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Battle of Fort Fisher
Fort Fisher Civil War History
Battle of Fort Fisher
Other Names: Second Battle of Fort Fisher;
Operations Against Fort Fisher; Assault on Fort Fisher; Operations Against Fort Fisher and Wilmington; Bombardment of
Location: New Hanover County
Campaign: Operations Against Fort Fisher and Wilmington (January-February 1865)
Date(s): January 13-15, 1865
Principal Commanders: Rear Adm. David D. Porter and Maj. Gen.
Alfred Terry [US]; Gen. Braxton Bragg, Maj. Gen. Robert Hoke, and Col. Charles Lamb [CS]
Forces Engaged: Expeditionary Corps, Army of the James [US];
Hoke's Division and Fort Fisher Garrison [CS]
Estimated Casualties: 2,000 total
Result(s): Union victory
|Battle of Fort Fisher Historical Marker
Introduction: After the failure of his December Expedition Against Fort Fisher, Maj. Gen. Benjamin Butler was relieved of command. Maj. Gen. Alfred Terry was placed in command of a “Provisional
Corps,” including Paine's Division of U.S. Colored Troops, and supported by a naval force of nearly 60 vessels, to renew
operations against the fort.
After a preliminary bombardment directed by Rear Adm. David D. Porter on January
13, Union forces landed and prepared an attack on Maj. Gen. Robert Hoke's infantry line. On the 15th, a select force moved
on the fort from the rear. A valiant attack late in the afternoon, following the bloody repulse of a naval landing party carried
the parapet. The Confederate garrison surrendered, opening the way for a Federal thrust against Wilmington, the South's last
open seaport on the Atlantic coast.
Summary: The Second Battle of Fort Fisher was an assault
by the Union Army, Navy and Marine Corps against Fort Fisher, outside Wilmington, North Carolina, near the end of the American
Civil War. Sometimes referred to as the "Gibraltar of the South" and the last major coastal stronghold of the Confederacy,
Fort Fisher had tremendous strategic value during the war, providing a port for blockade runners supplying the Army of Northern
Background: Wilmington was the last major port open
to the Confederacy on the Atlantic seacoast. Ships leaving Wilmington via the Cape Fear River and setting sail for the Bahamas,
Bermuda or Nova Scotia to trade cotton and tobacco for needed supplies from the British were protected by the fort. Based
on the design of the Malakoff redoubt in Sevastopol, Russian Empire, Fort Fisher was constructed mostly of earth and sand.
This made it better able to absorb the pounding of heavy fire from Union ships than older fortifications constructed of mortar
and bricks. Twenty-two guns faced the ocean, while twenty-five faced the land. The sea face guns were mounted on 12-foot-high
batteries with larger, 45-and-60-foot batteries at the southern end of the fort. Underground passageways and bombproof rooms
existed below the giant earthen mounds of the fort. The fortifications kept Union ships from attacking the port of Wilmington
and the Cape Fear River.
On December 23, 1864, Union ships under Rear Admiral
David D. Porter commenced a naval bombardment of the fort, to little effect. On December 25, Union troops under Major General
Benjamin F. Butler began landing in preparation for a ground assault, but Butler withdrew them upon word of approaching Confederate
|2nd Battle of Fort Fisher Map
|Civil War Fort Fisher Map
Battle: Alfred Terry had previously commanded troops during
the Second Battle of Charleston Harbor and understood the importance of coordinating with the Union Navy. He and Admiral Porter
made well laid out plans for the joint attack. Terry would send one division of United States Colored Troops under Charles
J. Paine to hold off Hoke's division on the peninsula. Terry's other division under Adelbert Ames, supported by an independent
brigade under Colonel Joseph Carter Abbott, would move down the peninsula and attack the fort from the land face, striking
the landward wall on the river side of the peninsula. Porter organized a landing force of 2,000 sailors and marines to land
and attack the fort's sea face, on the seaward end of the same wall.
On January 13, Terry landed his troops in between Hoke and Fort Fisher. Hoke
was unwilling to risk opening the route to Wilmington and remained unengaged while the entire Union force landed safely ashore.
The next day Terry moved south towards the fort to reconnoiter the fort and decided that an infantry assault would succeed.
On January 15, Porter's gunboats opened fire on the sea face of the fort and
by noon they succeeded in silencing all but four guns. During this bombardment Hoke sent about 1,000 troops from his line
to Fort Fisher, however only about 400 were able to land and make it into the defense while the others were forced to turn
back. About this time the sailors and marines, led by Lieutenant Commander Kidder Breese, landed and moved against the point
where the fort's land and sea faces met, a feature known as the Northeast Bastion. The Union Army original plan was for the
naval force, armed with revolvers and cutlasses, to attack in three waves with the marines providing covering fire, but instead,
the assault went forward in a single unorganized mass. General Whiting personally led the defense and routed the assault,
with heavy casualties in the naval force.
The attack, however, drew Confederate attention away from the river gate,
where Ames prepared to launch his attack. At 2:00 in the afternoon he sent forward his first brigade, under the command of
Brevet Brigadier Newton Martin Curtis, as Ames waited with the brigades of Colonels Galusha Pennypacker and Louis Bell. An
advance guard from Curtis's Brigade used axes to cut through the palisades and abatis. Curtis's Brigade took heavy casualties
as it overran the outer works and stormed the first traverse. At this point Ames ordered Pennypacker's Brigade forward, which
he accompanied into the fort. As Ames marched forward, Confederate snipers zeroed in on his party, and cut down a number of
his aides around him. Pennypacker's men fought their way through the riverside gate, and Ames ordered a portion of his men
to fortify a position within the interior of the fort. Meanwhile, the Confederates turned the cannons in Battery Buchanan
at the southern tip of the peninsula and fired on the northern wall as it fell into Union hands. Ames observed that Curtis's
lead units had become stalled at the fourth traverse, and he ordered forward Bell's Brigade, but Bell was killed by sharpshooters
before ever reaching the fort. Seeing the Union attackers crowd into the breach and interior, General Whiting took the opportunity
to personally lead a counterattack. Charging into the Union soldiers, Whiting received multiple demands to surrender, and
when he refused he was shot down, severely wounded.
Porter's gunboats helped maintain the Federal momentum. His gunners' aim proved
to be deadly accurate and began clearing out the defenders as the Union troops approached the sea wall. Curtis's troops gained
the heavily contested 4th traverse. Colonel Lamb began gathering up every last soldier in the fort, including sick and wounded
from the hospital, for a last-ditch counterattack. Just as he was about to order a charge, he fell severely wounded and was
brought next to General Whiting in the fort's hospital. General Ames made a suggestion for the Union troops to entrench in
their current positions. Upon hearing this notion, a frenzied Curtis grabbed a spade and threw it over Confederate trenches
and shouted, "Dig Johnnies, for I'm coming for you." About an hour into the battle, Curtis fell wounded while going back to
confer with Ames. Colonel Pennypacker also fell wounded before the battle ended.
|Fort Fisher History
|Fort Fisher Defenses
|Fort Fisher Civil War History
|Cape Fear Defense System
The grueling battle lasted for hours, long after dark, as shells plunged in
from the sea and General Ames struggled with a division that became increasingly disorganized as his regimental leaders and
all of his brigade commanders fell dead or wounded. General Terry sent forward Abbott's brigade to reinforce the attack, then
joined Ames in the interior of the fortress. Meanwhile, in Fort Fisher's hospital, Colonel Lamb turned over command to Major
James Reilly, and General Whiting sent one last plea to General Bragg to send reinforcements. Still believing the situation
in Fort Fisher was under control and tired of Whiting's demands, Bragg instead dispatched General Alfred H. Colquitt to relieve
Whiting and assume command at Fort Fisher. At 9:30 p.m. Colquitt landed at the southern base of the fort just as Lamb, Whiting
and the Confederate wounded were being evacuated to Battery Buchanan.
At this point, the Confederate hold on Fort Fisher was untenable. The seaward batteries had been silenced,
almost all of the north wall had been captured, and Ames had fortified a bastion within the interior. Terry, however, had
concluded to finish the battle that night. Ames, ordered to maintain the offensive, organized a flanking maneuver, sending
some of his men to advance outside the land wall, and come up behind the Confederate defenders of the last traverse. Within
a few minutes the Confederate defeat was unmistakable. Colquitt and his staff rushed back to their rowboats just moments before
Abbott's men seized the wharf. Major Reilly held up a white flag and walked into the Union lines to announce the fort would
surrender. Just before 10 p.m. General Terry rode to Battery Buchanan to receive the official surrender of the fort from General
Aftermath: The loss of Fort Fisher sealed the fate
of the Confederacy's last remaining sea port and the South was cut off from global trade. Also, many of the military supplies
which the Army of Northern Virginia depended upon came through Wilmington; there were no remaining seaports near Virginia
that the Confederates could use practically. It also ended any chance of European recognition, being viewed "by many as the
final nail in the Confederate coffin." A month later, a Union army under General John M. Schofield would move up the Cape
Fear River and capture Wilmington.
On January 16, Union celebrations were dampened when the fort's magazine
exploded killing and wounding 200 Union soldiers and Confederate prisoners that were sleeping on the roof of the magazine
chamber or nearby. U.S. Navy Ensign Alfred Stow Leighton died in the explosion while in charge of a squad trying to recover
bodies from the fort parapet. Although several Union soldiers initially thought Confederate prisoners were responsible, an
investigation opened by Terry concluded that unknown Union soldiers (possibly drunken marines) had entered the magazine with
torches and ignited the powder.
William Lamb survived the battle but spent the next seven years on crutches.
General Whiting was taken prisoner and died while in Federal captivity. Colonel Galusha Pennypacker's wounds were thought
to have been fatal and General Terry assured the young man he would receive a brevet promotion (where the person promoted
would be authorised to wear the insignia of the new rank, but was paid the wages of his original rank) to brigadier general.
Pennypacker did receive a brevet promotion as Terry had promised but on February 18, 1865, he received a full promotion to
brigadier general of volunteers at age 20. He remains the youngest person to have held the rank of general in the U.S. Army
(apart from the Marquis de Lafayette). Newton Martin Curtis also received a full promotion to brigadier general and both he
and Pennypacker received the Medal of Honor for their part in the battle. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton made an unexpected
visit to Fort Fisher where General Terry presented him with garrison's flag.
|Second Battle of Fort Fisher
|Second Battle of Fort Fisher
Analysis: After Butler's removal, he was replaced by Major
General Alfred Terry, and the operation was dubbed "Terry's expedition." Admiral Porter was again in charge of the naval attack.
They waited until January 12, 1865, for the second attempt.
They started with a strong bombardment from 56 ships for two and a half
days. This targeted both of Fort Fisher's fronts. On January 15 at 3 p.m., 8,000 Union soldiers (who landed on January 12)
attacked at the Land Face. At the same time 2,000 Navy Sailors armed with small arms made a frontal assault on the fort's
northeast bastion. As the bombardment continued, the naval attack was repulsed while the Union infantry entered the fortification
through Shepherd Battery. Thus, the Confederate soldiers found themselves battling behind their walls, and were forced to
Altogether, the land battle lasted six hours. At nighttime, General William
Whiting, who had been wounded during the battle, surrendered as Commander of the District of Cape Fear. He was then imprisoned;
he died in prison March 10, 1865. The Confederates who had been captured and were not wounded were taken to the Federal Prison
located at Elmira, New York, and assigned to Company E, 3rd Division of Prisoners. Those Confederates that were wounded were
admitted to Hammond General Hospital and upon recovery were discharged and transferred to the main prison complex. Hammond
General Hospital was outside the Prison Compound at Point Lookout, Maryland. Many of the guards in the Prison at Point Lookout
were former slaves that had joined the Union ranks.
Reading: Confederate Goliath: The Battle of Fort
Fisher. From Publishers Weekly: Late in the Civil War, Wilmington, N.C., was the sole remaining seaport supplying Lee's army at Petersburg,
Va., with rations and munitions. In this dramatic account, Gragg describes the
two-phase campaign by which Union forces captured the fort that guarded Wilmington and the subsequent occupation of the city
itself--a victory that virtually doomed the Confederacy. In the initial phase in December 1864, General Ben Butler and Admiral
David Porter directed an unsuccessful amphibious assault against Fort
Fisher that included the war's heaviest artillery bombardment. Continued
try in January '65 brought General Alfred Terry's 9000-man army against 1500 ill-equipped defenders, climaxing in a bloody
hand-to-hand struggle inside the bastion and an overwhelming Union victory. Although historians tend to downplay the event,
it was nevertheless as strategically decisive as the earlier fall of either Vicksburg or Atlanta. Gragg
has done a fine job in restoring this important campaign to public attention. Includes numerous photos.
Reading: Hurricane of Fire: The Union Assault on Fort Fisher
(Hardcover). Review: In December 1864 and January 1865, Federal forces launched the greatest amphibious assault the world
had yet seen on the Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher,
near Wilmington, North Carolina.
This was the last seaport available to the South--all of the others had been effectively shut down by the Union's
tight naval blockade. The initial attack was a disaster; Fort
Fisher, built mainly out of beach sand, appeared almost impregnable against
a heavy naval bombardment. When troops finally landed, they were quickly repelled. Continued below…
A second attempt
succeeded and arguably helped deliver one of the death blows to a quickly fading Confederacy. Hurricane of Fire is a work
of original scholarship, ably complementing Rod Gragg's Confederate Goliath, and the first book to take a full account of
the navy's important supporting role in the assault.
Reading: Rebel Gibraltar: Fort Fisher and Wilmington, C.S.A. Description: Even before the rest of North Carolina joined her sister states in secession,
the people of the Lower Cape Fear were filled with enthusiasm for the Southern Cause - so much so that they actually seized
Forts Johnston and Caswell, at the mouth of the Cape Fear River, weeks before the first shots were fired at Fort Sumter. When
the state finally did secede, Wilmington became the most important port city of the Confederacy, keeping Robert E. Lee
supplied with the munitions and supplies he needed to fight the war against the North. Continued below…
like William Lamb and W.H.C. Whiting turned the sandy beaches of southern New Hanover and Brunswick Counties into a series
of fortresses that kept the Union
navy at bay for four years. The mighty Fort Fisher
and a series of smaller forts offered safe haven for daring blockade runners that brought in the Confederacy's much-needed
supplies. In the process, they turned the quiet port of Wilmington into a boomtown. In this book that was fifteen years in the making, James
L. Walker, Jr. has chronicled the story of the Lower Cape Fear and the forts and men that guarded it during America's bloodiest conflict, from the early days of the war to the fall of Wilmington in February 1865.
Reading: The Wilmington Campaign and the Battle for Fort Fisher, by Mark A. Moore. Description:
Full campaign and battle history of the largest combined operation in U.S.
military history prior to World War II. By late 1864, Wilmington
was the last major Confederate blockade-running seaport open to the outside world. The final battle for the port city's protector--Fort Fisher--culminated
in the largest naval bombardment of the American Civil War, and one of the worst hand-to-hand engagements in four years of
bloody fighting. Continued below…
including 54 original maps drawn by the author. Fresh new analysis on the fall of Fort Fisher, with a fascinating comparison
to Russian defenses at Sebastopol during the Crimean War. “A tour de force. Moore's Fort Fisher-Wilmington Campaign is the best publication of this
character that I have seen in more than 50 years.” -- Edwin C. Bearss, Chief Historian Emeritus, National Park Service
Reading: The Wilmington
Campaign: Last Departing Rays of Hope. Description: While prior books on the battle to capture Wilmington,
North Carolina, have focused solely on the epic struggles for Fort Fisher, in many respects this was just
the beginning of the campaign. In addition to complete coverage (with significant new information) of both battles for Fort Fisher, "The Wilmington Campaign" includes the first
detailed examination of the attack and defense of Fort Anderson. It also features blow-by-blow accounts of the defense of the Sugar Loaf Line
and of the operations of Federal warships on the Cape Fear River. This masterpiece of military
history proves yet again that there is still much to be learned about the American Civil War. Continued below…
Campaign is a splendid achievement. This gripping chronicle of the five-weeks' campaign up the Cape Fear River adds a crucial dimension
to our understanding of the Confederacy's collapse." -James McPherson, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Battle Cry of Freedom
Reading: A History of Ironclads: The Power of Iron over Wood. Description: This
landmark book documents the dramatic history of Civil War ironclads and reveals how ironclad warships revolutionized naval
warfare. Author John V. Quarstein explores in depth the impact of ironclads during the Civil War and their colossal effect
on naval history. The Battle of Hampton Roads was one of history's greatest naval engagements. Over the course of two days
in March 1862, this Civil War conflict decided the fate of all the world's navies. It was the first battle between ironclad
warships, and the 25,000 sailors, soldiers and civilians who witnessed the battle vividly understood what history would soon
confirm: wars waged on the seas would never be the same. Continued below…
About the Author: John V. Quarstein is an award-winning author and historian. He is director
of the Virginia
War Museum in Newport News and chief historical advisor for The Mariners' Museum's new USS Monitor Center
(opened March 2007). Quarstein has authored eleven books and dozens of articles on American, military and Civil War history,
and has appeared in documentaries for PBS, BBC, The History Channel and Discovery Channel.
Recommended Reading: Masters of the Shoals: Tales of the Cape Fear Pilots Who Ran the Union Blockade. Description: Lavishly illustrated stories of daring harbor pilots who risked their lives
for the Confederacy. Following the Union's blockade of the South's waterways, the survival
of the Confederacy depended on a handful of heroes-daring harbor pilots and ship captains-who would risk their lives and cargo
to outrun Union ships and guns. Their tales of high adventure and master seamanship became legendary. Masters of the Shoals
brings to life these brave pilots of Cape Fear
who saved the South from gradual starvation. Continued below…
"A valuable and meticulous accounting of one chapter of the South's failing struggle against the Union." -- Washington Times 03/06/04
"An interesting picture of a little appreciated band of professionals...Well documented...an easy read." -- Civil War
News June 2004
"An interesting picture of a little appreciated band of professionals...Will be of special interest to Civil War naval
enthusiasts." -- Civil War News May 2004
"Offers an original view of a vital but little-known aspect of blockade running." -- Military Images 03/01/04
"Surveys the whole history of the hardy seamen who guided ships around the Cape
Fear's treacherous shoals." -- Wilmington
"The story [McNeil] writes is as personal as a family memoir, as authoritative and enthusiastic as the best history."
-- The Advocate 11/15/03
“Outstanding and compelling depictions of seamen courage and tenacity...Heroic, stirring, and gripping stories
of the men that dared to confront the might and power of the US Navy.” – americancivilwarhistory.org
Sources: National Park Service; Library of Congress; Chaitin, Peter M., ed.
(1984). The Coastal War: Chesapeake to the Rio Grande. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books. ISBN 0-8094-4732-0; Fonvielle, Chris
E. Jr. (1997). Last Rays of Departing Hope: The Wilmington Campaign. Campbell, CA.: Savas Publishing Company. ISBN 1-882810-09-0;
Gragg, Rod (1994). Confederate Goliath: The Battle of Fort Fisher. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 9780807119174;
Kennedy, Frances H., ed. (1998). The Civil War Battlefield Guide (2nd ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-74012-6. | <urn:uuid:05aaf660-39d6-4b97-b5a1-a8a846ee343b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thomaslegioncherokee.tripod.com/battle_of_fort_fisher.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00308-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946928 | 4,814 | 3.484375 | 3 |
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There are currently no reviews for this product. | <urn:uuid:e28d1917-4e90-4e34-b9d9-0a9a7c3610a6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.boosey.com/shop/prod/Johnson-Mahler-His-Life-Music-Book-2-CDs/2001225 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00170-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935932 | 148 | 1.5625 | 2 |
- Open Access
Association mapping reveals a reciprocal virulence/avirulence locus within diverse US Pyrenophora teres f. maculata isolates
BMC Genomics volume 23, Article number: 285 (2022)
Spot form net blotch (SFNB) caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm) is an economically important disease of barley that also infects wheat. Using genetic analysis to characterize loci in Ptm genomes associated with virulence or avirulence is an important step to identify pathogen effectors that determine compatible (virulent) or incompatible (avirulent) interactions with cereal hosts. Association mapping (AM) is a powerful tool for detecting virulence loci utilizing phenotyping and genotyping data generated for natural populations of plant pathogenic fungi.
Restriction-site associated DNA genotyping-by-sequencing (RAD-GBS) was used to generate 4,836 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for a natural population of 103 Ptm isolates collected from Idaho, Montana and North Dakota. Association mapping analyses were performed utilizing the genotyping and infection type data generated for each isolate when challenged on barley seedlings of thirty SFNB differential barley lines. A total of 39 marker trait associations (MTAs) were detected across the 20 barley lines corresponding to 30 quantitative trait loci (QTL); 26 novel QTL and four that were previously mapped in Ptm biparental populations. These results using diverse US isolates and barley lines showed numerous barley-Ptm genetic interactions with seven of the 30 Ptm virulence/avirulence loci falling on chromosome 3, suggesting that it is a reservoir of diverse virulence effectors. One of the loci exhibited reciprocal virulence/avirulence with one haplotype predominantly present in isolates collected from Idaho increasing virulence on barley line MXB468 and the alternative haplotype predominantly present in isolates collected from North Dakota and Montana increasing virulence on barley line CI9819.
Association mapping provided novel insight into the host pathogen genetic interactions occurring in the barley-Ptm pathosystem. The analysis suggests that chromosome 3 of Ptm serves as an effector reservoir in concordance with previous reports for Pyrenophora teres f. teres, the causal agent of the closely related disease net form net blotch. Additionally, these analyses identified the first reported case of a reciprocal pathogen virulence locus. However, further investigation of the pathosystem is required to determine if multiple genes or alleles of the same gene are responsible for this genetic phenomenon.
Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm) is a globally important necrotrophic foliar pathogen that causes the disease spot form net blotch (SFNB) of barley. In some growing regions, SFNB is considered the most prevalent foliar disease of barley with severity reported up to 55% on the upper leaves corresponding to yield losses of 44%. In recent years, Ptm has also been identified in the field infecting wheat [3, 4], which raises the alarm of an emerging wheat pathogen that could potentially cause yield and quality losses in this globally important crop.
Pyrenophora teres f. maculata and its close relative, Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt) the cause of net form net blotch [5, 6], produce at least four toxins, known as Toxins A, B, C and D that are secondary metabolites produced in the same biosynthetic pathway [7,8,9,10]. However, many of the effectors utilized by necrotrophic pathogens have been shown to be proteinaceous effectors that interact with and activate host immunity receptor responses . These host immunity receptors typically induce programmed cell death (PCD) that evolved to provide resistance against biotrophic pathogens that require living host cells to extract nutrients from the host. In these typical gene-for-gene resistance interactions, the host immune system recognizes the presence of the biotrophic pathogen, sequesters it and its feeding structures within foci of dead cells, restricting access to nutrients and effectively stops colonization. However, necrotrophic pathogens that can acquire nutrients from dying and dead tissue evolved necrotrophic effectors (NEs) that are recognized by host immunity receptors eliciting PCD immunity responses. These inverse gene-for-gene interactions resulting from necrotrophic effector triggered susceptibility (NETS) have been characterized for other members of the Dothideomycetes . Thus, diverse necrotrophic fungal pathogens have evolved to hijack the major plant immunity mechanisms to proliferate, and complete their lifecycles utilizing NETS to facilitate disease development . This contrasts with traditional gene-for-gene relationships characterized in plant-biotrophic pathogen incompatible interactions . Interestingly, Ptm undergoes an early latent phase during colonization, where structures resembling haustoria form indicating a brief biotrophic phase, followed by the rapid conversion to a necrotrophic lifestyle . Considering that Ptm may be a hemi-biotroph , both gene-for-gene and inverse gene-for-gene host-parasite genetic interactions determining avirulence or virulence could occur in the barley-Ptm pathosystem.
Genetic mapping utilizing Ptt bi-parental populations have identified marker trait associations (MTA) with avirulence that follow the gene-for-gene model [15,16,17]. However, NEs hypothesized to function in inverse gene-for-gene interactions have been predominantly mapped using Ptt bi-parental populations [15,16,17,18,19] and more recently utilizing association mapping (AM) . Only a single study has reported on the use of a Ptm bi-parental population to map virulence loci and to date AM utilizing a natural Ptm population had not been reported. Avirulence and virulence effectors produced by Ptm and Ptt have been shown to be unique based on genetic analyses and it was hypothesized that host resistance genes for the two pathogens only showed partial overlap suggesting that the two pathogens should be considered distinct when deploying host resistance genes.
Two-enzyme restriction-site association DNA genotyping-by-sequencing (RAD-GBS) has been shown as effective method to genotype P. teres and performed exclusively in bi-parental populations [19, 21, 22]. AM is a powerful alternate approach to bi-parental population development that has been successfully applied in the barley-P. teres pathosystem to identify markers associated with host resistance/susceptibility loci [23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33] and recently pathogen avirulence/virulence loci within Ptt . The first Ptt AM study identified 14 unique genomic loci associated with virulence, with four of the loci validated by quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in two bi-parental populations . In the past decade, optimization of AM algorithms have been achieved with the most recent association mapping package released being Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK) in 2018 . The BLINK package utilizes linkage disequilibrium (LD) information to infer the relatedness of individuals to replace the previous binning method of SUPER and FarmCPU algorithms. The BLINK algorithms effectively reduced the number of steps required by the user (LD pruning and kinship construction), and computational burden, while simultaneously suppressing false positive and increasing true positive MTAs .
For the first time we report on the use of AM to identify MTA with virulence or avirulence loci utilizing a population of Ptm. Thirty differential barley lines were used to phenotype a population of 103 Ptm isolates collected from the three highest producing barley states of the United States (Table 1). This work provides the initial genetic information to identify and characterize NEs or other genetic factors that determine Ptm virulence or avirulence. The effectors underlying these loci determine the outcome, compatibility (susceptibility) -vs- incompatibility (resistance), in this complex pathosystem and the information generated will aid in the intelligent deployment of durable resistance. In the barley-P. teres pathosystem, it has become apparent that breeding strategies will require the elimination of host susceptibility targets that function within the inverse gene-for-gene model while maintaining resistance mechanisms that function in the classical gene-for-gene mechanism. Adding to this complexity are important loci with antagonistic host resistance and susceptibility genes that are genetically linked within loci .
Association mapping panel
Genotyping data that met quality parameters such as optimization for high quality SNPs, filtering for < 35% missing data, ≥ 3 minimum read depth, and 2 maximum alleles, yielded 4,836 informative SNPs spread across the twelve Ptm chromosomes for 103 of the 177 isolates evaluated for virulence. Thus, 103 of the Ptm isolates were sufficiently genotyped and were included in the AM panel.
The phenotypic distributions of the 103 genotyped isolates varied on the 30 barley lines challenged with the Ptm isolates (Table 2, Fig. 1). Five barley lines CI3576, CI9776, CIho3694, MXB468, and PI467729 showed a strong differential response of 3 or more, with infection types ranging from 1.0 to 4.3 (2.87 ± 0.80), 1.3 to 4.5 (2.46 ± 0.65), 1.3 to 4.3 (2.31 ± 0.60), 1.3 to 4.3 (2.19 ± 0.74), and 1.8 to 4.8 (3.38 ± 0.55, Table 2), respectively. Eighteen barley lines showed a moderate differential response of 2 to less than 3 (Table 2). Seven of the thirty barley lines showed poor differential lesion reactions, with differences between the most and least virulent isolates being 1.8 or less on Pinnacle, Ciho14219, Skiff, CI5791, PI485524, PI498434, and TR326 (Table 2).
Linkage disequilibrium, population structure and kinship
Four principal components, Q4, explained 26.3% of the variation, and fifteen principal components, Q15, explained 50.2% of the variation (Supplemental Fig. 1 & 2). Both were used as cofactors in the mixed model analyses. The first four principal components explained 11.8%, 7.8%, 3.7% and 2.9% of the variation, with the remaining eleven principal components accounting for 1.8–2.6% of the variation (Supplemental Fig. 2). As STRUCTURE analysis only revealed two subpopulations despite the use of six sampling locations (Supplemental Fig. 3), this was not used as a covariate as these would be linearly correlated. The eastern North Dakota (ND) isolates were more closely related to the Montana (MT) isolates, with western ND isolates forming a separate population despite being in closer proximity to MT. The Idaho (ID) isolates formed an admixture population of the two subpopulations. In addition, construction of an EMMA kinship matrix corroborated these results with western ND forming two clusters, eastern ND and MT forming two clusters and ID forming an admixture group (data not shown).
Linkage disequilibrium decay was estimated by performing local polynomial regression of R2 values from pairwise comparisons of all markers using physical distances along the chromosome (Supplemental File 1). The genome wide LD decay was estimated to be approximately 7 kbp at an R2 of 0.1, with rapid decay from half of the maximum at approximately 4.2 kbp to background level at approximately 75 kbp (Supplemental Fig. 4 & 5).
Association mapping analyses
To control for false positives, two naïve models and six different mixed models (BLINK, BLINKBinary, BLINKPC4, BLINKPC4+Binary, BLINKPC15, and BLINKPC15+Binary) were evaluated to identify MTAs for Ptm virulence/avirulence using the 1–5 Ptm infection type scale and binary scale (virulent or avirulent) and for the mating type (MAT) locus as an additional control. Because LD is used to construct the kinship matrix in BLINK, neither LD pruning, nor a kinship matrix are required . The current factors that determine the number of models utilized is dependent on accounting for population structure and ensuring that the phenotype scale has sufficient differential power. To address this, we corrected for population structure by using principal components accounting for 25 and 50% of the genetic variation and used both a standard phenotyping scale and a binary conversion to increase the differential power. The model with the best fit to the expected p-values (QQ plot) and lowest mean square difference (MSD) (Table 2; Supplemental Table 2) was selected as optimal.
No single model was best for all interactions; however, the standard BLINK model was the optimal model with seven of the 30 barley lines identifying significant MTAs (Fig. 2), followed by five in the binary BLINK models (Fig. 3), three in the binary BLINK model with population structure (PC4, Fig. 4), two in both the binary (Fig. 4) and standard (Fig. 5) models incorporating additional population structure (PC15) and one in the standard BLINK model incorporating population structure (PC4, Fig. 5). The standard and binary BLINK models accounting for additional population structure (PC15) generally overfitted the models, except in the case of CIho4050 and PI565826 in the standard model and Chebec and CI5791 in the binary model. Therefore, these models were visualized together with the standard and binary PC4 models. The MAT type was used as the phenotypic control, and all models successfully identified a significant MTA 6.5 kb proximal to the known MAT type locus on Ptm chromosome 9 (Supplemental Fig. 6).
Twenty out of the thirty barley genotype-Ptm interactions yielded 39 significant MTAs for virulence/avirulence across eight of the twelve chromosomes, corresponding to 30 unique loci (Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5, Table 3). All five of the barley lines showing strong differential phenotypic scores (≥ 3) identified significant MTAs. Also, eleven out of the 18 barley lines showing moderate differential responses (< 3.0 > 1.8) and four out of seven barley lines showing poor phenotypic differential reactions (≤ 1.8) identified significant MTAs in the analyses. The majority of the barley lines identified one significant MTA (nine lines), followed by two (six lines), four (three lines) and three MTAs (two lines, Tables 2 and 3). MTAs were not identified on the resistant (CIho14219) and susceptible (Pinnacle) checks, along with 81–82/033, Arimont, Keel, Skiff, CIho2353, PI392501, PI485524, and PI513205. In addition, the standard BLINK model, binary BLINK model, binary models accounting for population structure (PC4 and PC15), and standard BLINK with population structure (PC4 and PC15) identified 16, eight, five, five, one and four significant MTAs, respectively (Table 2).
In respect to chromosomes, significant MTAs were detected on chromosome 1 (seven MTAs), chromosome 2 (four MTAs), chromosome 3 (13 MTAs), chromosome 4 (three MTAs), chromosome 5 (four MTAs), chromosome 8 (two MTAs), chromosome 10 (one MTA), and chromosome 11 (five MTAs). MTAs were clustered together into a quantitative trait locus (QTL) if they were within 7 kbp based on the LD decay estimates to be 7 kbp at an R2 value of 0.1. Based on the clustering for QTL designations, QTL Ptm_QTL9 was identified with four barley lines (CI9819, MXB468, PI467729 and PI573662), exhibiting reciprocal virulence in that both haplotypes provide virulence on differing barley lines, QTL Ptm_QTL7 with three lines (Chebec, Kombar and TR250), and QTL Ptm_QTL5 (Kombar and CI7584) and Ptm_QTL14 (TR326 and PI498434) with two lines. Despite no models identifying a significant MTA for the barley line Keel, one that corresponded to a novel QTL on chromosome 6 was nearly significant (Table 3).
