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Native to the West Coast from Canada to Mexico, penstemon (Penstemon spp.) is a vast genus of plants, most of which bloom colorful bell-shaped flowers in the spring. You should care for your penstemon variety according to its specific needs, but most can be pruned in a similar manner. Pruning helps a penstemon stay neat and tidy and maintain a manageable size. It also can encourage a second set of blossoms later in the growing season.
Remove spent blooms in the spring with a pair of garden clippers. Clip each stem back to a leaf node or side stem. This encourages penstemon to put forth another set of blooms later in the season, usually summer or early fall.
Prune penstemon vigorously in winter. Clip stems back to the base of the plant, leaving the foliage that grows near the ground.
Cut back damaged or dead stems or foliage any time during the year to keep the plant tidy. Clip back to a healthy section, preferably just above a leaf node or side stem.
Things You Will Need
- Garden clippers | <urn:uuid:e2b3f8af-f59c-4ee1-8e3e-79f2fe22f8d0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://homeguides.sfgate.com/cut-back-penstemon-24819.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00359-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920612 | 227 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Virology surveillance scheme
The virology surveillance scheme is used to monitor the spread of flu, COVID-19, and other respiratory illnesses in different regions across the UK. It is also used to measure the effectiveness of flu and COVID-19 vaccinations using results from the virology swabs. If your GP practice is taking part, they can provide you with the voucher code to order a test. Further information can be found here.
The TARGET study
What is the study about?
The study is to see whether advertisement posters or other people (known as Testing Champions) are an acceptable way to promote home testing for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C for men and transgender people who have sex with other men. These Testing Champions will be remunerated for their participation in the study. The amount of remuneration Testing Champions receive will vary because as part of the study we would like to find out if this makes a difference to the success of this method for promoting testing. | <urn:uuid:c4672250-8f7f-4c29-9df8-4c607a368381> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://takeatestuk.com/research-projects/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.935019 | 199 | 2.125 | 2 |
Poll: Big majorities of Democrats, young people reject late-term abortion
Americans have shifted toward a pro-life stance in recent weeks during a period when some states are considering legislation that would legalize abortion up until birth, according to a new poll.
The Marist Poll at Marist College conducted in mid-February found that equal numbers of Americans — 47 percent — identified themselves as pro-life and as those who support abortion.
The findings reflect a dramatic shift from a similar poll in early January that found respondents supporting abortion by 55 percent to 38 percent.
“Current proposals that promote late-term abortion have reset the landscape and language on abortion in a pronounced, and very measurable, way,” Barbara Carvalho, poll director, said in media release from the Knight of Columbus, the poll sponsor.
The largest swing in responses came from self-identified Democrats and people younger than 45, poll officials said.
The poll reported that among Democrats, the gap between people who identify as pro-life and those who support abortion was cut in half from 55 percent to 27 percent. The number of Democrats who identify as pro-life stood at 34 percent, up from 20 percent in January. Similarly the number of Democrats who said they support abortion fell to 61 percent from 75 percent.
Young respondents in February were almost evenly divided with 47 percent identifying as pro-life and 48 percent as supporting abortion. The figures represent a dramatic shift from January’s poll in which 28 percent of young people said they were pro-life and 65 percent supported abortion.
Carvalho attributed the wide swing to legislative attempts to allow later-term abortions. “In just one month, there has been a significant increase in the number of Americans who see themselves as pro-life and an equally notable decline in those who describe themselves as pro-choice,” she said in the media release.
The poll also found overwhelming opposition to later-term abortions. By a nearly three-to-one margin — 71 percent to 25 percent — respondents said abortion generally should be illegal during the third trimester of pregnancy.
About 66 percent of adults said abortion should be banned after 20 weeks except to save the life of the mother, while 18 percent said abortion should be allowed any time until birth. Five percent said abortion should be banned altogether.
Further, 80 percent of respondents would like to see abortion limited to the first three months of pregnancy at most. The number represents a 5-percentage point increase since January.
A breakdown of that figure shows includes 65 percent of respondents who support abortion, 64 percent of Democrats, 92 percent of Republicans and 83 percent of political independents.
“Arguments in favor of late-term abortion are simply not convincing the American people,” Carl Anderson, CEO of the Knights of Columbus, said in the media release. “If anything, since these proposals have been unveiled, people are moving noticeably in the pro-life direction. It is now clear these radical policies are being pursued despite opposition of the majority of Americans of both parties.”
The poll surveyed 1,008 adults Feb. 12-17 with a margin of error of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points. | <urn:uuid:9024b304-f487-4969-9b80-afd566236dee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vermontcatholic.org/nation/poll-big-majorities-of-democrats-young-people-reject-late-term-abortion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.964303 | 653 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Allowing pill tests at music festivals would not increase ecstasy use, the study found. Image: Koen van Weel
Allowing pill tests at music festivals would not increase the use of ecstasy, research from Western Australia has suggested.
The Edith Cowan University study interviewed 247 people and found that pill testing at an event or in a fixed, permanent location had no positive impact on respondents’ intention to use MDMA.
The results were the same regardless of whether the person had previously used ecstasy, contradicting the argument that pill tests would send the wrong message and would effectively give people permission to use drugs.
Lead researcher Stephen Bright said there had only been two attempts of pill tests at music festivals in Australia and more work was needed before they could be rolled out in WA.
“Our study showed that the biggest impact on a person’s intention to use a pill-testing service at a festival was how they were seen in their friendship group,” he said.
The study found that pill testing at an event or in a fixed, permanent location did not positively affect respondents’ intention to use MDMA. Image: Paul Barbaro
Dr. Bright said unlike other states, WA doesn’t have peer-based harm reduction groups to positively influence people’s attitudes towards pill testing and other interventions.
“It would be a shame to test pill tests in WA and not make anyone use them,” he said.
Dr. Bright would like the state government to fund similar services to other states.
Pill tests have been tested twice at ACT festivals and this jurisdiction plans to introduce a permanent on-site service so people can have their medication checked during business hours.
“A permanent drug control service could be more effective here until we have peer-based harm reduction services funded by the Washington government,” said Dr. Bright.
Previous research by ECU found that festival pill testing could be the most effective way of reducing the harm to first-time ecstasy users.
Five people died of overdoses at music events on the east coast in the summer of 2019. | <urn:uuid:92a580d6-33ea-423f-8338-c28e8151a29d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lockrecords.com/tablet-assessments-at-music-festivals-wouldnt-improve-ecstasy-use/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.967088 | 431 | 2.25 | 2 |
Big Poppa E Tribute Tonight at Tobacco Road; Five Other Great Bluesmen Whose Music Influenced the World
This August 25, the great bluesman Mutasim Ra'id "Big Poppa E" Faisal passed away suddenly from an apparent heart attack. At 64 years of age, he was a mere teenager when it comes to blues musicians. An eternal student of his craft, the tradition of blues was firmly cemented into Big Poppa's musical DNA, but it was also rife with sounds from around the globe.
To say his passing leaves a significant cultural void in South Florida is putting it simply. He touched the lives of so many with his music. Perhaps under-appreciated, his house was a frequent stop for national and international musicians who palavered with Big Poppa in the purest exchange of artistic idealism.
While some local talent like Felipe Lamoglia, Jowee Omicil, and Papa Joe will pay tribute tonight at Big Poppa's old stomping grounds, Tobacco Road, we'll take this opportunity to showcase other dearly departed bluesmen in hopes to expose the South Florida community to some great tunes and musicians. This is real American music.
5. Lightnin' Hopkins - "Bring Me My Shotgun"
This Texan gave himself to the blues at an early age and apprenticed under the guidance of the great Blind Lemon Jefferson. Known for his undeniable influence in rock and roll, Hopkins was a playful if albeit slightly heady composer who imbued the blues with a mean edge.
4. Bukka White - "Aberdeen Mississippi Blues"
Booker T. Washington White, known as "Bukka" was a straight-forward bluesman who dabbled in a little country and gospel but will forever be remembered for his heartfelt compositions that gave the 1960's folk movement a good kindling.
3. Blind Willie McTell - "We Got to Meet Death One Day"
This morbid tune was the B-side to 1935's "Ain't it Grand to be a Christian" on the Decca label. If you don't see the humor in it, the blues ain't for you. Blind Willie was prolific in the Delta and Piedmont blues scenes as well as ragtime, which you can hear here.
2. Sleepy John Estes - "Milk Cow Blues"
Sleepy John lost an eye to a rock. But Sleepy never slept on it. He became a full-time country bluesman in his late teens and was a lifelong collaborator with the great mandolin player Yank Rachell. A cover of this track opens the Kinks' 1965 album,The Kink Kontroversy
1. Blind Willie Johnson - "Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground"
More of a preacher in his short life, Johnson's insightful use of religion and the blues could've been of far greater influence had his life not been cut by malaria at the age of forty eight. Take this guitar and humming song and tell us you don't feel the spirit raging through you. We dare you.
Get the Music Newsletter
Keep your thumb on the local music scene each week with music news, trends, artist interviews and concert listings. We'll also send you special ticket offers and music deals. | <urn:uuid:4df4b961-c895-4ec6-8bb2-5dd51aa5f7f1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/music/big-poppa-e-tribute-tonight-at-tobacco-road-five-other-great-bluesmen-whose-music-influenced-the-world-6408343 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00159-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958352 | 678 | 1.523438 | 2 |
I have assemblies in my estimating software for all the symbols on a print for residential.
Some switch examples are:
120v 15a duplex recpt. indoor
120v 15a decora recpt. indoor
120v 15a GFCI recpt indoor
120v 15a GFCI recpt outdoor
When I do a takeoff on a house I count the symbol and enter the number into my software.
The symbol includes the box, wire, switch, wirenuts, staples, Labor etc. So if there are 5 symbols on the print of S,S3 I select the S,S3 assembly and enter a count of 5.
The software lists all the materials and labor for the five S,S3 taken off.
I can do a takeoff very quickly just by counting each symbol on the print and entering in the quantity.
I have everything to wire a house made into assemblies. Service, Loadcenter, Bath fans,
Smoke detectors, appliances etc.
The software came with a lot of commercial assemblies already set up in it.
I created the residential assemblies myself to match the symbols on the print. The software is set up so that it will break out the rough in from the trim out when I do the takeoff so I will have a time & material list for each.
[This message has been edited by A-Line (edited 02-21-2005).] | <urn:uuid:60b31b1a-71e8-4174-921f-a18cef935bc6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.electrical-contractor.net/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=155878 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00406-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.861943 | 291 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Vrboska is village on the northern side of the island Hvar. Settlement developed in the 15th century in the narrow bay that ends with a stream wich springs only about few hundred meters from the shore.
In 1512., during the uprising of the people and citizens against the island's nobility and their Venetian masters, known as a Hvar Rebellion, the village was devastated by the Venetian troops.
In 1571. the village was once again burned down, this time by the Turks under the leadership of Uluç Ali Reis.
In 1575., in order to protect the local population from possible future attacks, the designs were made by Venetian engineers, and the church of St. Mary was fortified and a bastion was added. | <urn:uuid:8d04936f-afe7-4e73-a7bb-62ba6897e2b0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.360cities.net/sv/image/vrboska-fortified-church-2-croatia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00565-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989604 | 159 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Their father raised his four boys strictly. One said later, “He didn’t give us any money to spend so that we couldn’t get into trouble. He didn’t spare the rod…and he worked the tar out of us.” The father promised his sons he’d give each a gold watch if they reached twenty-one without smoking or drinking. All four claimed their watches. More than a quarter century later the most famous of the four boys would write,”Since the coach should be an example to the many aspiring young athletes in the community, he should not drink, smoke, or swear in public…He must be above reproach in all financial, moral and social dealings.” The man’s name is Don Faurot. | <urn:uuid:2c60cc4a-4a05-4ffa-af24-fc64eb980286> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.missourinet.com/2005/06/23/coach-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.964999 | 163 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Day 1: Arrival any time to Tuxtla gutierrez airport-Chiapas, transfer to Hotel in San Cristobal de las Casas.
Day 2: Breakfast, tour for the Sumidero Canyon. It is an awe inspiring canyon whose dramatic cliffs of up to one kilometer high and the river's depth of up to 100 meters deep dwarf anything in its presence. We took a boat ride along part of the canyon which was most enjoyable. Wild monkeys and iguana inhabit the area. Return to San Cristobal de las Casas.
Day 3: Breakfast, we´ll take a tour to San Juan Chamula, about 11 km/7 miles north-west of San Cristóbal, is the ceremonial center of the Chamula Indians, the largest Tzotzil-speaking group. A large number of the more than 40,000 Chamulas live in surrounding small settlements. As is often the case in the mountain villages of the Maya tribe, three large crosses, symbolizing the tree of life, can be seen in the village and on the hills. It is worth visiting the small church in which people burn candles in memory of their dead. Catholic rites and old Mayan myths blend intensely here and Zinacantán Villages. Plus visit to the caves of Rancho Nuevo,By evening you´ll have a city tour in this Village. Hotel in San Cristobal de las Casas
Day 4: Breakfast, today we´ll explore the waterfalls of Montebello and chiflon, stay in cabins in the amazing nature zone of Las nubes, ecological reserve.
Day 5: An amazing experience traveling to las guacamayas reserve, in which will have a walk for seeing the nest of guacamayas and all the site, stay in a local cabin in las guacamayas.
Day 6: Breakfast, visit Bonampak and Yaxchilan, Bonampak is an ancient Maya site in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, about 30 km (20 miles) south of the larger site of Yaxchilan and the border with Guatemala. It is small Maya site, which was a dependency of Yaxchilan. All of the structures seem to have been built in the period from about 580 to 800. Bonampak was rediscovered in 1946 by photographer Giles Healy, who was led to it by the Lacandon Maya who still visited the site to pray in the ancient temples.
Bonampak contains several medium-sized temples around a plaza, along with a few well carved stelae, but is famous for the murals in one of the buildings. Yaxchilan, This was a large center, important throughout the Classic era, and the dominant power of the Usumacinta area. It dominated such smaller sites as Bonampak, and was long allied with Piedras Negras and at least for a time with Tikal; it was a rival of Palenque, with which Yaxchilan warred in 654.
Yat-Balam, founder of a long dynasty, took the throne on 2 August, 320 when Yaxchilan was a minor site. The city-state grew to a regional capital and the dynasty lasted into the early 9th century. Yaxchilan had its greatest power during the long reign of King Shield Jaguar II, who died in his 90s in 742. Yaxchilan is known for the large quantity of excellent sculpture at the site. Hotel selected in Palenque.
Day 7: Breakfast, Tour to the archaeological site of Palenque, is a Maya archaeological site near the Usumacinta River in the Mexican state of Chiapas, located about 130 km south of Ciudad del Carmen. It is a medium-sized site, much smaller than such huge sites as Tikal or Copán, but it contains some of the finest architecture, sculpture, and bas-relief carvings the Maya produced. Transfer visit Agua Azul cascades, is a long series of glittering cascades coursing over kilometers of lush valleys in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas Mountains.
The powerful, shimmering falls, white water and deep, clear pools, rush through steaming jungle about 50km from the town of Palenque. With sparkling turquoise water set against a deep green jungle background, the falls are probably one of the most spectacular natural attractions in México and Misol-Ha. Misol-ha is a 35 meters height cascade which flows out in a basin where the bathe is possible. A small way passes behind the cascade and leads to a small cave where an underground river and a cascade flow out. return to Palenque.
Day 8: After breakfast, Transfer for the Park YumKá, located in Villahermos, tour and then visit to La Venta natural museum in Villahermosa, transfer to airport for flight back-end of services.
Also see tour packages in:
North America Mexico History Whiz Archeology/History Rainforest | <urn:uuid:dea428e2-0d48-4932-a08f-9f520047564b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.infohub.com/vacation_packages/26682.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00188-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942489 | 1,048 | 1.75 | 2 |
Element Two: Formation of Diverse Teams
creative solutions. Whether from customers, internal colleagues, or external networks, varied perspectives introduce new ways of looking at a problem—new ways that help produce novel insights and encourage redefinition of an initial, often simplistic, challenge.
What constitutes “diversity” in team formation remains an open question though it is clearly context dependent. System theorists talk about “requisite” variety in biology—that the assortment of potential responses must be equal to the complexity in the problem itself for successful adaptation. In other words, any solution space should contain as much variety as the problem space. Similarly, Peter Senge advocated that design required putting the whole system into the room.8 Since the repertoire of an innovation team influences the boundaries of likely possibilities, team composition is a critical element in ensuring requisite variety. What is clear is that narrow notions of demographic diversity such as age, gender, and race, while possibly important, are likely insufficient. Some have argued for cognitive diversity as a critical ingredient, while cross-functional representation on innovation teams has been proven critical in areas like new product development. Specifying the perfect composition of any team, however, is difficult before the problem is fully understood and reframed. The use of DESIGN THINKING tools, like stakeholder mapping, facilitate this.
Design thinking, however, is not synonymous with participative design. Co-creation plays a critical role at different points in the process, but it is not the ultimate end. Too many stakeholders, especially those unwilling to do time-consuming discovery work, can contribute to a lack of coherence in the innovation conversation and an inordinate focus on negotiating compromise rather than identifying higher-order solutions. One key to the design thinking approach is inviting intermittent team involvement by key stakeholders while still keeping the core design team small and manageable, and focused on data driven by analysis of user needs. | <urn:uuid:f0d4610d-f4e0-42f8-878a-efadc39e0d38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.businessofgovernment.org/node/3072 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.940977 | 386 | 2.65625 | 3 |
2 edition of California State supplement to USDA Forest Service environmental statement found in the catalog.
California State supplement to USDA Forest Service environmental statement
United States. Forest Service. California Region.
by Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, California Region in San Francisco, Calif
Written in English
|Other titles||RARE II :|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||195 p. :|
|Number of Pages||195|
The California State Organic Program is responsible for enforcement of the Organic Foods Production Act of and the California Organic Products Act of The CA State Organic Program is co-administered by the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) for organic producers and the California Department of Public Health (CDPH. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Los Padres National Forest: California; Environmental Impact Statement for the Removal of the Noxious Weed Tamarisk on the Los Padres National Forest. AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of intent to prepare an environmental impact statement.
Pacific Southwest Region: Final environmental impact statement for the comprehensive management plan - Mono Basin National Forest Scenic Area: Inyo National Forest / ([San Francisco, CA]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, ) (page images at HathiTrust). The USDA Forest Service is preparing an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Social and Ecological Resilience Across the Landscape (SERAL) project. The overall purpose of the project is to increase the landscape's resilience to natural disturbances such as fire, drought, insects, and disease by restoring the forest structure and.
A Plan called for the Programmatic Agreement among the USDA Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the Montana State Historic Preservation Officer, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation regarding the management of historic placer and lode mining properties in Montana Topics: Abandoned mined lands reclamation, Historic sites, Coal mines and mining, Gold mines and mining. USDA, Forest Service Plumas National Forest, California and James Sherar, PE Logging Engineer USDA, Forest Service National Forests of North Carolina Produced for US Agency for International Development (USAID) In Cooperation with USDA, Forest Service, International Programs & Conservation Management Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute.
Medieval French literature.
Paul and Jesus
How to take a field trip for 4-H citizenship education.
A 2 Z
Only to serve
London through the keyhole.
Ford Windstar, Freestar & Mercury Monterey automotive repair manual
Evaluation of a multi-Kw, high frequency transformer for space applications
Cocoa butter replacers.
Case of the orphan and creditors of John Ayliffe, [esq.
Dusty trails and iron rails
Book: All Authors / Contributors: United States. USDA-FS-CA FY DES Leg. Other Titles: California State supplement to USDA Forest Service environmental statement. California supplement to draft environmental statement, roadless area review and evaluation # California State supplement to USDA Forest Service environmental statement.
California State supplement to USDA Forest Service environmental statement. Reviews. User-contributed reviews Tags. Add tags for "RARE II: California supplement to # California State supplement to USDA Forest Service environmental statement.\/span> \u00A0\u00A0\u00A0 schema.
- California Please use the map or drop-down lists to view the schedule for a particular National Forest, Grassland, Scenic Area, Recreation Area, or Tall Grass Prairie.
You may navigate directly to any other State, Forest, Grassland, Scenic Area, Recreation Area, or Tallgrass Prairie SOPA page using the following drop-down lists or the text.
Agriculture. Forest. Service. Pacific. Southwest. Region. R5-MB November Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement Southern California National Forests Land Management Plan Amendment. Angeles National Forest Cleveland National Forest Los Padres National Forest San Bernardino National Forest.
United States. Department of. Agriculture. Forest. Service. R5-MB May Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement Beaverslide Timber Sale and Fuel Treatment Project. Mad River Ranger District, Six Rivers National Forest Trinity County, California.
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Staff supports the Forest Service’s compliance with the environmental laws and regulations that guide management of the lands and resources of the National Forest System.
This site is designed to provide you access to helpful information related to the Agency's management of the NEPA process. The Forest Service and other federal, tribal, state, and local government agencies work together to respond to tens of thousands of wildfires annually.
Each year, an average of more t wildfires burn about 7 million acres of federal, tribal, state, and private land and more than 2, structures. The Farm Service Agency is a federal agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Located in all 50 states, our mission is to help American farmers provide reasonably priced food and fiber to the nation and the world.
In California, the State Office is located in the Richard Lyng USDA Building in Davis, California, just west of Sacramento. Form - Forest Service Authorization for In-Service Expenditures (PDF, KB) GPO Non-Compliance/Change Report (PDF, KB) GPO Desktop-Disk Information (PDF, KB).
The Forest Service is taking the risks presented by COVID seriously and is following USDA and CDC public health guidance as we continue to offer services to the public.
Visitors to our National Forests and Grasslands are urged to take the precautions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Subjects: Environmental impact analysis > Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest (Or. and Calif.).
(DOI) Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service (FS) for the Devers-Palo Verde No. 2 Transmission Line Project (DPV2) as analyzed in the Final Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement (EIR/EIS), released Octo.
History: Office of Blister Rust Control, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, transferred to Forest Service pursuant to Secretary of Agriculture's Memorandum No. supplement 4, November 2, Assigned, as Division of White Pine Blister Rust Control, to Branch of State and Private Forestry.
RARE II: Alaska supplement to draft environmental statement, roadless area review and evaluation Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Alaska Region Juneau, Alaska Wikipedia Citation Please see Wikipedia's template documentation for further citation fields that may be required.
SCE has also submitted an application for a Special Use authorization to the USDA Forest Service. The proposed project is subject to review under both the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
Environmental Impact Report / Environmental Impact Statement. Feature Classes: Abstract: Activity Range Vegetation Improvement. ESRI geodatabase (24MB) shape file (58MB).
Date of last refresh: metadata map service The RngVegImprove feature class depicts the area planned and accomplished areas treated as a part of the Range Vegetation Improvement program of work, funded through the budget allocation process and reported through the Forest.
The State and Private Forestry organization of the USDA Forest Service is the federal leader in providing technical and financial assistance to landowners and resource managers to help sustain the Nation's forests and protect communities and the environment from wildland fires.
Sierra Nevada forest plan amendment: final supplemental environmental impact statement. Other Title final supplemental environmental impact statement Contributor Names United States.
Forest Service. Pacific Southwest Region. The cooperative programs are administered and implemented through a partnership between the State of California, the USDA Forest Service and many other private and government entities.
These programs number and type of environmental educators reached. California PLT received $, to increase the USDA Forest Service. PORTLAND -- The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Oregon State Office and the USDA Forest Service Region 6 announced that they have released a Supplement to the Draft Supplement to the Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (FSEIS) To Remove or Modify the Survey and Manage Mitigation Measure Standards and Northwest Forest Plan.
Alongside its local, State and Federal partners, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s U.S. Forest Service remains actively involved in response to wildfires in these fires are not on National Forest System lands, the Forest Service provides additional firefighting personnel, incident management teams, and equipment resources to support the State of California and other.
The federal government controls more than half of the forest in California, and the U.S. thinned, cut, burned and mulched aboutacres there in .Final supplemental environmental impact statement: motorized vehicle use on the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest: Douglas, Klamath, Jackson, Curry, Coos, and Josephine Counties in Oregon, Del Norte and Siskiyou Counties in California. | <urn:uuid:5d2f6ece-1346-4053-a7a0-df435a3639de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jymesifeho.jydrescueteam.com/california-state-supplement-to-usda-forest-service-environmental-statement-book-9290ps.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.857994 | 1,912 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Does Social Security Still Have a Minimum Benefit? – Social Security helps tens of millions of retirees get income after the end of their careers. The idea is to offer a higher number to certain low-income participants than the traditional benefit.
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Refinance Versus Home Equity Loan Should You Refinance Mortgage or Take Out a HELOC. – In other words, if you fail to pay back your loan, per your agreement, you could lose your home. So before examining the refinance vs. home equity debate any further, scrutinize your borrowing.What Do I Need To Get A Mortgage Loan What Credit Score Do You Need For A Mortgage? – What credit score do you need for a mortgage? As a mortgage borrower in the United States, there is no shortage of mortgage loans available to you. Loans backed by the Federal Housing. | <urn:uuid:cbea1076-5317-4e83-9895-aefc7a9f3632> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coshcc.com/how-to-get-a-home-loan-with-low-income/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.947456 | 848 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Seymour Hersh Casts Doubt on Reported Syrian Gas Attack
The U.S. cruise missile attack on a Syrian air base, in retaliation for what the White House said was a deadly nerve agent attack carried out by the Syrian government, proved to be a rare moment of glory in Donald Trump’s embattled presidency. The president basked in praise from usually critical Democrats and news organizations.
Yet behind the scenes, U.S. military and intelligence officials doubted that the Syrians had used chemical weapons, according to investigative reporter Seymour Hersh.
Trump was “warned by the U.S. intelligence community that it had found no evidence that the Syrians had used a chemical weapon,” Hersh writes on the German news site Die Welt.
"Some American military and intelligence officials were especially distressed by the president's determination to ignore the evidence. 'None of this makes any sense,' one officer told colleagues upon learning of the decision to bomb. 'We KNOW that there was no chemical attack ... the Russians are furious. Claiming we have the real intel and know the truth ... I guess it didn't matter whether we elected Clinton or Trump.'"
The source for much of Hersh’s story is anonymous. He is described as “a senior adviser to the American intelligence community, who has served in senior positions in the Defense Department and Central Intelligence Agency.”
The source’s description of divisions within Trump’s national security advisers conflicts with previous news accounts that depicted the president and his military and intelligence advisers as united in the belief that Syrian forces had used sarin gas, which is banned under international law.
"U.S. intelligence agencies quickly identified the source of the attack and the chemical agent used," reported USA Today. "'That confidence level has just continued to grow in the hours and days since the attack,' national security adviser H.R. McMaster said."
If accurate, Hersh’s article renews doubts about the attack first raised by MIT professor Theodore Postol. In a series of blog posts about video from the scene of the attack, Postol argued that the Syrian town of Khan Sheikhoun had suffered conventional, not chemical, attack.
In Hersh’s account, Trump was persuaded by social media images of victims who seemed to show the signs of a chemical attack. Members of his national security team were not convinced the images were proof of a chemical attack, according to Hersh.
Hersh cites transcripts of a U.S.-Russian “deconfliction” communications channel that he says shows the alleged chemical attack was actually a conventional attack on a warehouse used by al-Qaeda militants. Following standard procedures, the Russians notified the U.S. in advance of the planned Syrian attack and the U.S. commanders had no objection, Hersh reports.
The victims seen on social media were actually suffering from the effects of breathing in chemicals dispersed into the air by the bombing of the al-Qaeda warehouse, according to Hersh:
"A Bomb Damage Assessment (BDA) by the U.S. military later determined that the heat and force of the 500-pound Syrian bomb triggered a series of secondary explosions that could have generated a huge toxic cloud that began to spread over the town, formed by the release of the fertilizers, disinfectants and other goods stored in the basement, its effect magnified by the dense morning air, which trapped the fumes close to the ground."
A team from the doctor’s group Médecins Sans Frontières treated victims from Khan Sheikhoun and reported that “eight patients showed symptoms—including constricted pupils, muscle spasms and involuntary defecation—which are consistent with exposure to a neurotoxic agent such as sarin gas or similar compounds.”
Hersh's claim that chemical weapons were not used in the attack conflicts with the findings of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and the French government.
An OPCW report dated May 19 analyzed samples from the site. Signs of sarin or sarin-like substances were detected in many samples, as well as sarin degradation products, and at least two samples that state sarin itself was detected, according to the OPCW.
The OPCW's fact-finding mission is seeking to visit Khan Sheikhoun as part of its investigation.
Hersh portrays Trump as determined to act in the absence of corroborating evidence that Assad had used sarin on his own people. Among the four policy options he was presented, Trump chose to bomb an airfield in Syria, but only after alerting the Russians (and through them, the Syrians) to avoid too many casualties.
On April 6, U.S. commanders fired 59 Tomahawk missiles at a Syrian base, a show of force Hersh depicts as meaningless:
“Most of the important personnel and operational fighter planes had been flown to nearby bases hours before the raid began. The two runways and parking places for aircraft, which had also been targeted, were repaired and back in operation within eight hours or so. All in all, it was little more than an expensive fireworks display.”
But the attack yielded political benefits for Trump. Speaking on CNN, Fareed Zakaria said, “I think Donald Trump became president of the United States.” A review of the top 100 American newspapers showed that 39 of them published editorials supporting the bombing in its aftermath, including the New York Times, Washington Post and Wall Street Journal.
Hersh’s anonymous source expects more such incidents:
“'The Salafists and jihadists got everything they wanted out of their hyped-up Syrian nerve gas ploy,' the senior adviser to the U.S. intelligence community told me, referring to the flareup of tensions between Syria, Russia and America. 'The issue is, what if there’s another false flag sarin attack credited to hated Syria? Trump has upped the ante and painted himself into a corner with his decision to bomb. And do not think these guys are not planning the next faked attack. Trump will have no choice but to bomb again, and harder. He’s incapable of saying he made a mistake.'”
But whether Hersh's anonymous source is right is still open to question. | <urn:uuid:0525a443-4a39-4d0b-b937-ddc3a89a4d6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alternet.org/2017/06/seymour-hersh-casts-doubt-syrian-gas-attack/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.973491 | 1,313 | 1.601563 | 2 |
George Louis Beer Prize Recipients
The George Louis Beer Prize is offered in recognition of outstanding historical writing on any phase of European international history since 1895. Awarded annually since its inception in 1923, this prize was established in accordance with the terms of a bequest by George Louis Beer (1872–1920), a historian of the British colonial system before 1765.
The award is open to any scholar who is a United States citizen or permanent resident of the United States; books published during the year preceeding the year of award are eligible. The phrase "European international history since 1895" refers to any study of international history since the year 1895 with a significant European dimension.
2016 Beer Prize
Vanessa Ogle, Univ. of Pennsylvania
The Global Transformation of Time, 1870–1950 (Harvard Univ. Press)
Vanessa Ogle’s global history of time and time reform succeeds brilliantly in complicating a Eurocentric narrative of globalization. Moving effortlessly from Europe and the United States to British India and the Middle East, the book highlights the significance of local contexts for time standardization across the globe—a process that extended well into the 20th century. Written in a clear and engaging style, the book offers a model for a new international and global history. | <urn:uuid:d8f5a6a3-ddbf-482f-97e3-500dd55722d7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.historians.org/awards-and-grants/past-recipients/george-louis-beer-prize-recipients | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00264-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921335 | 259 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Answers 1Add Yours
Socrates defines the philosopher as the lover of knowledge. Knowledge is then distinguished from ignorance and, lastly, from opinion; it emerges as the faculty enabling the philosopher to see his way to true, undifferentiated being, to absolute beauty and the immutable, to the ideal. Opinion, on the other hand, is the domain of the manifest and manifold, of correlatives and opposites, such as light and heavy, soft and hard, etc. And so the philosopher seeks, by definition, knowledge of true being above all else.
Plato's epistemology is basically divided into three categories: non-being, manifest, and being. The sphere of non-being, or the nothing, belongs to the ignorant man; manifestation to the opinionated man; and being, of course, to the philosopher. The philosopher's mind, according to Plato, inhabits the highest and noblest sphere, the home of the forms, and ceaselessly aspires for truth and light. | <urn:uuid:5a70ed07-a51b-4134-93e0-ef3dbc7217bc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gradesaver.com/the-republic/q-and-a/socrates-breaks-up-thought-and-existence-into-three-categories-that-which-is-and-can-be-known-that-which-is-not-and-can-never-be-known-and-that-which-falls-in-between-the-two-and-is-matter-of-opinion-what-implications-does-this-have-for-many-of-our-so-285460 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00564-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933991 | 209 | 3.40625 | 3 |
As an internationally active research and testing institute in the field of materials in construction, we offer a wide range of standardised or also individually developed innovative testing services for special problems. For personal advice, please contact our staff or, in special cases, the professors directly.
Our services include among others:
- Infrared spectroscopy
- Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
- Thermogravimetry with IR coupling (TGA-FTIR)
- Dynamic Vapour Sorption (DVS)
- Electrochemical processes (EIS, CV)
- Rheological investigations
- Ion detection
For more information and enquiries about measurements on behalf of or in cooperation with us, please contact us directly.
For the identification of known and unknown individual substances as well as for the quantification of known substances in mixtures (Figure 1), infrared spectroscopy based on the principle of attenuated total reflection is available at ibac. This method is very well suited for conformity testing, material monitoring and quality control, for example according to DIN EN 1767 or DIN 51451.
In addition to the analysis of homogeneous liquids and solids, the method is particularly suitable for characterising the surfaces of opaque materials such as polymer films and paint layers, regardless of the underlying layers. By using special ATR crystals, even highly light-absorbing samples such as tyre rubber or bitumen sheets can be analysed in-house.
In addition, IR spectroscopy can be used to monitor various reactions live, e.g. the cross-linking of EP and UP resins (Fig. 2). The compact design also allows mobile use, e.g. on construction sites.
Picture 1. Examination of polyurethanes with correct mixing ratio (blue) and an excess of isocyanate (red). The excess is shown by the resonance of the isocyanate group at 2274 cm.−1.
Contact person: Pia Sassmann
Picture 2. Time tracking of the cross-linking reaction of an unsaturated polyester with styrene. The decrease of the sytrol concentration and the increase of the poly(styrene) concentration can be seen.
With every change in a system (e.g. phase transformation, chemical reactions), heat is either absorbed or released. This can be quantitatively investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. At the ibac, a DSC 206 Phoenix from Netzsch can be used to measure cooling and heating processes from approx. -50 to 600 °C; the cooling and heating rates can be measured from 0.1 to 100 K-min.−1 einstellbar.
Basically, phase transitions, specific heat capacities and decomposition points that are characteristic for the respective substance can be determined with this measurement technique. Furthermore, both exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions can be observed in a time-dependent manner. For polymer materials, the glass transition temperature and the degree of crystallisation are also determined if required. Only a small amount of sample material is required for the measurement (approx. 5 mg). The samples can be measured in air, nitrogen or pure oxygen atmosphere.
Using temperature-modulated DSC, it is possible to separate overlapping processes into reversible and non-reversible components. Glass transitions can therefore be very well separated from other effects, such as curing, decomposition, evaporation, relaxation or cold crystallisation.
The following parameters can be determined at the ibac:
- Melting and crystallisation temperatures and the associated thermodynamic parameters
- Degree of crystallinity of semi-crystalline substances
- Solid-solid transformations (e.g. polymorphism, glass transition temperature)
- Compatibility (e.g. compatibility in polymer blends)
- Cross-linking reactions, post-cross-linking of reactive resin systems
- Oxidation stability (OIT) and onset of decomposition
- Specific heat capacity
- Solid-liquid ratio
- Liquid crystal conversions
In thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the change in mass of a sample is determined as a function of temperature and time. This analysis method provides information about material properties such as temperature behaviour, decomposition temperatures, water content of inorganic as well as organic samples and in particular enables the creation of thermograms for the identification of polymer samples. For this purpose, the sample is placed in a temperature-stable, inert crucible made of platinum or aluminium oxide. The sample is heated up to 1000°C in this crucible. The sample holder is coupled to a microbalance. A thermocouple measures the temperature at the crucible. This combination enables the temperature-dependent measurement of the change in mass.
A change in mass can occur through chemical reactions, evaporation, decomposition or absorption of gases. For materials, the water content is often important and can be influenced by humidity. The measurement of this property is possible with the TGA by adjusting nitrogen and oxygen flows. It can also be used to characterise fillers in polymers such as soot particles or fibres.
Picture 4. TGA-FTIR investigation of an ethyl acetate-ethylene glycol sample in the temperature range of 30-900 °C at 10 K/min under inert gas. Plot of the mass loss (black) and the total intensity of IR spectra obtained (red) as a function of temperature. The IR spectra of the gases passed over the coupling were recorded every 15 s.
Picture 5. Individual IR spectra of the absorption maxima marked in Fig. 1 (green and blue). The two components ethyl acetate (green) and ethylene glycol (blue) can be identified. The proportions of the components in the sample can be determined via the total absorption and the mass loss of the respective areas.
An extended analysis of the thermal behaviour of sample is possible by means of coupled TGA/FTIR measurements. In addition to recording the pure mass loss, the gases produced can also be analysed using FTIR spectroscopy. For this purpose, the gases are transferred into a gas cell via a heated transfer line. It is thus possible to assign certain volatile components or decomposition products to the mass loss and to draw conclusions about the processes in the sample. For example, it can be investigated whether a mass loss is caused by escaping volatile components, by decomposition of the polymer or by decomposition of a filler. Coupled TGA/FTIR measurements are therefore often a useful analytical method for investigating the general thermal resistance of materials, for damage investigations on polymer materials, or for tracking reaction processes.
Picture 6. Thermogravimetric analysis of carbonated concrete: at 100 °C mainly water escapes, at 700 °C CO2.
Knowledge of the moisture management of materials is not only relevant for building materials. In addition to moisture transport, the absorption from and release to the ambient air plays an important role. By means of dynamic vapour sorption (DVS), the increase and decrease in the mass of a solid can be followed after a change in the ambient humidity and/or temperature.
At ibac, an IGAsorp DVS analyser from the company Hiden Isochema is available in the Polymer Materials working group, with which samples up to approx. 15 g can be analysed.
Picture 8. Isothermal absorption (a) and desorption (c) of chitosan acetate at 25 ± 0.01 °C, given as relative weight increase (error±0.2 %) from 5 to 90 ± 0.1 %-RH and zero weight determination at 0%-RH. Exemplary linearisation is shown as a simplified first order reaction approach of absorption (b) and desorption (d) processes.
The investigation of rheological properties is one of the most important methods for characterising liquid or viscoelastic substances. For this purpose, the Institute of Building Materials Research has an Anton Paar Modular Compact Rheometer MCR 102, which can be used to determine important quantities such as the viscosity and storage and loss modulus of a substance by shearing the sample between two geometric elements. It is also possible to determine the dynamic viscosity according to DIN EN ISO 3219.
The measuring method can be applied to low-viscosity liquids as well as to "viscous" oils, dispersions, solutions, gels and emulsions. Depending on the rheological properties of the sample, plate-plate, cone-plate or cylinder-top geometries are used (Fig. 9).
Picture 9. Cylinder-top geometry for low viscosity substances (a), as well as cone-plate geometry with a cone angle α = 1° (b) and plate-plate geometry (c) both for higher viscosity systems.
Picture 10. Time tracking of the cross-linking reaction of one of the gel-forming monomers with the addition of different concentrations of reaction-accelerating hardener. The increasing storage moduli G' with increasing hardener content can be seen.
Furthermore, chemical reactions can be monitored with the rheometer if the progress affects the flow properties of the sample. This is particularly the case with cross-linking reactions, e.g. with reaction resins or the formation of gels. Figure 10 shows the investigation of the cross-linking of gel-forming monomers with the addition of different concentrations of reaction-accelerating hardener.
The investigation of electrochemical phenomena in concrete specimens as well as in ion-conductive polymers, polymer sensors, electrolyte solutions or other systems is a central aspect of research and materials testing at ibac. For this purpose, in the TaR Structural Polymer Composites three potentiostats "1010E" from Gamry Instrument and a further five potentiostats are available in the Steel and Corrosion working group. This enables various electrochemical measuring methods, such as recording electrochemical impedance spectra and cyclic voltammograms, as well as carrying out galvanostatic and potentiostatic experiments.
In electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the AC resistance (impedance) of a given system is determined as a function of the frequency of an applied AC current. This allows statements to be made about the electrochemical processes taking place in a system. In addition, it is possible, for example, to determine the electrolyte resistance (Fig. 11).
Picture 11. Bode plot of an ionically conductive gel at different temperatures. The resistivity (filled symbols) and the phase angle (open symbols) are plotted against the frequency.
Picture 12. Cyclic voltammogram of ethylviologens in acetonitrile.
With the help of cyclic voltammetry, electrode processes of electrochemically active substances can be characterised. Two reversal potentials are selected between which the oxidation and reduction processes of the system take place. In this range, the applied potential is now varied cyclically with a defined voltage feed rate and the resulting current is measured. An example of the characterisation of ethyl viologen, an electrochemically active dye, is shown in Figure 12. The sequence of two reversible reduction and oxidation processes is striking here.
The main focus of the work is the quantitative potentiometric determination of the chloride content in building materials in accordance with DAfStb booklet 401 and, on request, in accordance with DIN EN 14629 and DIN EN 196-2.
In addition, the following verifications can be carried out qualitatively and quantitatively by wet chemical or photometric methods: | <urn:uuid:5969cdfe-74ba-403b-9168-34b5548c9ff5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ibac-cp.rwth-aachen.de/en/leistungen/chemische-analytik/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.884979 | 2,424 | 1.984375 | 2 |
CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF APPEALS OF ALABAMA.
