitoring system, which contains predictive models that integrate vehicle build and quality information, maintenance records, and location-specific data. Together, it can be used to predict what may occur in the vehicle, and even how to respond through driver-assisted instruction or guided action by the car itself.
The specific implementation of, and inter-connection between, these two systems may vary greatly in design among different industries and deployments. Architecture choices depend on factors such as analytic capability of devices at the Edge, extent of connectivity, need for real-time response, security and safety requirements, as well as other considerations.
This blog is the first in a series on the Analytics of Things. Please look for upcoming topics to include, “Are You Ready for Analytics of Things?” and “Defining an Analytics of Things Capabilities Roadmap”. | <urn:uuid:323bdf82-2518-478b-ad9e-9dbae10e3cab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.forbes.com/sites/teradata/2016/03/18/iot-basics-defining-analytics-of-things/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00142-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943195 | 867 | 2.296875 | 2 |
IntroZabi Szczyt Wyzni, Vel’ky Zabi Stit, Grosse Froschspitze, Nagy-Bekas-csucs 2259
The highest peak in border Zabie ridge and the most eastern summit of Polish Tatras is hardly seen from Morskie Oko lake shores, presenting its whole massivness in impressive 500 metre high north face above Zabia Bielovodska valley.
Though it is central part of High Tatras, Zabi Szczyt Wyzni peak is located quite remotely from popular marked trails, so despite relatively easy access both from East and West and famous summit panorama with especially interesting view towards close and dominating Niznie Rysy massif, the peak has never attracted big attention of climbers and hikers.
Thanks to that the surrounding area is a real temple of high mountain nature.
The peak rises above 3 valleys. Rybiego Potoku valley spreads below its western face on Polish side with nearby Morskie Oko and Czarny Staw lake cirques. The northern face falls to Zabia Bielovodska valley, the lateral branch of main Bielovodska valley and its eastern slopes descend to small rocky valley of Spadova falling steep slabs of its threshold down
to Tazka valley.
The importance of Zabi Szczyt Wyzni’s location lays mostly in fact that the most convenient connection path between Rybiego Potoku and Tazka valleys(via Spadova valley) crosses small saddle just below its summit.
One must remember that Zabi Szczyt Wyzni peak was a witness of some tragic events in the past to mention at first dramatic history of the first winter ascent from 1930 after which the peak gained its bad fame.
It was 14th April 1930 when four, young Polish climbers were descending from the peak after first successfull winter ascent.
Since the morning the weather was good, but while they were traversing the ridge towards Mlynarovo Sedlo pass it suddenly broke down with a huge storm. Their ropes got iced soon and rappelling straight down the valley became a neverending torment and finally they were trapped in deep snow above high cliffs where they were forced to survive whole night in hellish conditions. Next day morning each of them began to save life on its own not taking care for the rest of companions.
Deadly exhausted and seriously freezed they evacuated themselves down via Zabia Bielovodska valley.
Zbigniew Gieysztor, 27 year old student from Warsaw claiming he feels quite well decided to descend as the last one.
A few hours after three climbers reached Roztoka chalet in Bielovodska valley and fourth companion still wasn’t there, people got worried about him and Andrzej Krzeptowski – the chaletkeeper in these days went up the valley to meet him. Unfortunately there was nobody coming down and Krzeptowski finally reached Zabia Bielovodska valley finding Gieysztor body on the stream just below the lower lake... Gieysztor tragedy caused a spirited discussion among mountain climbers in Poland and three climbers were made responsible for the drama leaving their rope-partner on the way, alone in the mountains.
On 29th December 1959 huge avalanche fallen from Zabi Szczyt Wyzni killed three climbers from Wroclaw, their bodies were found down in Zabia Bielovodska valley in June next year...
The name of the peak alike to the name of the whole ridge and area comes from folk name of Zabie, which may be directly translated as “froggy”. The name is considered as the oldest one in the area and its origins as Paryskis’ Great Tatra Encyclopedia states are related with... frogs, so common around lakes in surrounding valleys.
26.VII.1905 – Janusz Chmielowski with companions and guides
First winter ascent:
1930 – Stefan Bernadzikiewicz, Zbigniew Gieysztor, Antoni Kenar and Wieslaw Stanislawski
Zabi Szczyt Wyzni (2259)Zabi Szczyt Wyzni peak is one of two most important “branching points” in the lateral ridge leading from Rysy peak to
Niznie Rysy and further North via Zabie peaks. Along the whole length of the ridge leads borderline between Poland and Slovakia.
The peak rising above 3 valleys of Rybiego Potoku(West), Zabia Bielovodska(North) and Spadova(East) is located between Niznie Rysy in the South(separated by Ciezka Przelaczka pass) and Zabi Mnich crag in the North(separated by Bialczanska Wyznia pass) in the point where another ridge branches east culminating in nearby Mlynar peak on Slovak side
(both peaks are separated by Mlynarovo Sedlo pass).
To be topographically precise, the point in which that ridge going towards Mlynar begins is not the Zabi Wyzni main summit, but a small saddle in its closest neighbourhood(NW) known as Wyznia Spadowa pass(2235) what makes it a real geological curiosity in Tatra range conditions.
You can visit the area both from Slovak and Polish side of the mountains and it is usually visted from North while hiking or staying in one of neighbouring valleys of:
Rybiego Potoku or Bielovodska.
Both trailheads are easily accessible by public and private transport from Polish and Slovak side of the border. By car or you must get to Lysa Polana or Palenica Bialczanska(car parks). There are numerous bus connections to these places from Zakopane, Poprad and Stary Smokovec.
Slovak bus and train connection search
PKS Cracow – Zakopane bus departures
PKP - Polish Railways connection search
PKS Zakopane - buses
The nearest airports to Tatra mountains are located in Cracow(100 km)
in Poland and in Poprad nearby in Slovakia.
Routes OverviewThere are no marked trails to Zabi Szczyt Wyzni summit.
The nearest marked paths are the popular road leading down along Rybiego Potoku valley on Polish side to Morskie Oko chalet and further up to Rysy peak and the blue trail in Bielovodska valley on Slovak side.
The most convenient summit routes are not technically difficult, but demand good orientation in local topography. The more often used one leads from South-West from Czarny Staw pod Rysami lake and the second one reaches the summit from Spadova valley in the East accessible via Kamzicia Strbina pass - small saddle in Niznie Rysy eastern ridge, just below Tazka Veza summit crag.
Alpine climbing in the area can be practiced in compliance with National Park rules.
The real climbing challenge is 500 m high north face above Zabia Bielovodska valley offering some great routes of serious difficulty level in solid granite rock. The diretissima of the wall was successfully climbed in 1946 by Wanda Kaminska and Tadeusz Orlowski.
Zabi Szczyt Wyzni area - Map
Tatry Wysokie (High Tatra) map, in scale 1:25 000, description in 6 languages, ISBN 83-87873-26-8, available in all shops
and book stores in Zakopane . Here you can check the net version
Tatra Maps (English version)
When To ClimbBest time for climbing/hiking : August – October.
June/July : frequent t-storms ,heavy rainfall periods and foggy weather.
Planning visiting Tatra Mountains in winter, don't forget to check actual HZS avalanche forecast
Severe and extremely changeable high mountain climate …be always prepared for sudden weather breakdowns !
Rescue Phone Number : +48 601 100 300 or 18 300
TOPR - Tatra Mountain Rescue(Poland)
Horska Sluzba - Tatra Mountain Rescue(Slovakia)
Red TapeIt is Tatra National Park area and You are allowed to hike using only marked trails.
Watch out for strict rules of wildlife conservation.
Stay always respectful to mountain nature !
From 1.11 to 15.06 year by year all marked routes in TANAP(the whole Slovak side of Tatras) are being closed for tourists
(besides the routes leading to mountain chalets).
On 21.12.2007 Slovakia along with Poland signed Schengen Agreement and accessed to "open borders" Schengen Area,
however one must remember that National Park regulations prohibiting crossing the border beside marked trails in the whole area remain in force.
CampingLots of accomodation possibilities of different standard and price on both sides of Tatra Mountains.
The nearest mountain chalets in the area are Morskie Oko chalet in Rybiego Potoku valley and Stara Roztoka chalet in forests of lower part of Bielovodska valley, both on Polish side.
Morskie Oko chalet
Mail box 201
tel. +48 18 20 77 609
Stara Roztoka chalet
Mail box 200
tel. +48 18 20 77 442
In summer months, there is a camping place, deep in Bielovodska valley, at Polana pod Vysokou open. Considering staying there, one should be a member of a mountain club and pay the fee for staying there in the woodsman house at the entry to the valley first.
Camping in Tatra National Park except a few designated places is forbidden! | <urn:uuid:0c87cae2-c8a9-45ff-9658-9c902c7c80d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.summitpost.org/zabi-szczyt-wyzni/506053 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00062-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.909344 | 2,113 | 1.773438 | 2 |
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Explain what are directives ? Mention some of the most commonly used directives in Angular.js application ?
What is the "contract" property of endpoint in wcf?
What is the major importance for the usage of ods object? | <urn:uuid:5bc7f2b9-a018-4113-a431-c0f5e93c7214> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.allinterview.com/company/5804/star/interview-questions/521/icet.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.924504 | 230 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Mumbai/ New Delhi: On the night of May 12, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi set the nation of 1.3 billion people abuzz with promises of unleashing a massive stimulus to shore up an economy facing its deepest recession in decades.
A week later and after five drawn-out press conferences by his Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, the entire package of about 21 trillion rupees ($277 billion), or 10% of India gross domestic product, underwhelmed economists and investors alike. Many worked out that the actual fiscal cost amounts to just about 1% of GDP, sending stocks and the rupee down in the immediate aftermath.
The looming threat of a credit rating downgrade to junk may have held officials back from delivering a more immediate boost to the economy through, for example, direct cash handouts to citizens. India is facing public debt levels of 77% of gross domestic product, according to Fitch Ratings Ltd., and a fiscal deficit in double digits this year, putting it on the path for a rating cut.
Authorities are already opening up the bond market and need to borrow more to plug a revenue hole, so they can’t afford to lose an investment grade rating by straining the deficit further.
“The government appears to have given a fair degree of weight to the risks of a downgrade on account of risks from a high fiscal deficit and rising debt-to-GDP ratio — a clear recipe for future instability in macros, especially currency depreciation,” said Shubhada Rao, head of economics at QuantEco Research in Mumbai.
Even after the latest package, “the threat of a downgrade still exists” because of the likely sharp slump in the economy, she said.
According to Prachi Mishra, chief India economist at Goldman Sachs Group Inc., GDP will contract an annualized 45% in the second quarter from the prior three months. For the full year through March 2021, GDP is forecast to decline 5%, which would be deeper than any recession India has ever experienced.
Businesses have been clamoring for more state support to cushion the blow from the harshest stay-at-home rules in the world, which has left millions jobless. Former government officials and central bankers have increasingly called for extraordinary measures to counter the fallout.
What Bloomberg’s Economists Say
Even though we expect India’s GDP to contract and debt-to-GDP ratio to vault up in fiscal 2021, we don’t think a ratings downgrade would be justified. Looking ahead, recent structural reforms announced by the government should, in fact, continue to support the country’s investment grade rating.
— Abhishek Gupta, India Economist
India was already under fiscal stress before it entered the current crisis. The economy had been steadily slowing on the back of a credit crunch and slump in consumption, reaching an estimated 5% in the fiscal year through March, the lowest in more than a decade. The government missed its budget deficit target last year and set a goal of 3.5% of GDP for the current fiscal year.
Now, that’s likely to blow out even more as revenues suffer due to slowing growth. Citigroup Inc. is forecasting a fiscal deficit of 7.4% of GDP, a level last seen in 1991. Adding the shortfall from India’s 28 states would push up the deficit to 11.4% of GDP.
HSBC Holdings Plc estimates the true fiscal cost, after including borrowings by public sector entities, would stand at 13.3% of GDP this fiscal year. Moreover, the economic package includes government guarantees worth 2.1% of GDP to small and mid-sized businesses and shadow banks — and while that’s not a problem immediately, it would add to the fiscal deficit over time as defaults rise, HSBC said.
That’s a frightening prospect for many, and may invite a downgrade. Fitch Ratings and S&P Global Ratings rate India’s debt at the lowest investment grade level, while Moody’s Investor Service has an assessment one notch higher.
While none have commented after the recent measures, Fitch said last week it saw India’s public debt zoom to more than 77% of GDP in the current fiscal year, from its previous forecast of 71%.
With a downgrade likely to derail India’s ambitions of being included in global bond indexes and be part of a massive investment pool, Sitharaman is hoping rating companies will hold off on any move.
“The whole world is hit by coronavirus, so the ratings agencies will obviously have to see each economy in relation to the other,” Sitharaman told the Times of India in an interview published this week. “If my macroeconomic fundamentals are better than many, many other economies, that would come into play,” she added.
The government is planning to boost its domestic borrowing by more than 50% this year to plug the hole caused by sliding revenues and rising spending. That caused a sell-off in bonds and added to calls for the Reserve Bank of India to support the debt market, including directly purchasing government securities.
Given the tight spot India finds itself, there’s no easy way out.
“This is what you would call the hard place and the rock,” said Subhash Chandra Garg, a former top Finance Ministry official. “It’s definitely a tough situation. As a government you have to manage your finances on one hand and manage the economy, production, GDP growth, income in the country, on the other.” – Bloomberg | <urn:uuid:e2e9c684-6efd-406e-bf35-189e0782ec94> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theprint.in/economy/why-modi-govt-failed-to-give-a-big-fiscal-boost-to-economy-hit-by-coronavirus/425670/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.94864 | 1,160 | 1.75 | 2 |
The OGC provides advice and legal support to staff of the University regarding intellectual property. In collaboration with Commercial Development and Industry Partnerships (CDIP), the Research Office and the Copyright Officer, we assist staff with a variety of intellectual property related matters such as research contracts, patent registration, copyright licences and various other transactions entered into by the University.
The Intellectual Property Policy 2016 sets out the University’s policy about intellectual property, including reporting obligations, management and commercialisation of intellectual property owned by the University and disbursements back to inventors.
The intellectual property of the University is managed by the office of CDIP, with legal support from the OGC.
Types of intellectual property
The information below is intended as a very brief summary of different types of intellectual property rights that are most relevant to the University. For more information or for specific enquiries, please contact the OGC.
- Copyright provides free and automatic legal protection for original materials such as literary, artistic, dramatic, or musical works. The University has a detailed copyright portal on its website, which sets out information on the nature of copyright, the University’s policies and advice for staff and students. Copyright enquiries can be directed to the Copyright Officer or the OGC.
Software may also be protected by copyright. More information regarding software and open source licenses can be found on the CDIP website.
- A trade mark can refer to letters, words, phrases, sounds, smells, shapes, logos, pictures, aspects of packaging or a combination of these elements. In Australia, trade marks are applied for and registered with IP Australia, a government authority, and allow a trader the right to distinguish their goods and services from other traders. The University’s trade mark portfolio is managed by the Intellectual Property Unit within the office of CDIP. Any trade mark related enquiries should be directed to CDIP or the OGC.
- The term ‘confidential information’ means facts or information that are not in the public domain, including know-how and other proprietary information. Researchers who may wish to share or disseminate confidential information with external parties should contact the office of CDIP or the OGC directly to determine whether a Confidentiality Agreement is required.
- A patent is a right granted for a device, substance, method or process. There are various requirements which must be met in order to successfully register a patent. Once registered, a patent allows the owner an exclusive right to make commercial use of an invention for as long as that patent is in effect. All patents for University inventions are applied for through the office of CDIP. Members of staff and students can report intellectual property they create to CDIP by completing a Record of Invention Form which is available on the CDIP website.
Plant Breeders Rights
Also known as Plant Variety Rights, Plant Breeders Rights (PBR) is a form of protection granted to breeders of new varieties of plant. IP Australia is the registration authority in Australia and if the new variety meets the requirements set by IP Australia in respect to key criteria, then the breeder will be granted exclusive control over the propagating material and harvested material from the new variety for a number of years. The University’s PBR portfolio is managed by the Intellectual Property Unit within the office of CDIP.
Materials include new physical objects and matter such as chemical compounds, mice strains, germplasm, fibre optics, human and/or animal tissues (and resulting cell lines), pathogens, and others. In some cases the physical material will covered by a patent or its structural information may be protected by copyright. Researchers who wish to share their materials with researchers in other institutions or with companies should first contact CDIP or fill in an Outgoing MTA form available on the CDIP website. | <urn:uuid:65b5afc6-dc4c-4262-a214-f69a8a1f6fcc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://sydney.edu.au/legal/regulations/ip.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00538-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916522 | 771 | 1.640625 | 2 |
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Make sure you keep up-to-date with our latest courses: Receive exclusive news, previews and samples of upcoming releases. | <urn:uuid:c786ebf7-8c2a-4fcf-8076-1bddd37bccff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.macmillanenglish.com/email/join/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00132-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894325 | 149 | 1.5625 | 2 |
I was in the United States when Sarah Palin’s name emerged, like some sort of magic. I never saw an anonymous figure turn into a superstar in less than two days.
I heard, both here and in America, people lamenting this woman. This is America’s end, they said. She’s a devil of a woman. Yet those who said it live in the New York or Los Angeles bubble, and Palin isn’t New York – she is America.
Palin is a pretty woman. She comes from a small town at the end of the world. She is the governor of a state of fishermen and hunters, and she too enjoys hunting. She is a conservative and a mother to children one of whom is sick. She is a woman. An attractive woman. She is very Christian and she loves Mother Mary and God. She is different than Hillary Clinton. She is an American cowboy.
She knows how to talk to the gut of the Americans who do not go to a ballet performance once a month. She tells her people that it is possible to drive cars without becoming subjugated to the Arabs. So what if a few green areas will be destroyed in giant Alaska. She will give America fuel for cars and airplanes. America is a nation of cars and airplanes. Flights cost much more today, and people need to pay for extra luggage, yet the distances are great; people have to fly.
Most Americans live in small towns or in the suburbs. A woman I met in Los Angeles drives to work every day for an hour and a half, and then drives back another hour and a half. America barely has any passenger trains left. The car industry killed them. No American president can revive the trains, which used to be America’s pride, because the car industry is supported by wealthy and powerful bodies.
America likes straight talkersNo president can change the worst healthcare legislation in the Western world; in the US you need to be rich in order to be sick. Obama can yell as much as he wants to, but he cannot change the constitutional authorization to carry arms. America, just like Israel, is ruled by wealth. A significant number of representatives at Congress are up for sale. Nobody can change America’s nature; they may only be able to improve it a little here and there.
Well, Palin is a hunter, say her critics, while devouring yet another steak. She is against abortions and homosexuals. That’s really not nice, but most Americans think that if an abortion is needed, they’ll do it. And most homosexuals are still in the closet because they don’t care about the San Francisco gay pride parade. Those things look bad to me, but I’m not America. The America that lives in the suburbs has a son who studies here and a daughter who studies there, and they need to drive them to school in the morning, and for that they need fuel.
Palin speaks powerfully and boldly and America likes straight talkers. She is a woman who has done things on her own. Americans like that. She thinks that one can meet Jesus anywhere, and this is what 70 million evangelicals would also like to believe.
Whoever came up with the idea of nominating Palin as vice president is a genius. If elected she will be the
driving force in the Administration because she’s hungry for power. She has what we sometimes refer to as “killer instinct.”
Americans will vote for her more than they will for McCain, while he will bring the patriotism that is so typical of America – the God Loves America attitude. He knows something about national honor and he suffered during a war. She will bring the women, and the men who do not use color in their hair, and she will bring the presidency to her party, after its previous representative, George W. Bush, was trampled over everywhere. | <urn:uuid:45f383a2-2282-4849-a48e-2a8302a89296> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3595563,00.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00507-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973777 | 802 | 1.5 | 2 |
Frequent rains during September and continuing into October have kept cotton farmers out of their fields and have jeopardized the crop, according to Don Boquet, LSU AgCenter cotton specialist.
“Anything that delays harvest will reduce both yield and quality of the cotton.”
Boquet said farmers are seeing boll rot and staining of the fibers. “During wet periods, mold will grow on it. Tannins from the seed will stain it so that means it’s not as good as it otherwise would be.”
Rain also can knock the lint to the ground so it can’t be harvested. Wet fibers become weathered and weakened and can break during ginning.
Rain is forecast for most of the week of Oct. 5, and this will continue to reduce the quality of the crop and delay the harvest.
Weather has been a challenge this growing season, Boquet said. Conditions were wet when cotton went into the field in the spring. Then a midsummer drought affected some fields. Now farmers are hoping the weather will cooperate so they can complete the harvest.
Gins, which normally would be busy this time of the year, delayed opening until more of the crop was harvested.
Cotton has a long growing season, which makes it a risky crop to grow.
“Cotton can make a lot of money in a good year, but in a bad year it can lose a lot of money. So that’s why farmers are reluctant to plant it, and they plant grain crops instead.”
With 230,000 acres, Louisiana has the smallest cotton crop in recorded history. Boquet says problems with weather patterns this year are discouraging for farmers, but better prices could keep acreage from dropping even lower.
“If we could successfully harvest this crop, I think we could be back with equal acreage or a little more acreage next year because the price is probably going to go up in cotton.”
Boquet estimates that 60 to 70 percent of the crop is still in the field.
Last year’s cotton crop had a gross farm value of $122 million, according to the LSU AgCenter’s summary report for 2008. | <urn:uuid:463821a7-ba5b-4d02-9e8a-8fb0d170b440> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.deltafarmpress.com/cotton-rain-reduces-louisiana-crop | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974215 | 456 | 2.15625 | 2 |
The Expectations Verses The Reality Of New York
How could it be that something could look like a work of art from afar, but once you see it up close, it’s not at all what you expected? Tourists will travel for miles, and pay a fortune to visit the so called extravagant city of New York, that is portrayed to them in the post cards. Don’t get me wrong, New York is a beautiful place with amazing architectural aspects, but if you want my opinion, it looks way better from far away, or in a picture. This essay will compare and contrast two photos that contradict each other in a very big way. While my first photo which I decided to call ‘Bridge View’ is of a beautiful picture of the view from the Verizanno bridge, my second photo ‘Trash Tracks” portrays New York in an entirely different way. Every single day, I take the buss over the Verizanno Bridge, to get from Staten Island, to Brooklyn and whenever I’m on the bridge, I look out the window to see the sun reflecting off the water that leads to the tall, beautiful sky scrapers off in the distance. From up there, you could never guess that the water is nearly brown, and has probably every single piece of garbage you could imagine floating in it. You also can’t see all of the garbage that lines each and every street, side walk and train station. I have taken two images for this essay that will show off both the beauty, and reality that is Mew York.
My first picture ‘Bridge View’ is a documentary photo that I captured from the top of the Verizanno Bridge, as I was going back home to Staten Island, from Brooklyn. In this photo, you could clearly see the boat filled ocean, and sky line of buildings off in the distance. When I first took the picture, the frame was focused mainly on the land and trees, which is now off in the far right because I no longer wanted that to be the main aspect. Also, I did that to give off the affect of rule of thirds, so that your eyes aren’t drawn to the land, but to the buildings and boats on the water. I really wanted to capture more of the ocean and city line, because that is what people who have never been to New York would want to see. What I like most about this picture is how calm it makes the city appear to be. That is my favorite aspect of the photo because it is completely ironic how one photo could make something so hectic, seem so peaceful. Due to this picture being as calming and peaceful as it is, it makes me feel relaxed. There is one sentence that Susan Sontag wrote on photography which is “although the camera is an observation station, the act of photographing is more than passive observing.” I chose that quote because it was very relevant towards why I took this photo in the first place. If I never took a picture of the view from the bridge, then I never would’ve taken the time to really observe anything. I never would’ve paid any attention to the boats, or the reflection of the sun on the water, but the photo was that thing that made me stop and really look at things in a whole other perspective. I guess that the view from the bridge was something that I was so used to seeing, so I never really stopped to appreciate the sights from up there until I took my Bridge View photo.
My second picture, which is also a documentary photo, is definitely not nearly as peaceful and calming as the first one. I captured this picture of all the garbage and litter on the sub way tracks as I was waiting to get on the R train. Those looking at this photo are able to see two large piles of trash, which consist of mostly items that should have been recycled. This picture was originally showing more stray garbage along the tracks, but I decided to only put those two piles in the frame because it gives off the full affect. This photo makes me feel truly disgusted by the city I call home, and the people who think it’s okay to just throw their trash on the tracks, mean while there is a garbage bin no more than five feet away. I am the type of person to never throw my garbage on the ground, even if there is no garbage bin within reach, I would hold it until I find one. It is horrible and sad to think about how someone might be the cleanest person in all of New York, with a spotless house, yet technically, they still live in filth. It pains me to think about how lazy people could be to throw their non- biodegradable trash wherever they stand, just because they can’t hold it for ten more seconds until they get the chance to throw it out. Seeing what I saw the day I took that photo really made me wonder weather or not any one even cares about the environment we all live in. Those who think it’s okay to just throw their garbage anywhere else besides a trash can need to realize the affects that they are having on the world. It just really made me wish that people would care more about the appearance and environment of the city that is admired by so many people from allover the world on a daily basis.