The lines CI3576 and CI9776 show a similar phenotypic distribution as MXB468 with increased susceptibility to the ID isolates. Likewise, the lines CI7584, CI9214, Kombar, and TR250 show similar phenotypic distribution to CI9819 with increased susceptibility to the ND and MT isolates. However, in these cases the reciprocal virulence locus (Ptm_QTL9) was not identified as being responsible. Instead, for CI3576 two QTL designated Ptm_QTL12 and Ptm_QTL30 were identified on chromosomes 3 and 11 accounting for 37.6 and 45.4% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. In the case of CI9776, the locus Ptm_QTL3 was identified on chromosome 1 and accounted for 22.7% of the variation. In the case of CI7584, one locus designated Ptm_QTL5, was also identified on chromosome 1 accounting for 28.8% of the phenotypic variation. For CI9214, two loci were identified with Ptm_QTL15 on chromosome 3 and Ptm_QTL20 on chromosome 5 accounting for 20.2 and 5.6% of the phenotypic variation. On Kombar, four QTL were detected, Ptm_QTL4, Ptm_QTL5, Ptm_QTL7, and Ptm_QTL26 on chromosomes 1, 1, 2 and 11 that account for 18.8, 23.0, 25.9 and 2.0% of the phenotypic variation. Ptm_QTL4 has previously been mapped as QTL1ABC in a P-A14/CAWB05Pt-4 biparental mapping population (pers. comm. Tim Friesen). For the TR250 barley line, a total of three QTL were identified, Ptm_QTL7, Ptm_QTL25 and Ptm_QTL28 on chromosomes 2, 10 and 11 accounting for 22.7, 0.4 and 16.5%, respectively. In respect to Chebec, a further three QTL were identified in addition to Ptm_QTL7 that only accounted for 0.7% of the phenotypic variation. The remaining QTL identified with Chebec include Ptm_QTL10, Ptm_QTL23 and Ptm_QTL27 on chromosomes 3, 8 and 11 that account for 43.2, 1.4 and 22.8% of the phenotypic variation.
A total of 202 candidate genes were identified within the 30 unique loci (Supplemental File 2), ranging from one to 23 candidate genes. Of the 202 translated proteins, a total of ten and 78 are predicted to be apoplastic or cytoplasmic effectors, respectively (Supplemental Table 3). This resulted in a total of 85 and 117 predicted effectors and non-effectors, respectively, as EffectorP 3.0 occasionally is not conclusive in determining if a predicted effector is apoplastic or cytoplasmic. Of the predicted non-effector translated proteins, these proteins contain homology to proteins such as transporters, catalytic enzymes, secondary metabolite synthesis enzymes and inhibitors.
The Ptm isolates used in this study were collected from the three highest barley producing states within the US spread across the Pacific Northwest and the Upper Midwestern US representing a large geographic region (1240 km from Blackfoot, ID to Langdon, ND). The Pacific Northwest and Upper Midwest are separated by the Rocky Mountains and may be the cause of the two subpopulations identified via EMMA kindship matrix and STRUCTURE analysis. AM algorithms have seen iterative improvements over the years to the most recent release of BLINK , that provides numerous benefits in usability, processing time and model reduction. This allowed for the detection of considerable amount of significant MTAs identified in this study despite the stringent cutoff. When assessing the gene space of each QTL, several QTL only contained a single candidate gene indicating the power of BLINK (Supplemental Table 3). In addition, all QTL either have predicted effectors or genes predicted to have homology to genes that facilitate pathogenicity such as transporters for nutrient acquisition , secondary metabolite synthesis enzymes to attack the host , and inhibitors and catalytic enzymes for protection .
Barley lines of particular interest that failed to identify significant MTA were 81–82/033, Skiff and PI392501. These lines have previously been used to map association with virulence in bi-parental populations between the US isolate FGOB10Ptm-1 and the Australian isolate SG1 . Carlsen et al. identified two to four QTL with 81–82/033, Skiff, PI392501 and TR326. This would suggest that effectors interacting with 81–82/033, Skiff and PI392501 are fixed or at low frequency within the US population compared to the wider cross of FGOB10Ptm-1 and SG1 used by Carlsen et al. and therefore were not detected in this study. The fourth line used by Carlsen et al. , TR326 had previously identified two QTL, vQTL1A and vQTL5, on chromosomes 1 and 5, respectively, with both being contributed by FGOB10Ptm-1 and not identified in this study. However, the two QTL Ptm_QTL14 and Ptm_QTL19 identified in this study present on chromosomes 3 and 5, respectively, were not identified in the previous bi-parental mapping study. The bi-parental and association mapping both identified a QTL on chromosome 5 using TR326, however, these loci did not colocalize and thus appear to be distinct. In addition, the locus vQTL1ABC identified with all four lines by Carlsen et al. was also identified with PI269151 in this study suggesting this region may harbor multiple virulence/avirulence effectors. The locus Ptm_QTL14, identified with TR326 and PI498434 colocalizes with QTL3B identified in a biparental mapping population of US isolate P-A14 and US wild barley grass isolate CAWB05Pt-4 (Friesen, T. et al. unpublished). Based on the interval of QTL3B this also places Ptm_QTL15 under the same locus. The fact that two loci were identified via association mapping and one single broader QTL in biparental mapping may be due to the use of a natural population that has undergone more recombination to break the linkage between these two loci.
The most interesting locus, Ptm_QTL9, was identified with CI9819, MXB468, PI467729, PI573662 (Figs. 2, 3 and 5). The barley line CI9819 exhibited increased susceptibility to the ND and MT subpopulation isolates, whereas MXB468, PI467729 and PI573662 exhibited increased susceptibility to the ID isolates (Fig. 1). Ptm_QTL9 was the only QTL identified on barley lines CI9819 and MXB468 whereas, Ptm_QTL17 was identified with barley line PI467729 and Ptm_QTL2, Ptm_QTL16 and Ptm_QTL29 with barley line PI573662. However, Ptm_QTL9 was still the major locus identified with PI467729 and PI573662. To date, Ptm and Ptt effectors have shown virulence/avirulence dichotomy , with the previous case of reciprocal virulence profiles mapping to separate loci in the Ptt bi-parental cross between isolates 15A and 6A [18, 44]. Mapping the effectors on lines Rika and Kombar determined that four independent effector loci were responsible for the phenomenon, with Ptt isolate 6A harboring VR1 and VR2 contributing virulence on Rika, and Ptt isolate 15A harboring VK1 and VK2 contributing virulence on Kombar with each pair of effectors being functionally redundant . Whether Ptm_QTL7 identified on the proximal end of chromosome 2 with TR250, Kombar and Chebec in this study is VK2, which was initially identified on the distal end of chromosome 2 in Ptt is yet to be determined and will require further research. Interestingly, all four virulence loci (VR1, VR2, VK1, and VK2) interact with the barley Spt1 dominant susceptibility locus on barley chromosome 6H [18, 44] and the Rika and Kombar alleles of Spt1 confer reciprocal susceptibility to 6A and 15A, respectively. Ptm_QTL9 appears to be a novel locus not previously identified and may be the first case of a single effector providing reciprocal virulence profiles shown on barley lines MXB468 and CI9819 (Fig. 6). Currently, this locus appears to parallel the same phenomena found in the host with the Rpt5/Spt1 locus having been identified as a susceptibility locus to different isolates in Kombar and Rika and a resistant locus in CI5791 [18, 44,45,46]. Further research is required to determine if a single allelic gene, or multiple genes at the Ptm_QTL9 locus may be responsible for the reciprocal virulence profiles found most strikingly with barley lines MXB468 and CI9819.
MTAs were not detected with seven of the barley lines when challenged with the US Ptm population. This is not surprising given that these barley lines had moderate to low differential power for the phenotypic reactions using the 1–5 Ptm scale . This may raise the prospect of using a microscopic phenotyping scale to dissect the minute details of infection, such as that used in barley stripe rust to increase the differential power of macroscopic phenotyping . In addition, failure to identify virulence/avirulence MTA on some barley lines could be due to insufficient marker saturation. Due to the fact that LD decay was estimated to be 7 kbp at an R2 value of 0.1 (Supplemental Fig. 2), additional MTA could have been identified with greater marker saturation as RAD-GBS is known to have intrinsic bias on SNP distribution due to the location of restriction sites and requirement to size select fragments for sequencing. This is supported by the recent Ptm genome assemblies showing genomes ranging from 38.2 to 42.7 Mbp in size for an average marker coverage of a SNP every ~ 8 kbp across the Ptm genome which is greater than the estimated LD decay in this study.
Four of the top five MTAs in respect to phenotypic variation were on chromosome 3 (Table 3). These findings demonstrate the complexity of molecular interactions on Ptm chromosome 3, suggesting that chromosome 3 contains a reservoir of Ptm effectors involved in host–pathogen interactions. These findings are similar to those of the first Ptt GWAS that found chromosome 3 and 5 to be substantial reservoirs of effector loci . Since Ptt and Ptm are not documented to have accessory chromosomes [48,49,50], unlike other plant pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporium, Magnoporthe orzyae, and Parastagonospora nodorum [51,52,53], chromosome 3 of P. teres may be an accessory-like region embedded within the core genome . Both association and bi-parental mapping will be vital to monitor novel virulence effectors that emerge and understand how they are influenced by selection pressures such as barley variety and weather; and to determine the virulence profiles of isolates for intelligent deployment of resistant sources. Validation and characterization of the genes underlying these loci will expedite the release of resistant lines by providing the ability to test single gene interactions. In addition, diagnostic assays can be developed for determining the effectors present in pathogen populations. Lastly, the virulence effectors present in Ptm could be valuable in understanding how it is evolving to become a wheat pathogen.
Understanding virulence loci present in pathogen populations and how they interact with the host is important for deploying effective resistance in the field. The quantity of loci detected in this study show that the barley-Ptm interactions have evolved to be highly complex. The power of BLINK is evident by the ability to identify a single gene underlying some of the QTL in this study. Using multiple barley lines, we also corroborate that chromosome 3 is a reservoir of P. teres virulence genes with the identification of seven unique loci. In addition, the identification of reciprocal virulence loci, Ptm_QTL9 draws parallels to the Rpt5/Spt1 locus on the host side where it has not been confirmed whether multiple genes are at play or a single allelic gene is responsible for dominant susceptibility -vs- dominant resistant responses. To our knowledge, this reciprocal virulence at a single locus is the first such case reported in a plant pathogen.
Isolate collection, phenotyping, and genotyping
A population of 177 viable isolates were collected from six locations representing three geographically diverse regions across ND, eastern MT, and eastern ID during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons (Table 1). The ND isolates were collected from North Dakota State University Research and Extension Centers at Dickinson, Fargo, Langdon, and Nesson Valley. The MT population was obtained from Anheuser-Busch research plots in Sidney, MT. The ID population was collected from a commercial field approximately 32 km west of Blackfoot, ID. All sites were sampled at one time period during the growing season, with sampling at ND and MT targeting the top three leaves (flag, flag-minus-one, flag-minus-two) at full head emergence to soft dough stage. At Dickinson, Langdon, Nesson Valley, ND and Sydney, MT trap plots of the six-rowed barley variety Tradition and two-rowed barley variety Pinnacle were sampled. Only one field of Pinnacle was sampled in Fargo, ND. The sample collection from Blackfoot, ID, was isolated from 21 arbitrarily selected leaves with spot-type lesions that were collected from the upper canopy of a field of the two-rowed barley variety Moravian 69 provided by Dr. Juliet Marshall (University of Idaho).
To induce sporulation from symptomatic leaf tissue 2–3 cm leaf sections containing spot-type lesions were surface-sanitized in a 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for two minutes, then rinsed three times in sterile reverse-osmosis water and blotted dry with sterile paper towels. The leaf sections were placed on water agar plates and incubated in the dark for one to seven days. Spores consistent with P. teres morphology that formed along the margins of the lesions were transferred to petri plates containing V8-PDA growth medium. The V8-PDA growth media contained 150 mL of V8 juice, 10 g potato dextrose agar (Difco Laboratories Inc, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), 3 g calcium carbonate, and 10 g agar per liter. Single spore germination and sporulation was induced under complete dark for up to seven days. Single-spore isolation was performed a second time to ensure the isolates were monoconidial and were allowed to grow for seven to ten days on fresh V8-PDA plates in the dark, then cut into 4-mm plugs and air-dried before long term storage at -20C.
Each of the 177 Ptm isolates were inoculated onto a set of thirty barley lines selected for their differential response to a diverse global collection of Ptm isolates (Supplemental Table 1). The inoculations and disease assays were performed as described in Neupane et al. (2015) using a 1 to 5 scale with at least three independent replications . In brief two to three seeds of each barley line were planted per cone, with a mean phenotypic score of two cones for each line accounting for one replication. The mean of the three replications were used as the input for association mapping. Phenotypes were also converted to a binary code to denote resistance (0) or susceptibility (1) using the the value of 3–5 as susceptible and 1–2 as resistant . DNA was extracted and isolates were genotyped using a two-enzyme RAD-GBS approach based on the method of Leboldus et al. (2015) with minor modifications . In brief, DNA was extracted using a modified CTAB method and RAD-GBS libraries were constructed by normalizing extracted DNA to 400 to 600 ng. The gDNA was serially digesting with the CpG methylation sensitive restriction enzymes HhaI and ApeKI, and ligated with universal and unique adapters that allowed bulking of samples and sequencing on the Ion Torrent PGM system to generate raw sequence data. Quality of raw sequences were assessed using FastQC and MultiQC and subsequently trimmed using Trimmomatic 0.39 . Trimmed sequencing reads were aligned to the Ptm isolate FGOB10Ptm-1 genome assembly using the mem command in Burrows-Wheeler Aligner 0.7.17 , and processed with samtools view, sort and index subcommands . Genotypes were called using the HaplotypeCaller tool from the Genome Analysis Toolkit 188.8.131.52 resulting in 195,403 unique sites. Markers were filtered using vcftools 0.1.16 for genotype quality (> 30), minimum depth (≥ 3), maximum alleles (2), and missing data (90%) yielding 107,696 sites across 127 individuals. Subsequently, markers and individuals were sequentially filtered for missing data at 50% and 35% missing data thresholds to maximize data retention, resulting in 4,836 sites containing informative SNPs across the twelve Ptm chromosomes from 103 isolates. Missing calls were imputed using Beagle 5.1 using standard settings.
Linkage disequilibrium, population structure and kinship
Due to the fact that the BLINK package utilizes LD information to infer relatedness and replace the previously developed binning method of SUPER and FarmCPU algorithms, neither LD pruning of markers or construction of kinship matrices were performed for downstream AM. The EMMA matrix was constructed within GAPIT using the ‘kinship.algorithm = EMMA’ command to investigate population structure. However, LD was calculated for the purpose of binning MTAs into QTL post-AM with PLINK 1.90 with the following settings ld-window-R2 0, ld-window 9999 and ld-window-kb 5292.
Population structure was evaluated via principal components analysis (PCA) and STRUCTURE (Q) analysis using GAPIT 3 in R 3.6.3 (R Core Team) and STRUCTURE 2.3.4 , respectively. For PCA, the generated eigenvectors for each of the principal component were used to explain at least 25% (PC4) and 50% (PC15) of the variation. STRUCTURE analysis was performed using an admixture ancestry model with a burn-in of 10,000, followed by 25,000 Monte Carlo Markov Chain replications for k = 1 through k = 10 with ten iterations to determine the optimal number of subpopulations. The resulting files were zipped and uploaded to STRUCTURE HARVESTER to identify the optimal k value of subpopulations using the Δk method . The optimal k = 2 value was used to run a new STRUCTURE analysis using a burn-in of 100,000 and 250,000 replications.
Association mapping analyses
All association analyses were conducted in GAPIT 3 using the BLINK algorithm in comparison to naïve models using a general linear model. The BLINK models were tested with and without population structure that was generated via PCA and in standard or binary phenotyping formats. Each of the thirty barley lines were analyzed with the eight models separately, and the best model was selected based on an acceptable MSD value and visual inspection of the QQ plot for best fit to the expected p-values. Any model with an MSD value less than 0.005 was considered acceptable based on the MAT type control models successfully identifying the locus to a very high confidence and with the highest MSD value of 0.004486. Bonferroni correction was used at the α-level of 0.05 and 0.01 across the 4,836 markers and MTA were considered significant at p-value ≤ 0.00001033912 and 0.00000206782, corresponding to -log10(p-value) ≥ 4.99 and 5.68, respectively. The p-values of models with significant MTAs were parsed out and final Manhattan and QQ plots generated with the CMplot package in R 3.6.3. Marker effects and R2 values were calculated using single marker linear regression in R 3.6.3.
A candidate gene list for each interval was generated by using the non-significant flanking markers of each QTL and subsequently parsing and translating the coding sequence of each gene using the FGOB10Ptm-1 genome in Geneious Prime® 2020.0.1 (https://www.geneious.com). Resulting translated proteins were examined with SignalP 2.0 and EffectorP 3.0 . If the translated protein was not predicted to be an effector, the protein was tested for homology to other proteins/domains using BLASTP 2.12.0 + [71, 72].
Availability of data and materials
The raw sequencing data generated was submitted to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive database and is openly available under BioProject ID PRJNA749305 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA749305) and accession numbers SAMN20363786 through SAMN20363888.
Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway
Mean Square Difference
Marker Trait Association
Principal Component Analysis
- Ptm :
Pyrenophora teres F. maculata
- Ptt :
Pyrenophora teres F. teres
Quantitative Trait Loci
Restriction site Associated DNA – Genotyping by Sequencing
Spot Form Net Blotch
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
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We would like to acknowledge Juliet Marshall for providing the barley leaf tissue for collecting Idaho Ptm isolates, Pat Gross and Tom Gross for laboratory and green house support, and Nathan Wyatt for information on colocalizing loci.
The research presented in this manuscript was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project 1014919, Crop Improvement and Sustainable Production Systems (WSU reference 00011).
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Experimental research and field studies on plants, including the collection of plant material, was in accordance with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation.
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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplemental File 1. R2valuesfor all pairwise comparisons across the chromosomes within the genome.
Supplemental File 2. Translated candidategene listed used for entry into SignalP, EffectorP and BLASTP.
Supplemental Table 1. Characteristic of thebarley lines used in the phenotypic assays. Supplemental Table 2. Mean square deviation values for all modelsperformed on each barley genotype. Supplemental Table 3. Characteristics of thecandidate genes underlying the 30 unique loci.
Supplemental Figure 1. Principal component analysis scatter plot ofthe first two principal components color coded by isolate origin location.
Supplemental Figure 2. Scree plot of the eigenvalues of the first 15principal components accounting for 50% of the variation.
Supplemental Figure 3. Proportion of genetic makeup of an isolateattributed to either A. twosubpopulations (Δk=2) or B. sixsubpopulations (Δk =6) of the US Pyrenophorateres f. maculata collectionbased on 4,836 SNP markers. Grouping numbers on the x axis represent the location of origin with Fargo (1), Langdon(2), Dickinson (3), Nesson Valley (4), Sidney (5) and Blackfoot (6). Clusteringwas performed using STRUCTURE v2.3.4. C. Line graph constructed usingSTRUCTURE HARVESTER with Δk and number of subpopulations present withinthe Pyrenophora teres f. maculata population using the STRUCTUREanalysis. The peak indicates the predicted number of subpopulations.
Supplemental Figure 4. Pairwise linkage decay between allintrachromosomal marker pairs along all 12 Pyrenophorateres f. maculata chromosomes and group based on R2value, with red pixelsindicating higher linkage disequilibrium. Chromosome base position on both thex and y axis correspond to the longest Pyrenophorateres f. maculata chromosome.
Supplemental Figure 5. Linkage decay plot with R2values plotted against marker physical distance alongthe respective chromosome and scaled to the largest chromosome. The blue curveis based on a nonlinear locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (loess)regression with 95% confidence interval.
Supplemental Figure 6. A.Manhattan plot for mating type locus. Bonferroni correction threshold isindicated by the solid (α-level0.05) and dashed (α-level0.01) red lines. SNP density is indicated along the bottom of the plot with thecorresponding heat scale shown to the left and the 12 Pyrenophora teresf. maculata chromosomes (Chr) designated below. The mating type (MAT)locus is shown below each chromosome. B.QQ plots for corresponding models identifying the MAT type locus with 95%confidence interval shown by the shaded color. The Manhattan and QQ plots weregenerated using CMplot in R 3.6.3.
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Clare, S.J., Duellman, K.M., Richards, J.K. et al. Association mapping reveals a reciprocal virulence/avirulence locus within diverse US Pyrenophora teres f. maculata isolates. BMC Genomics 23, 285 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08529-1
- Pyrenophora teres f. maculata
- Association mapping
- Reciprocal virulence/avirulence | <urn:uuid:f001840c-ff15-4f8b-845e-495f5e6717aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-022-08529-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.857176 | 15,024 | 1.945313 | 2 |
WASHINGTON — Wary of Europe’s deepening debt crisis, President Barack Obama said Monday the United States stands ready to do its part to help the continent, even as the White House ruled out any financial contributions from U.S. taxpayers.
Meantime, a top European official offered his assurances to Obama and the American people that Europe’s leaders fully understood the magnitude of the crisis. But European Commission President Josi Manuel Barroso warned that decisions on how to solve the economic woes could take time.
The annual meeting between U.S. and European Union officials came amid growing fears over the future of the euro. Experts say that without drastic action, the euro could be days away from collapsing, a scenario that could cause more financial damage to the already shaky American economy.
While Obama offered no specifics on how the U.S. may be willing to assist Europe, he said failing to resolve the continent’s debt crisis could damage a U.S. economy saddled with slow growth and 9 percent unemployment.
“If Europe is contracting, or if Europe is having difficulties, then it’s much more difficult for us to create good here jobs at home,” Obama said at the conclusion of the day-long summit.
While Obama has offered support to his European peers, the U.S. believes the Europeans have the financial capacity to solve the debt crisis on their own.
But some U.S. allies, including Finland and the Netherlands, have called for the International Monetary Fund to be bolstered with more capital so that it could in turn help stem Europe’s debt crisis from deepening and spreading.
The U.S. is the single-biggest stakeholder in the IMF. And earlier Monday, White House spokesman Jay Carney said the IMF has substantial resources already.
“We do not in any way believe that additional resources are required from the United States and from American taxpayers,” Carney said.
European leaders are set to meet Dec. 9 to discuss next steps in tackling the financial crisis. New ideas were circulating Monday for how to finally cap the debt woes that began in Greece two years ago and have spread to other larger economies, most notably Italy.
One idea gaining momentum, was a radical proposal in which countries that use the common currency would cede control of a big chunk of their budgets to a central authority. Some say the proposal would be a big leap toward a United States of Europe, a move that could greatly enhance European stability, but at the cost, critics say, of national sovereignty and democratic accountability.
Another plan being aired in the face of fierce German resistance is for the eurozone’s six triple A rated nations to pool their resources through a joint bond to prop up some of the single currency bloc’s most indebted members. Germany, the EU’s richest member, rejects the idea because it fears it would be tapped for the lion’s share of the bailout
Back in Washington, Barroso said Europe’s leaders are taking strong steps to solve what he called an unprecedented situation.
“We are absolutely serious about the magnitude of the challenges,” he said. “You have to understand that sometimes some decisions take time.”
Carney said that Obama, along with Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner, would continue to stay in close contact with European leaders, including German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy. Vice President Joe Biden will travel to Greece later this week to meet with new Prime Minister Lucas Papademos, who took office earlier this month.
While Monday’s meeting between Obama and European Union leaders centered on the global economy, there were also discussions on supporting democracy in the Middle East and North Africa, cooperation on counterterrorism and transatlantic law enforcement, and Iran. | <urn:uuid:5a8d271c-ff75-44c9-abf2-6460ce619ace> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://bangordailynews.com/2011/11/28/news/nation/obama-us-concerned-but-not-responsible-for-europe%E2%80%99s-debt-woes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00530-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956454 | 779 | 1.953125 | 2 |
A bit of thought tells me that there are some problems with this approach. Basically, you have a main table as follows:
| Facts |
| verb |
| subject |
| object |
That limits me to simple things such as "owns Ovid gold". However, what if I want to express "gives Ovid books kudra"? In this case, there's an implied prepositional phrase "to kudra" that doesn't fit and this tremendously limits the utility of this approach.
My other option would be to create a recursive tree structure with arbitrary depth. I've done that before and it's not fun, but I can see no other way to approach this. | <urn:uuid:b0788600-ab1f-4ee3-a846-4b0df6444460> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=318421 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00219-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952977 | 145 | 1.765625 | 2 |
1 Answer | Add Yours
The phrase "elements" here refers to literary elements, a part of literary devices. Generally, these include a wide range of aspects used by an author in a work of literature. Some examples of literary elements are plot, characters, setting, chronology, structure, mood, tone, point of view, all the things that are non-optional parts of a story.
In addition, this novel uses several literary technique conventions quite extensively. Foreshadowing, irony, dialect and symbolism each stand out as heavily used literary techniques in Stockett's novel.
We see the use of dialect in the chapters--part of structure--narrated by Aibileen and Minny in points of view.
Dialect - the language of a particular district, class, or group of persons. It encompasses the sounds, grammar, and diction employed by a specific people as distinguished from other persons either geographically or socially.
Some of the objects that take on a symbolic value in this novel include Aibileen's teapot, Celia's mimosa tree, and Skeeter's satchel.
Dramatic irony is also a technique used in this novel. The book project is a great example of dramatic irony. This occurs when the audience along with one character (or set of characters)--characters are a literary element--is aware of certain information that other characters in the story are not. The book project is a dangerous secret for much of the duration of the novel, a secret which the audience is fully aware of but which Hilly and the town are not.
We’ve answered 319,175 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question | <urn:uuid:11801cdb-7570-4054-b8d2-ee730c897401> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/have-write-paragraph-about-elements-book-what-204583 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00209-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942487 | 345 | 3.796875 | 4 |
What is a pocket bed? It's something like a cross between a little raised bed and a bottomless planter. If you have a big rock in your yard, it can provide a perfect sheltered spot for a pocket bed. Pocket beds let you provide excellent drainage and ideal soil. The rocks around and behind a pocket bed will shelter your plants from wind weather extremes.
In addition, rocks can provide a warmer micro-climate for the plants in your pocket bed. The rocks act as a "heat sink," absorbing heat from the sun during the day and radiating it back to the plants at night. A plant that's only hardy to zone 7 might flourish in a zone 6 pocket bed. I've got gladiolas in one of my patio pockets, and they've been blooming beautifully there for several years now, with no need to lift them in fall.
Rosemary is a perennial that's often considered fussy. The tag may say a variety is hardy to 10° below zero, but that doesn't give the whole picture. If it warms up enough that the plant starts growing and then turns cold again, the plant gets shocked. The big heat sink provided by the surrounding rocks can make all the difference. I lost rosemary plants routinely until I tried one in a pocket bed. There, the warm/cold cycles of late winter still damaged the tips but didn't kill the whole plant.
We have several boulders around the edge of the back patio. They're just the right size to sit on. I wanted to plant behind them but didn't want a big garden bed. Pocket beds were the solution, and they gave me a place to try plants that were too fussy for other spots. A lavender that had been complaining about wet feet doubled in size when I moved it to a pocket bed. Tiny sedum and thyme starts were easy to tend while they got established. My struggling rosemary grew until it dwarfed the boulder behind its pocket bed.
What if you don't have a big boulder? Try putting a pocket bed against a foundation wall, or at the base of a set of stairs. A complete circle of smaller stones can also make an excellent mini-bed. On a steep hillside, a semicircle of stones on the downhill side of a plant can work wonders. You can backfill behind the stones with a rich soil mix, and the stones will keep the soil from eroding away from the plant.
Here's how to construct your own pocket bed.
Gather some large rocks. You could also buy bricks or "castle rock" concrete pieces, but I love the look of natural stone, and it was free for the taking from the rock pile at a local construction site. Dig out an area next to the rock, removing any sod or weeds. Fit a first layer of rocks along the edge of your new pocket bed, digging a little to get them well seated. I didn't bother putting sand or pea gravel under the rocks, but I did pack a little clay here and there to firm them into place.
If you're using large rocks, say the size of bread loaves, then you may only need a single curved row. Look at the ends of the rocks as you line them up; some will fit together better than others. It's a little like putting together a jigsaw puzzle, but precision isn't required. Gaps between the rocks will help with drainage. If you've got an especially big gap, plug it up with a little stone. If you're using smaller rocks, you'll need to stack another layer or two of rocks on top of your base row. Juggle them around a bit to find the best fit, and they'll stay put without mortar. When you've built up the rim enough for a bed that's at least 8 inches deep, you're ready for the next step.
With a full sized raised bed, you'd probably double dig and amend the soil inside the bed. Pocket beds are small enough to fill with nice potting mix instead, without breaking the bank. Choose a good soil-less mix so your pocket bed will have excellent drainage. A bottom layer of coarse material like gravel can ensure good drainage even if your soil mix settles a bit. Add compost or time release fertilizer to provide nutrients. Polymer moisture crystals are a great way to improve water retention without causing soggy soil.
Now your pocket bed is ready for plants! Think "thriller, filler, and spiller" when choosing plants to fill your new bed. Plan your planting as you would for a container, so your bed becomes a beautiful accent in your landscape. Alpine and rock garden plants will appreciate the excellent drainage. For a plant that needs little water once established, consider sedums, with a variety of species ranging from low growing groundcovers to tall, dramatic cultivars.
If your pocket bed is near a doorway or a seating area, be sure to include some herbs and other fragrant plants to enjoy. Herbs such as lavender and rosemary love growing in pocket beds. Tuck thymes into little nooks where they can cascade over the edge of the bed. Fill in spaces with annual flowers or tender herbs like basil. I love sitting on my patio rock, enjoying the sweet scents of 'Rose Petal' Thyme and blooming Chocolate Daisy (Berlandiera lyrata).
Pocket beds provide all the advantages of growing in the ground as well as those of container cultivation. Do you long to grow fussy plants that demand a little more warmth or better drainage than your yard can provide? Pocket beds may be the answer!
Move your mouse over images and links for more information (let the cursor hover for a few seconds, and a pop-up caption will appear).
For additional information on providing excellent drainage in raised beds, see PalmBob's article on building raised beds for succulents.
Photos by Jill M. Nicolaus. | <urn:uuid:132995da-5964-4543-a2bc-94bb6b1ca727> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/2574/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00312-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953762 | 1,215 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Date of Paper
Type of Paper
Clinical research paper
Master of Social Work (M.S.W.)
Social workers face many challenges and hardships throughout their careers. This study examines the numerous stressors that social work professionals come in contact with on a daily basis, and explores the protective factors that provide these professionals with their drive to persevere in the face of these stressors. Data was obtained through semi-structured qualitative interviews with four professional social workers with a minimum of 15 years of experience in the social work field. Methods such as committee analysis, thematic clustering, and peer reviews were all utilized to analyze data for this study. The interviews highlighted key themes such as: career satisfaction, stressors, protective factors, the journey to a career in social work, and why social workers choose to remain in the social work field. Findings indicated that factors such as lack of resources, the “do more with less” mentality, balancing self-care and client needs, lack of co-worker support, poor management, and being a witness to the pain of others, all contribute to higher levels of social worker stress. Findings also indicated a number of protective factors that social workers report help to reduce the impacts of stress in their careers such as self-care, work diversity, worker autonomy, work with clients and problem solving, job security, and alternative work fantasies.
Mack, John D.. (2012). Why Social Workers Remain in the Field: An Exploratory Study on the Protective Factors Associated with Social Worker Perseverance. Retrieved from Sophia, the St. Catherine University repository website: https://sophia.stkate.edu/msw_papers/54 | <urn:uuid:a0ebf5b3-2a53-43f9-852b-eb2cc022bae2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sophia.stkate.edu/msw_papers/54/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.939091 | 381 | 2.4375 | 2 |
"Vegetarian: an old Indian word for bad hunter” is a joke line (implying that those who choose not to eat meat are simply bad hunters) that has been featured on T-shirts and bumper stickers. The word “vegetarian” is not at all an “Indian word,” but comes from the word “vegetable” and was coined in England in the 1830s.
“Vegetarian = indian word meaning bad hunter” has been cited in print since at least 1997.
Vegetarianism is the practice of following a plant-based diet including fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, nuts, and seeds, mushrooms, with or without dairy products and eggs. A vegetarian does not eat meat, including red meat, game, poultry, fish, crustacea, and shellfish, and may also abstain from by-products of animal slaughter such as animal-derived rennet and gelatin. As some cheeses containing rennet, and gelatin-derived products, contain unfamiliar animal ingredients, however, these products may unknowingly be eaten by vegetarians.
The Vegetarian Society, founded in 1847, writes that it created the word “vegetarian” from the Latin “vegetus” meaning “lively”. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) and other standard dictionaries state that the word was formed from the term “vegetable” and the suffix “-arian”. The OED writes that the word came into general use after the formation of the Vegetarian Society at Ramsgate in 1847, though it offers two examples of usage from 1839 and 1842.
Free merriam-Webster Dictionary
Origin of VEGETARIAN
vegetable + -arian
First Known Use: 1839
Vegetarian, an indian word meaning Bad Hunter. Get this humourous phrase now on a variety of shirts, hats, mugs and other apparel and merchandise. Great gifts for the hunters, barbecuers and meat eaters in the family
Vegetarian=bad hunter t shirt
Google Groups: rec.humor
From: jorxjor <"jorxjor"@hotmail.(dot)com>
Subject: Re: Vegetarians are EVIL people
Vegetarian = indian word meaning bad hunter
Google Groups: alt.native
Subject: Re: Another Native “Spiritual” RItual?
(an old joke): NDN definition for “Vegetarian” = Bad Hunter
Sarbola : a novel
By John Beowulf
Victoria, BC: Trafford
“I thought the word vegetarian was an Indian word for bad hunter?”
Riding Outside the Lines:
International incidents and other misadventures with the metal cowboy
By Joe Kurmaskie
New York, NY: Three Rivers Press
Vegetarian: ancient Indian word meaning “bad hunter.”
By: Lori Armstrong
Wesley Chapel, FL: Medallion Press
Recently I’d seen a bumper sticker that read: “VEGETARIAN: LAKOTA WORD FOR BAD HUNTER.”