Warren, Black, Douglas, Clark, Harlan, Brennan, Stewart, White, Goldberg
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WARREN delivered the opinion of the Court.
The petitioners, both Negro ministers, were tried and convicted in the Birmingham, Alabama, Recorder's Court for aiding and abetting a violation of the city criminal trespass ordinance. The complaint filed with respect to Shuttlesworth charged:
"Comes the City of Birmingham, Alabama, a municipal corporation, and complains that F. L. Shuttlesworth, within twelve months before the beginning of this prosecution, and within the City of Birmingham or the police jurisdiction thereof, did incite or aid or abet in the violation of an ordinance of the City, to-wit, Section 1436*fn1 of the General City Code of Birmingham of 1944, in that F. L. Shuttlesworth did incite or aid or abet another person to go or remain on the premises of another after being warned not to do so, contrary to and in violation of Section 824*fn2 of the General City Code of Birmingham of 1944." (Footnotes added.)
An identical complaint was filed charging Billups.
On appeal to the Circuit Court petitioners received a trial de novo and were again convicted. Petitioner Shuttlesworth was sentenced to 180 days in jail at hard labor
and a fine of $100. Petitioner Billups was sentenced to 30 days and a fine of $25. On further appeal to the Alabama Court of Appeals the convictions were affirmed. 41 Ala. App. 318, 319, 134 So. 2d 213, 215. The Alabama Supreme Court denied writs of certiorari. 273 Ala. 704, 713, 134 So. 2d 214, 215. Because of the grave constitutional questions involved, we granted certiorari. 370 U.S. 934.
Though petitioners took separate appeals, they were jointly tried in the Circuit Court. The evidence is sketchy in character. Only one witness testified, a city detective who had listened to petitioners' trial in the Recorder's Court.*fn3 The detective testified to his recollection of the testimony of two college boys whom (among others) petitioners were alleged to have incited to commit the criminal trespass.
These two boys were James E. Gober and James Albert Davis. They were convicted of criminal trespass in a separate proceeding subsequent to petitioners' trial. In Gober v. City of Birmingham, post, p. 374, decided this day, we hold on the authority of Peterson v. City of Greenville, ante, p. 244, that the convictions of Gober and Davis are constitutionally invalid. The detective stated that in the Recorder's Court Gober and Davis had testified as follows:
James Gober and James Albert Davis, both Negro college students, went to the home of petitioner, Rev. Shuttlesworth, on March 30, 1960, where there were other college students. Petitioner, Rev. Billups, drove Davis there, and Billups was present when Shuttlesworth asked for volunteers to participate in "sit-down demonstrations." Gober "testified ... | <urn:uuid:0c388b78-35d3-4da8-b148-0d018eadb844> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ny.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19630520_0040949.SCT.htm/qx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00557-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949592 | 669 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Ventura County's Largest Food Bank Reports Demand For Help Doubled In 2020 Due To Pandemic
Food Share distributes 26 million pounds of food, the most in its four decade history
The pandemic has had all kinds of unexpected impacts on us, from shutting down schools, to working from home, to costing people their jobs.
Many non-profit groups in the community have seen unprecedented demand for help. Ventura County's largest food bank, Food Share, literally doubled the amount of food it distributed in the last year.
In many cases, it teamed up with other non-profits to get food to those in need
The Safe Passages Youth Foundation is focused on keeping kids out of gangs in the Conejo Valley. Tim Hagel is with Safe Passages. He says the pandemic quickly added a new priority to the non-profit intended to help kids. They realized that most of the kids wouldn’t be getting meals they would normally be getting through school programs.
Hagel says many of the parents of the kids in the program worked in the service industry, at places like restaurants and hotels. Within a week of the shutdown, 40% of them were unemployed. The anti-gang organization suddenly became a key food clearinghouse. They went from helping to feed just over 120 kids a week to 600.
Food Share heard about the non-profit's situation, and stepped up to help, with fresh produce, chicken, bread, and other necessities.
Monica White is Food Share’s President, and CEO. She gives an example of how much food they distributed in 2020. Dodger Stadium holds about 56,000 people. During the pandemic, Food Share distributed enough food to feed everyone in a full stadium breakfast, lunch, and dinner for the entire baseball season, plus the playoffs and World Series.
White says aside from the people that were already have a tough time making ends meet for the pandemic, they’ve been serving others who’ve never needed help before.
The head of the Oxnard based non-profit says while we might be seeing the light at the end of the tunnel for the pandemic, the demand for help won't end anytime soon. White says they expect to see the spike in need for help for at least another 18 months.
In addition to helping get food to those in need through non-profits, Food Share has held more than 300 emergency drive-though food distributions, and distributed more than 360,000 food boxes. | <urn:uuid:a3fa3a0e-9814-4514-be60-712295b93866> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kclu.org/local-news/2021-04-16/ventura-countys-largest-food-bank-reports-demand-for-help-doubled-in-2020-due-to-pandemic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.971448 | 514 | 2.046875 | 2 |
William C. Roberts, M.D.
Roberts WC. Aortic Stenosis: A Re-evaluation of Its Pathology.. Ann Intern Med. 1964;60:319. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-319_2
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Published: Ann Intern Med. 1964;60(2_Part_1):319.
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Obstruction to left ventricular outflow may occur at sites above and below the aortic valve as well as at the valve itself. Since there is difference in anatomy and in surgical treatment for obstruction at each of these sites, the term "aortic stenosis" is best used only in a general sense and should be preceded by the designations "valvular," "supravalvular," or the prefix "sub" depending on the site of obstruction.
The least common form of "aortic" stenosis is the supravalvular variety. Including the two patients studied at the Clinical Center, there is necropsy data in the literature from only 11
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Cardiology, Valvular Heart Disease.
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Print ISSN: 0003-4819 | Online ISSN: 1539-3704
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This PDF is available to Subscribers Only | <urn:uuid:da97df82-ac11-437d-8719-9014b17e46b8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://annals.org/aim/article/679074/aortic-stenosis-re-evaluation-its-pathology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00339-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.861774 | 318 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Synchrotron research on SARS-CoV-2
In January 2020, the WHO declared the recent outbreak of coronavirus disease a public health emergency of international concern. Synchrotron facilities are joining forces in front of the coronavirus pandemic, offering their capacities to the whole scientific community.
Their dedicated and specialised biochemical techniques support the needs to improve our understanding of the newly identified virus and its possible future evolution. Several facilities are opening calls for rapid access to dedicated beamtime. SOLARIS Centre is among them. Polish facility gives access to its cryo-electron microscope thanks to a CERIC-ERIC initiative.
A list of worldwide facilities which have set up the dedicated Fast Track Access on SARS-CoV-2 can be found at Lightsources.org website At the same international platform the list of current research publications about SARS-CoV-2 virus is available. Both lists are updated on a daily basis. Lightsources.org is the result of the collaboration between communicators from light source facilities around the world.
The European Research Area has also joined the fight against the novel coronavirus. Information on the activities undertaken by the European Union in this regard is available on the website ERA corona platform. | <urn:uuid:86d49a03-80a8-477a-80d4-9fe2c56fc399> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://synchrotron.uj.edu.pl/en_GB/lista/-/journal_content/56_INSTANCE_EeYNQr99FPld/1457771/145081727 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.92404 | 264 | 2.328125 | 2 |
A Little Boy Lost
William Henry Hudson
This book is available for download with iBooks on your Mac or iOS device, and with iTunes on your computer. Books can be read with iBooks on your Mac or iOS device.
A Little Boy Lost is the story Martin, a seven-year old boy who everyday wanders a little farther from his home, until one day he comes to a land of talking animals, gnomes, and people made of mist. | <urn:uuid:e7123a76-3262-4699-a1e9-cc8f86362f57> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://itunes.apple.com/hu/book/a-little-boy-lost/id505903959?mt=11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00293-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91618 | 94 | 1.75 | 2 |
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the business and industrial landscapes forever, both here in South Africa, and globally. One of the industries that has had to adapt or die quickly is the automotive industry in all its facets. This has meant rethinking the way it does business and what stimulus packages are required to get it firing on all cylinders again, as the SA new vehicle market collapsed in 2020 to a level 29.1% below the 2019 sales volume.
Local motor manufacturers and importers certainly rallied to the flag with active and meaningful support for fighting the virus, right from the early days of lockdowns in March, and subsequently they have continued to be supportive of their retail dealer networks.
Most members of the National Automobile Dealers’ Association (NADA) have been able to manage their businesses through this crippling pandemic which has, in some cases, involved making tough decisions such as right-sizing, retrenching staff and even considering options to relocate or consolidate premises.
However, commentators and analysts agree that only a significant, financial stimulus package from government will allow the industry to accelerate its recovery processes. The most effective way to increase sales will be to make new vehicles more affordable by reducing the huge portion of the purchase price that goes to the government fiscus in various forms of taxation.
This is, in fact, only a part of the massive taxation burden that motorists and transport operators must bear, with highly taxed fuel being an ever-increasing cost. Then there are annual licence fees and the controversial toll fees – besides a tyre levy averaging about R150 per tyre – which does not go to recycling as was intended but goes straight to the fiscus. There was even mention last year – later denied – of motorists contributing to the Gautrain project which continues to run at a loss.
Tax on the purchase price of a vehicle costing R450 000 runs to 42% (R189 000). It is made up mainly of an ad valorem duty on a sliding scale up to 30% for expensive vehicles (those costing more than R1-million).
Then there is CO2 tax of 2-3%, which was increased during lockdown and does not necessarily go to financing environmental projects. Then there is VAT of 15% as well as a portion of unrebated import duty. Most OEMs still pay tax on imported vehicles as they do not have sufficient Production Rebate Credit Certificates to rebate the full import duty of 25%.
All these taxes are cumulative as the one is calculated on top of the other. It is not a straightforward adding up of the taxes. This is what results in the average tax on a premium vehicle reaching 42%. These taxes go straight to the fiscus.
NADA says it is pleased that Naamsa has taken a strong stance about taxation and has requested the government to cut them, which would, hopefully, bring the 42% down to 35-38% by removing the carbon tax on exhaust emissions and reducing the ad valorem duty, which is a value-based tax on items considered a luxury in South Africa. Most vehicles should certainly not be termed luxury items in a country with an unreliable and largely inconvenient public transport system.
The presentation made by Naamsa to the government showed that making vehicles more affordable could boost new sales by about 28 000 units. The presentation also showed that the reduction in ad valorem tax would have a neutral impact as the tax on increased sales would offset the lower rate of tax per vehicle. The tax shortfall on new vehicles amounts to about R1.2-billion a month based on 12 000 fewer cars being sold each month currently.
Heavily taxed fuel is another burden vehicle users must bear. It is the biggest single cost factor for most transport operators and improving the quality of fuel to suit the latest, low emission engines, seems to have been put on the backburner in South Africa.
Taxes and levies on fuel presently make up almost 70% of the fuel price. The Basic Fuel Price (BFP), which is made up of the international oil price combined with the rand-US dollar exchange rate, made up the largest component of the fuel price between 2009 and 2014. However, according to lobby group Outa the government’s increasing taxes and levies applied over the past decades – as well as a big drop in the oil price in April – the BFP component now accounts for only about 30% of the retail fuel price.
The various taxes and levies that make up the “non-petroleum related costs” comprise the fuel levy, Road Accident Fund, wholesale and retail profit markings and a few smaller transport and storage costs. Outa said that in 2009 the combined value of these charges amounted to R3,61 or 49% of the total retail fuel price, while it now stands at R9,48 and makes up 68% of the fuel price despite the reduction in the international oil price.
Organisations such as NADA and Outa repeatedly call on government to stop continually using fuel levy increases as a means of boosting the fiscus, as it is another force impacting on the country’s economic recovery, but it has not had a positive response from the authorities. Unfortunately, the way the country is sinking into a further financial mire it seems highly unlikely that it will be able to provide a helping hand to the struggling motor industry. It certainly is a sad situation.
By Roger Houghton | <urn:uuid:abd51ebe-7fff-4a4a-b355-a5609048940c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.autoref.co.za/news-zoo-south-african-motorists-overburdened-taxes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.969459 | 1,110 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Armour, J. D. and Nelson, P. N. and Daniells, J. W. and Rasiah, V. and Inman-Bamber, N. G. (2013) Nitrogen leaching from the root zone of sugarcane and bananas in the humid tropics of Australia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 180 . pp. 68-78.
Full text not currently attached. Access may be available via the Publisher's website or OpenAccess link.
Article Link(s): http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.05.007
Loss of nitrogen in deep drainage from agriculture is an important issue for environmental and economic reasons, but limited field data is available for tropical crops. In this study, nitrogen (N) loads leaving the root zone of two major humid tropical crops in Australia, sugarcane and bananas, were measured. The two field sites, 57 km apart, had a similar soil type (a well drained Dermosol) and rainfall (∼2700 mm year -1) but contrasting crops and management. A sugarcane crop in a commercial field received 136-148 kg N ha -1 year -1 applied in one application each year and was monitored for 3 years (first to third ratoon crops). N treatments of 0-600 kg ha -1 year -1 were applied to a plant and following ratoon crop of bananas. N was applied as urea throughout the growing season in irrigation water through mini-sprinklers. Low-suction lysimeters were installed at a depth of 1 m under both crops to monitor loads of N in deep drainage. Drainage at 1 m depth in the sugarcane crops was 22-37% of rainfall. Under bananas, drainage in the row was 65% of rainfall plus irrigation for the plant crop, and 37% for the ratoon. Nitrogen leaching loads were low under sugarcane (<1-9 kg ha -1 year -1) possibly reflecting the N fertiliser applications being reasonably matched to crop requirements and at least 26 days between fertiliser application and deep drainage. Under bananas, there were large loads of N in deep drainage when N application rates were in excess of plant demand, even when applied fortnightly. The deep drainage loss of N attributable to N fertiliser, calculated by subtracting the loss from unfertilised plots, was 246 and 641 kg ha -1 over 2 crop cycles, which was equivalent to 37 and 63% of the fertiliser application for treatments receiving 710 and 1065 kg ha -1, respectively. Those rates of fertiliser application resulted in soil acidification to a depth of 0.6 m by as much as 0.6 of a unit at 0.1-0.2 m depth. The higher leaching losses from bananas indicated that they should be a priority for improved N management. Crown Copyright © 2012.
|Business groups:||Horticulture and Forestry Science|
|Keywords:||Deep drainage Fertiliser management Great Barrier Reef Soil acidification WaterSense|
|Subjects:||Plant culture > Field crops > Sugar plants|
Science > Biology > Ecology
Aquaculture and Fisheries > Fisheries > By region or country > Australia > Great Barrier Reef
|Deposited On:||10 Apr 2014 05:17|
|Last Modified:||04 Nov 2015 03:02|
Repository Staff Only: item control page | <urn:uuid:11f93983-2fa8-46b8-881e-3a7a45badf88> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://era.daf.qld.gov.au/3974/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00176-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929666 | 723 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Nutrients are compounds that provide the body with the components necessary to carry out metabolism, growth, reproduction and other body functions. The McKinley Health Center splits nutrients into two groups: macronutrients and micronutrients.Continue Reading
The three essential macronutrients are carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. They are readily broken down into glucose, the fuel source used by all types of cells. The McKinley Health Center reports that carbohydrates also play important roles in waste elimination, intestinal health and central nervous system, kidney, brain and heart functions.
Protein is primarily used to build and repair tissues. The McKinley Health Center also lists carrying out immune function and acting as component in hormones and enzymes as additional functions. Protein can also serve as a secondary source of energy when carbohydrates are in short supply.
Fat is the nutrient that the body chooses to utilize for long-term energy storage. It provides a cushion for vital organs, maintains the characteristics of cell membranes and aids in the absorption of many micronutrients. Despite fat's bad rap, a minimum amount of fat is required for survival, the McKinley Health Center states.
The McKinley Health Center describes micronutrients as essential nutrients that are needed in much smaller quantities than macronutrients. They include vitamins and minerals. Micronutrients aid a variety of body functions and are best thought of as accessories to macronutrients.Learn more about Nutritional Content | <urn:uuid:e4e3adf4-8223-462d-b681-30cee4ef0a7a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.reference.com/health/nutrients-bc1205b92a8b3e9c | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00209-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925455 | 304 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Fluoride is a mineral that occurs naturally in all water sources, including the oceans. Research has shown that fluoride not only reduces cavities in children and adults, but it also helps repair the early stages of tooth decay, even before the decay is visible. Fluoride is the best cavity fighter to help keep the whole family’s teeth strong — no matter their ages.
How Does FLUORIDE Strengthen Your Teeth?
When it reaches your teeth, fluoride is absorbed into the enamel. It helps to repair the enamel by replenishing the lost calcium and phosphorous to keep your teeth hard. This process is caused remineralization. When fluoride is present during remineralization, the minerals deposited into the tooth enamel help strengthen your teeth and prevent dissolution during the next demineralization phase. Thus, fluoride helps stop the decay process and prevent tooth decay.
When Is Fluoride Intake Most Critical?
It is certainly important for infants and children between the ages of 6 months and 16 years to be exposed to fluoride. This is the timeframe during which the primary and permanent teeth come in. However, adults benefit from fluoride, too. New research indicates that topical fluoride — from toothpastes, mouth rinses, and fluoride treatments — are as important in fighting tooth decay as in strengthening developing teeth. | <urn:uuid:31ae504b-38ad-46ed-81dd-feaed507ffee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.edmonstonedental.com/2020/01/what-is-fluoride-and-why-is-it-beneficial-to-your-teeth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.950136 | 278 | 3.71875 | 4 |
State adds 30 new charging ports to its multi-agency office complex in SLC
By Mat Carlile
One of the biggest hurdles to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EV) is sufficient infrastructure to make charging them as reliable and convenient as refueling internal-combustion vehicles. This month, the EV charging stations at the Utah Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) headquarters are getting an upgrade. This will increase the number of chargers at DEQ from six to 30 charging ports—including a DC Fast charger.
Electric vehicles have always held the promise of dramatically changing the way Americans travel and the pollution we produce. But most people are unaware of the roots of EVs.
As early as 1828, inventors were tinkering with concepts for an electric car and versions appeared in Europe and America. By the 1870s, practical applications of the electric car started popping up around the country. William Morrison created the first successful electric vehicle in the U.S. His car was little more than an electrified wagon, but it sparked interest in EVs. Thomas Edison even explored ways to improve Morrison’s technology and worked on building better batteries.
Then, in the early 1900s. the mass-production of Henry Ford’s Model T made internal-combustion cars widely available and affordable. This signaled the end of the first incarnations of EVs. Better roads and the discovery of cheap Texas crude oil also contributed to the decline in EVs’ popularity. By 1935, EVs had all but disappeared from American roadways.
Over the next 30 years or so, cheap, abundant gasoline and continued improvement in the internal-combustion engine created little need for EVs or alternative-fuel vehicles. But in the 1970s, gas prices soared. This sparked renewed interest in EVs and automakers begin exploring opportunities for EVs.
In 1990, new federal and state regulations further renewed interest in EVs. Automakers begin modifying popular vehicle models into electric and hybrid vehicles. This enabled them to reach highway speeds and perform much closer to gasoline-powered vehicles.
Then, in 1996, GM released the EV1, the first mass-produced and purpose-designed EV of the modern era. The following year, Toyota introduced the first mass-produced hybrid, the Prius. In 2010, GM upped the ante with the release of the Chevy Volt, the first commercially available plug-in hybrid. Later that year, Nissan released the LEAF, an all-electric, zero tailpipe emissions car.
To encourage the adoption of EVs, the Energy Department is investing in widespread charging infrastructure. This effort includes installing 18,000 residential, commercial and public chargers.
Electric vehicles hold a lot of potential for helping the U.S. create a more sustainable future. If the U.S. transitioned all the light-duty vehicles to hybrids or plug-in electric vehicles, the country could reduce its dependence on foreign oil by 30-60 percent, while lowering the carbon pollution from the transportation sector by as much as 20 percent.
The upgrade to DEQ’s EV charging infrastructure includes a plan to install 15 dual-port Level 2 chargers (30 charge ports total) and one DC Fast charger on its campus at 195 N. 1950 West in Salt Lake City. The DC Fast Charger and 26 of the Level 2 charge ports will be workplace and public chargers, and four charge ports will be dedicated to state fleet vehicles.
There will not be a cost associated with using the new ChargePoint chargers, although all users will need to set up an account with ChargePoint to use the equipment – similar to the system employed at other state facilities. ChargePoint has the ability to notify users when their vehicle is fully charged, set up a wait-list for each charger, and, in the future (if the State begins charging users) to vary charge rate by time-of-day, or (even if there is no cost to charge) begin charging users after a vehicle has been fully charged and is left plugged into the charger for an extended time.
Funding for the new charging stations at DEQ’s headquarters comes from multiple sources including funds from the Volkswagen Settlement mitigation trust, Rocky Mountain Power, and funding through Utah Division of Administrative Services.
While construction of the new charging stations continues through June, it will cause some inconveniences for people already accustomed to charging their EV at DEQ’s headquarters. However, the two stations (four ports) at the newly completed Technical Support Center, just around the corner from DEQ, will be available for visitors and employees during construction. It is also anticipated that the DC Fast charger will also be deployed before the old chargers are disabled.
I have worked with the Utah Division of Air Quality for 14 years. I have a Master’s degree in Public Administration from Brigham Young University. My wife Carrie and I have four children. I love reading, investigating history, traveling, and playing basketball, volleyball, football, and ultimate Frisbee. | <urn:uuid:c13b8059-7aae-4be5-82e7-59dc3ed865da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://deq.utah.gov/air-quality/deq-powers-up-with-additional-ev-chargers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.950165 | 1,017 | 2.890625 | 3 |
A new study by King's College London has found that much of children's academic ability is determined by their genes rather than their environment.
Researchers at the university compared 11,000 identical and non-identical twins in order to establish the extent of genetic influence on behaviour. Identical twins share 100 per cent of their genetic material, whereas non-identical twins share only around 50 per cent. By comparing the two, researchers can determine which variations are due to genetics and which are due to environmental factors.
The research team found that around 58 per cent of the differences between GCSE scores in compulsory core subjects such as English and maths are a result of genetic variation. Some 29 per cent of differences were found to be determined by external factors such as schools, neighbourhoods and families.
Science grades were found to owe more to genetic factors than humanities grades - 58 per cent as opposed to 42 per cent.
However, people in education jobs are still very important. The leaders of the study maintain that environment plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' behaviour. Education systems that are better attuned to pupils' innate talents and abilities may be more successful than those which are not.
Nicholas Shakeshaft from the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College London said: "Since we are studying whole populations, this does not mean that genetics explains 60 per cent of an individual’s performance, but rather that genetics explains 60 per cent of the differences between individuals, in the population as it exists at the moment. This means that heritability is not fixed - if environmental influences change, then the influence of genetics on educational achievement may change too."
Professor Michael O’Donovan from the Neurosciences and Mental Health board at the MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre stated individuals living in the best and worst environments are likely to be influenced more by their environment than by their genes. He said more research was needed to explore the potential ramifications for education strategy.
Posted by Harriet McGowan | <urn:uuid:51aa52d0-bdd6-47a0-883b-d8d769ca5d11> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.teachingpersonnel.com/news/nature-big-influence-on-gcse-grades-study-finds-99478663018 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96542 | 406 | 3.109375 | 3 |
The Adventure of the Creeping Man
First published in: The Strand Magazine, and in Hearst’s International Magazine, March 1923. Some twenty years passed between the events and Watson’s writing the story, but even then a certain reticence and discretion had to be observed in laying the matter before the public.
Time frame of story (known/surmised): Sunday, September 6, 1903, clearly given. This was one of the very last cases handled by Holmes before his retirement from practice.
H&W living arrangements: Living separately. Watson was dramatically summoned to 221B with a laconic message from Holmes.
Opening scene: Watson arrived at Baker Street and found Holmes huddled in his armchair with updrawn knees, in the throes of a vexatious problem.
Client: Trevor Bennett, professional assistant and personal secretary to Prof. Presbury, the famous Camford University physiologist, a man of European reputation whose life had been entirely academic. Bennett himself was a tall, handsome youth about thirty, well dressed and elegant, but with something in his bearing which suggested the shyness of the student rather than the self-possession of the man of the world. He was engaged to the professor’s daughter Edith, a bright, handsome girl of a conventional English type.
The professor himself was a man of European reputation. His life had been academic, with never a breath of scandal. He was a widower with one daughter, Edith, and a man of very virile and positive character.
Crime or concern: The professor went away to Prague for two weeks and upon returning, a curious change had come over him. He became furtive, sly, and sinister, and under some shadow which darkened his higher qualities. His intellect was not affected; his lectures were as brilliant as ever. Then Bennett spotted him, in the middle of the night, creeping down the hallway in a curious simian fashion. The professor spat out some atrocious word at Bennett and kept going. Then later, Edith saw her father’s face looking in through her window one night. Her room was on the third floor (second floor in England). He was also inexplicably twice attacked by Roy, his otherwise dear, affectionate dog.
Villain: The professor himself, who was a portly, large-featured man, grave, tall, and frock-coated, with the dignity of bearing which a lecturer needs. His eyes were his most remarkable feature, keen, observant, and clever to the verge of cunning. Not only that, but he had shaggy brows and large horn glasses. He had been taking drugs which altered his mind and body. The serum was derived from black-faced Langur monkeys of the Himalayan slopes, the biggest and most human of the climbing monkeys. The drug was furnished by an old colleague, an obscure scientist, Lowenstein of Prague. Lowenstein had developed the wondrous strength-giving serum, but was tabooed by the profession because he refused to reveal the source.
Motive: The 61-year old professor had married a woman 40 years his junior, and wanted to experience rejuvenescence and the elixir of life.
Logic used to solve: SH noticed the professor’s episodes were evenly spaced, every 9 days, which was beyond coincidence.
Holmes’ fees: No mention.
Transport: H&W travelled twice by train up to the famous university town of Camford, and stayed at an inn called the Chequers. In Camford, a smart hansom swept them past a row of ancient colleges and on to the Professor’s home.
Food: At the conclusion of the case H&W took tea at the Chequers before returning to London.
Drink: At the Chequers, the port was above mediocrity (and the linen above reproach). After meeting the Professor, H&W discussed events with a bottle of the famous vintage (port) on the table between them.
Vices: SH smoked his pipe while introducing the concerns to Watson.
Other cases mentioned: COPP, regarding which SH speculated to Watson about the moods of dogs reflecting the family life.
Notable Quotables: Story opened with a message from Holmes to Watson: “Come at once if convenient — if inconvenient come all the same. S. H.”
SH – “The same old Watson! You never learn that the gravest issues may depend upon the smallest things.”
SH on making observations: “Always look at the hands first, Watson. Then cuffs, trouser-knees, and boots.”
SH – “When one tries to rise above Nature one is liable to fall below it.”
Watson – “If I irritated (Holmes) by a certain methodical slowness in my mentality, that irritation served only to make his own flame-like intuitions and impressions flash up the more vividly and swiftly. Such was my humble role in our alliance.”
Other interestings: SH had a general utility man, Mercer, who looked up routine business. Holmes told Watson that Mercer is “since your time.”
When all was said and done: Professor Presbury learned to take the drug while he was in Prague, and it was later supplied by a Bohemian intermediary in London, Dorak, a curious Slavonic name.
This story was sort of a “Science Fiction” episode. Various Holmes fans view this as one of the weaker stories, written later in Doyle’s career, and abandoning many of the classic attributes.
The idea of a drug altering a man’s physical and mental characteristics was part of a story written by another Scottish author, Robert Louis Stevenson, in 1886, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. | <urn:uuid:48d0466c-0b92-402b-a343-0207baab2c2b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://mcmurdoscamp.wordpress.com/story-summaries/cree/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975104 | 1,219 | 1.601563 | 2 |
What Is Diabetes?
As Lions Diabetes Awareness Month continues, we encourage Lions worldwide to educate their communities about diabetes and promote healthy lifestyles to help prevent the development of Type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the body produces little to no insulin, or if the body cannot effectively use insulin, a hormone that helps glucose get from the blood into the cells. A person with diabetes has high blood glucose, or blood sugar, which can lead to life threatening health complications.
There are three main types of diabetes:
- Type 1 Diabetes usually occurs in children and young adults, and means the body produces little or none of its own insulin. People with Type 1 Diabetes must take insulin every day.
- Type 2 Diabetes is the most common type, accounting for 90% or more of all diabetes worldwide. It usually occurs in adults and means the body does not make or use insulin well due to risk factors including obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, increasing age and family history.
- Gestational Diabetes (GDM) is any glucose intolerance that is developed or recognized during pregnancy. Women who have been diagnosed with GDM have a higher risk of Type 2 Diabetes, and their babies are also at a higher risk of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.
Diabetes is increasing worldwide. Fortunately, you can prevent the development of Type 2 Diabetes through a healthy lifestyle and diet, as well as moderate physical activity. | <urn:uuid:f56e6904-f0b0-492f-bd8c-ef8e4aff0e0f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://lionsclubs.org/blog/2012/11/14/what-is-diabetes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00018-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941568 | 288 | 3.421875 | 3 |
For Ototopical Use In Dogs
Federal (U.S.A.) law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.
Federal Law prohibits the extralabel use of this drug in food-producing animals.
Baytril Otic is contraindicated in dogs with suspected or known hypersensitivity to quinolones and/or sulfonamides.
Not for human use. Keep out of the reach of children. Avoid contact with eyes. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes. In case of dermal contact, wash skin with soap and water. Consult a physician if irritation develops or persists following ocular or dermal exposures. Individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to quinolone compounds or antibacterials should avoid handling this product. In humans, there is a risk of user photosensitization within a few hours after excessive exposure to quinolones. If excessive accidental exposure occurs, avoid direct sunlight.
The use of Baytril® Otic in dogs with perforated tympanic membranes has not been evaluated. Therefore, the integrity of the tympanic membrane should be evaluated before administering this product. If hearing or vestibular dysfunction is noted during the course of treatment, discontinue use of Baytril® Otic. Quinolone-class drugs should be used with caution in animals with known or suspected Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders. In such animals, quinolones have, in rare instances, been associated with CNS stimulation which may lead to convulsive seizures.
Quinolone-class drugs have been associated with cartilage erosions in weightbearing joints and other forms of arthropathy in immature animals of various species.
The safe use of Baytril® Otic in dogs used for breeding purposes, during pregnancy, or in lactating bitches, has not been evaluated. | <urn:uuid:fa7e520c-8bd9-46d4-ab0b-a4fd4ae45a94> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lambertvetsupply.com/Baytril-Otic-Rx-15-ml_p_28420.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.91418 | 425 | 1.984375 | 2 |
‘It murmurs inside. It murmurs. Inside is the pain of speech the pain to say. Larger still. Greater than is the pain not to say.’
To speak and to be understood is a challenge we all experience. Expression is a triumph yet also a burden.
Theresa Hak Kyung Cha was born in 1951 in South Korea, during the Korean War. Cha’s parents grew up in Manchuria, their parents having fled there during the annexation of Korea by Japan. Upon returning to Korea, their native language and other cultural practices remained banned. Cha and her family moved to the United States in 1963 and there she continued her education and then began her career in film, writing and art. Her only book, Dictee, was published in 1982. In the same year, she was raped and murdered by convicted serial rapist Joey Sanza in New York.
Dictee’s structure as a hybrid work of poetry, prose, image and diagram deliberately rejects narrativity. Its richness offers something new with every reading. However, the experimental structure initially deterred readers and so it went out of print. Her work only began to receive critical attention after a book of essays edited by Elaine H. Kim was published in 1994. The University of California Press eventually republished Dictee in 2001.
The cultural exile of Cha’s parents and Cha’s own subsequent alienation of moving to the United States act as autobiographical anchors in what is a truly remarkable and expansive investigation of language, religion, gender, diaspora and power. The book’s nine chapters are named after the nine Greek muses, and the fragments seem to trace Cha’s female influences, including Cha’s mother Hyung Soon Huo, Korean revolutionary Yoo Kwan-soon and Joan of Arc. The combined effect of these multiple voices is humbling, galvanising and disorienting. In this way the text necessarily conveys the distress of colonial oppression.
‘Arrest the machine that purports to employ democracy but rather causes the successive refraction of her none other than her own. Suffice Melpomene, to exorcise from this mouth the name the words the memory of severance through this act by this very act to utter one, Her once, Her to utter at once, She without the separate act of uttering.’
Cha’s words continue to reverberate today in this maelstrom of uncertainty and hypocrisy. While the terrible pain of speech is made clear, this book ultimately reminds us that we must not be silenced. | <urn:uuid:64e903d4-9198-4955-a1fe-dfd3f0eca85c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://granta.com/dictee-theresa-hak-kyung-cha/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00122-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964348 | 537 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Question: What is ‘Greenhouse Gas Protocol’?(a) It is an international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify and manage greenhouse gas emissions
(b) It is an initiative of the United Nations to offer financial incentives to developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adopt eco-friendly technologies
(c) It is an inter-governmental agreement ratified by all the member countries of the United Nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to specified levels by the year 2022
(d) It is one of the multilateral REDD+ initiatives hosted by the World Bank
Answer: (a) It is an international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify and manage greenhouse gas emissions
- Project Loon, sometimes seen in the news, is related to
- Net metering is sometimes seen in the news in the context of promoting the
- Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian history were generally
- Who of the following had first deciphered the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?
- With reference to the 'Gram Nyayalaya Act', which of the following statements is/are correct?
- With reference to the 'Trans-Pacific Partnership', consider the following statements
- The India-Africa Summit
- What is/are unique about ‘Kharai camel’, a breed found in India?
- What is 'Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10)', recently in the news?
- Swadeshi' and 'Boycott' were adopted as methods of struggle for the first time during
- Doctors Without Borders (Medecins Sans Frontieres), often in the news, is
- What is ‘Greenhouse Gas Protocol’?
- Satya Shodhak Samaj organized
- The term 'Base Erosion and Profit Shifting' is sometimes seen in the news in the context of
- Recently, India's first National Investment and Manufacturing Zone was proposed to be set up in | <urn:uuid:247db1b0-7128-435d-91e8-7945f55898a0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://gkseahindi.blogspot.com/2016/08/what-is-greenhouse-gas-protocol.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00306-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935893 | 412 | 2.90625 | 3 |
The Grand Prairie Police Department’s COPE initiative stands for “Community Outreach Partnership and Education.” This information-sharing program allows first responders to have immediate access to helpful information when encountering those in a mental health crisis. Our first responders are dedicated to partnering with our citizens with disabilities, and it is our proactive goal to have a program in place to assist. In the event a person is unable to properly identify themselves, or becomes lost/disoriented, or might act in a manner that could be misinterpreted by first responders, this information could be accessed rapidly.
This is a 100% VOLUNTARY program with a registration process online and in-person. Citizens are able to provide demographic information, a current digital picture of themselves or loved one, and emergency contacts along with supporting medical documentation. If a police officer encounters a person enrolled in COPE, the officer can query an in-house confidential database searching by name, location or license plate. Once the individual’s information has been located, the officer can appropriately assist the person.
This program is designed for members in our community who might have difficulty expressing needs or may require assistance from first responders. Disabilities include Alzhemiers/dementia, Autism, intellectual developmental disabilities, and mental health disorders.
To begin the enrollment process, apply for COPE Program online, or Download COPE Program Application.(PDF, 2MB)
Apply for COPE Program Online
To enroll someone other than yourself, you must provide paperwork showing legal representation. Once the application has been submitted, a meeting will be scheduled with the GPPD Crisis Response Supervisor to complete the registration process. We strongly encourage updated photographs of enrolled persons and supporting medical documentation be uploaded with the application.
Partnership is important to us. We ask that you update early and often. It is strongly encouraged to keep first responders informed with the most recent information on file. Help us help you by updating photographs of enrolled persons every six months, make changes to addresses, phone numbers, emergency contacts, or other any other important information immediately.
Please submit updates to Crisis Response Supervisor C. Runnels at firstname.lastname@example.org or call 972-237-8828.
The Grand Prairie Police Department’s Crisis Support Unit is designed to assist those who are visiting or live within our community that are experiencing a mental health crisis. The unit consists of 2 co-responder teams that partner a masters level, licensed mental health professional, with a specially trained and TCOLE certified mental health peace officer. This team rides together and are available to assist in a variety of ways. The goal of the crisis support unit is to reduce the stigma of mental health, mitigate the fear associated with law enforcement, and provide a coordinated response and follow up to those in need. Learn more about the Grand Prairie Crisis Support Unit.
Crisis Response Supervisor
1525 Arkansas Lane
Grand Prairie, TX 75052 | <urn:uuid:a27cf2f7-6db2-48ca-a1a0-b7f7dd83e131> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.grandprairiepolice.org/Services/COPE-Program?lang_update=637917854538292278 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.918918 | 651 | 1.757813 | 2 |
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Europe will have to pay close attention to the consequences of the huge trade deal struck between 15 Asia-Pacific nations this week, covering a third of the world’s population and gross domestic product.
Almost a decade in the making, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) will eliminate tariffs on a wide range of products for its member countries and establish common rules for e-commerce, trade and intellectual property.
The 15 member countries are China, South Korea, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, along with the 10 nations of the ASEAN regional grouping of Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Myanmar, Brunei, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia and the Philippines).
For China, the deal is a geopolitical victory as well as an economic one, as it seeks to become the region’s prime trade mover after the U.S. pulled out of the more ambitious Trans-Pacific Partnership in 2017.
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Here are five things to know about the mammoth agreement and its impact on the EU:
This could swing the pendulum toward manufacturing in Asia
Analysts said the deal’s signatories would likely shift their supply chains away from Europe once the agreement comes into effect, which could be as early as next year.
The agreement will “make it easier for countries like Japan to diversify their global supply chains with Asia,” said Max Zenglein, chief economist at the Mercator Institute for China Studies, since it harmonizes rules of origin among the partner countries.
Rules of origin are supposed to ensure that the value of a product you buy under the terms of a trade deal is really created in the country that exports it. If you are buying televisions under a trade arrangement, for example, the rules should ensure that a high level of the components and labor costs for the TVs come from the exporting country, and that the televisions aren't effectively re-exports from cheaper countries with lower standards.
“European rules of origin are seen as overly complex in Asia,” said Hosuk Lee-Makiyama, director of European Centre for International Political Economy. Under RCEP, members “can trade within all 15 countries under one certificate … If you have simple rules of origin that you can understand, why would you trade with the EU?”
Europe's ambitions as a standard-setter took a hit
As well as making Europe less competitive in one of the world’s fastest-growing markets, RCEP could also dampen European ambitions to be a rule-maker in the global digital economy, said Deborah Elms, executive director of the Asian Trade Centre.
“As RCEP integration continues, the region might start to craft arrangements and standards that are purely Asian, with less attempt to align to European rules or standards,” she said. “It’s not just about China. All of RCEP will likely be included in creating new pathways and economic frameworks for trade in future.”
Europe looks more isolated on ethical trade deals
Despite the RCEP deal’s size, it has been criticized for a lack of ambition because it contains no chapters on sustainability or workers’ rights — an area that the EU views as an increasingly important dimension of trade policy.
Still, from a legal perspective, RCEP should not pose any problems for current or future trade agreements between the EU (with its ethical clauses) and countries involved in the Asian mega-deal.
“Countries such as Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Australia and New Zealand accept that the inclusion of [trade and sustainable development] chapters is an essential condition for concluding a free trade agreement with the EU,” said Isabelle Van Damme, a trade lawyer at Van Bael & Bellis. “However, there are also limits to whether EU trading partners are willing to accept the EU’s standards of social and environmental protection.”
Pressure will grow for Europe and US to regroup on China
First and foremost, China is a winner. “It’s a giant diplomatic success for China,” said Zenglein. After the U.S. pulled out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership, China “used the moment to manifest its position within the Pacific region.”
As China’s first multilateral trade deal, RCEP also allows it to trade more easily with countries such as Japan and South Korea, where concluding a bilateral deal would be too politically sensitive, said Lee-Makiyama.
Manfred Weber, group leader of the European People’s Party in the European Parliament, however, said RCEP should prompt Europe and the U.S. to "join forces" against China's growing influence.
“We need a reunification of the so-called Western world, now with Joe Biden as a constructive partner, to face this challenge of China. It’s the key question for the upcoming decade,” he told the South China Morning Post. Weber also warned that Beijing could face more restrictive measures if it didn't sign an investment deal with the EU by the end of the year.
Rather than being a threat, Lange said he saw the deal as “more of a wake-up call for Europe to re-invigorate its engagement” with the Asia-Pacific region.
India is still out there as the (difficult) anti-China ally
In November last year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced India was withdrawing from the deal. That was a huge setback for negotiators, as India is now the world’s fifth-largest economy, and its market is growing rapidly.
A huge concern for India was that it would be flooded with cheap goods from China and elsewhere. India already runs a large trade deficit with RCEP countries and wanted specific protections for its industry and farmers. It worried that low tariffs could hurt local producers.
To an extent, this means that there is momentum to try to get EU-India trade rapprochement back on the agenda. This has always been a big challenge for Brussels, however, thanks to long-running EU complaints about New Delhi's protections for agriculture and intellectual property in sectors such as pharmaceuticals. | <urn:uuid:98b1f253-7068-4ad9-9ae4-c96f713328b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.politico.eu/article/5-reasons-the-asia-pacific-trade-deal-matters-for-europe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.956522 | 1,306 | 2.15625 | 2 |
WASHINGTON (AP) - The U.S. economy grew moderately in July and early August, and hiring was more robust than in the previous six-week period, the Federal Reserve said Wednesday.