So, those are the two photos that I captured for this essay, and I picked them because each of them managed to easily contradict the other photo. The first photo portrays how somebody may view New York, without getting the full affect from actually coming here. My second photo was more of a reality check on the fact that New York is more then just a nice view. Both of these pictures seemed perfect to compare and contrast because they each show two different sides, of the exact same place. The pictures actually reminded me of one of those “expectation verses reality” comparisons that you could find basically anywhere on social media. Yes, my second picture was taken at the subway station and everyone knows that the subway isn’t going to be the cleanest and nicest places in the world, but there is no reason for it to look like that. So with the fact of the matter being that both of my pictures are from the exact same place, it is crazy how different the city could look from up close, rather then it does from far away. | <urn:uuid:3ada64ec-e370-4070-a798-b1d4a5ad609d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/scanlan-english1101-d345-f2015/2015/11/09/the-expectations-verse-the-reality-of-new-york/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.981434 | 1,326 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Famous People With Dyslexia
It is often thought that those diagnosed with dyslexia are held back by their disability. The reality, however, is that there are many notoriously famous people both in the past and the world today who have overcome this disability in order to accomplish great things in their lives. From Hans Christian Andersen to Anderson Cooper, the list is endless. Just take a look at a few of these famous dyslexics and what they have accomplished.
Our List of Famous People With Dyslexia:
Muhammad Ali was an greatest American professional boxer of all time .This is a story of Muhammad Ali’s Fight with Dyslexia. As a high school student, many of his teachers labeled Ali dumb. He knew who the real dummies were.
Tommy Hilfiger is an Iconic fashion designer Tommy Hilfiger created an all American brand of clothing that remains popular among men and women of all ages since its debut in the 1980s.
Billy Bob Thornton is an American actor, screenwriter, director and musician. He has struggles with ADD and dyslexia.
Keira Knightley The film star was diagnosed with dyslexia when she was just six years old. Though some may see dyslexia as being detrimental for an aspiring actress, Knightley used it as a springboard for her career.
Vince Vaughn had trouble both reading and paying attention. The school insisted that he be given on medication for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, but Vince’s father refused to even consider it as an option. Not only was Vince suffering from ADHD, but he also had dyslexia and found it difficult to keep up. He was put into special classes for kids with learning disabilities.
Steven Spielberg When people think of successful filmmakers in Hollywood, Steven Spielberg is typically at the top of the list. Most people, even his loyal fans, would never guess that the famous director has struggled with dyslexia throughout his entire life. What is even more amazing is the fact that his learning disorder went undiagnosed for years.
Jay Leno With Jay Leno.” His face is universally recognized, and his controversial private life is constantly appearing in supermarket tabloids and on entertainment news. Yet unbeknownst by most, Leno has struggled with the learning disorder, dyslexia, since childhood.
Hans Christian Andersen was Danish author, best known for his children’s stories such as “The Little Mermaid”, “Thumbalina”, and “The Ugly Duckling”.
Michael “Atters” Attree is an English satirist writer and comedian and had a hand in authoring quite a few books, British television shows, and theatre.
Abhishek Bachchan is Bollywood actor and producer, and is married to actress and former Miss World Aishwarya Rai.
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German pianist and composer and is one of the most influential composers of all time. He continued to compose, perform, and conduct even after becoming completely deaf.
Michael Bennet is a lawyer, business man, and politician. He is currently serving as the junior United States Senator for Colorado and is a member of the Democratic party.
Louise Arnold is an English author who was discovered in BBC’s “Find the Next J.K. Rowling” contest. She has since authored three books in the “Golden and Grey” children’s stories series.
Orlando Bloom is an English actor best known for his role as Legolas in the “Lord of the Rings” trilogy and then as Will Turner in the “Pirates of the Caribbean” trilogy. He was also named the UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in October of 2009.
Roberto Bolaño was a Chilean novelist and poet, best known for his work “The Savage Detectives”. He was post humously awarded the National Book Critics Circle Award for his fiction work, “2666”.
Jeremy Bonderman debuted in major league baseball for the Oakland Tigers. He was then traded from Oakland to Detroit and is now a free agent.
Richard Branson is one of the most well known entreprenuers of his time. As the founder of the Virgin Group, he has had his hand in the music industry, transportation, and telecommunications. He has also set a goal to break as many world records as possible.
Erin Brockovich is the president of Brockovich Research and Consulting. She was instrumental and the head of an investigation and construction of the case against the Pacific Gas and Electric Company in California and is the feature player in a movie written about her own life.
Octavia Butler was a famous American science fiction writer and is one of the most well known African-American writers in the field. She has won the Hugo and Nebula awards and was the first science fiction author to win the MacArthur Foundation Genius Grant.
Thomas Edison is an American inventor and scientist who has created innovations that have revolutionized the way things are done today. He invented the light bulb, phonograph, motion picture camera, and is credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.
Salma Hayek is a successful Mexican actress, producer and director who was born on September 2, 1966
Charles “Pete” Conrad, Jr. was a naval officer for the American Navy, an engineer, an astronaut, and the third person to walk on the moon. He was the 20th person and the 10th American to fly in space and flew on the Gemini 5, Gemini 11, Apollo 12, and Skylab 2 space missions for NASA.
Carl XVI Gustaf is the king of Sweden and is formally known as “His Majesty Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden”. Due to a new law establishing equal primogeniture, his heir apparent is his oldest child, Crown Princess Victoria.
Dave Chalk is a Canadian broadcaster and technology journalist and is known as a unique entrepreneur. At a young age, he was written off by the school system due to dyslexia, but has since become one of the most successful serial entrepreneurs of his time. He has invested in and sold over 20 businesses and made his first million from nothing by the age of 23.
Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian inventor, is truly one of the original Renaissance men. He is best known for his art work. He is the creator of such masterpieces as “The Mona Lisa”, “The Last Supper”, and his drawing of the “Vitruvian Man”. He is also known for his technological conceptualisation of the helicopter, the tank, the calculator, and many other modern day inventions.
Cher (Cherilyn Sarkisian) is an American singer, actress, director, and record producer but is best known as “The Goddess of Pop”. She got her start as half of the duo Sonny and Cher and has since won an Emmy Award, three Golden Globes, an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, a Cannes Film Festival Award, and a People’s Choice Award for her success in television, music, and film.
Stephen J. Cannell was the founder of Stephen J. Cannell Productions and was an American writer, novelist, producer and occasional actor. He was the creator or co-creator of many shows, most notably “The A-Team”, “The Rockford Files”, and “21 Jump Street”.
Chaz Bono, formerly Chastity Bono, is the only child of Cher and Sonny Bono. He is an author, musician, actor, and one of the biggest advocates and supporters of the LGBT Rights movement. He is also one of the most famous figures to publicly go through female to male gender transition.
Anderson Cooper is a well known television personality as well as an American journalist and author. He spent many years filming journalism pieces in war-torn regions of Somalia, Rwanda, Bosnia, and is currently a commentator for CNN.
Tom Cruise is an American actor and producer who has had many leading roles in popular films throughout the past two decades. He has been proclaimed to be one of the few producers who can guarantee the success of of a billion dollar film franchise and is well known for his controversial support of the Church of Scientology.
Keira Knightley is an English model and actress who received her first break in international fame in the films “Bend it Like Beckham” and the “Pirates of the Caribbean” trilogy. “Forbes” magazine has listed her as the second highest paid actress in Hollywood, and is the only non-American actress to make this list. She has been nominated for several awards such as the Academy Award for Best Actress, two Golden Globe Awards for Best Actress, and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her acting in the film “Atonement”.
Patrick Dempsey is a well known American actor and race car driver. He is best known for his role as “McDreamy”, Dr. Derek Shepherd, in the dramatic television series “Grey’s Anatomy”. He has also had a roles in many films such as “Enchanted”, “Made of Honor”, and “Sweet Home Alabama”.
Albert Einstein was a German theoretical physicist, author, and is one of the most influential scientists and intellectuals of all time. He has published over 300 scientific and over 150 non-scientific works and has received several honorary doctrate degrees from numerous American and European colleges. His name “Einstein” has in modern day, become synonymous with the word “genius”.
Alexander Faludy became the youngest undergraduate at Cambridge in over 200 years at the age of 15. Although he could barely write his own name, he has become an English student and is known as a former child prodigy.
Whoopi Goldberg is an American actress, comedienne, political activist, singer, song writer, and talk show host. Her first film role was as Celie in “The Color Purple” in 1985, and her career has only blossomed since. She has been nominated and won several awards and has done numerous films in her career. She can currently be seen as a co-host on the popular television show, “The View”.
Steve Jobs is best known as the co-founder and CEO of Apple, a computer and telecommunications company. Along with Mike Markkula, Steve Wozniak, and many others, he helped design, develop, and market one of the first successful personal computer line called the Apple II series. He is listed as the primary inventor or co-inventor of over 230 awarded patents or patent applications related to technologies from computer and portable devices to user interfaces, speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps, sleeves, lanyards and packages.
Ingvar Kamprad is the Swedish founder of IKEA and is the eleventh wealthiest person in the world according to “Forbes” magazine. He started dabbling in business at a young age selling matches from his bicycle and eventually expanded his ventures into other areas. At the age of 17, his father gave him a cash reward for his success in his studies. He used this cash to establish IKEA and has been building the IKEA empire ever since.
Lindsay Wagner is best known as an actress for her role as Jaime Sommers in the series “The Bionic Woman for which she was nominated and won an Emmy Award. However, she originally got her start as a model in Los Angeles and as the host of “Playboy After Dark”. She has had many other roles in both film and television, however she is most famous for “The Bionic Woman”.
Marcus Brigstocke is an English comedian and satirist who has had his hand in stand up comedy, radio, television, and musical theatre. He also played a cameo role in “Love Actually” as Mike, the radio personality who interviews Billy Mack.
John Lennon was an English singer and song writer who gained his international notariety as one of the founders and member of The Beatles. After the break up of the popular singing group, he went on to a career as a solo artist and as a song writer for many other popular singers and groups. He was a leader in the anti-war movement during the Vietnam War era, and his songs were adopted as the anthem for the anti-war movement. In 1980, he was shot four times in the back at the entrance to his New York apartment building by Mark David Chapman.
Henry Winkler is best known as an actor for his role as Arthur Fonzerelli in the television show “Happy Days”. He has had his hand in everything from acting, writing, producing, and has even become the spokesman for the Dyslexia Foundation. He has shown his support of the Dyslexia Foundation through the writing and reading/book tours of his children’s book series about Hank Zipzer, the fourth grade dyslexic boy who became “the worlds greatest underachiever”.
As you can see, there are a variety of famous dyslexics who have become famous in a variety of genres. There are so many more that could not be listed, however the list is almost endless. None of these famous names let their disability hold them back. Instead, they rose above their insecurities and became some of the most notable names in literary, musical, and film history. | <urn:uuid:4b2bab73-b36b-4588-8547-49577be77fa1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thepowerofdyslexia.com/famous-dyslexics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00400-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989003 | 2,831 | 2.234375 | 2 |
- Plie Squat Jump
This exercise tones down your abs and legs. Get into a squatting position with legs shoulder width apart and hands clasped in front of the chest. Now jump up and tap your heels together before landing. Try to attain maximum height. Repeating this for 30 to 4 seconds will be enough.
- Double Jump
Start with a squat position with legs one foot apart. Jump up and land down in a lunge position with right leg forward. Jump up again and land back into the original squat position. Repeat this with the left leg to complete one rep. 45 minutes of this workout is enough to tone your abs, legs and hips.
Lie down on the floor face down, palms next to chest and toes facing in. Do an upward push-up so that you swiftly place your left foot in between your hands and get into a pile squat. Now do it in a reverse motion. This exercise works on your most of your body parts; shoulders, triceps, abs, buts and legs hence making it a complete exercise.
- Plank-Straddle Hop
Get into a plank position with feet a foot apart. Spread out your legs in a hop in order to make a V and then back to the plank position with feet one foot apart. Do this for 30 to 45 seconds. You can also perform reps of 30 seconds. It works on your abs and lower abdomen.
- Plyometric Push-ups
These are just like your standard push-ups except for the fact that you have to push yourself off the ground until the hands leave the ground completely. Try to reach maximum height and land with your palms again. It is advisable to not clap while you are off ground as it can hurt you especially if you are a beginner.
- Box Jumps
This is probably something that you have done when you were a child. Find a box and keep your strength and height in mind. To perform a box jump, get into the squat position and jump from in order to land on the box and step back to the ground. Repeat this in sets to get the best effect.
- Broad Jumps
Broad Jump is a strength builder and works on your quadriceps and glute muscles. Get into the squat position first with feet parted at shoulder length. Jump up with all the energy in your body. Land on the ground and repeat it till you are exhausted. You can also perform this in sets of 20.
- Skater Jumps
Skater Jumps enhance your quadriceps and glute muscles and increases lateral strength. Start with a squat position. Make sure that your legs are closed and larger part of your weight is on the right leg. Push your right leg in opposite direction and land softly on the left leg that is behind it. Repeat this with your left leg completes one rep.
- Lateral Lunge
Lateral lunge is a critical exercise but is extremely good for strength building and toning down your hips, abs and legs. This is the best exercise to give you maximum sweating without any risk of injury. It is a bight tough to get the right posture so make sure you get the lunge right. | <urn:uuid:cece12b6-1f1b-4139-9bd5-a7b3cb1fa25c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sportbet8.com/2017/06/26/9-fat-burning-plyometric-exercises/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.931521 | 655 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Recent Tutoring Session Reviews
"Today we reviewed more subjunctive, and reviewed preterite and imperfect. The student finished all her graded assignments, and will take her test this week or the beginning of next. We also briefly discussed pronunciations for different vowel-consonant combinations."
"We reviewed for her test today. The material is review from last year: possessive adjectives, present tense conjugations with reflexive verbs, and IOPs with gustar-like verbs. She does pretty well with present tense verbs and reflexive pronouns. We reviewed some vocabulary."
"The student shows great skill for Spanish at her level and clearly worked hard last class. Her skills are better than she realizes. Her teacher offers little structure currently but hopefully soon this will improve. Classes are held in conversation mostly (orally), and the student needs more practice speaking/ responding in Spanish. I will try to help link speaking with writing and reviewing concepts of the language to tie together the learning and make it longer term."
"Today we went over irregulars in the preterite tense, as well as the difference between preterite and irregular tenses."
"During this session, the student and I discussed the quiz that he took last week. Nearly all of the mistakes that he made was with conjugating verbs in the preterite. So this is something that we will need to work on. Practicing these verbs will be key for future tests. As a "to-do" for our next session, I have asked him to go through the verbs that he missed on the test and conjugate them in both the present and preterite first without studying or reviewing any material. From there, I would like for him to look up the correct conjugations and cross reference his answers. This will help us to see where we need to focus on the verbs for the upcoming sessions. On Monday, he has a vocabulary quiz. He mentioned that it would be strictly vocabulary, but I mentioned that it would be best to confirm with the teacher whether or not any grammar would be included. From there, we focused the majority of the night on the vocabulary for his quiz. The student also made flashcards of the words that he did not know and we went over those again. Additionally, we did practice conjugating some of the verbs that were on his vocabulary list such as obtener and emocionarse, just to get a head start in case conjugation will be required for the quiz. With more practice with verbs and grammar, I feel confident that we can increase his grade in the class."
"In this session we continued the review of the camping-related vocabulary. I also helped the student review some of her homework and do a few extra practice pages in her workbook. To prepare for a quiz that she has on Friday we also did conversational practice where I asked her questions about the last time she went camping, including who she went with, what she saw, activities that she did, etc. I can tell she has a firm grasp on the chapter vocabulary." | <urn:uuid:eba3b71b-0c68-492d-be1a-8f84aa67723a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.varsitytutors.com/cordova-german-tutoring | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981208 | 632 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Course module details
The MSc Business Analysis and Strategic Management course focuses on real international management issues and how to solve them. A key element of the course is our unique client-facing project which allows you to put your learning into practice.
You explore the operation of multinational enterprises and undertake comparative business analysis, while gaining the practical skills necessary to work efficiently in an international business environment. Alongside a thorough understanding of business analysis and development, you graduate with the key skills of international business consulting, such as framing international business problems, writing business reports and preparing for interviews.
You have the opportunity to apply your learning to real business problems through a client-facing project within an external client organisation, giving you valuable experience and generating excellent networking opportunities.
Recent examples of project clients include:
- BAE Systems
- Manchester Chamber of Commerce
The client-facing project is a unique element of this course that provides an excellent opportunity to test, improve and enhance the knowledge and skills learned in the classroom. This consultancy project, lasting up to three months over the summer, involves you in either supporting a start-up company, finding growth opportunities for a medium-sized firm, or improving the effectiveness and efficiency of a function within a large, blue chip company.
Download a brochure
describing the scheme.
Course units details
The course consists of both compulsory and optional taught units. The compulsory units are built around the problems of strategic management, the operation of multinational enterprises, comparative business analysis and the skills necessary to work efficiently in a international business environment. The optional courses allow you to specialise in particular aspects of strategic management and business analysis.
Compulsory course units include:
- Comparative and Global Management;
- Business Models: Theory and Practice;
- Organisational Design and Strategy: International Contexts;
- Analysing companies: Business Models, Narrative and Numbers;
- Research Design and Methods.
Optional course units include:
- Asian Business and Comparative Management;
- Business Environment and Strategy in China;
- Configuration of Companies for Capability Building;
- Digital Technologies, Development and Emerging Markets;
- International Human Resource Management;
- Managing Organisations for Growth;
- Strategy Formulation;
- Technology, Innovation Management and Business Strategy;
- The Management of International Organisational Change;
- The Political Economy of Global Business.
You can choose one optional unit from any Alliance MBS MSc programme (excluding MSc Management and MSc Organisational/Business Psychology) on condition that you produce a 200-word justification and the application is approved by the Course Director and unit tutor.
During the summer period, you will have the opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills learnt during the first two semesters, enhance your skills while working with a major real life client and work as part of a team. The result of this project is presented as a research report/dissertation. This part of the course is closely related to the Manchester Method that enables you to experience experiential learning and helps you to become a reflective practitioner or manager.
The project is offered if you gain a minimum of 50% in each first semester course unit. If not, you will be offered a project related to an external client, with no direct contact with the client. For those working on group projects, a group report and an individual report will be produced (both 6,000 words).
Alternatively, you may undertake an academic dissertation of 12,000 words. Your supervisor will help you to define the research and advise, guide and support you throughout.
Coursework and assessment
Assessment varies depending on the modules chosen. It may include a combination of coursework, group project assessment, presentations, assignments, report, individual essay and examinations. The summer project is offered if you gain a minimum of 50% in each first semester course unit. Alternatively, you may undertake a dissertation of 12,000 words.
Masters information sessions
We are hosting a series of informal information sessions for undergraduates who are thinking about pursuing a masters course at Alliance Manchester Business School.
Our Masters courses aren't just for business graduates - from business analytics to operations, and marketing to finance, we have 17 courses to choose from. Join us to meet a careers advisor, admissions staff and current students and discover how our courses can boost your career prospects.
Also, a number of graduates have the opportunity to progress directly onto the Full-time MBA programme as a Young Potential Leader - could you be one of them?
Choose from the following dates:
Wednesday 15 February 2017, 12.00 - 1.30pm
Wednesday 15 March 2017, 12.00 - 1.30pm
Wednesday 26 April 2017, 12.00 - 1.30pm
Wednesday 10 May 2017, 12.00 - 1.30pm
All events are held in the Atrium, Alliance MBS East building (on the corner of Oxford Road and Booth Street East) - number 26 on the campus map.
For further information and to register your interest in attending, please see the Alliance MBS website
Events round the world
We take part in events both at home and around the world, and we'd be delighted to meet you in your country
. If you are visiting Manchester and you are unable to attend one of the Masters Information Sessions, you are welcome to organise a personal visit
Practical support and advice for current students and applicants is available from the Disability Advisory and Support Service. Email: email@example.com | <urn:uuid:3f1a5294-59af-43f1-a188-42031c5d220d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mbs.ac.uk/masters/courses/business-analysis-strategic-management/about-the-course.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00174-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896796 | 1,129 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Nicaragua: Better Storage for Better Sales
WFP’s logistics team held a workshop for agricultural cooperative members in the departments of Jinotega, Matagalpa and Estelí. The training focused on the handling and storage of foods in their warehouses.
The purpose of the workshop was to strengthen the knowledge of the cooperative members on the steps to take in the storage of grains in the warehouses of their organizations.
Cooperatives that are participants in WFP’s "Purchase for Progress-P4P" initiatives, use their warehouses as storage centers for local produce. Maintaining food storage standards which include proper loading, adequate light and ventilation, elimination of moisture, among other things, ensures that the organizations can get the best market price for their goods.
The workshop was held in the municipality of Condega, Estelí. The 18 participants shared personal experiences about stowage, losses, cleaning techniques, inventory, shipping and pest control. This created an environment that allowed the participants to not only learn from WFP but also from each other. | <urn:uuid:ac3258f1-affc-421d-8ac7-6973d0e0dd02> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://m.wfp.org/stories/better-storage-better-sales?device=mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00529-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947951 | 219 | 1.757813 | 2 |
- slide 1 of 5
Emphasizing and Capital Lettering in Web Design
Using bold, italics, underlining or color can bring attention to text on a webpage that has a busy layout. Bold should be used sparingly. Italics can be difficult to read on low resolution screens as a result of their distorted shape. Underlining and color should not be used to emphasize text since they may be confused with hyperlinks.
As a rule, capital lettering should not be used for content text. Not only is it perceived as being rude and inelegant, readability is inhibited. The exception is for personal names and location acronyms.
- slide 2 of 5
The size of a web font determines the importance of the content as well as the look and feel of a web page. For a traditional and elegant look in your web design, any variances in font size should be incremental. However, modern style leans towards extreme changes in font sizes with large headings and lighter colored fonts than the content text.
- slide 3 of 5
Line, Letter and Word Spacing
Line spacing brings the style and readability of the web fonts and content displayed on a page. There is a direct correlation between the length of a text line and the width for spacing. For longer passages, a wider spacing makes it easier on the eye. Alternatively, short blurbs with tight spacing draw attention to the reader.
In most cases, letter spacing should not be considered since it is not cross browser friendly. However, web designers may want to use it for short, attention grabbing headings. To get around incompatibility issues, spaces between letters can be controlled by creating images with graphics software.
Word spacing should not be adjusted. If you find that your text requires adjustments in this manner, you should reconsider the web font for your page.
- slide 4 of 5
A left alignment is best for text on a website since viewers tend naturally gaze left to right. Justified does not work well with web pages since text has a tendency to crush itself together or create wide gaps. Right aligned content is difficult to read and is recommended for short text passages.
- slide 5 of 5
Compatible Web Fonts
Not all fonts are compatible with the Internet. Every user has different settings and software on their computers that affect what they are able to view on their screen. The use of CSS gives web designers flexibility, but cannot account for every possibility. To work around it, text can be replaced by creating an image or using sIFR (Scalable Inman Flash Replacement). Websites like Lynotype can also help designers choose an appropriate web font. | <urn:uuid:1f07a8cb-72bf-44ab-82eb-707a988bfbae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brighthub.com/internet/web-development/articles/32351.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00152-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910169 | 543 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The effects of Cu and Fe availability on the growth and Cu:C ratios of marine diatoms
Limnol. Oceanogr., 53(6), 2008, 2451-2461 | DOI: 10.4319/lo.2008.53.6.2451
ABSTRACT: We investigated the effects of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) availability on the growth rates, cellular Cu content, and steady-state Cu uptake rates of eight species of centric diatoms (coastal and oceanic strains). Whereas Fe and Cu availability had a significant effect on the growth rates of both costal and oceanic diatoms, an interaction between Fe and Cu availability and growth rates was only observed for the oceanic diatoms. Determination of cellular Cu : carbon (C) quotas using the radiotracers 67Cu and 14C revealed that under Cu-sufficient conditions oceanic diatoms had elevated Cu :C ratios relative to coastal strains, regardless of Fe availability. Two species (one oceanic and one coastal) significantly increased their Cu demands in response to Fe limitation, indicating upregulation of the Cu-dependent high-affinity Fe uptake system in these organisms. The changes in cellular Cu :C ratios were accompanied by variations in steady-state Cu uptake rates. Thus, in some cases Cu uptake rates appear to be regulated by the cell in response to Fe availability. Rates of Cu acquisition also responded significantly to Cu variability. The variation in Cu uptake was more closely correlated with changes in total Cu concentration in the medium than in inorganic, free Cu concentrations, implying that organic Cu complexes may be bioavailable to diatoms. These findings indicate a greater biological role for Cu than was previously thought in open ocean regions. | <urn:uuid:d0a7f4bf-6a4a-4e73-a14a-4a38e5df6a09> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_53/issue_6/2451.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00158-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942678 | 358 | 2 | 2 |
What is it? For this procedure, a bariatric surgeon creates a small pouch that bypasses the stomach and attaches to the intestine. It’s also known as Roux-en-Y procedure. Estimated weight loss: 70-80 percent of excess weight loss over two years
Attend a free seminar:
Or call us (516) 374-8631.
How is surgery done? This can be done in one of two ways. In one, the surgeon uses a laparoscope and makes several small incisions in the abdomen, or stomach area. The second is a traditional surgery performed through a 10- to 12-inch incision in the abdomen.
How does this help me lose weight? The small pouch limits the amount of food you can eat. And because it’s connected to the intestines, it reduces the number of calories your body will absorb.
Advantages of Gastric Bypass
- Longest track record compared to other weight loss surgeries
- Weight loss tends to be greater than with LAP-BAND®
Disadvantages of Gastric Bypass
- "Dumping syndrome," which causes abdominal cramps, nausea and diarrhea, occurs if sweets and chocolates are eaten
- Longer recovery time
- Surgery is permanent
- Nutritional/mineral supplements required
- More surgically involved than sleeve gastrectomy or LAP-BAND surgery, so there is greater risk
Click here to view a 40-minute interactive video from Emmi Education to learn more about gastric bypass surgery. (Links to an external website.)