New York City • Food/Drink • (0) Comments • Saturday, October 23, 2010 • Permalink | <urn:uuid:df06a995-4100-403c-8484-a3193e611390> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/vegetarian_an_old_indian_word_for_bad_hunter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00011-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88986 | 699 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Florida Senator Marco Rubio has made his identity as the son of Cuban exiles a major component of his political persona, but according to the Washington Post, it's a fake: Rubio's parents arrived in the U.S. in 1956, two years before Fidel Castro took power. The Post reports "naturalization papers and other official records" signed by Rubio's parents prove they arrived before the first wave of Cubans fled their country as Castro assumed power in the Cuban Revolution. The discrepancy in the date wouldn't be such a big deal if Rubio hadn't touted his parents' escape from the communist dictator in his rise to the senate and even a possible Republican vice presidential candidate in 2012. But he did, in a big way. The Post remembered Rubio's pivotal 2006 speech as he became speaker of the Florida House:
Wearing a red flower in his lapel, his voice sometimes emotional, he praised those who fled, calling them “a great generation.” But he also assured them: “Today your children and grandchildren are the secretary of commerce of the United States and multiple members of Congress, they are the CEO of Fortune 500 companies and successful entrepreneurs, they are Grammy winning artists and they are renowned journalists, they are a United States senator and soon, even speaker of the Florida House.”
Rubio's office's explanation for how these facts jibe is that while they first arrived before the Cuban revolution and "were prepared to live here permanently, they always held out the hope and the option of returning to Cuba if things improved." Or, one supposes, that they were immigrants before they became refugees. While that may be the path he's taking out of one political jam, it actually hands new ammunition to another set of Rubio critics: the Rubio birthers, which Mothers Jones highlighted on Thursday. Some of the people who believed that President Barack Obama was born in Kenya are now out to prove Rubio's unqualified to be president because his parents didn't become U.S. citizens until 1975, four years after he was born in Miami in 1971.
Update (8:10 a.m. EDT, Oct. 21): Rubio issued a statement on Thursday night denying the Post's allegation that he embellished his family history. It reads, in part: "To suggest my family’s story is embellished for political gain is outrageous. The dates I have given regarding my family’s history have always been based on my parents’ recollections of events that occurred over 55 years ago and which were relayed to me by them more than two decades after they happened. I was not made aware of the exact dates until very recently." You can get the whole thing over at Florida Political Press.
This article is from the archive of our partner The Wire. | <urn:uuid:d8c5e20c-bd40-45b7-86ab-ce2595b78eae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/10/rubios-parents-were-plain-old-immigrants-not-refugees/336501/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00193-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984462 | 564 | 2.0625 | 2 |
This train-the-trainer event was an interactive workshop held on two separate days for hospitals and CHCs and provided them with a range of skills and knowledge to lead the Measuring Health Equity in Toronto Central LHIN project within their organizations.
As part of embedding the collection and use of demographic data in the Toronto Central LHIN, Sinai Health System hosted two separate interactive train-the-trainer workshops for hospitals and CHCs. The goals of the session were to:
- Enable attendants to train and educate colleagues on Measuring Health Equity mandate
- Provide an in-depth review of the purpose of the 8 demographic questions
- Share best practices in data collection based on Toronto Central experiences and facilitate knowledge exchange
- Build skills on how to answer questions from patients/clients, staff, community partners, etc.
- Review all materials and resources developed over the span of the mandate | <urn:uuid:0543e4c2-cc50-47f7-9ec4-4b95f25d1460> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://torontohealthequity.ca/events/train-trainer-session-measuring-health-equity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.91769 | 181 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Pi-filter ATU for resonant Yagi and Vertical antennas.
It is simple to make an aerial tuner with ordinary receiver components for resonant 10 - 20 m aerials that are fed with coax. The pictured ATU can handle 1.5 kW with the variable capacitors when the SWR is low. The tuning range is comparable to the build in ATU in modern transceivers. I am always using this ATU to ensure I am having a SWR of 1 with a 2 element FB23 or 5 band Cushcraft R5.
Often two different antenna systems are in use: A longwire for 30 - 80 m and a beam or (phased) vertical for 10 - 20 meters. This means switching the antenna and we might just as well switch the ATU instead.
A separate ATU has the advantage that the ATU can be optimised. The inductor can be designed to have the highest efficiency by making the diameter equal to the length. In a lot of "all-band" ATU’s this is not the case. This ATU may well have a higher efficiency than a build-in ATU’s of a number of transceivers.
The design is a classic pi filter consisting of an inductor with taps and two variable capacitors. Construction is easy because no insulated shafts or insulated mounting of the capacitor is required.
The inductors has been constructed from ordinary unshielded # 10 wire (2.5 mm²) which normally (in NL) is used for grounding purposes in the mains wiring. Six windings with an inside diameter of 1 1/14 " (3cm «fig) are generally sufficient. For me 5 windings were sufficient and the rest of the inductor was shorted.
(It was the intention to replace the tapped inductor with a fixed one of 5 or 6 windings but time was spend with constructing something else.) Taps for the switch can be made every two windings. It may be that another tap position works out better in another station but the given set-up is a good start. Thinner wire can also be used initially before making the final inductor of #10 gauge. The length of the inductor is approx. 1 ½" (3.5 cm) if the spacing is equal to the wire size.
A 3-position switch.
An 8-position switch.
With the 6 or 8-position switch it is possible to make a tap on each winding. In reality this was not required and that’s why a three-position switch was used. Large contacts have a minimum RF resistance, which is important at the higher HF frequency.
During a "nothing to do" moment the saved 8 position switch was installed anyway.
PAØCDR found that with its tuner shown below, a combination could be found in a wide frequency range with a very decent SWR, even at 30 m. It turned out that the desired bands were beautifully distributed over the six-position switch. Especially tuning at 12 and 10 meters worked well with settings slightly below the middle of the varco. This was exactly the goal he was aiming for.
With the help of a GD-1B griddipper and counter, we first looked at where the different combinations of switch positions were 'in the band' and examined the properties of the tuner according to this method with scoop and generator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYN7dhdt1Dw. The range of his tuner is 10 MHz - 40 MHz.
Even this type is suited for 100 W.
Two section broadband capacitors (fig») with a build-in reduction were used. These can still be found new and on hamfests. Do not pass them up because you think the gap between the plates is not sufficient. The gap in my capacitors is rather small and the capacitance value is 380 pF per section.
It surprises me that I have not any arcing by rather large transmission power even though the sections have unequal spacing. If you locate capacitors that have a larger gap then that is even better!
If you only use medium power (100 W) then you can use capacitors with very close spacing. Shown (fig») is an AAA battery for size comparison.
Connect the parts with the same #10 wire and do not use the chassis for the return path. Use the soldering lugs that are normally used for earth and keep the connections short. Take note how the Teflon coax (fig» RG-142 or similar) is connected to the capacitors. This helps to minimise stray inductance of the wiring, which starts to have an impact when using the ATU on 10 meters.
Some practice operating the ATU is required. Not always is a match immediately obvious and another tap or position of the other capacitor is required. Many aerials have been tested and always has it been possible to create a match.
If you have two settings that have a SWR = 1 match then use the setting that uses the highest capacitance.
A low-pass filter (LPF fig») is always in use and the ATU ensures that the filter is correctly terminated with 50 Ohms, which is required for the correct functioning of the filter. The filter causes the tuning of the ATU to be sharper and aids in tuning the ATU to a 1 ÷ 1 SWR. | <urn:uuid:ee8059c9-6c99-4527-a7c3-12895f526aec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pa0fri.home.xs4all.nl/ATU/PiATU/pifiltereng.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.949433 | 1,176 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Final Cut Pro X Advanced Editing: Working with Sound
Note: This excerpt does not include the lesson files. The lesson files are available with purchase of the book.
It cannot be said often enough: Audio is more important than video. Audiences will tolerate shockingly poor quality video (see Paranormal Activity, Cloverfield, or Blair Witch Project for proof), but no one will sit through even three minutes on YouTube if the audio is hard to hear. You can always close your eyes, but closing your ears is far more difficult. And while the images carry the basic information of a scene, the sound invariably carries the emotional content. If seeing is believing, then hearing is feeling.
Fortunately, Final Cut Pro X contains an impressive number of ways to improve your video’s sound. It has tools to set the audio levels to a uniform, accurate volume; multiple methods to create audio fades and four fade styles; intuitive controls for panning sound between speakers, in both stereo and surround sound environments; and much more.
Setting Sound Levels
One of the most basic and fundamental aspects of good audio is ensuring that the volume level is consistent across your project. If one scene is too loud and the next is too soft, it’s very hard for viewers to stay engaged in your program. And if the overall level is too quiet or too loud, other problems arise such as increased background noise or distortion.
Understanding Audio Meters
Final Cut Pro has highly accurate, easy-to-read Audio meters to monitor audio levels and ensure that they are correct and uniform. Tiny meters are always visible to the right of the current timecode in the center of the toolbar, but you can also display large meters with a single click.
In the Project Library, double-click the Sound editing project inside the Lesson_04 folder in the APTS FCP X ADV Part 1 disk.
The project opens into the Timeline.
- Click the tiny Audio meters in the toolbar, or press Command-Shift-8 to display large Audio meters to the right of the Timeline.
- Drag the left edge of the meters to make them bigger or smaller and view more or less detail.
- Play the first few clips of the project and watch the Audio meters.
The meters display the average and peak levels, and alert you if your audio ever hits 0 db.
You can determine the average level by watching the bouncing bars. This is not going to provide a precise value, but watching the meters can give you a good sense of the overall volume of the clip. In this project, the average level for the first clip is around –24 dB. The second clip averages at around –9 dB, and the third clip is even louder, and reaches 0 dB at about 27 seconds.
The peak level is indicated by the thin white line that lingers (for a second or two) as the clips play. That line shows the loudest level reached over the last section of playback and can be especially helpful if the audio has a very brief peak that’s much louder than the average level (such as you’ll hear in clip 2 around 15:00).
Fixing Overmodulated Audio
The warning indicator turns red if your audio level reaches 0 db. In this instance, you must turn down the audio below 0 dB or risk creating a distorted sound.
If you see this warning, do not ignore it!
The audio waveforms in the Timeline also indicate when a clip is too loud. When a part of the waveform is louder than –6 dB, it appears in yellow. If a part of the waveform is at 0 dB, it appears in red.
Fortunately, Final Cut Pro tells you how many decibels “over” 0 dB the peak is, making it very easy to fix the level. In Shot_03, the audio peaked at +3 dB.
- Select Shot_03, and choose Modify > Volume > Down (–1 dB), or press Control-– (minus).
- Repeat step 1 three times to lower the level by 3 dB.
- Play the project again.
The waveform no longer turns red. However, leaving that audio at such a high level might still cause problems if you later add any sound effects, music, or other clips. So lowering it even further is wise.
Unfortunately, lowering the whole clip will make the rest of the shot too quiet. To fix this, you’ll need to utilize keyframes, as you’ll learn to do in the next section.
Setting Levels in the Timeline
You have many ways to adjust a clip’s audio level. In addition to choosing the Modify menu item, you can adjust levels in the Timeline or in the Audio Inspector, or by using the keyboard. Each of these methods is best used in certain circumstances. To fix the problem in Shot_03, you will use the volume controls in the Timeline.
- Click the Clip Appearance button, and set the clip appearance to the second icon from the left.
- Drag the Clip Height slider to the middle to increase the clip heights.
Click outside the window to close the Clip Appearance window.
Making the audio portion of the clips larger makes it easier to see the waveforms and to make more precise adjustments to the volume control (the horizontal line across the audio waveform). In this case, you will return the volume to its default value, in preparation for lowering only the section that’s too loud.
Position your pointer over the volume control for Shot_03, and when the pointer changes to the Adjust pointer, drag the line up until the volume reads 0 dB.
This adjustment raises the overall level, but now the middle part of the clip is too loud.
- Play the project and press I just as she says “Uh...” at 25:00, and press O just after she says, “I’m enjoying that” at around 28:15. The area you want to attenuate is now marked as a selection.
Position your pointer over the volume control within the selected area, and drag the line down to –7 dB. You may need to zoom in on the Timeline to more easily select the line within the selected range.
The level is lowered only in the selected section.
- Play the clip to hear how the overall level is now far more uniform.
- Press Command-Shift-A to deselect all.
Deselecting allows you to more clearly see that keyframes were automatically added to limit the volume change to the selected range.
When two keyframes are set to different values, Final Cut Pro automatically interpolates the audio levels between the two values, thereby animating the audio level.
Animating Audio Levels
To change audio levels over time, you can adjust the line between the keyframes, adjust specific keyframes, or add additional keyframes to make specific changes (such as removing a pop or cough, or adding an audio fade-in or fade-out). There is no limit to the number of keyframes you can add.
- Drag the Timeline Zoom slider to the right to zoom in on the Timeline, or press Command-= (equal sign).
Position your pointer over the first keyframe, and then drag the keyframe to the left to create a slower fade effect.
Changing the value of the first keyframe will affect the level of the clip prior to that keyframe, and changing the value of the last keyframe will affect the level of the clip from that point until the end of the clip.
Drag the line between the middle two keyframes down to –8 dB.
Both keyframes surrounding the line are moved proportionally.
- Option-click the line twice to add new keyframes as shown in the following figure.
- Drag the line segment between the two new keyframes up to –5 dB.
- Play the clip to hear the results.
You may want to continue adding and adjusting keyframes to create an optimally smooth audio level.
Making Subframe Audio Adjustments
Audio clips recorded at a sampling rate of 48 kHz contain 2,000 samples for each frame of 24 fps video. That means you could conceivably add 2,000 audio keyframes in every single frame of video! Higher audio sample rates could have even more keyframes. Although no one is likely to add thousands of keyframes to a single video frame, having that kind of precision means you can fix miniscule errors such as clicks, pops, and extra sibilance.
- With no clips selected, click the Current Timecode field, and type 14:16. Press Return.
Press Shift-/ (slash) to play around that timecode.
You will hear a pop sound right as the woman says “green tomato jam.”
Drag the Timeline Zoom slider all the way to the right to zoom all the way into the Timeline.
You can see the waveform that represents the offending sound, but if you try to remove it, you also risk removing some of the woman’s voice. To avoid that, you should adjust only the specific samples containing the sound.
The light gray bar in the Timeline ruler indicates the duration of one frame. As you can see, audio keyframes can be edited with much greater precision than a single video frame; but in fact, you can zoom in much farther for even more precision.
Make sure that View > Zoom To Samples (the default) is chosen.
If Zoom To Samples was not active, you’ll notice that the Timeline Zoom slider suddenly has a little more room to the right.
Drag the Timeline Zoom slider farther to the right. The gray bar in the ruler, which represents one frame, becomes larger as you zoom farther and farther into the Timeline.
At the farthest zoom point, each horizontal pixel on the screen represents an individual audio sample.
- Option-click three times to add three keyframes around and on the unwanted noise.
Drag the middle keyframe all the way down to –96 dB.
The two surrounding keyframes limit the adjustment to the area between them.
- Press Shift-/ (slash) to play around the area again. The offending noise is removed, and the woman’s voice appears unaffected.
- Press Shift-Z to zoom the Timeline back out to show all clips.
Setting Levels in the Inspector
You can also adjust audio levels for any selected clip in the Audio Inspector. One advantage to making changes here (as opposed to the Timeline) is that you can change clips that are in the Event Browser but not yet added to a project.
- In the Event Library, open the Lesson_04 Event, and in the Event Browser, click Shot_06 to select it.
- If the Inspector is not visible, press Command-4 to open it.
In the Inspector, click the Audio button to open the Audio Inspector.
Dragging the Volume slider in the Audio Inspector has the same effect as adjusting the volume control in a waveform in the Timeline. For clips already placed in a project, both controls affect the same data.
- In the Event Browser, click the green Favorite bar for Shot_06 to select it.
- Press E to append the clip to the end of the project.
- In the Timeline, click Shot_06. The Inspector updates to show the audio level for the current playhead position of the selected clip.
In the Inspector, drag the Volume slider down by 4 dB.
The volume control in the Timeline moves down by 4 dB.
Drag the volume control down to –5 dB. The Volume slider in the Inspector also updates.
You can also use the Inspector to change the level of multiple clips simultaneously.
In the Timeline, Shift-click Shot_05 to add it to the selection.
Now, both Shot_05 and Shot_06 are selected. The Audio Inspector no longer shows an indicator for the volume (since more than one clip can have more than one value) but you can still modify the clips’ volume by a relative amount.
- Position your pointer over the dashes to the right of the Volume slider and drag up or down to change the two clips’ levels simultaneously.
Animating Levels in the Inspector
You can also add, modify, and navigate between audio keyframes within the Inspector.
In the Timeline, select Shot_03.
The Inspector updates to show the values for the selected clip at the current frame (either under the playhead or the skimmer, if enabled).
In the Timeline, drag the playhead and watch the Volume slider in the Inspector move as the existing keyframes affect the clip’s volume.
Keyframes are represented in the Inspector by the diamond-shaped Keyframe button to the right of the Volume slider. When the playhead is parked on a keyframe, the button turns orange.
You can navigate directly to keyframes by clicking the arrows on either side of the Keyframe button.
- Click the left arrow to jump to the first keyframe to the left of the current playhead position. Click the right arrow to jump to the first keyframe to the right of the current playhead position.
If no more keyframes exist either before or after the current playhead position, the appropriate arrow is dimmed.
Keyframes can be deleted in the Inspector. To do so, the playhead must be positioned directly on that specific keyframe.
With the playhead parked on the keyframe, click the orange Delete Keyframe button.
The keyframe is removed. Final Cut Pro automatically recalibrates to interpolate the audio based on the remaining keyframes.
Resetting Audio Levels
The Inspector also contains an essential control: the Reset button. Clicking this button allows you to remove any keyframes or audio volume adjustments made to the selected clip, and restore the clip to its default volume.
- In the Timeline, select Shot_03.
- In the Inspector, click the Reset button for the Volume and Pan section.
The volume (and pan) settings are restored to the default, removing any keyframes.
Setting Levels Using Keyboard Shortcuts
You have one more way to change audio levels: Select a clip (or portion of a clip) and press a keyboard shortcut to boost (raise) or attenuate (lower) the level by 1 dB.
These keyboard shortcuts are especially useful because they allow you to change the levels of a clip while the video is playing back, which means you can hear the changes dynamically, creating a more organic workflow.
- In the Timeline, select Shot_01.
- Play the project.
While the first clip is playing, press Control-= (equal sign) several times.
Each time you press the keyboard command, the volume for the clip is boosted by 1 dB.
- Press Control-– (minus sign) to lower the level by 1 dB.
When you have created audio keyframes, you can select an individual keyframe directly and move it up and down 1 dB at a time from the keyboard.
- In the Timeline, Option-click the volume control for Shot_01 to add a keyframe.
- Click the keyframe to select it. The keyframe turns orange.
- Press Option-Up Arrow to increase or Option-Down Arrow to decrease the level of the selected keyframe.
- To deselect the keyframe, press Command-Shift-A or click anywhere outside the keyframe. | <urn:uuid:44c243d5-d12b-4e73-acfd-dcb5d11fc3f5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.peachpit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1879718&seqNum=4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721008.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00116-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.87191 | 3,202 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Specialty Pesticides Market – Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2013 – 2019
Pesticides are the chemicals which are used for preventing, mitigating or destroying pests. These pesticides are used to kill or dampen the growth of pests. Specialty pesticides are used to improve the quality of health. Insecticides help prevent the destruction of crops from insects resulting in proper growth of the crops. Depending on the types of pests, there are different pesticides available that include Organophosphate pesticides, Carbamate pesticides and Pyrethroid pesticides. These pesticides are used in and around homes, offices and farms.
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Pesticides are generally used for killing mosquitoes, bees and ants. They are also used to control the growth of algae, water grasses roadside weeds. and trees In order to prevent the loss of crops to insects pesticides are utilized. WHO (World Health Organization) has advised the used of DDT (Dichloro diphenyl Tricholoroethane) in order to combat malaria, plague, typhus and sleeping sickness. The records of WHO suggests that utilization of DDT has helped in saving approximately seven million lives.
The consumption of pesticides have been over five million pounds with herbicides being consumed the most followed by insecticides and then fungicides. In many of the countries sale and use of pesticides are regulated by the government agencies. The primary driver for the market is ever growing population. The increasing demands of the growing population such as foods have resulted in the use of pesticides which yields better cultivation. Pesticides have also created job opportunities for the people working in the industry. It has created vacancies for bio-medical engineers and labors. It is complemented with continuous innovation that has created opportunities in the research and development cell.
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The major consumers of pesticides are some of the developed countries including North America, Western Europe and Japan. Herbicides dominate the markets in this region. The developing countries such as India, China, and Singapore among others lag in the use of pesticides. Insecticides are prominently used as it is no longer protected by the patent making it cheap as compared to herbicides and fungicides.
BayerSyngenta, BASF, DOW, Monsanto, Arysta Lifescience, Sumitomo Chemical, DuPont (USA), Makhteshim Agan are some of the major companies that deal in the manufacturing of specialty pesticides.
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Texas, Unfortunately, Leads The Country In Hungry Kids
More than anywhere else the country, children in Texas don't know where they'll get their next meal.
That's according to a recent study by Feeding America, the nation's food-bank network, which analyzed stats on "household food insecurity" published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. According to the report, the rate of childhood food insecurity for Texas children under the age of 18 is 22.1 percent, the highest in the nation. The national average is 17 percent. The rate for Texas children under the age of 5 is 23.3 percent, the fifth-highest in the country.
"Food insecurity" means not knowing where your next meal is coming from.
Brian Greene, president and CEO of Houston Food Bank, tells Hair Balls that the reasons are at least twofold. For starters, he says, Texas is doing well economically, compared to many other areas of the country, and is attracting lots of low-income families who are moving to Texas for work and opportunity. They have families with children, are stretched thin as it is, and do not have much extra to help the needy.
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Secondly, says Greene, food assistance for children in Texas is well below the national average. Food-stamp usage in Houston, for instance, says Greene, is very low, as only around 40 percent of those eligible for food stamps here actually receive them.
In order to get food stamps, says Greene, the individual must show up in person at a food stamp office. But many of these offices have recently closed, he says, making it much more difficult for people to find and get to a place that gives them out.
Greene says he would like to see organizations like his, which is made of a network of 400 charities, to be able to administer the food stamps, making it easier for those in need to get to a location that offers them.
"We reach a half a million people a year," says Greene, "and if people could apply for food stamps at our charities it would make a big difference."
Another partial solution, says Greene, are school lunch and breakfast programs. If the participation rate were to increase, it would go a long way to making sure the state's children don't go hungry.
On Saturday, anyone can lend a hand by being part of the National Association of Letter Carriers Stamp Out Hunger food drive. Just leave nonperishable food in your mailbox and let your mailman do the rest.
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In what appears to be another damning blow to the part tax-payer owned bank, it has admitted mis-selling government-backed loan schemes set up in 2009 to help firms who would otherwise find it difficult to find credit.
The mis-selling was uncovered after complaints that the scheme was not properly explained to borrowers and came to light after complaints from customers were made to the then Entrepreneur in Residence at the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills, Lawrence Tomlinson.
Tomlinson investigated the issue publishing the Tomlinson report which prompted discussions with the British Business Bank that oversees the scheme.
RBS has lent more than £900m to 9,000 small firms since the EFG scheme began is the biggest user of the EFG scheme.
It is designed to provide a 75 per cent government guarantee to lenders to encourage them to back small businesses without enough security for a standard bank loan.
Some RBS customers were led to believe the guarantee was for their benefit, rather than to increase banks’ willingness to lend, and did not realise they remained liable for all of the money.
In a statement RBS say that they reviewed a sample of EFG customer files and said the exercise “identified a number of instances where we have not properly explained to customers how borrower and guarantor liabilities work under the EFG scheme”.
The bank said it would be implementing a “thorough and proactive review of affected and potentially affected customers to ensure they are put back in the position they believed they would have been in”.
The Financial Conduct Authority has been informed of the issue and will remain in dialgogue with RBS during its review.
Some RBS customers were incorrectly led to believe that the guarantee was for their benefit rather than the bank’s. Such customers did not realise that they remained liable for 100 per cent of the loan, and in some cases only discovered that they were liable for the full sum upon defaulting.
RBS will now begin to contact around 1,800 customers who took out an EFG loan that have either defaulted or found themselves in a ‘stressed’ financial position, the bank said. A helpline will also be available for those with concerns.
The bank indicated that taxpayer money claimed inappropriately as a result of the mis-selling would be returned, to ensure that “neither our customers nor the Government are adversely impacted by the issues identified”. RBS went on to say that it believes the impact of this mishap on it will be small, since it has already accounted for firms who defaulted, typically having never recovered more than 25 per cent of their loan .
Shadow business secretary Chuka Umunna called for a wider probe into the EFG to establish how widespread mis-selling had been in relation to the scheme and said the episode had raised questions about what ministers had done to resolve the problem.
RBS has also been accused of pushing firms to the wall so it could buy back their assets at rock-bottom prices. | <urn:uuid:e38f3578-b1a7-432d-8f7d-196ab6278d24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bmmagazine.co.uk/news/rbs-admits-mis-selling-millions-of-pounds-of-business-loans-to-smes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.980574 | 620 | 1.640625 | 2 |
|By: Zach||Posted on: Jul 20 2022 at 04:00:06 PM|
|When drip feeding, the machine runs the program completely fine, up until the very end at the M30; %. I get an error of faulty code, that makes the machine continuously run the spindle and never shut off. If I just load the same program into memory however, I do not get the same error. I would like to run drip feed before I leave for the night on longer programs, but since the spindle would run all night, at this point I cannot. Is there a simple solution to this problem, and if not, is there a possible coding solution? My email is email@example.com. Thank you|
|By: Guest||Posted on: Jul 21 2022 at 05:37:17 AM|
|That is a strange one.|
Can't you add a last command at the end of the program to park the spindle?
Some CNC machines use M5 as a spindle off command? or m25 spindle stop z retract
|By: Guest||Posted on: Jul 21 2022 at 05:38:48 AM|
|Although I just want to have said that you should fully test it before leaving it running all night just in case there's an error or computer comms error that could cause a tool crash|
|By: Guest||Posted on: Jul 21 2022 at 05:44:33 AM|
|On some machines M30 is a tape rewind command. `so a command to the tape reader. Not a command to the CNC. When working from memory the CNC reaches the end of the program, sees no more so simply stops.|
But when drip feeding an M30 could just mean that the the bar feeder feeds another work piece, the tape rewinds back to the start and starts over without stopping the spindle. Maybe, as previous poster mentioned, you need to programmatically stop and park the spindle.
and/or M2 to end the program rather than rewind
Reply - add a comment to this topic.
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U.S. Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer with representatives of Sweden and Finland on Capitol Hill before the vote to join NATO.
The United States on Wednesday ratified Finland's and Sweden's protocols for joining NATO after the two countries' historic decision to give up their neutrality due to the invasion Russian in Ukraine.
The US Senate approved this resolution in a vote by a very large majority with elected officials from both parties (95 votes for, 1 against). A two-thirds majority was needed to approve the text.
The Biden administration ardently supported this ratification, which was supposed to demonstrate the solidity of the Atlantic Alliance in the face of expansionist Russia .
This historic vote is an important sign of the United States' enduring, cross-partisan commitment to NATO and the will to ensure that our Alliance is ready to meet the challenges of today. today and tomorrow, President Joe Biden said in a statement.
In the United States, only the Senate has the power to ratify international agreements.
Russian President Vladimir Putin tried to use the war in Ukraine to divide the West. Instead, today's vote shows the Alliance is stronger than ever, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer said shortly before the vote.
This vote comes the day after the ratification of the accession protocols by the French Parliament as well as by Italy on Wednesday.
Including the United States, 23 states have already ratified the membership of the two countries out of the thirty necessary, according to the count of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.
All NATO member countries must ratify the accession protocols before they can enter into force and, therefore, before Finland and Sweden can benefit from membership. Article 5.
Article 5 of the Treaty of the North Atlantic Alliance, founded in 1949 at the start of the Cold War, allows the triggering of a joint response in the event of an attack on one of the members.
During the debate on Wednesday, senators rejected an amendment that attempted to protect the prerogatives of the US Congress to declare war should Article 5 be activated.
Sweden and Finland's membership in NATO is not yet certain, with Turkey threatening to “freeze” the process by accusing the two Nordic countries of benevolence towards the Party Workers of Kurdistan (PKK) and its allies, which Ankara considers terrorist organizations.
Ankara, which had been blocking their entry into the Atlantic Alliance since May, signed a memorandum of understanding with them in June that links their membership to their fight against Kurdish movements and their supporters on their soil.
However, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan again threatened at the end of July to blockade, accusing in particular Sweden of not taking its part in the fight against terrorism.
Sweden and Finland, which had so far refrained from joining NATO so as not to incur the wrath of neighboring Russia, presented their respective candidacies after the February 24 invasion of Ukraine by Moscow. These were approved at a NATO summit in Madrid at the end of June.
These accessions represent a major change in European security and come against a backdrop of a considerable reinforcement of the American presence on the European continent since the Russian invasion. | <urn:uuid:21de013e-9fd0-4c50-9085-e5873207a1de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://galweek.info/united-states-ratifies-sweden-and-finlands-nato-membership-war-in-ukraine/3205/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.965143 | 633 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Posted in Critical Thinking, Discussion, tagged Cate Hundleby, Chronicle of Higher Education, critical thinking, David Hitchcock, Deanna Kuhn, Donald Lazere, Harvey Siegel, Informal Logic Movement, Mark Weinstein, National Association of Scholars, Peter Woods, Robert Ennis, Sharon Bailin on December 13, 2011 |
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In a recent post on the Chronicle of Higher Education website, frequent contributor and NAS president Peter Wood laments:
“We have elevated “critical thinking” as the chief and worthiest end of a liberal education. Perhaps it is time for a reassessment. The critical thinker who is deaf to culture’s deeper appeals is impoverished in some profound ways. He is equipped to take everything apart but not to put anything together. We need more minds capable of moving at ease and grasping the whole.”
Wood’s complaint about critical thinking is the punchline to a piece that is largely about how much of intellectual worth is lost when scholars and societies view culture (any culture) through a myopic, modern lens. To assess this complaint fairly one has to have an idea as to what Wood means by the much vexed term “critical thinking”. Thankfully, he tells us what he means in another posting on the Chronicle website:
“The stance of generalized antagonism to the whole of Western civilization and the elevation of “critical thinking” in the sense of facile reductionism (everything at bottom is about race-gender-class hierarchy) makes the university function more and more as our society’ chief source of anti-intellectualism.”
It is hard to disagree with the substance of Wood’s assertion here. Though it is important to take account of how gender, race, and class might exert distorting effects on one’s thinking, critical thinking certainly does not reduce to such considerations, simpliciter. But why think that it does in the first place? Wood’s assertions here and elsewhere (for example, here) seem to presuppose that everyone in the academy (at least in the US) thinks of critical thinking in this way.
But they don’t. (more…)
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Posted in Announcements, Discussion, tagged David Hitchcock, Giving Reasons, Harvey Siegel, James Freeman, John Biro, Lilian Bermejo-Luque, Luis Vega, Robert Pinto, THEORIA journal on October 22, 2011 |
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The journal THEORIA has just published its 72nd issue with a symposium on Lilian Bermejo-Luque’s, Giving Reasons (Springer, 2011. Argumentation Series). The discussants are John Biro, Harvey Siegel, James B. Freeman, David Hitchcock, Robert C. Pinto and Luis Vega.
In Giving Reasons, Bermejo-Luque attempts to set out and defend an original approach to argumentation theory that hinges on what she calls “argumentation as a second order speech-act complex”. The discussion that emerges between Bermejo-Luque and her distinguished panel of respondents about this approach to argumentation theory is an interesting one. Click here to view the journal page, from which all articles can be accessed free of charge: http://www.ehu.es/ojs/index.php/THEORIA/issue/current.
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Posted in Argumentation, Connections, Discourse Analysis, Discussion, Informal Logic, News, Pragma-dialectics, Rhetoric, tagged argumentation conferences, Beth Innocenti, CRRAR, David Hitchcock, Deep Disagreement, discourse analysis, Fred Kauffeld, Jean Goodwin, Karen Tracy, Maurice Finocchiaro, Normative Pragmatics, Ontario Society for the Study of Argumentation, OSSA 2011, OSSA 9, Paul Thagard, University of Windsor on May 22, 2011 |
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OSSA 2011 is now officially in the bag. It was a good week. With such a high volume of papers presented it’s possible to follow many trajectories, but these were my highlights:
The Ambassador Bridge
- Attending a pre-conference workshop on normative pragmatics with Jean Goodwin and Beth Innocenti. Jean and Beth did a fantastic job explaining their views and those of Fred Kauffeld, with whom I was also fortunate enough to chat with at length. Even having known something of these views before, I left considerably enriched for the experience, and convinced that normative pragmatics is a research program that deserves a lot more investigation and development.
- Discourse analyst Karen Tracy’s keynote address on reasonable hostility in public hearings was also rich with ideas that I intend to think a lot more about in the coming weeks–especially her conception of how issues move through phases of being unarguable (unreflectively taken as settled), arguable (manifestly unsettled or controversial) and then unarguable again (settled sufficiently for the public discussion to move on). This is not to say that the other keynotes were not also worthwhile–they were. Paul Thagard’s effort to bring a neuropsychological viewpoint to the discussion over the nature of critical thinking was timely, and David Hitchcock’s presentation of his work on inference claims was as interesting and challenging as those who know his work would expect it to be. (You can read the abstracts of the keynotes here.)