The Fed report on business conditions said nine of its 12 districts reported growth that was "modest" or "moderate." That's roughly in line with the conditions described in the previous report.
Strength in auto sales, tourism and home sales in July and early August offset weakness in manufacturing.
The report comes two days before Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke will address an annual conference of economists in Jackson Hole, Wyo. Investors will be listening for any signals about whether the Fed might take action at its next policy meeting Sept. 12-13 to stimulate the economy.
Michael Gapin, an economist at Barclays, said he viewed the latest Fed survey of business conditions as slightly more positive than the July report. But he said companies continue to worry about threats, including economic weakness in Europe.
Analysts said nothing in the report would discourage the Fed from helping the economy, if its policymakers saw the need for it.
"As long as activity grows at a rate that fails to bring down the unemployment rate, Fed action remains on the table," said Paul Edelstein, director of financial economics at HIS Global Insight.
The economy is still struggling to gain traction more than three years after the end of the Great Recession in June 2009. The Fed report said that six of its districts reported weaker demand in manufacturing. And it highlighted concerns about a severe drought affecting cotton, soybean and corn crops in its Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City districts.
The report, known as the Beige Book, is released eight times a year. It's based on information that the Fed's 12 regional banks gather from business contacts around the country. | <urn:uuid:847398fb-c93a-41b1-950c-10fd511768bc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newstribune.com/news/news/story/2012/aug/29/fed-survey-finds-moderate-us-growth-during-summer/532202/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00062-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970086 | 370 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Even reigning glam aliens have idols. Even top hip hop impresarios obsess over that one particular painting. There is no shortage of guitar strumming, rapping, and singing about art at large, but we're keen on odes and tributes to specific heroes of art history. From David Bowie's serenade to "Andy Warhol" to the Modern Lovers' investigations into "Pablo Picasso" and why he "never got called an asshole," here are a few notable tracks inspired by famous visual artists. Did we miss your favorite? Drop us a comment.
Every Friday, HuffPost's Culture Shift newsletter helps you figure out which books you should read, art you should check out, movies you should watch and music should listen to. Learn more | <urn:uuid:df2006f3-4aae-490b-a1c8-875b1a87170a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/10/flavorwire-10-great-songs_n_1416141.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00348-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940842 | 155 | 1.609375 | 2 |
The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) announced the deadline to submit applications for Ohio’s Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP). Additionally, NRCS is offering an opportunity for agricultural producers in three watersheds in the East Fork Little Miami River Basin to apply for assistance installing conservation practices that protect water quality through the National Water Quality Initiative (NWQI). The deadline for both applications is Jan. 15.
The three East Fork watersheds for which the additional NWQI funding is available include:
- Glady Creek-East Fork Little Miami River
- Solomon Run-East Fork Little Miami River
- Five Mile Creek-East Fork Little Miami River
Together, Ohio NRCS along with the Clermont, Brown, Clinton, and Highland Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCDs) will utilize funds to implement core water quality practices in these watersheds. Applicants for the EQIP and NWQI programs should be farmers, or farm or forest landowners and meet eligibility criteria.
“The additional NWQI funding available is a great opportunity for landowners to implement conservation practices in their operation to help and improve water quality on cropland, forest, pasture, and farmsteads,” said Christina Gates, NRCS district conservationist for Brown and Clermont Counties. “If your property is located within the outlined funding area please contact me prior to Jan. 15 at firstname.lastname@example.org to schedule a field visit and submit an application for funding for 2021.”
Property owners in Clinton and Highland Counties with land in the funding area should contact their local NRCS office.
Applications signed and submitted to NRCS by the Jan. 15 deadline will be evaluated for fiscal year 2021 funding. Visit Ohio NRCS website under “EQIP Funding Categories” for more details. To learn more about EQIP or other technical and financial assistance available through NRCS conservation programs, visit Get Started with NRCS or contact your local USDA Service Center. | <urn:uuid:3fc5dd48-1550-40dc-81a3-16cb4aa7f001> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lovelandmagazine.com/natural-resources-grants-available-for-farmers-forest-owners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.89497 | 434 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Reproductive Technologies Essay, Research Paper Reproductive technologies have the power to shape the future of the human race. If used responsibly, they can improve the quality of life for everyone and greatly reduce genetic disease. Married couples that aren t able to have children are given the ability to use their own genes to create a child of their own.
Reproductive Technologies Essay, Research Paper
Reproductive technologies have the power to shape the future of the human race. If used responsibly, they can improve the quality of life for everyone and greatly reduce genetic disease. Married couples that aren t able to have children are given the ability to use their own genes to create a child of their own. These technologies can also allow parents to choose the physical and even mental attributes of their children, although parents could go overboard with this. Despite whether these technologies are beneficial or not, controversy arises when the decision comes to how much they should be regulated. Some people want the technology banned altogether, while others want loose regulations or none at all. Most people stand somewhere in between these two extreme positions.
Richard Taylor in Reproductive Medicine and Ethics supports these reproductive technologies. He is against traditional ethics and favors situation ethics when it comes to this controversial issue. By supporting the situationist, the writer believes that our actions should be governed, not by fixed rules, of whatever supposed origin, but by their likely outcome, given the situations in which we are called upon to act (Taylor 4). He goes on to say that there will always be some situations where moral rules need to be disregarded. Taylor doesn t state his opinion often in the article and mainly explains how reproductive technology has evolved.
In contrast, Superior People is against this technology. This author, who is anonymous, sees these new technologies as selling people. He compares this to selling blacks by quoting an advertisement long ago that had a choice cargo of about 150 fine healthy NEGROES for sale (quoted in Superior 1). The writer completes the comparison by quoting an advertisement of today in which a wealthy family needed an egg donor with many requirements (height, high SAT score, no medical issues).
The disagreement between these two articles is all about ethics and whether creating people in a petri dish is right or not. The two writers go about explaining their position in very different ways. Reproductive Medicine and Ethics is a very informative article touching on all the different types of reproductive technologies and why traditional ethics can t be applied to this subject. Taylor not only touches on ethical issues, but legal and medical issues as well. Superior People is a very direct article that tries to explain how these technologies are morally wrong and should be banned altogether. This writer is very sarcastic at times and really puts down the people that take place in these reproductive procedures.
One thing that the two essays have in common is that they both use many examples of controversial events involving test tube babies. Taylor uses a very good example, but he simply states what happened. He writes about a daughter who was unable to have children, so she convinced her mother to carry her child. Taylor recognizes that this, of course, gave rise to media accounts of the woman who bore her own grandchild, and it does, indeed, raise the question of motherhood (Taylor 9). Yet he fails to give his own opinion and it in no way helps to prove his point; he lets the reader make up his or her own mind.
In Superior , however, the writer s example of the egg donor ad is very forward and he makes sure the reader knows how he feels. What no blonde hair, blue eyes, and pure Aryan bloodline required? (Superior 4) This same sarcasm can be found throughout the article as the writer used this literary device to get the point across. Also, the aspect of the $50,000 bothers the writer: Is consent voluntary or subtly coerced when such large sums of money are involved? Even though both authors use a similar approach, the writer of Superior People clearly is more effective in using the real world example.
Overall, however, I agree with Taylor on this issue. I don t think that there s anything wrong with couples using others genetic material to create children. For a man or woman who may not be able to bear a child, egg or sperm donation offers the opportunity for parenting of a child genetically connected to half of the couple. The Superior author is against the fact that most people only want superior genetic material; but I don t think there s anything wrong with that. Striving after exceptional genes is sometimes feared by people, but it only improves the human race and lessens the likelihood of genetic diseases.
Reproductive choices must be very difficult decisions to make. As couples near the end of their biological options, most wonder what it would be like not to be parents at all. If they decide that raising children is something they want to do, they begin to think about alternative ways to become parents. Prospective parents must think carefully about what it would mean to them to be a parent without experiencing pregnancy, or a parent with no genetic connection to their child.
The field of reproductive medicine has faced the question of whether it is right or not to play God. With all of the options provided by reproductive technology, potential parents have a lot to think over. Furthermore, cryopreservation of sperm and embryos has enabled people to preserve their potential fertility for as long as they want. The new parenting paths raise a very difficult ethical question: Is it in the best interest of children to be created and parented through third, fourth, or even fifth parties?
Not until recently has a couple’s right to reproduce been questioned. However, because of the new reproductive technologies, the question has arisen about whether the right to have children includes the right to procreate using available technology, donors, or a host uterus. Many experts in the field argue for freedom, saying that since the United States Constitution affords people the right to procreate both sexually and asexually. I believe that having children satisfies basic needs and drives for many people, and the right cannot be denied.
I realize that reproductive technologies raise many ethical questions; one being whether it is morally acceptable to bring a child into the world with an unknown genetic parent. This issue may be more timely now because our understanding has grown in recent years about the relative weight of the question of nature vs. nurture. Because we now understand that genetics plays a very large role in providing a blueprint for adulthood, the ethics of bringing a child into the world with unknown parents is more questionable today than it was in the past. The concern is whether it may be harmful to a person to have no information about his or her genetic make-up.
When looking at both sides of the argument, it is clear that these technologies are a good thing. When looking at the pros, they greatly outweigh the cons in this debate. There does need to be some guidelines to follow as far as potential mothers go, but the system is still in the making. Reproductive is summed up with, What has been done so far has contributed greatly to human happiness, rendering parenthood possible to many for whom it would otherwise be hopeless, and giving rise to research of enormous promise (Taylor 19). Reproductive technologies will continue to evolve and even though more controversy will arise. The bottom line, though, is whether you re making babies the old-fashioned way or in a test tube, it can only help our world.
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|◯||Art Technology Essay Research Paper Communication Front| | <urn:uuid:68418917-e646-4623-a0f8-7ef410773f38> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://mirznanii.com/info/a63623_reproductive-technologies-essay-research-paper-reproductive-technologies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00054-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957561 | 1,678 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Pocketwatch 101™ – Learn about Vintage and Antique Pocket Watches
How to Wind a Vintage Pocket Watch
How much / how often should I wind my vintage watch?
Pocket watches are typically either stem-wound or key-wound. When you wind a watch, what you are really doing is winding up the mainspring, which sits inside the mainspring barrel (a little metal "can" that keeps the mainspring from exploding like a tangled-up slinky).
On a stem-wind watch, the watch is wound by turning the winding crown, almost always in a clockwise direction. The winding wheel is usually equipped with a ratcheting mechanism, so the watch only winds in one direction; the other direction is just "ratcheting back" to make it easier to wind. If you are right-handed, you hold the watch in your left hand and wind with the right. The forward stroke of your thumb is the winding stroke.
If you turn the winding knob and feel or hear any kind of grinding noise then STOP WINDING. This means that something in the winding mechanism is not engaging properly and the watch needs to be professionally serviced. There are several wheels and gears involved in winding the watch, and damage to any one of them can cause rough winding. Best bet is to have the watch looked at because continued forced winding is almost guaranteed to cause damage.
On a key-wind watch, you wind the mainspring by turning a key which usually fits through a hole in the back inner-lid of the watch case (see photo). The key is cut with a square hole in the end, which fits over a square winding arbor in the watch. Turning the key then winds the mainspring. Key-wind direction can be either clockwise or counter-clockwise, depending on the watch, but is usually clockwise. Start by trying to turn the key gently in the clockwise direction. If it turns easily against the spring tension and you hear or feel the ratchet clicking, then you're turning the correct direction. If you just encounter resistance, or if it feels like something is slipping, then you're probably trying to turn the wrong direction.
If you have large hands, you may find it easier to hold the key and turn the watch. If you don't know what size key your watch requires, you can refer to our table of pocket watch key sizes.
Lost or Missing Pocket Watch Winding Keys
If you have a keywind watch and you don't have a winding key for it, or if you've lost the winding key for your antique pocket watch, there are replacement keys available. We have full sets of winding keys available on our Watch Accessories page. We also stock single keys in select sizes. You may need one key to wind the watch and another to set the watch, or you may just need a single key if the winding square and the setting arbor are the same size.
Common Winding Problems
If you are trying to wind your watch and can't, there could be several reasons. If the winding crown (or key) turns forever and you never build up any mainspring tension, then your mainspring is very likely broken (or missing). If the winding crown (or key) won't turn in either direction, then the watch is probably fully wound and won't run because of some other problem. There is really no such thing as an over-wound watch. If the watch is fully wound and it doesn't run, it's because there's something wrong with it. Blaming the problem on an over-wound mainspring would be like saying your car won't run because you have too much gas in your tank.
If the hole in your case doesn't line up with the winding square in the key-wind movement, it's because your watch is not in its correct case. There's nothing that can be done to make the holes line up (no, you really can't drill new ones). You would have to find a correct case to fit your particular movement, which can be a difficult task.
How much and how often to wind your vintage pocket watch?
A mechanical pocket watch should be able to run for at least 24-28 hours on a full wind of the mainspring... 30 hours would be better! Some watches were capable of much longer run-times, 36 to 48 hours isn't uncommon for higher-grade watches and some models, like the Illinois Bunn Special "Motor Barrel" could run as long as 60 hours.
Longer run times were achieved by making a more efficient, low-friction movement which meant the watch could run on less mainspring power. Less power meant that a thinner mainspring could be used, which meant that a longer mainspring could fit into the same size mainspring barrel.
A vintage pocket watch should be wound once a day if in regular service. It's a good idea to get in the habit of winding your watch at about the same time each day... say first thing in the morning. This contributes to consistent timekeeping and prepares the watch for the bumps and bangs that it will encounter during everyday use.
When you wind the watch, wind it all the way until it doesn't wind anymore. Obviously, you don't want to use brute force or a pair of pliers to crank it past the stopping point or you'll break something, but you don't have to be afraid of breaking your mainspring if you're hand-winding your watch. You'd be surprised how many people we run into who are reluctant to wind their watches all the way, then they wonder why the watch stops after only a few hours. If you wind it, it will run!
Pocket watches with winding-indicators (up-down indicator)
Some of the highest quality pocketwatches were equipped with a "wind-indicator" also called an "up-down indicator". The up-down indicator is a small dial indicating the amount of "power reserve" left in the wound mainspring. If you are fortunate enough to have a winding-indicator watch, then you should know how to properly use it. Most up-down indicators have a scale that points to zero when the watch is fully wound and then gradually indicates to a higher number as the watch runs down. This can be thought of as the number of hours that have elapsed since the watch was last wound.
If you do have a wind-indicator watch, you should always stop winding when the needle on the indicator reaches zero. On most watches, it's possible to wind a little past the zero mark, but the spring was "set-up" to provide the best time-keeping by stopping at zero. Similarly, you should wind the watch before it drops below the 30 mark to keep it operating in the "middle of the mainspring".
Up-down indicator watches are somewhat rare and are highly-prized by collectors. We always have customers looking for wind-indicator watches, so please contact us if you have an up-down pocketwatch you would like to sell. | <urn:uuid:4faec7d4-c200-4033-86ca-138f5f88a8cb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pocketwatchrepair.com/how-to/winding.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00441-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958079 | 1,464 | 2.359375 | 2 |
SOURCE: University of Florida, news release, Feb. 11, 2015
FRIDAY, March 27, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Only three deaths due to shark attacks occurred worldwide in 2014, according to new research.
None of these occurred in the United States. One fatal shark attack was reported in South Africa, and two occurred in Australia last year, the researchers found.
Over the past decade, there were an average of six deaths per year from shark attacks worldwide, the University of Florida's International Shark Attack File report said.
Fewer fatalities are likely the result of improvement in beach safety, medical care and greater awareness of how to prevent being attacked by a shark, suggested George Burgess, curator of world shark attack data at the university's Museum of Natural History.
Despite the decline in deaths, the report found the number of nonfatal shark attacks actually increased slightly in the United States. Florida, in particular, had 28 shark attacks -- more than half of the 52 attacks reported in the United States in 2014. But the researchers pointed out that many of these attacks didn't result in serious injuries.
"Most of them are better called bites than attacks. They're the equivalent of dog bites," Burgess said in a university news release.
Seven shark attacks also occurred in Hawaii, five took place in South Carolina and four shark attacks occurred in both North Carolina and California, the report showed. Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas had one attack each.
Around the world, shark attacks fell from 75 to 72 last year, but over the past decade there has been a steady increase in these incidents. The researchers expect this trend to continue as the population and the number of people engaging in water-related activities increases.
"I am willing to predict that there will be more attacks in the second decade of this century than there were in the first," Burgess said.
Despite this increasing trend, being attacked by a shark is still highly unlikely. Beachgoers have a better chance of winning the lottery, the scientist noted.
"It's amazing, given the billions of hours humans spend in the water, how uncommon attacks are," Burgess said, "but that doesn't make you feel better if you're one of them."
The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association provides more information on shark attacks. | <urn:uuid:a463fd04-0c03-48d5-85ee-8b962bf56f59> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.clinicalresearch.com/healthday-news/2015/03/27/2014-saw-only-3-shark-attack-deaths-worldwide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00138-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969999 | 471 | 2.46875 | 2 |
The Iliad of Homer
Page: 24Among these we may reckon some of his marvellous fictions, upon which so much criticism has been spent, as surpassing all the bounds of probability. Perhaps it may be with great and superior souls, as with gigantic bodies, which, exerting themselves with unusual strength, exceed what is commonly thought the due proportion of parts, to become miracles in the whole; and, like the old heroes of that make, commit something near extravagance, amidst a series of glorious and inimitable performances. Thus Homer has his "speaking horses;" and Virgil his "myrtles distilling blood;" where the latter has not so much as contrived the easy intervention of a deity to save the probability.
It is owing to the same vast invention, that his similes have been thought too exuberant and full of circumstances. The force of this faculty is seen in nothing more, than in its inability to confine itself to that single circumstance upon which the comparison is grounded: it runs out into embellishments of additional images, which, however, are so managed as not to overpower the main one. His similes are like pictures, where the principal figure has not only its proportion given agreeable to the original, but is also set off with occasional ornaments and prospects. The same will account for his manner of heaping a number of comparisons together in one breath, when his fancy suggested to him at once so many various and correspondent images. The reader will easily extend this observation to more objections of the same kind.
If there are others which seem rather to charge him with a defect or narrowness of genius, than an excess of it, those seeming defects will be found upon examination to proceed wholly from the nature of the times he lived in. Such are his grosser representations of the gods; and the vicious and imperfect manners of his heroes; but I must here[pg xxxix] speak a word of the latter, as it is a point generally carried into extremes, both by the censurers and defenders of Homer. It must be a strange partiality to antiquity, to think with Madame Dacier,38 "that those times and manners are so much the more excellent, as they are more contrary to ours." Who can be so prejudiced in their favour as to magnify the felicity of those ages, when a spirit of revenge and cruelty, joined with the practice of rapine and robbery, reigned through the world: when no mercy was shown but for the sake of lucre; when the greatest princes were put to the sword, and their wives and daughters made slaves and concubines? On the other side, I would not be so delicate as those modern critics, who are shocked at the servile offices and mean employments in which we sometimes see the heroes of Homer engaged. There is a pleasure in taking a view of that simplicity, in opposition to the luxury of succeeding ages: in beholding monarchs without their guards; princes tending their flocks, and princesses drawing water from the springs. When we read Homer, we ought to reflect that we are reading the most ancient author in the heathen world; and those who consider him in this light, will double their pleasure in the perusal of him. Let them think they are growing acquainted with nations and people that are now no more; that they are stepping almost three thousand years back into the remotest antiquity, and entertaining themselves with a clear and surprising vision of things nowhere else to be found, the only true mirror of that ancient world. By this means alone their greatest obstacles will vanish; and what usually creates their dislike, will become a satisfaction. | <urn:uuid:cc2e141c-2d34-4722-b022-ff8aa89621e0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.greekmythology.com/Books/the_iliad_of_homer/24/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00562-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979349 | 750 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Lean times for nation's produce basket
Central Valley grows big crops, but so do new foreign rivals
BAKERSFIELD, CALIF. — Farmers in America's major produce aisle -California's mammoth Central Valley - are feeling an unaccustomed economic squeeze.
Overshadowed by the state's energy crisis, farmers here face growing foreign competition, rising costs for everything from labor to fertilizer, and shrinking water supplies. The trends, along with pest outbreaks and regulatory burdens, are reshaping farm economics in the region that has long symbolized America's agricultural prowess. Half of US-grown fruits and vegetables originate here, state records show.
For now, the challenges aren't showing up at the grocery store. But the plentiful crops and low prices that satisfy consumers are forcing dramatic changes in California's irrigated fields and orchards.
Smaller growers are selling their farms. Long-established operations are idling fields, abandoning crops before harvest, or even tearing out trees and vines to shrink harvests and drive prices back up.
"Farmers in all areas of the state are commonly stating to us that this is as bad a time to make a living in agriculture as has ever been in this state," says Steve Lyle, spokesman for the California Department of Food and Agriculture.
Representatives of the state are in Washington this week, lobbying Congress to change the way it parcels out farm aid.
Traditionally, Congress has geared farm aid mainly to the Midwestern Grain Belt.
Congress has approved $60 million in relief for California fruit and vegetable growers.
But California farm groups, holding that the health of the farm economy here is vital to both state and nation, are calling for more attention.
And they are enlisting other Sun Belt states.
As Congress drafts its 2002 Farm Bill, Golden State secretary of agriculture William Lyons has teamed with his counterparts from Florida, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas to press for more federal cooperation on farm issues facing their states.
In other moves to help farmers here, the California Farm Bureau Federation has formed a Farm Crisis Task Force, and this winter it will launch a "Buy California" campaign to urge consumers to choose state-grown commodities.
"While much of the nation has enjoyed a booming economy the past few years, agriculture has gone bust," says Bill Pauli, the CFBF's president.
Rich harvest, poor prices
A key problem: Commodity prices have been flat or sinking for three years running. Several years of good weather in the state has produced bumper crops.
Overabundance of items such as raisins, peaches, apricots, and pears have depressed prices while filling storage facilities.
Coalitions of prune, raisin, and other growers have pooled resources to pay colleagues to destroy crops to shrink harvest quotas and stabilize prices.
Prices for commodities from tomatoes and lettuce to oranges and grapes have dropped so low that many smaller growers are either leaving the businesses or letting fields go unplanted.
"How are tomato prices? Terrible!" says Jeff Fabbri, whose family has farmed here since the 1930s. His biggest problem is the strong dollar. "We depend on exports to take the excess production capacity that we have in the US, but with the strong dollar, it has been tough to be competitive internationally with other countries."
Fabbri's farms have a long record of success in over a dozen commodities, so his troubles highlight the depth of the current challenges.
"Even good, hardworking farmers who have a long record of success through many kinds of problems are really having a tough time," says CFBF's Bob Krauter. "This indicates to us these problems are real."
The bad news extends beyond the Central Valley.
Northern California's Klamath Basin have had water cut off in favor of allotments to endangered species.
South of the Central Valley, in Ventura County, the once-dominant crop of Valencia oranges has plummeted in value 80 percent in the past two years, at the end of a 30-year drop in acreage to about half what it was in the 1970s. Officials there are worried that if one part of the citrus industry fails, other citrus operations will become fragmented, lose financial support, and fail as well.
Part of the problem for all of California agriculture is increasing global competition and faster of trade.
"You can bring a container from anywhere in the world in 2 to 3 weeks. The efficiency of moving things has increased, and agricultural trade is the biggest beneficiary," says Fabbri, who runs a 5,000-acre family farm operation near Bakersfield. He is irked by competition from China, where workers are paid $1 a day, versus the $6 to $8 per hour his field hands get.
"That in effect is a subsidy given by the Chinese government, which we can't compete with."
Other farmers have complained of unfair competition in recent years from countries including Chile, Mexico, and Turkey. Such countries are not saddled by the same stringent health regulations or minimum wages. Apricot sales, for example, have shriveled since 1994 in the face of imports.
Fabbri, meanwhile, worries that many consumers are unaware of farm challenges.
"I just sold a ton of wheat for $105, which amounts to a half cent per pound," he says. "If I were to double my price of wheat, that would not change the price of bread appreciably, yet everyone wants to blame the farmer if food costs go up."
To fight back against the worsening agricultural situation here, officials are asking for market-loss assistance programs, relaxation of trade restrictions of US produce overseas, and tax relief, such as an end to the estate tax, which hurts family farmers.
A bill in the state legislature would require prisons and hospitals to buy California produce if it is available and is priced within 5 percent of the lowest bid.
"The good news about this situation is that farmers are pulling together [to] think about public policies that can really help them," says Daniel Sumner, an agricultural economist at the University of California, Davis.
Too much action might prompt retaliatory measures by other states or countries. But, while he stops short of calling the current situation "critical," Mr. Sumner says urgent action is warranted.
(c) Copyright 2001. The Christian Science Monitor | <urn:uuid:27e19450-66a1-43ea-b9d6-a058be2fe277> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.csmonitor.com/2001/0720/p1s3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00496-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957552 | 1,311 | 2.15625 | 2 |
I've always loved history and thought of it as just one amazing (albeit long) story. WW1 has...
Show full author's note »
4th August 1914:
I can still vividly recall the legendary stories father used to tell me and my brother at bedtime, before he died in the mine explosion when I was 8 and Johnny (only 11!) took it upon himself to become the man of the house. Things have never been the same; no man (or boy for that matter) can replace my Father. But never when I sat entranced by my father’s magical stories of the knights in all their grandeur, did I imagine that one day I might have my own chance to serve my country. Today it was announced that Britain has declared war on Germany. Being only 16 legally I’m not old enough to sign up, but that’s not going to stop me, besides rules are meant to be broken. My main worry is that Mother will never let me go but I really see no reason for me to stay now school’s reached its expiry date for me -the army is the perfect escape and a respectable one at that! I can still remember sneaking into my father’s bedroom when I was younger and trying on the army uniform he had neatly hanging up inside his wardrobe and pretending I was a soldier, the sleeves hanging limply at my sides puffing my chest out as far as it would go. Before he worked down the mines Father served in the army for a while too. Now it’s my chance to follow in my hero’s footsteps. | <urn:uuid:d7fedabb-bf10-4730-a70a-d86e4f96bce3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.teenink.com/novels/historical_fiction/book/98527/The-Lost-Generation/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00223-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982881 | 332 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Make it Wild! 101 Things to Make and Do Outdoors
Written by Fiona Danks, Jo Schofield
Lovereading4kids Price £13.59
£16.99 saving £3.40 (20%)
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The Lovereading4Kids comment
A terrific book to lure kids away from their computers and to go outside to discover the natural world around us. It’s packed with ideas for creative activities using natural materials to make things. Aimed more at the parent than the child/teenager, this book will prove invaluable in providing children with the freedom to enjoy outdoor activities and to enable them to experience their own limits, take measured risks and learn new skills whilst looking after and protecting the world around us. If you’re looking for a book for children to enjoy along similar lines to this book but more kid friendly then take a look at Go Wild.
Make it Wild! 101 Things to Make and Do Outdoors by Fiona Danks, Jo Schofield
Following Nature's Playground and Go Wild, the authors once again lure kids away from computers and the TV into the natural world, this time to have a go at making their own entertainment from whatever is available outdoors. This book is about looking at natural materials in a new light and discovering how they can be used creatively. It shows children from eight upwards, including teenagers - and their parents - how to make anything from a cricket bat to an ice lantern, and enjoy expeditions, games and parties outdoors - all with the emphasis firmly on fun. From making things that fly to playing hay bale games, fashioning monsters from wet clay to trying stone jenga, creating living willow sculptures to making natural jewellery, the book helps youngsters to open their eyes and use their imaginations, and to discover the wonder and value of natural materials.
-stimulating stuff. Cumbria Exceptionally exciting entertainment for exeat. Field If the pile of hardbacks on our desk is anything to go by, picture books are making a comeback. We like The Norfolk Coast by Jon Gibbs. Surrey Nature A joyous celebration of childhood and the great, wild outdoors, this book is packed with ideas to keep children busy... Open the doors, switch off the TV and push the kids outside! Cornwall Today So much more than an outdoors make-and-do manual. It's more of an imaginative invitation to enjoy nature. Independent Packed to bursting with wonderful photographs and simple instructions on how to make things using natural materials.Oxfordshire authors Fiona Danks and Jo Schofield have obviously had great fun in preparing the book. Oxford Times Full of a welter of activities to get adults and children to really enjoy and explore the outdoors. The combination of practical skills, using what's to hand; creativity and imagination is most inspiring and I'm sure this book will be a boon for any-one who enjoys being in a group in the big outdoors. The book is sturdily produced on quality paper, stitched in the old fashioned way so that it opens flat, with lots of colour photos and clear instructions and explanations. A really beautiful book to own and use. School Librarian Another fantastic book in the series with inspiring pictures and ideas to encourage you to have a go at something new outside. Juno An absolute goldmine of creative activities that makes me want to get outside NOW and do it all. It fizzes with life, the beauty of Nature, creativity. Juno
About the Author
Fiona Danks, Jo Schofield
More books by Fiona Danks, Jo Schofield
Frances Lincoln Publishers Ltd
6th May 2010
I think Lovereading4kids is an amazing company because of the friendly staff and the fabulous chance to read great books before publication.Adam Graham
It gives me a chance to read types of books that I would not normally try, and it motivates me to read every night to finish it!Alice Horncastle, age 14
I love lovereading4kids because I’ve read amazing books I would never have picked up, and its opened doors to new genre’s I now love.Harriet Cunningham
It’s so easy to find the right book for your child. Such an easy-to-use, yet in-depth website. 100% reliable.Pippa, Jack, Liam & Matthew Wils
I love finding new books to read. My mummy and me look at the new ones coming out. I have written reviews of some of them!Jessica Cobbin – age 7
We love Lovereading4kids because they put books in front of us we wouldn’t otherwise have read. They make us more adventurous readers!Emily Jacques
It is fantastic, you get to read lots of books and you always find something new and amazing in them.Erica Motoc, age 7
It is THE website to use for narrowing down your search for any book. Definitely knocks the socks off any other book review website.Nickey and Tomasz Hawryszczuk | <urn:uuid:c387af57-2a7e-427b-b3c4-73a1ad1eb4e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lovereading4kids.co.uk/book/5530/Make-it-Wild-101-Things-to-Make-and-Do-Outdoors-by-Fiona-Danks-Jo-Schofield.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00328-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927092 | 1,084 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Photo-based avatars that look like paintings or illustrations are very classy and tend to be rare because few people possess the skills to make them without hours of work. But by following the simple steps outlined below, you will gain the skills to turn your photograph into a painted or illustrated avatar in minutes instead of hours.
1. In Adobe Illustrator ( Macworld rated 4 out of 5 mice ), open the raster (pixel-based) image you want to use as the starting point for your avatar. Illustrator can directly open JPEG, TIFF, and many other raster file formats.
2. Select the image on the artboard with the black arrow Selection tool and, on the toolbar-like Control panel at the top of the Illustrator window, click the down arrow beside the Live Trace button. This will reveal the list of Live Trace presets. Select Tracing Options to open the Tracing Options dialog box.
3. In the Tracing Options dialog, activate the Preview option on the right so that you can see the effects, and then try a tracing preset from the Preset menu at the top. Using various presets, you can achieve a number of effects. For instance in my examples below, I used the Simple Trace preset for the black and white drawing effect, the Color 6 preset for the simplified color drawing effect, and the Photo High Fidelity preset to achieve a photorealistic vectorization effect.
4. If a preset doesn't give you the exact results you're looking for, start with the closest match and then tweak the settings below the Preset field. There isn't space to fully explain what all these settings do (that took four pages in my last Illustrator book), but here are a few tips to keep in mind as you work.
- The Max Colors field defines the maximum number of colors used in the tracing, up to 256. Use higher values for more realistic color and lower values to create painting or illustration effects.
- Adjusting the value of the Blur field, which blurs the original raster image prior to tracing, can sharpen or soften the tracing result.
- Minimum Area defines the size (in pixels) of the smallest area of solid color. Lower values create more areas and more photo-like colors, while higher values contribute significantly to illustrated and painted looks wherein pixels with close color values are combined into a single color area.
5. When you're happy with the results, click the Trace button to commit your settings. Unless you break apart the tracing by clicking the Expand button on the Control panel--which enables you to edit each color area as a separate vector path--the Live Trace effect will remain enabled. That means that you can return to the Tracing Options dialog at any time and adjust the trace results. After tracing, you'll want to save the file as an Adobe Illustrator (.ai) file or, at the very least, export it to a new raster image file. Export the file to GIF, PNG, or JPEG via the File -> Export or File -> Save for Web & Devices command.
That's it. You now have a photorealistic avatar portrait to use in a variety of documents and online venues.
If Illustrator isn't your bag, don't worry. The next two tutorials in this series show you how to achieve painting, illustrative, and other effects using everyone's favorite toy--Photoshop.
[Pariah S. Burke is the author of Mastering InDesign CS3 for Print Design and Production (Sybex, 2007), and other books; a freelance graphic designer; and the publisher of the Web sites GurusUnleashed.com, WorkflowFreelance.com, and CreativesAre.com. Pariah lives in Portland, Ore.]
[This is the fourth of a series of articles on how to find, build, and create avatars for use on social networking Web sites and chat clients. Stay tuned for more tips on how to create a unique online image.]
This story, "Cartoon You" was originally published by Macworld. | <urn:uuid:49d7da1a-1e90-4b0a-a899-b6c50b7ac4de> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pcworld.com/article/173098/article.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00108-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.882138 | 832 | 1.875 | 2 |
If you're a fickle fair weather photographer you're missing out on loads of great photo opportunities. Face the elements and find out how to get the best of out all weathers.
A scene can be totally transformed by a touch of mist or fog. Catch it first thing in the morning, when the earliest rays of sunshine appear, and you could be in for an award-winning photo. Avoid just thick blankets of fog without any interesting details at all.
Bright overhead sunlight can drain the colour out of an image and give harsh shadows in portrait pictures. As always, early morning and late afternoon light are much more flattering. If you're getting less than impressive results leave the bright sunshine in favour of a shady spot for you subject instead.
There's plenty of inspiration for frost filled images on cold winter mornings; the key is to get out there early enough to catch them! Try taking a wide angle landscape shot of a frosty scene, then go to the other extreme with a really tight close up. Look for examples of frost strengthening the outline of whatever it's clinging to. Capture both the heavy frost and later as it starts to melt for different effects.
Most of us love the sunshine but photographically speaking cloudy weather is often easier to work with, as clouds help to diffuse the light. It's also worth watching for sun starting to break through cloud and provide wonderful shafts of light for stunning landscape shots.
Windy weather is one of the most troublesome conditions to work with. It can provide really dramatic images but it's a good idea to find a sheltered position to take your photos from if you can. If you're using a tripod make sure it's a heavy one that is unlikely to get blown over. Many tripods enable you to attach your camera bag as extra ballast against the elements, which can be really useful. You’ll be glad you made the extra effort when it comes to creating personalised gifts for family and friends.
Snowy landscapes make beautiful pictures. When you're surrounded by snow though you'll find it reflects loads of light, making getting the right exposure a little tricky. Cameras tend to overcompensate giving rather grey images. Solve this by setting a slightly longer exposure time than your auto exposure recommends.
Yes you want to keep your camera dry, but that doesn't mean putting it away the moment you sense a downpour. Work undercover and you can capture plenty of great shots. Ideally you want a combination of sun and rain for high contrast images, rather than dull rainy days. It's also great if you can point your camera towards the sun to highlight the raindrops. After the rain has gone take close ups of water droplets and look for interesting reflections in puddles.
For the gallery please send a maximum of four high-resolution images, complete with short captions and the photographer's name. Please ensure there are no copyright issues with using your images. Then keep your eyes peeled for them appearing! | <urn:uuid:4cc5760e-dfcf-4cb6-91c1-9841ad0eae4b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.photobox.ie/content/features/whatever_the_weather | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00294-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938536 | 604 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Annamalai, T. A., Narayanan, S., Devkar, G., Kumar, V. S., Devaraj, R., Ayyangar, A., Mahalingam, A. (2016) Protocol for a Systematic Portfolio Review: To What Extent have the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Sub-sectors Incorporated the Life-cycle Approach into Policies, Programmes and Projects during the MDG Period? New Delhi: International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie)Link to Source
This review is a systematic portfolio review. It aims to identify the portfolio of WASH policies and programmes implemented by different multilateral agencies, international aid agencies and governments and assess the extent to which they have incorporated the Life-Cycle Approach (LCA). The basic premise of LCA is to understand the challenges and disabilities faced by people across their life-span.
Authors’ stated objectives: "This systematic review aims to gather evidence on the question, “To what extent have the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene sub-sectors incorporated the life-cycle approach into policy, programme and projects during the MDG period?”.
- Which segments of the population have been targeted in WASH projects during the MDG period? Does it vary between sectors and countries?
- How accurately have the target population and their barriers to access WASH facilities described in policies and the same has been incorporated in WASH programmes and projects? Does it vary between sectors and countries? Are they consistent across policies, programmes and projects?
- To what extent do the policies, programmes and projects detail the strategies that would be deployed towards achieving or promoting the principles of the life cycle approach? What are the strategies deployed to achieve the life cycle approach?"
The authors will include policy documents and programme /project documents that assess the adoption of the Life-Cycle Approach (LCA) in WASH programming as well as other WASH indicators that demonstrate improvement of access to WASH facilities for various population groups, such as quality and safety, physical accessibility, availability, and affordability of WASH. A total of eleven low and middle income countries in South Asia and sub-Saharan African have been proposed for this review. These countries have been identified from the list of WSSCC priority countries, most of which have received funding through the Global Sanitation Fund (GSF). The shortlisted countries are India, Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh from the Asian region and Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Nigeria, Malawi and Uganda from sub-Saharan Africa.
The main method of analysis adopted for this review will be qualitative comparative analysis which will be supplemented by a numerical summary or the use of descriptive statistics. | <urn:uuid:57898323-852e-4cb0-a897-4b73ae794146> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://3ieimpact.org/en/evidence/systematic-reviews/details/337/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00503-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92261 | 557 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Working in construction can be incredibly lucrative, especially here in the United States. For many people, this is one of the main reasons to join the industry. Aside from the promise of a stable income, many simply find construction work in all areas of the field to be fulfilling, something that you feel satisfied after a long day of work doing. However, it must also be noted that the construction industry can be a very dangerous one to work in indeed if the proper precautions are not taken all the time.
In fact, very nearly five thousand construction workers die every year due to work related incidents. In the year of 2015, it averaged out to about thirteen construction worker deaths for each and every day that passed. And injury is also common, with the average teenage construction worker between the ages of sixteen and nineteen needing to take off nearly a fully week of work – four days, on average – to recover from an injury. This can be directly tied to the fact of their youth, as one third of work injuries that required time taken off to aid in recovery were sustained by those who had a year or less of practical construction experience.
The youth all too often feel that they are invincible, and those that have not had years of experience under their belt are likely to skip taking the necessary precautions. However, many of these precautions in the construction field can not only prevent injury, but can actually prove to be totally and utterly life saving.
Take, for example, the use of reflective button down work shirts. Reflective button down work shirts are a relatively inexpensive purchase with a huge pay off. When construction workers wear reflective button down work shirts, they increase their overall safety considerably, especially if they are working on busy roads and in inclement weather.
In such cases, the reflective button down work shirts increase the visibility of said construction workers by quite a bit, preventing them from accidentally being hit by a car, a risk that is run when conducting road work. And aside from reflective button down work shirts, other reflective articles of clothing can be obtained and worn. For example, the high visibility sweatshirt is popular, as it will help to keep construction workers warm and comfortable without causing them to overheat. The high visibility rain jacket will not only make them more visible to drivers navigating the road, but will also help to protect them from any elements that they might be experiencing. And while reflective button down work shirts and reflective pants for work might not be all too fashion forward, they are likely to be well worth it for the increase in safety that they will provide.
Aside from reflective button down work shirts, other methods of protection should also be utilized on a regular basis. Work boots, for instance, are key for any construction worker. Not only will work boots protect the average construction worker’s feet from falling objects, debris, and other construction waste products, but they will also help to keep their feet as comfortable as is possible. After all, the average construction worker has been found to take as many as thirty thousand steps in a single day. To put this in perspective, the average person living in the United States who is not a construction worker will likely only take around ten thousand steps, if even that.
Ear protection is also important, as construction workers are frequently exposed to high decibel noises. If an ear is exposed to a decibel that exceeds a measurement of eighty five for an extended period of time, it is more likely than not that hearing damage will be sustained. Fortunately, this can be prevented through the use of the adequate ear protection, which can drop the decibel count by as much as thirty decibels – an impressive number, to say the least.
From the reflective button down work shirts to the orange safety vest to the right protective footwear, there are many ways in which we can keep our construction workers safe. | <urn:uuid:06cdd48d-54ba-4902-ae0f-8dfdfa3e090b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coachinoutletstore.com/how-we-can-keep-construction-workers-safe-all-throughout-the-united-states/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.968471 | 774 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Righteousness, as used in Scripture and theology, in which it chiefly occurs, is nearly equivalent to holiness, comprehending holy principles and affections of heart, and conformity of life to the divine law.
4. The state of being right with god; justification; the work of christ, which is the ground justification. There are two kinds of Christian righteousness: the one without us, which we have by imputation; the other in us, which consisteth of faith, hope, and charity, and other Christian virtues. (hooker) Only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone. (Westminster Catechism)
Origin: AS. Rihtwisnes. | <urn:uuid:d037f6e9-bd80-4982-8b68-09bdf7d0161e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Righteousness | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00492-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942291 | 146 | 2.578125 | 3 |
TweetMale prostitutes? Did Pope Benedict actually say that only male prostitutes can use condoms to avoid transmitting the HIV virus? Why did he limit this unsuspected flexibility only to men?