What to expect before, during and after surgery
Calculate Your BMI
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What is it? For this procedure, a bariatric surgeon removes part of the stomach and shapes the remaining...
What is it? This procedure is also called lap band or gastric band surgery. For this procedure, a bariatric surgeon...
What is it? For this procedure, a bariatric surgeon creates a small pouch that bypasses the stomach and attaches...
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What to Expect
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At South Nassau Communities Hospital, we offer a team approach to weight loss. Our highly skilled bariatric staff...
Center of Excellence
The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) has named South Nassau Communities Hospital's...
Interested in starting your weight loss journey? Contact Us... | <urn:uuid:fed21d16-21da-4879-8da6-cccf96d33c1a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.southnassau.org/main/gastric-bypass.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00047-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928056 | 733 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Unions fight-back legislation in Nova Scotia
Hundreds of union members from across the province descended on opening day of the Nova Scotia Legislature on September 21, 2017. The workers, from several public sector unions, drowned out the Throne Speech being given inside at the same time. They sent a message to the McNeil Liberal Government that we will defend collective bargaining rights. “The unions will be around a lot longer than this Liberal Government!”
- See photos of the rally on Flickr.
Organized by the Nova Scotia Federation of Labour, CUPE was joined by members of Unifor, the Nova Scotia Government and General Employees Union (NSGEU), the Nova Scotia Nurses Union (NSTU), the Nova Scotia Teachers’ Union (NSTU), the Canadian Union of Postal Workers (CUPW), Service Employees International Union (SEIU), IUOE Local 727 (paramedics), and the Canadian Federation of Students.
Three national union leaders joined provincial leaders to speak at the event. CUPE National President Mark Hancock led the packed agenda that also included Larry Brown, NUPGE president; and Jerry Dias, Unifor president. Other speakers included Alex Furlong, Canadian Labour Congress; Gary Burrill, leader of the NS New Democrats; and CUPE NS President Nan McFadgen.
“We’re here to send a message,” said Hancock. “We will take you on at the bargaining table. We will take you on in the courts. And by god, we’ll take you on in the streets.”
- Watch Mark’s speech.
Highlights of the rally included “Stomping Steve” cut-outs that hovered over the crowd of workers and the sea of CUPE pink t-shirts and banners. The Dixie Dogs (a local, unionized six-piece band) provided music for the event, led by NS Federation of Labour President Danny Cavanagh. The rally was briefly suspended so that a military procession, which traditionally opens the Legislature before all Throne speeches, could respectfully be given thoroughfare to march through the streets of the rally.
Since 2013, public sector workers including teachers, nurses, school board and child care workers, civil servants, the arts community and many others – more than 70,000 workers – have been subjected to unrelenting interference in the collective bargaining process by the Liberal government.
On August 22, 2017, the Liberal government proclaimed Bill 148 that imposes a wage package and freezes a negotiated benefit known as the retirement allowance or service award. This benefit is eliminated for all new hires post April 2015. On September 8, 2017, the unions filed a request to be added as parties at the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal.
The McNeil Liberal Government has introduced or proclaimed seven pieces of legislation in its ongoing attack on unions.
The Health Authorities Act restructured the health care system, unnecessarily reduced the number of bargaining units, and attempted to assign union representation rights.
Trade Union Act amendments made it harder for workers to exercise their right to unionize and secure first collective agreements.
The Essential Home Support Services Act directly interfered in the collective bargaining of home support workers.
The Essential Health and Community Services Act limits job action rights of more than 40,000 workers in acute care, long term care, group homes, home support, child protection and other sectors.
The Teachers’ Professional Agreement and Classroom Improvement Act imposes a collective agreement on teachers after they rejected the contract terms three times.
The Universities Accountability and Sustainability Act allows universities to override collective agreements during five-year “revitalization” periods.
The Public Services Sustainability Act freezes and limits wage increases, sets the term of collective agreements and puts an end to long-service awards.
These attacks on public sector workers are unfair and likely unconstitutional. They’ll also do serious damage to the economy.
The wage restraint sections of Bill 148 are wage restraints, not imposed economic increases. For example, the economic increase in the third year cannot be more than one per cent, meaning in theory something less could be negotiated, but nothing greater. The retirement allowance, a freely negotiated benefit, is being unfairly taken without being offset and in effect takes wages from members that have been deferred until retirement.
These wage restraints will reduce purchasing power as the rising cost of living outpaces wage gains. Better wages are necessary to get the economy growing and reduce inequality.
There is a better way
There are steps the Nova Scotia government can take to put people first, protect the public services we need, create good jobs and a stronger economy.
The Liberal Government should recognize the public sector as a driver of economic growth. Top quality health care and education are important industries, not a drain on society.
“Stephen McNeil would have you believe there are no alternatives. But he’s wrong,” stated McFadgen. “We believe change is possible.” | <urn:uuid:457e3161-8d00-482c-a729-8e000e1faaaa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cupe.ca/nova-scotia-liberal-government-stomping-workers-rights | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.940436 | 1,048 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Gastritis, medically explained as inflammation of the lining of the stomach, is one of those medical conditions that can be healed and managed by using effective home remedies. This condition develops when the white blood cells penetrate the walls of the stomach, most of the time as a result of an injury. There are cases of both acute and chronic gastritis. People with iron deficiency conditions are prone to suffering from long-term gastritis. Home remedies that can effectively deal with this condition are vital to consider to prevent a worsening of the condition. This is because many cases of stomach ulcers have been pointed to gastritis as the culprit.
As a general rule, the most effective way to keep away from suffering the implications of gastritis is to avoid doing or at least staying close to what causes its development. For example, avoid eating spicy foods in excessive amounts so that you reduce the possibility of developing inflamed gastric walls. Other items and habits that you need to stay away from is the consumption of excessive alcoholic drinks, condiments and other spices, sour food items (such as pickles), coffee, strong teas, and of course smoking.
Difficulty with digestion would also put the stomach linings at risk for injuries. Chewing fresh ginger can stimulate digestion and help in preventing gastritis. Coconut water is another common home remedy for gastritis due to its capability to calm down and soothe the stomach linings.
Juices of natural products such as potatoes and lemons are also great remedies for inflamed gastric wall.
If you have roasted fennels at home, you can chew this after eating your meals and you will find relief from the pain of gastritis.
If you have licorice root tea, you can also turn to this as one of your home remedies for gastritis. All you have to do is put ½ teaspoon of this tea to one cup of hot water and drink it regularly three times a day. As a reminder, you need to strain this mixture before you drink it.
One of the most cost-effective home remedies for gastritis is to apply a hot compress to your stomach when you are not full. If you do not have a hot pack, you can also put hot water in a bottle and place it on your stomach. Just be sure that you can tolerate the heat so as to prevent scalding on that area of the body.
Another effective home remedy for gastritis can be prepared by rolling one or two pieces of garlic on dried seedless grapes. Eat it and you would certainly find relief from the pain brought about by inflamed stomach linings.
Have you ever heard of black salt? Well, mixing one part of black salt with six parts of Sprague powder would make an ideal remedy for gastritis. Another variation of this mixture is achieved by means of combining 125 grams of curd to ½ gram of black salt and 2 grams of Sprague. This mixture is one of the most effective home remedies for gastritis.
If you want to get rid of the pains brought by inflamed stomach linings, dry friction and sponge baths everyday would free you from being troubled by gastritis. This only shows that one of the most effective home remedies for gastritis are those that are cost-effective and very easy to do.
Tags: stomach conditions | <urn:uuid:cbf58055-c512-4b06-a330-88f6522d1e87> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.homeremedytreatment.com/home-remedies-for-gastritis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00190-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95749 | 671 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Florida politicians will not change pediatrician resolve to advocate for and protect children. There’s no question that a gag order cannot halt a passionate child advocate. I’d call the recent Florida ruling a dull tool taken to a very sharp crowd. Consider this post an open letter to Florida politicians.
I live as far away from Florida as any continental American (you do the math) yet Florida politics affect pediatricians and families everywhere. In my opinion, every parent should tune in and follow this case. Florida just restricted physician free speech and hindered a physician’s ability to help your neighbors, your relatives, and your family create a safe environment for children.
Florida may have gotten this wrong thinking that restricting a pediatrician’s words and inquiry about safely storing firearms meant that pediatricians were trying to take away guns. Not so fast.
The Florida physician gag order law
Recently, The 11th Circuit Court of Appeals in Florida upheld the “physician gag law” in Florida, a law that violates the First Amendment rights of pediatricians and family doctors and threatens their ability to counsel parents about how to protect children from unintentional injury and death. This started way back in 2011. Then the law was appealed. Now the appeal is overturned. This ping-ponging is just politics but the waste here is distraction from protecting children. In 2011 I explained the gag order for pediatricians — basically it’s this: Florida says it’s illegal for pediatricians to ask about how families and guardians store firearms in their home even though we know about 4,000 American children die every year from firearm injuries.
Relevant firearm statistics
- Guns are in about 1/3 to 1/2 of American households (data I reviewed varied). For the parents that don’t have guns, research finds that over 1/2 have never talked to their children about gun safety. Since more than a 1/3 of all accidental shootings of children take place in the homes friends, neighbors, or relatives gun in your home or not, guns are a safety issue for all children. Another reason the Florida legislation matters to us all.
- One in every twenty-five admissions to pediatric trauma centers in the United States is due to gunshot wounds. See information about handguns in the home and ways to protect children.
- Storing guns separately from ammunition and in a locked container reduce likelihood of accidental injuries.
The American Academy of Pediatrics condemned the Florida ruling this morning in a statement that strongly goes against the ruling and delicately lays out the facts for why:
Research has shown that physician counseling about gun locks and safe storage, tailored to a child’s specific age and development, increases the likelihood a family will take the steps to store their firearms safely. Pediatricians routinely counsel families about firearm safety just as they offer guidance on seat belt use, helmets and parental tobacco use to reduce the risk of injury to children where they live and play
Limiting a physician’s right to inquire about a child’s home, including safe storage of firearms, remains an impediment and outrageous threat to safety. It’s not just our own homes, but the homes our children visit that must be safe. This is why Florida legislation matters for most of us.
Dr. James Perrin sums it up beautifully: “Parents who own firearms must keep them locked, with the ammunition locked away separately. In this case, a simple conversation can prevent a tragedy. The evidence is overwhelming – young children simply cannot be taught to overcome their curiosity about guns, and to suggest otherwise is, frankly, the height of irresponsibility.”
This law (if it is upheld again) won’t save lives. These antics waste state and federal money, distract politicians from governing and re-direct research dollars. Good thing is I know who we’re dealing with; I met pediatricians formally as teachers and mentors back in August of 1998 when I started medical school. In fact the very first lecture I heard at med school was given by Dr. Ken Ginsburg an adolescent expert. He gave a talk on firearms, adolescents, risk and responsibility. And although I don’t remember the numbers shared in that talk nearly 16 years ago, I remember the intent he inspired in me.
The efforts and goals to protect children are pre-conditions when living on earth for parents and pediatricians. Antics like gagging pediatricians will not deter advocacy and there is no question what my 16 years in the community of medicine has taught me: this will not change pediatrician resolve to protect children’s lives. Inquiring and learning about a child’s environment while providing tips for safety for those who protect children will always be a part of that, gun-safety included. Florida politicians or not. The AAP notes that since 2011, 10 other states have attempted (and failed) to enact similar legislation.
See here what other pediatricians and advocates have said about this ruling on Twitter:
@SeattleMamaDoc the gag is unprecedented and forces the doc to be negligent. Why does this risk factor deserve special dispensation?
— Matthew Loxton (@mloxton) July 28, 2014
— Laura Jana (@kiddocjana) July 28, 2014
Wendy Sue Swanson is a pediatrician who blogs at Seattle Mama Doc. She is the author of Mama Doc Medicine: Finding Calm and Confidence in Parenting, Child Health, and Work-Life Balance. | <urn:uuid:264bb473-ad75-4a24-b8e9-57be41ce0c71> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2014/08/gag-order-halt-passionate-child-advocate.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00095-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949271 | 1,123 | 1.929688 | 2 |
According to Sotheby’s, the 1972 Nike “Moon Shoes”, one of the oldest and most iconic ever made by Nike, just sold for a record price of $437,500 at a recent Sotheby’s auction. The rare and highly sought after Waffle Racing Flats, or “Moon Shoes”, were one of the first Nike running shoes designed for the stars of the track at the 1972 Olympic Trials in Munich.
There are only 12 pairs of these handmade Nike “Waffle Moon” and the pair sold at auction is the only one known to be unworn and in perfect condition. The shoes are the brainchild of Nike co-founder and University of Oregon track coach Bill Bowerman, who in 1970-71 invented the first prototype by creatively using his wife’s Belgian waffle iron. and pouring rubber into the mold for the famous “waffle” appearance of the sole. His experiments aimed to produce a new sole for sports shoes that would have enough grip but, above all, that would be light.
The 1972 Nike Waffle Racing Flat ‘Moon Shoe’, the last remaining pair from Sotheby’s Stadium Goods: The Ultimate Sneaker Collection, fetched $437,500 earlier today, setting a new world auction record for a pair of sneakers. #SothebysStadiumGoods https://t.co/GGmjh8hSKh
—Sotheby’s (@Sotheby’s) July 23, 2019
Bowerman was obsessed with reducing the weight of his runners’ shoes. He thought his custom shoes would be lighter and cause fewer blisters for his athletes. He wanted to reduce the overall drag on their energy by shaving every ounce he could off the shoe. According to his calculations, removing one ounce (28 g) from a shoe, based on a six-foot stride for a runner, would reduce 55 pounds (25 kg) of lift over a one-mile span (1.6 kilometres).
In 1966, Bowerman’s early designs led to the creation of a running shoe that would become the “Nike Cortez” in 1968. The Cortez flew off the shelves and quickly became one of their shoe designs. best-selling and most recognizable. Bowerman has designed several other Nike shoes, but perhaps the most famous is the waffle design of the early 70s, which inspired the “Moon Shoe” of 1972. The nickname “Moon Shoe” was used because it was said that the waffle soles looked like the footprints left behind. by astronauts on the moon. It is this shoe, made for the 1972 US Olympic track and field team that has just been sold.
One of the unfortunate negative by-products of Bowerman’s unusual shoe design method was his health. He designed his shoes in a small, unventilated space, using glue and solvents with toxic components that resulted in severe nerve damage. This lower leg injury left him with significant mobility issues, so much so that, according to Kenny Moore in his book Bowerman and the Oregon Menthe famous trainer and shoe designer couldn’t run in the shoes he shared with the world.
The 1998 biopic Without limits detailed the infamous relationship between record-breaking distance runner Steve Prefontaine and his trainer Bowerman, played by Donald Sutherland. Additionally, Nike’s headquarters are located on Bowerman Drive as a tribute to the company’s co-founder.
Related video: 10 weird and wonderful things being auctioned off
Canadian investor and car collector Miles Nadal bought the pair of Moon Shoes for $437,500. According to Sotheby’s, he also bought 99 other rare shoes for a total of $850,000 spent at the auction. The auction house went on to say that prior to this huge sale, the highest price paid for shoes at a public auction was $190,373 in 2017 for a pair of signature Converse sneakers that reportedly worn by basketball legend Michael “Air” Jordan in 1984 in Los Angeles. Olympic Games.
Related Article: The Ancient Greek Goddess Nike, Representing Victory and Speed, Inspired the Nike Company Logo
Nadal said the “Moon Shoe” is a “true historical artifact in sports history and pop culture.” He plans to display them, along with the other 99 rare shoes he purchased, at his Dare to Dream Automobile Museum in Toronto.
The original starting price for the Nike Moon shoes was $80,000. The massive final sale price shattered the pre-sale estimate of $160,000. The shoes were part of Sotheby’s ‘Stadium Goods: the Ultimate Sneaker Collection’ online auction. | <urn:uuid:32740d57-b5a4-44e7-a94d-41c3bf8b4524> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nikefreern.info/one-of-the-first-nike-shoes-ever-made-sells-for-nearly-half-a-million/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.969327 | 1,018 | 2.203125 | 2 |
John A. Middleton
Politician. Born: 1835, Pennsylvania.
Born in Pennsylvania (circa 1835), J. A. Middleton was an unmarried attorney when he moved to Kansas from Iowa in 1857 and represented Marshall and Washington counties at the constitutional convention in July 1859. He served on the schedule, corporation and banking, education and public institutions, and accounts committees, but apparently took little or no role in the floor debates. On October 1, 1861, Middleton enlisted as a private in Company B, Seventh Regiment, Kansas Volunteer Cavalry (widely known as Jennison's Jayhawkers, after its infamous colonel, Charles R. Jennison), and was promoted to sergeant on November 1, 1862. He briefly returned to Marshall County at war's end and then removed to Montana, where he was reportedly still living in 1882.
Entry: Middleton, John A.
Author: Kansas Historical Society
Author information: The Kansas Historical Society is a state agency charged with actively safeguarding and sharing the state's history.
Date Created: June 2011
Date Modified: June 2011
The author of this article is solely responsible for its content. | <urn:uuid:ff6d67b0-5912-4b64-9038-5dde35566b5a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://kshs.org/kansapedia/john-a-middleton/17080 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00502-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96748 | 239 | 2.296875 | 2 |
- Historic Sites
Patrolling The Middle Passage
Congress agreed to join Britain in suppressing the brutal and cunning slave trade, but Southern influence hamstrung the Navy when it came to enforcing the law
October 1958 | Volume 9, Issue 6
United States registry, combined with a set of bogus Spanish or Portuguese papers easily obtainable by briber), was the basic dodge. If the ship were challenged by a U.S. Navy cruiser, she hoisted Spanish colors, say, and the Spanish “passenger,” temporarily turned captain, showed the Spanish papers to the boarding party, while the American captain stayed out of sight. Such subterfuges were so rile in the i8|o’s that a U.S. commodore reported that the American flag had completely disappeared from West African slaving—though the whole seagoing world knew that the waters off West Africa were swarming with slavers that freely hoisted the Stars and Stripes whenever it suited their needs and a U.S. Xavy vessel was not around. For if the cruiser were British, the slaver hoisted American colors, and could usually count oil being left unmolested. In the absence of a scarch-andseizure treaty British Navy commanders had been ordered not to meddle with American ships unless they were quite confident they could be proved to be slavers—when, for instance, the cruiser had picked up the festering stench that usually betrayed the presence ot a closely-packed human cargo.
To reduce the advantage that American muhshness thus gave to slavers, the British inserted the so-called equipment clause in their antislaving treaties. Originally a slaver could be apprehended only when slaves were actually found on board. But by the mid-1930’s Hritain was sei/ing ships which, even though they were carrying no slaves, had on board most of the equipment slaving required: extra-wide hatchways fitted with gratings (for ventilation of slave quarters); more rice or casks of fresh water than the ship’s crew could conceivably need; unduly ample cooking facilities. Even American courts, usually lackadaisical or worse about slaving cases, came to condemn solely on such circumstantial evidence if it were strong enough.
The slavers responded with even more involved jugglings of Hags and papers to forestall search, sometimes using as many as four “captains” of different nationalities, each of whom had papers to match. The gi im nature of their commerce makes it good to know that every now and then they overplayed their shabby hand or guessed wrong and came to grief. In 18^), for instance, the Haltimore-built slaver Catherine , owned by Havana interests, was nearing West Africa when she fell in with and was chased by H.M.S. Dolphin . Unable to outdistance her pursuer alter two hours, she played the usual card and hoisted American colors. But the British commander, lor some reason very sure of her character, took a chance and opened fire. Hove to and searched, the Catherine proved to have on board cooking arrangements lor goo people; planks marked and numbered lor speedy building of a half-deck lor slaves; 570 wooden spoons and about 350 pairs ol handculls. On the American captain’s person were found written instructions advising him how to persuade boarding officers that his Spanish and Portuguese shipmates were passengers and that his handful of American seamen constituted the entire crew. He was even keeping one log in Knglish, another in Spanish. It was ingenious but futile. A Hritish prize crew took the ship to New York, where she was duly condemned.
One of the most elaborate ruses of all was tindertaken by Captain Cyrus Libby of Maine, master of the American-built brig Porpoise . The Porpoise had made several slaving voyages under the ownership of certain Brazilians btit was prepared whenever necessary to show American colors, papers, captain, and crew. On her last voyage, however, she merely acted as tender for the American-built Kentucky , which actually loaded the Negroes. The Porpoise ’s job was to transport to the slaving point a Brazilian captain-super-cargo with a spare Brazilian crew and the trade goods to swap for slaves. At the rendezvous the goods went ashore and the Brazilians were exchanged for the largely American crew that had sailed the Kentucky out. The two ships then went home in company, the Kentucky carrying the slaves and wearing an all-Brazilian character. This gave her no immunity to British search—or American either, under some circumstances. But now she had the Porpoise to act as decoy, sizing up any man-of-war that appeared, hoisting a provocative flag and ostentatiously trying to run for it, drawing the cruiser away from the actual slave carrier. If searched herself, the Porpoise had no evidence aboard that would lead to condemnation under the equipment clause. It was prettily worked out. But the Porpoise was notorious in the slave trade, and while indulging in such antics in 1855, she was seized by U.S.S. Raritan . An American judge condemned her just as if she had been laden to the gunwales with every kind of slaving equipment known to man. | <urn:uuid:6eed7e4a-e3a1-4795-b92f-b77dee929b40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.americanheritage.com/content/patrolling-middle-passage?page=4&nid=51099 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00057-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981436 | 1,121 | 3.609375 | 4 |
There has been a bit of speculation about the recently published “Education, Health and Care plans examples of good practice” and mixed views on what we have published and why we have produced it in the first place. So I hope my article here will update you on Independent Support and how this guidance came about.
Since 2014 I have been leading the Independent Support (IS) programme at CDC and 3 years on I continue to respond to many enquiries from local service providers, parents and young people asking me about the programme. Many expressing support and thanks and some asking to be involved. Some rightly challenging me on what we do, and others keen to know about the future and how CDC can support sustainability when funding comes to an end. But looking back at what we have done and achieved I think we have made some really good progress with the right intentions.
To date we know that around 80,000 people have experienced support through the programme since the start of the reforms, in particular, support as parents and young people navigate through the EHC planning process. There are over 100 case studies on the CDC website which are based on the real life stories of those who have received Independent Support, or benefited from new local partnership arrangements. There are some insightful messages here so please do take a look. Over 3,000 people have taken up our training which has helped to create a national skilled workforce and we have seen local authorities build new partnerships with local partners that have helped to ensure their local offer delivers good outcomes for the local population.
But without being complacent I say there is always more to be done and that is my driving force. All this at time when local funding is being hit hard and front line services are facing a reduction in their budgets.
Those that have met me will know I’m quite up front about my feelings so will confess here that one of my biggest challenges since the start of the reforms has been identifying and agreeing with a range of stakeholders and government on what a good EHC plan should actually look like. Not an easy task and not a task that anyone could have done back in 2014 when the reforms were first introduced. We know from our providers that for some parents and young people the tasks required in the development of an EHC plan will be straight forward. However, for a lot of others the process is not straightforward and they will need help to ensure they get the best outcomes for them. To achieve this good practice is key.
This was the driving force behind our decision to develop a practical resource this nature. We wanted to offer some guidance that could help the IS workforce and IAS services improve quality and drive up standards when supporting parents and young people with the drafting of content and providing feedback on draft EHC plans. We wanted to create a resource that would be helpful for others to see and use such as carers, schools, colleges, local authority plan coordinators and Parent Carer Forums, to name just a few.
So we started by requesting examples of EHC plans from suppliers of Independent Support. We received over 150 EHC draft plans. Then we commissioned an analysis of 45 plans to identify examples of good practice. At the same time CDC developed an example of an EHC plan with the College of Occupational Therapists as part of our work with the Care Quality Commission. We also approached the SEND advisors, commissioned by the Department for Education, to simultaneously collect examples of good practice from their work with individual local areas. We brought all this information and learning together to create one single resource that we could agree upon as being good practice.
So a lot of work and effort has gone into developing this resource and we have received lots of positive feedback from those who work directly with parents and young people. However, I will confess it’s not been easy at times to pull together.
The hardest part perhaps was getting everyone involved to agree on what good practice is and reach an agreement on the final document that is not advocating any particular approach to meeting needs.
A few may say this guidance has come very late in the day but many others will recognise that you need time in order to produce something based on real examples that is really useful. I think this guidance will be really useful to many organisations and individuals who are affected by the reforms and I hope we will see more of this sort of advice and support in the year ahead - as we as a collective learn from our experiences working in the SEND field and become more familiar with the requirements of the reforms and the EHC planning process. | <urn:uuid:80f09707-d60c-48dc-8757-54a721312d8d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://councilfordisabledchildren.org.uk.testing.effusion3.dh.bytemark.co.uk/news-opinion/news/why-publish-good-practice-guidance-education-health-and-care-plans | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.973412 | 917 | 1.632813 | 2 |
So i have been taking a look at younoodle lately, I find it very interesting, one of the things i like about it is that i am able to see a lot of start-up/entrepreneurs all at one place which i think is pretty cool, for those of you that have never heard of the company or what they do, put it this way.
Younoodle is a platform that provides a network for small businesses, mostly start-ups i would say, it uses mathematical models to predict the success of a new business based on information about its concept, finances, founders and advisers. The results include an estimate of the company's expected value after three years.