- Having the chance both to attend Maurice Finocchiaro’s session on deep disagreement and to chat with him about it afterwards was illuminating. As readers of this blog will know, deep disagreement is one of my areas of interest within argumentation theory. Finocchiaro’s work, which will be part of a forthcoming book on meta-argumentation, moves the discussion of deep disagreement forward in what I think are all the right ways. I’m very glad he’s taken the problem on in the way that he has.
- Of course I have to thank the wonderful audience that attended my presentation on the history of conductive argument and reflective equilibrium as well. We had an excellent discussion from which I learned much that I will bear in mind as I carry forward my work on this and other projects.
Finally, no discussion of an OSSA conference would be complete without mention of the enormous camaraderie and good will that animates these events. Coming away from this iteration of OSSA I am reminded of my initial impression that the argumentation community models what I think are scholarly ideals of diversity of approach, internationality and interdisciplinarity. Of course, we have our divisions and competitive moments just like any other body of scholars. This is only natural among diverse people who care deeply about what they study and who struggle to get it right. What is impressive about argumentation theory is that these divisions enliven the discussions rather than hamper them. In many ways, these gatherings are as much gatherings of friends as they are academic gatherings. Thus, though I won’t try the reader’s patience with a long list of names, I will close this entry by saying how glad I am to have had the chance to catch up with so many old friends, and to have made so many new ones. All in all, it was a week well spent. I look forward to the next one.
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2011 Politically-Incorrect Resolutions
And yet there was almost no violence on campus--and no counselors, psychologists, or teacher aides. Students from dire poverty arrived clean, polite, and ready to study. Parents came to school night classes to learn English and meet with teachers. Back to school night was packed. I can remember one Mexican-American mother carrying her daughter on drizzling days on her shoulders to ensure her white leather shoes were not soiled in the mud. Another student, a child of the Oklahoma diaspora, had a privy in his yard, a shower on the porch, and yet addressed our teacher in 19th-century style as "ma'am." Yet another (her name was Yolanda, I’ll skip the last name since she probably still lives in the area) wore beautiful starched hand-made print dresses, a different one each day, all made by her mother, with matching-color hair ribbons. Her mother was there at one minute before school ended and would not allow her to loiter a nanosecond. These were representative, not atypical cases. The metal detector or attacks on faculty or f-wording staff were unheard of. A student's detention was considered a family catastrophe.
Sure, the principals had autographed paddles and public spankings, but the students came to school largely well-behaved and enthused. By junior high there was often brutal fist fighting in Blackboard-Jungle- or Up the Down Staircase-style, but no knives, much less guns. Mr. Tow, our sixth grade science teacher (there were giants in those days), was our hero—we wanted to dress as neatly as he did, to walk as uprightly as he did, to speak as well as he did. And most over the years did.
What am I getting at? This is not just reactionary "those were the good ‘ole days" mythologizing. Students really were better behaved and more ready to learn when they arrived at school—and that did more than anything to make public education work in a way it often does not now. It was as if, in Hesiodic style, with material progress came moral regress.
In contrast, today’s families, parents—whatever we call them—are sending large number of dysfunctional students to schools (and colleges). Perhaps they are raised by single- or foster- or no- moms; perhaps they are the targets of abuse; perhaps drugs have taken their toll; perhaps they are wards of the entitlement industry; perhaps they are outsourced at home to television and video games; perhaps their sneakers are now more costly than their predecessors' entire clothing; perhaps they have never had to work and are spoiled by leisure hours consumed with cheap electronic gadgets. All these tragedies perhaps create predator-like students in our schools.
Perhaps, perhaps, perhaps. But the bottom line is that—aside from all the therapeutic, politically-correct, sociological mishmash in our schools—a large percentage of students comes into the system at an early age, and continues through out it, as anti-social, prone to rude behavior and language, disruptive,and from environments where illiteracy, criminality, and furor are not uncommon. This is by no means the majority of students, but there are still enough who fit that profile to consume the resources and attention of the bullied staff and faculty to such an extent that our schools simply become dysfunctional.
Answers? I have none, given that postmodern society itself is the culprit—other than one: Please, no more “No Child Left Behind” sort of Manhattan-Project-like initiatives. We do not really need more per capita spending, new rules, new theories, new paradigms. Charter schools and vouchers might help, but are not the solutions (we had neither when I was a tyke). Instead, just a word to families and parents: do not send a child to school who is anti-social, disruptive, or criminally minded. We need to create a shame culture in which the worst sort of social transgression (far worse than smoking) is to burden the public schools with children that were neither raised nor tamed.
As a small start, might we end anonymity and return to the old shame culture of identifying youths by name, at any age, once they come into contact with the criminal justice system? As in: "David Smith, age 15, of 302 Broad Street, Selma, was arraigned today on charges of aggravated assault." | <urn:uuid:1293c05a-2c32-4809-9108-b5583264d9f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://pjmedia.com/victordavishanson/2011-politically-incorrect-resolutions/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00465-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982841 | 932 | 1.546875 | 2 |
- "First, I want you to go to the Jedi Temple. We will catch them off balance. Do what must be done, Lord Vader. Do not hesitate; show no mercy."
- ―Darth Sidious, to Darth Vader
Following a duel between Mace Windu and Supreme Chancellor Sheev Palpatine, who had been revealed as the Sith Lord Darth Sidious, Anakin Skywalker swore himself to Palpatine and the dark side of the Force. Anakin Skywalker, was given the name Darth Vader, and was then ordered to attack the Jedi Temple on Coruscant. Vader led the attack on the Jedi Temple with his 501st Legion of clone troopers. He did not stop until even the Younglings were destroyed, and set the Temple beacon to call the Jedi home, saying the war was over, in order to kill those that had escaped Order 66. He later left to tell his wife Padmé Amidala of the situation, and the troops continued the attack independently, taking down Zett Jukassa and warding off Bail Organa. The attack, along with the execution of Order 66 on other planets, led to the exile and near-extermination of the remaining Jedi.
However, two Jedi survivors, Masters Obi-Wan Kenobi and Yoda, managed to infiltrate the Temple and invert the beacon, having it tell all Jedi to stay away from the Temple.
- "In the name of the Galactic Senate of the Republic, you're under arrest, Chancellor."
"Are you threatening me, Master Jedi?"
"The Senate will decide your fate."
"I am the Senate."
- ―Mace Windu and Palpatine
Since their first encounter, Supreme Chancellor Sheev Palpatine—secretly the Dark Lord of the Sith Darth Sidious—had taken an interest in Anakin Skywalker, a boy strong in the Force and intent on learning the ways of the Jedi. He positioned himself as a mentor and father figure to the boy in order to influence his decisions, and eventually make him his apprentice. Skywalker, because of this, trusted Palpatine absolutely, confiding in him his greatest secrets, such as his slaughter of Tusken Raiders on Tatooine. Near the end of the Clone Wars, Palpatine invited Skywalker, who had become a Jedi Knight, to a performance of Squid Lake in the Galaxies Opera House. There, he told to Skywalker The Tragedy of Darth Plagueis the Wise, telling him that there were Sith techniques that he could learn to people-such as his wife-from death. Later, Palpatine admitted to Skywalker that he knew how to utilize the dark side of the Force, and Skywalker realized that he was actually the Sith Lord that the Jedi had been looking for. The Knight was shocked by this revelation, and he fled to the Jedi Temple to inform Jedi Master Mace Windu, who took a squad of Masters to apprehend the Sith.
In his office on Coruscant, Sidious was confronted by Windu's group, and all but Windu were quickly killed by the Sith. Sidious and Windu continued fighting until Skywalker arrived. Deciding that Amidala's life was more important to him than his commitment to the Jedi, Skywalker cut off Windu's arm to save the Sith Lord, and Sidious Force pushed Windu out of a window to his death. Skywalker then pledged himself to Sidious's teachings in order to save his wife, and was given the Sith name "Darth Vader." Sidious took this moment to carefully admit that he did not actually know the secret to preserving life, but Vader evidently did not realize what he had said. With that, Sidious declared the Jedi Order an enemy of the Galactic Republic, assigning Vader the task of attacking the halls of the Jedi Temple and eliminating this growing "menace." A large detachment of troopers from the 501st Legion was transferred to Coruscant to serve Lord Vader during the mission.
While Vader prepared to begin his mission, Sidious enacted Order 66, a mandate that Republic clone troopers across the galaxy had been programmed to follow without question since before the Clone Wars had broken out. It commanded them to kill their Jedi Commanders in the name of the Republic. Within minutes, many Jedi were killed by their formerly loyal troops, though a few survived the Order.
- "You have done well, my new apprentice. Your skills are unmatched by any Sith before you. Now, Lord Vader, go and bring peace to the Empire."
- ―Palpatine, to Darth Vader
Marching silently to the gates of the Temple with the clones, Darth Vader led the clones inside where they began to massacre its residents. The Jedi, in defense of their home, fought back and killed many clone troopers. Vader altered and broadcast a beacon ordering all Jedi to return to the Jedi Temple because the war was over, leading any who heeded the call to their death at the hands of the clones.
Vader went to search the Council Chamber for more survivors, and it was there that he found a large group of younglings. A young boy, Sors Bandeam, approached Vader from where the other younglings had hidden themselves. Bandeam, not realizing that Skywalker had become Vader and defected to the Sith, asked him what the Jedi were going to do, and in answer, Vader re-ignited his lightsaber and proceeded to execute the entire group. The fierce fighting sparked a blaze which soon engulfed the entire Temple, attracting the attention of hundreds of beings who watched in horror as the ancient edifice burned. Witnessing the smoke and flames Bail Organa, the senator from Alderaan and a Jedi sympathizer, landed on the landing platform of one of the Tower hangars to investigate the fire. After being turned away by the clones guarding the hangar, the retreating Senator witnessed Zett Jukassa, a young Padawan, cutting his way through the group in an attempt to escape the massacre. Though Jukassa put up a tremendous fight and killed six clones, including the commanding officer Sergeant Appo, he was soon overwhelmed and shot dead right in front of the horrifed Senator. The clones started to fire on Bail Organa until a trooper ordered them to stand down, telling the others not to worry about him. As she meditated in the temple, Shaak Ti was murdered by Vader when he stabbed her through the back.
Vader then confronted Cin Drallig. After murdering two of Drallig's trainees, Bene and Whie, the Sith entered a duel with Drallig, but Vader killed him by slashing his shoulder. Soon after, this would be briefly witnessed by Yoda and Obi-Wan Kenobi.
As the fighting began to die down, Darth Sidious arrived at the Temple to check on Vader's progress. Vader knelt before his Master to be congratulated by the Dark Lord and said to go and bring peace to the rising Empire. Sidious then ordered Vader to travel to Mustafar to eliminate the leaders of the Confederacy of Independent Systems, a unrecognized state opposing the Republic that had seceded three years prior, assembled there by Sidious under the pretense of talks to end the conflict.
- "Not even the Younglings survived."
"Killed not by clones, this Padawan, but by a lightsaber, he was."
"Who? Who could have done this?"
- ―Obi-Wan Kenobi and Yoda, upon finding a group of murdered Jedi hopefuls in the Temple
Leaving the clones to root out any remaining Jedi in the Temple, Darth Vader went to visit his wife in her apartment and explained the destruction of the Temple by telling her that the Jedi had betrayed the Republic. He told her where he was going and why while warning her to stay away from other members of the Senate, saying there were traitors there, too.
Before the fires had been doused, an emergency Galactic Senate meeting was called by Palpatine the day after the attack on the Temple. During the assembly, he informed the senators of the Jedi's attempt to usurp control of the galaxy and the previous night's events. He also told them of the Temple's pacification and the clones' efforts across the galaxy to wipe out the organization in the wake of that realization. To fully sway his audience to his cause, Palpatine delivered a speech claiming the Jedi had orchestrated the entirety of the Clone Wars to weaken the Republic so that they could take over the galaxy. Palpatine also announced that to prevent another such attempt, the Galactic Republic would be reorganized as a unified body under his sole, absolute authority, the Galactic Empire.
The Jedi incursionEdit
- Kenobi: "Have we had any contact from the Temple?"
- Yoda: "Received a coded retreat message, we have."
- Organa: "It requests all Jedi to return to the Temple. It says the war is over."
- Kenobi: "Well, then we must go back. If there are any stragglers, they will fall into the trap and be killed."
- ―Obi-Wan Kenobi, Yoda, and Bail Organa[src]
Following the raid, two survivors of Order 66, Masters Yoda and Obi-Wan Kenobi, received the message ordering all Jedi to return to the Temple and immediately recognized it as a trap. Since the emergency Senate session would make it easier to enter the Temple, the two Jedi Masters returned to the Temple during the meeting to take advantage of it. They found the Temple in shambles, fires still burning, and bodies from both sides of the conflict strewn through the halls.
After fighting his way through their former allies alongside Yoda, Kenobi was able to enter the beacon room. There, Kenobi reconfigured the beacon to ward Jedi away. They also found a security hologram that showed Skywalker killing Cin Drallig and his Padawan students before conferring with Sidious. Kenobi was shocked by the revelation that Skywalker, his former Padawan, had fallen to the Dark Side and lead the massacre. In order to find him, he went to Amidala, who had been watching the Jedi Temple burn from afar, and stowed away in secret on her ship when she went to confront her husband on Mustafar. This led to a duel between the two Force users.
Before her murder at Darth Vader's hand, Shaak Ti managed to record a message on a holocron urging any future readers to carry on the Order and not let the Jedi die in vain. This holocron would end up in the collection of Grakkus, a Hutt crime lord, and the message witnessed by Luke Skywalker.
Behind the scenesEdit
- "Then [Sidious] says 'Okay, well, now I'll [save your wife], but now you have to do all these things: you have to kill the Jedi because if you don't kill all the Jedi—even if you leave one alive, even if it's just one of the little kids—they'll come back and get us and we'll be dealing with this forever.'"
- ―George Lucas in the Revenge of the Sith commentary
The eradication of the Jedi Order and the turning of Anakin Skywalker were first indirectly mentioned in the original trilogy. However, in 2005, the theatrical release of the film, depicting the event for the first time.
George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars, felt that the portion of the raid featuring Sors Bandeam and his clan was a very necessary one. He wanted to demonstrate just how far Skywalker had fallen from his pedestal as a Jedi Knight, but he had absolutely no intention for actually showing them killed. Nonetheless, another child, Zett Jukassa, was killed on screen. He was portrayed by Lucas's son, Jett Lucas.
In the Star Wars: The Clone Wars television series episode "Ghosts of Mortis," the Son shows Anakin Skywalker a vision of his future that included portions of the events of Revenge of the Sith. One of these visions was of Skywalker raising his lightsaber to strike down a child immediately after a vision of Palpatine using Force lightning, and before he saw his strangling Padmé Amidala with the Force just before his duel with Obi-Wan Kenobi. Taken as chronological visions of the movie, and interpreting Palpatine's scene as from the showdown with Mace Windu, that would place this child as a victim of the raid.
Originally, Kenobi and Yoda were to be greeted by a squad of clone troopers disguised as Jedi in the movie. A promotional image of Temuera Morrison as one of these clones is on the second disc of the Revenge of the Sith DVD set, suggesting that they were considered for the movie.
- Catalyst (Mentioned only)
- Star Wars: The Clone Wars – "Ghosts of Mortis" (Vision to Anakin Skywalker)
- Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith (First appearance)
- Ahsoka (Indirect mention only)
- Lords of the Sith (Indirect mention only)
- Darth Vader 1: Vader (Indirect mention only)
- Darth Vader 24: End of Games, Part V (Indirect mention only)
- (Indirect mention only)
- Star Wars in 100 Scenes
- Ultimate Star Wars
- Star Wars: Galactic Atlas
- Backstories: Star Wars – Princess Leia: Royal Rebel
Notes and referencesEdit
- ↑ Kanan 1: The Last Padawan, Part I: Fight
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith
- ↑ Ahsoka
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Star Wars: Galactic Atlas
- ↑ Star Wars 9: Showdown on the Smuggler's Moon, Part II | <urn:uuid:e0405438-a5bf-43a4-be02-a820ae614858> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Attack_on_the_Jedi_Temple | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97056 | 2,939 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The purpose of this study is to obtain a general solution to the field equations of thermoelastic solid with voids and micro-temperatures under the gravitational field in the context of the three theories, namely, coupled theory (CT), Lord and Shulman theory and Green and Lindsay theory.
The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the exact expressions for the considered variables. Comparisons are made with the results obtained in the three theories with and without gravity. Some particular cases are also deduced from the present investigation.
The effect of the gravity on the displacement, the micro-temperature vector, the temperature distribution, the normal stress, the changes in the volume fraction field and the heat flux moments have been depicted graphically.
Some particular cases are also deduced from the present investigation.
The results of the physical quantities have been illustrated graphically by a comparison between three different theories in the presence and absence of gravity.
Othman, M.I.A. and Abd-Elaziz, E.M. (2019), "Influence of gravity and micro-temperatures on the thermoelastic porous medium under three theories", International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, Vol. 29 No. 9, pp. 3242-3262. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-12-2018-0763
Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited | <urn:uuid:2370b82b-14a8-46b5-b640-d0ed052de8c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/HFF-12-2018-0763/full/html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.882309 | 336 | 1.851563 | 2 |
The setting of sales quota is a complex and skillful activity. Certain principles must be followed for setting sales quotas.
This is essential to obtain the full benefit of sales quotas.
It is also necessary for securing and maintaining acceptance of the quota by those to whom they are assigned.
Principles of Sales Quota Setting
These principles or essentials of sales quota setting are described below:
Good sales quotas are accurate. Accuracy must be maintained while setting sales quotas.
The more closely sales quotas are related to territorial potentials, the greater the chances for accuracy.
An accurate sales quota result from the skillful blending of planning and operating information with sound judgment.
There should be fairness in allocating sales quotas.
There should be uniformity in allotment between salesmen.
The various factor like the nature of territory, competition and the ability of the salesmen must be considered.
Setting a fair sales quota involves determining the proper blend of sales potential and previous experience.
The sales quotas must be achievable without must difficulty.
These should be set at the optimum level. Too much higher quotas are not attainable. These can demotivate the salesmen.
These should be determined after appraising changes in personnel capabilities.
Setting unrealistic quotas that can not be met only results nm a morale problem and serve no useful purpose.
Too often, management is guilty of fooling itself in putting down figures that are no more than wishful thinking.
Sales quotas should be set on the basis of facts and figures.
These should be supported by proper data and information.
The method of sales quota setting should be simple and easy to understand.
An imperfect, but simple sales quota system is likely to work better than an accurate, but a complicated one.
6. High Quota Levels
Many salespeople are quota achievers and that their motivation decreases if they are given quotas that are too easy to reach.
Experts also suggest that management should use a highly centralized quota with high quota levels for maximum effectiveness in motivating and channeling salesperson effort.
The sales quotas must be flexible to some extent.
No sales quota can be good so far as it has no quality of flexibility. 22 Objectives and Importance of Sales Quota (With Examples).
The quotas must have a fixed basis.
These may be fixed on a geographical basis, or on money value, or on units of product.
Stability should be maintained in a sales quota setting.
The basis and method of quota setting should not be changed frequently.
Too many changes create confusion among the salesmen and reduce the goodwill of managers.
Feedback, or knowledge of results, is necessary for goals to improve performance.
Sales manager feedback is a very powerful force in shaping salespeople’s performance.
This suggests that management should give salespeople frequent feedback on their level of sales relative to the quota.
11. Global Commitment
Salespeople must consider the goal to be their own.
This is what is meant by goal commitment that is, a person’s determination to attain a goal or quota.
12. Building Self Confidence
How people feel about their ability to perform certain behaviors successfully is very important to high performance.
Recent research results indicate that’s salespeople who are confident in their sales ability set higher performance goals and perform better than those who are less confident.
Participation in all the salespersons is needed to achieve sales quotas successfully.
Its sales personnel participate in the sales quota setting, the task of explaining quotas and how they are determined is simplified.
14. Monitoring of Performance
In administering any quota system, there is a need for continuous monitoring of performance.
Arrangements must be made to gather and analyze performance statices with minimum delay.
Charts recording each salesperson’s performance against quota on a monthly, or even weekly, basis facilities this analysis.
The sales quota should have a motivating effect on the salesmen.
Those who achieve sales quota should be given incentives to encourage them.
Sales Quotas must cause the entire sales team to turn their efforts to achieve them. One executive concludes. 14 Limitations or Problems in Setting Sales Quota.
Set quotas people believe in and promise them a reward for attaining quota.
Thus, now you know all the important principles of the sales quota setting. | <urn:uuid:d505f22a-7224-4da5-9eed-8a09a969341d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.googlesir.com/principles-of-sales-quota-setting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.921657 | 950 | 2.65625 | 3 |
In constrictive shoes, the big toe is forced to bend toward the second toe and the first joint of the big toe is moved out of place. To compensate for the realignment, the outside of the joint is increased in size. Tendons then begin to pull the toe into an abnormal position. Over time the change in position becomes painful and permanent. The change in position also causes the mechanics of the toes and foot to be affected. The joint at the base of the big toe carries a lot of weight when walking or running. In a normally shaped foot the position of the big toe helps create a wide base of support and stability. A foot that has had the big toe bent toward the second toe will tend to roll inward. This abnormal pronation, along with the ill-fitting shoes will make the Bunion even worse. If a person has a foot anatomy that is prone to Bunions, wearing footwear with a too-narrow toe box will accelerate the development of a Bunion. Wearing footwear with a wide toe box may help prevent or at least delay the development of Bunions.
Bunions develop when the pressures of bearing and shifting your weight fall unevenly on the joints and tendons in your feet. This imbalance in pressure makes your big toe joint unstable, eventually molding the parts of the joint into a hard knob that juts out beyond the normal shape of your foot. Experts disagree on whether tight, high-heeled or too-narrow shoes cause bunions or whether footwear simply contributes to bunion development. Other causes include inherited foot type, foot injuries, deformities present at birth (congenital). Bunions may be associated with certain types of arthritis, particularly inflammatory types, such as rheumatoid arthritis. An occupation that puts extra stress on your feet or one that requires you to wear pointed shoes also can be a cause.
The most common symptoms associated with this condition are pain on the side of the foot. Shoes will typically aggravate bunions. Stiff leather shoes or shoes with a tapered toe box are the prime offenders. This is why bunion pain is most common in women whose shoes have a pointed toe box. The bunion site will often be slightly swollen and red from the constant rubbing and irritation of a shoe. Occasionally, corns can develop between the 1st and 2nd toe from the pressure the toes rubbing against each other. On rare occasions, the joint itself can be acutely inflamed from the development of a sac of fluid over the bunion called a bursa. This is designed to protect and cushion the bone. However, it can become acutely inflamed, a condition referred to as bursitis.
Your doctor can identify a bunion by examining your foot. Watching your big toe as you move it up and down will help your doctor determine if your range of motion is limited. Your doctor will also look for redness or swelling. After the physical exam, an X-ray of your foot can help your doctor identify the cause of the bunion and rate its severity.
Non Surgical Treatment
A bunion treatment must address the underlying cause of the deformity, not just the bump (bunion) itself but also the functions of the foot. The up and down motion of the longitudinal arches in the foot. The sideways motion of the transverse arch. Bunion aids effectively treat this underlying foot function while straightening the big toe because the mid-foot strap stabilizes the longitudinal arches and transverse arch. The toe strap gradually and gently pulls the big toe away from the second toe. The metatarsal pad helps align the transverse arch. The hinged splint enables the big toe to flex while walking and adapts to the contour of the foot, especially around the inflamed area of the joint.
A bunion is considered moderate when it pushes against the second toe. In fact, over time, the big toe can force itself under the second toe, causing it to buckle and form a "hammer toe." If non-invasive treatment is not effective, and the joint is still causing discomfort, the doctor may suggest a bunionectomy to realign the big toe. With this procedure, the bunion head is moved over realigning the angled great toe joint back to a normal position. The tendons and ligaments are also balanced for a more normal pull on the toe. In moderate bunion cases, you will experience a relatively rapid recovery. The procedure allows for immediate weight on the foot in a boot and return to tennis shoes in about a month. The choice of procedure best for each patient depends on the deformity size, the stiffness of the 1st metatarsal and the ease of realignment of the 1st metatarsal during the clinical exam.
Make better shoe choices. If you?re a woman, avoid high-heeled footwear whenever possible (at the very least, choose shoes with heels lower than two inches), and make sure all your footwear has a wide, deep toe box. Whether man or woman, if you?re trying on shoes and your toes feel ?squished? or crowded by a particular shoe, reject that style and try another, or go for a larger size. You don?t need to invite trouble. In general, shoes that come to a point at the toe are bad news, as they tend to push the toes together into an overlapping pattern. Shoes with rocker soles will unload pressure on the bunion area. Examine your feet regularly. Note any redness, swelling or discoloration. Flex your toes and check for any stiffness. If there is any, think back to what you?ve worn or done in the past few days. If the condition persists more than a few days, or worsens, a visit to the podiatric physician is in order. | <urn:uuid:87da2b4a-6c65-4f9b-9b06-f20a9def5f8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://annettoravetz.hatenablog.com/entry/Bunions_All_You_Need_To_Know | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.926656 | 1,247 | 2.921875 | 3 |
By ASA Test Prep Board
Applicants studying for the FAA Commercial Pilot Knowledge Exams will find sample questions for every question in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) exam database along with their answers and explanations, in this guide. All of the more than 800 questions from the exam are arranged by subject category and are accompanied by specific study material. Updates are provided to account for FAA test-question changes throughout the publication year via the ASA website or e-mail. Subjects covered include aerodynamics, aircraft systems, flight instruments, aircraft performance, navigation, airspace and airport operations, and meteorology. Includes softcover book and computer testing supplement. | <urn:uuid:7433ae38-2bc5-4915-bc80-1b5a2e98a12b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://livrobook.xyz/2012/11/29/tampa-bay-campus-adn-bookstore-commercial-pilot-test-prep-2017-study-amp-prepare-pass-your-test-and-know-what-is-essential-to-become-a-safe-competent-pilot-from-the-most-trusted-source-in-aviation-tra/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936507 | 128 | 2.25 | 2 |
We all make mistakes; it’s a part of being human and fallible. But if you’re like most people, you feel terrible whenever it happens. The reason, as most business coaches and motivational experts will tell you, is that people mostly just want to do a good job. Studies in the past have shown that while money is a key factor in human performance levels, being appreciated for talent and hard work ranks even higher.
It follows then, that when we don’t get it right the first time, or we let someone down, or we don’t meet expectations, we feel badly about it. Some people feel so badly that they block out this emotion, instead projecting the blame on others so they won’t have to face being imperfect.
People who feel secure in themselves, however, have a different way of looking at mistakes. Instead of dwelling in them, or living in denial about them, or searching for a scapegoat, they are able to recognize and acknowledge when they’ve acted in error, correct the mistake, and recover.
So, what do you do when you’ve tried your best, but things didn’t work out and now you’ve got a big mess to clean up?
Answer: just clean it up and move on.
Some tips for recovering from an accidental screw-up:
1. Remember that this is not the end of the world. Even if something pretty major happened, like getting fired from your job… eventually it will all untangle in the end. When things fall apart, they give us room to rebuild from a stronger foundation. Though today may not be your best day, the future is full of promise.
2. Keep it in perspective. An occasional flub is no reason to beat yourself up. Try to look at what happened in the here-and-now. If you inadvertently offended someone, it doesn’t mean that you’re a social misfit, worthy of mockery and a public flogging. It just means you’ve got some apologizing and clarifying to do.
3. Get back up on the horse. People always say that after you get in an accident, you should get right back in the saddle or driver’s seat. Likewise, in your life… the longer you wait to put things on the mend, the more paralyzed by fear you’ll become. Remember that if you’ve set good goals for yourself, then minor setbacks shouldn’t derail you from that plan.
4. Take responsibility for your actions. Some people think that taking responsibility requires that we hang our heads in shame when we do something wrong. But there is no reason to associate responsibility with humiliation. It’s really just about owning up and saying “I’m going to make a plan for how to fix this,” and then doing that.
5. Don’t get caught up in the past. Suppose someone tells you they aren’t happy with a job that you completed for them. In your mind, you might flash back to a similar time when someone criticized your work. You even forget about the other 90% of the time when your work pleased someone. This type of negative thinking moves you farther away from what you really want – which is to rectify things. Why not just find out what needs to be done, and nip the issue in the bud?
6. Communicate and cooperate. The mistakes that impact us more deeply are the ones that involve other people. What if someone thinks less of us because we fouled up? The first thing you should do here is ‘fess up and own up. Keep the lines of communication open. Most reasonable people are willing to work with you on a problem that needs solving.
The fact is that it’s easy to mess up in this day and age. We have the speed of technology, careening us down unexpected roads. We’re also busier than ever. Many parents work full-time and share the child-rearing and household responsibilities equally with their spouse. Lots of people work from home or take work home with them, putting extra pressure on to perform during “off peak” hours. It’s no wonder we’re having so much trouble keeping our heads on straight!
What it all boils down to, is survival. Can you really afford to remain at the mercy of accidental circumstances? Or is it better to just acknowledge, accept, repair and move on to the next goal?
The worst thing that can happen is someone notices that you took extra pains to make it right. | <urn:uuid:13272e08-ec7c-43d9-994a-ff1b0f8514e2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.slowdownfast.com/what-to-do-if-you-screw-up/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958775 | 960 | 2.078125 | 2 |
On the basis of realistic scientific data, by the end of the course, student will:
be trained to identify and reconstruct the role of the ocean in past changes in climate;
be trained to identify , interpret and reconstruct paleoclimate and variations there in;
be trained in general academic skills such as written presentations.
(Paleo)ocean circulation during different climatic regimes and related proxy variability will be discussed while sequentially introducing different concepts and aspects. Theory and application of marine proxies will be illustrated by relevant case studies. In particular the Glacial world will be contrasted to the (present-day) Interglacial, and compared to high-frequency (e.g. El-Nino) paleoceanographic and proxies variations. Amongst the aspects to be discussed are: Glacial climate and its forcing; sediment dating techniques; paleoproductvity; pCO2 reconstruction; oxygenation; sea surface temperature; deep water circulation; and proxy preservation. Current important scientific questions will be addressed and different view points discussed. The course teaches students hands on scientific research so that they can ‘hit the ground running’ in climate related projects.|
Development of Transferable Skills
- Ability to work in the team: Presentations, practicals and final research proposal are organized in teams. Students have to distribute tasks, organize the workflow and are responsible for the time planning;
- Problem solving: students receive data from previous sea-going expeditions and have to use different approaches to unravel past ocean and climate change;
- Verbal communication skills: 50% of the lectures are based on the so-called flip-class room concept in which the students have to transfer expert knowledge to to their peers. This implies that they alos have to set teaching goals, plan a lecture and present the lecture. Subjects are setup in such a way as to stimulate discussion and participate in the discussion;
- Analytical / quantitative skills: students have to setup and run simple numerical (inverse) models to to analyse their data. These model runs are subsequently quantitatively compared with real world data;
- Technical skills: using the computer programmes Excel for handling large data sets and data transformations. By regularly comparing different analytical approaches students get insight in the prossibilities and limitations of the different techniques. | <urn:uuid:924d788a-2639-4326-9780-26e7a0bf1014> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://osiris.uu.nl/osiris_student_uuprd/OnderwijsCatalogusSelect.do?selectie=cursus&cursus=GEO4-1405&collegejaar=2017 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.926582 | 480 | 3.078125 | 3 |
- Always be aware of the location of power lines, particularly when using long metal ladders, pool skimmers, and pruning poles, or when installing rooftop antennas and satellite dishes or doing roof repair work.
- If your project includes digging, like building a deck or planting a tree call your utilities hotline before you begin. Never assume the location or depth of underground utility lines. Call at last three business days ahead of your dig date. This service prevents the inconvenience of having utilities interrupted, and can help you avoid serious injury.
- Electricity + water = DANGER. If it’s raining or the ground is wet, avoid using electric yard tools. Never step into a flooded area, especially basements, if the water is in contact with electrical outlets, appliances or cords.
- Be sure outdoor outlets and outlets near wet areas of the kitchen, bath and laundry room have ground fault circuit interrupts (GFCI) to prevent serious shock injuries
- Make sure tools and extension cords are marked for outdoor use.
- Read and follow the manufacturers’ instructions when using any product that is power by electricity.
- Don’t touch anything that has a downed wire laying on it. Electricity can travel more than some people might realize. Call to inform the power company of downed wires right away.
- Never try to rescue a family member, friend or pet that has come into contact with any electrical equipment — Call 911 immediately
We are here to help. Whenever you have a problem, big or small, we have solutions. 636-926-2001 | <urn:uuid:0e790fa0-81f4-4fce-b369-a065e9376651> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://branhamelectric.com/summer-electrical-safety-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.906219 | 321 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Dec. 9, 2013 — Sandia National Laboratories researchers have devised a novel way to realize electrical conductivity in metal-organic framework (MOF) materials, a development that could have profound implications for the future of electronics, sensors, energy conversion and Energy-Storage'>energy storage.
The article, "Tunable Electrical Conductivity in Metal-Organic Framework Thin-Film Devices," debuts in the Dec. 5 edition of Science. The paper -- co-authored by a group of Sandia researchers and collaborators at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) -- describes a technique that experiments show successfully increases the electrical conductivity of one MOF by over six orders of magnitude.
MOFs: "tinker toys" for chemists
Materials researchers have considered MOF materials primarily for use in gas storage, drug delivery and other conventional applications for porous materials. Their crystalline structure, which resembles molecular scaffolding, consists of rigid organic molecules linked together by metal ions. This hybrid of inorganic and organic components produces an unusual combination of properties: nanoporosity, ultrahigh surface areas and remarkable thermal stability, which are attractive to chemists seeking novel materials that combine the superior performance of traditional inorganic semiconductors with the low cost and ease of fabrication typical of conducting organic polymers.