Well, it’s not actually clear from the new book Light of the World, where this statement appears, that he is only talking about male prostitutes. In fact, the Vatican’s own daily newspaper, L’Osservatore Romano, has him granting this conditional dispensation to female prostitutes. And his spokesman Fr. Federico Lombardi has made a statement that supposedly clarified the pope’s comments but skirted around the gender issue altogether.
The problem is that the pope gave the interview in his native German, which is not 100% clear on this issue. The key phrase about condom use reads in the English translation: “There may be a basis in the case of some individuals, as perhaps when a male prostitute uses a condom, where this can be the first step in the direction of a moralisation.”
In German, Benedict says “ein Prostituierter,” which signifies a prostitute of the masculine gender. This could refer literally to a man. But he could also be using the grammatical masculine gender, the default when speaking about any human individual in general. A phrase like “Every citizen has the right …” would be expressed in the grammatical masculine gender — “Jeder Bürger hat das Recht…” — but it would not disqualify half the population. Benedict could have made himself clearer by expressly saying “male prostitute” — “ein männlicher Prostituierter” — but he didn’t.
English can get way with simply saying “a prostitute” because we don’t signal genders with specific word endings. German forces the speaker to indicate a grammatical gender, often regardless of the sex or sexlessness of the object involved. So tables, trains, dreams and dishes are grammatically masculine in German without any hint of secondary sex characteristics. By contrast, a German could call a sultry 16-year-old actress “das Mädchen” — neuter gender for “the girl” — and refer to her as “it” with perfect grammatical accuracy.
The English translator got around this by adding the adjective “male.” The French translator was able to follow the German example and write “un prostitué” in the masculine gender rather than “une prostituée.” But Italian grammar apparently doesn’t allow such an easy switch, so the Vatican daily referred to “una prostituta” in the feminine gender.
The difference isn’t just grammatical. If Pope Benedict means only male prostitutes, he is speaking about gay sex, which cannot lead to procreation. The Church rejects artificial methods that block procreation, such as condoms and contraceptive pills. Since that doesn’t apply between two men, a condom could be condoned even though the Church thinks homosexual sex is wrong anyway.
But if he means male or female prostitutes, then he is allowing condom use for a sex act that could possibly led to pregnancy, i.e. when a male visits a female prostitute. From there, it’s only a short step to condoning it in a marriage where the man is HIV-positive. And then the question will arise, why not allow condoms for heterosexuals who aren’t infected?
Since he rules out artificial birth control in another chapter, a good grammarian would have to conclude from the context that Benedict does indeed mean masculine gender here in the sexual sense. I’m curious to see how the Vatican explains that its own newspaper used the feminine. Maybe a long essay about Italian grammar? | <urn:uuid:5c64c76d-968a-41a5-a256-a3b316fdb40a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.mothertongue.com/wordpress/tag/vatican/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00427-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940367 | 799 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Corrosion of reinforcing steel and other embedded metals is the leading cause of deterioration inconcrete. When steel corrodes, the resulting rust occupies a greater volume than the steel. This expansion creates tensile stresses in the concrete, which can eventually cause cracking, delamination, and spalling.
Steel corrodes because it is not a naturally occurring material. Rather, iron ore is smelted and refined to produce steel. The production steps that transform iron ore into steel add energy to the metal.
Steel, like most metals except gold and platinum, is thermodynamically unstable under normal atmospheric conditions and will release energy and revert back to its natural state—iron oxide, or rust. This process is called corrosion.
For corrosion to occur, these elements must be present:
- There must be at least two metals (or two locations on a single metal) at different energy levels
- an electrolyte
- a metallic connection
In reinforced concrete, the rebar may have many separate areas at different energy levels. Concrete acts as the electrolyte, and the metallic connection is provided by wire ties, chair supports, or the rebar itself.
Corrosion is an electrochemical process involving the flow of charges (electrons and ions). At active sites on the bar, called anodes, iron atoms lose electrons and move into the surrounding concrete as ferrous ions. This process is called a half-cell oxidation reaction, or the anodic reaction, and is represented as:
2Fe → 2Fe2+ + 4e-
The electrons remain in the bar and flow to sites called cathodes, where they combine with water and oxygen in the concrete. The reaction at the cathode is called a reduction reaction. A common reduction reaction is:
2H2O + O2 + 4e- → 4OH-
To maintain electrical neutrality, the ferrous ions migrate through the concrete pore water to these cathodic sites where they combine to form iron hydroxides, or rust:
2Fe2+ + 4OH- → 2Fe(OH)
This initial precipitated hydroxide tends to react further with oxygen to form higher oxides. The increases in volume as the reaction products react further with dissolved oxygen leads to internal stress within the concrete that may be sufficient to cause cracking and spalling of the concrete cover.
Corrosion of embedded metals in concrete can be greatly reduced by placing crack-free concrete with low permeability and sufficient concrete cover. Low-permeability concrete can be attained by decreasing the water to cementitious materials ratio of the concrete and the use of pozzolans and slag. Pozzolans and slag also increase the concrete resistivity thus reducing the corrosion rate even after it initiates. ACI 318-11, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete provides minimum concrete cover requirements that will help protect the embedded metals from corrosive materials. Additional measures to mitigate corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete include the use of corrosion inhibiting admixtures, coating of reinforcement (for example, with an epoxy resin), and use of sealers and membranes on the concrete surface. Sealers and membranes, if used, have to be periodically reapplied.
Concrete and the Passive Layer
Although steel’s natural tendency is to undergo corrosion reactions, the alkaline environment of concrete (pH of 12 to 13) provides steel with corrosion protection. At the high pH, a thin oxide layer forms on the steel and prevents metal atoms from dissolving. This passive film does not actually stop corrosion; it reduces the corrosion rate to an insignificant level. For steel in concrete, the passive corrosion rate is typically 0.1 µm per year. Without the passive film, the steel would corrode at rates at least 1,000 times higher (ACI222 2001).
Because of concrete’s inherent protection, reinforcing steel does not corrode in the majority of concrete elements and structures. However, corrosion can occur when the passive layer is destroyed. The destruction of the passive layer occurs when the alkalinity of the concrete is reduced or when the chloride concentration in concrete is increased to a certain level.
The Role of Chloride Ions
Exposure of reinforced concrete to chloride ions is the primary cause of premature corrosion of steel reinforcement . The intrusion of chloride ions, present in deicing salts and seawater, into reinforced concrete can cause steel corrosion if oxygen and moisture are also available to sustain the reaction. Chlorides dissolved in water can permeate through sound concrete or reach the steel through cracks. Chloride-containing admixtures can also cause corrosion.
No other contaminant is documented as extensively in the literature as a cause of corrosion of metals in concrete than chloride ions. The mechanism by which chlorides promote corrosion is not entirely understood, but the most popular theory is that chloride ions penetrate the protective oxide film easier than do other ions, leaving the steel vulnerable to corrosion.
The risk of corrosion increases as the chloride content of concrete increases. When the chloride content at the surface of the steel exceeds a certain limit, called the threshold value, corrosion will occur if water and oxygen are also available. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) studies found that a threshold limit of 0.20 percent total (acid-soluble) chloride by weight of cement could induce corrosion of reinforcing steel in bridge decks (Clear 1976). However, only water-soluble chlorides promote corrosion; some acid-soluble chlorides may be bound within aggregates and, therefore, unavailable to promote corrosion. Work at the FHWA (Clear 1973) found that the conversion factor from acid-soluble to water-soluble chlorides could range from 0.35 to 0.90, depending on the constituents and history of the concrete. Arbitrarily, 0.75 was chosen, resulting in a water-soluble chloride limit of 0.15 percent by weight of cement.
Although chlorides are directly responsible for the initiation of corrosion, they appear to play only an indirect role in the rate of corrosion after initiation. The primary rate-controlling factors are the availability of oxygen, the electrical resistivity and relative humidity of the concrete, and the pH and temperature.
Carbonation occurs when carbon dioxide from the air penetrates the concrete and reacts with hydroxides, such as calcium hydroxide, to form carbonates. In the reaction with calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate is formed:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O
This reaction reduces the pH of the pore solution to as low as 8.5, at which level the passive film on the steel is not stable.
Carbonation is generally a slow process. In high-quality concrete, it has been estimated that carbonation will proceed at a rate up to 0.04 inches per year. The amount of carbonation is significantly increased in concrete with a high water-to-cement ratio, low cement content, short curing period, low strength, and highly permeable or porous paste.
Carbonation is highly dependent on the relative humidity of the concrete. The highest rates of carbonation occur when the relative humidity is maintained between 50 and 75 percent. Below 25 percent relative humidity, the degree of carbonation that takes place is considered insignificant. Above 75 percent relative humidity, moisture in the pores restricts CO2 penetration. Carbonation-induced corrosion often occurs on areas of building facades that are exposed to rainfall, shaded from sunlight, and have low concrete cover over the reinforcing steel.
Carbonation of concrete also lowers the amount of chloride ions needed to promote corrosion. In new concrete with a pH of 12 to 13, about 7,000 to 8,000 ppm of chlorides are required to start corrosion of embedded steel. If, however, the pH is lowered to a range of 10 to 11, the chloride threshold for corrosion is significantly lower—at or below 100 parts per million. Like chloride ions, however, carbonation destroys the passive film of the reinforcement, but does not influence the rate of corrosion.
Example of carbonation on a building facade.
Dissimilar Metal Corrosion
When two different metals, such as aluminum and steel, are in contact within concrete, corrosion can occur because each metal has a unique electrochemical potential. A familiar type of dissimilar metal corrosion occurs in an ordinary flashlight battery. The zinc case and carbon rod are the two metals, and the moist paste acts as the electrolyte. When the carbon and zinc are connected by a wire, current flows. In reinforced concrete, dissimilar metal corrosion can occur in balconies where embedded aluminum railings are in contact with the reinforcing steel. Below is a list of metals in order of electrochemical activity:
1. Zinc 5. Nickel 9. Copper
2. Aluminum 6. Tin 10. Bronze
3. Steel 7. Lead 11. Stainless Steel
4. Iron 8. Brass 12. Gold
When the metals are in contact in an active electrolyte, the less active metal (lower number) in the series corrodes.
ACI Committee 222, Protection of Metals in Concrete Against Corrosion
, ACI 222R-01, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, 2001, 41 pages.
ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
, ACI 318-05, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, 2005, 443 pages.
Clear, K.C., and Hay, R.E., “Time-to-Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Slabe, V.1: Effect of Mix Design and Construction Parameters
,” FHWA-RD-73-32, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, April, 1973, 103 pages.
Clear K.C., “Time-to-Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Slabs
,” Federal Highway Administration, PB 258 446, Vol. 3, April, 1976.
PCA, Types and Causes of Concrete Deterioration,
Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois, 2002, 16 pages. | <urn:uuid:76511bc1-a6e4-4c33-b9ec-d6a7275a0248> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cement.org/for-concrete-books-learning/concrete-technology/durability/corrosion-of-embedded-materials | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00156-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898808 | 2,083 | 3.84375 | 4 |
眼球追蹤 (眼動追蹤) 的市場機會
Market Opportunities in Eye Tracking
本報告提供眼球追蹤 (眼動追蹤) 技術的市場機會相關調查，提供您技術概要與發展過程，最終用途產業和各種用途，各用途的市場佔有率實際成果·預測，彙整最佳業務實踐，各用途市場的成長預測等資料，為您概述為以下內容。
Thintri, Inc. announces the release of Market Opportunities in Eye Tracking, 2015 , a new market study that analyzes the extraordinary opportunities emerging in the use of eye tracking for a wide range of applications. This comprehensive examination discusses the development of new eye tracking technologies that are inexpensive and easily implemented, resulting in new applications that, in some cases, are poised to create billion-dollar markets, with market forecasts to 2022.
Eye tracking, the detection and determination of the direction of a person's gaze while following and recording the movement of the gaze from one point to another, has long been available for use by paralyzed patients to control computers and other devices. Because the systems were sold in low volumes and had to meet extraordinary requirements in performance and reliability, prices remained too high for many worthy applications. And because of the low volumes, there was little incentive to develop new capabilities and cultivate new markets.
All that is changing with the advent of new, inexpensive eye tracking tools. As recently as ten years ago, tracking the eye movements of test shoppers in a store required them to be tethered to bulky computer equipment pushed behind them in a trolley. Today, the same task can be accomplished with a pair of wireless goggles.
Outside of a couple of demanding applications like gaming and virtual/augmented reality, where goggles will still be common, the bulky goggles and even eye-contact devices that recorded gaze direction in the past are being replaced with a simple infrared source attached to a computer, tablet or other device. The increased comfort for the subject, combined with the inherently low cost of the source/detector system, are about to create huge markets.
Providing access to technologies for the disabled will continue to be an important application, but that market is nearing saturation, and may even face decline with growing issues in funding. However, the breadth and promise of emerging applications for eye tracking are startling. Medical personnel will be able to diagnose brain injury, neurological disease, Parkinson's disease, ADD/ADHD, learning/reading disabilities and even psychiatric conditions, all with a simple, inexpensive eye tracking tool. As each individual has unique eye tracking characteristics, eye tracking can be used in biometrics. Law enforcement can use eye tracking to evaluate the accuracy and certainty of a witness' decisions when viewing a police lineup. Eye tracking will provide tremendous benefits in website design and the development of virtually anything that is meant to be viewed.
Some emerging applications offer the promise of growth to billion-dollar levels within a decade. Already, eye tracking systems are used in detecting fatigue and sleepiness in operators of heavy machinery, such as mining vehicles. When the technology moves to the consumer automotive market, growth could be explosive. In gaming, eye tracking will allow control in first-person shooter games with unprecedented speed. A gamer will need only glance at a target while pressing a button to shoot. Already, laptops are available with built-in eye tracking technology for gaming. Smartphones are available that allow control such as scrolling by eye movement.
Some of the greatest opportunities are in market and advertising research. The development of inexpensive eye tracking systems that combine webcams and online platforms will allow virtually any small or medium-sized business to conduct market research online, where subjects from all over the world can be tested from their homes, without the need to travel.
Nevertheless, there are limitations to today's eye tracking technology. The tools cannot, for example, determine whether a subject has seen something consciously or unconsciously, or whether they have seen something in peripheral vision. They also cannot tell why users are looking at an object, whether their gaze is an indication of interest or repulsion. Basically, the tools say relatively little about a user's thought processes, but an emerging solution to this problem lies in neuromarketing, the combination of eye tracking with other sensors, such as ECG, EEG and particularly facial expression analysis. The combination of several modalities in neuromarketing promises to be as fundamental a breakthrough in this decade as eye tracking is today.
Eye tracking is a relatively mature technology; most significant technical obstacles have already been resolved. The only major hurdle at this time is user education and awareness. The eye tracking industry today has only scratched the surface of the opportunities facing a uniquely versatile and useful technology.
Established industry players are opening up markets, and will most likely be successful in doing so, but it is largely the smaller players and startups that are pointing the way to billion-dollar markets, by finding opportunities and rapidly developing inexpensive products and services to serve those markets. In many cases, the smaller and less costly eye tracking tools will, as expected, compromise accuracy and resolution. However, this can be compensated for in market research, for example, by reaching vast numbers of test subjects at very low cost, allowing even greater reliability and accuracy than many in-lab studies.
Thintri's market study, Market Opportunities in Eye Tracking, examines the leading technical solutions to eye tracking, new and established applications, and forecasts the development of these markets to 2022. | <urn:uuid:0d535bb9-f255-4dbd-afa0-689d369cb5d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.giichinese.com.tw/report/tti338409-market-opportunities-eye-tracking.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00322-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931341 | 1,300 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Master the skills required to work as an Electrocardiogram (EKG) technician in a variety of clinical settings, including hospitals and physicians’ offices.
EKG technicians work in physician offices, hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities, and are responsible for performing electrocardiogram tests to monitor and record electrical impulses transmitted by the heart.
The Berkeley College Electrocardiography Technician Training program focuses on administering and interpreting EKG tests. In addition, students will learn to prepare and educate patients prior to collecting valuable diagnostic data used to determine heart function. Learners will use machines to monitor the electrical conduction of the heart, acquire EKGs, prepare patients for stress testing, and simulate how to apply Holter monitors. The program also includes background information on anatomy and physiology of the heart, medical disease processes, medical terminology, medical ethics, and legal aspects of patient contact.
Individuals with a high school diploma or its equivalent are welcome to enroll in this certificate program.
All topics explored in the Medical Emergencies and Electrocardiography (EKG) training program prepare learners for the Certified Electrocardiography Technician (CET) certification examination offered through the National Healthcareer Association (NHA), as well as for Basic Life Support (BLS) for Healthcare Providers certification through the American Heart Association.
The following costs are included in the fee for the EKG Technician Training program:
- Certified Electrocardiography Technician certification exam offered through the NHA
- Certified Electrocardiography Technician certification exam review
- Basic Life Support (BLS) for Healthcare Providers certification offered through the American Heart Association
- Basic Life Support (BLS) certification exam review and training
- Required E-texts
- Lab fees
This 9-credit program is offered in a combination of online and onsite instruction. Learning takes place on campus for the Medical Emergencies and Electrocardiography course, which can be taken at any New Jersey campus where the course is offered. The EKG Technician Training program can be completed in one semester.
Credit hours from the completed certificate program may be applied toward credits for a degree program offered within the College’s School of Health Studies.
- MED1130 - Medical Emergencies and Electrocardiography (15-weeks | 3 Credits)
- HEA2200 - Medical Terminology (15-weeks | 3 Credits)
- SCI1120 - Human Biology (15-weeks | 3 Credits)
IMPORTANT NOTICE: Students in the Continuing Education programs and courses are not eligible for Berkeley College grants, scholarships, financial aid, VA benefits, or career assistance. | <urn:uuid:725ebe41-92d4-4f72-b905-00513f3647e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ce.berkeleycollege.edu/public/category/courseCategoryCertificateProfile.do?method=load&certificateId=1030961 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.911149 | 563 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Who We are?
Launched on 24th June 2004 by a group of young community development professionals, human rights activists, trade unionists, researchers, media professionals, and concerned citizens, Participatory Development Initiatives (PDI) is a not-for-profit and non-governmental organization working in Pakistan. The organization is engaged in advocacy, campaigning, community awareness, mass mobilization, participatory community development, participatory research, and networking on the local, national, and global issues negatively affecting the lives and livelihoods of the poor communities, especially women. PDI is registered under Societies Act 1860.
THE MEDIA CENTER
Taking serious note of the warning issued by UNESCO that Brahui, the only ancient Dravidian
Cyclone PHET hit the coastal areas of Pakistan on June 6-7 2008 wrecking large-scale damage
Taking serious note of the warning issued by UNESCO that Brahui, the only ancient Dravidian language in Pakistan faces serious threats of extinction; Participatory Development Initiatives (PDI) jointly with Actionaid Pakistan and Brahui Academy Quetta organized a national level seminar on Brahui Language and Literature on May 11-12, 2014 With the theme of „literature for peace? the two day seminar was organized in Arts Council of Pakistan Karachi. About 175 delegates including Brahui, writers, researchers, scholars, poets participated in the seminar. The seminar was presided over by Nawabzada Mir Lashkari
Our Success Stories | <urn:uuid:87de4aca-4088-4822-83b2-1dc490393ccb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pdi.org.pk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.920067 | 312 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The history of time management starts with the industrial revolution. The concept has evolved slowly but steadily to the modern notion of time management, such as doing things effectively to gain control over one's life.
slide 1 of 5
In the Pre-Industrialized World
Until the mid-18th century, most people led simple one-dimensional lives as small-scale farmers, anglers, or artisans, and their work output depended on natural forces such as the sun and the wind. The concept of time management depended on agricultural tempos, tides, weather, and seasons. For instance, daylight hours determined work hours, inclement weather determined holidays, and productivity depended on the vicissitudes of the growing season. The sun and the moon determined timekeeping.
The industrial revolution and subsequent developments enabled humans to harness nature for their ends. Big machines in factories ended the dependence on the weather, and the invention of electricity and deployment of artificial lighting rendered the concept of daylight hours insignificant.
The invention of mechanical clocks made it possible to manage time, but the notion of time was still different from what it is today. The earliest of clocks could keep time to the second, but most early clocks came only with an hour hand and indicated time to the closest quarter hour. People in the early industrial revolution still did not consider accounting for their time to the second to be important or necessary.
The concept of time management started to gain impetus in the 19th century because of many factors:
The advancements in the Industrial Revolution led to a shift from an agrarian economy to an industrial trade-based economy and raised the need to manage time well. Success in the new world order depended on the timely trading of goods.
The development of a postal service, the arrival of the telegraph, and the subsequent spread of railroads all required precise time keeping and raised the importance of time-related values of productivity and speed.
The enlightened views of scholars and scientists such as Isaac Newton began to gain ground. Isaac Newton's ideas about the disciplined working of the universe strongly influenced the thought and science of the age, and people began to discipline their lives likewise.
Credit for establishing the importance of time management goes to Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin. Thomas Jefferson installed a clock that had a dial with three hands to indicate hours, minutes, and seconds to schedule indoor household chores. Benjamin Franklin’s famous views on time and management included advice such as “Time is money," and “Time is the stuff of which life is made."
Inspired by such leaders and enlightened thought, society then began to consider timeliness as a sign of maturity, and the wearing of a watch symbolized a child's entry into the time-conscious world of grownups. By the 1830s schools started to enforce punctuality, organizing school hours and lessons by the clock, punishing lateness, and awarding certificates for punctuality.
The pre-19th century workmen balanced work and home-based duties by doing them intermittently, akin to the approach based on flex-time and telecommuting today. The spread of factories and standardized work hours led to work and home becoming two distinct entities. With lesser time available for home chores, the concept of managing time better received impetus. Catharine Beecher’s “A Treatise on Domestic Economy," published in 1847, deals with household habits designed not to waste time and became a bestseller of the times.
While the 19th-century workmen had rigid schedules, the 19th-century businessmen were flexible in managing their time. Their typical time scheduling involved three hours of business duties, with the rest of the day spent on government, church, and other social obligations.
slide 3 of 5
In the Early 20th century
The history of time management in the early 20th century ran parallel to the evolution of management science. Taylor’s scientific approach to management, aimed at shop management, centered on the principle of effective time management. He laid the cause of inefficiency to his workers' tendencies to work slowly, without any incentives to work fast. He advocated establishing specific work targets and paying workers for the tasks and goals met. This mandated better usage of time and became the basis for modern time management approaches.
The subsequent emphasis on multi-tasking, workplace flexibility, and dual-income families mandated striking a balance between work and home responsibilities. All these considerations raised the importance of time management as a critical discipline.
Fourth generation: The fourth generation of time management approach is the contemporary approach. This approach, like the third generation approach, aims at prioritizing various tasks and events, but aims at prioritization based on importance of the task rather than the urgency. This approach also concentrates on the efficient and proactive use of the various time management tools.
The traditional time management approaches advocate doing things effectively to gain control over lives. While this held true in the past, Stephen Covey advocates a principle-centered approach to time management by doing the right things rather than doing whatever is in front faster. | <urn:uuid:7d081f7b-9c16-4e30-93f3-22b223aded38> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brighthub.com/office/home/articles/76908.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958418 | 1,027 | 3.75 | 4 |
How to Maintain Your Car While in Storage
There may come a time when you need to store your vehicle for an extended period. This can happen for a number of reasons, including international travel, a license suspension, illness or the lack of a need to drive. Storing your vehicle isn’t as simple as putting it in a lot or garage and coming back to pick it up a year later. Vehicles that sit in one place for extended periods can crack, fade, rust and otherwise begin to degrade. If the car isn’t periodically driven around, the tire rubber will begin to break down, the brakes can fail and the engine can experience a number of problems. Therefore, if you’re going to store your vehicle, knowing how to protect it can save you a great deal of money.
1. Store The Car Indoors
Your best bet for long-term storage is an indoor facility with a cool, dry air quality. Many private storage companies offer garage space, but if you’re going to be away from the car for longer than a few weeks, it’s important to find a facility that offers periodic driving services. This means that a licensed worker from the garage will take your car and drive it around every once in a while, which is very important for keeping everything operating as it should. You will have to pay a bit more for this service, but it’s crucial if you don’t have a friend or family member who is willing to do it for you.
If you absolutely have to keep your car outdoors, know that there will likely be some damage. Storing your car outside is never the best option, but if you have no other choice, a thick and well-tied tarp will help reduce damage from the elements.
2. Check Fluids Before Storing
Always flush and refill all of your important fluids before storing the car. This includes doing an oil change and putting in a fresh filter. If you leave any airspace in the fluid compartments, you will have a greater chance of rust. You can also buy a fuel stabilizer, which will prevent the breakdown of any gasoline that is sitting in your tank.
3. Take Extra Measures For Long-Term Storage
If you will be leaving the car for longer than a year, it can be helpful to remove the battery and clean all of the surrounding connections. You will also probably want to jack the car up off the ground a bit, as this takes pressure off the tires and prevents them from going flat. Completely removing the tires is also an option, but not if you want the car to be driven while you’re away. Also, consider removing the windshield wipers. If you don’t, they could be fused to the glass by the time you return.
4. Guard Against Pests
Even if you choose an indoor parking facility, you could still face an infestation. Mice and other small pests love to find warm places to sleep, including the inside of your car. You won’t be able to seal every opening, but if you cover the tailpipe, it can discourage pests from entering. Moth balls are also helpful. If you live in an area where these animals present a major problem, talk to the owner of your storage facility and check if they offer any sort of pest-control solutions. | <urn:uuid:75a71343-1db0-4426-b034-49d6fda2574d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://practicepermittest.com/blog/how-to-maintain-your-car-while-in-storage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00518-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953495 | 690 | 1.632813 | 2 |
B2 grammar points - Chinese Grammar Wiki. "B2" (Upper Intermediate) is the fourth level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki.
It is roughly equivalent to HSK Levels 4-5. There are 152 total grammar points in the list below. Parts of Speech These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category. Adjectives Adverbs Auxiliary Words Conjunctions Nouns Particles Prepositional Phrase Prepositions Sentence Patterns Verbs Auxiliary verbs Verb phrases Grammatical Structures These are grammatical structures that do not correspond neatly to just one particular part of speech. Adverbs with Adjectives "But" Statements Cause/Effect Statements Complements Conditional Statements "Even If" Statements "If" Statements "No Matter" Statements Either… or Let alone Not only… but also… Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point?
Separate Functions. Measure words. Measure words Exercises Other terminology: 量词. 1.
How many measure words are there? There are four kinds of measure words. 1. (mw for nouns) (mw for actions) yì zhāng piào èn yí xià 一 张 票 摁 一 下 A ticket. 2. Sān píng jiŭ 三 瓶 酒 Three bottles of wine. 3. Qī tiān 七 天 Seven days. 4. 三 寸 Three inches. 2. Measure words (category 1) are needed in the following situations. When a quantity is involved, for instance, if you use a number in front of a noun. Tā yŏu yìbĕn hányŭ shū nă ge lăoshī jiāo nĭmen kǒuyǔ 他有 一 本 汉语 书. He has a Chinese book Which teacher teaches you the spoken language? 3. The following sentence pattern shows how a measure word is used with the object of the sentence. s. v. number/这/那/每/哪/几 +mw+ description of 的 noun I have three books which can be used for teaching foreigners (to learn) Chinese. 4. The question word 多少 doesn't need a measure word, where as 几 needs one. zhōngwénxì yŏu duōshao ge xuésheng 中文 系 有 多少 (个) 学生?
How many students are there in the Chinese department? 他写 了 (一) 个字 他作了 (一) 些 练习. 自然语言处理及计算语言学相关术语中英对译表_博命生涯-CSDN博客. Chinese Notes — Grammar 中文笔记 - 语法. 鼠标悬停可以看词的英语和拼音；点击中文词可以看词的详细中文和英文数据。
Mouse over to see English and pinyin for a Chinese word. Click the word to see full details in Chinese and English. 目录 Contents 导言 Introduction 汉语句子中可以有六种句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 Chinese sentences can have six types of elements: subject, predicate, object, attributive, adverbial adjunct, and complement. 句子可以分单句和复句。 Sentences can be divided into two classes: simple sentences and compound sentences. 汉语里一个汉字代表一个音节。
In Chinese one Chinese character represents a single syllable. 汉语的词可以分成实词和虚词两大类。 Chinese words can be divided into two kinds. 虚词包括副词、介词、连词、助词、叹词和象词六类。 Function words include six kinds: adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, particles, interjections, and onomatopes. 附类是词头和词尾两种构词成分。 Affixes include prefixes and suffixes, which can both be used to construct sentence elements. 词类 Parts of Speech 名词 Nouns 名词表示人或事物名称。 Nouns express the names of people or objects. 名词本身一般没有单数和复数的分别。 In general, nouns do not inherently have a difference in singular and plural forms. 动词“是” Chinese word order - Chinese Grammar Wiki.
Also known as: sentence order, 语序 (yǔxù) and 词序 (cíxù).
You may have heard that word order in Chinese is very similar to that of English, and compared to a language like Japanese, it is. Fairly quickly, though, you'll start to realize that there are quite a few ways that the word order of even relatively simple sentences simply don't match in Chinese and English. The honeymoon is over; you're going to have to work just a little bit to master Chinese word order. The Basic SVO Sentence On this level, Chinese word order very closely matches English word order. This concept shouldn't take long at all to master, but you can see more examples in our basic sentence order article. Adding extra information to a sentence More details can be added to the basic sentence structure.
Placement of time words in a sentence Time words, the WHEN part of a sentence, have a special place in Chinese. Placement of place words in a sentence Exceptions to the normal placement of place words Before 很: 他 很 喜欢 吃 包子。 Books. Chinese Grammar Wiki. Chinese Grammar » A grammar guide for people learning Mandarin Chinese. Chinese Grammar Wiki. | <urn:uuid:c24dab18-f293-4aa7-a5a4-7a524b66002e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.pearltrees.com/matthewcarter/grammar/id16613897 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.846005 | 1,580 | 2.984375 | 3 |
The choice of tactics for the treatment of migraine depends on the frequency and severity of headaches. In patients who do not abuse drugs, but suffer from frequent weak and rare, but severe headaches (for example, with a combination of migraines with tension headaches), prophylactic and emergency treatment may also be effective.
When to treat a migraine?
In general, patients usually notice greater relief from treating low-intensity headaches. For this reason, patients should be advised to start treatment in the early stages of a headache attack, rather than waiting for the development of severe debilitating headaches, drastically reducing work capacity.
Allodynia is an important clinical sign of severe migraine. When a patient develops allodynia in a migraine attack (for example, a feeling of pain in the scalp, pain when wearing glasses or headphones, is more sensitive to touch, pressure, heat or cold), it significantly reduces the effectiveness of pain relief.
For example, the use of sumatriptan in a migraine attack before the onset of symptoms of allodynia is effective in 93% of patients, and with the development of signs of allodynia – only in 15%.
It is noteworthy, but in patients with the rapid development of allodynia in migraine attacks, which cannot be controlled by triptans, intravenous administration of ketorolac is effective. And patients who did not respond to ketorolac therapy had a long-term experience with opioids. Proved that long-term use of opioids activates neurogenic mechanisms that inhibit the action of drugs relieving migraine pain. Based on this information, the following recommendations have been developed:
• triptans should be used at the very beginning of a migraine attack – until clinical signs of allodynia appear;
• symptomatic treatment for developed allodynia, or additional therapy, should include cyclooxygenase-1 or -2 inhibitors, such as ketorolac or indomethacin;
• opioid administration to migraine sufferers should be strictly limited. | <urn:uuid:00907a54-cf5d-49b6-9c35-87f481226c74> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stop-headaches-now.com/blog/the-scheme-principles-of-the-treatment-of-migraine-when-to-treat-a-migraine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.911247 | 412 | 3 | 3 |
The Great Exhibition of 1851: a Nation on DisplayJeffrey A. Auerbach
Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1999, vii+279pp
ISBN 0 300 08007 7
Dr. John R. DavisSenior Lecturer in European History
School of Humanities, Kingston University Robinson College, Cambridge
A scholarly history of the Great Exhibition these days is both a welcome and a brave undertaking. Welcome, because despite the fact that the event has been a commonplace of school history teaching and a recognisable landmark for historians of the nineteenth century, it has not been appreciated in a three-dimensional manner. The hagiography of contemporary accounts, the generational revolt of mid-twentieth century historians, and post-colonial distaste for things Victorian have all prevented this - despite valiant corrective efforts by Asa Briggs, Paul Greenhalgh, and Utz Haltern. Brave, because the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, to give it its full title, was just that: a huge and monumental enterprise, of importance in art, science and technology, of political, economic and social significance, and involving not just a huge swathe of British society, but elements from just about the whole globe. To bring the Exhibition back to us in all its glory (and perhaps ugliness) is an exercise of vast complexity and scope.
Jeffrey Auerbach's superbly packaged and well-researched book represents a significant step towards reappraising the Great Exhibition and recapturing its true meaning. Its main remit is to explore and identify the Exhibition's cultural value. This it does, in a way that is erudite, sensitive to detail, and yet also accessible and even entertaining. Divided into three general sections devoted to the making, experience and legacy of the Exhibition, Auerbach's account is drawn from archival material held at the Royal Society of Arts and the Royal Commission of 1851, the private correspondence of Royal Commission members, newspapers and journals, and countless literary and private sources. It argues persuasively, that the Great Exhibition was given a multiplicity of meanings; both by its organisers, as a way of achieving support for the event, as well as by its audience. The Great Exhibition's success - it becomes clear - owed in part to the great conversation that it caused.
In this respect, Auerbach's book is helpful. Rather than portraying the Exhibition simplistically as a grand demonstration of national prowess fuelled by vanity, or as a covert imperialist plot, or even as a piece of bourgeois propaganda in the face of grinding poverty, it shows that a whiff of all of these characteristics and also many others surrounded the event in Hyde Park. Faced with the uphill prospect of generating support for the Exhibition - Auerbach counters the notion that it was popular from the start - and funding difficulties, a situation not dissimilar to the Greenwich Dome, the organisers of the Great Exhibition carefully chose to accommodate public concerns and anxieties to a great degree. The original desire of the group at the Society of Arts, which came to include Henry Cole, Charles Wentworth Dilke and John Scott Russell, to raise the standard of design of Britain's industrial produce in an artistic and scientific sense, was soon accompanied by Prime Minister Lord John Russell's concern to celebrate commercial liberalism and Free Trade, the liberal view of the advantages of the British political and social model, the East India Company's conviction of the wealth of the empire in terms of raw materials, the Church's belief in God's benevolence, and so on.
The result of this situation was a display with a variety of purposes and often containing discordant themes. Hence, the Exhibition could incorporate elements of patriotism and even bigotry while trumpeting the value of internationalism and universal peace. The original intentions of the close circle round Prince Albert were overlaid by those involved in the Exhibition's wider organisation. Further interpretations were offered by press and public, and were not rejected but instead tolerated and even courted by the Royal Commission. As Auerbach concludes, the meaning of the Great Exhibition can not be reduced to one explanation alone. Another result was the popularity of the Exhibition: while observers disagreed with each other, the compromises of the Royal Commission ensured that people talked about it. Negative reactions were also valuable in rooting the Exhibition in the national consciousness.
The heart of Auerbach's argument is that the variety of interpretations put forward and the discussion that took place regarding them was a major event in the formation of a British national identity. A nation, as he puts it, was on display. There were a variety of ways in which the Exhibition provoked further disintegration and partition in British society. For example, Auerbach shows how class-consciousness became more defined as a result of contact at the Exhibition and London's difference from the provinces was revisited during the process of its organisation. Certain sectors of British society were excluded from the discussion - notably the radical working classes and much of Ireland. Protestants and Catholics renewed old antipathies in their critiques of Gothic furniture or their commentaries on differences between southern and northern European exhibits. And, as mentioned, contradictions abounded in the message broadcast from the Crystal Palace in its original setting. However, despite all this, in general, the Exhibition and the discussion surrounding it helped create and disseminate a loosely defined set of values. A consensus of sorts about what was British was the result.
Auerbach's book has many strengths. In terms of content, it pays due regard to the process of organisation of the Exhibition, often shirked by historians, perhaps on the (erroneous) assumption that the subject is a dry one. As Auerbach shows, local committees were sometimes in danger of being hijacked by Chartists, included women's fund-raising activities, and were played off each other by the Royal Commission in its attempt to drum up support via local rivalry. The archival correspondence on this subject provides an intriguing spotlight on local politics and issues, and the way in which local elites were exploited by the Royal Commission to drum up support for the Exhibition. The comparison of local committee fund-raising with electoral returns is useful in showing the umbilical link between the Exhibition and political liberalism - even while the Exhibition organisers tried to paint the event as a non-partisan, national affair. The process of organisation is, as Auerbach shows, important in terms of dictating the way the Exhibition finally looked. This also extends to the subject of funding, which is also given consideration, and the fact that, in order to avoid accusations of sleaze, the Royal Commission had to throw the whole project upon public charity, which, in turn, meant allowing the public a say.
The book is highly illustrated, and the images are apposite and fascinating. They include, for example, razor sharp cartoons from Punch, which drew much inspiration and mirth from the Exhibition's hypocrisies, but was generally won over to the event, maps showing how the Exhibition's success depended to a degree on recently-constructed railway lines, beautifully coloured reproductions of the display from Dickinson's and other picture books, examples of Crystal Palace memorabilia, demonstrating the Exhibition's imprint in a commercial sense, and photographs showing the smouldering remains of the building after its destruction by fire in 1936.
Overall, the work contains a great deal that is of value in terms of research on the Great Exhibition, and also provides a fascinating read for the general reader. Auerbach has provided more detail than perhaps any other writer so far on the public discourse in relation to the Exhibition's organisation and its reception. The central thesis, that the Exhibition provided an opportunity for the British to discuss themselves, and to air views on moral, social and political questions, with the result that there was some overall integrative effect, is useful and thought-provoking. It carries forward with detailed literary and cultural research ideas raised by Walter Benjamin, Utz Haltern, Ingeborg Cleve and others.
Putting forth a historical thesis and substantiating it always involves the danger of selectivity or over-emphasis - the reduction of the three-dimensionality of an event - especially if a book is still supposed to be marketable and readable: providing all angles on a topic and simultaneously presenting an argument with its requisite evidence is a tough task, and this is particularly the case with such a multifaceted event as the Great Exhibition. It would also, perhaps, be unfair to criticise Auerbach's book for not being something the author never intended: this, after all, is a look at the Great Exhibition's value as an exercise in self- reflection on the part of the British. It is to this purpose most of the book's structure is directed. This is the point of much of the evidence that is provided. Finally, it has to be said that Auerbach has made a brave effort to encompass as much in the way of explanatory background as feasible. His discussion of, for example, the aesthetic debates of the mid-century, or the possibility of a second industrial revolution, is appreciated.
Yet one does feel that the momentum of the book allows certain contextual elements to appear as undeveloped and that, in some cases, a more defined treatment of these would aid rather than hinder Auerbach's thesis. Take, for example, the social question. In the first half of the book, the reader is given a detailed history of the organisation of the Exhibition and the way in which the guiding forces of aesthetic reformers, the Society of Arts, Prince Albert and the Government came together. While this is certainly contextual information, the question is somewhat allowed to hover in the reader's mind as to what the driving force was which brought these actors together. Later on, it becomes clear that concerns about the social divide arising from industrialisation were an important part of this. However, an initial discussion of the social and political context in Britain might have helped. Aesthetic reformers were afraid of the social consequences of declining standards of design, and were convinced that aesthetic education bred social harmony just as increased profits would put food on the table. The governments of Peel and Russell faced an ugly social situation in the 1840s, and were desperate to rebuild respect among the masses for government and to dispel the rift that had opened between the manufacturing classes and the landed interests. The continental revolutions in 1848 created a real sense of paranoia in political circles in Britain, and concentrated many minds on the value of an event that could uplift and unify the whole country.
One figure to whom the social question was apparent was Prince Albert. Auerbach correctly notes Albert's reluctance to become involved in the Exhibition at first - in contrast to the popular wisdom of its being his project. Yet this stemmed not just from a finely tuned sense of the fragility of his own position in British constitutional life but also a conviction of the situation of weakness of the monarchy as an institution in Britain. A well-rounded depiction of Albert's position was rather needed, and one wonders if this had to do with the omission of the Royal Archives at Windsor from an otherwise impressive list of archives visited. The Royal Archives collection held at the Royal Commission of 1851, which was used, though it is voluminous, is essentially the weeded-out official material. Albert's personal thoughts are recorded in the private correspondence at Windsor. Certainly, behind Albert's apparently flippant responses to the fears of Frederick William IV of Prussia that the Exhibition might spark off revolution lay an acute awareness of the political message his involvement in the project was sending to the people, as well as to absolutists abroad. Once the Exhibition's popularity was assured, he moved to support it openly, in the knowledge that this would constitute a new venture for the monarchy, and that this was an urgent necessity in Britain at this time. The monarchy would be seen to be dirtying its hands in industry, and working for the good of the masses. This would extend beyond the symbolic to a personal involvement quite repugnant to foreign monarchs: Queen Victoria's presence at the opening ceremony, walking unprotected before thousands of people, caused a sensation abroad because it was a death-defying show of confidence of the monarch in her people as well as a demonstration of the unity of the monarchy with industry.