In August 2008, YouNoodle predicted that its own value in 2010 would be $96 million
Although the site has got mixed response from the press, Michael Arrington had a bit to say about it.
Is it really possible for a website to be able to predict a start-up’s future? Don’t we already have LinkedIn for entrepreneurs or should i professionals/business owners?
I guess they will have to prove to everyone that they can predict the success of a start-up.
I am very optimistic about the success of the company, although i am still very curious on how the predictions will work accurately or at least 90% or how they will be able to convince the right people that it is possible. | <urn:uuid:fd826a6e-2d43-4135-a7b5-c1d47986aacc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://yhponline.com/2009/12/12/can-younoodle-predict-the-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.977755 | 290 | 1.554688 | 2 |
The NIHB Benefits program provides medical transportation to help you access medical services with the nearest appropriate health care professional or attend at the nearest appropriate health care facility. The most economical and efficient means of transportation is used, while also considering the urgency of your situation and your medical condition.
Medical Transportation Responsibilities for First Nations
If you are using medical transportation benefits provided by the NIHB program, review the check-list:
Ensure that you have prior approval for all non-emergency trips. The only exception is a medical emergency.
Obtain the necessary paperwork for your trip before leaving the community (Documents sent to community or to nursing station).
Attend your medical appointment as scheduled.
Get a signed/stamped Confirmation of Attendance from your doctor or nurse confirming that you have attended your medical appointment.
The signed Confirmation of Attendance or Accommodation/Discharge Slip must be returned to the Transportation Clerk after the medical appointment.
Give notification when cancelling an appointment. Be sure to provide 24 hours’ notice to cancel all arrangements. Call your NIHB clerk or health care facility. | <urn:uuid:1837e277-50ec-43c9-a175-4154a16e2834> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.slfnha.com/client-services/discharge-coordination/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.943151 | 231 | 1.828125 | 2 |
SAN DIEGO — Not all crime hot spots are created equal, a new mathematical model suggests. For some areas repeatedly hit hard with crime, police intervention can shut down lawlessness and keep it down. But for others, police involvement just shifts the trouble around.
“If you see a hot area of crime, you want to know: If you send the police in, will that displace the crime or get rid of the crime altogether?” said Andrea Bertozzi, a mathematician at UCLA who presented the new model Feb. 20 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. “We were able to predict the ability to suppress or otherwise displace hot spots.” The results will also appear Feb. 22 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The study “makes a major contribution to the theory of hot spots of crime,” comments John Eck, a criminologist at the University of Cincinnati.
Working with anthropologists, criminologists and the Los Angeles Police Department, Bertozzi built a mathematical representation of how areas with frequent, repeated crimes form within a city and change over time.
The team modeled a city as a two-dimensional grid populated with burglars and houses to rob. The researchers used previous studies to add a mathematical description of how attractive a region is to a burglar. Data has shown, for example, that the house next door to a house with a broken window is more likely to be robbed.
Bertozzi and colleagues ran simulations that led to the formation of crime hot spots and then simulated police intervention. Two sharply distinct outcomes emerged. Certain kinds of hot spots just moved around in response to police efforts to quash them. “It’s impossible,” Bertozzi said. “You hit one and it pops up somewhere else.”
But for others, suppressing the hot spot once erased it forever.
The difference comes from how the hot spot forms in the first place. The model shows that a high-risk zone forms around every break-in. If the boundaries of risk zones overlap, then a persistent hot spot forms. “The diffusion of risk basically binds together local crimes, which then will seed more crimes,” Bertozzi said.
But suppressible hot spots can form from one large crime spike, in which a single event draws in more criminals. A good example of this might be the formation of a drug market, said UCLA anthropologist Jeffrey Brantingham, a co-author of the paper.
“You wouldn’t suspect this was the case from just mapping the hot spots,” Brantingham said. “Empirically they look very much the same.” The math was able to show that there may be two different types of hot spots when the data alone could not, he said.
“This is something that would be important for us in real life,” Bertozzi said, “to be able to go and tell the police, in this situation you’re going to be able to get rid of the crimes, and in this other situation you’re only going to displace them.”
Though the researchers compared the model’s predictions of where and when burglaries would happen with real data from a region of the San Fernando Valley, Eck says he would want to test the model’s police intervention predictions. Still, he says, it makes “a really elegant start.”
Image: invisible city photography/Flickr
- Data-Mining Medical Records Could Predict Domestic Violence
- Athletes Beware, Scientists Hot on Gene Doping Trail
- New Lasers Fight Crime, Martians | <urn:uuid:f8776f49-39cd-4fb0-bf97-1780b84a516c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.wired.com/2010/02/crime-hot-spots/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00422-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935144 | 768 | 2.4375 | 2 |
After the attacks of 9/11 on American freedom and on American soil, it was apparent that there was a need for better protection against terrorist attacks, and for the very freedom that we once cherished, and, to some extent, took for granted. The American government devised a plan to combat these problems and called it the "USA PATRIOT ACT," which empowered our government officials with almost unconstitutional power. The purpose of this research is to show that the USA PATRIOT Act, while pure in thought, is full of corrupt methods for the government to pry into the personal lives of its people. Several references to debates and cases that have been brought forth to show that American freedom, privacy, and even foreign relations have been impeded upon will be discussed.
[...] The government could not continue to ignore the gaps and problems that existed in policy before the 9/11 attacks, so they created the USA PATRIOT Act to essentially protect American liberties by instilling stronger laws. Thornburgh (2005) presents evidence that the Terminiello case again relates to modern-day debates when he states, “[Jackson] understood that civil liberties could only survive under governments with the power to protect those liberties from attack” (p. 804). “Cooperation between agencies including law enforcement and intelligence agencies was less than ideal” (Thornburgh p. [...]
[...] In another case opposing the USA PATRIOT Act in 2004, federal judge struck down a key surveillance provision in the USA PATRIOT Act, ruling that it broadly violated the U.S. Constitution by giving federal authorities unchecked powers to obtain private information” (Swartz p. 6). This case, again, was brought by the American Civil Liberties Union on behalf of an internet provider (Swartz p. but this time, the ACLU was successful. Of most concern to Americans opposing the USA PATRIOT Act is the privacy of their personal information. [...]
[...] According to Thornburgh (2005), personal information on the internet is not the only thing that has been breeched by the USA PATRIOT Act. It also puts a strain on relations with foreign individuals, immigrants and aliens. “Critics also assert that the Act allows the detention of aliens without a hearing or a showing that they pose a threat to national security” (Thornburgh p. 806). The Associated Press confirms this accusation: ACLU says its clients have already been hurt by the Patriot Act because fear of the law has kept many people from attending religious services and making charitable donations” (Associated Press para. [...]
Online readingwith our online reader
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Femmes & Sciences Association
The French “Women & Science” association
Following the pioneering studies by Huguette Delavault on the overall situation of women in science and the observation that women were notably absent at various important decision levels in science and technology, a group of women from various science disciplines and professional backgrounds founded the association « Women & Science. »
The association « Women & Science » has as partners the associations femmes & mathématiques, Femmes Ingénieurs and APMST. A poster « Women in Science and Engineering » edited in cooperation with these associations is available here.
The association « Women & Science » is a full member of the European Platform of Women Scientists (EPWS) and is represented in its present Board of Administration.
- To improve the position of women in science and technology, both in the public and private sectors
- To promote a positive image of science and of women in science among women
- To encourage more young people, and particularly women, to study science or technology and pursue careers in these disciplines | <urn:uuid:c5106d81-e44f-4b55-b158-3bd1659707c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://genderportal.eu/organisations/femmes-sciences-association | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.908071 | 221 | 2.203125 | 2 |
That’s right. New Word Study warm-ups are almost here! We’re working on upgrades this summer, and the free NEW warm-ups will begin rolling out on August 1st, and we are so excited.
You may still have questions, and so do we.
This started as a collaboration between a handful of teachers back in 2016 and now includes thousands of teachers – including you (if you’re a member, but you can join for free)!
We continue to develop and upgrade the curriculum and taking your input (see survey here) based on your students’ needs.
Word Study Upgrades
In August 2022, we will deliver two new weeks of free warm-ups designed to help upper elementary students build word meaning skills.
The warm-ups will focus on common Greek and Latin Roots. Why Greek and Latin Roots?
These skills are necessary for students to determine the meaning of unknown words in more complex texts. They underlie the comprehension skills that upper elementary (grades 3-5) students use as they develop more independence in their reading toolkits.
So let’s see if we can answer a few questions, introduce the main characters of our word study warm-ups, and help you build stronger readers and writers!
Will Word Study Always be Free?
Yes. We will always have the free word study membership with word fluency, word building, and word meaning…even as the spiral warm-ups grow!
And…the units are continuing to expand.
What skills are covered?
Successful reading = language comprehension + word recognition.
Word study covers one of the two sides of successful reading: word recognition. Word recognition includes three courses of study:
- Word Fluency
- Word Building
- Word Meaning
Specific skills start at 2nd and 3rd-grade consonant blending all the way to grades 7-8 Greek and Latin Roots and SAT preparation.
Advanced Reading Comprehension Begins with (1) Language Comprehension and (2) Word Recognition. Students who struggle with reading comprehension have deficits in one or both of these two areas.
What grades can use Word Study Warm-Ups?
You’ll see skills and warm-ups for 2nd through 8th grades. You can log in here and view the three word study courses.
Our Word Study Warm-Ups begin with the basics – decoding and word fluency. These basic warm-ups are perfect for 2nd-4th grade and just right for remediation in grades 4-6.
As the curriculum progresses, spelling and word meaning units will address upper middle school – including SAT prep.
Why a Warm-Up and Not a Full Curriculum?
We believe nothing can replace you, the teacher – as a knowledgable and skilled person in the classroom and as the artist behind designing your lessons – you are priceless!
Our interactive videos and activities provide practice on literacy skills that are embedded through lower-level curricula. The idea is simple.
No one has time to teach everything. No student has the ability to master everything. This creates gaps.
Our reading warm-ups are designed to fill the gaps. They provide the automatic spiral review to build mastery of the fundament literacy skills.
Have More Questions?
Of course, you do. Like I said earlier, so do we. Together, we are building an awesome teaching resource that will immensely help thousands of students.
Before we move into introducing our characters, I encourage you to browse our more thorough FAQ here.
Characters from the Warm-Ups
Also, I’d like to introduce our main characters. We have Ms. Springer, Penelope, and Miguel.
They pop in and out of the video warm-ups to grab student attention, encourage, introduce games and activities, and increase engagement. | <urn:uuid:f7601756-dd8f-45c5-937c-596d1bca1d93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spiralwarmups.com/word-study-almost-here/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.925859 | 797 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Army learning model regulationimmingham port code
BAE Systems opens its new Manchester, N.H. facility. May 04, 2022. Infineon’s industry first space-qualified serial interface F-RAM provides 2 Mb density non-volatile storage for extreme environments. April 15, 2022. Kaman Measuring Announces ThreadChecker with Inspection Capabilities for the Metrology Industry. April 08, 2022.
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2011, “Enlisted Professional Military Education Policy,” is hereby superseded. 3. Applicability. This instruction applies to the Joint Staff, the National Defense University (NDU), the Military Services, and the National Guard. Distribution to other agencies is for information only. 4. Policy. Learning and leadership are at the core of our.
The world of artificial intelligence has arrived. At the highest level, literally, commercial airplanes rely on machine-learning algorithms for auto-piloting systems. At ground level, again literally, self-driving cars now appear on public streets—and small robots automatically vacuum floors in some of our homes. More profoundly, algorithmic software. Organization. To best achieve this requires knowledge of existing learning tools and training processes. The 8 Step Training Model process is often used for company level events and includes leader training, AARs, and retraining. Objective T, the Army training process to assess organizational readiness, is. *This regulation supersedes AE Regulation 350-1, 31 July 2017. For the Commander: KAI R. ROHRSCHNEIDER . Brigadier General, GS . Chief of Staff . Official: DWAYNE J. VIERGUTZ . Chief, Army in Europe . Document Management . Summary. This regulation prescribes training policy for the Army in Europe and must be used with . AR 350. ・ｷ commitment to the army profession, lifelong learning, and development. ・ｷ balance the army窶冱 commitment to the training, education, and experience components of leader development. ・ｷ manage. How Social Learning Theory Works. Albert Bandura's social learning theory suggests that observation and modeling play a primary role in how and why people learn. Bandura's theory goes beyond the perception of learning being the result of direct experience with the environment. Learning, according to Bandura, can occur simply by observing others.
The Army's After Action Review (AAR) is arguably one of the most successful organizational learning methods yet devised. Yet, most every corporate effort to graft this truly innovative practices into their culture has failed because, again and again, people reduce the living practice of AAR's to a sterile technique. — Peter Senge. AMSO's Mission. The Army Modeling Simulation Office serves as HQDA’s lead activity to: Develops the strategy and policy for Army Modeling and Simulation Enterprise ; Executes effective governance and resource management through leadership and synchronization; Leads coordination of the Army modeling and simulation enterprise and cross-community areas.
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Ask, Care Escort (ACE) Training ACE is the Army-approved suicide prevention and awareness training model. ACE is approximately one and one half hours long. The key training objective is awareness training (risk factors and warning signs). IAW AR 600-63 ACE training is conducted annually. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. 27 Jul 2022. The New Model Army was created in February 1645 by Parliament as it felt that a professional army would be more successful against the king’s army. It was a military unit that was to transform the English Civil War. The Battle of Marston Moor, had been a major victory for Parliament but not.
. ・ｷ commitment to the army profession, lifelong learning, and development. ・ｷ balance the army窶冱 commitment to the training, education, and experience components of leader development. ・ｷ manage. 0690 - Industrial Hygiene. Army Industrial Hygienists (IH) and Industrial Hygiene Technicians (IHT) provide support to the warfighter, conserve resources, and enhance readiness by anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling health hazards where military and civilian personnel work and serve. They work at US Army Public Health Command. | <urn:uuid:8cef204c-a876-44fd-8672-ae00eda9f2f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vnieiy.dealsshop.shop/army-learning-model-regulation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.926317 | 880 | 1.992188 | 2 |
It wasn’t long after Mark Zuckerberg took the stage at the Aspen Ideas Festival Wednesday that he was heckled by the audience. Facebook’s CEO was talking to Cass Sunstein, the Harvard Law School professor who has also served as a Facebook adviser, and discussing the complexities of combatting election interference. One problem, Zuckerberg proclaimed, is that Facebook doesn’t have a mechanism for deterring foreign governments from running influence operations. It can take down posts; it can delete fake accounts; but it can’t cut the internet connections of Russia’s Internet Research Agency. “As a private company, we don’t have the tools to make the Russian government stop,” he declared. “Our government is the one that has the tools to apply pressure to Russia, not us.” As he spoke, an elderly voice hollered from the back, “Not true!”
The moment was symbolic for Zuckerberg and the trust he and his company have lost in recent years. The Aspen Ideas Festival is a quiet, thoughtful place. Heckling is rare. But Facebook has drawn anger and derision everywhere this year, even at thought-leader conferences in the mountains. Still, Zuckerberg soldiered on, making his point, which happens to be largely true.
Not long thereafter, Facebook’s leader faced his second gauntlet. Sunstein prodded him on Facebook’s decision not to remove a maliciously edited video of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, appearing drunk, that had gone viral in May. “Why not make the policy, as of tomorrow, be that if reasonable observers could not know that it's fake, then it will be taken down?” asked Sunstein. The audience responded with enthusiastic applause that seemed to startle the professor. “That is the first time I have ever gotten applauded,” he said, smiling.
Zuckerberg began his response by noting that this is a topic of intense discussion at the company. Deepfakes may be a different category from the kind of false news that Facebook has extensive experience dealing with. Still, Facebook starts to think about its response with the principle it uses when responding to false statements: Limit their distribution but do not remove them completely. You can limit reach without stifling speech.
His easiest move would have been to leave the answer there. Instead, Zuckerberg decided to defend his company’s decision and tie it to broader principles. “We exist in a society where people value and cherish free expression, and the ability to say things including satire,” he said. He then doubled down, saying he did not think anyone should want “a private company to prevent you from saying something that it thinks is factually incorrect.” He added, “That to me just feels like it's too far and goes away from the tradition of free expression and being able to say what your experience is through satire and other means.”
By the end of the exchange, Zuckerberg had done something that has become increasingly rare in the tech industry the past few years: defend free speech with a hammer, not a shrug. Many of the hardest decisions in tech have come down in recent years to tradeoffs between safety and speech. After a decade of favoring speech, most executives have recently chosen safety. Alex Jones has been banned. Artificial intelligence systems have been set up to filter speech that is cruel. Anonymity has been made harder. Zuckerberg, though, seemed to be taking a stand, and when he finished the audience gave him a hearty round of applause. | <urn:uuid:2fa5cf47-c7ae-4899-8388-25511994ff98> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wired.com/story/zuckerberg-defends-free-speech-even-when-speech-false/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.974911 | 736 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Jun 21, 2019
Fashion giant H&M Group explores greener transport options
Jun 21, 2019
The H&M Group is addressing its transportation strategy, as part of its plan to become ‘climate positive' by the year 2040.
The Swedish fashion conglomerate, whose brands include H&M, & Other Stories and Cos, is backing greener commercial transport initiatives in a bid to become more environmentally friendly.
The company has announced a collaboration with the transport giant Maersk to champion its new, carbon-neutral ocean product -- a biofuel-blend that incorporates fuels such as wasted cooking oil that has been tested to propel vessels, showing promising results in reducing the emissions from the ocean shipping.
The fashion giant has also formed a coalition dubbed ‘Pathways Coalition' alongside the corporations Scania, E.ON and Siemens. The organization aims to achieve a fossil-free commercial heavy transportation system by the year 2050.
"Our high ambition to become climate positive by 2040 requires cooperation and engagement from all parties in the supply chain," said Helena Helmersson, COO of H&M Group, in a statement. "We want to use our size to be a force for good and enable scaling innovative solutions, such as the carbon neutral ocean product, for a greener commercial transport."
Earlier this month, the luxury fashion brand Ralph Lauren revealed plans to set science-based greenhouse gas reduction targets by 2020 and 100% renewable energy targets by the end of this year, as part of its fiscal year 2019 report. May saw PVH Corp., the parent company behind Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger, unveil ‘Forward Fashion,' the evolution of its corporate responsibility strategy that aims to reduce its negative impacts to zero, focusing on eliminating carbon emissions by using more renewable energy sources and cutting waste to zero by avoiding landfill solutions.
Copyright © 2022 AFP-Relaxnews. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:d22b483a-6e80-4755-a70a-3cc5d5d51893> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Fashion-giant-h-m-group-explores-greener-transport-options,1112188.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.938293 | 403 | 1.8125 | 2 |
The Bunyoro Kingdom’s £500 billion ($313 million) claim for reparation against the United Kingdom is taking an even more serious turn as the monarchy’s representatives now consider taking their case to the International Criminal Court.
The representatives have sought advice from the Arusha-based International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda about the possibility of suing the British Government for crimes committed by its soldiers in western Uganda during the colonial period.
“We want to file the case against the Queen of England in the International Criminal Court because we want less state interference in Uganda,” Mr Dodoviko Batwale, one of the representatives, told The EastAfrican last week.
Mr Batwale is among the 10 people representing the indigenous Banyoro from Kibaale District, the territory the British carved out to the Buganda for their support during the campaign to subdue Bunyoro’s six-year resistance (1893-1899) to colonial expansion in Uganda.
“The ICTR Registrar has asked us to submit our evidence before guiding us on how we can proceed on this matter,” Mr Batwale said. “We are gathering the evidence and will take it to Arusha next month.”
The Banyoro have compiled hundreds of reports (evidence) made by British field officers “to plunder and kill” in their original handwriting both in England and Uganda. The records mention vast quantities of ivory, food, cattle, cloth, cultural items looted by British troops, and destruction of villages and slaughtering of civilians by Nubian soldiers.
“British troops totally disregarded the food requirements of the indigenous inhabitants, who were doomed to hunger, starvation, malnutrition and disease, elements that reduced the population from 2.5 million people to a mere 100,000 people by 1900,” the Banyoro claim.
The kingdom’s most powerful King (Omukama), Cwa II Kabalega, fought British forces from December 1893 up to April 1899, resisting colonial domination and alien occupation.
Britain occupied the kingdom up to 1933, when, under the yoke of colonialism, Kabalega was forced into an agreement with the colonial masters. Bunyoro-Kitara remained part of a British colony until 1961, when Uganda gained sovereignty.
The EastAfrican has learnt that the lawsuits were part of the Queen’s agenda when presided over the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (Chogm) in 2007. But, somehow, the Banyoro were left out of the talks between England and Uganda.
“After Chogm, President Museveni met us on June 10, 2009 in State House and told as that Her Majesty the Queen of England does not want to be embarrassed, and therefore wants to settle the matter out of court. She has offered £700 million to settle the case. This money will be paid in instalments over a 10-year period,” Mr Batwale said.
“We are disputing the conclusions of the talks between England and the Government of Uganda because we were not part and parcel of the negotiations. And we don’t know whether the £700 million is as a result of our case. Besides, there is no written document to that effect.
The President meeting the Queen was not bad, but we should have been part of the talks. The President promised to meet us again over the same matter, but we have failed to fix an appointment with his office,” said Mr Batwale.
Reported by Bamuturaki Musinguzi and Sam Wakhakha | <urn:uuid:1c98d530-c6bf-4a83-8234-0106387fb988> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/-/2558/844076/-/pwepk9z/-/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957308 | 744 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Student Learning Outcomes
university health services
Assessment efforts in the Division of Student Affairs focus primarily on student learning. In addition to ensuring that we are meeting the needs of students, our efforts are driven by our curiosity to know in what ways our programs and services help students to learn more about themselves and others, apply that learning, and integrate it into their lives.
Health Services, as a service oriented department within the Division, strives to facilitate student learning and formation utilizing the strategic pillar of Health and Wellness as a foundation. The Health and Wellness pillar promotes health education strategies that encourage lifelong habits to maintain physical and mental wellbeing.
Below is a list of student learning outcomes from recent departmental assessments conducted by Health Services:
Students Rights and Responsibilities Regarding Their Health
Students that seek medical care at Health Services will be educated on their right to information regarding issues surrounding their health, recommended treatment plans and follow-up care as well as the benefits of scheduling appointments. View a copy of the Patient Bill of Rights
Latent Tuberculosis Counseling
Students that are identified as at risk for developing latent tuberculosis (TB) will be counseled and educated about positive PPD skin tests, symptoms of active TB and how the illness could impact their personal well being. They will be educated on the social and global impact tuberculosis has and the importance of treating latent TB as well as the potential side effects of treatment medication. Visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for comprehensive information on tuberculosis.
APPROPRIATE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS
Students will be educated on the appropriate use of antibiotics and why they are not used to treat viral infections. In addition they will learn that when not used correctly, antibiotics can actually be harmful to your health and can result in antibiotic resistance to infections. They are taught that when you have a virus, antibiotics will not make you feel better or feel better faster. Visit the CDC website for more information.
AWARENESS AND VISIABILITY
Students in the Boston College community will be aware of the location and hours of operation of University Health Services (UHS). Students will be educated about the different specialty areas of service available at the Primary Care Center.
BRIEF ALCOHOL SCREENING AND INTERVENTION ASSESSMENT
Students identified as having high risk alcohol behavior receive brief counseling to understand risks associated with personal drinking habits, educated on safer strategies to reduce risk and referred for additional counseling if warranted. | <urn:uuid:393ff84f-3809-43f4-ae99-724814c00bc1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bc.edu/offices/uhs/student_learning.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00362-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948726 | 501 | 2.421875 | 2 |
What is shockingly green, coiled tightly, only found in early Spring and mostly comes from Maine or other areas in New England?
Give up? Fiddlehead Ferns, that’s what!
What is a fiddlehead fern you ask? Well About.com describes them as:
“…a New England spring delicacy. They appear on menus and in markets in the region from about May through early July. What exactly are these deep green, coiled vegetables, though? Fiddleheads are actually young fern fronds that have not yet opened up. They must be picked during a two-week window before the fern unfurls. Fiddleheads are named for their appearance, which resembles the scroll at the head or top of a fiddle. The ostrich fern is the species that produces these edible shoots, which have a unique texture but taste a bit like asparagus or okra. fiddleheads can be consumed raw or cooked.”
Until this year, I never knew that fiddleheads are harvested specifically from the ostrich fern. So how do you know which fiddleheads are Ostrich Ferns? Easy… according to the University of Main Cooperative Extension website:
“Nearly all ferns have fiddleheads, but those of the ostrich fern are unlike any other. Ostrich fern fiddleheads, which are about an inch in diameter, can be identified by the brown papery scale-like covering on the uncoiled fern, as well as the smooth fern stem, and the deep ”U”-shaped groove on the inside of the fern stem.”
I have ostrich ferns in my backyard… here is one of mine emerging a few weeks ago. As the fern grows, the fiddle head slowly unwind until the fern is standing straight up.
These are the same ferns a few weeks later. They go from a ridiculously bright green (as fiddle heads) to a richer, darker green as they mature.
Upon researching fiddleheads, I learned the reason why there is only a two week window for harvesting — It’s because once the frond unfurls, the plant becomes poisonous! DO NOT eat ferns that are not tightly coiled!