Allendorf, a chemist and MOF expert who called the research findings the most exciting development in his 28-year Sandia career, likens them to "tinker toys" for chemists.
"When you imagine the 'tinker toys' we played with as children, you recall they are essentially wooden balls with holes that you can link together with sticks," Allendorf explained. "MOFs work the same way, only you substitute metal ions for the balls and organic molecules for the sticks."
"Importantly, MOFs possess a characteristic of molecules that allows us to adapt their properties to a specific application: we can perform chemistry on them, unlike traditional inorganic electronic materials, such as silicon and copper," said Talin. Molecules, he said, represent the "ultimate, small-scale unit" at which electronic devices can be made. They are so difficult to manipulate and organize, however, that practical "molecular electronics" have not been realized. "How you connect to molecules, where you place them -- those issues have consistently perplexed materials scientists," said Talin.
The power of empty space
So he considered a different approach. "With MOFs, we can get around this problem by using the nanopores to organize molecules. The trick is to pick the right kind of molecule, so that it binds to and interacts with the entire framework." Some MOFs, says Talin, have empty holes in the tinker-toy balls that can bind molecules that infiltrate the pores.
"This isn't like silicon, which can't change its electrical properties," Talin said. "You can add tiny amounts of dopants to silicon or introduce other impurities, but with our approach, you suddenly have the potential to tailor the material to achieve exactly the properties you want. This is the beauty of molecular electronics."
To test their hypothesis, Sandia and NIST's researchers added a molecule known as tetracyanoquinodimethane, or TCNQ, to their framework. First, they took a substrate with platinum electrodes patterned on its surface and coated it with a thin film of the MOF. The substrate was then dipped in a solution containing the TCNQ molecule, which they knew would seep into the MOF's tiny pores. The MOF film containing the TCNQ bridged the electrode connection points, which then could be connected to a current meter for measuring.
"Frankly, I thought it would never work," said Allendorf. "But that's the great thing about science: being wrong can be a good thing."
The results are in, and they are good
The research team found that the MOF materials were conducting, though at relatively small quantities at first. "It was clear that something good was happening, so we were very excited," said Allendorf.
The experiment was repeated several times with slight but important improvements in film quality achieved by optimizing the laboratory fabrication process.
"Conditions matter, and we had to be very deliberate in how we prepared the framework to accept the guest molecule," said Allendorf. Removing the water and excess solvent from the film is no trivial matter, he said. The research team fine-tuned the process over the course of several months and, in doing so, began to see large leaps in electrical conductivity.
"The increase was massive," said Talin. The conductivity in the material, he says, is now a million times higher than that of the starting material, and a thousand times higher than anything previously reported using a metal-organic framework. The researchers plan on patenting their approach and also hope to land additional funding in order to experiment with other guest molecules.
Keeping up with Moore's Law and other applications
"The overwhelming success of this project opens a whole new way to design electrically active materials," said Talin. Organic materials, he pointed out, offer low costs and mechanical flexibility. "There are probably hundreds of potential applications for this work that come into play, such as breath analysis and microelectronics," he said.
The ability to make smaller and faster electronic devices to keep up with Moore's Law has always been a motivator in the field of molecular electronics, Allendorf said. MOFs have the potential to create molecular electronic devices on the scale of their pore dimensions, or approximately 1 nanometer.
Solar technology is another potential application, said Allendorf, and the Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy funded some of the initial research. "With electrically conducting MOFs, we might very well be able to combine the high efficiencies achievable with traditional inorganic thin film materials such as polycrystalline silicon with the low cost and flexibility aspects of organic photovoltaics," he said.
"Our next step needs to be the exploration of other hosts and guest molecules," said Talin. "We'd like to experiment with different MOF structures and different organic molecules to see if new behavior emerges. We want to see where this new learning takes us."
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Friday, 13 May 2011
Lipson Street was named in honour of Captain Thomas Lipson who arrived in South Australia in 1836. Lipson was the Colonial Naval Officer, Collector of Customs and Harbour Master; he was soon to become the virtual ruler of Port Adelaide.
Lipson Street was a thoroughfare of banks and maritime companies who erected impressive buildings, each with an extensive cellar. The examples of humbler architecture still there today are also of great interest.
In the early days there were few shops in this neighbourhood but a surprising number of tiny dwellings filled every alleyway adjoining Lipson Street. Many of these cottages were owned or leased by women: they were possibly boarding houses or rental accommodation for which there was always a strong demand in a bustling town that attracted tradesmen and labourers and where all new arrivals first came ashore.
Council records show that printers and smithys were plentiful in this vicinity, and of course the nearby hotels expanded steadily in size and number.
Former Bank of Adelaide – 114 Lipson Street
In 1878 the Bank of Adelaide opened for business in Lipson Street at number 116. That small building was then described as a store and cellar but it was adapted to serve the bank’s needs for a number of years.
In the meantime the property next door at number 114 was purchased from Captain John Bickers, an early pioneer and well known mariner, whose rather large wooden house (and garden!) had been a landmark here for a long time. In 1885 the present elegant structure was completed by local builders, Burge and Kestel, and it has survived intact from that boom period. The architectural detail is extremely ornate, incorporating pilasters with Corinthian capitals, keystones with carved acanthus leaves, and classical balustrading that surmounts the whole pile. The walls are of roughly squared bluestone and, as a delightful surprise, the rear corners are rounded by two turrets designed to contain wooden spiral staircases.
Well, the bank was certainly designed to impress. We do not know how impressed were the working class people who lived in the lowly cottages nearby but it is unlikely that their penny-a-week contributions to a Funeral Fund found their way here – the Friendly Societies catered for that trade.
Like the Adelaide Steamship Company, the Bank of Adelaide was a prestigious organisation in early South Australia. It served the Port business community well in spite of all its competitors in fashionable Lipson Street. Since the bank closed in 1981 its lovely building has housed a restaurant but its grand façade still looks like a monument to commerce.
Central Chambers – 112 Lipson Street
This purpose-built office accommodation was erected in about 1877 and fully tenanted almost from the outset. Its twelve offices housed customs and shipping agents, solicitors, architects and land agents.
The single storey bluestone building was designed to accommodate warehousing activity in its basement. The two access doors to the lower level enable bulky goods to be moved in and out with ease. They are matched by two similar openings at the rear of the building. The front windows have been altered but those on the side and rear elevations retain the original double-hung 12 pane sashes.
For more than twenty five years late in the nineteenth century William Baldwin rented the cellars, dealing not in coal or hardware, but fine wines. Besides importing popular spirits, ports, sherries and madeiras, there were ample full-bodied reds to export to Britain for “medicinal” purposes. After all, vineyards were an early success in the young colony. John Reynell had established his first vines at Reynella in 1838 and by 1903 there were nineteen flourishing wineries in the McLaren Vale district alone. Baldwin shared the large cellar with a succession of bottlers, and he in turn was followed by a line of other wine merchants.
Tayper Enterprises – 113-115 Lipson Street
The allotment on the southern corner of Lipson Street and narrow little Jane Street was an extremely busy spot in the late nineteenth century. In 1875 it accommodated this single storey brick building with cellar, as well as nine wooden or brick houses, most of them consisting of two rooms only.
The corner shop building was rented by George Hains who conducted a printing business here and in nearby buildings for the whole of the last quarter of the 1800’s.
In 1896 the five roomed house adjacent to the corner structure was annexed to form a row of shops, later converted to offices.
An early photo dated about 1920 shows the building in its former window configuration and with its original verandah along the Lipson Street frontage. This verandah continued around the corner with bracket supports over Jane Street. The building initially had a parapet but this has been removed and the roof extended to the gutter line.
Britannia Hotel – cnr McLaren Parade/Lipson Street
The Britannia Hotel on the eastern waterfront corner of Lipson Street is one of the most elaborate of the Port’s hotels and one of the few 1890’s buildings in the Centre. Pubs of that era sought to attract patronage by means of a glamorous exterior and this one was certainly dressed to kill.
The Britannia has fine cast iron lace work and is embellished with a pretty verandah pediment and finial. Built in 1889 and patriotically named, it replaced an earlier hotel dating from 1850, and proudly known for years as Murphy’s, one of the few Irish business names around the Port in that period. When rowdy sailors came ashore one can imagine the odd tomato sometimes being flung at the portrait of the dear Queen.
As the pub was placed in such a prominent situation facing the wharf, it must have been a marvelous site for new arrivals as their ships sailed into the inner harbour.
Throughout the 1870’s and 1880’s, a narrow two-storied building immediately east of the old hotel housed a restaurant. It was run by Adolph Gerber, an astonishing old German coffee house proprietor who prided himself on his excellent beverages. Known as Gerber’s Luncheon Club, the place was patronised daily by a group of businessmen who considered themselves the Patricians of the Port. Many a humorous concert sketch and witty ditty was hatched here over the irresistible Gerber’s meats and Gerber’s mochas.
Undoubtedly the restaurant offered an unexpected cosmopolitan touch and a welcome change of diet to weary immigrants and seafarers after months at sea.
Drinking fountain – cnr St Vincent Street/Lipson Street
The charming drinking fountain in St Vincent Street dates from an era when municipal authorities often, with a festive flourish, installed ornate street furniture such as rotundas, arbors and garden seats “for the people’s pleasure”. However, in the case of this fountain, it was the other way round. The people of Port Adelaide insisted on its construction to honour a man they held in high esteem and they dug into their own pockets to pay for it. The inscription reads “Erected by public subscription to John Formby Esq. JP, Mayor 1870-1-2-3.”
Formby, a well established shipping agent, was known as a Progressive. He was not only Mayor of the town but also the energetic president of its Institute at a time when that important establishment was being planned and building commenced. That imposed great responsibility and no doubt enormous stress on this man who seems to have coped with it very capably. We are told he was revered in every household.
The Formby Memorial Fountain is like a little altar. It is a cast iron structure that stands on a two-tiered base consisting of a layer or Mintaro slate and one of Macclesfield marble. The tap and incised basin are sheltered by a decorative cupola supported by four slender pillars and topped by a crown-like ornament. Three sides of the canopy bear small shields depicting the original Arms of Port Adelaide and Griffins.
This graceful piece of Victoriana was originally placed at the corner of North Parade and Nelson Street, near the present Birkenhead Bridge. It was later moved to the entrance of the Port Dock Railway Station close to where horse-drawn cabs ranked. This might seem to indicate that railway passengers suffered from acute thirst but there is another explanation, one that shows the people’s tribute to John Formby was thoroughly practical as well as symbolic.
The Port was situated in a low-lying swampy place with no fresh streams nearby and obtaining clean water was a problem from the start. For some years water had to be laboriously brought in by horse and cart. It was transported by train after the railway opened in 1856, but even so, it was still a costly item, and not one to be squandered.
Even during Formby’s lifetime, living conditions for many Port Adelaide people were less than basic by today’s standards. No doubt this Mayor was instrumental in having the pipeline from Adelaide to the Port constructed in the mid 1870’s. Portonians were quick to seize this opportunity to thank the man whose zeal had benefited them so much and at the same time give themselves a very useful amenity.
These reference notes were prepared by a local amateur historian, Heather Hartshorne.
Project: Port Inhabited. | <urn:uuid:7708e705-69ad-4066-95fa-432fee4cc863> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://illuminart.com.au/blog/notes-on-lipson-st/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.977762 | 1,952 | 2.53125 | 3 |
© 2012 – Routledge
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- Apprenticeship - Advanced Level (Level 3) | <urn:uuid:ba692720-f5db-46ec-8e4e-76a2489abefb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ratemyapprenticeship.co.uk/company-profile/409/uniper | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.948143 | 579 | 1.5 | 2 |
DEFENCE: by Joseph PoprzecznyNews Weekly
Unmanned aircraft needed to patrol our seas
, April 17, 2010
The rapidly expanding offshore oil and gas fields off Western Australia’s isolated Kimberley and Pilbara regions could be effectively defended by high-flying unmanned aircraft, says Liberal defence spokesman, Senator David Johnston.
He said that acquiring such capability suited Australia’s needs because of our relatively small population and our need to control the vast land and oceanic terrain that extends from the eastern Indian Ocean to the western Pacific Ocean and much of the Great Southern Ocean.
No other country wields jurisdiction over such an extensive segment of the globe’s oceanic and land surface.
Senator Johnston says that the ideal type of unmanned aircraft for the task was Northrop Grumman Corporation’s RQ-4N Global Hawk.
The United States navy has commissioned Northrop to develop what it calls "a persistent maritime intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance data collection and dissemination capability that fulfils the maritime war fighter’s requirement for continuous battle-space awareness".
The technical term for the naval use of unmanned high-flying aircraft is Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS).
Senator Johnston says: "Northrop’s Global Hawk is ideally suited to patrolling the North-West of WA because it can survey up to 100,000 sq/km of terrain daily and fly at 65,000 feet for 42 hours without returning to base.
"It is far more cost-effective to use BAMS to safeguard oil and gas infrastructure, as well as monitoring illegal fishing and illegal boat arrivals.
"Unmanned aircraft have also been vital in bushfire management in America, and more recently they were used to assess the damage, within 24-hour real-time images, of the massive earthquake destruction in Haiti."
Isolated off-shore drilling facilities are seen as particularly vulnerable to attacks by pirates, who invariably demand big ransom payments, and by terrorists, who have increasingly dispatched suicide missions aimed at destroying infrastructure.
Senator Johnston says that the Howard Government joined Northrop’s BAMS program in 2006; but the Rudd Government decided, in late 2008, to withdraw.
Says Johnston: "It is hard to know what the Rudd Government is planning to do with the Royal Australian Air Force’s two major western bases — Curtin, near Derby, and Learmonth, on North-West Cape — since the chapter on base closures in the December 2008 Pappas Review had been virtually blacked-out."
In mid-2008, the then Rudd Government defence minister Joel Fitzgibbon commissioned George Pappas, an adviser to the Boston Consulting Group, to assess ‘‘continuing problems with cost overruns, waste and inefficiency’’ within the defence portfolio.
Australia’s collaboration in the US navy’s BAMS program ended after completion of the review.
Mr Fitzgibbon said the reason for the pull-out was unacceptable pressure on the Australian Defence Force due to the parallel replacement of its manned Lockheed Martin AP-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft.
"The Australian government has every confidence that the BAMS program will deliver a very capable uninhabited aircraft," he said.
"However, at this stage in the development of the project, it is in Australia’s best interests to not knowingly risk incurring the unmanageable workforce chaos that would result.
"Blindly pushing on with the program would have placed a huge and unnecessary strain on our personnel in trying to potentially manage three separate airframes at the one time.
"The Australian Government has taken swift action to alleviate these transitional issues by declining the option to continue on with further collaboration at this time."
However, Senator Johnston has signalled that a Liberal Government could return to the BAMS program. This would mean an initial take-up of three RQ-4N Global Hawks followed by an additional two.
The US plans operating up to 40 Global Hawks, since they are more cost-effective than surveillance satellites.
These 40 would be based at five sites, including on Hawaii and at its Indian Ocean base of Diego Garcia, thereby complementing an Australia commitment in both oceans.
And New Zealand has a Global Hawk "watching brief" for surveillance of the Southern Ocean around the nearby Pacific Islands and Antarctica.
Senator Johnston says that if Australia had five RQ-4N Global Hawks, this would equip our air force to be able to back-up Western Australia’s Fire and Emergency Services Authority (FESA) in combating bushfires and other natural catastrophes, and help with detecting the approach of tsunamis.
"FESA through their control rooms could link in to Global Hawk surveillance and have virtual instantaneous monitoring of such threats," he says.
"The Global Hawks would also be integrated with Royal Australian Navy patrols and other surveillance operations off Australian."
This month saw the 101st so-called asylum-seeker boat slipping through Australian border security to reach Christmas Island.
As soon as it reached the island its captain dialled triple zero to advise that he wished to be "intercepted".
Arrival of the 101 boats has meant 4,450 paying passengers and 230 paid crew have entered Australia’s jurisdiction.
Opposition immigration spokesman, Scott Morrison, says: "With each additional person on Christmas Island costing almost $82,000, each boat is an expensive failure.
"The budget has already blown out by $132 million, and by the end of the financial year the Coalition expects it could blow out by a further $250 million."
Equally ominous is the fact that Somalian pirates, during 2009, attacked 214 ships in the Gulf of Aden and off Somalia, and succeeded in hijacking 47 boats carrying 867 sailors.
In recent month these pirates have begun relocating their activities to waters off India.
Ship-owners invariably pay several million dollars for release of their ships and crews. Ships carrying iron ore and liquefied natural gas regularly leave Pilbara ports.
If pirates or terrorists ever succeeded in seizing WA’s off-shore oil and gas infrastructure, and threatened to destroy multi-million dollar drilling platforms, this would severely harm Australia’s export-oriented economy.
Senator Johnston argues that a five-strong squadron of Global Hawks could alert RAN patrol craft well in advance of anyone penetrating local waters. This we are incapable of doing, as the undetected Christmas Island arrivals have demonstrated.Joseph Poprzeczny is a Perth-based writer and historian. | <urn:uuid:d15e80e8-4040-4585-ba7e-4ea1ce74c979> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://newsweekly.com.au/article.php?id=4153 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00249-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947779 | 1,349 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Please Advise On How To Proceed Synonym. Find 57 ways to say proceed, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. In the united states, please advise is very common in business and legal writing, both paper and electronic.
Other ways of saying the same thing could be: Please advise me what to do, sir. If it's something else, please advise me, maury.
Table of Contents
I Have Never Heard It Spoken.
If you want alternatives for “please advise” that work in a more modern, casual workplace, try these synonyms: Please advise if this answer is suitable. 42 synonyms for please advise related to request.
Please Advise Me As To How To Get The Name Changed.;
Please advise on this matter and provide where information can be retrieved to give to these residents if this is the case. “please advise” is usually shorthand for “i’ve done my part, now you do yours.” please advise how to proceed how do you say please let me know professionally? Synonym for please advise on this matter.
Thanks For Your Help.nothing At All
Would the commission please advise me of the relevant eu legislation on enforcement of pension adjustment orders. ‘awaiting your advice on the matter, please’ Formal to inform or notify.
Kindly Is Often Used In Very Formal Business Letters.
You get the general idea. I look forward to your answer; “please advise” alternatives “please advise” is on the formal side.
Can The Commission Please Advise Me On:
Please advise.” if you want to understand, then ask a direct question that, if your reader could answer, would provide you with the understanding you need. In early use, the phrase was simply a polite ( please) request for the listener or reader to provide some information ( advise ), as in “please advise your decision” or “please advise promptly of change of address.”. “please advise of the shipping date” is not about giving advice.
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Having thus given rise to the desire for enlightenment, may every kind of spirit be reborn in a virtuous realm, where they are able to practice and awaken.
While it’s true that we care with us all that we need to practice and awaken, it’s also true that until we have firmly found our footing, support and guidance are necessary.
If we are still unsure about what we have to do, then it’s a lot harder to get there if no one around us is practicing. Or if we are just too poor. There’s nothing wrong with being poor, but as the great practitioner Tevye said, it’s no great blessing either! Too much of anything, including poverty, can overwhelm us.
So to be born in a place surrounded by the virtuous and wise, with adequate food and shelter, is no bad thing.
May every kind of suffering spirit, may every spirit with a connection to Buddhism, or any other religion, may every spirit around the world, through the virtue of their affinity with those here today, or through the virtue of their ability to be touched by our intentions, may each and every one of these spirits, immediately enter one of the heavenly realms, and there meet Amita Buddha. May they thus give rise to the desire for enlightenment.
One of the touching things about reading this, is that as soon as I do, there’s an “Ahh” moment, where something deep down in me relaxes. Something within me knows that this verse is deeply true, and is how we should be seeing the world.
Neither the living nor the dead are separate from each other, with this in mind, we raise the intention that all spirits who have a connection with those of us here today, whether from this life or past lives, whether they were our grandparents, parents, brothers or sisters, nieces, nephews, or even our children, whether present here today, or in the next town or the one beyond that, whether awakened or lost in darkness, whether currently having a body or not, whether they are able to live freely, or are caught up in ignorance, may they all gather together here, now, at this place of learning and practicing, like streams flowing to the ocean.
Where the last verse was short, this one is long, lol. But it’s just as wonderful! One of the things that’s so touching about this verse is it’s unconditional, all-embracing attitude. “May those who are doing well, as well as those who are screwing up all come together, and learn and grow.”
It’s easy to hate or look down on people who are behaving badly. Given that they are usually causing us pain or inconvenience, that’s not a surprising reaction. But to look at even them with warmth and compassion is impressive, and is a great teaching for all the rest of us.
We just finished something cool – The Thousand Hands Sutra is up on YouTube! This is chanted in Korean by Bo Won Sunim (who’s incredible!) with the English translation behind it. This is the Korean version by Daehaeng Kun Sunim, and is frankly, an incredible guide to the spiritual life and spiritual practice. Really. It’s so detailed and so deep that I want to figure out how to make a workbook or something out of it.
May every place of practice be protected, and may its energy continue without end.
In general, a “place of practice,” or 도량 in Korean, refers to a physical place, such as a building or temple. But, Daehaeng Kun Sunim has also used this to mean us. We, here in our body, are where we are practicing, and where we have to practice. This is where true cultivation happens, as we work and struggle to transcend our habits and fixed ways of perceiving and reacting.
That said, I’ve visited old temple sites in Korea that have felt alive with energy. It feels like the energy of all the people practicing there had sunk down into the ground, and was still there, vibrating.
Around eighty years ago, in a letter to Kyong Bong Sunim, the great Seon master Han Am Sunim wrote, “My only wish is that the crops always be plentiful, and to spend the months and years peacefully.” When I first read that, I just kind of passed it by, “That’s nice.” But later, it began to strike home.
If the crops are good, then everyone will likely have enough to eat. Farmers will have a bit of cash, and merchants will be buying and selling. Factories and farms will be hiring, and it won’t be too hard to at least get enough to eat. If people have enough to eat, they won’t be pushed into desperation. They won’t go down dark paths, driven by hunger and poverty. Even ordinary, dark-minded people will tend to be moderate in their behavior, because they mostly have enough to live on.
For most of us, I doubt (thankfully!) we can truly imagine the depths that true poverty and desperation push people towards. So although there are unpleasant things in the world, evil even, having enough for our basic needs nonetheless moderates those things to a huge degree. So just having plentiful harvests is a huge deal.
As they go about their daily lives, may all beings be free of accidents.
Daehaeng Kun Sunim said that people’s suffering comes from five sources: Genetics, karma, the conditioned nature of existence, microbes, and spirits of the dead. There’s a few more details and qualifications in there, but those are the five basic sources of suffering.
Sometimes though, she mentioned that something can really pop up and cause us huge problems if we don’t at that time have a firm grip on our fundamental mind. So they appear to be things that weren’t really coming towards us, but just happened because of unfortunate circumstances. So in that sense, accidents do happen. One time, years and years ago, Daehaeng Kun Sunim was boarding a plane to somewhere and had just sat down, when she suddenly called out in a loud voice, “Get a grip on yourself!”
Nowdays, everyone would completely freak out, but back then, everyone was just uncomfortable, I guess. Later she said that the pilot was just about to make a huge mistake. I don’t know what it was, but one of the reasons Korean Air flight 007 was shot down, was because the pilot had transposed a number when he entered the flightpath into the autopilot, and the plane actually entered the edge of Soviet air space.
So sometime, when it feels like things are slipping out from under us, it’s not a bad idea to shout inwardly, “True self, you’re the one that’s truly doing things, so take care of this!”Sometimes we need to practice inputting things very firmly like this.
We are all sharing this Earth together, so the sea levels should not rise. We are all living together as one body, so there should be no great earthquakes.
Change doesn’t have to be traumatic. If the ground shifts in tiny amounts, then movement can happen with no devastation. If something else balances out, then sea levels need not rise. If enough people raise these intentions and deeply input them and make a connection with the energy of our foundation, then everything will begin to lean in that direction. | <urn:uuid:c131bb16-38cd-44e7-b57d-44696177d6d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wakeupandlaugh.com/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.962778 | 1,599 | 1.53125 | 2 |
16 August 2019
Are you ready to make #plasticfreejuly become your #plasticfreeeveryday? Or perhaps you’ve been thinking about reducing your plastic waste but you’re not sure where to start?
Here’s how our Plastic Free July Competition winners are reducing plastic waste and inspiring others to do the same.
Editor’s comment: Your initiatives and actions to help the environment and its wildlife are so inspiring, Maddie. Congratulations on such great work!
Editor’s comment: Congratulations, Liz! You are doing an amazing job of not only reducing plastic waste but also educating Aussie youth on the importance of reducing waste for the health and safety of our environment and wildlife.
Editor’s comment: Way to go, Sean! Your actions to reduce plastic waste, help the environment and encourage others to do the same are making a big difference. You are part of the solution to plastic pollution!
Editor’s comment: Rachael, we love to talk about poop too. Composting poop that is ??. Let us know how you go. A fantastic initiative that will help reduce landfill waste.
Many people aren’t aware that you can compost animal waste. One of our favourite composting systems is the Compot by Direct Compost Solution. It’s easy, affordable and you don’t even need a garden to use the Compot. You’ll also get a great discount and 10% of each sale goes to help us protect and conserve wildlife. Find the Compot in our online store.
More ways to ditch the plastic and reduce waste
- Switch to reusables: Check out our great range of reusable products, including steel straws, bamboo cutlery, bamboo toothbrush, and mesh produce bags. All proceeds go to help us protect and conserve Queensland’s native wildlife. Shop reusables ➡️
- Get composting: Compost all your kitchen and animal waste with a unique, compact composting solution called the Compot. You’ll be helping to save the environment by reducing council waste AND supporting wildlife as 10% of each sale goes to WPSQ. Shop the Compot ➡️
- Host a plastic-free event: Find out how to host a plastic-free event with the Boomerang Alliance Plastic Free Council Event Guide. It’s suitable for any event and a MUST-READ for any event organisers who wish to adopt plastic-free policies. Get the Plastic Free Council Event Guide ➡️
- Cash in your containers: Make money and help your environment by collecting eligible drink containers and taking them to a Containers for Change collection point. You can also donate your refund to Wildlife Queensland projects by quoting our scheme ID number: C10002920. Find out more ➡️ | <urn:uuid:4b1bf9f6-9f9c-47fa-afad-5467de255f8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wildlife.org.au/top-tips-to-reduce-your-plastic-waste/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.911869 | 588 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Update: Watch below the Virtual Tour of OSU’s Nanotech West Cleanroom.
WestFest, Ohio State’s West Campus Science and Sustainability Festival, will offer live and asynchronous virtual events during this year’s public-engagement event highlighting STEM research, sustainability initiatives and outreach programs at the university.
The event runs Monday, Oct. 11 to Saturday, Oct. 16. This weeklong event will feature more than 20 live virtual programs for all ages, as well as a variety of fun educational videos from Ohio State and community partners.
This year, attendees will get a chance to experience and learn from a few new presenters, as well as hear from some familiar ones. Programs are free, though registration is required.
Attendees will have an opportunity to tour Nanotech West Laboratory, the largest nanotechnology user facility in the state. Nanotech West Lab director John Carlin will lead a virtual tour of the facility’s Class-100 cleanroom laboratory, as well as walk through the basics of nanofabrication.
Researchers at Nanotech West Lab explore ways to make the newest materials, chips and devices for next-generation gadgets, sensors, cell phones, batteries and more. Register for the Oct. 14 (3:30 p.m.) event here.
Learn more, see the schedule of events, register, and access asynchronous features by visiting https://u.osu.edu/stemimpact/westfest-2021-calendar. Contact firstname.lastname@example.org with questions.
Reposted with permission from https://imr.osu.edu/westfest-2021/ | <urn:uuid:7ef2e451-e709-4dda-8eaa-d8ce9af606bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nanotech.osu.edu/westfest-2021-to-feature-west-campus-materials-manufacturing-research-facilities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.909477 | 342 | 2.125 | 2 |
China not too long ago launched the core module of the space station, which can serve for 15 years, after which the cargo resupply spacecraft Tianzhou-2 was launched and built-in into the core module.
China has despatched 3 astronauts to the station with the Shenzhou-12 spacecraft for the following section of the everlasting space station development course of, which is deliberate to take 2 years.
The launch, the nation’s first manned space mission since 2016, will additional strengthen China’s hand in space and problem america.
CHINA’S LONGEST MAN’S MISSION
Astronauts Nie Haishing, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo will likely be on the orbiting space station for 3 months. This will likely be China’s longest-running manned space mission in low orbit.
The space station, which is anticipated to be accomplished in 2022, would be the solely various to the USA’s Worldwide Space Station (ISS), which has been in orbit for 20 years and will likely be discontinued in 2024.
CHINA STRENGTHENED HAND
When the Worldwide Space Station, the world’s solely space station in orbit and backed by america, Russia, Japan, Europe and Canada, is shut down, China will turn out to be the proprietor of the one lively space station in orbit.
This might probably give China nice energy in figuring out the longer term guidelines and laws of Earth orbit.
Zhou Jianping, chief architect of China’s manned space program, “On the present stage, we now have not evaluated the participation of astronauts from different states, however their future participation will likely be assured.” mentioned.
It’s going to launch 11 spacecraft, 4 of that are manned, to hold the station into space in components and assemble it. Shenzhou-12 stands out because the third of 11 required flights and the primary of 4 manned flights.
#China #increasing #dominance #space
Dikkat: Sitemiz herkese açık bir platform olduğundan, çox fazla kişi paylaşım yapmaktadır. Sitenizden izinsiz paylaşım yapılması durumunda iletişim bölümünden bildirmeniz yeterlidir. | <urn:uuid:c3b86bd9-64f3-4500-b37d-d2135d342662> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kimdeyir.com/china-is-increasing-its-dominance-in-space/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.907882 | 512 | 2.75 | 3 |
Patho Exam 2 - anemia
Card Set Information
Patho Exam 2 - anemia
boston college CRNA program
for the first part of the hematologic system...
What is the process of making RBCs called?
Where does erythropoiesis occur?
in the bone marrow
How long does it take for the stem cell to become a reticulocyte?
How long does it take for a reticulocyte to become a mature ERYTHROCYTE?
What percentage of circulating RBCs are reticulocytes?
What hormone does the kidney release that is critical in RBC formation?
How long does an RBC live?
What is the daily percentage of RBC destruction?
What is the daily percentage rate of RBC production?
What is one disease that causes the life span of an RBC to be shorter?
Where does RBC destruction occur?
in the spleen
When RBCs are destroyed, is the iron destroyed?
It can be recycled by the bone marrow or stored in the spleen and liver.
Are the amino acids from hemoglobin destruction destroyed?
No, they are recycled too
What happens to the heme when hemoglobin is destroyed?
It is converted to FREE BILIRUBIN
Why is free bilirubin called UNCONJUGATED?
because it is insoluble in the plasma
If there is too much free/unconjugated bilirubin, what can occur?
Where does bilirubin get conjugated?
If you secrete too much bilirubin what can happen?
What percentage of blood is plasma?
What percentage of blood is erythrocytes?
45% (aka rbc, aka hematocrit)
What percentage of blood is leukocytes & platelets?
Is anemia a disease?
No, it is a symptom
What stimulates erythropoietin secretion?
What size and color RBCs will an acute hemorrhage have?
normocytic, normochromic (it takes 48-72 hours for the reticulocyte count to start to increase)
How long for RBC to return to normal after an acute hemorrhage if iron stores are available?
What size and color are RBCs in a chronic hemorrhage?
microcytic, hypochromic (iron isn't absorbed as fast as it is lost; less iron means hgb has less carrying capacity (low color) and smaller size (less ability for gas exchange)).
Is the blood volume affected in chronic hemorrhage?
No. The volume is the same, though there is iron deficiency.
What is the main cause of iron deficiency anemia?
chronic blood loss
What size/color does hemolytic anemia present?
normocytic and normochromic (the RBC itself is not altered, there is just an increased destruction or a shorter lifespan)
What is hemoglobinemia?
Excess hemoglobin in the plasma (it's supposed to be in the RBC, but it has separated from the RBC and is now in the plasma)
What is hemoglobinuria? What causes it?
Hemoglobin in the urine. Caused by hemoglobinemia; hgb from plasma goes through the kidneys to be excreted in the urine.
If jaundiced too long what can happen?
gall stones, pulmonary HTN
Is jaundice a S&S of hemolytic anemia?
It can be, if the heme destruction exceed's the liver's capacity to conjugate the bilirubin.
Why do skeletal abnormalities occur in chronic hemolytic anemia?
Increased destruction of RBCs leads to increased production (which happens in the bone marrow). The expansion of bone marrow leads to the skeletal abnormalities.
What kind of genetic transmission is hereditary spherocytosis?
What vitamin deficiencies can lead to decreased reticulocytes?
b12, folic acid
A patient with a hgb level of 9 will be symptomatic.
Usually, asymptomatic until hgb <8.
What does it mean to have an intrinsic cause of hemolytic anemia? Name 2 examples.
the cause is hereditary; hereditary spherocytosis, hemoglobinopathies (thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, 6-GPD deficiency)
What is an extrinsic cause of hemolytic anemia? Name 2 examples.
One that is immune-mediated, or caused by certain meds
Examples of anemias with extrinsic causes:
hemolytic blood transfusion reaction, immunohemolytic anemia (autoimmune)
What is another name for Vit B12?
What size and color are RBCs from if Vit B12 deficiency?
B12 is essential for DNA synthesis and nuclear maturation or normal RBC. Without it, you get large ineffective cells.