Another subject, which might have been given earlier priority, and firmer treatment, was Free Trade. Auerbach is right to point out the equivocation on this subject of the Exhibition organisers. They were keen to include all sections of Britain in the project, for financial reasons as well as to help calm social differences, and so resisted connections of the Exhibition with Free Trade in their rhetorical pronouncements and any official correspondence. Still, one senses an ambiguity in Auerbach's own identification of the Exhibition as a Free Trade exercise. Indeed, the early stages of the book tend to deny the link, whereas the latter affirm it. Perhaps this arises from a reluctance to accuse the Exhibition organisers brazenly as dishonest on this score - as arguing that the Exhibition had nothing to do with Free Trade, when it obviously did. Auerbach points out, for example, that notable protectionists were included on the Royal Commission. However, here again it feels rather as if the bull is not being grasped by the horns. The mere facts that Peel was not only involved from the start, but also served as an important back-room fixer in the early stages of the Exhibition's organisation point to a concrete connection with Free Trade. Peel also served as a conduit to Lord John Russell, the Prime Minister, who was seriously worried by the danger of a protectionist backlash at this time, and was keen to see something done which would consolidate the Free Trade legislation of 1846-8. Yes, the Royal Commission included Lord Stanley for the non-Peelite conservatives. But it has to be said that Stanley's protectionism was weak, and his credentials as a spokesman for landed interests were already being publicly questioned. The Exhibition would serve for him, as well as for many other conservatives (including Disraeli), as the scene of his conversion to Free Trade. Auerbach is right to point out the efforts the Exhibition's organisers undertook to include all parties, but what Peel, Russell, and even Albert, were aiming for was a new consensus in the wake of the transition to Free Trade; in other words, to perpetuate it.
The social question and Free Trade are two dimensions of Auerbach's book which might have been confronted more squarely, had the work not been configured so strongly round its integrative thesis. The same reason appears to have caused another aspect to have been dropped altogether: namely, the international angle. The book does talk about foreigners. However, the discussion revolves solely round the image British people had of foreigners, with a view to showing how they felt they differed from them. In other words, the aim of showing how British prejudices and views on foreigners helped forge a sense of national identity, which Auerbach fulfils superbly, drives the treatment of foreign involvement in the Exhibition: how foreign countries arranged their exhibitions, what foreigners thought of the event, and the impact it had abroad, are omitted. This is rather unfortunate, perhaps, as it tends to support one of long-held popular notions about the Exhibition; that it was a British affair. Readers today have to be reminded that half of the building was devoted to foreign goods, even a large part of the British section consisted of imperial produce. The Exhibition's organisers - and Albert particularly so - were concerned not just that British manufacturers should see foreign artistic produce, but that the Exhibition should have an economic and political message abroad, and thus they went to great lengths to involve foreign countries. The post-revolutionary economic and political circumstances in North America and Europe, arguably, meant the Exhibition had results there greater than might otherwise have been the case - for example in terms of technology transfer or the stabilisation of regimes. The title a Nation on Display is apposite in terms of Britain's view of itself and the formation of a sense of 'Britishness'. But it might equally have encompassed foreigners' perceptions of this moderately liberal, industrialised and commercially permissive country. Indeed, Auerbach might have acknowledged Haltern's argument that while it served as a spring-board for internationalism in many forms, and was arguably an important milestone in the process of globalisation, the Great Exhibition also did much to solidify senses of national unity and divergence abroad, and not just in Britain.
One or two other elements fell prey to the need to argue the Exhibition's integrating value. The Exhibition's classification system is given some solid treatment, though the way it arose from the London committee of selection is not. The jury system is not treated in great detail, possibly because it of its complicated nature, possibly because it constituted one of the most concrete examples of international collaboration, and may have clouded the issue. Beyond a brief discussion of the technology revolution, economic aspects of the Exhibition are downplayed - though this is a common feature of historical literature on exhibitions, where economic results are hard to quantify. The treatment of the political legacy of the Exhibition, in terms of its success in securing exactly what Albert, Peel and Russell had hoped - a new liberal consensus - could be more biographically detailed.
To some extent, then, Auerbach's book does not allow the Exhibition to speak for itself. However, it more than succeeds when it comes to arguing its case that the Exhibition was an important stage in the development of a British national identity. Here it is a solid, thought provoking and satisfying piece of scholarly work, and should attract the attention of cultural and political historians of the nineteenth century. It is also destined to reach a wide readership. Its thesis will help the re-evaluation of the Great Exhibition after 150 years of partial treatment.
The author did not responded to this review | <urn:uuid:4c30749c-d125-48d3-8798-aa8e4e7b22c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Focus/Victorians/davisJ.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00211-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971768 | 3,640 | 2.5625 | 3 |
LE POINT – "Her tragi-comic story explains how France produces the worst English teachers in the world"
L’EXPRESS - "Absurd, ill-adapted, discriminatory. And dramatically funny…The French university system seen through the half naïve, half incredulous eyes of an American. The reader laughs a lot and concludes that reform is urgent.”
EDUCATION REVIEW - "Sorbonne Confidential...has messages for an American audience as well... By taking on an institution that began before the American Revolution, the book demonstrates how systems can develop around programs, allowing them to self-perpetuate without regard for their impact on schools and society...an argument for the power and importance of teacher education". | <urn:uuid:1f9db61f-69ea-4e97-89b7-6bcaf7495cbb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://laurelzuckerman.typepad.fr/sorbonneconfidential/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00021-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908885 | 153 | 1.5 | 2 |
If you have a smartphone, there’s a really good chance that you have taken at least one “selfie”. Sharing photos of yourself with your friends and family online can be a fun form of self expression but what if you could change a life with all of those selfies? What if you could use your “Selfless Selfies” to make a real difference? The Donate a Photo App created by Johnson & Johnson in will help us do just that — help someone in need.
This post inspired by a campaign to help spread the word about the Johnson & Johnson Donate a Photo App via The Motherhood. Although I am being compensated for participation, I am excited about continuing to use the app to share my daily #SelflessSelfie and make a difference!
Download the Donate a Photo App!
The Donate a Photo App is available for both iOS and Android platforms in the GooglePlay and iTunes AppStore. Please, visit donateaphoto.com to find out how to download the free Donate a Photo app and register to get started. Once the App is downloaded, it is super easy to share a photo to help a cause. Just create an account then tap the “donate” button to upload your photo. Be sure to connect to Facebook and Twitter in your profile — when you share your uploaded photos on your social media accounts, it’s a great way to encourage our friends and followers to get involved in helping the causes we care about.
How does sharing a photo help? For every photo shared through Donate a Photo, Johnson & Johnson will donate one dollar to one of its non-profit partners*, you will be able to choose a cause from a rotating list. And, you can donate a photo once a day – every day — so your contribution can really add up over time! I love browsing through everyone’s photos and it’s nice being able to see how many people have donated a photo to each cause as well as how close we are to the goal.
Who does your photo help? Johnson & Johnson has curated a list of trusted causes, and you can donate a photo to one cause, once a day. Each cause will appear in the app until it reaches its goal, or the donation period ends. If the goal isn’t reached, the cause will still get a minimum donation. The $1 that your photo represents will be used to do things such as get medicine for an infant, fix up a public park or send students to nursing school. Once a cause reaches its goal, a new cause takes its place so you will always have a list of worthwhile causes to choose to donate a photo to.
On July 28th, the Donate a Photo campaign added three non-profit partners to the rotating list of causes:
PFLAG: All funds donated through the DAP PFLAG cause go to provide materials (brochures, flyers etc.) for anti-bullying sessions. These sessions reach students, teachers and school leaders with messages about cultivating respect and keeping schools safe for all.
Girl Up: All funds donated through the DAP Girl Up cause help provide outreach efforts to girls, parents and community leaders, provide literacy, numeracy and livelihood training to out of school girls, and helps establish local PTAs to champion girls’ education in Liberia. These efforts help girls return to and stay in school, often after years of absence.
Safe Kids: The Safe Kids Safe Roads initiative aims to teach children and parents about bike helmet and car seat safety. The program achieves these goals both through in-school sessions, as well as through awareness efforts via online promotions and social media.
I don’t particularly like sharing selfies but I will do it to help my cause! Luckily, we can use photos of our kids and other meaningful images besides just selfies. I’ve been donating my photos to the “Restore a Public Park” cause. Our public park does so much good for our community and our families have so much fun and memories there that I feel strongly that public parks should be an important place for everyone to care for.
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Justice Scalia, in his dissent in MCCREARY implies that "monotheism" has some type of constitutional privilege over non-monotheistic religions, at least in the context of government endorsement of monotheistic, over non-monotheistic religions. In that opinion he writes:
Besides appealing to the demonstrably false principle that the government cannot favor religion over irreligion, today's opinion suggests that the posting of the Ten Commandments violates the principle that the government cannot favor one religion over another....That is indeed a valid principle where public aid or assistance to religion is concerned...or where the free exercise of religion is at issue...but it necessarily applies in a more limited sense to public acknowledgment of the Creator.
If religion in the public forum had to be entirely nondenominational, there could be no religion in the public forum at all. One cannot say the word "God," or "the Almighty," one cannot offer public supplication or thanksgiving, without contradicting the beliefs of some people that there are many gods, or that God or the gods pay no attention to human affairs. With respect to public acknowledgment of religious belief, it is entirely clear from our Nation's historical practices that the Establishment Clause permits this disregard of polytheists and believers in unconcerned deities, just as it permits the disregard of devout atheists. The Thanksgiving Proclamation issued by George Washington at the instance of the First Congress was scrupulously nondenominational, but it was monotheistic.
Let me try to explain what I think is going on in Scalia's head. He is willing to entertain the notion that the Establishment Clause does more than forbid a national Church, that government may indeed be forbidden from favoring one sect over another in its mere acknowledgments, and he is looking to the historical record for evidence. What he finds is that all of the first four Presidents, like the Declaration of Independence, commonly invoked God in their public pronouncements. But he also finds that their invocations were "scrupulously nondenominational," so much so that they hardly can be termed "Christian" or even "Judeo-Christian." As Scalia notes, "This is not necessarily the Christian God (though if it were, one would expect Christ regularly to be invoked, which He is not)" and,
All of the actions of Washington and the First Congress upon which I have relied, virtually all Thanksgiving Proclamations throughout our history, and all the other examples of our Government's favoring religion that I have cited, have invoked God, but not Jesus Christ.
Scalia instead dubs him "the God of monotheism." And further notes, "[t]he three most popular religions in the United States, Christianity, Judaism, and Islam -- which combined account for 97.7% of all believers -- are monotheistic."
So Scalia doesn't really answer whether it is constitutional for government to endorse in its mere acknowledgments, one Christian sect over another, Christianity over Judaism, or Christianity and Judaism over Islam...but instead he concludes, based on the historical practice of the first four Presidents, it is constitutional to endorse "monotheism" over "non-monotheism." Monotheism therefore is a Lowest Common Denominator among Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
With respect to public acknowledgment of religious belief, it is entirely clear from our Nation's historical practices that the Establishment Clause permits this disregard of polytheists and believers in unconcerned deities, just as it permits the disregard of devout atheists.
Scalia then connects such "monotheism" with the Ten Commandments themselves.
All of them, moreover (Islam included), believe that the Ten Commandments were given by God to Moses, and are divine prescriptions for a virtuous life....Publicly honoring the Ten Commandments is thus indistinguishable, insofar as discriminating against other religions is concerned, from publicly honoring God.
Here is the fatal flaw in Scalia's argument. He fails to include "another" monotheistic tradition within the Lowest Common Denominator, arguably the most important tradition for purposes of this discussion because it happens to be the personal religion of the first four presidents he mentioned: theistic rationalism. And the theistic rationalists did not necessarily believe that "the Ten Commandments were given by God to Moses." Nor did they ever say so in their public invocations of God.
These Founders did believe in a God, in fact believed that reason discovered God exists and grants men unalienable rights. But reason, not revelation is where ultimate truth is to be found. And these Founders disbelieved a great deal of revelation which they regarded as either unreasonable or unproven. And Moses divinely receiving those Commands was one of those truths about which our Founders were highly dubious.
For instance, here is Jefferson in an 1824 letter to Adams:
Where did we get the ten commandments? [The Bible] itself tells us they were written by the finger of God on tables of stone, which were destroyed by Moses; it specified those on the second set of tables in different form and substance, but still without saying how the other were recovered. But the whole history of these books is so defective and doubtful, that it seems vain to attempt minute inquiry into it; and such tricks have been played with their text, and with the other texts of other books relating to them, that we have a right from the cause to entertain much doubt what parts of them are genuine.
Adams likewise doubted that we had the right version of the Ten Commandments.
When and where originated our Ten Commandments? The Tables and The Ark were lost. Authentic copies, in few, if any hands; the ten Precepts could not be observed, and were little remembered.
If the Book of Deuteronomy was compiled, during of after the Babilonian Captivity, from Traditions, the Error or Amendment might come in there.
– John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, Nov. 14, 1813.
There is nothing in the private writings or public acknowledgments of the two other Presidents that contradict Jefferson's and Adams' sentiments here. They were all men of reason. Therefore, if we include the creed of the first four Presidents as part of the lowest common denominator of monotheism, we would have to exclude the notion that the Ten Commandments were divinely given by God.
What we would be left with in our LCD is this: There is a God; He grants us unalienable rights; He is concerned about human beings and will intervene, especially if we don't respect the unalienable rights of others and nothing more. The first four Presidents never more specifically defined God's attributes when publicly acknowledging Him.
In other words, a generic natural religion founds America's public order. "Nature" meaning what is knowable through reason, not revelation. Revealed religion is to be consigned to the private sphere of society (as Harvey Mansfield, Michael Zuckert and Walter Berns argue that our Founders, after Locke, intended).
"Natural religion," as it were is the religion of "all good men." And it does not teach that God revealed the Ten Commandments to Moses. Reason never "discovered" or "confirmed" that. | <urn:uuid:b7053fa5-2844-4bde-b8b2-3742611b6fc0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://americancreation.blogspot.com/2008/08/justice-scalia-on-american-civil.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00475-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961355 | 1,478 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Record high prices not helping many gas station operators
Published 7:00 pm, Saturday, April 19, 2008
Record fuel prices might seem like good news for gas stations, but it turns out that many are feeling the pain of ,100 oil right along with U.S. drivers.
Last year, gasoline retailers saw profit margins from fuel sales fall to their lowest point in 24 years as surging oil prices boosted the cost of buying gasoline and diesel, higher credit card fees cut into profits and competition increased from discount retail chains.
Today, some operators - which often are independent of the big-name companies that produce oil and refine it into fuel - are even losing money on certain fuel transactions.
The situation has turned the traditional gasoline retailing business on its head, prodding filling station owners to turn their attention from the pump to the inside of the store, where sales of coffee, lottery tickets and cigarettes are becoming more important.
"It's no longer, you set up a store and you make money," said Azam Zakaria, president of Lone Star Petroleum, a Houston firm that owns 30 gas stations and operates 100 more in Houston and around the state. "You have to micro-manage everything now."
The idea that gas stations could be struggling when fuel prices are so high may seem contradictory. Gas stations, after all, are the public faces of oil companies like Exxon Mobil Corp. and Chevron Corp., whose profits have broken records in recent years.
But many of the nation's nearly 170,000 gas stations are independently owned - even many of those with a familiar oil company's brand name - and have no stake in the production of gasoline or crude oil. They simply buy fuel and sell it.
Typically, retailers mark up gasoline by 12 to 15 cents per gallon to pay for overhead expenses and clear a profit. In other words, if they buy gas at ,3 a gallon, they might charge ,3.15 at the pump.
Why every penny counts
That difference is known as the gross profit margin - the amount they earn before expenses are subtracted.
But gas retailers' net profit - the bottom line figure after expenses - has eroded sharply as costs have risen and competitive challenges have increased in recent years, said Dan Gilligan, president of the Petroleum Marketers Association of America, an industry trade group in Arlington, Va.
"If a retailer could net one penny per gallon, he'd be thrilled," he said.
The sharp run-up in crude oil prices has swiftly pushed up the wholesale cost of gasoline for retailers at a time of weaker gasoline demand, making it hard to pass through the higher costs to customers.
Discount chains sometimes sell gasoline at or near wholesale cost to draw customers to their main retail stores. That limits the power of competing gas stations to raise prices. And as more customers pay with plastic, credit card fees are taking a bigger bite out of profits.
Those fees are now running close to 10 cents a gallon, cutting deep into profits on gas sales, said Tom Kloza, chief oil analyst at the Oil Price Information Service in Wall, N.J. The fees, coupled with other rising costs, have brought many operators to their knees, he said.
"I know there is a tendency to believe that every industry overstates their woes," Kloza said. "But in the case of pure gasoline retailers, they are truly woe-begotten."
In 2007, higher gas prices helped convenience store industry sales reach a record ,577 billion, but profits fell 29 percent to ,3.4 billion, largely because of higher credit card fees, the Association for Convenience & and Petroleum Retailing reported last week.
Credit card fees swelled 15.2 percent to ,7.6 billion, and are now more than double the gas and convenience store industry's profits, the Alexandria, Va.-based trade group said. Credit card fees surpassed industry profits for the first time ever in 2006.
In 2007, gross profit margins for fuel sales slipped to 5.2 percent, their lowest level since 1983 and within striking distance of a record-low 4.2 percent in 1981, when the economy was in recession, the group said.
The downward trend in profitability is one that Mohammed Ali Dhanani has witnessed firsthand. Dhanani, an owner of a large gasoline retail and distribution company in Houston, said the gas retailing business is being hit from all sides.
Labor costs are up. Oil companies are charging more for plus and premium gas, cutting into another historical profit center. Gasoline freight charges are climbing. And customers, now paying more to fill up vehicles, are pulling back spending on profitable in-store items like bottled water and fountain drinks, he said.
"It's like everything is going against us," Dhanani said.
In response, Dhanani and other local operators have tried to find new profit centers within the old business of selling gas and groceries. They say they've had success with "co-branded" gas stations that also feature fast-food chains, as well as with upscale coffee bars and better car washes.
At a Texaco station in The Woodlands owned by Petroleum Wholesale, a cigar connoisseur can chose from hundreds of options. "We may have, arguably, the largest humidor in the state of Texas," said John Cook, CEO and owner of Petroleum Wholesale, which owns or supplies about 150 area stations.
The last resort
But the challenging climate has also forced some operators to cut their losses and close stores. Last year, for example, Valero Energy Corp., the nation's largest refiner, sold 42 company-owned stations that company spokesman Bill Day said were "small, underperforming or otherwise weren't a good fit for our retail system." Zakaria, with Lone Star Petroleum, said he also has had to jettison stores.
The hope is that volatile energy prices will stabilize long enough for retailers to pass through higher costs and bring better profits from fuel sales, which historically account for 70 percent of a gas station's sales and one-third of profits.
Last week, however, energy prices continued their upward climb, with crude oil topping ,112 per barrel for the first time and gasoline prices continuing to set records.
On Friday, the national average price of a gallon of regular unleaded gas stood at ,3.37, up nearly 60 cents from a year ago, according to a survey of gas stations by AAA and the Oil Price Information Service. The average in Houston Friday was ,3.29, up from ,2.71 a year ago.
The Energy Department predicts that summer's driving season and higher crude costs could push gasoline prices above ,4 per gallon.
Higher energy prices likely mean gas retailers will be squeezed even more in the weeks and months ahead.
"They better be making money on the Slim Jims, Little Debbie cakes, coffee and deli items," Kloza said, "because if they are relying on gasoline profits, they are in trouble." | <urn:uuid:d0117f06-806d-472e-9a7d-d47bfab2e921> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mrt.com/business/energy/article/Record-high-prices-not-helping-many-gas-station-7490096.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00168-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963746 | 1,438 | 1.59375 | 2 |
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Transcript of Logical Fallacies
if it has not been proven wrong, then it must be right, or vice versa
Ex: No one has ever proven the easter bunny doesn't exist - he MUST be real; this new system of healthcare has never been implemented - obviously, it's not going to work.
Ad ignorantium -
appeal to ignorance
does not follow; the premise & the conclusion are unrelated – the conclusion may be true or false, but the “proof” is unrelated or nonsensical
Ex: You argument is wrong because my foot is toast; Person 1: Hey, you wanna go swimming? Person 2: I've got a lovely bunch of coconuts.
Ad populum -
a distraction from the actual argument at hand
Ex: Tim and Bob are arguing about health care reform. Tim asks "how can we afford NOT to provide preventative medicine in this country?" Bob responds, "I don't know about that - I believe in freedom-why would you suggest something that is opposed to freedom and free-choice?"
because it has always been this way, it must be right; also includes appeals to authority
Ex: We have never had woman president, so we will never have a woman president; Democracy is the only form of government we've had, so it's the only one that makes sense.
Ad verecundiam -
appeal to tradition
Fallacies of False Reasoning
the newest ideas must be the correct ones simply because they are new
Ex: Twitter has to be the best way to communicate, it's the most recent medium; Have you heard of the new bio vac diet? It's the best way to loose weight!
Appeal to novelty
if everyone believes it or accepts it, it must be true
Ex: Everyone thinks the iPhone is the best phone, it has to be because everyone has one; Jumping off a bridge, because everyone else is...
argument based on mis-representing an opponent's position; first, a complex argument is simplified, then the person attacks the simplified argument, rather than engaging the complexity.
Ex: In a debate, Bob gives a detailed description of 20 different ways people in today's economy find themselves temporarily jobless, and Tim responds, "Well, as you can see here, Bob is interested in giving handouts and making welfare queens."
Straw Man Argument
speaker suggests that there are only two options, when more exist
Ex: If you're having relationship problems you only have two options: A, Drink or B, Get the hell Out! ; You can either plea guilty to the charges or rot in this jail cell for the rest of your life.
making a claim that assumes what you are trying to prove; saying the claim is true without proof; "leading the witness"
Ex: You've got to be interested in me, right? You want to do this, don't you? You committed the crime, didn't you? Why wouldn't you want this beautiful diamond?
Begging the Question
comparing two things that are not similar or comparable
Ex: Presidential candidates are just like every day people
Ex: Going through the TSA is like going to a day spa
assuming the worst possible outcome for a cause
Ex: If this girl doesn't call me back, I'm going to spend the whole night alone, then I'm never going to get a date, then I'm going to have to move back in my parents' basement and become a crazy cat lady and a brony and no one will ever love me again, except other bronies...
Ex:If my paper is late, my world will end.
“after this, therefore because of this;”
false cause; confuses a chronological (sequential or time-based) relationship with a causal one (cause effect), or vice-versa;
The idea that B happened after A, so A must cause B
Ex: That guy started smoking pot, then three months later, I found him being a prostitute on the street. It must have been the drugs...
Ex: The rooster crowed, then the sun rose, so the rooster causes the sun to rise.
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc
related to inductive reasoning; stereotyping; using too small a sample size as proof
Ex: I saw a homeless man get drunk with money I gave him for "medicine" - all homeless men are liars
Ex: My one blond friend doesn't know anything about politics - blonds can't do political science
Fallacies of Personal Attack
name-calling; personal attack; casting doubt on the ethos of an opponent/speaker/argument instead of addressing their opposing ideas
Ex: You shouldn't vote for the other candidate because he is a liar and a thief.
Ex. Sally is a poopy head.
Ex. Tim doesn't believe in family values, that makes him an atheist who's going to hell.
Ad Hominem -
to the person
someone or their ideas are suspect because of who/what they are associated with or share qualities with
inverse is “Honor by Association”
in which something/someone in an argument is considered to be reputable because of its/their associations
Ex: You were caught with some kids who were doing drugs, so you must be a drug user too.
Ex: You're in that charity organization, so you must do service for the community all the time...
Guilt by Association
These hurt your credibility and your ethos.
Be on the lookout for these in your persuasive argumentation
Do people perform speeches with these? Yes all the time, part of the reason politicians are thought of as "liars" or users of "empty promises"
Being aware of logical fallacies is part of being an ETHICAL speaker and listener.
- Errors in Logical Reasoning
Comm. pgs: 54-58
Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy:
Occurs when someone has tons of data about a given topic, but chooses to draw a circle around a very small set of that data in order to prove their point (Similar to the idea of "cherrypicking data")
Whenever you use a persuasive argument in order to prove your point, the issue of logical argumentation comes up.
A good, logical argument:
Uses good premises
(ones you believe are true and which are relevant to the subject being discussed.
Provides good support
for your conclusion
Addresses the most important or relevant aspects
of the issue at hand
Does not make claims that are unable to be supported | <urn:uuid:96c62054-9606-4ca8-8436-8a6b6fccd5c3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://prezi.com/v9unouc0udth/logical-fallacies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00108-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943625 | 1,524 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Every year, thousands of individuals take the courageous step of reporting their rape to the police. They overcome the terrible, misplaced social stigma of being the victim of sexual violence. They overcome the warnings sometimes uttered by the rapist to keep silent. They overcome the suggestions that these issues ought not to be spoken of, and they speak up.
The forensic examination of their bodies, the crime scene, typically takes four to six hours. The evidence is then collected in a “Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kit” — a rape kit.
Experts estimate there are hundreds of thousands of rape kits sitting untested throughout the country. Over the past several years, this rape kit backlog has become a fixture in the national media, with reports coming from multiple cities and municipalities of untested rape kits piling up in police and crime lab storage facilities.
Each kit represents a missed opportunity for justice.
We know rape kit evidence is an invaluable investigative tool for a country that has struggled to respond adequately to sexual assault. When tested, rape kit evidence can identify an unknown assailant, confirm the presence of a known suspect, affirm a survivor’s account of the attack, connect a suspect to other unsolved crimes, and exonerate innocent suspects. And yet, hundreds of thousands of times, a decision is made not to process the evidence. Even when a member of law enforcement does send a kit to the crime lab for testing, it can sit for months — and in some cases, years — before being processed.
If testing kits represents a chance for justice for survivors and accountability for offenders, not testing kits represents the opposite.
Of all violent crimes in the United States, rape has the lowest reporting, arrest and prosecution rates. According to FBI crime data, rape has a 24 percent arrest rate — the lowest in nearly 40 years of tracking such information. This means that a survivor of rape has a one in five chance of seeing the perpetrator brought to justice. It also means that a rapist is likely to get away with the crime and, in many cases, to rape again.
We have seen the difference that testing every rape kit makes. New York City cleared its backlog of 17,000 kits, and now tests every kit booked into police evidence. Proof of the value of testing every kit: the city’s arrest rate for rape has jumped from 40 percent to 70 percent.
Detroit is another city that now faces the massive task of processing its untested kits — more than 11,000 kits. After a National Institute of Justice grant allowed the first 500 kits to be tested, 32 potential serial rapists were identified.
From those first kits, prosecutors have already secured two convictions, and traced assailants to assaults in 11 additional states and the District of Columbia. Florida is one of those states. That means that had Detroit’s kits been tested after being taken into evidence, an attack might have been prevented in Florida. It turns out one city’s backlog is a threat to public safety in all communities across the country.
We are greatly encouraged that the federal government is making the reduction and elimination of the nationwide rape kit backlog a priority. After President Obama’s request that Congress allocate dollars to reduce the backlog, both the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate have included $117 million for Debbie Smith DNA Backlog Reduction Grants in their fiscal year 2014 spending bills. The bills specifically instruct the Justice Department to prioritize the reduction of untested rape kits.
In these harsh economic times, this is a critical investment that will save lives, prevent suffering, hold rapists accountable and allow jurisdictions to provide justice for survivors — it also has the power to bring much-needed healing.
This funding can make the difference between getting a violent offender off the street and letting him go free to harm again. Florida’s congressional delegation has an opportunity to support full funding for rape kit reform as the budget moves through Congress. On behalf of survivors who deserve justice, communities across the country are counting on their support.
We must eliminate this backlog. We must give survivors the justice they deserve. We must hold dangerous assailants accountable. The stakes are simply too high. To learn more about efforts to end the rape kit backlog, go to: www.endthebacklog.org.
Sarah Tofte is the director of policy and advocacy at the Joyful Heart Foundation, founded by actress Mariska Hargitay. | <urn:uuid:2ca83707-2290-4dd1-8122-d087d7429af7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tbo.com/list/news-opinion-commentary/work-to-end-the-rape-kit-backlog-20130830/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00145-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952236 | 889 | 2.5625 | 3 |
1. Planning process
The one thing that business owners need to learn is what is the role of your web designer. A lot of business owners just trust their web designers to develop their complete digital strategy and that is not what they do. The primary function of a web designer is to design your website, but they are not a business developer. They are simply a designer just like a graphic designer designs graphics they design on the web/internet. Ask your web designer what knowledge they have about developing your business online and if you could see the examples of what they have done.
A lot of business owners just jump in and hire a designer to build their website they will make their business successful online. This is simply not how it works. My advice is that you need to do thorough planning. Start with researching how many people are searching for your product or service in your city on Google and Facebook. To see this for Google you must go to Google Ads and sign up for an account. Then go to keyword research. Type in all the words that could describe your business and search it in the area that you want to sell your products or services. For Facebook, you must sign up for Facebook business and then do the same search.
Get to know your online audience through this method. You need to know what your audience numbers for search and social media are. This is step 1 of planning for your website.
2. Website strategy
Once you have the correct numbers for your industry you can plan your website strategy. What type of design will suit your industry? Go look at the top 10 businesses in your industry and how they have chosen to design their websites.
The strategy will require knowledge and I would suggest that you follow this route. Look at the top-ranked business in your industry. Look at the bottom of their website and see who designed or developed their website and digital strategy. Try to meet these people and get a quotation from them to give you advice on digital strategy. This will help you for many years to come.
It is more costly to redesign your website every three years than planning it well from day one.
3. Choosing a domain name
The biggest step to being successful online is choosing a name. Check on Bluehost.com to see if your domain name is available? Once you have bought your domain name you can set up WordPress which I believe is the best free solution for small businesses. I will share more about this in the article below.
4. Choosing a good hosting company
My recommendation is BlueHost. They provide great service and have a good track record. They have an easy signup process and you can set up everything yourself. The advantage is that you can then manage your hosting and emails but if you need help you can always ask Kanoobi to help you.
You must remember that this is very important because it takes a lot of effort if you want to move your website in the future. Take some time on this and make the right choice.
More articles for starting an online business:
How To Start A WordPress Blog On Bluehost
How I made $2945 in February 2020
10 Highest Earning Blogs in 2020
10 Best Financial Blogs in 2020
5. Web Design
I always recommend that one start off by looking at colors. What are the primary colors in your logo and start by using those? Then I look at fonts. What fonts complement my business and logo. Then I look at images. What images advance the look and feel of my logo and business.
Take some time to get creative and first create a look and feel for the website before you start populating content. Build the basic page and menus for the website in WordPress. WordPress is very easy to install on Bluehost and there are many guides on how to do this.
I use a theme for WordPress called Divi. This is by far the best theme out there as it gives you design freedom and you are not limited to a theme where a lot of the changes you want to make are tied in the theme.
Trust me I have been working with WordPress for more than 10 years. You want to work with Divi from Elegant Themes.
6. Google Business & Traffic
Once you have completed your website and everything is working as it should, you need to sign up for Google Business for your website. This will give you a local listing for your business on Google maps and display your business in your area.
The best way to drive traffic to your website is by SEO or paid advertising. For local businesses, I advise using Google Ads or Facebook.
7. Social Media
People always ask me what social media accounts they should open? My advice is all of them. This also helps with SEO. See below. SEO is the process of ranking your website on Google. So when it comes to social media I advise opening everything you can and share all the content with images on your website to all your accounts.
It is very important to post all of your content to your social media accounts. This is called social tagging. So when you do a new blog, make sure you post it to social media.
8. Local SEO
I am going to give you 5 amazing tips for local SEO. The first one is the optimize your WordPress website with All in One SEO plugin. It is a free plugin for WordPress. Fill in the information that they require you to and save. The second tip is to optimize your images before you load them onto your website. You need to name your images by doing the following. Take the top 10 areas in your city as well as your city name and type those along with your products or services and the area as a name for the images. For example, if you sell fencing in Miami it would be: fencing-miami.jpg
Make sure that all your images are named and try to cover all the areas that you want Google to find you in. The next tip is then to create pages for each one of those areas and use the correct image for that area. This is called the localizing of your content. The next tip is then to go to your Google business listing and load all the images for the areas there. The last tip is to take your business description and details and the images for the areas as well as your logo and list your business with as many as possible business listing websites in your area. Try and free live links for your website on these business listings
Now you might ask why? Just try it. It works. Send me an email when you start raking at the top in your city.
Blogging is probably the most underused tool for local businesses and it is the most powerful one. I encourage all the businesses that I work with to make use of blogging. Share the knowledge that you have in how-to articles and your business will skyrocket as you have never seen it. It is also a great Google ranking tool when you regularly publish good content about your industry or trade. Google will start recognizing you as an authority voice in your industry and trade and give you higher rankings for that.
Share your knowledge with the world. Google will love you for that.
Recommended article: How to start a blog | <urn:uuid:56ecfaaa-db9a-4486-9710-11e806edf0ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kanoobi.com/tag/10-things-every-small-business-website-needs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.959102 | 1,475 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Dental bonding is a cosmetic procedure where a custom-tinted composite resin is applied onto the tooth’s surface to repair a variety of minor flaws. It is a cost-effective option compared to veneers and crowns and hardly requires to shave down healthy tooth enamel. The resin used is a putty-like material that is easy to mold into your desired shape and size, thus giving you the kind of smile you want.
The bonding process starts with your dentist in phoenix roughening the surface of the tooth and then a conditioning fluid to help the resin stick is applied before finally applying the resin. It is then sculpted to your desires and then a light is use to help it cure and dry. For a natural look and feel, it is smoothed out again and trimmed if necessary. This whole process could take between 30 to 60 minutes per tooth, depending on the extent of damage being repaired.
Tooth bonding is a simple procedure but has the ability to greatly improve both appearance and function of a tooth. Some common problems it can help fix include:
If you suffer from severe staining or discoloration that cannot be corrected with teeth whitening treatments, then you can consider dental bonding. Some internal stains like those caused by prolonged use of certain medications or the use tobacco cannot be bleached and therefore the best thing you can do is cover them using composite resin.
For this situation, you will still undergo the whitening treatment and then any teeth that are still stained can be covered-up with composite resin the shade of the surrounding teeth. However, keep in mind that the composite resin material used is porous and if you continue with habits like smoking, the bonded teeth will also stain and take a yellowish appearance.
If your tooth has suffered a chip or crack but is otherwise healthy, a cosmetic dentist near you can improve it through dental bonding. The composite resin will be used to fill in the missing areas of the damaged tooth. Bonding can also be used to change the size and shape of a tooth. If you have an irregularly shape tooth or a tooth that is too small, the resin is applied and then sculped to the shape and size you want.
Fixing a chipped, cracked or irregularly shaped tooth not only improves appearance of your smile but also improves function. You however need to keep in mind that bonding will not correct alignment or bite problems. So, if the shape and size of your teeth is causing you to experience problems such as pain when chewing, you may have to consider an alternative treatment.
Do you have gaps or spaces between your teeth that you find unattractive? Since bonding can be used to adjust the size and shape of your teeth, this can help cover any gaps between your teeth that you do not like. The procedure is mostly performed on the front incisor teeth. This is a fairly simple and faster process compared to orthodontic treatments like braces that may take up to 2 years to complete. With bonding, the dentist only needs to add a few millimeters of composite resin to a tooth and this will seal any gaps.
Patients with small cavities in areas of the tooth not exposed to high chewing pressure can also use bonding in place of fillings. Dental bonding is not recommended for large fillings since the composite resin material used is not capable to withstand excessive force or discoloration.
Are you looking for a composite bonding dentist near you? Visit us today at All in One Benso Family Dental or book your appointment today. We have a dedicated team of professionals ready to serve you and ensure you get quality and effective treatment at all times. You will also be advised on the appropriate aftercare and maintenance to ensure you get the most from the procedure. | <urn:uuid:5164ef66-9f8b-4281-916b-53cf36375f48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dentalallinone.com/under-what-situations-is-cosmetic-bonding-right-for-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.949408 | 766 | 2.03125 | 2 |
A list of Welsh dialect words compiled by Edward Anwyl, proofs of an article by A. W. Wade-Evans on Fishguard Welsh, and notes by T. C. Evans ('Cadrawd') on dialect words and phrases of mid-Glamorgan.
- For more information, email the repository
- Advice on accessing these materials
- Cite this description
- This material is held at
- ReferenceGB 210 NLW MS 2474B.
- Alternative Id.(alternative) vtls004333078(alternative) (WlAbNL)0000333078
- Dates of Creation[1885x1914] /
- Name of Creator
- Language of MaterialWelsh, English.
- LocationARCH/MSS (GB0210)
Scope and Content
Formerly known as Anwyl 54.
Title based on contents.
Preferred citation: NLW MS 2474B.
Other Finding Aids
The description is also available in the Handlist of Manuscripts in the National Library of Wales, Volume I (Aberystwyth, 1943). | <urn:uuid:465a07fa-65f6-4f8b-9e2d-8550d4a8f170> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/aa9e8550-3767-3566-9646-1dfbbf6e59e1?component=86f0dbad-14b3-384e-9838-1151cb37fe84 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.775679 | 287 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Great title to this post, but not an original one – it belongs to the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) as part of a significant announcement.
Specifically, the FAA has issued restricted category type certificates to a pair of unmanned aircraft systems (“UAS”), a milestone that will lead to the first approved commercial UAS operations later this summer.
The full press release can be access here and reads:
The newly certified UAS—Insitu’s Scan Eagle X200 and AeroVironment’s PUMA—are “small” UAS weighing less than 55 pounds. Each is about 4 ½ feet long, with wingspans of ten and nine feet, respectively.
The major advantage of having type-certificated UAS models available is that they can be used commercially. The Scan Eagle and PUMA received Restricted Category type certificates that permit aerial surveillance. Until now, obtaining an experimental airworthiness certificate – which specifically excludes commercial operations—was the only way the private sector could operate UAS in the nation’s airspace. Previous military acceptance of the Scan Eagle and PUMA UAS designs allowed the FAA to issue the Restricted Category type certificates.
A major energy company plans to fly the ScanEagle off the Alaska coast in international waters starting in August. Plans for the initial ship-launched flights include surveys of ocean ice floes and migrating whales in Arctic oil exploration areas. The PUMA is expected to support emergency response crews for oil spill monitoring and wildlife surveillance over the Beaufort Sea.
Issuing the type certificates is an important step toward the FAA’s goal of integrating UAS into the nation’s airspace. These flights will also meet requirements in the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 that define Arctic operational areas and include a mandate to increase Arctic UAS commercial operations.
The practical benefits speak for themselves and are hopeful for commercial applications. From a legal authority, UAVs will now operate under 14 C.F.R. 21.25, which defines the range of permissible operations, including agricultural (spraying, dusting, and seeding, and livestock and predatory animal control); forest and wildlife conservation; aerial surveying (photography, mapping, and oil and mineral exploration); patrolling (pipelines, power lines, and canals); weather control (cloud seeding); aerial advertising (skywriting, banner towing, airborne signs and public address systems); and any other operation specified by the FAA.
Big news. Big development. | <urn:uuid:810000b3-3fb5-46c4-8e2d-7f448badc90d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://droninglawyer.com/2013/07/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.920911 | 521 | 2.21875 | 2 |
The United States Department of Commerce and the European Commission have agreed on a set of data protection principles and frequently asked questions (the “Safe Harbor Principles”) to enable U.S. Companies to satisfy the requirement under European Union law that adequate protection be given to personal information transferred from the EU to the United States. Consistent with its commitment to protect personal privacy, Intellum adheres to the Safe Harbor Principles.
For purposes of this Policy, the following definitions shall apply:
“Agent” means any third party that uses personal information provided to Intellum to perform tasks on behalf of and under the instructions of Intellum.
“Personal information” means any information or set of information that identifies or is used by or on behalf of Intellum to identify an individual. Personal information does not include information that is encoded or anonymized, or publicly available information that has not been combined with non-public personal information.
“Sensitive” means personal information that reveals race, ethnic origin, sexual orientation, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, or trade union membership, or that concerns an individual’s health. In addition, Intellum will treat as sensitive personal information any information received from a third party where that third party treats and identifies the information as sensitive.
Corporate Accounts: Intellum enters into learning management system (“LMS”) services agreements with its clients in the EU and clients with operations in the EU (“EU Clients”). Each EU Client may, at its discretion, upload personal information about its employees into the LMS or contract with Intellum to do the same. The way in which this personal information is used within the LMS is then at the discretion of the EU Client. As such, each EU Client agrees and recognizes that it is the ‘data controller’ for the purposes of data protection legislation. This means that the EU Clients are responsible for complying with the data protection legislation in the relevant Member State national law. Any data provided by an EU Client to Intellum is only disclosed to non-Agent third parties at the request and direction of the EU Client as the data controller, or when required by law. Any information that EU Clients identify as sensitive will be treated as such
Individual Accounts: Intellum, via its Course Store service, provides the ability for the creation of individual accounts. It is possible for an EU citizen to create one of these accounts. Upon registration, certain personal information is required such as first name, last name and email address. The personal information obtained during the registration process and during the individuals use of the Course Store service is only used by Intellum and its Agents to fulfill the service(s) to which the individual has subscribed. Credit card information is also obtained during registration. This information is processed at the time of the registration and saved remotely via the Braintree Vault service. No credit card information is stored on Intellum servers except for the last four digits of the card to be used as a transactional reference.
Intellum will take reasonable precautions to protect personal information in its possession from loss, misuse and unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration and destruction.
Intellum has a Compliance Manager who is responsible for the internal supervision of Intellum privacy policies. Intellum also has a team of technicians to handle data security. Intellum continuously educates its employees about compliance with the Safe Harbor Principles and has self-assessment procedures in place to ensure its compliance. Intellum will conduct compliance audits of its relevant privacy practices to verify adherence to this Policy. Any employee that Intellum determines is in violation of this policy will be subject to disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment.