So I picked up about half a pound of fiddleheads at Russo’s a couple off weeks ago. I can never resist when I see them… and I usually only find them at Trader Joe’s or local farmer’s markets. I never know what to do with them though. I usually just saute them with a little olive oil or butter, sea salt and fresh ground pepper. However, I’m not a huge fan of them cooked like this and the Husband likes them even less… so I racked my brain trying to figure out what to do with them so we would actually enjoy them!
Since they are very reminiscent of asparagus, I decided that sticking to ingredients I know pair well with asparagus would work… and I was right. I decided to make Shrimp, Tomato and Fiddlehead Scampi — in a garlic, white wine, lemon-butter sauce. Read on for the recipe!
Shrimp, Tomato and Fiddlehead Scampi
1/2 pound fiddleheads, cleaned and washed
1 lb shrimp, deveined and tail removed
3 Roma tomatoes, chopped
1 tbsp olive oil
4-6 tbsp butter (no one said this would be low fat)
1 small shallot, sliced thin
1 garlic clove, sliced (almost shaved) thin
1/2 c white wine
Salt & pepper to taste
In a saute pan, heat olive oil and half the butter on med-high heat until melted. Add in the shallots and garlic, stirring frequently to avoid burning. Once they begin to nicely brown, add in tomatoes and saute for another minute or two.
De-glaze the pan with the white wine (scraping up all the little brown bits with a wooden spoon) and add in the shrimp. Cover. Cook until the shrimp become almost opaque (2 or 3 minutes), remove the lid and continue to stir until the wine evaporates and the sauce thickens.
Add in the remaining butter and the fiddleheads. You can add more wine at this point if you think there is not enough liquid to steam to the fiddleheads. Cover and cook, stirring occasionally, until the fiddleheads become al dente (or to whatever texture you generally like your asparagus). Serve immediately.
We just ate this dish straight-up, but you could easily serve it over pasta or rice. It was SOOOO good. The sauce was amazing and the fiddleheads were great. This will be a keeper that we make time and time again! | <urn:uuid:c05c58bd-46b3-4b9e-a44d-f9929ffed6db> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bostonfoodandwhine.com/2009/05/22/fiddle-me-this/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00457-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961038 | 1,014 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Paper on Tragedy and American Drama, writing homework help – Excelsior Writers | excelsiorwriters.com
– Excelsior Writers | excelsiorwriters.com
For your paper you are to answer BOTH of the following questions, using the two plays and sources that come from the course. You must cite all you answers using MLA formatting. Submit both answers as one document. Label each prompt as One and Two. Write at least 750 – 1000 words for each paper. Create a Works Cited page at the end of each answer. Again, put both papers into one document that you will upload here.
Prompt One (answer both one and two)
In a 750 – 1000 word, well-paragraphed essay, discuss how Willy and Shelley are or are not examples of tragic heroes. Use quotes from both Miller and Aristotle when defining what a tragic hero is then use quotes from Miller and Mamet’s plays, when connecting those ideas to the two characters.
Prompt Two (again answer both one and two and include both answers in one document)
In a 750 – 1000 word, well paragraphed essay, discuss how Death of a Salesman represents a modernist critique of capitalism, while Glengarry Glenn Ross represents a postmodernists critique of capitalism.
Listed Below are the ONLY RESOURCES Allowed to use!:
Watch Glengarry Glen Ross Here
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFD4FC1D388… (Playlist already set up)
Watch Death of a Salesman Here
ESSAY RESOURCES TO USE BELOW: ( One web link and 3 pdf documents attached)
ORDER NOW – Excelsior Writers | excelsiorwriters.com | <urn:uuid:e6ce6a5b-59d2-4088-a8c6-d7f94b0fe44c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brainy.excelsiorwriters.com/paper-on-tragedy-and-american-drama-writing-homework-help-excelsior-writers-excelsiorwriters-com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.87529 | 374 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Geekly Update - 01 December 2016
How can humans stop robots from taking over the world? Would you buy a $150 coffee mug? And what's the best way to destroy your data? Find out... in today's Geekly Update -- it's jam-packed with the latest tech news. And it's *guaranteed* to make you 146% smarter. Read, think, and, comment!
The AskBobRankin Geekly Update
Here's how we keep artificially intelligent robots from taking over the world... Make them talk to each other. Adam Jakowenko, who owns both the Amazon Echo and Google Home gadgets, figured out how they could annoy each other, in an infinite loop. Or, there's the Liar's Paradox method.
Yogi Berra famously said, “Nobody goes there anymore. It’s too crowded.” Now Google Maps is proving him right. By adding real-time crowd estimates to locations such as shopping malls, restaurants, etc., users can plan when and how long to visit. Or not.
Elder geeks’ heads will turn when they see you with a 3.5” floppy disc that’s really a 2500 mAh power bank. Made by the UK’s ThumbsUp, the Floppy Disc Powerbank comes with a USB-C connector to charge your devices. Pricing is not yet available.
Speaking of floppy disks... how do you make sure nobody can access the data on your old disks? The obvious answer for David Kronstein was to destroy them with an inverted lawn mower, and film the process at 11,700 frames per second with an array of high-definition video cameras. You can see the carnage in this slow motion video.
Someone accidentally suspended the Twitter account of Jack Dorsey, CEO of Twitter. It was restored within hours, prompting complaints that regular users can’t get their accounts reinstated for months. (Maybe Dorsey's account was suspended because Twitter hasn't made a profit in ten years.)
The LingLong DingDong is China’s answer to the Amazon Echo, or another shameless ripoff of American tech. But a joint venture marrying Amazon’s Alexa AI with DingDong may be Amazon’s best shot at the huge and government-protected Chinese market.
What comes after Z? Cisco Systems says total Internet traffic will exceed one Zettabyte this year. A ZB is one billion gigabytes, or the capacity of 20 billion Blu-Ray discs. The one billion sites on the Internet average 2.3 MB each, and the size of each page is growing rapidly. Bandwidth is not increasing fast enough; site designers need to become more efficient.
Most apps designed for car drivers would be disabled on a driver’s phone while the car was in motion under guidelines recently issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Calls would still be possible, but not text messages. Navigation tools would be re-designed to minimize distractions. (How will they know which phone is the driver's?)
Starbucks is selling - or trying to sell - a $150 smart coffee mug that lets you precisely control the temperature of your brew via a smartphone app.
Twitter has told law enforcement agencies to stop using its service for surveillance purposes or risk having their accounts and access to Twitter’s API suspended. Two data-mining companies have been booted from Twitter for helping law enforcement track Twitter users.
For just $39, you can buy a sophisticated ransomware platform that puts you in the extortion business. The Stampado ransomware is self-propagating, can infect networked devices and removable drives, and encrypts files that are already encrypted. (Pssst… if Stampado encrypts your device, try the Stampado decryptor tool from Emsisoft.
Your thoughts on these topics are welcome. Post your comment or question below...
This article was posted by Bob Rankin on 1 Dec 2016
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- Bob Rankin - All Rights Reserved
Article information: AskBobRankin -- Geekly Update - 01 December 2016 (Posted: 1 Dec 2016)
Copyright © 2005 - Bob Rankin - All Rights Reserved | <urn:uuid:4f6b7214-20de-4727-a915-4a8b50c243f2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://askbobrankin.com/geekly_update_01_december_2016.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+AskBobRankin+%28Ask+Bob+Rankin%29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00329-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911446 | 919 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Mekong River cruises through Cambodia and Vietnam operate for most of the year but not between early May and late-June. The rest of the year sees a varied climate from hot and dry in March through to May, a wet season spanning from July through to October, and a cooler patch between November and February. Many people prefer to travel in these slightly cooler months, however, the average low rarely falls below 20°C (68°F) and highs still sit around 30°C (86°F).
In South East Asia the wet season often sees dramatic downpours in short bursts, so it need not dampen your entire visit. The beauty of river cruising is that these showers won’t necessarily impede your trip too much as you can relax in your stateroom and watch as the rain hits the river and throws patterns across the water.
If you are off on a shore excursion these storms can be a little more problematic, but while often torrential, they are usually fleeting. You may only get a heavy shower in the afternoon which may actually be a welcome reprieve from the warm temperatures, but always carry a waterproof jacket to be best prepared.
Temperatures along the Mekong don’t fluctuate a huge amount during the year, with only a swing of roughly 5°C (41°F) between the coolest and warmest months. For example, the average temperature in Phnom Penh in the warmest months (March – May) sits at a low of 25°C and a high of 35°C (77 - 95°F), and in the coolest you can expect a low of 22°C and a top of 30°C (72 - 86°F).
These cooler months between November and February are considered the best to cruise the Mekong, as the temperatures are lower, and the wet season has come to an end. | <urn:uuid:021699e9-2995-4c65-954b-0c8dec282758> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globaljourneys.com/river-cruises/south-east-asia/explore/best-time-mekong-river-cruise | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.961857 | 386 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Bruce Frazier and Richard Rupp of Washington State University and Toby Rodgers and Crystal Briggs of Soil Survey conducted this work in the Pasayten River watershed in north-central Washington. Their results are reported in the summer issue of Soil Survey Horizons. Data were collected from dominant landscape facets accessible by or near trails, and soil formation was modeled using surrogates for the soil forming factors.
This technique requires an understanding of the soil forming processes occurring that the model must predict. In this case, four processes where identified as most important: podzolization (the process by which soils are depleted of bases and become acidic), andisolization (the rapid weathering of volcanic glass with formation of allophane, ferrihydrite, and imogolite), the prevention of the first two processes by erosion and unstable slopes, and continual wetness. Additional data related to vegetation, terrain attributes, hydrology, and parent materials were added to the model.
Twenty-two soil map unit complexes representing the diversity of the area were identified and found to match well with adjoining surveys using National Cooperative Soil Survey correlation procedures, reaching 75% accuracy at sampled pedon description sites within the watershed. The procedures developed in this modeling effort are new to soil survey and will benefit efforts in remote areas. Additionally, the model can be updated as new theories of soil formation are formulated, or as new data become available.
This featured article of SSH is available for free access at https://www.soils.org/publications/soil-survey-horizons/ until the next quarterly issue.
Soil Survey Horizons, https://www.soils.org/publications/soil-survey-horizons/, is a medium for expressing ideas, problems, and philosophies concerning the study of soils in the field. Articles include research updates, soil news, history of soil survey, and personal essays from the lives of soil scientists. Soil Survey Horizons is published by the Soil Science Society of America.
The Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) is a progressive, international scientific society that fosters the transfer of knowledge and practices to sustain global soils. Based in Madison, WI, and founded in 1936, SSSA is the professional home for 6,000+ members dedicated to advancing the field of soil science. It provides information about soils in relation to crop production, environmental quality, ecosystem sustainability, bioremediation, waste management, recycling, and wise land use.
SSSA supports its members by providing quality research-based publications, educational programs, certifications, and science policy initiatives via a Washington, DC, office. For more information, visit www.soils.org.
SSSA is the founding sponsor of an approximately 5,000-square foot exhibition, Dig It! The Secrets of Soil, which opened July 19, 2008 at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC.
Sara Uttech | Newswise Science News
Further reports about: > ArcGIS geodatabase software > Flexible Arbeitszeiten > RASP > Recycling > Remote Area Soil Proxy > SSSA > Science TV > Soil Science > allophane > bioremediation > crop production > ecosystem sustainability > environmental quality > ferrihydrite > soil formation > terrain attributes > waste management
Diagnoses: When Are Several Opinions Better Than One?
19.07.2016 | Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung
High in calories and low in nutrients when adolescents share pictures of food online
07.04.2016 | University of Gothenburg
Terahertz excitation of selected crystal vibrations leads to an effective magnetic field that drives coherent spin motion
Controlling functional properties by light is one of the grand goals in modern condensed matter physics and materials science. A new study now demonstrates how...
Researchers from the Institute for Quantum Computing (IQC) at the University of Waterloo led the development of a new extensible wiring technique capable of controlling superconducting quantum bits, representing a significant step towards to the realization of a scalable quantum computer.
"The quantum socket is a wiring method that uses three-dimensional wires based on spring-loaded pins to address individual qubits," said Jeremy Béjanin, a PhD...
In a paper in Scientific Reports, a research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute describes a novel light-activated phenomenon that could become the basis for applications as diverse as microscopic robotic grippers and more efficient solar cells.
A research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) has developed a revolutionary, light-activated semiconductor nanocomposite material that can be used...
By forcefully embedding two silicon atoms in a diamond matrix, Sandia researchers have demonstrated for the first time on a single chip all the components needed to create a quantum bridge to link quantum computers together.
"People have already built small quantum computers," says Sandia researcher Ryan Camacho. "Maybe the first useful one won't be a single giant quantum computer...
COMPAMED has become the leading international marketplace for suppliers of medical manufacturing. The trade fair, which takes place every November and is co-located to MEDICA in Dusseldorf, has been steadily growing over the past years and shows that medical technology remains a rapidly growing market.
In 2016, the joint pavilion by the IVAM Microtechnology Network, the Product Market “High-tech for Medical Devices”, will be located in Hall 8a again and will...
14.10.2016 | Event News
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12.10.2016 | Event News
24.10.2016 | Earth Sciences
24.10.2016 | Life Sciences
24.10.2016 | Physics and Astronomy | <urn:uuid:15e529dd-7d65-4fe3-b840-82529471eadf> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.innovations-report.com/hrml/reports/studies/flexible-soil-model-maps-remote-areas-138166.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00292-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904223 | 1,198 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Reflections on Arctic Research Coordination
By: Brendan P. Kelly, currently Executive Director of the IARPC and Assistant Director for Polar Science in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
My friend and colleague John Farrell, Executive Director of the Arctic Research Commission, recently surfaced a publication from a couple of decades back by a former Chair of that Commission. John noted that many of the same issues we are tackling now in Arctic research were current back then. On the other hand, I would argue that our understanding of many of the topics has advanced tremendously in the past couple of decades, because there are a lot of very talented people working hard on those issues. ARCUS, the Study of Environmental Arctic Change, the Arctic Research Commission, and other organizations have become more and more adept at promoting and coordinating the efforts of a creative and hard-working research community.
What has changed even more, I think, is the degree of communication between disciplines and the emphasis on integrating traditional knowledge and science. To be clear, we are far from proficient at that integration, but its importance is more consistently appreciated even as we struggle to make it a reality.
Within the Federal government, there have been substantial advances in coordination of research and other issues in the Arctic. The Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) was given a great boost when the President's science advisor made it a subcommittee in the National Science and Technology Council and when the National Science Foundation increased staffing support for the committee. With that boost, IARPC produced the Arctic Research Plan: FY2013 – 2017 and stood up 12 teams to implement the plan. Thanks to cat herder par excellence, Sara Bowden (serving as IARPC's Executive Secretary); Sandy Starkweather; and dedicated team leaders, the teams are advancing the milestones spelled out in the research plan. There are somewhere on the order of 300 people (and growing) involved the effort, and I forever marvel at what Sara and Sandy keep moving.
Recently, we expanded the implementation teams to include non-Federal collaborators and have been convening meetings of these broader "collaboration teams." From time-to-time it is necessary, for reasons of fairness and legalities, to convene only the Federal implementation teams. For example, developing solicitations for Federal funding must not include people from outside of the Federal government. Most often, however, the teams convene to communicate and coordinate all of the talent (Federal or otherwise) working in their topic area, and for those we want to harness all of the available talent wherever it resides; hence, collaboration teams. We continue to seek involvement of researchers wanting to contribute to the combined efforts. The full list of teams can be seen online here. The website is soon to be enhanced to support the collaboration teams and communicate with wider audiences. Sara, Sandy, Helen Wiggins, and others on the ARCUS staff are doing excellent work to make the website a powerful tool.
Research planning is necessarily iterative, and IARPC is planning to update its research plan. To that end, IARPC agencies sponsored the recently released Polar Research Board study on emerging issues in the Arctic (The Arctic in the Anthropocene: Emerging Research Questions) . That excellent report will help bring the thinking of the greater research community in to IARPC planning.
All of which is to say, this is a good time to sneak out of my role as Assistant Director for Polar Science in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). In that position, I have served as Executive Director of the IARPC and had the very great pleasure of seeing the Arctic research community make great strides not only in understanding the Arctic system but also in pulling together so that they realize the benefits of coordination.
I have used the analogy of harnessing dogs to sleds to describe what it takes to get scientists to coordinate their efforts (lest my colleagues not appreciate being likened to dogs, I hasten to point out that my best field companions were very smart Labrador retrievers, so I mean the analogy with the greatest respect). Tandem hitches—dogs harnessed closely to one another pulling in two parallel lines—are efficient in that they enforce pulling in one direction. Fan hitches, in contrast, have each dog on their own trace connected to the sled; the dogs are fanned out in front and pull only in the same general direction. The loss of efficiency in the fan hitch, however, tends to be compensated by the fact that the arrangement is more consistent with dog sociality. Dogs like to preserve some interpersonal distance. The independence of scientists, likewise, is preserved when they are not tied to a single direction. Forcing them along a single trajectory (as if anyone could!) would stifle important creativity. On the other hand, tough problems like many of those faced in the Arctic are well served by groups pulling in the same general direction. The person on the back of the sled generally gets a terrific ride, although occasionally finds him or her self untangling some traces.
OSTP hopes to bring on a new Assistant Director for Polar Science soon, and in the meantime, Simon Stephenson, Section Head for Arctic Science at NSF, will take on the role of Executive Director of IARPC. That is especially appropriate given that Simon has consistently provided the big-picture vision for IARPC. And, he is adept at fan hitches.
After June 20, 2014, I shall be at the address below and keen to aid the overall efforts in a new role.
Thanks for all of your patience and support.
Brendan P. Kelly
Director of Conservation Research and Chief Scientist
Monterey Bay Aquarium
886 Cannery Row
Monterey, CA 93940
bkelly [at] mbayaq.org | <urn:uuid:2bc3e1f2-9177-418d-9990-88864c308891> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.arcus.org/witness-the-arctic/2014/2/article/21125 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.949921 | 1,182 | 1.765625 | 2 |
THE BRITISH CHESS MAGAZINE
No. 1 Vol. LXXVI (January 1956)
His many friends in Europe, and particularly in this country, will grieve to learn of the unexpected and premature death of the U.S.A. master Herman Steiner, at the age of fifty. He came home from a round of the California State Championship in Los Angeles, complained of pains in his chest, went to bed early, and died of a heart attack on November 25th.
Thus the liveliest and most enthusiastic chess spirit has passed from the American chess scene.
Born on April 15th, 1905, at Dunaiskoi Stredi (which was then Hungary and later became Czechoslovakia), he went as a boy of sixteen to New York and eventually settled at Los Angeles in 1932. There he formed and ran a chess club that attracted many celebrated visitors from the nearby film world, notably Humphrey Bogart and Jose Ferrer. Indeed, I well remember Ferrer, that most intelligent of actors, remarking to me only a few months ago, what a genius of a chess-teacher Herman Steiner was.
As a chess-player Steiner had a successful but up-and-down career. For his outstanding combinative gifts and adventurous temperament always biased him in favor of the risky line so that he could follow up one fine tournament result with a correspondingly poor score in the next.
In the United States his chief tournament successes were equal fourth at New York, 1931; equal first with Yanofsky in the 1943 Open Championship; first in the 1946 Open Championship; and U.S.A. Champion in 1948.
In international events his best performance was his first place at London, 1946, ahead of Dr. Tartakower, Dr. Bernstein, Opocensky, myself, and others. He was also first at Wiesbaden, 1928, and Berlin, 1931. Other good results were: second at Gyor, 1930; second at Brno, 1931; and equal third with Dr. Euwe at Hastings, 1946.
He represented the U.S.A. with considerable success at three International Team Tournament; at Hamburg, 1930, where he scored 8 out of 15; Prague, 1931 (8.5 out of 12); and Dubrovnik, 1950 (3.5 out of 7). He also scored 1.5 out of 2 against Bondarevsky in a radio match v. the U.S.S.R. in 1945.
Our deepest sympathies go towards his widow and son on their premature loss. Indeed, it still seems hardly possible and I myself will miss more than I can express his warm and friendly presence at international events. - H. Golombek.
Return to Index | <urn:uuid:f3ceba16-d6e4-4c5b-a44c-a89d5a47cc19> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.chessdryad.com/articles/bcm/art_08.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00404-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963501 | 572 | 1.65625 | 2 |
It almost always comes to us in a YouTube video. Fit men and women taking on the streets in ways that seem to go against the laws of physics. Jumps, flips, heights, and amazing feats of balance. The problem is that most of what we see in those videos is not real parkour. In fact, real parkourists think it’s crazy to jump from precarious heights.
Since its ancient beginnings, parkour has been used to help people hunt effectively. It wasn’t until recently that we decided to put a name to it. Now it’s quickly becoming a popular urban sport. | <urn:uuid:95938439-47a9-447e-8739-696b45696b59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mirrornews.hfcc.edu/section/sports?page=13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.971111 | 127 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Pevensey Bay. The Normans came ashore here in 1066
King Harold played a starring role in perhaps the most famous episode in English history, the Norman invasion of 1066. And yet in a sense Harold has been written out of history, as a king who only reigned for a few months before being swept away by a great historical tide which began with William The Conqueror. The rhyme that helps school children remember the sequence of British monarchs "Willy, Willy, Harry..." etc begins with William of Normandy. Harold, and for that matter all of his Anglo Saxon predecessors are ignored. Reading history you do wonder whether things are actually destined to work out as they do. So many factors come together that the story often seems inevitable. But is that inevitability put in later by writers with a vested interest in the way things worked out? There is no reason to begin the monarchs rhyme with William, but the fact that he is considered England's first king is a credit to the power of his invasion and subsequent hold on England. A military invasion on the scale of the Norman conquest is always going to be backed up by an equally vigorous propaganda campaign. And propaganda, if it is anything is a way of making people accept what happened to them as inevitable. The tide of history may have turned against Harold of England, or we might have been persuaded that it did. The story of Harold is Shakespearian in the way it makes us think about fate and freewill.
The Quay at Sandwich
A good place to start Harold's story is in 1009. It was during this year Brithtric, brother of a powerful noble from the Midlands, and Wulfnoth, a Sussex landowner were given command of a fleet of one hundred ships by King Ethelred, "the Unready". These vessels, built at great expense, were gathered at Sandwich in Kent to oppose Viking raids. Unfortunately Brithtric and Wulfnoth fell out, over accusations of corruption. Wulfnoth was exiled, and reacted by taking a force of twenty ships with him, which he used to raid the south coast of England for supplies. Brithtric was sent after the renegade with his remaining eighty ships. But a storm blew up during the chase, and while Wulfnoth, the more experienced sailor, got his ships through safely, Brithtric trying to give chase lost all of his. So England lost its fleet, and the family of the future king Harold enters the record for the first time. The renegade Wulfnoth was his grandfather.
Wulfnoth's son Godwine remained in England and attempted to recover his family's ruined reputation. Godwine established himself as a loyal retainer of the royal family. However, in the confused world of English monarchy, loyalty was always going to be a difficult business. King Ethelred was losing ground rapidly to Danish invaders led by Canute. Ethelred's son Edmund was moving against his father even before Ethelred's last illness began. Godwine remained loyal to Edmund rather than the ailing incompetent king. Once Ethelred died on 23rd April 1016, Godwine was to gain an impressive reputation in Edmund's many battles with Canute. Inspite of Edmund's brave fight, which gained him the title Ironside, Edmund was forced to negotiate with Canute. Following a conference on the Isle of Athelney in the river Severn, Edmund saved his authority in Wessex, only to die suddenly on 30th November 1016. Canute was then in full control of England. Godwine had remained loyal to Edmund, even when others had changed sides once it was obvious he could not win. Surprisingly Canute turned out to be the sort of man who despised turncoats who switched sides to him, and admired those who remained beside their fallen leader to the end. The professional traitor Eadric Streona who had helped Canute defeat Edmund was executed for his trouble. In contrast, Godwine, who had been Edmund's resolute ally, was raised to the rank of earl by 1018. By 1023 he was one of Canute's most trusted aides. Godwine named his first son Swein after Canute's father, and his second son Harold, after the king's grandfather and brother. A third son, Tosti took his name from a famous Danish sea captain, and his daughter Gunnhild took her name from that of Canute's daughter. Godwine was now in charge of large areas of England. When Canute went overseas, it was Godwine who was left in charge. At this point there does seem to be an inevitability to events. Godwine had stood by Edmund and accepted his fate, which surprisingly turned out to be an earldom and the favour of Canute.
A stable and happy time for Godwine's family came to an end in November 1035 when Canute died. Canute's two sons by two different wives, Harold Harefoot and Harthacanute, disputed the succession. Godwine supported the elder brother Harthacanute, but Harthacanute left for Denmark to fight a potential invasion from Norway. Harold Harefoot seized control in England, which left Godwine in a difficult position. He could either remain loyal to his original candidate, or switch to the new king. By now Godwine seemed to have largely grown out of the youthful idealism which had seen him remain resolutely loyal to the defeated King Edmund. When Edmund's younger brother Alfred arrived in England looking for support for his own claim to the throne, Godwine captured him and handed him over to Harefoot. Harold Harefoot, well known for his cruelty, blinded Alfred at Ely, the young man dying soon afterwards. Godwine's show of support for a cruel king was an embarrassment when Harold Harefoot died in 1040. The returning Harthacanute wanted to know why Godwine hadn't shown more loyalty. Things got even worse when Harthacanute died in 1042. He was succeeded as king by none other than Edward, younger brother of Alfred, who Godwine had sent to his death. Fortunately for Godwine the new king Edward, later known as Edward the Confessor, had little wealth, and no battle fleet to back him up. Distasteful as it may have been, Edward was forced to accept the fact that he needed Godwine's support. Godwine was now the most powerful earl in England, and Edward simply could not afford to alienate him. Edward married Godwine's daughter Edith, and placed Godwine's sons in positions of power. Harold was made Earl of East Anglia.