Where is Vit B12 found?
all foods of animal origin
Is Vit B12 deficiency always a result of a dietary deficiency?
No, it can be caused by lack of intrinsic factor from parietal cells of stomach, which is called pernicious anemia). Intrinsic factor is a protein.
What size/color are the RBCs in iron deficiency?
What size/color RBCs for folic acid deficiency?
What is another name for VitB12/folic acid anemia?
What can perpetuate iron deficiency anemia in infants?
maternal deficiency, diet of only cow's milk
How does renal failure lead to anemia?
deficient erythropoietin (hormone from kidneys that stimulates RBC production)
Does decreased hct always indicate an anemia?
No, it can indicate hemodilution
True or false: Anemia leads to decreased plasma volume
False. The fluid shifts to the intravascular space to compensate, plasma volume expands.
What type of genetic transmission is responsible for sickle cell anemia (SCA)?
autosomal recessive (has to be received from father and mother to clinically manifest)
In sickle cell disease there is a point mutation of A for T which results in the abnormal substitution of amino acid _________ for _________
glutamic acid (normal) is replaced by valine (sickle)
how long does a sickle cell live?
10-20 days (normal RBCs live 90-120 days)
The most two important interventions for sickle cell disease:
True or false: Sickle cell carries are usually symptomatic.
False, they are usually asymptomatic. Hypoxic or hypovolemic conditions can cause sickling. Hydration and oxygenation are important!!
In sickle-cell trait, what % of hgb is hgbS?
In sickle cell disease, what % of hgb is HgbS?
Can sickled cells return to normal shape?
Yes, with re-oxygenation, they can return to normal. However, after repeated episodes, they can permanently sickle.
What is the leading cause of death in sickle cell anemia?
Acute Chest Syndrome (atypical pneumonia)
What type of genetic transmission is thalassemia, and what is thalassemia?
autosomal recessive, condition where too few hgb are synthesized
Can you be heterozygous for both sickle cell and thalessemia?
Yes, and it can produce an atypical presentation
Which genetic transmission of sickle cell disease is protective against malaria?
heterozygous (homozygotes are uniquely vulnerable and should get prophylactic anti-malarial treatment)
What is one of the first symptoms of SCA?
Dactylitis (edema of hands and feet)
What does hydroxyurea do?
increases HgbF (instead of HgbS) for sickle cell disease
What medication is prophylactic treatment for SCD?
pcn daily from birth until 5 years old to prevent infection, 1mg folic acid daily for life
Hemochromocytosis leads to iron ________.
The most common mutation for hemochromatosis is:
autosomal recessive (HFE gene on chromosome 6)
This is what iron forms in the plasma.
This is what iron is stored as in the liver
Serum ferritin levels provide an index of body iron and storage.
Important lab tests to get if HH is suspected...
transferrin saturation, total iron binding capacity, serum ferritin
If a person with hemochromatosis has severe anemia (hgb <10, hct <30), how do you remove the iron?
Desferal (iron chelator) | <urn:uuid:2d8872b0-2a4d-4557-800a-f7d7b54e5a7f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.freezingblue.com/flashcards/print_preview.cgi?cardsetID=209662 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00147-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.876242 | 1,870 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Your teeth, gums, and overall oral health are responsible for giving you a winning smile. And, a good smile boosts self-confidence, making you feel good about yourself. This is why cosmetic dentistry is a huge help to people who are conscious about their crooked, stained, or missing teeth.
Cosmetic dentistry involves different procedures aimed at enhancing the appearance of your mouth and teeth. Your cosmetic dentist in Greenville, SC can assess your oral situation to determine the best solution for you. Among such procedures are the following:
This procedure is often performed to correct uneven or slightly overcrowded teeth. It shapes and contours the enamel to improve its shape. It’s painless and can be done quickly with immediate results. To further enhance the results, you can combine it with veneers, whitening, or bonding.
If you suffer a weak or damaged tooth, you can encase it with a crown. A tooth-shaped cap, a crown is placed over the existing tooth, which should be filed down, to improve its strength, shape, size, and look. A crown consists of various materials, including metal, porcelain, ceramic, or resin. You can take advantage of crowns for 5 to 15 years, as long as you care for them properly.
Veneers are similar to crowns, but are considered a more conservative approach. This procedure is performed by bonding wafer-thin shells to the front of the teeth. Veneers, which can be made of porcelain or resin, have the ability to enhance a tooth’s size, shape, color, and length.
For budget-conscious individuals, dental bonding can improve a smile more economically by using a special light to apply and harden a tooth-colored resin, which is then bonded to the existing tooth. It is especially useful for chipped or cracked teeth, as well as gaps.
Braces are attached to teeth to correct their alignment and straighten crooked teeth. Braces work gradually by applying steady pressure over time and training the teeth to ultimately align. It takes time for the tooth socket to change shape and the crooked teeth to align.
These are only some of the procedures that your dentist in Greenville, SC can recommend to repair your teeth and return your smile. Ask your dentist to examine your oral health and determine a treatment tailored to your needs.
Five Types Of Cosmetic Dentistry Procedures, colgate.com
Cosmetic Dentistry: Before and After, webmd.com | <urn:uuid:dc50b16f-f194-4f16-bd25-35236f936f5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fallsparkdentistry.com/5-types-procedures-cosmetic-dentist-can-improve-smile/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.947453 | 538 | 2 | 2 |
How To Take Care Of Your Diamond Jewelry
Every woman has or at least wishes to own her special little sparkle to be it a pair of humble diamond studs or beloved engagement ring.
Therefore, it is important to know how to maintain your diamond jewellery in a best form in order to pass it on to future generations.
It is no secret that diamonds are considered to be one of the hardest natural substances known to man but what many do not know is that they are also susceptible to damage. Once they are in jewellery settings, diamonds are at risk from chipping, cracking, or scratching so it is important to take the utmost care when cleaning or wearing your pieces.
Here are some tips for keeping your diamonds sparkling for a lifetime!
Handling and Care
1. You should have your diamond jewellery checked by a professional jeweller at least once a year. The prongs and mountings should be checked to make sure the diamond is still held tightly in place. This is an important precaution to take in order make sure that your diamond is not at risk from falling out of the setting.
2. You may want to remove your diamond jewelry when participating in physical exercise, as it is possible to scratch a diamond.
3. The color of your diamond and it's setting can be affected by household cleaners. To preserve the color make sure you remove your ring before using any chemical products.
4. Because diamonds are susceptible to scratching, it is best to store your diamond jewelry in its own place. This will not only prevent it from being damaged, but also from damaging other pieces of jewelry.
1. It is recommended that you should have your diamond jewelry professionally cleaned once or twice a year, depending on how dirty it gets. Full professional cleaning, including re-polishing, is not recommended to be done on a frequent basis. However, ultra-sonic cleaning is fine once or twice a year.
Most credible jewelers will have this service available.
2. If your diamond becomes dirty from everyday wear and exposure to the elements you can clean it using a mild liquid detergent. Soak the diamond in warm water with the household cleaning solution (e.g. fairy liquid) and gently rub with a soft bristled toothbrush.
3. Make sure to use a lint-free cloth when you dry off your diamond jewelry.
4. If you find that after cleaning there are still bits of grime stuck between the diamond and the setting you can flush them away with a dental Waterpik. A wooden toothpick may be used to push dirt away, but you must make sure you are extremely careful so that you do not damage the diamond or loosen the setting.
This article was a guestpost by Lina of 77diamonds.com.
Pictures of Diamonds Rings Courtesy of 77 Diamonds
Go back to How To Be Classy. | <urn:uuid:66412371-328c-4f25-926e-8dd59aa1e4af> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.elegantwoman.org/take-care-diamond.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00458-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944277 | 592 | 1.75 | 2 |
Math 385/685 Summer 2014 (Numerical Analysis)
Homework 1 solutions.
Newton's Method vs. Bisection Method code.
Newton's Method vs. Secant Method code.
Homework 1 code
Eigenvalue homework problem.
A web-scraped comparison of Mathematica and other languages, written in Mathematica.
Minima finding notes: gradient descent & Newton's method.
Minima finding visuals page (3D components require Wolfram CDF Player).
Minima finding code. 3D code.
Programming exam. 385 is the first two pages, 685 the second two.
Programming exam grades correlation matrix and histograms: 385 and 685.
Runge's phenomenon (the local control problem).
Midterm exam. 385 is the first two pages, 685 the second two.
Midterm exam grades correlation matrix and histogram: 385 and 685.
In-class examples: Vandermonde interpolation, Lagrange interpolation, cellular membrane diffusion.
A demonstration of the 1-D Heat equation solution.
Forward and backwards Euler method conditioning properties.
A comparison of different 1st order ODE approximations.
Final exam. 385 is the first two pages, 685 the second two. | <urn:uuid:e5253995-b74e-45c4-b924-b711b9c7b3ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://larryfenn.com/classes/3685sum2014/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.75585 | 273 | 2.28125 | 2 |
January 1, 2020 is the start of a new decade and the beginning of a new corporate tax rate for many Missouri businesses. For all tax years starting on or after the first of the year, corporations will see a reduction in their tax rates from 6.25% to 4.0%.
In 2018, the General Assembly passed Senate Bill 884, sponsored by Senator Andrew Koenig, which contained numerous changes to Missouri tax laws. The reduction in the corporate rate was delayed until 2020, in part to give businesses an opportunity to better plan for the change.
With a reduction in the corporate tax rate to 4.0%, Missouri continues to have one of the most competitive corporate tax climates in the country. Of the states that impose a corporate tax, Missouri will have one of the lowest rates, trailing North Carolina, which has set its corporate rate at 2.50%.
Corporate tax rates vary across the country. Among Missouri’s border states, Iowa has the highest corporate rate, with a top rate of 12%, which is also currently the highest in the country. Illinois and Kansas, bordering Missouri’s two major metro areas also have higher rates. Illinois effectively taxes businesses at 9.5%, while Kansas has a flat rate of 4.0%, with an additional 3.0% surtax on income over $50,000.
The state’s corporate tax rate is of course just one factor affecting a business’s ability to be profitable and successful in Missouri. In the Missouri Chamber’s Missouri 2030 strategic initiative, which included a survey of CEO’s from across the state, consistency in tax policy and administration was viewed as being just as important as tax rates. Other taxes and regulations, access to a trained workforce, and reliable transportation infrastructure all impact businesses every single day.
In the Missouri Chamber’s soon-to-be-released report on the state’s transportation infrastructure, we will highlight steps that can be taken by policymakers to maximize Missouri’s central location as a leading logistics hub.
Missouri’s policymakers have addressed important issues facing businesses over the last several legislative sessions and the state’s new corporate tax rate goes into effect as a new decade is beginning.
The Missouri Chamber established Missouri 2030 to provide a unified vision for the business community to make long-term plans to realize positive change for years to come. We must continue to improve our business climate — building on positive momentum while acknowledging that the competition for jobs, growth, and prosperity is far from over. | <urn:uuid:de7c4501-d4f3-42a4-91c3-dcd822b86d5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mochamber.com/news-archive/new-year-brings-reduced-corporate-tax-rate-in-missouri/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.965058 | 516 | 1.585938 | 2 |
NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nanotronics today announced the formation of Nanotronics Health, LLC, a healthcare technology company whose mission is to create urgently needed medical devices that are accessible, affordable, easy to use, and intelligently designed.
Led by President Julie Orlando, Nanotronics Health will be powered by Nanotronics who will design, build and manufacture medical devices quickly and at scale by applying their proprietary Intelligent Factory Control (IFC). Devices will be manufactured in the Brooklyn Navy Yard.
“The COVID-19 pandemic has set us back in dangerous ways, exposing deep inequalities in advanced economies and a lack of imagination in science and invention,” said Nanotronics CEO, Matthew Putman. “We’ve launched Nanotronics Health not only to make an impact, but to serve as an example for how other manufactures can invent, design and produce with urgency.”
In 90 days, Nanotronics Health, LLC’s first product, nHale™, was concepted, designed, built, and received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) to assist patients suffering from COVID-19 disease in traditional healthcare facilities and spaces converted for the care of large numbers of COVID-19 patients. It is a non-invasive approach designed to be used in non-life-threatening situations, where a patient is in need of breathing assistance but is not in need of invasive ventilatory support, based on standard medical protocols.
“nHale™ is a COVID-19 response with a long-lasting mission: to make simple, well-designed products that are both comfortable and easy to use, accessible to patients in hospitals and eventually at home,” said Nanotronics Health President, Julie Orlando. “We will continue in our mission to fulfill the greatest needs in the medical device space by streamlining supply chains and powering manufacturing through AI. This will allow us to go from invention to mass production quickly, cost effectively, and with high quality, technologically advanced products.”
Nanotronics Health is seeking additional investment for rapid scaling in COVID-19 hotspots with surging cases.
About Nanotronics Health, LLC
Nanotronics Health is a subsidiary of and powered by Nanotronics. The company uses Intelligent Factory Control (IFC) to build and scale medical devices that are affordable, accessible and intelligently designed. Our first product, nHale™, a non-invasive ventilator, was concepted, built, and received EUA FDA approval within 90 days to assist patients suffering from COVID-19 disease in traditional healthcare facilities.
Nanotronics is a science technology company that has redefined factory control through the invention of a platform that combines AI, automation and sophisticated imaging to assist human ingenuity in detecting flaws and anomalies in manufacturing, an industry that has been stagnant since the 1950s. Deployed across eight countries and industry agnostic, Nanotronics works with leading-edge companies—from aerospace, to electronics, to healthcare—to drive up yield, reduce footprint and waste, lower costs and speed up design iteration. For more information, visit www.nanotronics.co and follow @nanotronics. | <urn:uuid:fc88e902-10ff-4194-8117-6f0e9e453a1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200806005703/en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.939778 | 683 | 1.695313 | 2 |
The passage Senate Bill 1 (SB1) is expected to raise $5.2 billion annually, with $54 billion over the next decade going toward roads, freeways and bridges in communities across California. Funding for these projects comes via a tax on gasoline and diesel fuel.
This investment in infrastructure creates a huge demand for construction workers and apprentices in The Golden State. A 2011 formula devised by the White House Council of Economic Advisers estimates about 13,000 jobs are created for every $1 billion invested. Many of these positions are middle-class employment, an area where California has struggled to grow.
Carpenters, cement masons, laborers, operating engineers and ironworkers are in high demand. Yet, a survey from the Associated General Contractors of America found 70 percent of construction firms are struggling to find quality workers.
“Never before has there been ‘so much’ infrastructure project development on the books.” – John Hakel
In California, construction companies that get public works contracts are required to pay a “prevailing wage.” Its purpose is to be sure employees are paid a fair salary. It is determined when the government does a survey of union and nonunion construction employers to figure the going rate for the different trades.
This type of wage has made infrastructure work a solid middle-class career track that is very attractive to people who aren’t seeking four-year degrees. It is possible to have more than just a job, but a career in the trades with substantial pay and good job security.
Recent reports show some general laborers and road workers can make $58,000 to $70,000 per year; heavy equipment operation supervisors pull in as much as $98,228 to $119,392 annually.
Across Southern California, more young people are learning about the better wages in construction. This is important because companies are looking for young blood. The passage of this bill means 10 years of projects and job security. Under California law, apprentices must comprise 20 percent of the workforce on public works projects to ensure a steady supply of skilled construction workers.
“The Labor Unions saw this coming and have enhanced their apprenticeship programs to meet the need.” – John Hakel | <urn:uuid:cdaa1eb0-3dbe-411d-84b7-447a73fb055d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rebuildsocal.org/middle-class-employment-construction-work-california/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.955441 | 458 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Many people think of sex as a source of pleasure and satisfaction of their basic needs. They do not even mean that sex is inextricably linked to human health. This is expressed in such terms as “sexy health.” Sexual health is enough broad concept, which means respect for his foreign and sexuality, ability to receive pleasure from sexual intercourse and knowledge of their rights in sexy otnosheniy. Seksualnoe health is laid in early childhood, the first child voprostsa “What is sex? “” Why, I kid, but Dasha – a girl? “” How clutching children? “. At this time, the ancestors must be especially polite and answer all voprostsy baby. It is important to give a positive example, what would the baby formed a positive experience on the relationship between men and women. To the measure of how children grow, parents need to provide them with information about sexually transmitted diseases and the method of how to protect yourself and your own partner from unwanted beremennosti. Seks in the life of men and ladies to occupy a dominant position in terms of their immediate gratification of desires and needs. Already have long shown that people who regularly come into any sexual contact, are long lived. Sex and appropriately affects the health of the heart and blood vessels, improves location, reduces weight, reduces the risk of colds, improves the position of the bladder. In addition to this, the men who have 2-3 times a week sex, improves prostate kandaly. Takim way sex has unique curative and healing characteristics for all ages and genders. | <urn:uuid:946cb6d4-67c2-4028-b778-953ca33dc986> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mrparts.ru/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00422-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962821 | 336 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Benefits of Using Technology for Education, technology is referred to as something that is able to provide convenience in various aspects. In terms of education, technology also has a considerable influence. These two things are increasingly inseparable because of their interrelated roles.
Some of the benefits of using technology in education have been felt not only by students, but also by educators. Here are some Benefits of Using Technology for Education :
Improving Using Technology for Education
Education is an aspect that is believed to open up opportunities to improve the quality of life. However, education that does not run optimally will also not have a good impact. Well, the existence of technology can be one way to improve the quality of education. Especially the quality of education in the country.
Technology can be used as a tool to facilitate the teaching process by educators. In addition, students can also use it to explore more knowledge. If the teachers and educators are able to use this technology well, the quality of education in Indonesia will also improve.
Learning support media
In teaching and learning activities, it is not uncommon for students to feel bored with the subject matter delivered monotonously. With technology, educators are now able to create alternative ways of teaching that are more interactive. For example, by showing the subject matter through more lively presentation slides or by videos that invite students to focus more on learning.
By applying learning innovations that are more lively than the presence of technology, it will be possible for learning in the classroom to be more enjoyable. Students will also be more enthusiastic to receive the subject matter.
Means of getting information
The benefits that can be obtained from other technologies are the ease of obtaining information. Often when doing assignments or getting material that is difficult to learn, students will tend to look for it through the given textbook. However, now there is also another alternative, namely through search engines thanks to advances in technology.
This facility is often used by almost all students and students. In fact, many educators use technology to find more information about a subject that will be delivered.
Usually, to get accurate information about a material, educators and students will refer to a website that has been trusted with a high level of accuracy. One of them is through online education portals such as addedpinter.com which provides a myriad of information, both for school students, university students, and the general public.
Learning media without limitations
When in a condition full of limitations to get an education, technology is present as one of the saviors. For example, when the Covid-19 pandemic occurred at the beginning of the year, teaching and learning activities at schools had to be stopped for some time to avoid the spread of the corona virus.
In these conditions, technology has succeeded in becoming a medium that allows students and teachers to carry out the teaching and learning process without meeting face to face. Teachers and students can carry out the teaching and learning process via video conferencing , sending assignments and materials via group chats to email.
Indirectly, Covid-19 has made educators and students rely on technology 100 percent in the teaching and learning process. At first, it might take some getting used to because the online learning process is something new in the world of education. But, if viewed from the other side, technology has become a helper of learning media without any limitation of conditions.
So, those are the benefits that can be taken from the existence of technology in the world of education. There are so many benefits that can be obtained if technology is used properly and will certainly further improve the quality of education for the Indonesian people. | <urn:uuid:cc26165e-236d-4f1e-b4b3-046b275922c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://espaciodelconocimiento.org/benefits-of-using-technology-for-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.968468 | 732 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Instituto Politécnico Nacional
|Instituto Politécnico Nacional|
|Motto||La Técnica al Servicio de la Patria|
Motto in English
|Technology to meet the needs of the Nation|
|Established||1 January 1936|
|Dean||Jesús Ávila Galinzoga|
|Director||Enrique Fernández Fassnacht|
|63,891 (High school)|
|Location||Mexico City, Mexico
|Campus||Several across Mexico, mostly urban|
|Colors||Maroon and white|
|Athletics||Burros Blancos (White Donkeys)
Águilas Blancas (White Eagles)
ONEFA Central Conference
|Sports||27 varsity teams|
|Affiliations||AMECYD, ANUIES, AUIP, CLARA, COMEPO, CUDI, ECOES, OUI, UDUAL, Universia|
|Staff, students and organization data is for 2013. High school students account for the difference between its total number of students and the sum of undergraduate and postgraduate students.|
The Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Spanish for National Polytechnic Institute) (IPN) is one of the largest public universities in Mexico with 171,581 students at the high school, undergraduate and postgraduate levels. It was founded on 1 January 1936 during the administration of President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río as a response to provide professional education to the most disadvantaged social classes in that period, a practice that is maintained because it is one of the few vocational schools in the world.
The institute consists of 98 academic units offering 293 courses of study. It includes 78 technical careers, 80 undergraduate and 135 postgraduate programs. Its main campus, called 'Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos' or 'Zacatenco', is on approximately 530 acres (2.1 km2) north Mexico City.
The institute was founded on January 1, 1936 during the administration of President Lázaro Cárdenas in what had been previously known as the Ex hacienda Santo Tomás — a large estate initially owned by Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés in the 16th century and donated by the federal government.
During the administration of former director Alejo Peralta sufficient lands were given to IPN. Expropriated lands of Santa Maria Ticomán (213 ha) and San Pedro Zacatenco (43 ha) were used.
The construction of what is now the Professional Unit "Adolfo López Mateos" (Zacatenco) began in 1958. In 1959, former President Adolfo López Mateos, the former minister of education Jaime Torres Bodet, and former director of IPN Eugenio Mendez Docurro, inaugurated the first four buildings of Zacatenco, which were occupied by the Superior School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (ESIME) and the Superior School of Engineering and Architecture (ESIA).
The institute is organized around 98 academic units including 18 vocational high schools (operates as CECyT), 26 university colleges, 20 scientific and technical research centers, 17 continuing education centers, 4 units for educational support, 3 support units for education innovation, 8 support units for research, development and technological and enterprise foment, and 2 units affiliated to science, enterprise research and development.
Some units (particularly the semi-autonomous, internationally renowned CINVESTAV) enjoy a high degree of academic and budgetary freedom. The institute as a whole is headed by a director-general appointed by the President of Mexico, usually (but not always) after some consultation with members of its academic community. Since November 2014, its director-general is Enrique Fernández Fassnacht.
In addition to its academic endeavors, and as part of its cultural promotion strategy, the institute operates 'Canal Once', the oldest public broadcast service in Latin America featuring original cultural, scientific, information and entertainment programming, foreign shows and classic, rare, and non-commercial films from all over the world.
The Institute offers 80 undergraduate programs leading to four- or five-year bachelor's degrees and 135 postgraduate programs leading to 29 postgraduate diplomas, 70 master's degrees and 36 doctorate degrees.
Like most public universities in Mexico, in addition to its undergraduate and graduate schools the institute sponsors several vocational high schools called 'Centros de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos' (C.E.C. y T.), most of which are in Greater Mexico City. Upon completion, they lead to a technician degree. For this level of study, the institute offers 78 technical careers.
IPN fields 27 varsity teams in sports or activities such as archery, American football, athletics, baseball, basketball, body building, bowling, boxing, chess, cycling, frontenis, gymnastics, handball, indoor soccer, judo, karate, kendo, mountaineering, rowing, soccer, swimming, taekwondo, tennis, touch football, volleyball, weightlifting and wrestling.
The university maintains a fierce rivalry with all the athletic teams from the National Autonomous University of Mexico but have a particularly bitter competition with its football program, the "Pumas Dorados" (Golden Pumas).
Scientists and technologists
- Guillermo González Camarena: television pioneer; inventor of an early color television transmission system.
- Jerzy Rzedowski: plant scientist; pioneer of Neotropical floristics.
- Esther Orozco: biology researcher, winner of the 1997 UNESCO/Institut Pasteur Medal and the 2006 L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science for her work on amoebiasis.
- Evangelina Villegas: biochemist laureated with the 2000 World Food Prize and whose work with maize led to the development of Quality Protein Maize (QPM).
- Pablo Rudomín: neuroscientist laureated with the Prince of Asturias Award (1987).
- Gilberto Calvillo Vives: president of the United Nations' Statistics Commission.
- Alberto Pérez Gómez: architectural historian and winner of the 1984 Alice Davis Hitchcock Award.
- Ruth Rivera Marin: architect, the first woman to study architecture at the College of Engineering and Architecture
- Constantino Reyes-Valerio: chemist and art historian, discovered the recipe to create Maya blue and coined the term Arte Indocristiano
- Raúl Rojas: professor of Computer Science and Mathematics and a renowned specialist in artificial neural networks.
- Ernesto Zedillo: former President of Mexico (1994-2000).
- Josefina Vázquez Mota: former Secretary of Education (Mexico).
- Reyes Tamez: Secretary of Education during the Fox administration.
- Victor Bravo Ahuja: Secretary of Education during the Echeverría admninistration.
- Eugenio Méndez Docurro: Secretary of Communications and Transportation during the Echeverría administration
- Héctor Mayagoitia Domínguez: former Governor of Durango (1974-1979).
- Miguel Borge Martín: former Governor of Quintana Roo (1987-1993).
- Roberto Kobeh González: ICAO Council President (2006-2014)
- Alexander Balankin: scientist, winner of the 2005 UNESCO Science Prize for his works on fractal mechanics.
- Heberto Castillo: inventor of tridilosa and founder of several political parties.
- Juan O'Gorman: architect and painter.
- Arturo Rosenblueth: physician, physiologist, and noted researcher.
- National Polytechnic Institute College of Engineering and Physical-Mathematic Sciences
- National Polytechnic Institute College of Biomedical Sciences
- National Polytechnic Institute College of Social and Administrative Sciences
- National Polytechnic Institute College of Interdisciplinary Studies
- National Polytechnic Institute. "Lema" (in Spanish). Retrieved October 6, 2009.
- National Polytechnic Institute. "About Us". Retrieved January 5, 2014.
- National Polytechnic Institute. "Compendio histórico 1930-1939" (in Spanish). Retrieved October 6, 2009.
- National Polytechnic Institute. "Directorio de Servidores Públicos de Mando y Dirección" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved December 16, 2014.
- Quadratin México. "Designan a Enrique Fernández Fassnacht director del IPN" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 16, 2014.
- National Polytechnic Institute. "Informe Anuel de Actividades dos mil trece" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved December 16, 2014.
- Universia Mexico (March 20, 2009). "Conmemora IPN 50 aniversario de la unidad "Adolfo López Mateos"" (in Spanish). Retrieved October 6, 2009.
- Vanguardia. "Se divide la ONEFA; Nacen la Conferencia del Centro y la Conferencia de los Seis Grandes" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- esmas.com. "Se divide la ONEFA, con la creación de la Conferencia del Centro" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- National Polytechnic Institute. "Disciplinas" (in Spanish). Retrieved April 22, 2010.
- National Polytechnic Institute. "Mascota" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on April 12, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2009.
- Asociación Mexicana de Educación Continua y a Distancia A.C. (AMECYD). "Instituciones Afiliadas" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- Asociación Nacional de Universidades e Instituciones de Eduación Superior (ANUIES). "Instituciones Afiliadas, Distrito Federal" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado (AUIP). "Asociadas a la AUIP" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- Cooperación Latinoamericana de Redes Avanzadas (CLARA). "Miembros México" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- Consejo Mexicano de Estudios de Posgrado A.C. (COMEPO). "COMEPO - Miembros Afiliados" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- Corporación Universitaria para el Desarrollo de Internet A.C. (CUDI). "Membresía CUDI. Universidades, Centros e Instituciones de Investigación" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- Espacio Común de Educación Superior (ECOES). "Instituciones Participantes" (in Spanish). Retrieved March 14, 2010.
- Organización Universitaria Interamericana (OUI). "Miembros" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- Unión de Universidades de América Latina (UDUAL). "Directorio de Instituciones Afiliadas a la UDUAL" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- Universia Mexico. "Instituto Politécnico Nacional" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- National Polytechnic Institute. "Antecedentes del Centro Histórico y Cultural "Juan de Dios Bátiz"" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2009.
- National Polytechnic Institute. "Historia" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 23, 2007. Retrieved November 25, 2007.
- La Jornada. "Villa Rivera: nombrar director del IPN, facultad sólo del Presidente" (in Spanish). Retrieved November 25, 2007.
- Canal Once. "Acerca de Canal Once" (in Spanish). Retrieved December 21, 2147. Check date values in:
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Instituto Politécnico Nacional.|
- (Spanish) Official website | <urn:uuid:15bf4ac9-4ffd-4363-ace3-3a88e8222826> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_Polit%C3%A9cnico_Nacional | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00062-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.810355 | 2,678 | 1.734375 | 2 |
CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION AND SPECIALIZATION
In the modern legal environment, the law continues to grow more complex and it changes with increasing frequency. Continuing education is no longer a luxury, but is a necessity for all lawyers. Mindful of the improvements in the administration of justice that have resulted from our judicial continuing legal education and mandatory continuing legal education requirements, we believe that all judges and lawyers must meet certain minimum continuing legal education requirements if they are to maintain their competency. We have provided for the continuing legal education of elected and selected other judges in Rule 504. It is our intention that all members of the Bar and those judges (other than federal judges) who are not required to satisfy the requirements of Rule 504 shall fulfill the mandatory continuing legal education requirements specified in this Rule.
(a) Continuing Legal Education Requirements.
(1) Annual Report of Compliance; Fees; Waiver and Suspension. The reporting year under this rule shall run from March 1 through the last day in February. Reports of compliance for the reporting year shall be due not later than March 1, and shall be submitted to the Commission on Continuing Legal Education and Specialization (Commission) on a form prepared by the Commission along with a filing fee specified in the regulations of the Commission. The Commission may specify a penalty that must be paid if a person fails to timely file a report establishing compliance and/or pay the annual filing fee. For good cause shown, the Commission may, in individual cases involving extraordinary hardship or extenuating circumstances, waive or modify the requirements of this rule. When appropriate, and as a condition for any waiver or modification, the Commission may proportionally increase continuing legal education (CLE) requirements for the succeeding reporting year. A person who fails to comply with the CLE requirements of this rule will be suspended as provided by Rule 419, SCACR.
(2) Continuing Legal Education Requirements for Members of the South Carolina Bar. Except as provided below, all members of the South Carolina Bar shall be required to attend at least fourteen (14) hours of approved CLE courses each reporting year. At least two (2) of the fourteen (14) hours required annually shall be devoted to legal ethics/professional responsibility (LEPR). At least once every three (3) reporting years, the member must complete one (1) hour of LEPR devoted exclusively to instruction in substance abuse, mental health issues or stress management and the legal profession. The following members of the South Carolina Bar shall be exempt from these requirements:
(A) specialists certified pursuant to this Rule who satisfy the CLE requirements of their specialty; provided, however, that at least two (2) hours of the CLE credits completed by certified specialists shall be devoted to LEPR. At least once every three (3) reporting years, the member must complete one (1) hour of LEPR devoted exclusively to instruction in substance abuse, mental health issues or stress management and the legal profession.
(B) members who are at least sixty (60) years old and have been admitted to practice law for thirty (30) or more years, and who apply to the Commission for this exemption. Further, any exemptions granted prior to June 23, 1994, shall remain in effect. Provided, however, that if a member who receives an exemption or is entitled to an exemption under this provision is suspended for a definite period of more than six (6) months under Rule 413, SCACR, this exemption shall not apply or be granted during the suspension period;
(C) inactive members, military members, and retired members.
(D) judicial members who are subject to the CLE requirements of Rule 504, SCACR.
(E) members who are federal judges or federal administrative law judges.
(F) limited members licensed under Rule 415, SCACR (Limited Certificate of Admission for Retired and Inactive Attorney Pro Bono Participation Program).
(3) Continuing Legal Education Requirements for the First Reporting Year after Admission. Newly admitted members are exempt from CLE requirements during the reporting year in which they are admitted to the South Carolina Bar. The first required reporting year for newly admitted members begins on March 1 after the date of admission. Before the end of the first required reporting year, newly admitted members admitted pursuant to Rule 402, SCACR, unless exempt as set forth below, must complete an Essentials Series course administered by the South Carolina Bar, in addition to satisfying the CLE requirements in (a)(2) above. Hours earned by attendance at an Essentials Series course will be applied to the member's first required reporting year. Members who live and practice outside of South Carolina may take an Essentials Series course online. The following newly admitted members shall be exempt from completing an Essentials Series course:
(A) members called to active military duty and who elect to become Military Members under 410(h)(1)(E), SCACR;
(B) inactive members who remain inactive through the end of the first required reporting year;
(C) members who have been admitted to practice law in another jurisdiction for at least two (2) years prior to admission in South Carolina;
(D) members who took the South Carolina Bar's Bridge the Gap Program prior to March 2013.
(4) Continuing Legal Education Requirements for Foreign Legal Consultants. As required by Rule 424, SCACR, all foreign legal consultants shall attend at least two (2) hours of approved CLE courses devoted to LEPR each reporting year.
(b) Commission on Continuing Legal Education and Specialization.
(1) Membership and Terms of Office. The Commission on Continuing Legal Education and Specialization shall consist of twelve (12) members. The Supreme Court shall appoint to the Commission: one (1) member of the Supreme Court or Court of Appeals; one (1) circuit court judge; one (1) family court judge; two (2) attorneys from each of the four (4) judicial regions established by order of the Chief Justice dated January 9, 1992; and one (1) additional attorney from Region II. Of the members first appointed to the Commission, four (4) shall serve a term of one (1) year; four (4) shall serve a term of two (2) years; and four (4) shall serve a term of three (3) years. Members thereafter appointed shall be appointed for three (3) years, but shall continue to serve until their successors are appointed. A member appointed to fill an unexpired term shall serve only to the completion of that term and until his or her successor is appointed. Except for the initial appointments to the Commission, the House of Delegates of the South Carolina Bar shall nominate up to two (2) members of the South Carolina Bar to fill each attorney position on the Commission. No person shall be appointed for more than two (2) consecutive terms. The Supreme Court shall appoint a chairperson and a secretary of the Commission from among the Commission's membership.