Any questions or concerns regarding the use or disclosure of personal information should be directed to the email address given below. Intellum will investigate and attempt to resolve complaints and disputes regarding use and disclosure of personal information in accordance with the principles contained in this Policy. For complaints that cannot be resolved between Intellum and the complainant, Intellum has agreed to participate in the dispute resolution procedures of the panel established by the European data protection authorities to resolve disputes pursuant to the Safe Harbor Principles.
This Policy may be amended from time to time, consistent with the requirements of the Safe Harbor Principles. All amendments will be added to the Intellum webpage dedicated to this Policy. | <urn:uuid:a74fc930-51f3-43b3-bc2f-90c59bab537a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.intellum.com/safe-harbor | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00090-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931129 | 904 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Check out the following articles from our Deflation Article Archive:
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- Why Deflation is in the Cards
- Deflation Micro vs. Macro
- Deflation and Depression Comparison
- Deflation hits the Movies
- Can the Government Really Stop Deflation?
- 1How to Protect Yourself During a Deflation- 10 Tips
- Jaguar Deflation-A Layman’s Guide to Government Intervention
- Which is Better High or Low Inflation?
- 3 Deflation Myths
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- Oil Plunges- Oil Deflation
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- Which is it Deflation or Hyperinflation?
- What to do if Deflation Continues
- The Primary Precondition of Deflation --What must happen for Deflation to take over.
- M3 is Back- (Sort Of) and Predicting Deflation
- How can we have Inflation and Deflation at the same time?
- Inflation Falls by Half- Are Happy Days really here again?
- Is a Crashing Stock Market Inflationary or Deflationary?
Use our custom search to find more articles like this | <urn:uuid:dc757cd0-4107-4e82-b285-f7d5b1d4d799> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://inflationdata.com/Inflation/Deflation_Articles.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.817752 | 268 | 2.234375 | 2 |
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Do you mention your problems to anybody? No one knows your problems until you tell somebody. Anyway, if you feel you have too much on your mind, google "compassion pit". It is a great site, and helped me several times before.
I was that girl in high school. I tried ignoring my problems, that led to a mental breakdown. I tried talking to the people who had spilled their problems to me. One girl actually said: "You need to stop being sad so that you can cheer me up." It took me a while to realize that these people were not going to be there for me the way I had been there for them. Very slowly, I cut ties. I became to busy. I found people who would listen to me, and I would listen to in turn. The gist of what I'm saying is: we all have problems. Fair weather friends shouldn't be one of them.
Unfortunately we can get caught up in feeling responsible for other people and let our own needs fall by the wayside. When we don't give ourselves enough care and are exerting energy into people who are unwilling to give back to us it's a draining situation. You need to come to the understanding first that you are not responsible for the happiness of others around you. That does not mean you should be cold or unwilling to be a good friend to someone, but it means you need to put energy into yourself and surround yourself with people who give back the kind of effort you put out. Sometimes that means giving up connections you've made already, sometimes that means being selfish. But that's okay. Sometimes we need to be selfish and take care of ourselves before we can put energy and effort into other people.
Hey Erin, I just want to say you are awesome. I've been this person for my friends over the years and I wouldn't change it if I could. I agree with the other comments saying you are not responsible for the happiness of others and that you need friends that are willing to listen to you too, but remember that you also need to surround yourself with people who will do the same for you. Also, I know it is an expression and all, but do not automatically associate rainy days with unhappiness. Dance and sing in the rain. Sometimes it feels real good to laugh in the face of the rain. Stay strong and good luck. I wish you the best.
I feel this way everyday.
And no one seems to notice ,but I always try to put on a smile and give my best advice to anyone who asks me in case they feel the way I do even if I just want to ignore them because I don't feel appreciated.
If just one person would ask me ¿But ,how do YOU feel?" it would be enough.
I am the same. Just remember this. You can always count on your friends to support you just as you support them. Test the waters by asking for help when you really need it. If they do not deliver the way you did, then they do not deserve your friendship. It is how I have found people that I would die for knowing full well that they would do the same for me.
If people don't appreciate you and appreciate your waterproof shoulders, perhaps it's time to clean out the friendship cupboard. I've done that on a number of occasions. Get rid of the dead wood, so to speak. You don't need toxic friends in your life, only real ones who will appreciate you for who and what you are. True friendship is a two way street. I moved to a city where I know no one and gee is it liberating!
Feel free to to send me an email like cfernandez715 i am always open to making new friends plus one of my favorite quotes is " your story is not mine there for it is intresting" anyways my email is BBmikef@gmail.com
To join the bandwagon, I have felt this way most of my life as well, but I love how supportive everyone here is, and it gives me faith that even if I am not actually talking to anyone on here that no matter what, people are here for me and care and understand. | <urn:uuid:f20fab23-7d71-4884-91d2-194cacab5b0f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://makesmethink.com/view/Sad/17055 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720475.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00353-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982132 | 957 | 1.78125 | 2 |
In regards to auto insurance, there are numerous different factors which will have an affect on your top quality. You may lessen your top quality by driving safely and responsibly. Other factors to look at when evaluating costs include your vehicle make and design, the worth of your car, and how you utilize it. If you frequently push extensive distances, you are more likely to be associated with incidents. In the end, The obvious way to reduce your insurance policies top quality is to find a policy that fits your requirements.
In terms of insurance policy, the common automobile operator is answerable for having to pay between $one,one hundred to more than $five,000 a year. It’s important to recognize that fees may vary broadly from condition to state. In some states, full protection expenses twice just as much as minimum amount protection. Mentioned below are a few guidelines that will help you get the most effective rate. A bare minimum legal responsibility limit is simply demanded in certain states, whilst total coverage generally features a $five hundred deductible.
Selecting the right car is very important mainly because some cars and trucks are more expensive than Other individuals, triggering larger coverage rates. Additionally, some automobiles are dearer to fix and substitute, so their insurance policy rates are usually bigger. Motorists using a thoroughly clean driving record are likely to obtain much more affordable charges. Age and gender also Engage in a component in deciding insurance plan charges. Younger motorists are typically extra dangerous than more mature drivers. Additionally, some insurers use credit scores to determine coverage rates. Nevertheless, some states have passed legal guidelines prohibiting such use.
You will find 6 basic varieties of automobile insurance policy coverages. This coverage allows you to customize your plan to deal with a variety of various situations. You may also want to ensure that you might have legal responsibility coverage. Liability insurance coverage is required by law in many states, however , you can decide on a special sort of coverage when you’d like. Liability insurance addresses you in the event you’re at fault in a collision, but In addition, it addresses other motorists in your vehicle. It can pay for Others’s damages or injuries, and it may protect health-related payments.
A normal policy will consist of numerous different types of protection, such as liability, collision, extensive, uninsured/underinsured motorist, and medical payments. These are generally all critical, and it is best to get enough of these. Some of these coverages could be obligatory in a few states, while others may not. To discover the greatest vehicle coverage coverage for your preferences, check out a site including Freeway Insurance coverage. You’ll find numerous types of coverage choices and help you save time and expense.
Every single state sets its individual minimal car coverage necessities, and these legal guidelines are broken down into 3 different numbers. In California, for instance, you’re needed to have at the least fifteen/30/five in bodily harm liability coverage, and 30/fifty/5 in house destruction legal responsibility. These quantities can vary extensively, so it is best to examine your state’s specifications ahead of driving. Whilst alternate insurance policy can be a choice, it’s not normally a good suggestion.
The least protection required by your state is generally legal responsibility protection, but quite a few lenders call for total protection. Whole coverage refers to both equally collision and thorough insurance plan, and it might be required by your lender for anyone who is funding your automobile. Liability protection handles damages to Other individuals’s residence in the event of an accident although not your own vehicle or self. Bodily injury liability and house harm liability insurance policies may be blended to give you the top coverage at an incredibly reasonable rate.
Whether you have collision coverage on your vehicle insurance policies coverage depends on your situations. Even though you may not be required by legislation to possess this coverage, lenders will possible demand it if you propose on financing your automobile. Lenders could also call for you to hold collision insurance policy For those who have a mortgage, which means that you ought to invest in complete coverage auto insurance policy. This protection is often a requirement for most people who finance a vehicle, whether or not new or used.
Collision coverage pays the entire value of your car while in the function of a mishap. When the insurance provider pays your entire expense of repairs, it might not be ample to exchange the car if it’s stolen or totaled. You may additionally need to pay out some private income to interchange the car. Should you have such a protection, make sure you fully grasp the terms and conditions prior to acquiring auto insurance policies. You should also have an understanding of the deductible, which is independent through the collision deductible.
There are various factors to consider when buying a car or truck insurance Monthly bill. Some states have to have bare minimum limits on Home and Uninsured motorist protection, which pays for that difference between your costs as well as the coverage Restrict in the at-fault driver. Other states will not require underinsured motorist protection. Below are a few tips to assist you to buy the ideal insurance plan policy for your preferences. With any luck ,, these tips could make the process a little bit a lot easier and conserve you funds.
Legal responsibility protection for automobile insurance coverage is important to be able to defend oneself plus your home against promises of harm or assets harm. This protection can cover the price of defense or settlement do you have to be discovered at fault for a collision. There are many types of coverage, so it is important to find out the difference between them to prevent high priced surprises. Condition Farm features normal prices for several levels of protection. You might come across it far more advantageous to choose a medium coverage degree.
In many states, you might be required to have liability protection as part of your policy, which addresses damages to other people’s residence and injuries to Other individuals. Such a protection also guards you in the event you cause a collision with An additional driver. This coverage will be the default plan in the majority of states, and is suggested for motorists in many nations around the world. Nevertheless, it is necessary to are aware that liability insurance policy boundaries are quite distinctive in Each individual condition. Your liability Restrict will establish just how much you will have to pay for to protect damages.
In approximately each and every condition, it is illegitimate to travel with out legal responsibility coverage, which includes property injury liability. In the event you induce harm to somebody else’s house, liability protection pays for repairs. Even so, your auto insurance policies policy won’t address your individual auto’s damages. Your point out could have unique minimum amount necessities for legal responsibility coverage, so it is vital to examine your coverage before you buy it. Property protection is also significant on your monetary stability. It can help you prevent currently being still left with massive insurance policy costs when you result in an accident.
Your insurance coverage plan must have some sort of assets injury coverage to compensate you within the function of the collision. This protection pays for any damages you cause to another individual’s automobile, such as repairs. Additionally, it pays with the removing of particles after a collision. Home coverage is often published with three numbers, which include bodily injury coverage for every accident and residence damage coverage per accident. Greater limitations, having said that, provide additional coverage. You’ll want to go through your coverage and request your insurance policies representative if you can find any exclusions or constraints.
In New York, you could claim uninsured motorist coverage if another driver doesn’t have enough insurance coverage to cover the expense of your collision. This coverage applies when one other driver isn’t recognized in the slightest degree as well as the accident is successful-and-run. The Insurance policies Law SS 5217 specifies which the uninsured motorist protection needs to be obtained in any Actual physical collision, but courts have interpreted this provision to only apply in a Actual physical collision.
Underinsured and uninsured motorist coverage are optional in certain states, but in other states, you should have them both. Obtaining each coverages will offer you extra coverage just in case you need to shell out professional medical bills or other fees. If the uninsured driver leaves you by using a damaged car or truck, the uninsured motorist coverage can pay for the repairs. Although this protection isn’t really expected, it may be a smart idea to carry no less than the minimal volume of liability protection.
If you’ve by no means regarded as it, auto coverage discount rates are a terrific way to cut costs and stay environmentally friendly. Many new cars have security options for instance airbags and anti-lock brakes that may lower your rates. You can even get more special discounts for owning basic safety characteristics in your automobile, which include daytime jogging lights or anti-theft alarms. Spending your high quality in total every year will likely eliminate payment worries for 12 months. In reality, about 50 percent of insurers provide a discount for this sort of payment.
You may additionally be qualified for discounts in the event you’ve experienced your coverage for numerous years. These savings fluctuate according to the length of time you have experienced your coverage, but quite a few providers provide reductions for staying faithful to their customers. You may be eligible for a reduction of approximately 15% if you purchase your plan a minimum of 7 times just before your renewal date. Apart from these savings, some companies even offer you discounts to People in sure occupations. For instance, teachers get ten% off their rates from Liberty Mutual. Military staff receive a 15% price cut from Geico.
Have you been a youthful driver searching for auto insurance policies affordable quotations? Here are some guidelines it is possible to follow to save money on car insurance policies coverage: Increasing your deductibles, acquiring a no promises discounted, and getting a plan having a regional insurer. The following pointers can help you save a huge selection of bucks each and every year with your vehicle insurance coverage. In addition they make it easier to get the bottom charges attainable. Continue reading to discover more. You’ll be happy you probably did!
Younger motorists can save cash on auto insurance plan by driving a lot more properly, decreasing the quantity of miles they drive, and permitting the insurance provider monitor their driving routines. It’s also possible to minimize your premiums by searching close to for car insurance plan. Numerous insurers demand a greater amount for young motorists, so it is important to shop close to. Luckily, you will find absolutely free on the net estimate comparison instruments that make this straightforward. In addition, you can ask for a reduction When you’ve got numerous cars and have them insured by the same business.
When looking for a plan, Be sure to Review various rates and choose the best worth and high-quality. You can also try to find an insurance plan agent who will improve along with you, making it possible for you to generate adjustments as your driving heritage adjustments. Ensure that you Look at guidelines that supply comparable types of coverage, as deductibles and boundaries could make a large variance. For anyone who is a young driver, It’s also advisable to get ample protection to stop money catastrophe.
Getting a no claims price cut on automobile address is a terrific way to cut costs in your rates, and it could be value inquiring your insurer how to apply it. Depending upon the insurer, the discounted could be well worth between thirty% after a calendar year to as much as 65% after five years. Understand that For those who have a collision, you can expect to eliminate two years of no statements reward. Moreover, a number of promises will even wipe out your entire no promises reward. It truly is essential to notify your insurer straight away of any incidents that you’ve, as failing to take action could signify that long run promises will be turned down.
Most insurers supply no claims discounted protection for a price of around PS25. It enables you to make a particular range of claims per annum devoid of worrying regarding your premiums likely up. It’s also doable to include it to a different policy For those who have a no statements bonus. In addition, it is possible to transfer your no claims price reduction to a different insurance company if you want. To keep your no statements low cost, you must look at switching suppliers each year or two.
When seeking a cheap auto insurance coverage quote, boosting your deductibles is a terrific way to get reduce rates. Some estimates say you can save amongst fifteen and 30 percent in your top quality by increasing your deductibles. These cost savings may vary commonly determined by your driving historical past, the type of motor vehicle you generate, along with your condition’s laws. Increasing your deductibles could also reduced your yearly premium by as much as forty%.
Whilst elevating your deductible is not the suitable selection for everybody, it will help you help save thousands of bucks in excess of the long term. Even though the quantity you decide on to boost your deductible will depend upon your economic circumstance, experts advise saving no less than two months’ worthy of of residing costs. Furthermore, it will eventually decrease your insurance charges every month. Additionally, you will help you save a substantial amount of cash when you at any time create a assert.
Getting a policy using a regional insurance company is often advantageous for motorists by using a poor credit heritage. It could help you save revenue each month on the month-to-month insurance plan Monthly bill, and you will make the most of discount rates and great customer care. Getting a plan by using a regional insurance company is accessible in all 50 states, and you can compare premiums by point out to search out the lowest charges. However, it is vital to notice that it may take a number of months to raise your credit rating rating, and many drivers using a inadequate credit record can end up paying out around $400 a yr.
Erie Insurance plan is yet another regional insurance company that provides affordable car insurance plan. This organization is located in Pennsylvania, and has long been in company since 1925. Erie delivers vehicle insurance policy, everyday living, and home insurance policy. Even though Erie only provides coverage in particular states, it’s more than 13,000 impartial insurance coverage brokers all over the United States. You may select an agent or maybe a regional insurance company In keeping with your requirements. Nevertheless, it is recommended you read through all high-quality print before you make a call.
If you are a superior-danger driver, you have to Examine car or truck insurance plan rates and find the cheapest coverage for your requirements. You should also check out simply how much coverage is on the market in your area in order to establish if a reduced fee is achievable. It might be much more economical to buy more coverage When you’ve got lower danger or if you settle for a higher deductible. All of it will depend on your needs. Fortuitously, there are several options accessible to you.
In the event you are searhing for The most affordable car or truck insurance plan quote for prime-possibility motorists, you will be in luck. You can easily uncover one particular having a handful of clicks on-line. The web can provide you with a variety of estimates for coverage at a fraction of the price of common car or truck insurance plan. Don’t just that, but it surely may even make signing up for insurance a great deal simpler. All You should do is fill out an easy on the web sort, pay back your quality, so you’re performed! The insurance provider will then print you a card as evidence of your respective coverage protection and you will have a coverage within the road.
Should you have a inadequate credit rating history, you happen to be considered a higher-risk driver by several insurance coverage corporations. This is due to you are more likely to file an insurance policies assert than the usual driver with superior credit history. Your credit rating rating is actually a Consider how insurance coverage firms view you, in addition to a earlier DUI/DWI will increase your quality by about sixty five%. This is certainly comparable to an additional $477 on a six-month coverage. Another aspect that insurers look at is your driving heritage. A DUI/DWI can raise your top quality by approximately $174, and also a speeding ticket can include as much as about forty five%.
Should you have a DUI in your document, it is possible to opt for The most affordable car insurance plan supplier. Businesses which include Condition Farm, American Household, and Progressive have some very good possibilities offering lower premiums for prime-danger drivers. Additionally they look at your credit history rating when pinpointing your high quality. Insurers look at these factors when determining the amount of you pay to your plan. A very poor credit history score can result in coverage premiums to skyrocket, so It is really critical to find out your credit history score prior to making a decision.
There are a number of things to take into account When picking the cheapest car insurance policies for younger drivers. Your age and marital position Enjoy a major function as part of your auto insurance policies premiums. The type of auto you generate may have an impact on the top quality. For instance, substantial-effectiveness automobiles are generally more expensive to insure than small-overall performance autos. Consequently, the first step find The most affordable auto coverage for young motorists is to find a car or truck with various protection options.
A terrific way to lower the cost of motor vehicle insurance policies for young motorists is usually to reduced the protection you would like. Quite a few insurers offer you reductions for anyone who is a great university student, or When you are in driver training. Nevertheless, cutting down your protection could result in huge out-of-pocket expenditures In case you have a collision. Therefore, make sure you weigh the pitfalls of this option diligently, and usually err to the facet of acquiring better benefit.
Adolescents Have a very tough time securing low-priced car insurance policy. When the cost of a plan for any 16-yr-outdated driver is way increased than that of an Grownup, it could be diminished by incorporating a teenager to an current coverage. This option boosts rates by a mean of $1,461 a calendar year, but is usually cheaper than getting a separate plan. Additionally, for anyone who is a youthful driver, search for discount rates and other approaches to save lots of.
The expense of vehicle insurance plan may differ greatly according to your profile, which can mean that you should store close to for The most cost effective coverage for low-hazard drivers. Insurers contemplate a variety of components when deciding on an insurance plan policy, including your driving record, demographics, and All round risk stage. Shown beneath will be the five most critical variables to contemplate when evaluating insurance coverage prices. Do not forget that lessen insurance coverage fees Do not signify that you have to sacrifice good quality.
To begin with, look at your zip code. These in significant-crime regions will experience increased fees. In addition, insurance coverage organizations choose visitors quantity into account. Also, ensure you do not have any accidents or statements on your record, as these will increase your rates. Finally, Remember that it is best to Look at premiums each and every six months to stop paying out in excess of You must. You should also contemplate getting a multi-coverage price reduction if you have more than one policy with a specific insurance company.
When credit history scores are not legally employed by insurers in some states, They are nonetheless significant considerations when comparing car insurance policy premiums. In Hawaii, motorists with weak credit rating can pay 168% over equivalent clean up drivers. In Massachusetts, superior-hazard motorists pay out thirty% more than clean up drivers. For new drivers, a DUI, rushing ticket, and negative credit rating will improve rates over Other people. Be sure to get a couple of rates before making a choice.
The zip code you reside in is A serious factor in the price of insurance plan. If you live in an area with superior criminal offense and accident costs, it is possible to expect to pay more for insurance policy offers. Also, variables like website traffic quantity and incident historical past can improve the expense of insurance policies. Most insurance policies corporations also check into a driver’s driving historical past to find out what amount they need to charge for their coverage. Usually, motorists by using a poor driving historical past pay far more for protection than These having a clean driving report.
Vehicle insurance plan has risen by $fifty – $100 in the final 5 years, as health care charges have already been increasing. Drivers are also necessary to carry uninsured and PIP insurance policies, which might be previously mentioned-average condition necessities. Many states only require legal responsibility insurance plan, but The big apple necessitates drivers to hold both equally. These optional coverages raise the expense of insurance, and will frequently boost the overall high quality. And lastly, drivers must Test their protection boundaries, as some policies Have got a lower minimum amount degree of coverage than others.
In Big apple, the normal particular person spends two.8 % in their money on auto insurance, which is a bit higher compared to nationwide common of 2.forty percent. Men and women of their 30s, 40s, and 50s will pay a bit fewer than the normal. The 70+ age group pays greater premiums than drivers with considerably less driving experience. Those people who are married pays somewhat higher rates, but still lower than single folks.
In combination with decreased fees, drivers also can take defensive driving courses. These lessons are 320 minutes in duration, and contain discussions of driver Perspective and visitors regulations. They also educate defensive driving techniques that may substantially reduce the expense of insurance coverage. They can also assist to improve their driving report, so finishing a training course can reduce the price of a vehicle insurance policies quotation. On the other hand, if you’re unsure about the exact coverage you need, you could Examine with the Insurance policy Information and facts Institute.
When gasoline costs vary by condition, the expense of an auto insurance quotation in other states may very well be larger or lessen than your own personal. Some elements may perhaps account for this, including The proportion of uninsured drivers, point out insurance policies guidelines, and the speed of theft. Also, the incidence of negative weather can change the expense of coverage in different states. The following desk displays typical car or truck insurance coverage premiums in numerous states. These estimates are determined by a comparison of condition insurance policy necessities.
Missouri is The most affordable condition for entire-protection automobile insurance policy, paying just $944 below Louisiana. Also, this state has one of the lowest costs for each capita, and is rated fifth in terms of price of residing. In contrast, Texas motorists fork out essentially the most for their auto insurance, paying out about 33% in their yearly profits in complete. This disparity may very well be due to The point that the state has a large amount of uninsured drivers and a lot of lawsuits.
The countrywide ordinary for full protection vehicle insurance is $one,771 a 12 months. The condition with the most costly insurance policy top quality is Louisiana, by using a high quality of $2,839, a 19% boost from 2020. Conversely, Maine’s ordinary insurance policies premium is just $858. It’s because no-fault states have increased coverage rates. The expense of a car or truck insurance policy in other states can vary considerably. There are several elements to contemplate, including your condition’s laws on insurance coverage.
If you are looking for higher-danger driver vehicle insurance plan close to me, you could be wondering ways to get a very low-Price coverage. Superior-possibility drivers fork out greater insurance plan rates than normal motorists. This is because they have an inclination to acquire much more accidents or violations on their own file. Depending upon the point out, the limit may be 3 years or 5 years. Occasionally, you can get discount rates if you’re taking a driver protection program.
While the nationwide averages for top-danger driver motor vehicle insurance policies around me are rather regular, you will find that rates differ wildly from point out to condition. Some organizations regulate their charges to unique states, so if you live in a specific condition, you might notice that one insurance company offers you the very best coverage for the minimal price. The most affordable significant-possibility driver car or truck insurance policy near me originates from Condition Farm, that has a lengthy-standing standing for offering outstanding support.
The obvious way to find a higher-hazard driver car or truck insurance policy near me would be to enter your ZIP code and Review quotes. The price of high-chance car or truck insurance policies in the vicinity of me can differ from condition to state, but most massive insurers give such protection. Some of these businesses specialize in high-possibility coverage, for instance Nationwide Typical. It’s possible you’ll even be capable of finding a cheaper plan When you’ve got excellent grades and a reduced-risk car or truck.
There are many great things about comparing automobile insurance plan providers. In this post, We’ll go over a number of The key characteristics, like ratings, special discounts, and customer care. Choosing the best policy is important for your basic safety and security, so make the effort to check different guidelines from distinctive organizations. By the time you end studying this article, you will have an concept of which insurance provider provides the best coverage at the bottom cost. Here are several suggestions to pick the right one particular to suit your needs:
To have the ideal charge, you must Evaluate car or truck coverage offers from unique firms. Insurers use numerous factors to find out the cost of insurance policies. You have to determine your unique wants and Evaluate costs from many suppliers. By way of example, sporting activities cars and trucks can Value much more to insure than conventional automobiles. On top of that, your locality and driving historical past might also affect the premiums that you are quoted. By utilizing a comparison Software, you’ll find the bottom rate on a similar protection With all the similar deductibles.
Insurance coverage rates could vary significantly, so it really is crucial to understand how Just about every coverage operates. One of the variables that have an effect on rates are driving background, age, and credit score background. It’s also possible to Examine the benefits that each enterprise offers, including roadside guidance or accident forgiveness. Although this will likely look like a daunting endeavor, it might help to check rates from unique suppliers and pick the suitable one. Listed below are some tricks to get you started out.
When it comes to evaluating car insurance policies companies, you might want to start with the J.D. Electric power vehicle insurance company rankings. These are typically based on purchaser pleasure surveys that survey Many auto insurance plan clients nationwide. The results are compiled into numerical scores that signify the businesses’ normal buyer fulfillment rating. These rankings are released every year, and the ideal vehicle insurance coverage providers in Each and every classification are awarded gold medals. But how Did you know if the companies you are thinking about are any good?
There are various methods To guage the economic power of car or truck insurance policy companies. Firstly, you could check the AM Best insurance provider ranking, which supplies economical security scores for car coverage businesses. If the auto insurance company has an A, B, C, or File ranking, it is important to know the way steady it truly is prior to selecting a coverage. This is a crucial facet of customer care, so you should definitely study the reviews and skim the high-quality print prior to making a choice.
Vehicle coverage firms present a range of reductions. Several of those special discounts may not be available for All people, so it is vital to check the corporation website to you should definitely qualify for your special discounts that apply to you. Some businesses supply various savings, and You may also request your insurance agent If they’re qualified for almost any unique price cut. Having said that, the procedure is not hard and infrequently takes fewer than an hour or so. Underneath are a few examples of probable automobile insurance plan discount rates.
Legacy Bargains: An auto insurance company may possibly offer a reduction to new drivers who order their plan by way of their moms and dads’ business. This discount is generally close to ten per cent. This is one method to thank your mother and father for your enterprise through the years, and it can save you income on your car insurance coverage coverage. Quite a few providers offer you legacy special discounts to younger drivers, and It really is truly worth examining to determine In case your insurance provider features just one. You may also explore procedures made available from American Family members, Farmers, or USAA.
Within the insurance policy sector, There are some organizations that consistently excel at customer service. Esurance, for example, scored 4 out of 5 while in the J.D. Energy rankings for customer care, a substantial mark for an organization whose mum or dad corporation doesn’t. The corporation scored bigger than its opponents in all other parts, which include plan choices and prices, together with the top quality of service provided by its Make contact with Centre Associates and Web-site.(personalized company)
The key ingredient of automobile insurance plan for the majority of consumers is its coverage, but it is the customer care that matters most. Shoppers wish to Make contact with their insurers and obtain prompt, courteous service. This means that they would like to receive a response for their e-mail and cellular phone calls promptly, and they wish to speak with an agent who’ll listen to their concerns and give methods. While all automobile insurance corporations might give superb customer care, some do execute better than Other individuals.(rideshare coverage)(just some clicks)(coverage options)
A number of components affect the premiums of vehicle insurance policies providers. Driving record and age are two key variables. A driver with a lousy driving record or even a lousy credit rating score can have greater rates. Also, the price of dwelling in your area will affect the rates. For that reason, it is important to match the rates of quite a few insurance coverage firms to discover the a person that should match your finances and your driving patterns. There are a few tips on how to reduce your premiums, for example slicing coverage or using a defensive driving course. You may also prefer to pay for an entire 12 months of protection up front.(bill on the internet)(staff discount rates)(at fault accident)(coated accident)
In addition to the above mentioned-mentioned components, many other points can improve your top quality. For example, for those who’ve not too long ago manufactured a declare or logged a traffic violation, your insurance policies supplier will reassess your rates. Furthermore, if you’re taking a secure driving class, you could be eligible for a discount. Coverage companies are consistently tweaking their styles to ascertain the prices, and you might see a variation with your premiums Even though you’ve in no way improved your driving heritage.(utilization based insurance plan)(rental automobiles)(car or truck repairs)(Risk-free driver price cut)
A car or truck insurance policies compare is a great way to keep away from disreputable insurance suppliers. By way of example, small quotes from a particular insurance provider can be deceptive In the event the quotation excludes certain protection or tends to make inaccurate assumptions regarding your driving profile. By looking up insurance policy providers’ rankings as well as A.M. Greatest rating, you can find The most affordable insurance businesses in your town. Examine this informative article to Learn how vehicle coverage compares can help you save cash. Then, get your rates through the leading organizations and see which a person is the best in your case.(accident absolutely free)
Your credit history-centered insurance rating is usually a practical indicator of just how much chance you happen to be very likely to pose, but you shouldn’t Enable it dictate your fees. The federal authorities will not enable insurers to make use of your credit rating history as the sole cause of an increase in your charges. Nonetheless, states such as California, Massachusetts, Oregon, Utah, and Vermont have legal guidelines set up that limit insurers from making use of credit heritage to determine insurance coverage premiums.(could conserve)(new car)(automobile declare)
Having said that, such a insurance coverage will not apply to each condition, so buyers don’t have any way to ascertain if a firm is utilizing your rating to choose the amount to charge them. Some states, for instance California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Michigan, do ban credit rating-based mostly insurance coverage. All kinds of other states also have limitations on the usage of credit rating-centered insurance plan scores. In the long run, you need to make your mind up on your own whether your credit rating-centered insurance policies rating is appropriate for you.(bike coverage)(roadside aid coverage)(bundling automobile)(have a automobile coverage)(pet insurance policy)(genuine hard cash benefit)(remarkable claims support)(yacht insurance policy)
Several factors impact the price of car or truck insurance policy bargains, which include age. Age impacts your amount by in excess of 30 per cent, and in certain states, a youthful driver will pay Practically 4 occasions as much as a 30-year-old. Inexperience is yet another major factor, as young adolescents are more likely to go into accidents. By knowing what elements have an affect on your rates, you may negotiate decreased charges on your own. Stated beneath are many of the ways in which age has an effect on your car insurance policy.
Generally speaking, the more youthful you’re, the lower your premiums is going to be. But In case you are a man, age does impact the expense of car insurance coverage. Whilst young male motorists pay back under their more mature counterparts, premiums for drivers in their sixties and seventies skyrocket. Statistically, males are two and a 50 % periods as likely to be associated with a car or truck crash than Girls, Hence the gender hole decreases with age.(protection solutions)(homeowners insurance plan)
The truth that a person will pay a better top quality for motor vehicle coverage than a girl is not really entirely stunning. Numerous Gentlemen make weak selections even though driving, resulting in additional accidents and claims. Nonetheless, Here are a few aspects which make Males costlier to insure. Below are a few of the top explanations why. Read on to find out more about the most popular aspects that influence car insurance plan rates by gender. And if you’re still puzzled, take into account the following tips for decreasing your premiums.(auto coverage guidelines)(car insurance coverage quotation)(car insurance coverage rate)
The Oregon Division of monetary Regulation has instructed automobile insurers to support buyers who You should not specify their gender. Discrimination in opposition to non-binary men and women could be grounds for unfair discrimination rates, and insurers have to file fees for the people drivers starting in January 2019. These fees may be better than People for male and woman motorists. As long as they’re not too much, Ladies should be able to spend less. Also, Don’t fret concerning the “non-binary” rate for youthful motorists.(automobile insurance policy claim)(gap insurance policy)(vehicle policy) | <urn:uuid:a4884c1f-928f-4276-ac7a-faecc46d1bcb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://018ok.com/car-insurance-in-elgin-pa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.953277 | 7,249 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Best Places To Visit In November. Us$76 per night for two people. Popularly known as the scotland of.
Located directly outside the great smoky mountains national park, asheville is the perfect spot to view colorful fall leaves in the mountains. Asheville, north carolina for peak colors. Taranaki volcano, new zealand (shutterstock) spring is an excellent time to visit new zealand.
Asheville, North Carolina For Peak Colors.
Best places to visit in november victoria & vancouver island. This u.s state stands to be one of the best. Staffordshire itself is a county in the west midlands with several towns worthy of a visit.
The Yoga Pavilion At Galley Bay Resort & Spa.
The top holiday destinations cumbria, uk. The following places to visit in november offer opportunities for memorable travel experiences during or around this autumn month. November is the best time to visit chile and argentina.
16 Best Places To Visit In November In World 2022 1.
Popularly known as the scotland of. Located amidst the ruins of the ancient vijaynagar empire, hampi is one of the most historically. Usa, haiti, el salvador and cuba are some of the best places to visit in november.
While Tel Avivians Are Layering Up By November, Travellers From More Northerly.
Where to go for winter sun kerala, india. Best places to travel in november cape town, south africa. Located directly outside the great smoky mountains national park, asheville is the perfect spot to view colorful fall leaves in the mountains.
Taranaki Volcano, New Zealand (Shutterstock) Spring Is An Excellent Time To Visit New Zealand.
One of the best countries to visit in november is south africa! The celtic nation is home to. Saint john’s, antigua and barbuda. | <urn:uuid:a431a710-66e7-429f-b789-95e3c30e1469> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://acehonline.info/best-places-to-visit-in-november/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.883546 | 414 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Day 01: Arrive Paro International Airport. (Alt. Of Paro: 2220m.)
Day 02: Paro-Haa (2800m: 60km)
Haa is western-most valley in Bhutan bordering on the Tibet region of China. The valley is traversed by the Haa Chhu (river) and its characteristic features are the three almost conical shaped hillocks considered to be holy by the local people - the first hillock is dedicated to Ap Chhundu, the supreme local protective deity of Haa. The Haa valley opened to tourism only in year 2002.
Overnight: Guest House/Haa
Day 03: Haa-Thimphu (2320 : 100 km)
Day 04: Thimphu
Dinner: hosted at Sonam’s residence followed by a short presentation on Orchids and Botany in Bhutan by Mrs. Rebecca Pradhan who is an expert on orchids in Bhutan.
Day 05: Thimphu-Lobesa (1210m: 70Km)
Overnight: Guest House/Lobesa (Wangdue)
Day 06: Lobesa – Rimchu/Tashithang in Punakha ( 1210m: 25 km)
After breakfast drive for half an hour to to Rimchu and then on to
Tashithang. Spend the day exploring the forests around Tashithang and
Rinchu for orchids.
Evening: CAMP in Tashithang
Day 07: Tashithang – Kamichu (1240: 30 km)
Day 08: Kamichu – Phobjikha ( Alt. 2900m: 70 km)
Overnight: local guest house
Information about Phobjikha Valley
Phobjikha is a glacial valley on the periphery of the north western tip of the Black Mountain National Park. The valley is a conservatoin area and lies on the northern boundary of the Jowo Durshing range. People sometimes refer to the entire region as Gangtey after the name of the Gangtey Goenpa that is situated on a ridge overlooking the Phobjikha valley. According to legend that the Gangtey Goenpa was founded by the grandson (the mind incarnation) of Pema Lingpa, Gyalse Pema Thinley in 1613 and which was later expanded by Tenzin Legpai Dhendup.
The Phobjikha valley is also one of the roosting grounds of the Black-necked cranes (grus nigri collis) that migrate each year in winter from its nothern habitats in Tibet and Siberia to these grounds. Visit the Information Centre for the Black-necked cranes to learn more about this rare and endangered birds
Day 09: Phobjikha–Trongsa ( 2020m: 70 km)
Drive to Trongsa. Check in at guest house. Afterwards visit the Trongsa Dzong, ancestral home of the royal family. Built in 1648 A.D. by Chogyel Minjur Tempa the Third Druk Desi ( 'Desi' means Temporal Ruler), it is presently the administrative seat of the district and the home of the monastic school. Trongsa Dzong represents Bhutan's link with its historical monarchy This is the investiture site for future kings ascending the Golden Throne of Bhutan. You can see its remarkable succession of street-like corridors, wide stone stairs and beautiful stone court-yards.
Trongsa Dzong represents the very best opportunity to capture the true essence of Bhutanese monastic and parliamentary architecture. Here, 25 lhakhangs (small temples, among which is one of the the oldest Lhakhangs in Bhutan - the Chorten Lhakhang, built by Yongzin Ngagi Wangchuk in 1543 A.D) house sacred images and religious relics. Intricate wood carvings and beautiful frescos are emblazoned on the walls and pillars. Visit the watch tower, located directly above the Dzong. the Watch Tower has ondisplay many interesting armors and other weapons of war used by ancient warriors. Overnight: Guest House/Trongsa
Day 10: Trongsa – Zhemgang (1960m: 90 km)
The drive from Trongsa to Zhemgang will take through subtropical areas with thick jungles. This route has one of the richest forests and has many varieties of tree orchids and other botanical plants.The district of Zhemgang was opened to tourism only in 2002. The only facility available is a government guest house. Overnight: government guest house
Day 11: Zhemgang
Spend the day exploring the Tingtibi forests for orchids, golden langur and other rich fauna and flora. Evening: visit Tingtibi town Overnight: guest house
Day 12: Zhemgang – Bumthang (2600m : 160km)
En route visit the Yatha Textile center in Chumi Valley, 50 km short of Jakar Valley in Bumthang. The drive will take about 7-8 hours. Lunch in Trongsa at local restaurant. Overnight: Lodge/Bumthang
Day 13: Bumthang
After breakfast visit the historic Jakar Dzong built in 1646 A.D. which now houses the district Administration offices as well as the monk body. Also visit ancient monasteries like Kenchosum Lhakhang, Tamshing Lhakhang,Kurjey Lhakhang and Thangbi Monastery. Evening: free to stroll through Jakar town. Overnight: Lodge/Bumthang
Day 14: Bumthang–Ura Excursion (Ura Valley alt. 2900m: 50 km)
After an early breakfast drive to Ura Pass (3950m). Expore the area for high altitude orchids such as lady slipper etc. Evening: return to Jakar Valley for overnight at the Lodge.
Day 15: Bumthang – Wangdue Overnight: Hotel/Wangdue
Day 16: Wangdue–Thimphu-Paro
After breakfast drive to Thimphu for lunch and shopping. Afternoon: drive to Paro. En route visit Semokota Dzong. This is the oldest dzong in the country and it was built in 1629. Ths dzong now houses the monastic school. Overnight: Hotelo/Paro
Day 17: Paro
Sightseeing In the morning take a hike to Taktsang Monastery. The name Taktsang means "Tiger's Nest'. The monastery is perched on a rocky ledge with a sheer drop of nearly 800 m. It is said that in the second half of the 8th century, Guru Padma Sambbava alighted here upon the back of a tigress. Picnic Lunch at Taktsang cafeteria. The round trip hike takes about 4 hrs. en route visit the Drugyel Dzong - ruined fortress. The dzong, although in ruins, holds great historical significance. It was from this fortress that the Bhutanese repelled many Tibetan invasions.
On a clear day this spot offers a magnificent vista of Mount Chomolhari, "Mountain of Goddess" (Alt. 7329 m). In the evening walk through Paro town and have dinner at a local restaurant. Evening: visit a farm house and experience traditional hot stone bath. Overnight: Hotel/Paro
Day 18: Paro departure | <urn:uuid:bb208fe6-b86c-4dc9-9190-9111fd598529> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.exoticbootan.com/bhutan_orchid_tour.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00075-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894745 | 1,604 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Usufruct Agreement Thailand is governed by sections 1417 to 1428 of the Commercial and Civil Code of Thailand. A usufruct is a right granted by the owner(s) of the land/house in favor of a usufructuary whereby this person has the right to possess, use and enjoy the benefits of an immovable property (section 1417 CCCT). The usufructuary has the right to manage the property (sect 1414 CCCT). It can be on a piece of land, on a house or on both of them.
What is a Usufruct Agreement Thailand?
A usufruct is a real right (real means in civil law = attached to a thing) that originates from Roman and Civil law. The holder of a usufruct, known as “usufructury”, has the right to use, possess and enjoy the property, as well as the right to receive profits from the fruits of the property. The usufructuary could be a person or an entity (ex: a company). In Thailand, a usufruct can be granted for a period of time (Max 30 years) or for the rest of the life of a living person. It always ends at the death of the usufructuary but some contracts concluded by the usufructuary can survive him.
In Civil Law, a property is divided into three parts. They are called in latin “usus” (use), “fructus” (fruits) and “abusus” (abuse). The word Usufruct is normally unknown in Commonwealth Countries. It combines the two first parts of the property in Civil Law, the usus (use, or possession) and fructus (fruits, or as we will see, more or less the “profits”). In French, it is called “usufruit” and in Thai “See-tee-kep-kin”. It is interesting and useful to know that Thai Civil Law was largely inspired by French Civil Law. (see “the work of codification in Siam” by Rene Guyon, 1919.)
The owner who gives the Usufruct is called in French “nu-propriétaire” or by literal translation in English “naked-owner” under Civil Law. It means that the owner has nothing else than the ownership; he is naked.:He can’t enjoy possession or fruits. Besides possession and enjoyment of the property, the Usufructurary has also the legal right to use and derive benefits from the property that belongs to another person, as long as the property is not damaged. “Fruits” should be understood as its natural (fruits, livestock, etc) and/or its legal definition (rent, etc.).