The king, supposedly the most powerful of men found himself at the mercy of circumstance. This situation continued when it become clear that Edith would not be able to have children. This meant there would be no heir to the throne. Edward needed to divorce Edith and find a new wife, but for the divorce to go ahead, her protective father Godwine would have to be dealt with. Gathering crisis erupted around July 1051, when Edward's brother-in-law Count Eustace of Boulogne visited England. On his way back to the continent Eustace and his party got into a fight with the townspeople of Dover. As Dover was in an area administered by Godwine, the earl was told to ravage the town in retribution. Godwine refused. Edward summoned a meeting of the royal council for 8th September to deal with Godwine. The riot in Dover which caused such problems for Godwine, has the appearance of an unfortunate turn of fate. In reality it is quite possible that Edward engineered rioting in Dover, making a desperate effort to control events which until now had controlled him. Eustace and his men, for some reason, put their armour on before entering Dover, as though they were expecting trouble. What seemed to have been a twist of fate could actually have been planned. If it was a plan it worked well, with Godwine being forced into appearing to defy the king.
Godwine now realised that he was in real trouble, and decided to call out his forces. His sons Swein and Harold did the same. Both sides, however, shied away from civil war, and support for Godwine started to dwindle. Godwine was forced into exile, leaving England from his estate at Bosham in Sussex and heading for Flanders. Harold made for Ireland. Free of Godwine's influence Edward quickly sent his wife Edith to a nunnery at Wilton. This action was obviously motivated by Edward's desire to find a new wife and secure the succession with a son of his own. It's at this point that propagandists try to present different inevitabilities Going to all the trouble of trying to get rid of Edith makes it unlikely that, as claimed in some sources, William of Normandy now visited Edward and was offered the crown of England. The volume of the Anglo Saxon Chronicles known as Chronicle D mentions this visit and the offer of the crown to William, as do later Norman writers. Contemporary Norman writers, however, do not mention any visit, and David Douglas, in his book William the Conqueror thinks such a visit very unlikely. The historian Ian Walker suggests that reference to the visit in Chronicle D of the Anglo Saxon Chronicles was added after 1066 to bolster William's claim to the English throne. What we see here then is probably an effort by later writers to bring a sense of inevitability to chaotic events which had no such certainty.
The Thames at London Bridge - photo by Julian Jones
Meanwhile Godwine in Bruges and Harold in Dublin prepared their forces for a return. Godwine used his wealth to hire mercenaries to bolster the ranks of his supporters. Harold recruited mercenaries in Ireland. To counter the growing threat Edward gathered a fleet of forty ships at Sandwich in Kent, but found support for it was not strong. The people of Dover, who Godwine had saved from attack in 1051, were no doubt particularly luke warm. On 24th June 1052 Godwine landed undetected at Dungeness and set about recruiting seamen from Hastings and other parts of Kent. When news of this finally reached King Edward at Sandwich the fleet sailed, but Godwine was warned and moved on to Pevensey. Edward could not give chase because his unenthusiastic fleet simply fell apart. Edward sacked the commanders and crews, but could not find any replacements. Godwine heard about this and seized his opportunity. Combining his forces with Harold, he sailed up the Thames on 14th September 1052. The invasion fleet had to wait for high tide to allow them past London Bridge, and Godwine used this period to negotiate with Londoners, who were generally sympathetic. In an image much used to indicate the shifting patterns of destiny, the tide came in, and Godwine moved beyond London Bridge. Edward saw that his position was hopeless. In the talks that followed Godwine was restored to all his lands, and Edith returned from Wilton nunnery. Now all hope of a son was gone, and Edward the Confessor retreated into his famous quiet reflection and prayer, accepting that life had more control over him than he had over it.
Archbishop Robert of Jumieges, who had done much to encourage Godwine's exile, fled to Normandy. He may have left behind a hoard of silver coins, buried on his estate in Appledore, Kent. In 1997 this hoard of silver coins was found by a group of metal detector enthusiasts, and is now on display at the British Museum. Archbishop Robert, his position of power gone, with lots of his money buried in the ground near Appledore, was an embittered man. At some point he seems to have visited King William of Normandy to ask for help in opposing Godwine. Robert may have made much of his job of crowning English kings, and could have given the impression that he wanted William on the throne. From such a senior dignitary as the Archbishop of Canterbury this could very well have seemed like a formal offer of the kingship. We do not know what actually happened, but William heard what he wanted to hear, created a sense of destiny for himself, and certainly came to believe in the validity of his claim to the throne of England.
Within a year of Godwine's victory on the Thames, he collapsed and died at a royal feast, on Easter Monday 1053. King Edward, still with a little fight left in him, now tried to secure the succession by contacting the family of his older brother Edmund Ironside. Edmund had died probably from wounds fighting the army of King Canute, but his son Edward had lived in Hungary for many years. He was now tracked down and tempted back to England with a promise of the throne. Unfortunately the prospective successor died soon after he returned to England in 1057. Attention now switched to the dead man's young son Edgar, but he was a young boy, and not ready to be king. Godwine's son Harold was the next obvious choice. By 1064 he was at the height of his power and seemed England's natural leader in waiting. But then in 1064 circumstances closed in on Harold, as they had on Edward the Confessor. Harold made a trip to Normandy, which would ultimately lead to his downfall. The Bayeux Tapestry shows Harold going into the church at Bosham to pray before boarding his ship. This trip is mysterious and still the subject of controversy, and there is no definitive view. Harold may have been travelling to Normandy to seek the release of members of his family who were held hostage there. The chronicler William of Malmesbury claimed that Harold arrived in Normandy by accident during a storm. Whatever the real reason for the trip, we can say that Harold was caught in a storm and blown ashore on a beach in Ponthieu, a province neighbouring Normandy. There he was captured by Count Guy and imprisoned at Beaurain. William of Normandy heard of this, and knowing how useful Harold would be to his ambitions for the English throne, he demanded that the captive be handed over.
Once in William's hands Harold was treated as an honoured guest, and invited to accompany William on a raid into a neighbouring Breton area. Each man no doubt was sizing the other up. Then after all these preliminaries William got down to business, asking Harold to swear loyalty to him, and to support his claim to the English throne. Harold had been treated as a guest, but it must have been very clear to him that this could change. Members of his family had been held in Normandy for years, and the same possibility now loomed for Harold. If he wanted to go home there was no option for Harold but to swear the oath that William asked for, in front of witnesses. Once this was done William let his "guest" go. But the oath was to hang over Harold. Now if Harold staked his own claim to kingship, he could easily be portrayed as a dishonourable man who broke solemn oaths. Following his return from Normandy Harold encountered more problems, unintentionally making an enemy of his brother Tosti. In 1065, Tosti, Earl of Northumbria, imposed unpopular taxes, which provoked rebellion against him. Harold was asked to mediate, and came to the conclusion that King Edward had a stark choice between supporting Tosti which would bring civil war, or agreeing to the rebels' grievances against taxation. Harold advised accepting the rebel demands, which Edward felt was his only option. Tosti went into exile, to nurse a bitter grudge against his brother.
By Christmas 1065 Edward the Confessor was severely ill. The succession crisis reached the culmination it had been building towards for years. King Edward on his death bed seemed to favour Harold as his successor, as testified by a number of different sources. Edward died on 5th January 1066, and was buried in Westminster Abbey on 6th January. Later the same day Harold was crowned king. Once again there is a suggestion that accounts of this day were manipulated to give a sense of inevitability to later events. While it is usually claimed that William the Conqueror was the first king crowned at Westminster Abbey, creating a traditional crowning place for English monarchs, Ian Walker suggests that Harold's coronation ceremony probably took place at Westminster Abbey. The guests at Edward the Confessor's burial would have been the same group attending the coronation, so it made sense that they stayed where they were, not trek across London to St Paul's. Propaganda might also be evident in the portrayal of Harold's coronation in the enigmatic Bayeux Tapestry. The Tapestry is a mysterious document which may have been produced by English hands, working under Norman masters. There is a mixture of influence in the way events are portrayed. The tapestry shows Harold being crowned by Archbishop Stigand. Stigand had replaced Robert of Jumieges, who we already know had been exiled for his support of Godwine. Controversially Archbishop Stigand did not have proper papal recognition. The idea was to portray Harold as being crowned by a man unqualified to do so, making the coronation invalid. It is actually very unlikely that Stigand presided at the coronation, a man who had not even consecrated bishops. English sources say that Ealdred, Archbishop of York carried out the service, the man who undertook all Stigand's other duties of consecration. This is almost certainly what happened, but history was manipulated later to tell a different story.
Early in the new year Harold married Alditha, sister of the two northern earls, Edwin and Morcar, to ensure national unity. His former wife Edith Swan Neck had been a "common-law" wife, a type of marriage seen frequently in Danish society. This left room for a strategic marriage to Alditha. Harold then set about securing his kingdom. Tosti mounted raids on the south coast, but was driven into Scotland. There Tosti waited for his next chance, spending time in Scotland forging an alliance with Harald Hadrada of Norway. Hadrada was a Viking warrior in the old tradition, and did not need the various tortuous justifications that William required for invasion. England was rich, promised lots of potential plunder, and a former English earl had offered an alliance. What more incentive was needed? In the late autumn of 1066 three hundred ships sailed for England, the army coming ashore at Riccall, and immediately making for York. This army defeated the forces of Edwin and Morcar at Fulford on Wednesday 20th September. Back in London, King Harold, with impressive organisation raised an army and moved it north at speed, to take the Norwegians by surprise on 25th September at Stamford Bridge, eight miles outside York. Harold's army pushed the Norwegians back across the river Derwent into an area known as Battle Flats. Here Harald Hadrada and Tosti were killed, and their army defeated. The survivors ran for their ships thirteen miles away at Riccall. Harold gave chase and could have destroyed the entire army. Instead he allowed the survivors to sail away, after making promises never to return. Of the three hundred ships that set out, only twenty four sailed home.
A northerly wind had blown the Norwegian army across the North Sea to England. On 27th September northerly winds, which had been holding William's invasion fleet at St Valery, veered round to the south. This change is described by the expert on Harold, Ian Walker, a calm, analytical civil servant. Ian Walker is not the sort of writer to talk about fate, but like the tide coming in for Godwine at London Bridge, Walker mentions the wind shift to suggest exactly this kind of influence beyond human control. Fate was to be a great focus of later writers who saw judgment in what was about to happen when William's battle fleet used the southerly winds to sail to England. These writers wanted to give the impression that Harold was in the hands of a destiny that would see him defeated. And in a very real sense this destiny was invented. Many details in the records that come down to us are Norman inventions - the idea of William visiting Edward and being offered the throne, the idea that Harold was crowned by an archbishop who was not qualified to do his job, the idea that Harold had made a solemn oath, and deserved to be punished by God for breaking it. Fate in this sense was invented later. And yet... it was October, late in the year, and if that wind had remained blowing from the north for just a little while longer, William may not have risked sailing. That would have given Harold time to recover, and history could have been very different.
Standing on the ridge in front of Battle Abbey, where Harold formed his defensive line in 1066
William landed at Pevensey on the morning of 28th September, after a remarkable night crossing. He then dug in at Hastings and waited for Harold to come. Perhaps news of the great English victory at Stamford Bridge made him cautious. Harold rushed south, paused for a few days in London to gather forces, and then made his way quickly into Sussex. His plan was probably to contain William, cut off his line of retreat, and then move in to destroy him. William knew his only chance was to attack immediately. He told his men the truth, that they were alone in a foreign country and fighting for their lives. If they wanted to live they had to win. At dawn on 14th October 1066 William moved towards Harold's army, which had reached the area of Senlac Ridge near Hastings the day before. The English were not prepared for such a sudden move by the Normans, but they still managed to quickly form an effective defensive position on top of a ridge. The battle began at about 9am and continued all day, fortune moving one way and then the other. William fought with religious relics hanging around his neck, which he hoped would bring him luck. During the course of the battle it is often claimed that William gained the upper hand through such tactics as feigned withdrawals. According to Ian Walker this is not true. In his view this kind of tactic made little overall difference and the battle continued on as before, with the Normans attacking a stubborn English line. With evening coming on, victory was in sight for the English. If they could hold the Normans until nightfall, then William would have to fall back. On the following day fresh English troops would arrive, to face exhausted and beleaguered invaders. William would be finished. Knowing they were in acute danger the Normans launched one last frenzied attack. The English stood firm, until a stray arrow suddenly hit Harold in the face. Once news of this spread through the English army there was a sudden collapse in morale. The Normans broke through, and the English ranks fell apart. And that is probably all that the battle turned on, one stray arrow. ( For a discussion of differences of opinion over the site of the Battle of Hastings click here.)
Harold was buried on the seashore, so that his grave could not become a symbol of English resistance in the days and years to follow.
The more I read about the Norman Conquest the more I agree with Forrest Gump:
"I don't know if we each have a destiny, or if we're all just floating around accidental-like on a breeze, but I think maybe it's both. Maybe both is happening at the same time." | <urn:uuid:ea0e3deb-d1f2-4dd1-a0b6-6f7ce7a4e724> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.infobritain.co.uk/King_Harold.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00515-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988913 | 4,837 | 3.265625 | 3 |
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The costs of developing marine energy projects to respect EU environmental policies are “disproportionate” compared to their size.
That’s the view of Stephanie Merry, Sector Advisor in marine renewables at the Renewable Energy Association (REA).
She believes developers have to conduct a lot of expensive assessments which leads to more investment and are a disincentive for small projects.
That’s because wave and tidal energy are both “very new technologies” which attract attention from regulators.
Ms Merry told ELN: “There are barriers in the size of the environmental impact assessments you have to do. I gave the example of the Isle of Wight which was £1 million and 21 volumes of assessment, which for a small 30MW project is disproportionate.”
That’s due to lack of knowledge, she said: “Regulators don’t really understand the technology because it is so new and they haven’t had to deal with it before. So they are very worried that they might not put sufficient regulation on the project and there’s always lots of possibilities they might get taken to court by the EU.”
Although two big companies Pelamis and Aquamarine Power have gone into administration, Ms Merry hopes the wave and tidal sector will grow in 2016.
She added: “We see foreign companies coming in and they are using the facilities of the European Marine Energy Centre in the Orkney Islands so they see there’s a future in these technologies.”
One of the big projects the sector is working on is the MeyGen plant in the Pentland Firth off the Scottish coast which is said to be the first array of six tidal generators.
Tidal energy firm Atlantis Resources said the 1.5MW turbine to be installed in the project will be tested under a six-week programme in England.
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Harvard Economic Research Project in 1948Tue May 17, 2011 10:36126.96.36.199Harvard Economic Research Project in 1948
Loentief Relates Economic Theory to Fact
Professor's Research Project Perfects Input-Output Anaysis
For the past ten years, Harvard's Economic Research Project has been perfecting a unique analytical tool developed by Wassily W. Leontief, Henry Lee Professor of Economics. Input-output or inter-industry analysis, as the tool is known, evolved from a search by Leontief for a way to apply economic theory to a factual analysis of the entire national economy.
RE: SILENT WEAPONS FOR QUITE WARS
In Germany during the middle dle twenties, Leontief studied what he considered one of the greatest problems in economics, that of relating abstract theory to actual fact. "Too often," he explained, "one group of people makes the theories while another assembles the facts." His early work was done in "partial theory," by which the market is dissected and sections of it studied. Such problems as the market effect of a change in the price of copper, or an increase in the supply of meat, were tackled by him and his co-workers during these years.
Whole Economy of Interest
The more Leontief studied, however, the more convinced he became that the most interesting problems were not those related to small, isolated parts of the market, but rather those dealing with the economy as a whole. In early 1932, he came to Harvard, a lecturer in Economics, and secured funds from the College for research. By 1935 he had developed the first input-output table of United States industry.
An input-output table is essentially a double-entry chart of all the transactions between different sectors of the economy. It shows for a particular year what each industry supplies to every other industry and to the final consumer. The table is arranged so that each industry, or supplier, appears as a producer down one side of the chart, and again, in the same order, as a consumer along the top.
One of the most important aspects of the analysis is that it allows a detailed study of the sectors of the economy and their effects on each other and on the economy as a whole. It can bring to account every transaction in goods and services. Final demand, which appears down the last right-hand column, is the total of intermediate demands of the industrial sectors, private consumers, government, and overseas customers, plus gross investment. The dollar value of final demand for a particular sector is equal to the sum of the inputs that go into that sector. Inputs are totaled in the columns (up and down), outputs are totaled in rows (left to right). By using a double entry system, the chart is self-checking with total output and total input for each sector resulting in equal dollar values.
The table can be as detailed as necessary. Leontief's original version had only 15 catalogues; the latest U.S. table, made in 1947, by the government, included 450 industries.
Other Products Required
Preparation of the table just described, which shows input-output relations in current money values is only the first step of Leonteif's analysis. The second step is to "invert the matrix," producing a table of coefficients that shows the amounts of every other product required to bring into existance a dollar's worth of any given product.
From this second table forecasts can be made of the effect throughout all industries of a change in demand for the produce of one industry. The statistical computations for "inverting the matrix" are multitudinous and require the solution of so many simultaneous equations that electronic computers must be used. Presently the Research Project is using a Univac and an IBM 650. Calculations on household consumption are being made with M.I.T.'s 704.
Dynamic Table Needed
One of the main limitations of the table is it necessitates (assuming) technological conditions unchanged for the period of the forecast. A large, 450-catagory input-output table takes about two years to complete. This time lag, however, has not proven as serious as critics had predicted. In the United States, calculations based on 1947 figures were found to apply closely to conditions in 1952. Leontief and members of the Project are, however, developing a dynamic model to remove this limitation.
International attention has been attracted by the analytical device. Both advanced economies and underdeveloped countries have adopted Leontief's mode to answer specific questions that are pertinent to them. Underdeveloped countries are primarily interested in it for planning purposes; while advanced economies, particularly in Europe, are employing it to help solve trade balance problems.
Soon after World War II Italy, Holland, and Norway evolved their own charts. In Italy, under the Marshall Plan and private sponsorship, a table was developed to answer questions about the entire Italian economy and to assist in understanding the problems of relatively underdeveloped Southern Italy.
Norway and Holland were largely interested in solving import-export problems, and used the new system along with their national income accounts to see what effect a shift in the trade balance would have on industry. Several South American nations, including Argentina, Peru, Chile, and Equador are also using Leontief's device. Great Britain has employed it for several years.
The Russians have also manifested interest in input-output analysis, and are now training people to perform the necessary operations. Leontief, who visited his native Russia briefly last spring, believes that although they are "having a hard time justifying the use of an analytical tool developed by a capitalist," the Russians will resort to it soon. Certain revisions have to be made in U.S.S.R. statistical methods in order to facilitate use of the analysis, Leontief added.
Underdeveloped countries also have to overcome difficulties in formulating tables to use for planning. Although their economies are relatively uncomplicated, problems do arise in the collection of data, according to Mrs. E. W. Gilboy, assistant director of the Research Project and lecturer in Economics. Another difficulty for them is collecting funds for purchase of the giant computers necessary to construct the chart after the data is secured. Spain, which set up a table several years ago, had to send information to Italy, where computer work was done on Italian machines.
The Economic Research Project was set up 10 years ago by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to Leontief, "for research in the structure of the United States economy." Beginning in 1950, small Air Force grants were received, but these were discontinued in 1952, when the Administration changed. Ford Foundation then joined in support of the project. Since then a small grant from the National Science Foundation for large scale computation experimentation has also been donated.
The Project's work is not to construct actual tables. The cost of collecting the extremely large amount of data is beyond the scope of so small a group. The 25 Faculty members in the project conduct basic research, investigating different facets of Leontief's model. Among the studies now in progress is one on technological change and the methods through which new techniques are diffused through industry--this is coordinated with Leontief's work on a dynamic model. Application of the table to regional problems is being perfected; while various sectors of the economy--particularly household consumption and natural resources--are being given special attention.
About every 18 months, the Project prints a report on research to date, which has been sent free to interested people all over the world. The demand for these reports has become so great recently. Mrs. Gilboy remarked, that soon some charge will have to be made. Leontief plans to publish a series of small volumes to present the results of research made since 1953, when his last book (The Structure of the American Economy) on the project, was released.
The Research Project building, locat- ed on Massachusetts Ave., near the Law School also serves as a training center for interested visitors from foreign countries. Both Ford and Rockefeller Foundations assign Fellows to study research being conducted by the Project for periods extending from three to six months. Private groups also sponsor visitors. According to Mrs. Gilboy, the growing number of these students is beginning to tax facilities of the Project. Both working space and staff assistance are available to the Foundation-sponsored Fellows.
In spite of the adoption of input-output analysis by 35 interested foreign countries, the United States government has completely neglected the system in recent years. The last table devised for the U. S. economy was the 450-category chart made up in 1947. Interest at that time was occasioned by a wish to know the impact throughout the economy of an expansion of government spending on arms--the extent to which other types of production would have to contact, and the "bottle necks" that might arise.
Wartime experience, when demand is largely in the hands of the Federal Government, demonstrates the value of a realistic guide to such future events: it could assist authorities to control scarce materials, to encourage production or substitution for them well in advance, and to arrange for more imports.
Recently, however, the Department of Commerce announced plans to publish a new small table. This move shows that the government is actually interested in the analysis, and Leontief's predictions of wider U. S. government use in the future seem nearer fulfillment.
Small - Scale Table
The small-scale table that the Department plans, Mrs. Gilboy pointed out, is not really adequate for an economy as large and diverse as this country's. One with at least 450 industrial sectors is needed. Only the government or large scale industries could afford the million dollar cost of such a project. One reason for the government's lack of enthusiasm seems to be a general fear of "centralized planning.'
Interest in European nations has been prompted by import-export considerations. Underdeveloped economies are anxious to pursue a rapid planned growth process, which is greatly facilitated by this type of analysis.
Outside the government American industries and local groups have developed several input-output tables. The Pennsylvania Railroad has based one on industries and commercial establishments that have grown up alongside its tracks. A massive report on the results of its research was published by the railroad. "This is not an academic project," Leontief remarked, "but it is practical." In St. Louis a table based on the metropolitan area has been constructed. A banking house in Berkeley, Calif., has also completed a local chart.
The value of input-output analysis to individual industries and local areas is perhaps more limited than its value to a national government, but an industrialist does benefit by knowing the extent to which demand for his product might be affected by economic change. Input-output analysis will not replace, and was not intended to replace the entrepreneur's vital role of seeking profits by anticipating changes in taste and technology, but it does provide throughout the economic system many useful indicators of the results of a change--large or small--in one of the sectors
GOOGLE: THE ART OF WAR
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Kennan Cable No. 63: From Primacy to Preeminence: Managing the U.S.-Russia Rivalry during the Biden Administration
Western analysts often contend that China’s rise threatens Russia’s status as a leading power, both within its traditional sphere of influence and on the wider world stage.[i] These predictions cast doubt on the durability of any political alignment between Moscow and Beijing, reflecting the fraught nature of relations between the two countries throughout much of modern history, from the 19th-century “unequal treaties” to the Sino-Soviet split. However, as the rivalry between the United States and its great power adversaries has continued to deepen, this skeptical view of the Sino-Russian entente has become increasingly untenable.
Given the persistence of sanctions and the sharp deterioration of relations between Russia and the West since the 2013–14 Ukraine crisis, Moscow no longer has much reason to place possible long-term irritants with Beijing at the top of its list of security concerns.[ii] Aside from traditional assets such as its sprawling geography, nuclear arsenal, and seat on the UN Security Council, it is Moscow’s entente with Beijing—rather than a special relationship with Washington—that now serves as the primary guarantor of Russia’s great power status at the global level.
This situation is the by-product of the consolidation of an economic, political, and security architecture in Europe that largely excludes Russia. The Euromaidan revolution and its aftermath have ended hopes of an inclusive “Greater Europe” from Lisbon to Vladivostok, or even a long-term arrangement suitable to all parties in the absence of a full-fledged shared security system. Taking their place is an American-led “active pressure campaign” against Russia with no clear endgame.[iii] This leaves Moscow with little incentive to show restraint for fear of being made subject to further demands.
While all sides have contributed to this state of affairs, the posture of global primacy that has guided U.S. foreign policy throughout the post-Cold War era has been the main driver of growing security competition between the world’s most powerful states. Jennifer Lind and Daryl G. Press describe this drive for primacy, which goes beyond the mere preservation of American preeminence, as being rooted in “disregard for the core interests of potential adversaries.”[iv] This has not only pushed Russia and China closer together, but also exposed some of the contradictions of the so-called liberal international order. With any fundamental reset between Washington and Moscow unlikely for the foreseeable future, the limited but complex task of the Biden administration will be to shift the current primacy-oriented pressure campaign against Russia toward a more sustainable—yet still adversarial—relationship based on deterrence.
W(h)ither the liberal order?
In Western policy circles, events such as Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the election of Donald Trump are reflexively considered to be threats to the “liberal international order” (LIO). However, beyond the fact that this term did not come into regular usage until decades after the order’s supposed creation in the wake of World War II, the nature and scope of the LIO are often taken for granted. Besides a generic commitment to “rules-based” interaction among states, many of the principles that are said to underpin the LIO rest on dubious intellectual ground, challenging the notion that it should be considered synonymous with world order writ large.