(2) Duties. Subject to the continuing jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, the Commission shall have general jurisdiction over all matters pertaining to mandatory continuing legal education and specialization in the practice of law and shall:
(A) administer the programs established pursuant to this Rule and Rule 504, SCACR;
(B) select fields of specialization in which South Carolina lawyers may be certified;
(C) appoint and supervise Specialization Advisory Boards, each consisting of at least five (5) lawyers practicing in the specialty field. Each Specialization Advisory Board shall be charged with the responsibility for establishing standards and procedures for certification, recertification and decertification of lawyers in specialty fields approved by the Commission;
(D) subject to the approval of the Supreme Court, make and publish rules, regulations, bylaws, standards and procedures implementing its duties. No proposed rule, regulation, by-law, set of standards or procedures, or any substantive amendment to the preceding shall be adopted by the Commission or any Specialization Advisory Board unless it is first published in the South Carolina Bar News or its successor publication for the information and comments of members of the Bar at least ninety (90) days prior to the proposed effective date. A public hearing shall be ordered by the Commission or Specialization Authorization Board upon receipt, at least ten (10) days prior to the effective date, of a petition for a hearing signed by at least ten (10) members of the Bar. Notice of the hearing shall be given in the South Carolina Bar News or its successor publication. An adopted rule, regulation, by-law, set of standards or procedures, or any substantive amendment to the preceding shall not become effective until it is filed with and approved by the Supreme Court. The final versions shall be included in any publication of the South Carolina Appellate Court Rules. The procedures contained in this paragraph shall not apply to internal operating procedures of the Commission;
(E) direct a staff headed by an Executive Director appointed by the Supreme Court. The staff shall assist the Commission and the Specialization Advisory Boards in administering this Rule, including processing applications for certified specialist status and for recertification, processing decertification orders, advising Specialization Advisory Boards on CLE course accreditation, providing information about the requirements of this Rule, assisting the Commission and Specialization Advisory Boards in preparing reports, and performing other administrative assignments as directed by the Commission; and
(F) report, at least annually, to the Supreme Court and the South Carolina Bar;
(G) may promulgate regulations approving organizations which certify lawyers as specialists in specialty fields in which the Supreme Court of South Carolina does not certify specialists.
(c) Designation of Specialty Fields.
(1) Subject to approval by the Supreme Court, the Commission may designate a specialty field and define the scope of practice of the field. The designation may be made by the Commission on its own initiative or upon the petition of 100 members of the Bar. Prior to the Commission's designation of a specialty field, notice of the proposed designation must be published in the South Carolina Bar News or its successor publication and at least one (1) public hearing relating to the proposed designation must be held.
In designating and defining a specialty field, the Commission shall consider:
(A) whether the public interest would be served;
(B) whether there is sufficient interest to warrant the designation;
(C) whether appropriate standards of proficiency can be established for the specialty field;
(D) whether there is satisfactory evidence of the existence or prospect of an adequate program of continuing legal education in the specialty field; and
(E) whether the designation of the specialty field would fulfill the objectives and further the orderly growth of certified specialization in South Carolina.
(2) No standard governing lawyer certification shall be approved which shall in any way limit the right of any certified lawyer to practice in all fields of law. Any lawyer, alone or in association with any other lawyer, shall have the right to practice in all fields of law, even though certified as a specialist in a particular field. No lawyer shall be required to attain certified specialist status before practicing in any designated specialty field. Any lawyer, alone or in association with any other lawyer, shall have the right to practice in any field of law, even though not certified under the program as a specialist in that field.
All requirements for and all benefits to be derived from certification as a specialist are individual and may not be fulfilled nor attributed to a law firm of which the specialist may be a member.
Participation in the specialization program shall be on a completely voluntary basis.
(d) Specialization Advisory Boards. Each designated specialty field shall have a Specialization Advisory Board charged with the responsibility of establishing standards and procedures for the certification, recertification and decertification of lawyers in the specialty field. No rules or standards shall be adopted in contravention of the South Carolina Appellate Court Rules. Each Specialization Advisory Board shall:
(1) make and publish reasonable and nondiscriminatory standards concerning education, experience and other relevant matters for the certification of lawyers as specialists in its specialty field;
(2) provide procedures for investigating the qualifications of applicants and certificate holders;
(3) make and publish reasonable and nondiscriminatory standards for recertification and decertification;
(4) recommend to the Supreme Court, for the issuance of certificates, lawyers who have qualified for certification in the designated specialty fields;
(5) make and publish rules, regulations and by-laws to implement its authority and duties;
(6) cooperate with the Supreme Court, the Commission and other agencies of the Court and the Bar in establishing and enforcing standards of professional conduct for certified lawyers;
(7) cooperate with the Special Committee on Specialization of the American Bar Association and with agencies in other states engaged in regulating legal specialization;
(8) accredit CLE courses to be taken by certified specialists for recertification, subject to the right of a certified specialist to appeal accreditation decisions to the Commission and from the Commission to the Supreme Court; and
(9) report, at least annually, to the Commission.
(e) Minimum Standards for Specialist Certification.
(1) To qualify for certification in a designated specialty field, an applicant must, at a minimum:
(A) be a regular member in good standing of the South Carolina Bar;
(B) submit the names of five (5) other attorneys who are familiar with the applicant's practice, not including attorneys who currently practice in the same law firm as the applicant, who can attest to the applicant's reputation for involvement and competency in the specialty field;
(C) have been engaged in the practice of law for at least five (5) years. If a Specialization Advisory Board finds that an applicant who has not been engaged in the practice of law for five (5) years has had specialized post-graduate education or concentrated experience in a particular area of practice and that the experience is equal to or greater than the experience the applicant would have gained in that area from five (5) years of practice, the Specialization Advisory Board may recommend to the Supreme Court that the requirement of five (5) years of practice be waived and that the applicant be certified as a specialist; and
(D) pay any fee required by the Commission.
(2) As determined by each Specialization Advisory Board, an applicant must:
(A) make a satisfactory showing of substantial involvement (i.e. actual performance) in the specialty field during a five (5) year period, or other reasonable period of not less than three (3) years, immediately preceding the application, which demonstrates according to objective and verifiable standards that the applicant has been substantially involved in the specialty field for which certification is sought; and
(B) successfully complete a program of instruction approved by the Specialization Advisory Board; and
(C) undergo and satisfactorily complete an examination approved and administered by the Specialization Advisory Board. The examination shall consist of oral and/or written parts and shall be designed to test the applicant's knowledge of and ability in the specialty field for which certification is sought.
(3) "Substantial involvement" shall be defined by each Specialization Advisory Board as to its particular field of law from a consideration of the complexity and the extent of necessary devotion to the particular field of practice. It is intended to be a measurement of the actual experience within that particular field. It may be measured by any of several standards such as the time spent on legal matters within the specialty field, the number or type of matters handled within a certain period of time, the time spent in teaching the law of the specialty field, or any combination of these or other appropriate factors. However, within each specialty field, experience requirements shall be measured by objective standards.
(4) The limit on the number of specialties in which a lawyer may be certified shall be determined by such practical limits as are imposed by the requirement of substantial involvement and such other standards as may be established by the Commission and approved by the Supreme Court as a prerequisite to certification.
(f) Standards for Renewal of Certification. Renewal of certification in a designated specialty field shall be required every five (5) years. Each applicant for recertification must:
(1) make a satisfactory showing of substantial involvement in the particular designated specialty field during the period of certification;
(2) make a satisfactory showing of attendance, during the preceding period of certification, at a minimum of sixty (60) hours of continuing legal education in the designated specialty field for which certification was granted. Only attendance at courses accredited by the pertinent Specialization Advisory Board shall count as credit toward the mandatory continuing legal education requirement for certified specialists. The Specialization Advisory Boards shall determine the number of credit hours to be given for each course and the specialty field entitled to credit. On the application of any interested person, the Specialization Advisory Boards, with the assistance of the staff described in section (b)(2)(E) of this Rule, shall make a determination of the qualification of, and credit to be allowed for, particular continuing legal education courses; and
(3) pay any fees prescribed by the Commission.
(g) Revocation of Certification. The Specialization Advisory Board may revoke certification of any lawyer if the certification program for that field is terminated or if it is determined after a hearing, on appropriate notice, that:
(1) certification was granted contrary to the rules of the Specialization Advisory Board, the Commission, or the Supreme Court; or
(2) certification was granted to a lawyer who was not eligible to have been certified in a specialty or who made any false representation or misstatement of material fact; or
(3) the certified lawyer has failed to abide by all rules and regulations covering the program promulgated by the Specialization Advisory Board, as amended from time to time, including the continuing legal education requirement for maintenance of certified status; or
(4) the certified lawyer has failed to pay any fee prescribed by the Commission; or
(5) the certified lawyer no longer meets the qualifications established by a Specialization Advisory Board; or
(6) the lawyer fails to meet the standards of competence for his particular specialty. Competency in a specialty area shall be determined in the same manner violations of the Rules of Professional Conduct are determined by the Commission on Lawyer Conduct.
(h) Right of Hearing and Appeal.
(1) Except for denial of certification because of failure to receive a passing grade on a specialty field's written examination, a lawyer who is refused certified status, renewal of certification, or whose certified status is revoked shall have the right to a hearing before the appropriate Specialization Advisory Board and the right to appeal the Advisory Board's ruling to the Commission under rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission and approved by the Supreme Court. The exhaustion of this right to appeal shall be a condition precedent to judicial review.
Under rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission and approved by the Supreme Court, an examination and grade review process shall be established for lawyers who fail to receive a passing grade on a specialty field's written examination.
(2) Except as provided otherwise with respect to the issue of whether a lawyer passed a specialty field's written examination, decisions of the Commission may be appealed to the Supreme Court under rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission and approved by the Supreme Court. Decisions of the Commission concerning whether a lawyer passed or failed a specialty field's written examination shall be final.
(i) Responsibilities of Certified Specialists. When a client is referred by a lawyer to a lawyer who is certified under this program, on a matter within the lawyer's specialty field, the certified lawyer shall not take unfair advantage of the certification to enlarge the scope of the representation, and shall strictly comply with the requirements of the Rules of Professional Conduct.
Any certified specialist or any lawyer who holds himself or herself out as a specialist in a particular field shall be held to a standard of competence set by the Supreme Court for a certified specialist in that field.
(j) Financing. Fees approved by the Commission shall be charged for filing applications for certification or renewal of certification by a Specialization Advisory Board, issuance of the certificate evidencing certified status and mandatory continuing legal education registration. The fees shall be reasonable and in an amount as may be necessary to defray the expense of administering the specialization and mandatory continuing legal education programs, and may be changed from time to time.
(k) Confidentiality. The following records regarding lawyer specialization shall be confidential and shall not be disclosed except upon order of the Supreme Court of South Carolina:
(1) All statements or other matter submitted by persons asked to provide a reference for an applicant seeking certification or recertification as a specialist; and
(2) All files or records relating to any applicant who has been denied certification or recertification as a specialist.
Last amended by Order dated November 12, 2014. | <urn:uuid:3c48e09c-8ea3-4b1f-9909-c55765ebe8d6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.judicial.state.sc.us/courtreg/displayRule.cfm?ruleID=408.0&subRuleID=&ruleType=APP | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00160-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954484 | 4,268 | 1.554688 | 2 |
TOKYO: Oil prices rose on Wednesday after an industry report showed that crude inventories in the United States decreased against expectations, giving the market a boost amid record increases of coronavirus infections in the U.S. and elsewhere.
Brent crude LCOc1 was up by 24 cents, or 0.6%, at $43.46 a barrel by 0041 GMT, after dropping 0.4% on Tuesday.
U.S. oil CLc1 gained 14 cents, or 0.3%, to $41.18 a barrel, having dropped 1.4% in the previous session.
Inventories of crude oil in the U.S. dropped by 6.8 million barrels last week to 531 million barrels, data from industry group the American Petroleum Institute showed on Tuesday. [API/S]
Analysts’ expectations were for an increase of 357,000 barrels. U.S. government data is due Wednesday.
“This should temporarily alleviate some concerns about ongoing demand distress,” Stephen Innes, chief global markets strategist at AxiCorp said in a note.
The raging COVID-19 pandemic is keeping alive concerns about falling fuel demand causing an oversupplied market as record numbers of infections are reported globally, including the U.S., the world’s biggest consumer of oil.
Four U.S. states reported one-day records for coronavirus deaths on Tuesday and cases in Texas passed the 400,000 mark.
Attempts to provide relief amid the outbreak were in disarray as Republicans in the U.S. disagreed over their own plan for providing $1 trillion in new coronavirus aid on Tuesday.
In Hong Kong, the government on Wednesday warned the city is on the edge of a large-scale coronavirus outbreak and urged people to stay indoors as much as possible. | <urn:uuid:449aded2-370b-477f-9295-68dbddf431bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/business/market/290720/oil-prices-inch-higher-after-sharp-drop-in-us-crude-inventories.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.951696 | 382 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Even as new research is making “radical life extension” — living well past 100 — sound more plausible and less like science-fiction, a new poll shows Americans sharply divided on a potential reshaping of what it means to age.
The report, released Tuesday by the Pew Research Center, follows a flurry of recent medical and technological investment in anti-aging research, including dramatically lowering caloric intake and implanting machines to replace failing organs.
Experts’ views range widely on how close human beings are to achieving super-long life spans. But there is unquestionably a new focus on delaying aging, whereas until now the average life span had been getting longer because of improved infant and child health.
But fifty-six percent of Americans say they would personally not want treatments that would allow them to live dramatically longer lives, said the Pew report, called “Living to 120 And Beyond.” Fifty-one percent believe such long lifespans would be bad for society, while 41 percent say they would be good.
Nearly 70 percent of Americans say they would ideally like to live to between 79 and 100. The median desired life-span, the report says, is 90 years – about 11 years longer than the actual current average U.S. life expectancy, which is 78.7 years. Just 9 percent of Americans say they want to live more than 100 years.
Debate has been bubbling up among bioethicists, religious figures and others about potential moral questions raised by the prospect of “radical life extension.” In 2010 Pope Benedict preached on the dangers of denying death its role.
“What would it really be like if we were to succeed, perhaps not in excluding death totally, but in postponing it indefinitely, in reaching an age of several hundred years? Would that be a good thing? Humanity would become extraordinarily old, there would be no more room for youth. Capacity for innovation would die, and endless life would be no paradise, if anything a condemnation,” he said.
Interestingly, the Pew poll shows people’s views on a seriously lengthened life don’t vary based on whether they believe in God or attend religious services. Perhaps the most striking difference in views is racial and ethnic.
Fifty-six percent of black Americans say radical life extension would be a good thing for society, compared with 36 percent of whites. African-Americans and Hispanics are also somewhat more inclined to say that they, personally, would want life-extending treatments.
“These findings are consistent with the survey’s findings that blacks are especially likely to express a desire to live 100 years or more. And both blacks and Hispanics tend to be more optimistic than whites about the future outlook for their personal lives,” Pew said in a statement Tuesday.
Of course people are already living longer than they once did, which affects everything from housing to employment. Pew cites the U.S. Census as saying that every six years the average U.S. life span rises by a year.
Respondents to the poll worry about how longer life spans would drain natural resources and harm the economy. The Pew report included an essay based on interviews with bioethicists called “To Count Our Days: The Scientific and Ethical Dimensions of Radical Life Extension.” Dramatically expanded life spans “would raise a host of new social, political, economic, environmental, moral and other questions,” including on concepts of marriage, parenting and the gap between rich and poor, the report said.
Jeffrey Bishop, a moral philosopher who focuses on health care ethics at Saint Louis University – a Catholic school – said some read ancient Greek mythology as a rebuke to immortality.
“The reason the gods were so capricious was because they were bored. It was the same damn old thing over and over. It’s [due to] the fact that we die that we’re forced to evaluate things, to give them value,” he said.
The “greatest good” in Christianity, he said, is to be in communion with God. “Anything that distracts from that is sinful,” such as making our focus indefinite life, he said. With indefinitely prolonged lives, “I don’t know how we’d begin to evaluate good. Because for humans at least the way we have defined good is the threat of its loss.”
Research on anti-aging approaches to increased life expectancy has had mixed results, said Marie A. Bernard, deputy director of the National Institute on Aging at NIH.
Among the most promising, she said, are calorie restriction, a diet that is lower in calories than a normal diet but includes all needed nutrients; rapamycin, a compound that helps transplant patients accept new organs and could increase longevity; and metformin, a diabetes medication that may also slow the aging process.
Testing on these has yielded mixed results, she said, adding, “Right now, the possibility that we’re going to extend people to 120 to 150 years is not a reality that we’re facing.”
But Nigel Cameron, president of the D.C.-based Center for Policy on Emerging Technologies, thinks humans have a 1-in-4 chance of breaking the 120-year-old barrier in the next few decades. Cameron said Pew’s wording about “life extension” is prejudicial because it implies humans’ old ages will simply be extended – rather than the possibility that their bodies will remain 30- or 40-something for decades.
Aubrey de Grey, chief science officer at SENS Research Foundation, a California-based biomedical research charity that focuses on preventing the ill health of old age, said he expects the human lifespan to reach 110 to 150 in the next 20 to 25 years.
Thanks to advances in stem cell therapy as well as preliminary research into lesser-known therapies, such as an enzyme that breaks down toxic molecules responsible for cardiovascular disease, middle-aged people could be moved back to a point where “they could be biologically 60 again until they’re chronologically 90,” he said.
De Grey called the Pew report “very depressing” — a sign that many people are unaware of life extension research and its implications. For example, he said it costs more to care for people suffering from aging-related illnesses than it does to provide anti-aging therapies.
A bioethicist, Cameron said he has shifted his focus from religious to secular communities on this topic.
“There is hardly any serious conversation among religious communities on this because they are so blinkered on the future, they are the least attuned to the significance of technological change. If you’re looking for lively talk on bioethics, the last place you’ll go is a church or synagogue. A secular audience is far more likely to be engaged on the ethical and social impact,” he said.
Pew quotes a range of religious leaders on the concept of trying to expand life span indefinitely.
The Rev. Alistair So, chair of the Episcopal Church’s Executive Council Committee on Science, Technology and Faith, told Pew there is nothing in the denomination’s teaching against life extension, so long as it doesn’t become “the focus of life” and that benefits were available for all.
Pew also quotes Abdulaziz Sachedina, chair of Islamic studies at George Mason University and the author of “Islamic Biomedical Ethics” as saying that striving for immortality would go against Islamic teachings because it would keep Muslims from heaven. “There is a deep-seated belief that death is a blessing,” Sachedina says. “We look forward to dying.” | <urn:uuid:b821f754-86db-4962-b106-da90fb471235> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/2013/08/06/65e76e08-fea9-11e2-bd97-676ec24f1f3f_story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00385-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963619 | 1,609 | 2.25 | 2 |
If you think the U.S. Bureau of Prisons (BOP) couldn't possibly make its prisons more inhumane no matter how hard it tried, you are wrong. It has created CMUs, or Communications Management Units, where the “management” part consists of denying inmates virtually all communication with their families and the outside world. In its Terre Haute, Ind., facility, the BOP is concentrating Arab-Muslim inmates and limiting them to mailing one six-page letter per week, making one 15-minute phone call per month, and receiving only one 60-minute visit per month.
Word of the restrictive new facilities came to light when Rafil Dhafir, an American doctor born in Iraq (and convicted of sending money to a charity he founded there and other non-violent crimes,) claimed he was imprisoned in Terre Haute as part of “a nationwide operation to put Muslims/Arabs in one place so that we can be closely monitored regarding our communications.” Subsequent inquiries showed that Dhafir had a case. While Muslims make up just six percent of the federal prison population, 18 of 33 prisoners at Terre Haute, or 55%, are Muslim, and 23 of 36, or 64%, at Marion, Ill., are Muslim.
BOP's actions have been challenged legally by the Center for Constitutional Rights(CCR) which, The Nation magazine reports in its March 28th issue, contends inmates are being shifted to these facilities “based on their religion and/or perceived political beliefs.” Author Alia Malek writes, “The extreme nature of the (BOP's) restrictions also raises the issue of cruel and unusual punishment,” forbidden by the U.S. Constitution. CCR also says the CMUs impede the free speech and association rights of family members. The BOP insists that these inmates must communicate in English, another punitive barrier, and it now denies them any physical contact with their families. Thus, prisoners cannot kiss their wives or children and can only talk with them in a crabbed room through a Plexiglass wall using a tapped telephone that records their conversations.
Prisoners in the two CMUs are not being punished because of any terrorist acts. “The vast majority of these folks are there due to entrapment or material support convictions,” says CCR attorney Rachel Meeropol, who has communicated with most of them. These are “terrorism-related convictions that do not involve any violence or injury.” One example, Malek writes, is Yassin Aref, who simply witnessed a loan in a plot “planned by an FBI informant.” Other examples include officers of the Holy Land Foundation(HLF), a U.S.-based Islamic charity that sent funds to programs administered by Hamas, a U.S.-designated terrorist organization. Ghassan Elashi, co-founder of HLF, is behind bars for funding schools and social welfare programs in the Occupied Territories.
The Terre Haute CMU was opened during the Bush regime in 2006 and Marion followed it two years later. Both openings circumvented “the usual process federal agencies normally follow that subjects them to public scrutiny and transparency,” Malek noted. She quotes William Luneburg, former chair of the American bar Association's administrative law practice section as terming the BOP action “grossly irregular” and arguably illegal. “It is not a normal thing for agencies legally bound by the APA(Administrative Procedure Act) to propose some new program, to start through the public rule-making process and then basically not complete it, and then to decide to go ahead and do it on their own.” Adds David Shapiro, of the ACLU's Prison Project, “Essentially these CMUs are being operated in the absence of any rules or policies that authorize them.” Shapiro said the ACLU hoped “When Obama came into office...that the use of CMUs would be revisited...”(As Clarence Darrow once told a judge, “Your Honor has the right to hope.”)
One wonders if there is anyone inside the Bureau of Prisons who has a care for the impact of the CMU regulations on prisoners' families. Christy Visher, professor of sociology and criminal justice at the University of Delaware, is quoted by The Nation as saying, “Contact visits where you can hold a child on your lap or touch your wife are very important.” What's more, she says, “The lack of connection to family make it harder to think of a plan for post-release, and if they have no hope for life after release, then they're less likely to be making behavior change.”
Nobody asked me, but behavior modification needs to begin with the Bureau of Prisons. It has apparently established a new kind of detention facility without observing the legal rules for so doing, concentrated prisoners inside based on their religion, and grossly reduced their right to communicate with their families and the outside world. As for the New Testament phrase attributed to Jesus Christ by Matthew (25:36), “I was in prison and ye came to me,” the BOP is going to make that as tough as possible to fulfill for the families of Muslim inmates.
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Who Is Your Choice for President?
|William deB. Mills| | <urn:uuid:2de8bb5b-668d-48bc-9ba0-c809db4270db> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://mwcnews.net/focus/politics/9535-special-prison-units-for-muslims.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722459.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00343-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956285 | 1,196 | 2.140625 | 2 |
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The American Budo Society is an organization of Independent Martial Arts Instructors and Students from Traditional Martial Arts Styles to more recently developed systems, united together for Education, Information, Safety, and Protection of Martial Arts Freedoms and Rights.
American Budo Society members are free to practice Martial Arts in accordance with their own style and testing requirements, but they are NEVER alone.
American Budo Society membership offers all its members many opportunities to expand their knowledge base and expose them to different styles of Martial Arts.
American Budo Society includes practitioners from Judo, Jujitsu, Karate, Tai Chi, Tae Kwon Do, Hapkido, Jeet Kune Do, Aikido, Nubreed Martial Arts Systems, Nubreed Kali/Silat and other Martial Arts.
The American Budo Society is a group of like-minded people who have one goal in mind. Our goal is to share knowledge and help our members. We have high ranking instructors that teach a variety of martial arts styles and systems that span the entire globe. We have all been in other organizations in the past, and have all had the same problems everyone else has had. We have broken all the old rules and designed this organization to do what others only claim to do. Help you and your school. But we back it up.
Cost- We don't overcharge for certificates. We feel strongly that no one should be denied a deserved promotion just because they cannot pay the exorbitant fees many organizations extract from their members. Many organizations charge several hundred dollars for this service. We never will. We keep everything affordable to assure that no one is left behind.
Autonomy- Our instructors on a local level have autonomy in their schools. They don't have to worry about someone, who doesn't even know them, butting in and telling them how to run their own dojo. When we charter an instructor and school, we make sure they deserve our trust…and from that point on we trust their authority to make promotions in their own school. That’s autonomy and it’s the right of an instructor. Why would other organizations not do this? Maybe to look bigger so they can charge more money.
Travel- We don’t require travel. Of course, anyone who wants to visit our organization and/or its members is more than welcome to do so. The fact that our instructors have autonomy locally removes the need for this. You have someone there with you on a local level that can watch your growth the entire time. There is no need for traveling expenses to somewhere else so some guy or board of black belts can look you over (every now and then) and collect a check.
These are a few of the things that make our organization different from the others. We are constantly trying to find ways to improve. Some organizations these days are solely about money or fame. It should be about the love of the art not the wallet. If you find yourself trapped in one of these organizations we can help. When you’re with us you'll never be alone. We are anxiously waiting to hear from YOU! | <urn:uuid:6057b68f-6579-49df-ae9d-c3e1e200b115> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://americanbudosociety.com/?page=Game-hire-casino | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00045-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959929 | 646 | 1.5 | 2 |
Agenda: Class 5 - Virtual
ET605 Introduction to Educational Technology
- Watch the video introduction to Class 5 or listen to the audio introduction to Class 5
- Audo and video use the same audio track
- Announcements and Questions
- First Learning Activity is due next class
- Projects are due 15 minutes after the beginning of class to
allow time for assembling the project. The project should be complete
when you arrive at class, but you can use the beginning of class to
collect all the pieces from each group member.
- All projects should be given to the instructor in electronic form via the Moodle Assignment
- Each project should include an index page that points to the files in the project.
- All written work should be typed in a word processor with numbered pages and one-inch margins (where that makes sense).
- Each project should include a cover sheet with a title for the project and the names of all members of the group.
- Each project must clearly list which technologies should be applied to the rubric so I know which technologies to grade.
- Each group member must hand in a group self evaluation form
(available as a link from the Learning Activity assignment). This can
be filled out and submitted electronically in the Moodle Assignment for
the Group Self Evaluation form. These forms are confidential.
- Group self-evaluation forms require a recent version of Adobe Reader.
- Read the assignment and the relevant rubrics before handing in the project.
- Project Presentation Schedule (you can present any one of your projects)
- Each group must present a project (one of the two learning activities you develop)
- Presentations are ungraded
- Presentations may either be brief descriptions of what you have
done (at least 20 minutes) or you may have the class participate in
part of your learning activity for about an hour
- The latter option will be more fun and interesting, but it will be harder to prepare
- Each member of your group must participate in the presentation in some way
- One or two groups will present in classes 6, 7, or 8
- Discuss this with your group and let me know (via email) your group’s preferences
- All email I receive by Monday at noon will be treated
equally; after that, slots for presentations will be on a
- Tip: send email as soon as possible
- Your choices for additional information about some Tech Resource
will take place in classes 6 and 7 (teams that will present are being
- Don’t forget that I am prepared to help you with anything you
need for this class. I can spend as long as you want talking about any
of the required technologies. Let me know what you need.
- Group Work Time
- By the end (if not the beginning) of your group meetings outside of class, you should have a
clear idea of what is needed in your learning activity and a rough
draft of most of the components. You should have a clear plan of
everyone’s responsibilities during the week so each group member will
arrive at class next week with his/her parts of the project complete.
- Your second learning activity is due two classes after the first, so you should have a good idea of what you will do for that
- Create something useful
- Have fun!
- Group Meetings
we are meeting virtually this week, I will not meet with groups so send
me a brief update on the questions from last week and any other questions you have
- Describe how this use of technology is going to make the lesson better than not using technology
- Describe your plans for assessment
- How will your learning activity promote higher-order thinking skills?
- Let me know if you need anything
- Learning Activity 1
- Keep up with technology skills (practice if necessary; set up time to see me if necessary)
This page was prepared by: David
M. Marcovitz, Ph.D.
Last updated: September 19, 2014 | <urn:uuid:82fa4688-ad2f-429d-8603-52b5b0ef72f4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.loyola.edu/edudept/facstaff/marcovitz/et605/agenda05.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00385-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926139 | 836 | 2.3125 | 2 |
- •1.1 Using This Guide
- •1.2 Structure of This Guide
- •1.3.1 Connectivity
- •1.3.2 Switching Options
- •1.3.3 Full Duplex Switched Ethernet
- •1.3.4 SmartTrunk
- •1.3.5 Runtime IP Address Discovery
- •1.3.6 Management
- •1.3.7 Remote Monitoring (RMON)
- •1.3.8 LANVIEW Diagnostic LEDs
- •1.3.9 Broadcast Suppression
- •1.3.10 Port Redirect Function
- •1.3.11 Year 2000 Compliance
- •1.3.12 Standards Compatibility
- •1.4 Optional Features
- •1.5 Document Conventions
- •1.6 Getting Help
- •1.7 Related Manuals
- •Network Requirements
- •2.1 SmartTrunk
- •2.3 100BASE-TX Network
- •3.1 Required Tools
- •3.3 Installing Optional Equipment
- •3.4 Installing the 2H28-08R
- •3.4.1 Tabletop or Shelf Installation
- •3.4.2 Rackmount Installation
- •3.4.3 Connecting Power to the Device
- •3.5 Connecting to the Network
- •3.6 Completing the Installation
- •4.1 Using LANVIEW
- •4.2 FE-100TX LED
- •4.3 Troubleshooting Checklist
- •4.4 Using the RESET Button
- •Local Management
- •5.1 Overview
- •5.2 Local Management Keyboard Conventions
- •5.3 Management Terminal Setup
- •5.3.1 Console Cable Connection
- •5.3.2 Management Terminal Setup Parameters
- •5.3.3 Telnet Connections
- •5.3.4 Monitoring an Uninterruptible Power Supply
- •5.4 Accessing Local Management
- •5.4.1 Navigating Local Management Screens
- •5.4.2 Selecting Local Management Menu Screen Items
- •5.4.3 Exiting Local Management Screens
- •5.5 Device Menu Screen
- •5.6 Device Configuration Menu Screen
- •5.7 General Configuration Screen
- •5.7.1 Setting the IP Address
- •5.7.2 Setting the Subnet Mask
- •5.7.3 Setting the Default Gateway
- •5.7.4 Setting the TFTP Gateway IP Address
- •5.7.5 Setting the Device Date
- •5.7.6 Setting the Device Time
- •5.7.7 Entering a New Screen Refresh Time
- •5.7.8 Setting the Screen Lockout Time
- •5.7.9 Setting the Operational Mode
- •220.127.116.11 Changing the COM Port Application
- •5.7.11 Clearing NVRAM
- •5.8 SNMP Community Names Screen
- •5.8.1 Establishing Community Names
- •5.9 SNMP Traps Screen
- •5.10 Switch Configuration Screen
- •5.10.1 Setting the STA
- •5.10.2 Setting the Age Time Field
- •5.10.3 Setting (Enabling or Disabling) the Port Status
- •5.11 Ethernet Interface Configuration
- •5.11.3 Setting the FE-100TX Operational Mode
- •5.11.4 Setting the FE-100TX Advertised Ability
- •5.12 Device Specific Configuration Menu Screen
- •5.13 System Resources Screen
- •5.13.1 Setting the Reset Peak Switch Utilization
- •5.14 Flash Download Screen
- •5.14.1 Image File Download Using TFTP
- •5.14.2 Image File Download Using Runtime
- •5.14.3 Image File Download Using BootP
- •5.15 Port Redirect Function Screen
- •5.15.1 Displaying the Source and Destination Entries
- •5.15.2 Changing Source and Destination Ports
- •5.16 Broadcast Suppression Screen
- •5.16.1 Setting the Threshold
- •5.16.2 Setting the Reset Peak Switch
- •5.17 Device Statistics Menu Screen
- •5.18 Switch Statistics Screen
- •5.18.1 Using the Clear Counters Command
- •5.19 Interface Statistics Screen
- •5.19.1 Displaying Interface Statistics
- •5.19.2 Using the Clear Counters Command
- •5.20 RMON Statistics Screen
- •5.20.1 Displaying RMON Statistics
- •5.20.2 Using the Clear Counters Command
- •5.21 Network Tools
- •5.21.1 Built-in Commands
- •5.21.2 Special Commands
- •A.1 Device Specifications
- •A.4 Environmental Requirements
- •A.5 Input/Output Ports
- •A.6 COM Pinout Assignments
- •A.7 Regulatory Compliance
- •B.2 FE-100FX
- •B.3 FE-100F3
- •C.1 Required Tools
- •C.2 Removing the Chassis Cover
- •C.2.1 Setting the Mode Switch
- •C.3 Installing Optional Fast Ethernet Interface Modules
Only qualified personnel should perform installation procedures.
Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made.
The hardware, firmware, or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice.