We can easily draft you a customize usufruct agreement for reasonable fees. It will include a contract in Thai and English, legal advice and instructions how to register it. Should you wish, we can also send a lawyer to help you at the registration but there will be additional fees for our transport and time.
Read more about usufruct in Thailand: | <urn:uuid:dc953148-1e1a-41a2-a2f5-d76189b60a6c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://isaanlawyers.com/usufruct-agreement-thailand/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.961129 | 673 | 2.328125 | 2 |
One of the things that costs people a lot of money is not being organized! It is a simple fix and you can even automate your finances quickly and easily. Doing mine took me less than 30 minutes and it has given me peace of mind. Knowing that I won’t miss a payment or have to pay hefty late fees helps me be more confident about my fiances.
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If your employer offers you a 401K make sure that you are signed up to have your money taken directly out of your paycheck. My advice is that if your employer will match a certain percentage, like 6%, then make sure you are taking that full amount out of your paycheck every pay period. You won’t have to worry about it, it is already going to be taken out before you even get your paycheck.
If you don’t have a 401K but you still want an easy way to invest, check out Betterment. There’s no researching which investments you need to purchase or at what percentage for each. Betterment does this for you automatically. This makes investing easy for beginners.
Checking and Credit Cards
First of all, make sure that your paycheck is being put in your checking account through direct deposit if your employer offers that. It is the easiest way to make sure your money goes straight to the bank.
Sit down and link all of your bills like mortgage, utilities, insurance, etc. to your checking or credit card account. Which account you link to your bills will depend on how you normally pay. I know that a lot of people like paying with their credit cards because they can earn rewards. Just make sure you pay it off every single month.
By having your bills linked to your payment, you won’t have to worry about missing a payment and having to pay late fees. Most banks offer online bill pay so this should be very easy to set up.
If you are paying all of your bills with your credit card, make sure you link your credit card to your checking account so you won’t miss paying that off at the end of the month.
You can easily link your checking account to your savings account so that every month you can have money taken out and put in your savings. You should also link the two accounts to help prevent overdraft. If you accidentally overdraw from your checking, the money can be taken out of your savings so you won’t have to pay a big overdraft fee.
To see how much you can put away into savings each month, sign up for Personal Capital. It is a free and very easy to use budgeting program. You just link all of your accounts and it puts together a report of where all your money is going. They even help you keep track of any investments and offer a retirement calculator.
Even though automating your finances saves you a ton of time and money, you still need to keep an eye on your accounts. Just go in once a month and make sure that you are being charged the correct amount and that there are no fraudulent charges.
Check your checking account at least once a month to make sure you aren’t at risk for overdrafts.
Most companies handle payments online so linking your accounts should be very simple and straight forward. It took me less than 30 minutes to automate all of my accounts and it has taken a lot of worry off of my plate. | <urn:uuid:2aa2b0ee-1ac9-473c-82d3-9ce27a159add> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://frugalginger.com/2016/10/automate-finances-less-30-minutes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00399-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961197 | 699 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Eduardo ‘Lalo’ Ángeles Carreño, a fourth-generation mezcal producer, puts his trust in the sanctity of mezcal. For Mexicans, mezcal is la bebida de los dioses—the drink of the gods—and Lalo wants one thing to be abundantly clear to those consuming it: no matter the cache it may carry, mezcal is not a trend.
On an arid October morning, Lalo greeted me at the entrance of his palenque in Santa Catarina Minas, a small town south of Oaxaca City. Smoke gently rose from the furnace beside his house, thickening the air with an aroma of scorched agave stocks, or piñas. The Ángeles family is renowned as the “the mezcal superstars” of Oaxaca, as they have used the traditional distillation process since 1978.
Lalo paused his work to show me the adobe where he and his staff produce small-batch mezcal. He then taught me how to drink the spirit properly—sipped slowly, straight, and held in the mouth between sips so to be dilute—then savored and swallowed. It was smoky, yet sweet. Strong, with a delicious burn. The maguey plant, from which mezcal is distilled, is a member of Mexico’s extensive family of agaves. The smoky flavor is born from the heart of the plant, known as the piña. Piñas will roast in a stone pit over a wood fire for nearly a week. Once removed, their juices can be extracted, fermented, and distilled. The giants of the industry have since shrunk the process down to a day and a half using machinery, since the complexities of the traditional process cannot accommodate the climbing demand for mezcal worldwide. The sugars fail to reach full concentration, resulting in a lower quality product.
“Mezcal is an essential part of our country,” said Lalo. “It is the farmer’s drink, and although corn has always been number one in all of Central America, mezcal was always second.”
According to Toltec legend, the culture of mezcal and the maguey plant constitutes heritage, wisdom, and indigenous mythology. Patécatl and Mayahuel—the god and goddess of the maguey—represent the plant itself, deified. Patécatl discovered the ocpatli root, which expedites the fermentation process. Thus, his name translates as “the one from the land of medicine.” Mayahuel embodies the fertility and nutrience of the maguey, regarded by Oaxacans as “the mother plant” for its vast range of medicinal properties and uses.
The exchange of mezcal between small-batch distillers and the neighboring families with whom they maintain relationships is intimate, humble, and fairly exclusive. Oaxacans will rarely buy labeled mezcal. Instead, a local supplier or friend will pay a regular visit, selling by the liter. Many farmers in Oaxaca uphold the tradition of consuming mezcal three times a day — once in the morning to clarify the senses and cleanse the gums, once in the afternoon for the same effect, and again at night to relax the body. Since the first evidence of mezcal’s distillation over 2,000 years ago, mothers have used it to numb babies’ gums when they are teething. Aguamiel is scraped from maguey leaves to treat back aches, sprains, and blows to the body. Piña ashes are used to treat stomach swelling, which is common among those who have dedicated their lives to physical labor. Ixtle (the Otomi word for maguey fiber) is used to make twine and cloth, while raw maguey fibers are used to build adobe walls. “Nothing goes to waste in Mexico,” said Lalo.
The plant’s medicinal properties did not go unnoticed by the Spaniards, following their conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1519. Francisco Hernández, doctor to Philip II of Spain, was quickly drawn to its cure-all potential, using it to treat multiple members of the crown. The Spaniards, however, disapproved of the tradition of mezcal consumption. Drunkenness was punished with death, as part of the crown’s strategy to decimate Aztec culture. Prohibition led to the formation of many underground alliances; those who had been persecuted by the Spanish crown sought refuge in highly protected bars, where no representative of authority was allowed entry. Oppression was shared over drinks, as such establishments were some of the only places of salvation for the vanquished.
“Mezcal is the first thing offered at every wedding, every baptism, any party,” said Lalo. His own company, Lalocura, continues to employ horses for labor and clay pots for distillation, following the traditional process. The unparalleled quality of his mezcal is the result of this age-old approach. The Spaniards replaced the use of clay with copper during the Inquisition; other mezcal brands like Monte Alban have long since replaced horses with machinery.
The traditional copa (cup) of mezcal can be found at a mezcaleria in any major city, but more often than not, the spirit’s rich flavor is simply shaken into a cocktail. Its lure was embraced by the North American market in the late 1990’s as a “new and cache” mixology concept, and as a result, the now global fad that is a mezcal cocktail exists within a bubble that is entirely foreign to Oaxacans.
“Changing the understanding of mezcal isn’t the point, because there is no understanding of mezcal in the first place,” said Lalo. It was Mexico’s third-largest alcoholic export in 2016 behind beer and tequila, generating more than $26 million, according to Mexico’s Department of Agriculture. Although the spike has brought business to small towns in the Mezquital Valley that were desperate for any form of an economic boost, it has also placed an urgent call on the industry for reform. Mass-production has forced the harvest of younger magueyes, despite the quality of a mezcal depending on the full maturation of a plant, which can take between 7 and 25 years.
In order to bottle, sell, and import, a distillery’s equipment and process must be routinely evaluated to insure that it honors the Appellation of Origin, enforced by Mexico’s Department of Agriculture in 1995. That being said, the effort to produce and market it as a premium product outside of Mexico has a relatively short history. What is most frustrating for Lalo is that these parameters, deeming a mezcal as “certifiably authentic” or otherwise, were arrived upon without input from farmers, who are required to pay a hefty fee in order to obtain certification. “Those who bring in money are the ones creating the guidelines for how to ‘properly’ practice a tradition that belongs to us, not to them,” he said. “Big companies need qualified workers with the right intentions, education, and some pride in what they’re doing.” In the past two years alone, Lalo has attended many sustainability-centric mezcal convention, each hosted by large corporations and private investors from all ends of the globe, to whom he refers as “the mafia.” At almost every convention, he is the only farmer in the room.
In 2017, close to 80% of the industry’s profit was pocketed by mega-companies like Pernod Ricard and Zignum (a Mexican company originally founded by a Coca-Cola bottler), many of which have bought out the small family companies that value land reforestation and waste management first and foremost. For those simply purchasing the torch, the preservation of endangered magueys and use of natural insecticides comes second to supplying the market. “That, to us, as farmers and as Mexicans, is an insult,” said Lalo.
Oaxaca has long been one of Mexico’s most impoverished states — in Santiago Matatlán, the “motherland” of mezcal production, a majority of the liquid waste from scorched magueyes is emptied into the Santiago River. The excess acid pollutes the water, killing the fish and plantlife. Oaxaca’s outskirts are home to the oldest family-owned palenques; because funding for proper waste management is entirely out of reach for small-scale operations like these, increased demand has led to increased water pollution and land degradation.
Having studied agro-engineering, Lalo has long observed how Oaxaca’s farmers have been impacted by the Green Revolution that preceded him. Chemical insecticides became an integral part of Mexico’s agriculture after their debut in the 1940’s, making the prospect of a system reset unfathomable for old-school farmers. Lalo is without the resources he would need to ignite a revolution beyond Santa Catarina Minas, but he does plan on returning to his alma mater to facilitate a dialogue around the urgency of rescuing the old process and reclaiming ownership of the spirit’s original magic.
Luckily, he’s not alone—local-approved distillery Los Danzantes is staffed by a strong team of locals who are familiar with Oaxaca’s bioregion and the complexity of the plant, so their solutions are ahead of the curve. Alongside Los Danzantes, the Ocotlan Valley’s University of Cioppino has assembled a team of students, biologists, and agro engineers to clone endangered magueys with the hope of saving them from extinction. “Right now we are micro-processing,” says conservation specialist Jair Juan López, who has directed the project since its genesis in 2016. He won’t be able to assess the project’s impact until the first test group reaches full maturation in 2021. “We’re trying to adapt the rarest types so that when they’re transplanted from the greenhouse to the field, they’ll survive.”
Quotes from Eduardo ‘Lalo’ Ángeles Carreño have been translated from Spanish to English. | <urn:uuid:4761a40c-8ec1-470f-93af-383ccef3ea25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thisismold.com/process/manufacture/scorched-earth-mezcal-tradition-oaxaca | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.961758 | 2,215 | 2.3125 | 2 |
It’s harsh, I know.
We have short attentions spans.
And it seems like they are getting shorter by the year with each new brief messaging app that infiltrates our society.
I am not sure this is a good thing or a bad thing, but one thing I have noticed more and more is people want you to get to the point, like now. I have noticed this in my own life recently, and although tough to have someone “adjust” you in real-time it’s greatly beneficial to hear it.
Basically, I tend to “pre-empt” a conversation with background information, stats, or things I think the person I am talking to needs to understand as we are discussing a topic. I sometimes do this because I think ahead – determine what they will probably ask – and then simply provide it to them beforehand so they won’t need to ask it. And hey, it feels like I am more completely communicating to them what I need to say.
This doesn’t need to happen. I should just say what I need to say and if the other person has a question or comment, they’ll say it. And then I can respond the specific question.
There’s no need to ramble on and on when the other person really doesn’t want to know, or doesn’t care to know – even if you feel it’s a better way to communicate. The lesson here is respecting people’s time is really important.
If you find yourself feeling the need to carry on and give someone every detail, maybe think about how to be more direct with people. It’ll feel uncomfortable at first, but as you get more used to it you will start to naturally get to the point quicker.
And people will appreciate it.
Image by flickr user yamagatacamille | <urn:uuid:754fe79f-b29f-4665-bf34-b8bd8fc5a631> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://soentrepreneurial.com/2014/04/15/hey-get-to-the-point/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00128-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968308 | 394 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Creating a personal income tax in Texas isn't easy. But supporters of a proposition on the Nov. 5 constitutional amendment ballot want to make the prospect of such a tax even more remote.
Currently, the Texas Constitution requires voters to approve an individual income tax in a statewide referendum, which legislators can ask for with a simple majority in the House and Senate. Proposition 4 would raise the bar, amending the constitution so that any income tax resolution would need two-thirds support in both legislative chambers before the matter goes to voters, who would ultimately decide.
Voting in Texas
When was the last day to register to vote?
The deadline to register to vote in the 2020 general election was Oct. 5. Check if you’re registered to vote here. If not, you’ll need to fill out and submit an application, which you can request here or download here.
When can I vote early?
Early voting for the 2020 general election runs from Oct. 13 to Oct. 30. Voters can cast ballots at any polling location in the county where they are registered to vote during early voting. Election Day is Nov. 3.
How will voting be different because of the pandemic?
In general, polling locations will have guidelines in place for social distancing and regular cleaning. Several counties will offer ballot marking devices so voters avoid contact with election equipment. Poll workers will likely be wearing face masks and other protective equipment, but masks will not be required for voters.
How do I know if I qualify to vote by mail?
Texas is one of just a few states that hasn’t opened up mail-in voting to any voter concerned about getting COVID-19 at a polling place. You can find eligibility requirements and review other questions about voting by mail here.
Are polling locations the same on Election Day as they are during early voting?
Not always. You’ll want to check for open polling locations with your local elections office before you head out to vote. Additionally, you can confirm with your county elections office whether Election Day voting is restricted to locations in your designated precinct or if you can cast a ballot at any polling place.
Can I still vote if I have COVID-19?
Yes. If you have been diagnosed with COVID-19 or are exhibiting symptoms, consider requesting an emergency mail-in ballot or using curbside voting. Contact your county elections office for more details about both options.
See our voter guide
Have you run into hurdles or problems while trying to vote in Texas? We want your help in reporting on those challenges. Tell The Texas Tribune your voting story.
State. Sen. Pat Fallon, R-Prosper, said lawmakers who supported the measure wanted to provide both residents and outsiders interested in doing business in Texas assurance that the state is committed to a business-friendly environment.
Most agree that the proposition is likely to pass; Fallon said he anticipates 90% of voters to approve.
Still, some lawmakers and tax experts expressed their opposition to the measure.
State Sen. Nathan Johnson, D-Dallas, said he will be voting against the proposition, calling it a "waste of time" and "a political stunt." He opposes an income tax but said the Texas economy could change in the future, necessitating an alteration to the state tax structure.
"We’re handcuffing future generations," Johnson said.
Dick Lavine, a senior fiscal analyst at the left-leaning Center for Public Policy Priorities, said the issue is already covered in the state constitution.
“If you’re looking for voter control over a state income tax, you’ve already got it," he said, referring to the 1993 constitutional amendment that required statewide voter approval to impose an income tax. Named after former Comptroller Bob Bullock, the Bullock Amendment also requires that revenues from any income tax be used to pay down property taxes and fund public education.
Controversy surrounded the measure as it moved through the Legislature this spring. Senate Democrats raised objections about the measure's language, contending that using the term "individual" instead of "natural persons" — the phrase used throughout the state constitution's tax section — could precipitate legal challenges to the state's franchise tax (a tax Texas levies on businesses) and possibly exempt corporations and other business entities from paying up. The Legislative Budget Board agreed in a May 15 letter, writing that failing to define "individual" could lead to interpretations that "include entities that are currently subject to the state's franchise tax."
Texas Comptroller Glenn Hegar estimated in January that the franchise tax would bring in more than $8 billion during the 2020-21 biennium.
An amendment proposed by State. Sen. Royce West, D-Dallas, to replace "individual" with "natural person" in the bill's text failed. Three Democrats crossed the aisle to support the final resolution, giving the measure the two-thirds support it needed to go before voters.
But the day before the Legislature adjourned, both chambers passed a bill amending the tax code so "individual" means "natural person" and excludes corporations, business associations and other legal entities.
The change alleviated the concerns of some tax experts, who said that the language of House Bill 4542 creates a definition of individual that could apply across the tax code and act as a legal defense in the event of a challenge to the franchise tax. Lavine said HB 4542 assuaged his concerns about a potential legal loophole for businesses, but he still expects a battle in the courts if Proposition 4 passes.
"There’s going to be somebody who is going to challenge it," he said.
Early voting begins Monday and runs through Nov. 1. Election Day is Nov. 5. For information on where to vote and what's on your ballot, visit Vote 411.
Editor's Note: We want your help in reporting on the challenges Texans face when trying to vote — and the possible ways to address them. Tell us about the hurdles or problems you’ve run into while trying to exercise your right to vote in Texas by filling out a short form or email our reporter, Alexa Ura, directly at email@example.com.
Disclosure: The Center for Public Policy Priorities has been a financial supporter of The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan news organization that is funded in part by donations from members, foundations and corporate sponsors. Financial supporters play no role in the Tribune's journalism. Find a complete list of them here. | <urn:uuid:0df6531a-edc7-4097-9006-599e59435fb6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.texastribune.org/2019/10/17/texas-income-tax-proposition-ballot-would-make-it-harder-add-new-tax/?utm_campaign=trib-social-buttons&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.953611 | 1,356 | 1.703125 | 2 |
(Reuters) -While professional forecasters now see the U.S. economy growing more slowly in the first quarter, many have faith the Federal Reserve may be able to control inflation while keeping the economy on track, according to a survey released Friday.
Economists still expect strong GDP growth for the year, supported by a robust jobs recovery, according to a survey of forecasters by the Philadelphia Federal Reserve. They also largely expect inflation to stabilize in the long term, the survey showed.
Fed officials are under pressure to act more aggressively to curb price increases after a report released Thursday showed that inflation increased last month at the fastest pace in 40 years. But not all policymakers are convinced that the Fed should launch its rate increases with a half a percentage point increase, with some saying they prefer to speed up or slow down the rate increases based on what happens with inflation.
Professional forecasters said they now expect the U.S. economy to grow by 1.8% in the first quarter, down from the 3.9% growth expected in November, according to the Fed survey. But they still see the economy growing by 3.7% for the year, down only slightly from previous expectations.
They also see the U.S. labor market adding about 430,000 jobs a month this year – a pace that could help fill the jobs hole https://graphics.reuters.com/USA-ECONOMY/JOBS/ygdpzzqwypw caused by the pandemic levels within six months.
As for inflation, forecasters said they expect price increases to ease in the longer run from the high levels seen today.
Forecasters now expect the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index to average an annualized rate of 4.7% in the first quarter of this year, before dropping down to 3% in the second quarter. They estimate PCE will average 2.2% a year over the next decade, slightly above the Fed’s 2% target.
A separate survey of consumers by the University of Michigan showed that inflation is weighing on consumer sentiment, which dropped to its lowest level in more than a decade in early February.
The consumer survey one-year inflation expectations rose to 5.0%, highest since July 2008. Its five-to-10-year inflation outlook held steady at an 11-year high of 3.1%.
(Reporting by Jonnelle MarteEditing by Chizu Nomiyama) | <urn:uuid:6da32731-53ba-4bf0-94cb-fac5f3b2f9bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.metro.us/forecasters-project-steady-jobs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.954424 | 504 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Communities for Children
Working Across the Grey
Dr Gail Winkworth, Megan Layton-Thompson
Through a partnership between ICPS and early childhood and family support services, this project aimed to improve the social connectedness and capability of vulnerable and hard to reach parents, and the safety and life chances of their very young children in Inner North Canberra.
This research extended the knowledge base for services working with vulnerable families with young children, to enable a clearer understanding of how to increase their capability and social connectedness, and increase the capability of early childhood and family services to work collaboratively to better support such families.
Communities for Children Evaluation
Prof Morag McArthur, Stella Conroy, and Kate Butler
The Communities for Children (C4C) project, a Commonwealth funded initiative, focused on children aged 0-5 years and their families in North Canberra, and sought to ensure greater opportunities for children to grow and thrive in their local community.
The Canberra C4C project was facilitated by Northside Community Services, and the Institute was appointed as the external evaluator for the project.
McArthur, M., Conroy, S., & Butler, K. (2009). Connecting Canberra's Inner North - Final Evaluation of the North Canberra C4C Initiative. Canberra: Institute of Child Protection Studies, ACU.
Winkworth, G., & Layton-Thompson, M. (2009). Working in the Grey: Increasing Collaboration between services in Inner North Canberra – A Communities for Children Project. Canberra: Institute of Child Protection Studies, ACU.
Winkworth, G., McArthur, M., Layton, M., Thomson, L., & Wilson, F. (2010). Opportunities Lost - Why Some Parents of Young Children Are Not Well-Connected to the Service Systems Designed to Assist Them. Australian Social Work, 63(4).
Winkworth, G., McArthur, M., Layton, M., & Thomson, L. (2010). Someone to check in one me: Social capital, social support and vulnerable parents with very young children in the Australian Capital Territory. Child & Family Social Work, 15, 206-215. | <urn:uuid:d4d36307-7c11-4cb1-a83a-c04775bf614d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.acu.edu.au/about_acu/faculties,_institutes_and_centres/centres/institute_of_child_protection_studies/our_work/current_previous_work/completed_2009/communities_for_children | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00477-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.884691 | 445 | 2.015625 | 2 |
I want to talk to you about this word truth.
If you are with another human being and you want to awaken and get free, you can do it by dealing with the people around you without expecting that they will also want to get free. But if you’re lucky, you’ll get to be around people who also want to get free. In Buddhism it’s called Sangha, and in Hinduism it’s called Satsang. Every religion has the fellowship, the spiritual community of people who are seeking together, and it’s very reinforcing to those qualities in you that want to awaken to be around other people who similarly want to awaken. These truth relationships help remind you of it.
We look for people that are simpatico to those values. The highest one of those is where two people have consciously and intentionally said, “Yes, let’s get free and let’s use our relationship with one another as one of the vehicles for doing that. In order to do that, since we know that in freedom there is truth, let’s be truthful with one another.” That is a very high and very special relationship. It is very rare.
We are all relatively truthful people, but we have a lot of edges where we use the white lie, or the social truth, or we color it a bit because we don’t want to hurt the other person, because we want to trade off kindness for truth, and that kindness leaves you isolated.
I hate to say that, I mean it’s bizarre to say that, because isn’t it important to be kind? The truth is you’ve got to listen to hear what the license is between you and another human being. If it’s the license for truth, then you are free to speak the truth. If there is not a license, you are not really free to speak the truth.
You can be silent, but most relationships are a conspiracy saying, “I won’t upset your ego, if you don’t upset mine.” And most families survive by doing that. But if you speak the truth, and you keep doing it, and if it’s done with love, you end up just in a liquid space of appreciation together. It’s all just stuff. What difference does it make? Behind it all, here we are, but very few people want to play that game or necessarily should play. It’s not a failure to not play the game at all. I couldn’t play it with my mother or father, and I’ve played it with very few people – actually, that’s not true. I’ve played with a lot of people, but they are people who come to me to play that game, and that’s very different.
A family is a group of people, all of whom want to go to God together or want to get liberated together and say, “Let’s help each other do that, and let’s use truth to do it, and let’s use every technique we can, and let’s use silence at times in the home, so that we can meet in the place behind our minds. Let’s meditate together. Let’s come to retreats together. Let’s reach out to try to do something to bring ourselves into a higher state of consciousness together, so that we can get out from under the illusion of our own separateness that is keeping us isolated… even in the midst of our love for each other.” | <urn:uuid:c12df67f-4d3c-4a86-81db-8321789b1dec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ramdass.org/truth-in-relationships/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.971515 | 764 | 1.8125 | 2 |
DLTK's Educational Crafts
Squire Square Shapes Buddy
Squire Square is an easy paper craft to help young children learn about squares. See if you can count how many squares there are in the craft (we counted 11 -- not counting the square-ish teeth).
We also have a basic square craft if you prefer something simpler.
You can make this craft a bit simpler, by only using the first template or you can go all out and use all three.
- something to color with (crayons, paint, markers, etc)
- print template of choice.
- You can mix and match the color and B&W Templates to save yourself ink.
- The 3rd template (the legs and feet) lends itself especially well to printing out the B&W version on brown construction paper.
- cut out the template pieces. This may require adult assistance. If you have a beginning user of scissors, let them cut out the easy (large) pieces (like the head, legs, feet and body) while you cut out the harder ones (mouth, eyes, neck, arms and hat).
- glue the pieces together:
- If you get stuck, use the small image at the top of this page to give you an idea of how it goes together.
- If you are working with a large group of children, you may wish to pre-make an example Squire Square to display during craft time.
- use the feet (rectangles) to launch a brief discussion about the difference between a square and a rectangle (both have 4 sides and 4 corners, but the square's sides are equal).
- Close the template window after printing to return to this screen.
- Set page margins to zero if you have trouble fitting the template on one page (FILE, PAGE SETUP or FILE, PRINTER SETUP in most browsers). | <urn:uuid:b7ab0e33-9115-4f5c-8ad9-24023394142a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dltk-teach.com/shapes/msquare.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00091-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.868026 | 387 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Buck Island National Wildlife Refuge wasn't fully established until 1981. Its main purpose was, and continues to be, as a safe haven for migratory birds that use the island as a winter home, or as a rest area before continuing further, but it can also be enjoyed by visitors.
Visitors who come to Buck Island National Wildlife Refuge will find very few amenities, and activities that are largely limited to rustic hiking, bird-watching, and perhaps diving off the coast of the island. The Coast Guard maintains a lighthouse on the refuge, but it is not open to the public. Those looking for a more established park should consider heading to the National Park on St. John.
Positioned in , always welcomes customers who are rooming in this section of the Virgin Islands. Whether or not you're staying in the vicinity, you should feel free to stop by to check it out.
You will need to find a boat charter of private ferry to take you over to Buck Island.
Buck Island National Wildlife Refuge is located on Capella Island, 5.2 miles southeast of Charlotte Amalie; it's four miles (seven kilometers) to the south west of Red Hook.
And, one of the most delightful options while spending some time exploring the area is enjoying fare at a restaurant within traveling distance of the nature preserve. Mimi's Seaside Bistro, which offers Caribbean dishes, is also the most convenient option for visitors of this nature preserve. and Iggie's Beach Bar & Grill are a couple other dining possibilities in close to this wildlife reservation. At Iggie's Beach Bar & Grill you shouldn't get up and go without sampling their specialty, seafood.
Other types of nearby attractions include, which is a quarter mile away Buck Island. You might want to also consider heading to , which is another attraction nearby.
Nature preserves are a great attraction to visit, but there's more to visit in the Virgin Islands. The following table includes other attractions close-by.
|Other Attraction||0.4 mi. (6.8 km)||NW||Buck Island||Buck Island|
|Other Attraction||3.2 mi. (2.9 km)||N||Maroon Town||St. Thomas|
|Fort Willoughy Ruins||Historic Site||4.5 mi. (1.7 km)||NW||Hassel Island||Hassel Island|
|Butterfly Garden||--||4.5 mi. (1.2 km)||NW||Charlotte Amalie||St. Thomas|
Help us improve! We welcome your corrections and suggestions. | <urn:uuid:0a104363-3b81-4c71-83cf-d122d2ab8171> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://caribya.com/usvi/buck.island.refuge/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00163-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923383 | 539 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Check it Out: A New Los Angeles Billboard Database
Last month, the LA Weekly published a cover story about billboard blight in Los Angeles. Among other things, the Weekly delved into City Hall’s failed effort to find and remove an estimated 4,000 illegal billboards blighting L.A., and its resistance in giving L.A. Weekly basic, public facts about existing legal and illegal billboards.
Plenty of U.S. cities have required billboard firms to hand over their inventory lists — a necessary step before activists, neighbors and inspectors can ID and dispute illegal billboards. In fact, Philadelphia posts its billboard list on its city Web site. That city’s Society Created to Reduce Urban Blight, or SCRUB, goes further, offering a billboard “finder” that highlights in red all unlicensed billboards. The Florida Department of Transportation maintains an “Outdoor Advertising Database” of the 17,000 billboards along its federal and state roadways. The database, updated monthly, provides the address, owner, height, number of “faces” and permit status — plus a recent photo.
But in Los Angeles, the newspaper had to hire a First Amendment attorney to get an inventory list of CBS and Clear Channel's billboards from workers at the Los Angeles Department of Building and Safety. Since the story was published, the paper has been inundated with letters and emails by community members who are upset that there is no public database of billboard locations. Until now. Recently, a website dedicated to keeping track of billboard locations has popped up. And Angelenos are encouraged to participate by providing addresses of billboard locations in their neighborhoods. According to the site owner, the database is being driven by one big problem: no public database, and no move by the city to provide one.
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Catch up on the day's news and stay informed with our daily digest of the most popular news, music, food and arts stories in Los Angeles, delivered to your inbox Monday through Friday. | <urn:uuid:74044970-f967-4a35-8b98-9982bbb00e5f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.laweekly.com/news/check-it-out-a-new-los-angeles-billboard-database-2395096 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00532-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941774 | 429 | 1.625 | 2 |
Record wind power generation in Spain
by Pete Speller
October 9, 2012
Originally posted to Greenpeace UK.64.2% of Spains electricity demand. The vast majority of Spain's power that night came not from fossil fuels but clean, renewable energy generated by wind turbines on the Spanish hills. And what couldn't be used in Spain wasn't wasted. Some was exported via giant cables linking Spain to the rest of Europe and some was used to pump water uphill so it could be allowed to flow back down later, when demand was higher. Pumped storage and interconnectors are just two of the way Spain has found to make sure wind works. And it wasn't just one night. During September Spanish tubines generated so much wind power thatcoal use in Spain crashed, reducing emissions from fossil fuels. But Spain isn't even the windiest country in Europe. The UK could generate far more power from on and offshore wind than Spain does. Last month we got our own record. On the 14 September wind accounted for10% of electricity use. We could do so much more. If Spain can make a serious transition to renewables, which now generate almost a third of their electricity then why can't the United States? Join us in our energy revolution! | <urn:uuid:0aaf047a-d669-44f6-846d-3c0005e87a27> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/record-wind-power-generation-in-spain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00006-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968961 | 253 | 2.796875 | 3 |
If circumcision is so desired, why dry-gulch babies? Men would seek it out when they could choose it for themselves, give consent, and report pain. Who are the madmen who came up with such? Why are its practitioners not imprisoned today?
Trying to reach you, Ed Noseworthy (CEO, Daytona Campus). RE: Human Rights/Christianity (NB Advent Health is evangelical). Left my number with Lea in your office. Eric Anderson. Author, Jesus & the Unabomber (NB Risk Management Dept. plugged their ears as deaf & blind guides)Circumcision is neither medicine, nor Christian.It is between witchcraft & body modification… Continue reading Advent Health, for example
The person defending infant circumcision inevitably adds zeros. They don’t see it, of course, but they get for their answer the number of zeros added. Example: Potential UTI+ Pot. Forseskin Cancer+Pot. STD+Pot.Nursing Home Care+Pot.Care Convenience=Circumcision. They are adding rights & reasons to torture a healthy child (and take from him) as 0+0+0+0+0=5. They do not… Continue reading Adding Zeros
There is Moses, sacrificing animals and pouring their blood on his alter. He did this while advising others, “do not suffer witches to live” (Exodus 22:18). That is the autocratic warlord who threatened his subjects with expulsion if they did not practice partial child sacrifice. But circumcision is witchcraft, and Moses is dead. And his… Continue reading The Witchcraft of Moses
Infant circumcision is PAINFUL (trauma scientists note that the body keeps the score, mind memory or not), it is elective surgery without CONSENT, it STEALS the victim of their decision of personal preference. It is ARCHAIC. What human does that to his fellow man. What human threatens expulsion for not doing it; Adolf & Moses.… Continue reading Constructive Fraud
Infant circumcision is a soul-sickness, and so must be all of Monotheism. The habit while reading scripture is to put up a cognitive privacy glass so one only sees sparkles and not the real person behind the glass. This is a soul-sickness (Ted calls is over-socialization, Jesus says to look at the birds of the… Continue reading Soul Sickness
Infant circumcision is the same phenomenon, of course… as expressed by Hannah Arendt when she observed ‘the banality of evil’ while reporting on the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem, in 1962. In this case it is Nazism for Newborns that is the evil that has found its ease among us. I don’t care what… Continue reading The Banality of Evil
The man old in days will not hesitate to ask a small child seven days old about the place of life, and he will live.
Make men drink a fifth of whiskey when they turn 18 years old (at threat of expulsion as in Genesis 17:14), but do not cut their genitalia, ever. In this the fraternity must conform, or itself be expelled.
And nauseating. If the ritual was to push a needle into a babies eye—the process of making a covenant with God—it would be seen instantly for what circumcision already is, but unseen. After a while, when first done at threat of expulsion from the economy, many would do it, many others would then comply because… Continue reading Heartbreaking & Gut Wrenching | <urn:uuid:2f9939d2-7aff-4b0d-8bcb-f5690f4756dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://broadfork.com/tag/eric-anderson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.936827 | 736 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Perilous Peer Review
When something seems too good to be true…
Fedra Pavlou |
Those of us based in the UK have a tough decision on our hands. Do we stay or do we go? Unsurprisingly, the so-called “Brexit” is dominating headlines – and as decision day looms, the volume and ferocity of the arguments will ramp up. There’s already a lot of scaremongering, underhand politics and most frustratingly of all… unanswered questions. Sadly, transparency is not usually associated with government politics, and while listening to yet another government spokesperson on the radio failing to answer the questions posed, I thought about parallels in scientific publishing.
The rules for transparency in the field have tightened a great deal over recent years – and rightly so. As a result, the majority of scientific research papers submitted for peer review are rejected, but a growing number of papers that do make it through are open access – though still not enough, in my view. Nevertheless, I can see this model increasing substantially over the next few years. Certainly, there’s room for improvement in the peer review model, but I’d like to think that what we do read is accurate, is based on sound evidence, and is a complete representation of the research (warts and all). Or is it?
The move away from the traditional print-only journal-publishing model has been a boon for science, but has created fear among some publishers; note Elsevier’s recent attempts to sue Sci-Hub, which backlashed and instead increased public awareness (1). The new trend towards open access (along with the costs that are passed onto authors to make research freely available), has sadly, however, also created a system that’s ripe for misuse. According to a study by Finnish researchers, so-called “predatory publishers” made around $75 million last year (2). As part of their research, they combed a list of discredited journals and they did the math (3). According to the curator of the list, Jeffrey Beall, these are journals that carry fake impact factors, promise a one-week peer review, and overlook plagiarism. Worryingly, the number of papers published by these journals has increased from 53,000 in 2010 to an estimated 420,000 in 2014! Though the Finnish team found the problem to be highly contained in just a few countries (mainly developing nations in Asia, with India accounting for the majority), we can’t assume that the predatory publishing trend won’t become more widespread. Heated competition makes publishing research increasingly difficult – and given that career progress and funding is often tied to impressive publication credentials, it’s easy to see why taking such a risky approach might appeal to some.
So if you’re ever tempted by a journal with a fast turnaround “peer-review” process and guaranteed acceptance of your research, it’s worth remembering the old idiom: “when something seems too good to be true, it probably is.”
- techdirt, “As predicted, Elsevier’s attempt to silence Sci-Hub has increased public awareness massively”, Accessed March 22, 2016. bit.ly/1R9f1tC
- C Shen, BC Björk, “’Predatory’ open access: a longitudinal study of article volumes and market characteristics”, BMC Med, 13, 230 (2015). PMID: 2642306.
- Beall’s List, Accessed March 8, 2016 at scholarlyoa.com/publishers/ | <urn:uuid:ae7be731-7579-489c-965c-ddc5845edf64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thepathologist.com/outside-the-lab/perilous-peer-review | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.946359 | 760 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Russia's lower house of parliament has given initial approval to a draft law banning homosexuality being promoted among children.
If approved, the law would ban events promoting gay rights across Russia.
The lower house of the Russian parliament, the Duma, is expected to pass a proposed law aimed at stopping so-called gay propaganda.
The bill faces two more readings, after which it must be approved by the upper house and president Vladimir Putin before it becomes law.
The 388-1 vote in the first of three readings came hours after police detained more than 20 mostly young opponents who were staging a "kiss-in" protest outside the building the Duma.
The law makes it an offence to promote a homosexual lifestyle to minors in any way.
Similar measures have already been passed in at least nine Russian regions, including Saint Petersburg.
Under the national version of the anti-gay propaganda law, individuals will face fines of up to $160.
Gay rights advocacy groups are more concerned about fines for organisations, which could reach $16,000 per offence - enough to financially ruin many groups judged to have offended the law.
The bill's pro-Putin backers cast the vote as a fight for Russia's moral salvation.
"There is simply too much homosexual propaganda in the Russian Federation," the Duma's family affairs committee chair Yelena Mizulina said during the debate.
Homosexuality was decriminalised in Russia after the end of the Soviet era but top officials continue to express homophobic views in public.
Russia's leaders repeatedly refer to gays in official language as "people of a non-traditional sexual orientation". | <urn:uuid:a221922d-6d54-4a8a-a16d-a2c38aa6a24e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2013-01-26/russia-backs-law-banning-homosexual-propaganda/4485354?section=justin&pfm=sm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965404 | 328 | 1.960938 | 2 |
|This document is available in: English Castellano Deutsch Francais Italiano Nederlands Portugues Russian Turkce|
by Egon Willighagen
About the author:
Will receive his masters degree this year and will start his
PhD reasearch on chemometrics. Still enjoys basketball a lot, as he
does LinuxFocus and Linux in general.
This article contains the presentation given at the Libre Software Meeting in Bordeaux in July. It explains the XML database used for automatic generation of the LinuxFocus.org(/Nederlands) web site.
The system used for document and translation management in the LinuxFocus project consists of several ASCII files, including resdb.txt, issuedb.txt and maindb.txt. These files have a fixed format, and they're used to generate web pages. However, they are difficult to extend, and the separated nature of the data makes it hard to manage all the information available for an article.
LinuxFocus did not automatically generate much web content when I started the new database. As an editor on the Dutch team, I was eager to have the index.html files on the web site dynamically generated. Editing several HTML files each time a new article was translated took a lot of effort and caused many broken links. Therefore, I wanted a new system to which I could add information easily, and from which I could easily generate index pages for the web site. I started working on it sometime in the summer of 2000.
The choice for XML was a bit arbitrary. Suggestions had been made to use a relational database, but I was experienced in XML and preferred a system of text based files. It soon turned out that a new numbering scheme would be useful, because the database could then use one type of ID instead of the two or three schemes then in use. Guido Socher did all the renumbering, which was quite an effort (my thanks!).
The Document Type Definition (DTD) was already in development, and a little bit of content was in the database for testing purposes. With the new uniform numbering scheme, the time was right to load the database with content. After having added about 20 articles, it became clear that this was an enormous project. Writing scripts to use the old files was possible, but not all information that the new database could contain was available, and, as explained, the information that was available was distributed over several files. Fortunately, Floris Lambrechts got involved, and I have to thank him deeply for adding most of the content to the database. Without his help, the system would not be what it is today.
Along with the new format also came the ability to add new information. And over the past year several new kinds of data have been added to the database. Early extensions were a table of authors, translators, editors and other people involved in LinuxFocus, and file locations. The reason for addition of the latter was that there were several filenaming schemes used since the beginning of LinuxFocus. During the renumbering it was reduced to two schemes. Some files used server side includes and used the .shtml extension, where older articles used .html extensions. The <file> tag can be used to overwrite a default. (The current default uses the format "article" + article number + ".shtml". This might include an optional ".meta" in case the file is in LinuxFocus' meta format.)
Now that the database had reached critical mass, I finally got around to benchmarking the software I was writing. The current XSLT stylesheets are not the first implementation. It was preceded by Perl based code. But with the growing size of the database, performance became important. The first try was simply not good enough. But before I start explaining the tools, I'll explain the database format.
XML, first of all, is a syntax specification for markup languages. XML defines how markup should look. The syntax describes the sequence of characters allowed in "well formed" XML document. It declares that a document has one root element and that an element consists of a start tag, content (text, child elements, or both), and an end tag. These tags consist of a "<" character followed by a name and at the end a ">" character. An end tag must have a "/" just in front of the name. Empty tags, like HTML's <br>, take a "/" after the name. A start tag may contain attributes, and these also have a specific syntax. XML tags look like these:
<greeting>Hello, world!</greeting>or for an empty tag
Besides syntax, languages also contain semantics. This describes how certain elements relate to each other. The semantics of HTML declares that the <body> tag should be contained by the <html> element, and not the other way around. The semantics also describe that the <img> element is empty, as is the <br> element. If these semantics are given in a formal notation, they can be parsed with a program and used to validate the document using those semantics. One of these formal notations is called Document Type Definition, or DTD for short. If a document passes the validation process, it is called a valid document. You have to be careful with XML because its validation is very strict.
Now that we know what a DTD is, let's have a look at the LinuxFocus XML Database DTD. For several of the specifications we will provide an example. By examining these examples you will get an idea on how the information is contained in LinuxFocus' XML database.
The root element in the LinuxFocus XML database, or one of its extensions/localizations, is the <database> element.
<!ELEMENT database (themes?, persons?, issues?, articles?)>
First, note that the "?" means the child element may occur zero or one times. Thus, the database may contain information about LinuxFocus' themes, persons, issues and articles. Since this is very straightforward, I'll move on to a more interesting example.