For instance, the notion that the LIO rests upon a commitment to free trade is challenged by the reality that many countries—including liberal democracies—embraced protectionist policies long before Trump’s arrival in the White House. Nor is the advent of increasingly liberalized global trade necessarily a product of an overarching and enduring LIO. As Robert D. Kaplan has noted, “globalization was never a conflict-free security order, as originally advertised, but merely a value-neutral, temporary stage of economic development.”[v]
An additional feature of the liberal order—U.S. or Western leadership—has not been recognized as legitimate by other powers. What Moscow considers to be a mere “system built around American unipolarity” is not akin to the entrenchment of a universal LIO.[vi] Similar to the early Bolshevik period in which Russia adopted a revolutionary rather than a defensive mindset, Russian attempts to liberalize and join the West in the early 1990s were more reflective of a brief turn in European and global history than a permanent shift in Russian strategic attitudes.
Proponents of liberal internationalism also claim that their policies are aimed at protecting the right of small states to determine their own security arrangements. However, the factors that have buttressed the independence of small states in the postwar era—universal sovereignty, inviolable state borders, and sustained U.S. naval dominance—appear to conflict with more established liberal principles such as international integration, national self-determination, and security interdependence. This highlights how efforts to actualize and defend a “liberal” order can be fraught with confusion, leaving Western foreign policy vulnerable to accusations of double standards.
According to Richard Sakwa, these inconsistencies serve to highlight a core contradiction of the LIO that has become evident with the return of great power rivalry, in that it nominally embodies a universal “values order” even though it is upheld by a “power system” based on Western hegemony.[vii] Behind the inconsistently applied goal of spreading liberal values and norms rests a pursuit of American global primacy that has remained constant for the past three decades. Moscow and Beijing perceive this U.S. posture as a threat not only to their security but also to their status as equal great powers in the international system. The fact that American relations with Russia and China have continued to worsen over the past four years shows the extent to which the Trump administration did not fundamentally deviate from this approach, despite the concerns that were regularly voiced over the future of U.S. leadership. However, while Washington’s post-Cold War strategic posture has helped to push Moscow and Beijing closer together, it is not the only source of the deepening Sino-Russian strategic partnership.
Russia-China relations and global order
Since the initial aftermath of the Ukraine crisis, Russian foreign policy has been marked by its burgeoning “Greater Eurasia” vision, underwritten to a significant extent by its deepening entente with China. However, Russia’s announcement of its “pivot to the east” preceded the Euromaidan revolution by several years—a manifestation of Asia’s increasing strategic importance and dynamism and not just the troubled character of Moscow’s relations with the West.[viii] While it is true that Yevgeny Primakov’s tenure as foreign minister in the late 1990s emphasized the idea of a partnership with China and India to balance against the West, even his more liberal predecessor Andrei Kozyrev maintained that Russia should not choose definitively between East and West.[ix] This bicontinental discourse plays an important role in Russian politics and foreign policy, simultaneously reinforcing the country’s sense of national uniqueness, great power status, and special responsibility to uphold international security.
The process of normalization between Moscow and Beijing after the Sino-Soviet split began in the mid-to-late 1980s, long before Washington settled into an apparent strategy of “dual containment” of Russia and China beginning in the late Obama years.[x] In the context of the U.S.-Russia-China strategic triangle, Moscow has a natural interest in fostering good relations with Beijing irrespective of Washington’s posture, particularly given the lengthy border that the two countries share. If the factors driving Sino-Russian cooperation inherently produce a sustained confrontation with the U.S., then this perhaps says more about the nature of post-Cold War American foreign policy than it does about Russian or Chinese aims.
It is true that Russia and China do not possess identical conceptions of international order and that they have experienced the post-Cold War world differently. While Russia emerged from the Cold War no longer a superpower, China has been a beneficiary of existing international arrangements that have allowed it to mount an impressive economic rise.[xi] Moreover, while Moscow pursues a vision of a “polycentric world” as an end in itself to guarantee its place at the table of great powers, China is primarily preoccupied with preserving the international conditions that allow it to continue its economic modernization.[xii] Taken together, these differences paint Russian aims as more disruptive and Chinese goals as more pragmatic.
However, despite these differences, Michael Kofman asserts that the two countries have achieved “deconfliction [with each other] at the strategic level,”[xiii] facilitating their ability to “secure their strategic rear” in their respective contests with the U.S.[xiv] Security cooperation and trust building remain important features of the Russia-China relationship, both bilaterally and within regional bodies such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Unlike relations between the member states of the European Union, Sino-Russian ties are not entirely “de-securitized” or free of strategic considerations. Nonetheless, two powers that feature different political systems, dissimilar worldviews, and a history of mutual antagonism have managed to forge an entente rooted in substantial foreign policy coordination. This challenges the notion that a stable international order must be based upon a single set of norms and universal values.
Despite Moscow’s overriding goal of remaining an independent great power, Russia and China have proven able to compartmentalize areas of friction that would otherwise threaten to impede cooperation between them. Beijing’s rising profile in Europe and its neutrality in the Russia-Ukraine conflict—both products of China’s Belt and Road Initiative—have failed to impede the deepening of the Sino-Russian strategic partnership at the global level. In the Asia-Pacific theatre, Russia maintains good relations with Japan, India and Vietnam to avoid excessive dependence on China, but Moscow’s limited aims in the region do not threaten Beijing. In Central Asia, while no formal division of labor between the two countries exists, Russia and China have found a way to share power in a fashion that has thus far assuaged Russian concerns over its relative decline. In all cases, shared animosity towards Washington outweighs the potential divergence of interests in each other’s “backyards.”
In short, Moscow and Beijing have managed to develop a stable relationship as equal great powers on the basis of minimalism, an approach to international affairs in which robust institutions, military interoperability, and a shared values discourse are not the primary means through which cooperative relations are sustained. This contrasts markedly with Washington’s approach to order-building, which—even if one ignores its push for a global order rooted in liberal values—hinges on formal alliances where the U.S. is unquestionably the senior partner. Proponents of the LIO may take solace in the fact that, despite their shared opposition to U.S. hegemony and interventionism, Russia and China have yet to advance a comprehensive alternative vision for world order.[xv] However, this perspective ultimately misses the fact that the Sino-Russian approach does indeed provide an alternative model for stable great power relations.
In contrast with the Sino-Russian model, conceptions of international order rooted in U.S. leadership rest on more rigorous and inflexible principles. Countries such as Poland, Hungary, Turkey, India, and the Philippines have been periodically derided for being led by illiberal strongmen and at other times sought after to join an alliance of democracies to contain Russian or Chinese ambitions.[xvi] The former tendency favors the stringent application of liberal values on the world stage, while the latter aims to preserve the primacy of U.S.-backed norms by relegating non-democracies to second-tier status in the international order. Neither vision is compatible with a world order rooted in ideological pluralism. Perhaps the central question concerning great power relations and world order over the coming years concerns whether the West, and particularly the U.S., can ever accept minimalism as a legitimate means of solving global problems and ordering interstate relations. This calls into question the nature—and perhaps even the very notion—of U.S. leadership.
U.S.-Russia relations under the Biden administration
According to Bobo Lo, had Donald Trump been elected to a second term and the transatlantic community suffered a potentially fatal blow, Moscow could have moved toward a foreign policy centered less on a critique of the LIO and focused “more directly on Russia’s great power relations with the United States and China, either individually or in a quasi-Yalta arrangement.”[xvii] Joe Biden’s election likely ensures the continuation of a more explicit normative confrontation between Washington and Moscow featuring different visions of world order: universal values versus respect for pluralism, U.S.-centrism versus polycentrism. And while the worsening of U.S.-China ties may offer Moscow some space for maneuver in its relations with Beijing, the persistence of Western sanctions and the consolidation of Europe’s security order against Russian interests preclude any fundamental reconciliation between Russia and the West. These trends suggest that the fundamentals of the Sino-Russian entente remain strong.
The Russo-American confrontation is therefore likely to continue for the foreseeable future, especially given the power asymmetry between the two countries. Nonetheless, it can and should be brought to rest on more stable ground.
This task will prove challenging. Although the need for the Biden administration to focus on deep domestic challenges could produce more limited foreign policy aims, an inward-looking America may also not be amenable to revisiting the core tenets of its global role. Moreover, policy circles in Moscow have increasingly come to view the European Union as representing little more than an extension of American power. This damages prospects for dialogue between Brussels and Moscow to serve as a means of enhancing the EU’s strategic autonomy, which could help to transform Europe into a stabilizing buffer of sorts between the U.S. and Russia. In this context, Russia is likely to continue its (counterproductive) efforts to sow divisions in the transatlantic alliance and play on elements of discord within Western societies.
The events of recent years have left Russia and the U.S. locked in a zero-sum struggle. Mainstream analysts and politicians inside the Beltway view the absence of American leadership as tantamount to international disorder—in other words, threats to American primacy imperil American security. Meanwhile, the consolidation of an exclusionary Euro-Atlantic regional order has encouraged Moscow to securitize its relationship with the West both internationally and domestically, with threats to the regime viewed as wholesale challenges to Russian state security. In this context, Western economic, diplomatic, and military policies aimed at changing Moscow’s external behavior do not produce their desired effect.
The Kremlin will likely view the Biden administration as embodying the “last gasp of the former liberal consensus,”[xviii] with competition rendered more predictable but also more acute by the election of a president with greater freedom to set U.S. policy toward Russia. For its part, the U.S.—having failed to incorporate Russia into the West after the Cold War—is left with few policy options besides hoping for either regime change or Russia’s gradual disappearance as a significant power. This leaves neither side prone to compromise, particularly given that Russian President Vladimir Putin will need to determine his political future during the Biden presidency before his term expires in 2024.
Yet the notion—common in Washington policy circles—that the alternative to American global leadership is a world rooted in spheres of influence is misleading. Perhaps counterintuitively, while great powers retain a significant capacity to determine the context of the global policy agenda, their ability to exert themselves at the regional level in a world of universal sovereign statehood is more mixed. In particular, Russia’s influence in the post-Soviet space stands at an uncertain juncture: Ukraine and Moldova now lean toward the West, protests in Belarus have rendered Moscow’s long-term relations with its closest post-Soviet partner unclear, Turkey’s presence in the South Caucasus is on the rise even as the Nagorno-Karabakh settlement has called Russia’s alliance with Armenia into question, and China’s role in Central Asia continues to grow.[xix] For its part, China also faces an unfavorable security environment as its increasingly assertive posture has triggered a backlash from states within Asia and beyond.[xx]
A concerted effort by the Biden administration to re-establish the status quo ante in places such as the Middle East and the South Caucasus will collide with the reality of regional compacts forged between Russia and Turkey.[xxi] The absence of trust in U.S.-Russia relations leaves prospects for restoring the primacy of multilateral bodies such as the OSCE uncertain. However, this is not evidence of U.S. “isolationism” having led to the entrenchment of spheres of influence, but rather a reflection of changing American and Russian strategic priorities.
As its strategic focus has shifted toward China, Washington has grown less interested in managing European order as an end in itself, emphasizing instead the need for cooperation among allies in the new great power competition.[xxii] Moscow, for its part, has begun to revise its approach to managing its “near abroad” in light of its failed intervention in Ukraine and the growing regional influence of Turkey and China. In the case of the recent Nagorno-Karabakh war (and, to a lesser extent, during the Belarusian protests), this has involved prioritizing wider strategic considerations over the preservation of direct influence or the political status quo.[xxiii] While the U.S. and Russia will continue to disagree sharply on the norms that should govern European security, these trends offer a pathway toward a more transactional approach to bilateral relations—including but not limited to issues surrounding arms control and strategic stability—that reinforces rather than undermines deterrence.
As 2024 approaches, dynamics surrounding the conclusion of Putin’s fourth term in the Kremlin have the potential to increase the level of hostility and mistrust in Russo-American relations. The task of developing a more stable foundation for a U.S.-Russia rivalry with no end in sight must therefore begin before the political context becomes even less favorable to compromise. Fortunately, a shift in American grand strategy from primacy to mere pre-eminence is achievable without compromising on core security interests or global aims. What is required is a frank discussion surrounding the precise meaning of U.S. leadership in a world framed by great power rivalry and what any changes would imply for how Washington manages its alliances.
Dr. Zachary Paikin (@zpaikin) is a non-resident research fellow at the Institute for Peace and Diplomacy in Toronto and a member of the Cooperative Security Initiative, a project co-sponsored by GLOBSEC and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation’s Vienna office in cooperation with the OSCE. He holds a PhD in international relations from the University of Kent.
[i] Michael Cox, “China and Russia: Axis of Convenience or Strategic Partnership?”, in Yu Jie (ed.), From Deng to Xi: Economic Reform, the Silk Road, and the Return of the Middle Kingdom, Special Report No. 23 (London: LSE IDEAS, May 2017), 19-25.
[ii] Alexander Gabuev, “Huawei’s Courtship of Moscow Leaves West in the Cold,” Financial Times, June 21, 2020, https://www.ft.com/content/f36a558f-4e4d-4c00-8252-d8c4be45bde4
[iii] Michael Kofman, “Putting the Russia Problem in Perspective,” Frivärld, January 31, 2020, https://frivarld.se/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/kofman-2.0.pdf
[iv] Jennifer Lind and Daryl G. Press, “Reality Check,” Foreign Affairs (March/April 2020): 41–48.
[v] Robert D. Kaplan, “Why the U.S.-China Cold War Will Be Different,” The National Interest, January 19, 2020, https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/why-us-china-cold-war-will-be-different-114986
[vi] Michael Kofman, “Raiding and International Brigandry: Russia’s Strategy for Great Power Competition,” War on the Rocks (website), June 14, 2018, https://warontherocks.com/2018/06/raiding-and-international-brigandry-russias-strategy-for-great-power-competition/
[vii] Richard Sakwa, Russia Against the Rest: The Post-Cold War Crisis of World Order (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017), 282.
[viii] Paul J. Bolt and Sharyl N. Cross, China, Russia, and Twenty-First Century Global Geopolitics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), 12. Also see Alexander Lukin, China and Russia: The New Rapprochement (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018), 176–177.
[ix] Lukin, China and Russia, 73.
[x] Dmitri Trenin, “US Obsession With Containment Driving China and Russia Closer,” Carnegie Moscow Center (website), July 31, 2019, https://carnegie.ru/2019/07/31/us-obsession-with-containment-driving-china-and-russia-closer-pub-79609
[xi] Paul Stronski and Nicole Ng, Cooperation and Competition: Russia and China in Central Asia, the Russian Far East, and the Arctic (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, February 28, 2018), https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/02/28/cooperation-and-competition-russia-and-china-in-central-asia-russian-far-east-and-arctic-pub-75673
[xii] Zachary Paikin, “The Sino-Russian Entente and EU Foreign Policy After the Pandemic,” RUSI (Royal United Services Institute website), July 21, 2020, https://rusi.org/commentary/sino%E2%80%93russian-entente-and-eu-foreign-policy-after-pandemic
[xiii] Michael Kofman, “The Emperors League: Understanding Sino-Russian Defense Cooperation,” War on the Rocks (website), August 6, 2020, https://warontherocks.com/2020/08/the-emperors-league-understanding-sino-russian-defense-cooperation/
[xiv] Michael Kofman, “Towards a Sino-Russian entente?” Riddle (website), November 29, 2019, https://www.ridl.io/en/towards-a-sino-russian-entente/
[xv] G. John Ikenberry, “The End of Liberal International Order?” International Affairs 94, no. 1 (2018): 7–23. Also see Andrey Kortunov, “Who Will Build the New World Order?” Russian International Affairs Council (website), June 6, 2019, https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and-comments/analytics/who-will-build-the-new-world-order/
[xvi] David Adler and Stephen Wertheim, “Biden Wants to Convene an International 'Summit for Democracy'. He Shouldn't,” The Guardian, December 22, 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/dec/22/biden-wants-to-convene-an-international-summit-for-democracy-he-shouldnt
[xvii] Bobo Lo, Greater Eurasia: The Emperor’s New Clothes or an Idea Whose Time Has Come? Russie.Nei.Reports No. 27 (Paris: Ifri, July 2019).
[xviii] Kadri Liik, “Russia Policy after the US Election,” European Council on Foreign Relations (website), October 30, 2020, https://ecfr.eu/article/russia-policy-after-the-us-election/
[xix] Dmitri Trenin, “Moscow’s New Rules,” Carnegie Moscow Center (website), November 12, 2020, https://carnegie.ru/commentary/83208
[xx] Zachary Paikin, “The World HandCOV’d: China and COVID-19: Amid Global Pressures and Regional Ambitions,” Minsk Dialogue Council on International Relations (website), June 8, 2020, https://minskdialogue.by/en/research/opinions/the-world-handcov-d-china-and-covid-19-amid-global-pressures-and-regional-ambitions
[xxi] Pierre Jolicoeur, The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: Catalyst for a New Regional Order, Policy Report 4 (Kingston, Canada: Network for Strategic Analysis, November 25, 2020), https://ras-nsa.ca/publication/the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict-catalyst-for-a-new-regional-order/
[xxii] Mark Leonard, “Geopolitical Europe in times of Covid-19,” Europe’s Futures (website), September 21, 2020, https://www.europesfutures.eu/vault/geopolitical-europe-in-times-of-covid-19
[xxiii] Jeffrey Mankoff, “A Kinder, Gentler Bear? Why Rumors of Russia’s Post-Soviet Retreat Are Premature,” Center for Strategic & International Studies (website), December 17, 2020, https://www.csis.org/analysis/kinder-gentler-bear-why-rumors-russias-post-soviet-retreat-are-premature. Also see Kadri Liik, “How Russia is Winning at Its Own Game,” European Council on Foreign Relations (website), October 29, 2020, https://ecfr.eu/article/upheaval-in-belarus-and-nagorno-karabakh-how-russia-is-winning-at-its-own-game/
About the Author
Dr. Zachary Paikin (@zpaikin) is a non-resident research fellow at the Institute for Peace and Diplomacy in Toronto and a member of the Cooperative Security Initiative, a project co-sponsored by GLOBSEC and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation’s Vienna office in cooperation with the OSCE. He holds a PhD in international relations from the University of Kent. The views expressed here are the author’s alone.Read More
The Kennan Institute is the premier U.S. center for advanced research on Russia and Eurasia and the oldest and largest regional program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. The Kennan Institute is committed to improving American understanding of Russia, Ukraine, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the surrounding region though research and exchange. Read more | <urn:uuid:8e92c5fc-7397-49e0-a1e3-eefb97a5cf76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-63-primacy-preeminence-managing-us-russia-rivalry-during-biden | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.924331 | 5,846 | 1.671875 | 2 |
GPS trackers take the guess work out of improving maintenance for vehicles.
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (PRWEB) May 13, 2015
Vehicles are one of the most important aspects to a fleet business and keeping them in top-notch shape is also necessary. If managers are able to keep fleet vehicles in decent condition then they will help their business to save money in the long run. There are many ways that GPS trackers provide opportunities to help with managing vehicle maintenance. US Fleet Tracking explains 4 ways to improve vehicle maintenance with the use of GPS trackers.
1.) Reduce Driving: Driving less means longer periods of time before maintenance needs arise. In turn, this means less money being shelled out on repairs and money being saved on the downtime associated with those repairs. GPS trackers allow for automated directions to be sent to drivers from the dispatch team. Dispatchers can also reroute drivers to a shorter path should that be needed. The planned routing will reduce extra miles being driven, drivers won't get lost and there will be quicker arrivals to jobsites.
2.) Reduce Idling: A lot of people think leaving a vehicle running while dashing into the office or a customer's location for just a "little while" won't do any harm. That couldn't be more inaccurate, because the longer an engine runs the more fuel it burns. Eventually the engine breaks down and emissions leak out more frequently, which translates into a hefty maintenance bill to fix the problem.GPS trackers can keep track of idle time by recording the data linked to doing so. Managers can show, with evidence, to their drivers their idle times and rectify the issue. This is sure to save on the maintenance bill.
3.) Use scheduled reminders: Oil changes, brake checks, tire rotations, and other tune-ups are all important maintenance needs for any vehicle to stay healthy. With GPS trackers, managers can set up reminders for all of the standard upkeep routines. The alerts are just an e-mail or text message away. This prevents unwanted breakdowns by skipping on vehicle maintenance.
4.) Improve reporting practices: GPS trackers store historical data in regards to anything and everything happening with business vehicles. This information provides the business managers with regular reports on each vehicle. This is significant to optimizing vehicle maintenance, because with the data provided managers have an automatic overview of the condition of each vehicle. This can save business dollars by keeping a firm grip on the work done for each vehicle.
GPS trackers take the guess work out of improving maintenance for vehicles. GPS trackers help to reduce driving, reduce idling, use scheduled maintenance reminders and improve reporting practices. With these benefits combined, maintenance planning becomes easier than ever. In addition, keeping the business' fleet of vehicles in excellent condition saves money, improves productivity, and keeps drivers and customers happy.
To view our GPS Tracker selection please click here. | <urn:uuid:62aee2d3-f582-40e4-9fbf-6f27dc640b2f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.prweb.com/releases/2015/05/prweb12703633.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00450-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942516 | 593 | 1.789063 | 2 |
UPS power-backup systems installed to protect transportation control centers and other critical facilities are set to respond to even modest over-voltage conditions. In most industrialized regions, this is not a problem, as over-voltage conditions are rare. However, in very dense urban regions, such as New York City, over-voltage is an all-too-common condition in the summer months.
Urban utilities “stiffen the grid” in the summer to accommodate wide swings in hourly power usage. However, when the power demand drops rapidly, like when air conditioning units are simultaneously switched off at the end of the workday, utilities often cannot respond rapidly enough to prevent voltage from drifting upward.
UPS power-backup systems read these periods of over-voltage not as minor and transitory events, but as potential system failures. They are designed to compensate by immediately cutting power from the source and switching to battery backup until generators can kick in. The system works. However, it can be quite costly, as this “overreaction” to high voltage has a negative impact on the life of expensive UPS batteries.
This was the situation at a very busy control center for a major regional U.S. passenger rail system. During the summer months, the UPS was triggering frequently as utility power drifted out of the system’s set safe range.
Attracted by a recently published white paper about employing electronic voltage regulators (EVRs) as standard components of UPS power-backup systems, rail system executives approached UST seeking a solution. We demonstrated how our standard SureVolt™, a fully automatic and virtually maintenance-free EVR, could easily be installed as a retrofit without any interruption in service or protection.
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Chlormequat Chloride (95%TC, 80%SP, 40%SL, 720SL, 750SL)
Packaging Detail: For liquid: 200LTR/drum, 20L/drum, 1L/bottle, 500ml/bottle, 250ml/bottle, 100ml/bottle.
For solid: 25 kg/drum, 25kg/bag, 1kg/bag or on the requirement of client.
Delivery Detail: 20-30days
Common name: Chlormequat
Chemical Name: IUPAC: (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium
CAS: 2-chloro-N, N, N-trimethylethanaminium
Molecular Weight: 122.6
CAS No.: 7003-89-6
Specification: 95%TC, 80%SP, 40%SL, 720SL, 750SL, Chlormequat 305+Ethephon 155 SL
Physical & Chemical Properties
Appearance: Coloudess, extremely hygroscopic crystals, with a weak intrinsic odour.
Melting Point: 235° C.
Vapour Pressure: < 0.01MPa (20° C).
Solubility: In water >1 kg/kg (20° C). In ethanol 320, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n hexane <0.1, acetone 0.2, chloroform 0.3 (all in g/kg, 20° C).
Stability: Extremely hygroscopic; Aqueous solutions are stable. Decomposes at 245° C. KowlogP: -1.59 (pH 7)
It is used in cotton, wheat, rice, corn, tobacco, fruit trees and various kinds of earthnut crop to promote the plants growth or tube augment.
To increase resistance to lodging (by shortening and strengthening the stem) and to increase yields in wheat, rye, oats, and triticale; For wheat in Europe, applied at 0.8-1.6 kg/ha. Also used to promote lateral branching and flowering in azaleas, fuchsias, begonias, poinsettias, geraniums, pelargoniums, and other ornamental plants; To promote flower formation and improve fruit setting in pears, almonds, vines, olives, and tomatoes; To prevent premature fruit drop in pears, apricots, and plums; etc. Also used on cotton, vegetables, tobacco, sugar cane, mangoes, and other crops. | <urn:uuid:922cc30f-a6f4-48ed-9000-995b294962b3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://chemsales.en.made-in-china.com/product/MbWmYEtKqTUq/China-Chlormequat-Chloride-95-TC-80-SP-40-SL-720SL-750SL-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00056-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.684227 | 553 | 1.890625 | 2 |
- Open Access
The common NOD2/CARD15 variant P268S in patients with non-infectious uveitis: a cohort study
Pediatric Rheumatology volume 13, Article number: 38 (2015)
The etiology of Autoimmune chronic uveitis (ACU) is still unknown; NOD2/CARD15 gene mutations are responsible for the Blau Syndrome and can induce uveitis in animal models.
Presentation of the hypothesis
Aim of our study was to assess if NOD2/CARD15 variants have a role in the etiology or in the clinical course of patients with ACU, either idiopathic or associated with other inflammatory diseases.
Testing the hypothesis
We consecutively enrolled 25 patients (19 pediatric and 6 adults) affected with ACU. For each patient medical history was reviewed and clinical data were recorded. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of NOD2/CARD15 variations were calculated in patients and matched with those of 25 healthy controls. The statistical analysis was performed.