The themes are contained within the <themes> element which is a child element of <database>. Each theme has a unique ID, a title, and optionally an abstract and an image.
<!ELEMENT themes (theme+)> <!ELEMENT theme (title*, desc?, img?)> <!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT desc (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT img (EMPTY)>
Some of these elements must have attributes. These are also given in the DTD. Any textual content is contained in an element with the xml:lang attribute. The value of that attribute may be any token conform the ISO 3166 standard for country codes. Examples are "en", "fr" and "nl". Both the id and xml:lang attributes are specified in the original XML specification and are part of the XML syntax.
<!ATTLIST theme id ID #REQUIRED> <!ATTLIST title xml:lang NMTOKEN #REQUIRED> <!ATTLIST desc xml:lang NMTOKEN #REQUIRED> <!ATTLIST img src CDATA #REQUIRED>
An example database might look like this:
<database> <themes> <theme id="hw"> <title xml:lang="en">Hardware</title> <img src="Hardware.jpg"/> <theme> <themes> </database>
Issues are contained in the <issues> element. Like themes each issue has a unique ID.
<!ELEMENT issues (issue+)> <!ELEMENT issue (title+, published?, file*)> <!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT published (EMPTY)> <!ELEMENT file (#PCDATA)>
The element <published> flags published issues. The next issue and the SomeLanguage2Eng pseudo issues do not have this element. The <title> element has again the @xml:lang attribute. The <file> element denotes the directory in which this issue is located. It must not point to the index.html, because it is used to determine file locations.
An example (note that we use the @code attribute for sorting):
<issue id="ToBeWritten" code="999996"> <title xml:lang="en">Not yet written articles</title> </issue> <issue id="September2001" code="200109"> <title xml:lang="en">September2001</title> </issue>
Information about authors and translators are stored in <person> elements. Each person must have a unique ID.
<!ELEMENT persons (person+)> <!ELEMENT person ((name|email)*,(homepage|nickname|desc|team)*)> <!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT homepage (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT nickname (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT desc (#PCDATA|%html-els;)*> <!ELEMENT team EMPTY>
Each person can have the following information: a name, an email address (or more), homepage(s) and nicknames. If the person is also part of a translation team, we add a <team> element. For example, the following line in the <person> element means that Floris belongs to the Dutch team <team xml:lang="nl"/>. Finally, each person can have a description, which may contain additional web links.
<person id="nl-ew"> <name>Egon Willighagen</name> <email>email@example.com</email> <team xml:lang="nl"/> </person>
The articles are of course the most interesting part of the database.
<!ELEMENT articles (article+)> <!ELEMENT article (title+, (file|personref|abstract|issueref|themeref| nometa|nohtml|translation|proofread)*)> <!ELEMENT abstract (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT nohtml EMPTY> <!ELEMENT nometa EMPTY> <!ELEMENT translation (personref*, (reserved|finished|proofread)*)> <!ELEMENT reserved (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT finished (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT proofread (personref*, (reserved|finished)*)> <!ATTLIST article id ID #REQUIRED xml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIED type (article|coverpage) "article" next IDREF #IMPLIED prev IDREF #IMPLIED> <!ATTLIST file xml:lang NMTOKEN #REQUIRED type (target|meta) "target"> <!ATTLIST translation from NMTOKEN #REQUIRED to NMTOKEN #REQUIRED>
Each article has at least one title; one for each language. The <file> element can be used to give the article's file location, for both the META format and the HTML version (see example below). In cases where no META or HTML version is available, the optional <nohtml/> and <nometa/> elements may be used. Each article can have an abstract. Having the abstract in the database means it can be used to create index web pages.
The <article> element has five attributes: the required @ID, an optional attribute xml:lang to denote the language in which it was originally written, a @type attribute used for cover pages, which are for translation purposes also treated as articles. Finally, two other optional attributes, @next and @prev, which are used to tie articles from a series together.
An article is associated to an issue and to a theme with the <issueref> and <themeref> elements, both having a @href attribute. The value for this attribute must be a unique ID, the ID of the associated issue or theme.
<article id="article206" xml:lang="en"> <title xml:lang="en">Using XML and XSLT to build LinuxFocus.org(/Nederlands)</title> <personref href="nl-ew"/> <issueref href="ToBeWritten"/> <themeref href="appl"/> <abstract xml:lang="en"> This article shows you how parts of the Dutch web site of LinuxFocus is generated with XSLT tools from the XML database. It compares this with the (very) much slower DOM tools in Perl. </abstract> </article>
A localized <article> element looks like:
<article id="52"> <title xml:lang="nl">Enlightenment</title> <file xml:lang="nl">Nederlands/July1998/article52.html</file> <translation from="en" to="nl"> <personref href="nl-tu"/> <reserved>2000-09-06</reserved> <finished>2000-10-04</finished> <proofread> <personref href="nl-fl"/> <reserved>2000-10-04</reserved> <finished>2000-10-04</finished> </proofread> </translation> <abstract xml:lang="nl"> Enlightenment is een Linux window-manager met uitgebreide mogelijkheden. Dit artikel bespreekt ze, samen met de installatie en de instelling van E. Dit alles is niet voor beginners daar E op het moment nog in beta-stadium verkeert. </abstract> </article>
Note that this translation is reserved for translation at a certain date, it is done, but also proof-read. In all cases the person who did the work is linked to with <personref> elements.
For all elements, the best tutorial is the current databases itself:
One of the reasons for creating this new format was to automatically create web indices from it. Now that we understand (?) the database format let's see how we can use it to generate web pages.
First, a bit of history. The first implementation used Perl modules to interface with the database. Though the interface was very clean, the implementation was very slow. The information was contained in an XML container called Document Object Model (DOM). Most implementations for DOM, however, are very slow, at least much slower than the alternative Simple Application interface for XML (SAX).
But if the task is just web page generation a third alternative seems best: XSLT. This is a XML based transformation language. Many XSLT processor currently exist and most programming languages are supported. Some time ago there was a LinuxFocus article on XML::XSLT, one of Perl XSLT implementations. Since the publication of that article, more implementations have emerged, and there are a few that I recommend:
An XSLT processor takes two files for input. One is the XML source to transform. The other is the XSLT stylesheet that defines the transformation. For generation of LinuxFocus web pages the following XSLT stylesheets are available:
To generate the mainindex.html, for example, the Dutch teams runs:
sabcmd stylesheets/mainindex.xslt db/lfdb.nl.xml > ../mainindex.html
The stylesheets know where the English root database is, and just needs the localized database as XML input. Some sheets need an additional parameter:
sabcmd stylesheets/theme.xslt db/lfdb.nl.xml '$theme=appl' > ../Themes/appl.html
The Dutch index.html is also generated from the database, but uses a bit more complex setup. The index.html is made with Guido Socher's lfpagecomposer from a set of preprocessed input files. And these preprocessed input files are generated from a set of .pre files such :
<H2>Vorige nummers</H2> <p>Dit zijn de uitgaven van LinuxFocus in het Nederlands: <ul> <!-- macro xslt previssues --> </ul>
<H2>Recent vertaalde artikelen</H2> < macro xslt recently_translated -->These files are simply HTML fragments with a macro that applies a stylesheet to you localized database. The processing is done with a program called apply_stylesheets.pl which looks for <!-- macro xslt [stylesheet] --> commands and parses the database with that command. Note that the .xslt extension is omitted. Our Makefile contains:
%.shtml: %.pre @echo "Making $*..." @../../xml/bin/apply_stylesheets.pl $*.pre
The resulting *.shtml files are used by the lfpagecomposer script. The stylesheets that are used to generate the index.html are: issuetoc.xslt, previssues.xslt and recently_translated.xslt.
To use this system for other languages, you need to do the following:
The second step is a bit unfortunate. In principle only the text in the output needs to be localized, but the stylesheets do not have localization properties yet. This is possible, however, and I would like to see it implemented.
I recommend using a DTD aware XML editor. In Emacs you can, for example, use the psgml major mode. This will give you the ability to validate the document (with nsgmls). This helps a lot in avoiding mistakes. In Emacs you can then also right-mouse-click to see the elements and attributes you can insert on that specific place in the XML file. (Thanks to Jaime Villate for his excellent talk at the LSM conference in Bordeaux this year.)
Another great help is the Dutch localization of the XML database. If you run into trouble you can consult that file. Though the content is mostly Dutch, you can see how the database elements are organized. If that does not help, you can always email me.
Localizing the stylesheets is probably a bit tricky. Text is intermingled with XSLT commands. The latter you must not touch (unless you know what you're doing), in order to preserve its functionality. I plan to have the stylesheets localized in the future which would mean that you only need to edit a file that contains your translations and no XSLT commands, but this is not yet done.
OK, this should help you to get started. Most things you can copy/paste from the Dutch files. All files are FDL and GPL. In the next year these are my plans with this system:
Webpages maintained by the LinuxFocus Editor team
© Egon Willighagen, FDL
Click here to report a fault or send a comment to LinuxFocus
2001-09-02, generated by lfparser version 2.17 | <urn:uuid:8d5383cd-d015-4e6b-86f8-f6af77aa798a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://linuxfocus.org/English/September2001/article206.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00048-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.857201 | 4,007 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Chew More to Reduce Your Calorie Intake
A new study was undertaken by Jie Li and colleagues from Harbin Medical University in China to compare the differences in chewing activities of obese and lean people. It also examined the effect of chewing on the concentration of hormones present in the gut and the total calorie intake. It was found that people who chew their food more, end up consuming fewer calories, which may help them control their weight.
The study which has been published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that one can reduce his calorie intake by as much as 12% by chewing food 40 times instead of a typical 15 times. A person can lose as much as 25 pounds in one year by reducing his daily calorie intake by 12%. This can translate into significant weight loss.
The study examined 16 lean and 14 obese young men. It investigated whether the chewing factors of obese subjects were different from those of lean subjects and what the effects of chewing on energy intake were. The researchers found that compared with lean participants, obese participants chewed there food less frequently and ate faster. The participants ate 12% less after 40 chews than after 15 chews. A relationship between the amount of chewing and levels of certain hormones which stimulate appetite in the brain was also found. It was seen that a higher chewing rate was associated with lower blood levels of ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates appetite, as well as higher levels of postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 and cholecystokinin, hormones believed to reduce appetite.
According to Shuran Wang, a co-author of the study, future obesity therapies will be developed keeping an eye on the level of these hormones. Regulating these hormones may help people control their appetite. Although he concedes that chewing more is not a very feasible obesity prevention method, yet the relationship between eating behaviors and obesity is worth studying further to control the spread of obesity. | <urn:uuid:f14feb35-fa03-4c7a-8a73-0d75a552c5aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://emedicinelive.com/chew-more-reduce-your-calorie-intake | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.968125 | 458 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Three EPA scientists were prevented from speaking at a conference on the effects of climate change.
What happened: Three EPA scientists that were scheduled to speak at a conference on the effects of climate change to the Narragansett Estuary Bay were restricted from attending. It is unclear why the scientists were not allowed to speak.
Why it matters: Conferences provide opportunities for federal scientists to speak about novel findings that could be crucial to solving pressing issues. Additionally, professional conference provide opportunities for federal scientists to network with other scientists, decision makers, and concerned citizens. Therefore, restricting scientists from presenting at professional meetings hinders research progress and effectiveness, ultimately stifling federal agencies from fulfilling their science-based missions
In October, 2017 three scientists slated to present on the effects of climate change on the Narragansett Bay ecosystem at a scientific conference were instructed by EPA officials not to speak. John Konkus, an EPA spokesperson and former campaign operative for candidate Donald Trump, said, “EPA scientists are attending, they simply are not presenting, it is not an EPA conference.” Konkus provided no further information for why the scientists would be restricted from presenting their work.
These three EPA scientists were scheduled to speak at a conference in Providence, RI about a recent report on the state of the Narragansett Bay and its watershed. The report was a product of the EPA-funded Narragansett Estuary Bay Program, and the scientists restricted from speaking at the conference contributed substantially to this report. The report highlights work still needed to assure good water quality and the protection of habitat, wildlife, and the societal and environmental benefits that this ecosystem provides. This work includes understanding and being prepared for climate change risks, as the introduction of the report summary notes, “While some forms of pollution have been reduced significantly, other pollution sources and the escalating impacts of climate change influence the bay’s ecosystem and public health conditions.”
Many have voiced concerns that this is another indicator of the Trump administration’s attempt to muzzle scientists. This claim is not unfounded - in a similar incident during February, 2017, EPA staff were restricted from attending the Alaska Forum on the Environment. The EPA reported that a prior review of travel-related costs is the reason why the 17 staff members were restricted from attending the conference. Yet, some of the EPA officials restricted from attending the conference lived only blocks away from the forum’s site in Anchorage, AK. In another case, 27 scientists from the Department of Energy were barred from speaking at the quadrennial International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) conference on fast breeder nuclear reactors in Yekaterinburg, Russia, in late June, 2017. These 27 scientists were listed in the program to speak, but didn’t show up to the conference.
Sometimes, it is less clear whether scientists are being denied permission because of what they study. In October, some suggested that a decision to prevent Forest Service scientists from attending the International Fire Congress this year was politically motivated. The Forest Service has disputed this claim, and it is likely that excessive travel restrictions on all government employees—due to a scandal at the General Services Administration during the Obama administration—played a significant role in the Forest Service’s decision.
Yet whatever the motivation, scientists need to be able to participate in professional conferences. Presenting research at a scientific conference serves as a means to have one’s work vetted as well as get the word out to the larger scientific community of novel findings, and provides an opportunity for scientists to network and build relationships within their field. Such presentations often spur collaboration among scientists that can result in innovative approaches to answer scientific questions resulting in higher quality research products. Therefore, restricting scientists from presenting at professional meetings hinders research progress and effectiveness, ultimately stifling federal agencies from fulfilling their science-based missions. This attack on science also sends a chilling message to the scientific community that their work is not valued. | <urn:uuid:08a96b42-9d30-4a37-93fd-685c8ba1f9ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/attacks-on-science/accumulating-evidence-federal-scientists-are-being-silenced | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.967619 | 800 | 2.171875 | 2 |
RCEP takes on urban environment
The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution has invited evidence for a major study on the urban environment. "Around 80% of people in the UK live in towns and cities," said RCEP chair Sir John Lawton. "The quality of the urban environment affects our daily lives and just as importantly our ability to safeguard the global environment."
Sorry you do not have access to this article. Please contact Customer Support at
or call 020 8267 8120 | <urn:uuid:59cfa5f1-e7d9-476f-812a-e66e6b3065c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.endsreport.com/article/14001/rcep-takes-on-urban-environment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932957 | 100 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Archives and Special Collections
P.O. Box 1773
Carlisle, PA 17013
Dudley Atkins Tyng was born on January 12, 1825, in Prince George’s County, Maryland. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1843, and then pursued studies in theology at the Alexandria seminary in Virginia. Tyng became an Episcopal minister in 1846, and went on to serve in New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Tyng served as rector of the Church of the Epiphany in Philadelphia from 1854 until right before his death. He was forced to leave his parish over his opposition to slavery. He died as a result of an accident on April 19, 1858, in Brookfield, Pennsylvania. | <urn:uuid:9dd301ff-0e53-478a-90f8-1054fd85ac47> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://deila.dickinson.edu/slaveryandabolition/author/TyngD.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00437-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980937 | 155 | 1.789063 | 2 |
McCloskey has provided us with a delightful book that examines capitalism's impact on our character traits. Her central task is to convince us that the capitalist life promotes virtuous characters. I thank McCloskey for providing us with one of those rare academic treatises that makes us smile and laugh. More importantly, however, I thank her for providing us with an excellent and timely work. Just a few years after several well-publicized corporate scandals shook our society's faith in business is the perfect time to examine capitalism's influence on our character traits.
McCloskey attempts to complete at least three significant tasks in this book. First, she defends capitalism against those she terms the "clerisy." These are the academicians, artists, and others who, in an unthinking, uncritical, and unsupported manner, claim that capitalism has alienated, fragmented, and corrupted us. Second, she argues against those economists, including herself at one time, and others who believe in what she terms "Prudence Only." This is the view that ". . . capitalism is a matter of Prudence understood as ruthless self-interest . . . ." According to this view, our market activities should be motivated solely by rational self-interest. This motivation is justified because it is successful in terms of creating societal wealth and efficiency. Third, she agrees with the view many hold that capitalism both makes us better off and is consistent with a virtuous life that involves more humanity than Prudence Only allows. She takes this point a step further than most, however, by claiming that it actually promotes virtuous characters and is necessary for the development of a full, virtuous life.
Although I am in the role of critic here, I must confess my sympathy with much of McCloskey's project. I am in complete agreement with her rejection of both the clerisy and Prudence Only. I am less convinced, however, by her claim that the sort of capitalism she advocates best promotes the virtues. The primary focus of my comments will be on that claim.
McCloskey's view that capitalism makes us better off is not new, and, in my mind, is rather uncontroversial. Many have objected to it by pointing out that those persons who are at the bottom rungs of the socioeconomic ladder are not made better off by capitalism. Doing so, however, runs into at least two difficulties. First, it merely begins the seemingly endless debate over whether even those persons who are the worst off in a capitalist society are better off than they would be in a society with some other kind of economic system. To see how endless that debate can be, we need only consider how many have argued that John Rawls's difference principle supports capitalism because it makes the least advantage better off, while many others have argued that the same principle rejects capitalism because it does not make the least advantaged better off. Second, and perhaps more importantly, the objection misses the real point of the view. McCloskey and others do not hold the view that capitalism makes every single person better off, but, rather, they hold the view that it makes the society in total better off by creating greater progress in goods and services. Of course, objectors then can question whether that is the proper way to measure whether a society is better off or they can claim, following Jean-Jacques Rousseau, that despite such merits capitalism is not justified because it produces inequalities that ultimately enslave us. I am unwilling to lodge such objections, however, because I agree with McCloskey that the concerns in question are no more true of capitalism than they are of any other economic system.
The claim that the capitalist life is consistent with a virtuous life also is not new, and, again in my mind, is rather uncontroversial. It is obviously true that one can pursue profit and goods in the marketplace without losing one's humanity. There was a corner grocery at the end of the street on which I lived as a child. I remember once accidentally handing the owner too many $1 bills when I was paying for some candy. He handed the extra back to me and said, "son, you might need this later." He obviously pursued profit through his store, but doing so did not cost him his humanity. He had enough left to be kind to me. Likewise, Aaron Feuerstein clearly still had his humanity when he chose to keep 3,000 employees on the payroll with full benefits for three months after a fire destroyed Malden Mills. His desires for profits had not led him to ignore the needs of those who worked for him and the needs of the community at large. Nor, had desires for profits led Ray Andersen, the CEO of Interface Carpeting who decided to start moving his company toward full sustainability, to ignore the impacts of his business on the environment and future generations. In none of these cases has capitalism led the persons in question to ignore values and traits that give us humanity.
McCloskey's view that capitalism actually promotes the virtues, however, is more novel and controversial. This is because she believes that capitalism is necessary to develop the full, virtuous life that the ancient Greeks, most notably Aristotle, advocated. This view requires demonstrating not only that one can have a virtuous character while living the capitalistic life, but, also, that such a life pushes one toward the virtues in a way that no other economic system can.
This is a daunting task that McCloskey undertakes with various levels of success. With respect to demonstrating that capitalism promotes the virtues better than other systems, McCloskey is rather persuasive. This is most clearly the case when she criticizes the clerisy for romanticizing the past. She makes a strong case that life before capitalism was no picnic. She demonstrates several ways in which life is better for most people today under capitalism than it was in the past when capitalism was beginning to replace feudalism. Each of those ways plays a role in developing the virtuous life.
At that time, goods and services were much harder to come by and the lives of average people were not conducive to moral growth and development. McCloskey writes, "The amount of goods and services produced and consumed by the average person on the planet has risen since 1800 by a factor of about eight and a half." She adds,
An Irish peasant woman digging pratties in her lazybed in 1805 or a Norwegian farmer of thirty acres of rocky soil in Dimmelsvik in 1800 or the American daughter of poor English people in 1795 Massachusetts had brutish and short lives. Many of them could not read. Their horizons were narrow. Their lives were toilsome and bitter.
Such people clearly had little time or opportunities to develop their understanding of the world and the people around them. Without that kind of development, however, it is hard to see how they could be any better positioned to develop virtuous character traits than we are today. They had little opportunity to improve their lives or the lives of those around them. This is not to say that they could not live virtuous lives. Surely, many people lived virtuous lives prior to capitalism. The point, though, is that the clerisy often suggests that life prior to capitalism was an idyllic life that allowed people to live more virtuously than we can today. Given how difficult their lives were, McCloskey is correct to question why the clerisy holds this view.
Life is longer and healthier today. McCloskey writes, "Clean water, inoculation, better food, and penicillin purchased with the higher income raised the expectation of life at birth in the world from roughly 26 years in 1820 to 66 years in 2000 . . . ." Longer and healthier lives are at least as conducive, and probably more so, to developing virtuous characters than are shorter, unhealthy lives. One need only think about how much more the typical 45- or 55-year-old understands about people and the world than does the typical 25-year-old to see the relevance of longer lives to virtues. Likewise, one who lives a healthy life that is not spent constantly fighting disease is better positioned to develop one's life than is one who is unhealthy. Again, this does not mean that those who live short or unhealthy lives cannot be virtuous, but, rather, it means that they are no better positioned to be so, and probably have a more difficult time in many ways, than those with long and healthy lives.
McCloskey, however, occasionally lapses into her own romanticizing of capitalism. She writes,
A little farmer's market opens before 6:00 a.m. on a summer Saturday at Polk and Dearborn in Chicago. As a woman walking her dog passes the earliest dealer setting up a stall, the woman and the dealer exchange pleasantries about the early bird and the worm. The two people here are enacting a script of citizenry courtesies and of encouragement for prudence and enterprise and good relations between seller and buyer. Some hours later the woman feels impelled to buy $1.50 worth of tomatoes from him. But that's not the point. The market was an occasion for virtue, an expression of solidarity across gender, social class, ethnicity.
Although the story is charming, it romanticizes capitalism in a way that is just as problematic as how the clerisy romanticizes the past. Moreover, it plays into the hands of McCloskey's opponents. Both the clerisy and advocates of Prudence Only can claim that it does not paint a realistic picture of the market activities we face on a daily basis, and, thus, does not respond to the points they make in favor of their own visions of capitalism.
This does mean that there are no farmer's markets, nor does it mean that the kind of events McCloskey describes do not happen. I have gone to the farmer's market at Shaker Square in Cleveland many times and I have had encounters similar to that McCloskey describes. When I do, however, it feels like I am leaving our modern, capitalist society for a short while. Clearly, the farmer's market falls within the definition of capitalism McCloskey provides: ". . . private property and free labor without central planning, regulated by the rule of law and by ethical consensus." The farmers and customers engage in activities that fall within this or any other definition of capitalism. The problem is that such farmer's markets are far from the typical setting for our market activities today. They constitute an extremely small percentage of the capitalist encounters the vast majority of us have. The typical capitalist encounter is far less idyllic. Not all go badly or unpleasantly, but they are more likely to involve something like standing in a cashier line for several minutes only to be hardly acknowledged once you get to the end of the line until the cashier says something like, "that'll be $107.32. Cash or credit card?" Or, you have to tell the cashier several times that you do not need scratch remover to go with the CD you purchased and that you do not want yet another points card that you cannot fit in your wallet or ever remember to take with you to the store. Or, they involve something like being on the phone on hold for several minutes only to find out that the corporation from which you bought your defective DVD player wants to weasel out of its warranty.
The point is that the capitalism most of us know today is not the capitalism in McCloskey's farmer's market story. Nor, is it the capitalism of the earlier example of the corner grocery store in my hometown. That corner grocery no longer exists. Most people in Ardmore, Oklahoma now buy their groceries in the Wal-Mart Supercenter. My interactions in that Wal-Mart have been like those I describe far more often than they have been like that in McCloskey's farmer's market story. All this is not intended as a criticism of Wal-Mart or any other corporation, but, rather, as a plea that we be more realistic about the actual features of the capitalist society in which we live when we are critical of those who romanticize the past.
The fact that capitalism is not like the idyllic picture of the farmer's market raises another issue that is the most important point I wish to raise today. That issue is whether the kind of capitalism McCloskey advocates actually best promotes the virtues she has in mind. She writes, ". . . an unsubsidized capitalism works, and . . . state socialism, or a subsidized and regulated capitalism, does not." I do not question McCloskey's claim about socialism, but I do question her claim that unfettered capitalism best promotes virtues.
Undoubtedly, it is true that excessive regulation stifles progress and economic growth. That does not mean, however, that no tempering of capitalism in the form of reasonable regulation and prodding can be justified. Whereas McCloskey argues against such tempering, I argue that it is necessary both to produce a desirable world and to promote the very virtues McCloskey thinks capitalism promotes. Without such a tempering, those in the market would be driven by Prudence Only even more than they already are and McCloskey's virtues would become even more difficult to find.
The progress McCloskey points to time and again has occurred during a period in which capitalism has been regulated and prodded. In order to demonstrate how capitalism has promoted civic engagement, McCloskey writes, "Look at the ‘civic engagement' of Howard Dean's Internet-based campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2003-2004, or the new unionism built on e-mail mobilization." Issues about how much government was involved in the development of the Internet and e-mail aside, McCloskey's own example shows that regulation has not prevented a crucial area of progress. Given that, it is not clear why she thinks we need to leave capitalism unfettered in order to bring about the progress in goods and services she admires.
More importantly, the moral progress that capitalism has given us is, in part, the result of the fact that we have tempered it. Clearly, McCloskey does not think that one should do anything one wishes to do in order to succeed in the marketplace. As we should expect from someone who advocates virtue ethics, she thinks there are virtuous and vicious ways to succeed and one should opt for the virtuous ways. Without a tempering of capitalism, however, there is little to keep us from falling into a kind of Prudence Only that ignores the virtuous ways. Reasonable regulation and prodding serve the important function of delineating the boundaries of what we should and should not do in order to succeed in our market activities.
The position I am adopting is consistent with the virtue ethics McCloskey espouses, especially with ideas found in Aristotle. Aristotle argues that we do not come into the world with either virtuous or vicious characters, but, rather, we acquire our characters through practice. He writes, "Virtue of character . . . results from habit . . . . [T]he virtues arise in us neither by nature nor against nature, but we are by nature able to acquire them, and reach our complete perfection through habit." Although we develop our characters through what we do, Aristotle does not believe we are left alone in this process. Society's systems of rewards and punishment and praise and blame play the important role of providing us with incentives to practice the virtues and avoid the vices. He writes, ". . . they impose corrective treatments and penalties on anyone who does vicious actions . . . and they honour anyone who does fine actions; they assume that they will encourage the one and restrain the other." This is exactly what the tempering of capitalism should do. Through reasonable regulation and prodding, it should provide us with the incentives to pursue our market activities in ways that conform to virtue rather than vice.
This is not to suggest, however, that all the regulation and prodding of capitalism that we see is reasonable. Often, it is unreasonable and fails to provide a justifiable delineation of the boundaries of what we should and should not do in order to succeed in our market activities. Recently, the state in which I live, Ohio, passed a referendum that bans smoking in all bars and restaurants. I am not a smoker and I have an extremely negative view of the activity that is no doubt driven in part by the fact that my father, a smoker, died of lung cancer at age 59. My life will be better with the ban as I no longer will have to avoid particularly smoky locations. Nevertheless, I question this regulation. Governments should not tell competent adults what risks they can take with their lives, nor should they tell businesses to what clientele they can cater.
Moreover, McCloskey is correct to claim that government involvement in the marketplace in the form of spending often does not go to the right people. She writes,
. . . if modern government were in fact effective in giving a hand up to the deserving poor, if most of its expenditure were on behalf of such people, I would be very much more happy with it. But as it stands in the United States the typical government program is more like road building than Head Start. It benefits politically well-connected construction unions and the owners of paving firms, not little kids from the inner city.
Like McCloskey, if I could reallocate government spending I would have more of it go to the deserving poor. This issue illuminates two ways, however, in which I disagree with McCloskey. First, government programs like Head Start do provide effective help for at least some people. I count myself as one such person as I was a Head Start kid. I would not have become a university professor had it not been for the skills and love of learning that I acquired in that program. It provided me with exactly the helping hand I needed. I cannot provide any evidence to support this claim for those who might call for it. I can offer only anecdotal evidence. It is interesting that I am the oldest of three brothers and the only one who attended college. This is interesting because I also am the only one who attended Head Start. My family no longer qualified for the program by the time the next brother was old enough. Of course, these facts prove nothing and there are many other possible explanations for them besides Head Start. Nevertheless, my feelings about what the program provided me should be given at least some weight when we consider the merits of government spending.
Second, McCloskey seems to think that funds going to the wrong people is a necessary outcome of government spending. Although it often is the case, it need not be so. To the extent that it is at any given time, we should use our power at the ballot box and our power of protest to change it. McCloskey's correct claim that government spending often goes to the wrong people does not argue for doing away with all tempering of capitalism. It argues for changing government spending in ways that will position more people for success in market activities.
A view McCloskey advances early and often throughout the book actually supports the kind of tempering of capitalism that I suggest. In connection with the undesirable outcomes of capitalism to which many people point, she writes, ". . . the bad things in a capitalist world are not all testimony to the badness of capitalism. Much of human good and evil arises from our fallen natures, and has nothing to do with the circumstances in which we are put. . . . [W]e must in our moralizing not mistake human failing for specifically capitalist failing." McCloskey is correct that we must blame people for the wrong they do within a system rather than blame the system itself. Just as we blame a football player, not the NFL, when he throws a punch or spits in the face of an opponent, we should blame people, not capitalism, when they are involved in wrongdoing in the marketplace. The pressing question, however, is why, given that she recognizes people will sometimes do wrong, McCloskey does not accept a capitalism tempered by reasonable regulation and prodding. After all, the NFL institutes rules to regulate what players can do on the field precisely because players will do more wrong without rules to guide their behavior. Reasonable regulation and prodding provides, in a manner consistent with Aristotle's views on the role of the systems of rewards and punishment and praise and blame, a similar guide to behavior in market activities.
Although I believe the views McCloskey adopts on the virtues throughout the book actually support my position here, this is most apparent in the chapter titled "Love and the Bourgeoisie." There, McCloskey argues that capitalism, like any human activity, requires a kind of solidarity. She writes, "An economic actor must have a social stage, since no contract can be explicit about every aspect of a complex transaction, or even of a simple transaction." She adds, "You can't run human groups on Prudence Only, not well. And ‘well' means not merely prudently and profitably. . . ." Capitalism promotes the virtues because they are necessary for activities that constitute the system. This, however, is precisely why we need a tempered, rather than an unfettered, capitalism. We must regulate and prod those who do not pursue market activities in virtuous ways on their own. We know there are such people. McCloskey acknowledges as much.
In the end, the difference between McCloskey and myself lies in a disagreement over the kind of capitalism that is necessary to promote virtuous character traits. We both reject the positions of the clerisy and advocates of Prudence Only. The remedy for McCloskey is an unfettered capitalism, while for me it is a capitalism tempered by reasonable regulation and prodding. I welcome her comments on this difference between us. I wish to thank her again for providing us with this excellent and delightful work. | <urn:uuid:ff4c630f-ce37-4357-b8f3-d600505f33ca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.deirdremccloskey.com/articles/bv/spur.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00406-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972708 | 4,452 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Option 1: Use Trenz Electronic Reference Design with local board part file
Trenz Electronic will provide board part files for new assembly variants at first with the latest reference designs version.
- Download the reference design from the corresponding download area of the Trenz Electronic Product
- Since 2018.3 special "Module Selection Guide" is included into "_create_win_setup.cmd" and "_create_linux_setup.sh"
- Unzip download (use short directory name)
- Execute "_create_win_setup.cmd" or "_create_linux_setup.sh" (depending on the used OS)
- Follow instruction on the console window
- (optional) Select Vivado Installation path and Version (will be possible in the expected version wasn't found on Xilinx installation path)
- Console will show a list of available assembly versions (board files) for the reference design:
- Select ID number to select the board or use filter function to reduce the table with one of the other categories from the table header
- Verify selection and create project
Option 2: Xilinx Git Hub for Vivado
Board Files for Trenz Electronic Modules will be available on Xilinx Git Hub store for Vivado
2020.1 and newer
Trenz Electronic will update board files which are available the Github regularly, but latest board part files tested with the corresponding Vivado version will be still delivered first with the reference designs.
Xilinx Git Hub Link: https://github.com/Xilinx/XilinxBoardStore
- Open Vivado
- Select download path for Git Hub Store (got to Tools → Settings):
- Open XHub Store and select "Boards" Tab
- Go to the device category of your Trenz Electronic SoC/FPGA Module, select the device and press Download Button
- Installed Board files will be marked with the green check mark.
Option 3: Install into a User Repository
The options should appear as shown.
For more information about this capability, please refer to the following Quick Take video. | <urn:uuid:a4475446-1265-4858-8c97-0d7a2a46ec35> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiki.trenz-electronic.de/pages/diffpagesbyversion.action?pageId=16089787&originalVersion=17&revisedVersion=22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.787042 | 456 | 1.648438 | 2 |
GetFileAttributesExA function (fileapi.h)
Retrieves attributes for a specified file or directory.
To perform this operation as a transacted operation, use the GetFileAttributesTransacted function.
BOOL GetFileAttributesExA( [in] LPCSTR lpFileName, [in] GET_FILEEX_INFO_LEVELS fInfoLevelId, [out] LPVOID lpFileInformation );
The name of the file or directory.
In the ANSI version of this function, the name is limited to MAX_PATH characters. To extend this limit to 32,767 wide characters, call the Unicode version of the function (GetFileAttributesExW), and prepend "\\?\" to the path. For more information, see Naming a File.
A class of attribute information to retrieve.
This parameter can be the following value from the GET_FILEEX_INFO_LEVELS enumeration.
||The lpFileInformation parameter is a WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA structure.|
A pointer to a buffer that receives the attribute information.
The type of attribute information that is stored into this buffer is determined by the value of fInfoLevelId.
If the function succeeds, the return value is a nonzero value.
If the function fails, the return value is zero (0). To get extended error information, call GetLastError.
The GetFileAttributes function retrieves file system attribute information. GetFileAttributesEx can obtain other sets of file or directory attribute information. Currently, GetFileAttributesEx retrieves a set of standard attributes that is a superset of the file system attribute information.
When the GetFileAttributesEx function is called on a directory that is a mounted folder, it returns the attributes of the directory, not those of the root directory in the volume that the mounted folder associates with the directory. To obtain the attributes of the associated volume, call GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPoint to obtain the name of the associated volume. Then use the resulting name in a call to GetFileAttributesEx. The results are the attributes of the root directory on the associated volume.
In Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, this function is supported by the following technologies.
|Server Message Block (SMB) 3.0 protocol||Yes|
|SMB 3.0 Transparent Failover (TFO)||Yes|
|SMB 3.0 with Scale-out File Shares (SO)||Yes|
|Cluster Shared Volume File System (CsvFS)||Yes|
|Resilient File System (ReFS)||Yes|
Symbolic link behavior—If the path points to a symbolic link, the function returns attributes for the symbolic link.
The fileapi.h header defines GetFileAttributesEx as an alias which automatically selects the ANSI or Unicode version of this function based on the definition of the UNICODE preprocessor constant. Mixing usage of the encoding-neutral alias with code that not encoding-neutral can lead to mismatches that result in compilation or runtime errors. For more information, see Conventions for Function Prototypes.
|Minimum supported client||Windows XP [desktop apps | UWP apps]|
|Minimum supported server||Windows Server 2003 [desktop apps | UWP apps]|
|Header||fileapi.h (include Windows.h)| | <urn:uuid:ce6d0f44-f716-485c-9df5-c5afb0ad73df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-getfileattributesexa | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.673239 | 789 | 2.125 | 2 |
Roulotte Retreat is situated in a three acre meadow nestled below the Eildon Hills in the north and just below an ancient Roman site, Campknowe. The wildflower meadow is full of colour, exquisite birdsong and wildlife providing the rare experience of a completely natural backdrop. Originally a field for our ponies, geese and ducks, since 2008 we have rewilded the entire meadow with native trees, shrubs and wildflowers around a series of wildlife ponds. Fun Fact: The meadow featured in a music video for artist Tasha Blackmore.
Pondlife on the lochan includes families of wild ducks and moorhens raising their young, frogs, toads, newts, dragonflies and damselflies. Great crested newts swim beneath the surface alongside a myriad of pondlife.
We have planted native species which will attract a variety of birds, butterflies and bees. This includes Spring flowers and blossom for insects and especially bees with Autumn berries and fruits for wild birds. All the planting also provides cover and shelter for nesting birds and overwintering insects.
Wildlife abounds in and around the meadow - hear the hooting of the nightly owls, watch the early morning deer. A family of badgers are known to come out and play at the end of the drive when they think no one is looking. Sightings of the elusive and rare water-voles have been witnessed by guests as well as voles, shrews, fieldmice, foxes, hares, rabbits, and weasels.
Birdwatching is abundant with robins, nuthatches, yellowhammers, goldfinches, goldcrests, tree-creepers, long-tailed tits, sedge warblers, bull finches, sparrows, wrens, carrion crows, jackdaws, kingfishers, siskins, chiffchaff, wood warblers, willow warblers, dunnocks, chaffinch, blackbirds, song thrushes, spotted flychatchers, woodpeckers, blue tits, great tits, green finches, black caps, sparrowhawks, swallows, kestrels, ospreys, buzzards, kites, amongst others.
Guests, Devanna Roulotte | <urn:uuid:76adefda-a90e-4cc7-a7c5-bfc44001d641> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.roulotteretreat.com/the-border-setting | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.924096 | 483 | 1.765625 | 2 |
August 30, 2010
Dramatic Climate Change Is Unpredictable
The fear that global temperature can change very quickly and cause dramatic climate changes that may have a disastrous impact on many countries and populations is great around the world. But what causes climate change and is it possible to predict future climate change? New research from the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen shows that it may be due to an accumulation of different chaotic influences and as a result would be difficult to predict. The results have just been published in Geophysical Research Letters.
For millions of years the Earth's climate has alternated between about 100,000 years of ice age and approximately 10-15,000 years of a warm climate like we have today. The climate change is controlled by the Earth's orbit in space, that is to say the Earth's tilt and distance from the sun. But there are also other climatic shifts in the Earth's history and what caused those?Dramatic climate change of the past
By analyzing the ice cores that are drilled through the more than three kilometer thick ice sheet in Greenland, scientists can obtain information about the temperature and climate going back around 140,000 years.
The most pronounced climate shifts besides the end of the ice age is a series of climate changes during the ice age where the temperature suddenly rose 10-15 degrees in less than 10 years. The climate change lasted perhaps 1000 years, then - bang "“ the temperature fell drastically and the climate changed again. This happened several times during the ice age and these climate shifts are called the Dansgaard-Oeschger events after the researchers who discovered and described them. Such a sudden, dramatic shift in climate from one state to another is called a tipping point. However, the cause of the rapid climate change is not known and researchers have been unable to reproduce them in modern climate models.
The climate in the balance
"We have made a theoretical modeling of two different scenarios that might trigger climate change. We wanted to investigate if it could be determined whether there was an external factor which caused the climate change or whether the shift was due to an accumulation of small, chaotic fluctuations", explains Peter Ditlevsen, a climate researcher at the Niels Bohr Institute.
He explains that in one scenario the climate is like a seesaw that has tipped to one side. If sufficient weight is placed on the other side the seesaw will tip "“ the climate will change from one state to another. This could be, for example, an increase in the atmospheric content of CO2 triggering a shift in the climate.
In the second scenario the climate is like a ball in a trench, which represents one climate state. The ball will be continuously pushed by chaos-dynamical fluctuations such as storms, heat waves, heavy rainfall and the melting of ice sheets, which affect ocean currents and so on. The turmoil in the climate system may finally push the ball over into the other trench, which represents a different climate state.
Peter Ditlevsen's research shows that you can actually distinguish between the two scenarios and it was the chaos-dynamical fluctuations that were the triggering cause of the dramatic climate changes during the ice age. This means that they are very difficult to predict.
Warm future climate
But what about today "“ what can happen to the climate of the future? "Today we have a different situation than during the ice age. The Earth has not had such a high CO2 content in the atmosphere since more than 15 million years ago, when the climate was very warm and alligators lived in England. So we have already started tilting the seesaw and at the same time the ball is perhaps getting kicked more and could jump over into the other trench. This could mean that the climate might not just slowly gets warmer over the next 1000 years, but that major climate changes theoretically could happen within a few decades", estimates Peter Ditlevsen, but stresses that his research only deals with investigating the climate of the past and not predictions of the future climate.
Image Caption: This is a schematic picture of the climate represented by the red ball. The climate can be located in two different states, the two valleys on each side of a hill. In the first scenario the climate is like a seesaw. If the outside influences increase or, for example, increased CO2 makes the weight heavier on the other side, the seesaw will tip forcing the climate over into the other state. The climate change would be predictable. In the second scenario, the hill is fixed and a series of small chaotic kicks from wind and weather could cause it to roll over into the other state. This climate change is unpredictable. Mathematically speaking, the first scenario is a "bifurcation" and the second scenario "noise-induced transition". Credit: Peter Ditlevsen
On the Net: | <urn:uuid:0f1d4cc1-44fe-491a-9213-1b92962fcca3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1909948/dramatic_climate_change_is_unpredictable/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00040-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960539 | 993 | 3.828125 | 4 |
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