Fifteen patients showed the polymorphism P268S/SNP5 (SNP rs2066842) as heterozygous carriers while two patients were homozygous for the same polymorphism; one patient carried also the variant c647 18–16 TCT on intron 3, not previously reported in the literature. Statistical analysis for NOD2/CARD15 genotyping showed significant differences between patients and controls for allelic frequencies (p = 0.04, OR: 4.03, 95 %; CI = 1.2–13.5) but not for genotypic frequencies. We could not identify a significant phenotype-genotype correlation.
Implications of the hypothesis
In our cohort of Italian patients, the NOD2/CARD15 common variant P268S/SNP5 could potentially be significantly associated with ACU.
The term “non-infectious uveitis” encompasses a group of heterogeneous conditions characterized by an inflammatory process affecting both the uveal tract and the adjacent structures; the intra-ocular inflammation can complicate the clinical course of various autoimmune disorders, mainly Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, or can arise de novo and be limited to the eye (idiopathic uveitis) . The current classification of Autoimmune Chronic Uveitis (ACU) is based on the anatomical localization of the inflammation and classify uveitis as anterior, intermediate, posterior and panuveitis .
Although ACU is considered a rare disorder, clinicians should not overlook it; indeed this condition is potentially sight-threatening and represents one of the most common causes of legal blindness in the developed countries. Patients affected by uveitis often experience relapses and complications and require long term immunosuppressive therapy and a multidisciplinary approach .
The pathogenesis of intra-ocular inflammation is still unknown, but genetic factors may have a key role in the susceptibility to some uveitis entities; therefore several studies have investigated the genetic causes of uveitis and numerous genes, involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses, have been studied [4, 5].
The Caspase recruitment domain gene CARD15 appears to play an important role in regulating inflammatory responses against bacteria ; it encodes the NOD2 receptor which is a member of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) family, is expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of monocytes and APCs (antigen presenting cells) and can detect intracellular pathogens.
Both members of the NOD family (NOD1 and NOD2) are composed of three domains: a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain involved in ligand recognition, a central nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD) with ATPase-mediated self-oligomerization capacity, and an N-terminal CARD domain.
The role of the NOD2/CARD15 gene in ACU is particularly intriguing: certain mutations (mainly R334W, R334Q and L469F) alter the NOD domain of the receptor, increase the activity of the NF-kB pathways and cause a rare autosomal dominant inflammatory disease, named “Blau Syndrome”, which is characterized by early-onset granulomatous arthritis, dermatitis and recurrent uveitis .
On the other hand, other mutations of this gene, affecting the leucine-rich repeat domain of the protein, have been associated with an increase susceptibility to Crohn's Disease, a granulomatous inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract and complicated by uveitis in the 5–10 % of all patients .
Presentation of the hypothesis
The role of NOD2/CARD15 gene as a key regulator of innate immunity in the eye has been elucidated by studies performed on murine models,which are knockout for NOD2/CARD15, which showed an increased susceptibility to uveitis [9, 10]. However the first reports conducted on patients affected by idiopathic uveitis has failed to demonstrate a role for this gene in this disease; two studies conducted on a large cohort of spanish patients with idiopathic uveitis suggested that NOD2/CARD15 variants do not seem to predispose to thee disease [11, 12]. In order to investigate the possible role of this gene in ACU, we have studied NOD2/CARD15 variants and the genotype-phenotype correlation in a cohort of patients with idiopathic uveitis and uveitis associated with other inflammatory diseases.
Testing the hypothesis
Twenty-five unrelated Italian patients with an established diagnosis of ACU have been included in the present study: the population was composed of 19 pediatric and 6 adults. Patients were consecutively enrolled in 2012–2013 at paediatric hospital “Anna Meyer” (Florence, Italy) and at Hospital “Santa Maria alle Scotte” (Siena, Italy). Inclusion criteria were the presence of ACU and willingness to participate in the study. Written consent was obtained by all adult patients or guardians. Data regarding age of onset, type and localization of uveitis, associated diseases, and complications were collected and recorded with a customized database. The analysis of the exon 4 of the NOD2/CARD15 gene was also performed on the DNA of 25 tuscanian controls.
Controls have been chosen between patients referred to our centers in the 2010–2014 period with an history of mechanical or functional joint pain and submitted to DNA collection; these patients were age and sex-matched and were use as historical control population. We selected patients and controls of tuscanian ancestry, according to family history reported, in order to guarante a common genetic background.
DNA extraction and genotyping
Blood samples were collected in EDTA-containing tubes during routine venipuncture. DNA was extracted using the High Pure PCR Template Preparation kit (Roche Applied Science, France), according to manufacturer’s instructions. Genomic DNA was eluted in sterile water, and stored at −20 °C; the concentration of the eluted genomic DNA was determined by spectrophotometry with the Nanodrop® ND-1000 (NanoDrop Technologies INC, Wilmington, DE, USA). PCR reaction was conducted using primers designed with the Primer3 software. Samples were amplified in a Eppendorf Mastercycler thermal cycler and then the PCR products were purified using the WizardSVGel and PCR Clean-up System (Promega). The purification was applied to both PCR product and extracts from agarose gel. The sequencing reaction was performed with ABI 3730 DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems Life Sciences Corporation, Carlsbad, CA, U.S.A.) and the electropherogram analysis was performed through the software Sequencher v.4.2.2 (GeneCodes, USA).
Allelic and genotypic frequencies (CC, CT, TT) in cases and controls were calculated; then differences between groups in terms of SNP variants frequencies were determined with chi-square test and Fisher exact test with Monte Carlo simulations, when appropriate. Since the number of subjects carrying a TT genotype was very low, the analysis was performed also comparing frequency data in two groups: those carrying at least one CARD 15 *T allele and those carrying the CC genotype. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to determine correlation coefficients for different variables [gender, age at diagnosis, uveitis duration, types of uveitis (granulomatous, and not-granulomatous, anterior, posterior, pars-planitis, mono/bilateral), ANA positivity, HLA-B27 presence, auto-immune associated diseases, eye complications]. The odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated. Non-parametric tests were used, where necessary, due to the small size of our groups and to the skewness of our data. Levels of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed on SPSS package for Windows, version 13.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Prevalence of NOD2/CARD15 variants
The P268S/SNP5 (SNP rs2066842) involves a C to T change resulting in a P to S amino acid change; these common variation of the NOD2/CARD15 gene have been identified in 17 of our cases: 15 patients showed the polymorphism P268S/SNP5 (SNP rs2066842) as heterozygous carriers while 2 patients were homozygous for the same polymorphism. The polymorphism distribution in AUC resulted as follows: 6/25 CC (24 %), 17/25 CT (68 %), 2/25 TT (8 %) [Table 1]. One patient carried two different mutations: the polymorphism P268S/SNP5 in heterozygous and a variant on intron 3 (c647 18–16 TCT). We regarded the variation c647 as a non-functional one and so we include this patient in the same group as the heterozygous carriers of the P268S/SNP5 polymorphism. The incidence of P268S/SNP5 in our population was compared with the incidence reported for 25 healthy historical controls, age and sex-matched. According to genotype analysis, 14/25 controls (56 %) did not present this polymorphism, 10/25 (40 %) were heterozygous carrier and 1/25 (4 %) were homozygous. No evidence of departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls was seen (p = 0.65).
Statistical analysis for CARD 15 genotyping showed significant differences between patients and controls for allelic frequencies but not for genotypic frequencies. T allele was present in 19/25 (76 %) AUC subjects compared to 11/25 (44 %) controls, and C allele in 23/25 (33.3 %) (p = 0.04, OR: 4.03, 95 % CI = 1.2–13.5) [Table 2].
The functional role of the P268S/SNP5 (SNP rs2066842) variant was predicted using SIFT (version 5.0.2) and PolyPhen (PolyPhen-2 version 2.2.2, release 405).
Table 3 show the main characteristics of our cohort of enrolled patients. We also tried to assess if the T allele presence could impact the clinical course of the disease in patients. We failed to show any association between one genotype and the considered clinical variables. In particular, outcome of ACU was not modified by NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms, since the incidence of macular edema, synechiae, glaucoma, visual loss and cataract was not increased in the group of patients heterozygous or homozygous for P268S/SNP5 [Table 4].
Implications of the hypothesis
ACU appears as an heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from a disregulation of both innate and adaptative immune responses; the genetic bases of these conditions appear to be extremely complex. The interesting hypothesis that NOD2/CARD15 mutations can trigger ocular inflammation has been suggested by several studies, mostly carried out in animal models [9, 10]: in mice NOD2 exerts a regulatory role on the inflammatory process and may participate in the development of uveitis in response to bacterial peptidoglycans. It has been shown that in humans this association is more complex and not fully understood; researchers' interest on this gene has been evoked by the discovery that loss-of-function mutations and gain-of-function mutations can be both identified in two different diseases, Crohn's disease and Blau syndrome, showing non-caseating epithelioid granulomas as prominent histopathological features.
In Blau syndrome mutations (mainly R334W, R334Q and L469F) alter the NOD domain of the receptor and exert a direct pathogenetic role, and uveitis is part of the diagnostic triad; it is a distinctive granulomatous, both anterior and posterior, and its prognosis in term of visual loss is grim because it can evolve into a severe destructive panuveitis and be responsible for permanent blindness. In Crohn's disease mutations affecting the leucine-rich repeat domain of the receptor confer to carriers an increased susceptibility to the disease and chronic anterior uveitis is an extra-intestinal feature of this condition.
The variant P268S/SNP5 (SNP rs2066842) involves a C to T change resulting in a P to S amino acid change; according to SIFT (version 5.0.2) and PolyPhen (PolyPhen-2 version 2.2.2, release 405) software software; predictions this variant appeared to be tolerated without deleterious impact on protein function.
In our ACU population the variant P268S/SNP5 (SNP rs2066842) was found in 17 over 25 patients; the prevalence of our variant was compared with the incidence reported for 25 healthy historical controls, age and sex-matched.
In contrast to previous reports [11, 12], our study, showed a statistical association between the variant P268S/SNP5 (SNP rs2066842) and ACU, both idiopathic and associated with other rheumatic disease. In our cohort the incidence of variations was not significantly different between our patients with idiopathic chronic uveitis and those with chronic uveitis associated to auto-immune diseases.
However, our analysis failed to find any significant association between CARD 15 mutation and type, clinical course and outcome of our cohort of ACU.
Other studies trying to link NOD2 mutations and non-infectious chronic uveitis failed to show any association, with the remarkable exception of the Blau related ones. In particular, Rodriguez-Perez and colleagues [10, 11], in their cohort of more than 100 patients with idiopathic chronic uveitis, reported allele frequencies as high as 50 % for the variant P268S, 7 % for the mutation R702W and 2 % for the mutation G908R while none of the mutations responsible for Blau syndrome (R334W, R334Q and L469F) was found in any of the individuals tested. When the frequency of the different mutations in the group of patients was compared to that of 104 healthy subjects, no statistical differences were found and the authors concluded that none of the CARD15 mutations linked to Crohn's Disease was involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic uveitis.
Our study enrolled only a limited cohort of patients with ACU and we decided to adopt a case-control study design; thus the statistic power of our study is to be considered limited. However we can't rule out a permissive effect of the NOD2 common variant in the development of uveitis.
This study was desgned as a pilot study; a study involving more patients affected with ACU is currently ongoing in order to clarify if a different genetic background between cases as well a sample bias can explain this difference in P268S/SNP5 (SNP rs2066842) frequency between the cases and controls.
However our healty controls showed an incidence comparable with the data reported in the literature and in the genomic databases for the Tuscanian population (ref.http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Variation/Population?db=core;r=16:50744124–50745124;v=rs2066842;vdb=variation;vf=1636572#).
The variants c647 has not previously reported in the literature and its role on gene's function is unknown. Further functional analyses are needed in order to disclose its clinical significance.
To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating a relationship between a NOD2 variants and eye inflammation; nevertheless our analysis could not identify any phenotype-genotype correlation. Moreover we could not assess the influence of the genotype on the response to pharmacological treatment because of the wide range of therapies used in these patients. Further studies should include a larger number of patients in order to identify the genetic risks factors of non-infectious uveitis.
Mehta PJ, Alexander JL, Sen HN. Pediatric uveitis: new and future treatments. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2013;24:453–62.
Deschenes J, Murray PI, Rao NA, Nussenblatt RB, International Uveitis Study Group. International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG): clinical classification of uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2008;16:1–2.
Cantarini L, Simonini G, Frediani B, Pagnini I, Galeazzi M, Cimaz R. Treatment strategies for childhood noninfectious chronic uveitis: an update. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2012;21:1–6.
Yang MM, Lai TY, Luk FO, Pang CP. The roles of genetic factors in uveitis and their clinical significance. Retina. 2014;34:1–11.
Du L, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Immune response genes in uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2009;17:249–56.
Proell M, Riedl SJ, Fritz JH, Rojas AM, Schwarzenbacher R. The Nod-like receptor (NLR) family: a tale of similarities and differences. PLoS One. 2008;3:e2119.
Simonini G, Xu Z, Caputo R, De Libero C, Pagnini I, Pascual V, et al. Clinical and transcriptional response to the long-acting interleukin-1 blocker canakinumab in Blau syndrome-related uveitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:513–8.
Rigoli L, Romano C, Caruso RA, Lo Presti MA, Di Bella C, Procopio V, et al. Clinical significance of NOD2/CARD15 and Toll-like receptor 4 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14:4454–61.
Rosenzweig HL, Kawaguchi T, Martin TM, Planck SR, Davey MP, Rosenbaum JT. Nucleotide oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2)-induced uveitis: dependence on IFN-gamma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:1739–45.
Rosenzweig HL, Galster K, Vance EE, Ensign-Lewis J, Nunez G, Davey MP, et al. NOD2 deficiency results in increased susceptibility to peptidoglycan-induced uveitis in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:4106–12.
Rodríguez-Pérez N, Aguinaga-Barrilero A, Gorroño-Echebarría MB, Pérez-Blas M, Martín-Villa JM. Blau syndrome-related CARD15/NOD2 mutations are not linked to idiopathic uveitis in Spanish patients. Dis Markers. 2009;27:1–5.
Rodríguez-Pérez N, Aguinaga-Barrilero A, Gorroño-Echebarría MB, Pérez-Blas M, Martín-Villa JM. Analysis of Crohn's disease-related CARD15 polymorphisms in Spanish patients with idiopathic uveitis. Dis Markers. 2008;24:111–7.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
EM was responsible for data acquistion and analysis and drafted the manuscript. RC participated in study conception and design, interpretation of data and critical revision of the manuscript. OML carried out the molecular genetic studies and participated in data analys. RC participated in study conception and design, data acquistion and contributed to critical revision. AV participated in data analysis and drafting the manuscript. LC participated in study conception and design, interpretation of data and critical revision of the manuscript. GS was responsible for study conception and design and drafted the manuscript.
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Cite this article
Marrani, E., Cimaz, R., Lucherini, O.M. et al. The common NOD2/CARD15 variant P268S in patients with non-infectious uveitis: a cohort study. Pediatr Rheumatol 13, 38 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-015-0037-5
- Paediatric uveitis NOD2/CARD15
- Inflammatory eye disease
- Intra-ocular inflammation
- Chronic autoimmune uveitis
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Starting with the word PLOP, change one letter at a time.
Each answer will differ from the previous answer by a single letter. There will be no need to change the order of letters, just replace one.
-1.Take a seat, and get ready to play as you listen to the raindrops on the windowpane going plip, plop. Can you change one letter of the word PLOP to make a word that describes unappetizing food, such as might be taken out to feed to the pigs rather than the family?
-2.Change one letter, leaving the others as they are, and you will find a word that describes an openhanded blow.
-3.Can you change one letter to make a new word describing what might happen if you try to walk across an area covered in ice?
-4.Replace a single letter of your last answer to make a word meaning to cut or trim, among other meanings.
-5.Once again, it's time to change a letter and make a new word that describes what is done to the coins in a game of two-up, or to a pancake in the middle of the cooking process.
-6.I hope that last word didn't throw you. Now it's time to dart on, change one letter and make a word that describes a quick, sudden movement.
-7.If you change one letter in the previous answer, you can make a word that describes something even, level and unchanging. What word is it?
-8.Please don't tear strips off me if you have trouble with this one. What word meaning to remove the skin, especially by whipping, can be formed if you change a single letter of your last answer?
-9.It's too bad this game is drawing to a close. While you're at it, can you change one letter of the last answer to create a word describing participation in a game?
10.Now it's time to do a bit of finagling, and maneuver your way to success. What word to describe what you are attempting can be formed by changing one letter of the last answer? (Your answer must also differ from PLOP by a single letter.) | <urn:uuid:00ce61f8-a841-486a-ba0c-868b611cef14> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gameboomers.com/forum/ubbthreads.php/topics/872185/all/PLOP_easy_one_today | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00406-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951484 | 461 | 3.484375 | 3 |
ALACHUA – Monday night, the city commission unanimously passed at the second and final public hearing, an ordinance that provides the terms and the process for individuals or businesses to produce and sell energy back to the City. The ordinance, which includes written policy, application fees and insurance requirements, provides for interconnection and net metering of customer-owner regeneration systems to the City’s electric system.
Kevin Stratten, representing NanoSonic Products, thanked the commission for approving the measure. NanoSonic Products, located across the street from the Progress Corporate Park in Alachua, recently had a 34 kilowatt solar panel system installed on the roof. The company expects to generate enough electricity to cover its own energy usage with some excess to spare, which will be returned to the grid and purchased back by the City of Alachua.
Referring to the company’s owner, Mayor Gib Coerper said, “I know Dr. Tate is happy with this.”
Others in the audience were not so happy.
“Sometimes the devil's in the details,” said Michael Canney. He was concerned about the cap on how much solar power could be produced while being connected to the grid.
There shouldn't be “artificial barriers” on how much power can come from solar, he said. He hopes this ordinance does not restrict people from going to solar power.
City of Alachua public service director Mike New addressed the expenses of buying solar panels and the long-term payoff. He recommended putting the cost into the mortgage. By law, customers can't oversize panels for their homes, most likely resulting in having zero electricity charges beside the minimum utility customer charge, rather than making money.
Canney also brought up the issue of businesses taking up over half the quota of solar power contributions to the grid.
Vice-mayor Ben Boukari said, “I look at that cap as a checkpoint to look at where we are.” He added that at some point, a time will come when the City may have to charge people for the interconnection.
New said a cap of 2.5 percent of customers that can connect to the City's electric system with their own power “won't be an unfair burden on anyone,” where non-solar panel users are paying for the entire system. He said it would be a disincentive if solar panel users are charged.
Audience member Robert Perez suggested that the city could get off the necessity of depending on big power companies with the possibility of a solar powered, cooperative electric company.
Commissioner Robert Wilford said the ordinance could be used as a starting point, because of changes and “surprises coming up.”
Commissioner Gary Hardacre said the City is far away from not having to use the present power grid, adding “I think this is a good first step for us.”
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February 9th, 2011
08:45 AM ET
Every weekday, a CNNHealth expert doctor answers a viewer question. On Wednesdays, it's Dr. Otis Brawley, chief medical officer at the American Cancer Society.
Question asked by Nate of Irvine, California:
What should you do if your blood pressure skyrockets from 130 to 159 and switches constantly?
Your question provides a great opportunity to review blood pressure issues. Hypertension is a common medical problem in the U.S. It is estimated that one-third of adults have hypertension. Many who have it are unaware that they have it.
Long-term, prolonged high blood pressure puts added stress on the heart and arteries. A person with years of uncontrolled high blood pressure often has an enlarged heart and thickened walls of the arteries. Prolonged uncontrolled hypertension can lead to stroke, congestive heart failure, kidney failure, blindness and other illnesses. Hypertension is commonly seen with diabetes in what is termed "metabolic syndrome." The combination can increase risk of stroke, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, kidney failure and blindness.
Risk factors for hypertension include being overweight or obese, a sedentary lifestyle, a diet high in salt and excess alcohol intake. Some families also tend to have a history of hypertension, indicating that there is a genetic component as well as an environmental component.
Blood pressure is most commonly measured with a blood pressure cuff placed around the upper arm. It is given as two numbers that are the measure of the weight of a tube of mercury. The units are millimeters mercury or mmHg.
The higher number, or the systolic, is the pressure in the area measured when the heart beats or contracts, and the lower number, or diastolic, is the pressure when the heart relaxes after the heartbeat. Blood pressure changes throughout the day. When a person is exercising or under stress, it can go up. When someone is relaxing, it can go down. Similarly. blood pressure can vary when a person is lying in bed, sitting or standing. Most people occasionally feel a bit light-headed for a moment when they stand up. This is because of the blood pressure dropping when standing. Symptoms are relieved a few seconds later when the pressure rises to more normal levels.
Before 2003, hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg or a diastolic greater than 90mmHg. Studies have shown a group of people who really need goal pressure below this value, so in 2003, The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure issued stricter definitions.
Averaging two or more properly measured readings at each of two or more visits, a normal blood pressure is a systolic less than 120 mmHg and a diastolic less than 80 mmHg. A category called "Pre-hypertension" is defined as a systolic of 120 to 139 mmHg or a diastolic of 80 to 89 mmHg.
Stage 1 or early hypertension is defined as a systolic of 140 to 159 mmHg or a diastolic of 90 to 99 mmHg. State 2 or more severe hypertension is a systolic greater than or equal to 160 or a diastolic of greater than or equal to 100 mmHg.
Malignant hypertension is defined as a diastolic blood pressure of 120 mmHg or having evidence of acute organ damage such as swelling in the back of the eye. These patients are usually treated to get the pressure down quickly. For asymptomatic patients who have no evidence of acute damage to the eyes, brain, heart or kidney, there is no proven benefit from rapid reduction in blood pressure. It may even be harmful.
Long-term effective treatment of hypertension can reduce a person's risk of a number of conditions. The treatment involves behavioral and diet changes as well as medications. This can take some time and patience.
I encourage you to work with your doctor and give the treatment time to show that it is working. Treatment is done in a stepped approach. The physicians will counsel exercise and dietary changes and especially reduction of salt intake. Then, there are initial oral blood pressure medicines. For those who do not have an acceptable response, or who have side effects, there are second- and third-level treatments. The process of finding a treatment can take some months. It is imperative that a regimen be found with which the patient is comfortable. Some form of high blood pressure treatment is likely to continue for the rest of the patient's life.
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Get a behind-the-scenes look at the latest stories from CNN Chief Medical Correspondent, Dr. Sanjay Gupta, Senior Medical Correspondent Elizabeth Cohen and the CNN Medical Unit producers. They'll share news and views on health and medical trends - info that will help you take better care of yourself and the people you love. | <urn:uuid:40f012b4-4803-49d8-8d4e-6a1925b7a12c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/02/09/what-should-you-do-if-your-blood-pressure-skyrockets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94476 | 1,014 | 3.046875 | 3 |
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Global Health Elective Sites
Residents have the opportunity to participate in a 1-month international or immigrant health elective during their 2nd or 3rd year of residency. Residents have completed international or immigrant health electives in the following areas:
- Haiti. Pediatric residents and faculty join the Project Medishare team from George Washington University School of Medicine to provide ambulatory healthcare in rural Haiti.
- Honduras. Residents participate in a clinical inpatient and/or outpatient elective in the Roatan Public Hospital and/or local community clinic (Clinica Esperanza or Roatan Volunteer Pediatric Clinic).
- Lesotho. In affiliation with the Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative (BIPAI) and the Baylor Children’s Foundation – Lesotho, Children's National residents have completed clinical HIV electives at the Baylor Center of Excellence in Maseru, Lesotho and have contributed to educational research projects, “Assessment of nurses’ perceived training needs and knowledge gaps in general pediatrics in Lesotho” and “Cross-Cultural Global Medical Education: A Qualitative Study of Healthcare Students and Providers in Lesotho.”
- Uganda. As part of the flagship Children's National GHI program in Rheumatic Heart Disease, residents have traveled to Gulu, Uganda to assist with clinical research studies, including “The Impact of Echocardiographic Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease on Patient Quality of Life.”
- Laos. Prior residents have completed clinical electives in Mahosot Hospital in Vientiane with Health Frontiers and Lao Friends Hospital for Children.
- Thailand. Residents participate in an elective in Chiang Saen, Thailand which includes both a clinical experience at a local community hospital and volunteer work with an organization dedicated to survivors of child trafficking. In partnership with the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, residents have the opportunity to experience subspecialty electives abroad.
- Philippines. Residents rotate at the The Philippine General Hospital, a 102-year-old national tertiary referral center and teaching hospital of University of Philippines, Manila and participate in a rural elective on the island of Romblon.
- India. Residents contribute to pediatric simulation training for emergency physicians in India alongside our Pediatric Emergency Medicine faculty.
- Uruguay. In collaboration with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), our Children's National resident interned at its regional office in Montevideo, Uruguay completing clinical research at the Latin American Center for Perinatology and Women’s Health.
- Border Health. Children's National residents have been graciously hosted by the Community for Children to participate in a social advocacy and leadership development elective sponsored by the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine.
- Indian Health Service. Pediatric residents have completed clinical electives providing care for Navajo children.
If you are interested in completing an international or immigrant health elective during your PL-2 and/or PL-3 year of residency, please contact Kathy Ferrer, M.D. | <urn:uuid:75131586-5ca8-4c7b-858c-25cad0954e60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://childrensnational.org/healthcare-providers/healthcare-education/residencies-and-fellowships/pediatric-residency-program/curriculum-overview/pathways/global-health-residency-pathway/global-health-elective/global-health-elective-sites | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.921866 | 667 | 1.929688 | 2 |
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