IN NO EVENT SHALL CABLETRON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOST PROFITS) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS MANUAL OR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT, EVEN IF CABLETRON SYSTEMS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF, KNOWN, OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN, THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
1998 by Cabletron Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 5005, Rochester, NH
Printed in the United States of America
Cabletron Systems, SPECTRUM, SecureFast, QuickSet, and LANVIEWare registered trademarks and SmartSwitchis a trademark of Cabletron Systems, Inc.
All other product names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment uses, generates, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed in accordance with the operator’s manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
WARNING: Changes or modifications made to this device which are not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
INDUSTRY CANADA NOTICE
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.
Le présent appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la class A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique édicté par le ministère des Communications du Canada.
This is a Class A product based on the standard of the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Information Technology Equipment (VCCI). If this equipment is used in a domestic environment, radio disturbance may arise. When such trouble occurs, the user may be required to take corrective actions.
CABLETRON SYSTEMS, INC. PROGRAM LICENSE AGREEMENT
IMPORTANT: Before utilizing this product, carefully read this License Agreement.
This document is an agreement between you, the end user, and Cabletron Systems, Inc. (“Cabletron”) that sets forth your rights and obligations with respect to the Cabletron software program (the “Program”) contained in this package. The Program may be contained in firmware, chips or other media. BY UTILIZING THE ENCLOSED PRODUCT, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BECOME BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, WHICH INCLUDES THE LICENSE AND THE LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, PROMPTLY RETURN THE UNUSED PRODUCT TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE FOR A FULL REFUND.
CABLETRON SOFTWARE PROGRAM LICENSE
1.LICENSE. You have the right to use only the one (1) copy of the Program provided in this package subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.
You may not copy, reproduce or transmit any part of the Program except as permitted by the Copyright Act of the United States or as authorized in writing by Cabletron.
2.OTHER RESTRICTIONS. You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the Program.
3.APPLICABLE LAW. This License Agreement shall be interpreted and governed under the laws and in the state and federal courts of New Hampshire. You accept the personal jurisdiction and venue of the New Hampshire courts.
EXCLUSION OF WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY
1.EXCLUSION OF WARRANTY. Except as may be specifically provided by Cabletron in writing, Cabletron makes no warranty, expressed or implied, concerning the Program (including its documentation and media).
CABLETRON DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OTHER THAN THOSE SUPPLIED TO YOU BY CABLETRON IN WRITING, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO THE PROGRAM, THE ACCOMPANYING WRITTEN MATERIALS, AND ANY ACCOMPANYING HARDWARE.
2.NO LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL CABLETRON OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR RELIANCE DAMAGES, OR OTHER LOSS) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS CABLETRON PRODUCT, EVEN IF CABLETRON HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. BECAUSE SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, OR ON THE DURATION OR LIMITATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, IN SOME INSTANCES THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS
The enclosed product (a) was developed solely at private expense; (b) contains “restricted computer software” submitted with restricted rights in accordance with Section
For Department of Defense units, the product is licensed with “Restricted Rights” as defined in the DoD Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulations, Section
CLASS 1 LASER TRANSCEIVERS
The Class 1 laser transceivers use an optical feedback loop to maintain Class 1 operation limits. This control loop eliminates the need for maintenance checks or adjustments. The output is factory set, and does not allow any user adjustment. Class 1 Laser transceivers comply with the following safety standards:
•21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (FDA).
•IEC Publication 825 (International Electrotechnical Commission).
•CENELEC EN 60825 (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization).
When operating within their performance limitations, laser transceiver output meets the Class 1 accessible emission limit of all three standards. Class 1 levels of laser radiation are not considered hazardous.
CLASS 1 LASER TRANSCEIVERS
LASER RADIATION AND CONNECTORS
When the connector is in place, all laser radiation remains within the fiber. The maximum amount of radiant power exiting the fiber (under normal conditions) is
Removing the optical connector from the transceiver allows laser radiation to emit directly from the
optical port. The maximum radiance from the optical port (under worst case conditions) is 0.8 W
Do not use optical instruments to view the laser output. The use of optical instruments to view laser output increases eye hazard. When viewing the output optical port, power must be removed from the network adapter.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Application of Council Directive(s): 89/336/EEC
Manufacturer’s Name: Cabletron Systems, Inc.
Manufacturer’s Address: 35 Industrial Way
PO Box 5005
Rochester, NH 03867
European Representative Name: Mr. J. Solari
European Representative Address: Cabletron Systems Limited
Nexus House, Newbury Business Park
London Road, Newbury
Berkshire RG13 2PZ, England
Conformance to Directive(s)/Product Standards: EC Directive 89/336/EEC
EC Directive 73/23/EEC EN 55022
Equipment Type/Environment: Networking Equipment, for use in a
Commercial or Light Industrial Environment.
We the undersigned, hereby declare, under our sole responsibility, that the equipment packaged with this notice conforms to the above directives.
Legal Representative in Europe
Mr. Ronald Fotino
Mr. J. Solari
Principal Compliance Engineer
Managing Director - E.M.E.A.
Rochester, NH, USA
Newbury, Berkshire, England | <urn:uuid:06fa6538-e2e3-494e-b888-0f49a4d8a05d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://manualmachine.com/cabletron-systems/2h28-08r/1022354-user-manual/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00523-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.753213 | 3,235 | 1.890625 | 2 |
So why Darwin? Charles Darwin was one of the greatest naturalists of all time. His BIG idea of Natural Selection, co-discovered by Alfred Russel Wallace, is the unifying principle in biology and medicine. But Darwin’s first scientific love was chemistry, having the nickname ‘Gas’ as a boy. On his return from The Beagle, he was, in fact, more famous as a geologist than a biologist. His grandfather Erasmus Darwin was also a genius. Erasmus lived in the 18th century, and was a polymath. He was rated as the best doctor in England, pioneered the use of plant extracts to treat patients, was the first to describe photosynthesis, and was an experimental scientist and inventor, supported major engineering projects such as canal building. He was also an entrepreneur, helping to found the industrial revolution in Britain. Amazingly, Erasmus was also one of the most important poets at the end of the 18th century. As Erasmus once wrote; ‘A fool is man who never did an experiment in his life’. It is the legacy and inspiration of Charles and Erasmus that The Young Darwinian takes forward in the 21st century. Curiosity inspires, Discovery reveals.
THE LOGO – THE MYSTERY OF THE BEAKS
The Young Darwinian logo represents the beaks of four finches found in the Galapagos by Charles Darwin, that triggered him to think about adaptation in different environments. Each finch has a different shaped beak adapted to a particular food supply. In fact, Darwin didn’t realise the importance of the finches, until John Gould, an expert ornithologist, pointed out how interesting they were. Darwin was cross with himself, as he hadn’t recorded accurately from which Galapagos Island each of his specimens came. The term ‘Darwin’s finches’ was first used by Percy Lowe in 1936, but became famous as a result of David Lack’s book ‘Darwin’s finches’ in 1947. These beaks are still relevant today. Peter and Rosemary Grant have researched for over 25 years on the Galapagos. By measuring very carefully the size and shape of the beaks in different species, they have shown, in their pioneering studies, that the finches can evolve quite quickly, particularly if there is a major environmental challenge such as catastrophic storms.
Have a look at the birds in your garden, and see if you can work out what food each species is best adapted to eat (Picture here). Try putting out seeds of different types, as well as small worms and other invertebrates. Then watch and see which species choses which food. The results will be fascinating. Have a look at a seagull next time you are near the sea. If it is a herring gull or a lesser or greater black backed gull, then there will be a red spot on the lower mandible (Picture here). This is the target for a chick. When the chick’s beak hits the red spot, the parent disgorges food for it to eat. This was discovered by the famous Dutch biologist Niko Tinbergen (1907 – 1988), who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1973, with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz, for understanding of animal behaviour. Tinbergen made models of the beaks with different coloured spots. He then counted the success rate of chicks hitting them. A red spot achieved nearly 100% success. But without a spot the chick hits were only 20% successful (Graph picture). All birds have beaks adapted to their behaviour, both in obtaining food and mating. This includes grain, insects, fruit, mud probing, and scavenging. See Wikicommons https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beak#/media/File:BirdBeaksA.svg by L.Shyamal for examples.
The Wales connection – Darwin’s inspiration
Charles Darwin grew up in Shrewsbury in the county of Shropshire, England. But he was close to North Wales. He loved it there. In 1831 he went on a geology trip with one of his Cambridge mentors – Adam Sedgwick – a pioneer geologist. He wrote on The Beagle, that without this trip he could not have mad so much of the geology during the voyage. When he got back home from North Wales, there was a letter inviting him to be the naturalist and companion to Captain FitzRoy on The Beagle. During the north Wales trip he visited Cwm Idwal in the Snowdonia mountains, an inspiring place, famous for botany and rock climbing. The British group who first conquered Everest practised there. When Darwin examined the rocks around Idwal he thought it was not glacial. He was wrong, and corrected himself after a visit when he returned from The Beagle. Sam Howe has made a lovely video about this (see link below).
Professor Anthony K Campbell, Editor in Chief, The Young Darwinian, firstname.lastname@example.org 05/01/2017 | <urn:uuid:2c218e43-c00e-41a2-92bd-e9b28b919d90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theyoungdarwinian.com/why-darwin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.967378 | 1,076 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Launching a company brings with it a lot of responsibilities for an entrepreneur. One of the greatest troubles is to manage the shares in the company. A share in the company represents the ownership of the company, and being an owner means you need to issue and manage shares properly to keep the best interestRead More
Tag: Manage Shares
We help business owners realize their dreams by providing full company incorporation, share management and valuation
services to startup companies. Our blog is the best place to learn about valuation, equity, and the Eqvista product. | <urn:uuid:c99d85fd-d7d7-406e-bcad-03a2408cb9e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eqvista.com/tag/manage-shares/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.944384 | 111 | 1.585938 | 2 |
OSHA News Release
WASHINGTON, DC – Since the start of the coronavirus pandemic through Oct. 15, 2020, the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has cited 112 establishments for violations relating to coronavirus, resulting in proposed penalties totaling $1,603,544.
OSHA inspections have resulted in the agency citing employers for violations, including failures to:
- Implement a written respiratory protection program;
- Provide a medical evaluation, respirator fit test, training on the proper use of a respirator and personal protective equipment;
- Report an injury, illness or fatality;
- Record an injury or illness on OSHA recordkeeping forms; and
- Comply with the General Duty Clause of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
OSHA has already announced citations relating to 85 establishments, which can be found at dol.gov/newsroom. In addition to those establishments, the 27 establishments below have received coronavirus-related citations totaling $381,388 from OSHA relating to one or more of the above violations from Oct. 9 to Oct. 15, 2020. OSHA provides more information about individual citations at its Establishment Search website, which it updates periodically. | <urn:uuid:c80c1ea4-efbf-4d19-87f1-37c65ae3d99c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.goosmannlaw.com/risk-manager-on-your-side/u.s.-department-of-labors-osha-announces-1603544-in-coronavirus-violations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.94039 | 259 | 1.53125 | 2 |
How To Thread Your Eyebrows Without Tweezers In 5 Minutes Or Less
Tweezing is apparently safe method to groom your eyebrows. Also the results of tweezing last longer compared to shaving. However, it may cause ingrown hairs if the follicles break off underneath your skin during practicing it. In such case, a skin layer grows over the pore thus traps the hair, which results in a red bump. A pimple may also occur if a bacterium is trapped together with the hair. The tweezing process can leave the pores open to potentially harmful elements. By using unsanitary tweezers your skin can be infected with bacteria, which can lead to infection.
If you over-tweeze your eyebrows you can end up with very thin, sparse and unattractive eyebrows. Follicles are responsible for the process of generating hair growth, and if you permanently damage them the hair may not grow back ever. Avoid over-plucking the eyebrows using tweezers and along your natural brow line to grow back before plucking more hairs.
Waxing can burn or peel your facial skin’s top layer. This might cause lot of damage over time and can result in developing wrinkles and premature skin loosening. So if you, like most, are tired of clumsy plucking or damaging the smooth and fragile skin around your eyes, there is great alternative – threading.
Benefits of Threading
Threading is a very old skill that requires using only a piece of thread. The thread is used to remove hairs from your eyebrows or anywhere else. While it takes a little bit of practice, all you need is a piece of string!
One of the greatest threading benefits is that it is a great method for hair removal for both men and women. It is less messy, much faster and is less traumatizing to the skin than tweezing or waxing. Threading is chemical free practice and is very hygienic since a new thread is being used each time, and the process itself does not cause excessive redness, breakouts or pigmentation.
Threading can even help in slowing the process of hair re-growth because it consistently causes hair follicle to go weaker and become less dense. Overtime there would be less or no hair growth. Another benefit is that threading is an excellent choice for achieving the perfect, classic eyebrow shape. It will create more natural finish and will allow you to move faster. If you are looking to add an arch or simply want to let your eyebrows grow wild for a bit, this method can be a fast way through which you can shape your eyebrows as you wish.
How To Thread Your Eyebrows
All you really need in order to achieve threading is a piece of thread. If you want to feel less pain you can numb the area with some cold water or ice. Do this after marking the shape you desire with an eyebrow pencil.
Cut the string and tie its ends together, so they form a loop. Snip off is there is any extra thread beyond the knot. Hold both sections with each hand. Twist the hand in which you hold the knot five or six times, while tightly holding the other section of the thread. This method will prevent getting the knot in the middle of the thread. You should end up with hourglass or an infinity symbol shape. Then, practice your scissor motion (opening and closing technique) by opening one hand, while closing the other, simultaneously. The twisted thread, which should be in the middle, is what removes the hair.
Hold your hands in a way your fingers are faced away from your face, and position them over the eyebrow you are about to shape. Place the thread’s triangle so that the hair you want to pluck out is within the thread. Pull the thread against the direction the hair grows. This means you ought to move the point of the triangle in the opposite direction of hair grows.
Close the hand that controls the triangle around the hair, as you open your other hand. Just make sure the thread is still touching your skin, and quickly make the scissors motion in the opposite direction of the hair grows in order to pull the hairs out. This whole method takes some practice, but it will surely be worth it. | <urn:uuid:9162951f-2660-4936-8691-3791cf6c6673> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.healthandhomeremedies.com/how-to-thread-your-eyebrows-without-tweezers-in-5-minutes-or-less/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00406-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943587 | 876 | 1.765625 | 2 |
"account" po angielsku z przykładami - Słownik kolokacji angielskich
- And now let us hear a true account of the next act.
- The true account was covered by 60 Minutes in 2005.
- They cannot always be relied upon to give a true account of what happened in the past.
- "I don't think they actually portrayed the true account of the issue."
- We want a true account of what happened to him in there.
- He gave the Mexican a true account of the day's adventure.
- Armstrong offers this view as a true account of the mind.
- Certainly, he said, that is the true account of temperance whether in the State or individual.
- This lady's account of her life rings true and honest.
- It was a newspaper cutting, which gave the true account of the incident.
Kliknij na wybrany nagłówek, aby rozwinąć grupy kolokacji, kolokacje oraz przykładowe zdania. | <urn:uuid:f74aa0ca-7399-4058-b08c-8e92960ddb50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.diki.pl/dictionary/collocations/account/noun/detailed%20account%2Cpersonal%20account/semantic-12/true%20account | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.724648 | 240 | 2.203125 | 2 |
A new research shows that the first vertebrate hosts of malaria were reptiles including dinosaurs
A new research on the history of malaria’s evolution has revealed that the disease first affected insects nearly 100 million years ago and the first vertebrate hosts of the disease were reptiles, including dinosaurs. The research provides clues on malaria’s modern-day life cycle and how its transmission through vectors can be reduced.
“By knowing that malaria is so old and evolved in insect vectors, we can concentrate on using its stages in the mosquito rather than in humans for genetic manipulation and control,” George Poinar, lead author of the study and a researcher at the College of Science at the Oregon State University, said.
Till now, malaria was thought to be very recent, anywhere between 15,000 years and eight million years old. Its most common vector is the anopheles mosquito and most common cause is plasmodium, a genus within the kingdom protozoa.
Poinar’s study was triggered after a discovery in Asia. “It comes from our earlier discovery of a biting midge vector containing the developing stages of a malarial parasite in a 100-million-year-old amber from Burma. There were malaria stages (developing stages of oocysts and sporozoites) inside the biting midge,” Poinarg said.
In their 2007 book What bugged the dinosaurs? Insects, disease and death in the cretaceous, Poinar and his wife, Roberta, have also pointed out that malaria and evolution of blood sucking insects could be one among the many factors that led to the extinction of dinosaurs.
“There were catastrophic events known to have happened around that time, such as asteroid impacts and lava flows,” Poinar said, in a press release by Oregon. “But it’s clear that dinosaurs declined and slowly became extinct over thousands of years, which suggests other issues must also have been at work. Insects, microbial pathogens and vertebrate diseases were just emerging around that same time, including malaria,” he added.
In fact, new research suggests that avian malaria is responsible for extinction of many bird species in Hawaii, lending credence to Poinar’s similar hypotheses for dinosaurs.
Malaria kills more than 400,000 people a year. In 2015 alone, 214 million cases were recorded worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.
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India Environment Portal Resources :
Comments are moderated and will be published only after the site moderator’s approval. Please use a genuine email ID and provide your name. Selected comments may also be used in the ‘Letters’ section of the Down To Earth print edition. | <urn:uuid:2881e552-ab12-4e2e-817e-fa12f2dd37e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/health/did-dinosaurs-go-extinct-due-to-malaria--53364 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.969266 | 621 | 4.125 | 4 |
Superficial, misleading, one-sided too often, that was Washington Post news coverage of Israel and Arab-Israeli affairs in late November and early December.
A Post weakness, going back to the 1970s, is news coverage (as opposed to editorials) skewed toward the Palestinian Arab narrative and away from Israeli concerns. This falls output of agenda journalism (public relations by another name) has been especially noteworthy.
CAMERAs October 25 Post-Watch, Washington Post Airbrushes Exchanged Palestinian Prisoners and November 17s Post-Watch, Washington Post Israel Coverage: All Hole, No Bagel highlighted earlier problems.
Now come three more examples. Flawed to those familiar with the issues involved, their potential to mislead general audiences is significant.
Eyes In The Sky: Drones Cast A Pall of Fear, December 4, by former Post Jerusalem bureau chief, more recently White House reporter, Scott Wilson:
This huge spread, beginning top center of page one in the Sunday paper (largest readership of the week) and occupying most of two pages inside, is an installment in an occasional series about the expanding use of remotely piloted vehicles by the United States and others. But its also an example of the papers tendency to equate Israeli defense with Palestinian aggression and to parrot Palestinian factoids without journalistic scrutiny.
* An accompanying page-one map erroneously claimed that Israel withdrew from Gaza in 2005, but still controls all border crossings .... CAMERA obtained a correction, noting that the crossing at Rafah has been under Palestinian-Egyptian control since 2005. The Post covered the U.S.-mediated agreement leading to the first instance of control by Gazans of an international crossing in the history of the Strip, so what accounted for this basic error? Perhaps The Posts continuing desire to believe that Israel in the view of a Palestinian human rights advocate quoted by Wilson still legally occupies Gaza despite having pulled its soldiers and settlers out.
* The Post cites statistics from the Palestinian Center for Human Rights claiming that 825 people have been killed by drones in Gaza since the capture of [Israeli army Sgt. Gilead] Shalit in 2006. (Shalit was exchanged for more than 1,000 Palestinian terrorists earlier this year.) Most of those killed, according to the organization, have been civilians mistakenly targeted or caught in the deadly shrapnel shower of a drone strike.
The Post would have readers infer that 825 killed by drones, most of them civilians, are authoritative figures. But PCHR is an unreliable source. Or rather, its reliably anti-Israel. The center has a habit of counting Palestinian combatant casualties as civilian, of favoring Hamas over Israel, and describing Israeli counter-terrorism operations as war crimes. See, for example, CAMERAs Backgrounders, PCHR Covers Up Combatant Deaths in Gaza, Aug. 25, 2011, and Gaza Casualties: Civilian or Combatant? Jan. 29, 2009.
* Drones Cast A Pall Of Fear repeatedly refers to Palestinian militants and Islamist militants under Israeli observation in the Gaza Strip. The article mentions Hamas and Islamic Jihad, but never says that both are designated as terrorist organizations by the United States as well as by Israel. For The Post, there are Islamist foot soldiers and armed men in Gaza but no Palestinian terrorists.
* Militants and Israelis, the article implies, are equally culpable. The paper claims there is call-and-response conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, the missile fire has repeatedly provoked Israel to invade [the Gaza Strip]. And as the Palestinian rocket arsenal improves, more Israeli cities, from the border town of Sderot to the southern suburbs of Tel Aviv, are sharing Gazans everyday fear of attack from the sky.
But Arabs in the Strip would have no everyday fear of attack from the sky, there would be no invasive Israel response to the call of Palestinian rocket fire, if Israelis had not been under chronic bombardment from Gaza for much of the past decade. One side is the aggressor and chronically commits terrorism against civilians, and one side responds, including with drones. Post language repeatedly softens Palestinian guilt.
The newspaper notes that the Israeli military says it works hard to distinguish between militants and civilians, but that the task is made harder because many of those who fire rockets from Gaza operate amid the fields and houses of residential neighborhoods. But The Post does not remind readers that basing combatants among civilians violates international law.
* Though the article avoids earlier Post practice of describing the Gaza Strip, erroneously, as one of the worlds most densely populated places, it does refer to this crowded strip of land in which Palestinian Arabs live in cramped refugee camps, breeze-block houses and high-rise apartments built among olive orchards, palm groves and roiling dunes. An Israeli military officer says Gaza is a very dense urban environment with civilians and terrorists mixed together ....
As CAMERA has pointed out previously, theres nothing particularly noteworthy about Gazas population density. At around 10,000 people per square mile, its a little more crowded than Washington, D.C., not so crowded as Tel Aviv and many times less cramped that Manhattans Upper East Side.
And if Gazans still live in refugee camps actually permanent if dense and drab neighborhoods three generations after the Arabs unsuccessful war against Israel in 1948-49, its because the Palestinian Liberation Organization terrorized those who wanted to move into new neighborhoods built by Israel after 1967, and because the Palestinian Authority has refused to construct any refugee housing with the billions of dollars in foreign aid its received since 1994.
Censoring dissent from the status quo
In Israel, concerns grow about stifling of dissent; Threats against anti-settlement activist come amid legal proposals that some say are aimed at governments leftist critics, November 27, by Joel Greenberg of The Posts Jerusalem bureau.
This long news-feature (at 1,122 words nearly magazine length) takes a legitimate news item death threats to Hagit Ofran, Israels Peace Now settlement monitor and spins a tale of endangered civil liberties in the Jewish state.
* Greenberg reports the basics about threats against Ofran in five of the articles 24 paragraphs. But he levers them into something allegedly emblematic of the extremist challenge to Israeli democracy and the unlearned lessons of the [Prime Minister Yitzhak] Rabin assassination in 1995. The threats have come as rightist members of parliament are working to advance legislation that would restrict or heavily tax donations by foreign governments to Israeli nonprofit groups. Critics call the move an attempt to cripple human rights organizations and leftist groups such as Peace Now that challenge the policies of Israels right-leaning government, particularly in the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
Greenberg highlights Ofran addressing a rally in Tel Aviv marking the anniversary of Rabins assassination ... [claiming] that the latest rightist initiatives in parliament were part of an attempt to silence public debate, and had inspired violence and threats against dissenters.
The Post says critics call the move [to limit foreign funding of NGOs] an attempt to cripple human rights organizations. It doesnt examine those organizations bona fides some groups, as Israels NGO-Monitor ( http://www.ngo-monitor.org/index.php ) has documented, are more anti-government and pro-Palestinian than they are human rights advocates. The paper virtually censors proponents of the legislation, who claim to be leveling the playing field against groups subsidized by foreign government opposed to the outcome of Israeli elections.
* The Post provides little detail or context about the legislative proposals allegedly threatening Israeli democracy. Actually at issue were three proposals:
One would limit by taxation or restriction the influence of foreign governments generally European Union members and the E.U. itself that fund a number of Israeli non-profit organizations opposed, like Peace Now, to policies pursued by Israels democratically-elected government. In the United States, such groups would be required to register as foreign agents or face criminal prosecution. For example, The Posts Va. man pleads guilty in Pakistan lobbying case; Nonprofit chief failed to report Islamabad funds, prosecutors say, (December 8), contained no hint that American democracy had been endangered when Syed Ghulam Nabi Fai, executive director of the Kashmiri American Council, pled guilty to attempting to influence Congress on behalf of a front for Pakistani intelligence.
A second Knesset proposal would require that hearings for Israeli Supreme Court nominees be conducted by panels with representatives from the major political parties. The Post doesnt mention the obvious: In the United States, hearings of judicial nominees conducted by only Democrats or only Republicans would be out of the question.
And the third bill would increase financial penalties for those found to be knowingly guilty in libel cases. Given the free-wheeling nature of the Israeli press, such a boost might cause second thoughts, but stifle dissent? The Washington Post gives Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu two sentences to dismiss as overblown opposition charges that the government was trying to stifle dissent. The Jerusalem Post, in a page one article five days earlier, gave him five paragraphs, including No one will tell anyone what to think, what to write, what to investigate, what to broadcast .... I will protect democracy, guard freedom of expression, ensure the rights of the minority and allow all parts of the nation to express themselves.
* After the six-column headline, under a four-column color picture of Ofran, The Washington Post acknowledges, deep in the article, that following expressions of concern from foreign diplomats, Netanyahu has stalled cabinet endorsement of the bill limiting foreign funding of nonprofit groups. Close to the end of the story, readers are told that the public security minister said threats against Ofran and Peace Now were under vigorous investigation and a suspect had been arrested.
The point of The Posts alarm emerges in the last three paragraphs. These concede that while Ofran is concerned about the threat of rightist violence, she sees her main foes as public indifference to the settlement enterprise, based on disillusionment over peace diplomacy with the Palestinian Arabs. Stifling dissent turns out to be a news peg for one more anti-settlements dispatch.
Preserving a disputed heritage; With membership in UNESCO, Palestinians seek greater control of ancient West Bank landmarks, November 22, by Greenberg. Journalists who never would fall for Holocaust revisionism parrot Middle East revisionism when it seems to support the Palestinian narrative. The Post does just that with this lead The World section article. It implies an ancient Palestinian Arab history that never existed.
At a museum just off the desert road from Jerusalem to Jericho in the West Bank, the artifacts of a contested heritage are on display, reads Greenbergs lead. Colorful mosaic floors from Byzantine-era churches and synagogues, Roman capitals and stone burial boxes all dug up by Israeli archaeologists in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip are shown at the site, developed by Israels West Bank military administration with the Israeli antiquities authority ....
But now, after more than 40 years of Israeli occupation, Palestinians are making a bid for greater control of the West Banks historical and archaeological landmarks, which they are claiming as their own.
Never mind the gratuitous lower case denigration of the Israel Antiquities Authority. The Post declines to examine the ahistorical Palestinian claim to archaeological landmarks in Judea and Samaria (renamed the West Bank by Jordanian occupiers in the 1950s). This even though the articles lead noted that the mosaic floors were Byzantine, from churches and synagogues, that the columns were Roman, that the archaeologists who found them were Israeli.
The Qumran caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered; King Herods Judean retreat of Herodium; the old quarter of Hebron, including the Tomb of the Patriarchs; Rachels Tomb near Bethlehem and the towns Church of the Nativity these and more the Palestinian Authority hopes to hijack through its new membership in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
With the exception of the Church of the Nativity these obviously are ancient Jewish sites. The church given the dramatic shrinkage of Bethlehems Christian Arab population under the PA and the shrines occupation and trashing by Palestinian gunmen during the second intifada has little connection to a Palestinian heritage. But this The Post does not report.
Palestinian Arab national history, like that of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, is a 20th century political phenomenon. On this central point The Post is mute, but the Arabs of British Mandatory Palestine were not. The First Congress of Muslim-Christian Associations in Jerusalem, meeting in 1919 to choose delegates to the post-World War I Paris Peace Conference, declared:
We consider Palestine as part of Arab Syria, as it has never been separated from it at any time. We are connected with it by national, religious, linguistic, natural, economic and geographic bonds.
In 1947, when the United Nations was discussing its partition plan for the Mandate, the Arab Higher Committee asserted that Palestine was part of the province of Syria and politically, the Arabs of Palestine were not independent in the sense of forming a separate national political identity.
And, of course, there is Palestine Liberation Organization executive committee member Zahir Muhseins oft-quoted 1977 interview with the Dutch newspaper Trouw, in which he said the Palestinian people does not exist. The creation of a Palestinian state is only a means for continuing our struggle against the state of Israel for our Arab unity. In reality today there is no difference between Jordanians, Palestinians, Syrians and Lebanese. Only for political and tactical reasons do we speak today about the existence of a Palestinian people, since Arab national interests demand that we posit the existence of a distinct Palestinian people to oppose Zionism.
There never was a sovereign country called Palestine. The term itself was used by Rome after the second Jewish war, 132 - 135 C.E., to erase the memory of the Jews and Judea in favor of a Latin allusion to the long-vanished Philistines. The Philistines were a non-Arab, pre-Islamic people from the Mediterranean islands who settled in what is now the Gaza Strip and its environs around 1,200 B.C.E. and periodically fought the biblical Israelites until being destroyed by Babylonia 600 years later.
Before the 20th century, in particular before Israels re-creation in 1948 and conquest of Judea and Samaria and the Gaza Strip in 1967, there was no discrete Palestinian Arab nationality or culture. So there can be no Palestinian antiquities and no Palestinian heritage that includes ancient West Bank landmarks. There is, however, more than 3,000 years of Jewish history, centering on Judea and Samaria.
Not that a reader could learn this from The Post. News reporting is who, what, when, where, why and how, in context, as comprehensively as possible in the space allowed. The Post claims the disputed political future of the West Bank has made heritage preservation a point of contention. In fact Palestinian heritage preservation is less contentious than specious. If the devils in the details, understanding is in context, which The Post unjournalistically avoids in this and its December 4 and November 27 efforts. | <urn:uuid:62df3d7e-2fde-44a6-a669-61810ba2c2a0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=38&x_article=2171 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00385-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949518 | 3,089 | 1.695313 | 2 |
God is Creator. God created ALL of creation and that includes each and every one of His children. Wow. If you sit back and think about every single thing God created, it can be overwhelming … but it can also be inspiring.
God created each of us to be creators as we are all created in His image. He made us on purpose for a purpose. How incredible is that?
Children are equipped with what can seem like unlimited imaginations. They have an incredible ability to stretch their minds and be filled with the wonder of all that is around them. One way to harness that imagination is to explore creativity through art.
What’s more Thanksgiving-y than handmade turkeys? These crafts will help get the children in your ministry into the Thanksgiving spirit!
- This cute Thanksgiving turkey puppet not only makes something fun for kids to play with, it’s a great way to exercise gratitude!
- Kids can make this adorable turkey ring with only a pom ball, googly eyes, fuzzy sticks, and pieces of foam! Because they are easy to make, kids can make one for a friend too.
- These vibrant coffee filter turkeys are easy to make and fun to look at, so kids will be excited to share them. Get the directions.
- Turkey Day favors are a fun craft to make for kids to keep for themselves or give to a friend! Because giving to others is a great thing to learn to do!
- Use your students’ handprints to create turkey feathers and pin them to a headband that kids can run around in! And because running around is fun, they are sure to be a hit! Find out how to make the Thanksgiving headbands here.
- This turkey craft only takes some simple cutting and coloring to turn regular paper into an awesome sitting turkey, so this craft is a keeper.
- Try this sponge painting technique to make turkeys out of paper plates! Here are the instructions.
There are many ways to share these craft ideas with the families you serve. You can have a Gobble Gathering on a designated night in a large room at your church. Invite families to come together or host a special kids-only event. Serve a simple snack like individual cups of popcorn and apple cider as you welcome everyone. Several tables can be set up throughout the room with a different craft at each table. Participants can rotate around the room, choosing crafts they would like to create.
Here’s a prayer you can use to kick off the event: God, You are so wonderful! Thank You for bringing us all together to use our creativity and imaginations. You are the ultimate creator and You created each one of us to create as well. Bless our time together. Amen.
Another option is to create Craft Kits and send home a small bag of supplies for one of the crafts so families can create them together. You can also choose to send the above links to families via email, text, or within any group chats you have for your ministry.
However you choose to share, encourage your families and kids to embrace the creativity that our loving Creator God has shared with each of them.
Other Thanksgiving Articles you may like:
- The Wonder of Gratitude at Thanksgiving
- 10 Uplifting Ways Kids Can Bless Others This Thanksgiving
- 36 Thanksgiving Games, Crafts, and Snacks to Delight Kids | <urn:uuid:62c560e5-3c8c-4b52-9be2-1ee6054dd28f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ministryspark.com/wonder-imagination-thanksgiving/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.942684 | 699 | 2.28125 | 2 |
During the initial consultation, the surgeon will discuss the steps involved in the procedure. Experienced plastic surgeon Dr. Paul McCluskey provides nose reshaping to patients in Atlanta, Buckhead, Georgia, and surrounding communities.
Generally, closed rhinoplasty is the preferred technique as it involves placing all surgical incisions within the nose which eliminates the possibility of external scarring. Though the incisions are discreet, the surgeon still has access to most parts of the nose to perform a wide range of aesthetic and structural corrections.
An open rhinoplasty procedure provides the surgeon more access to the bone and cartilage of the nose, but it will cause some scarring. The surgeon places an incision across the columella (the area of cartilage that is located between the nostrils). This allows the surgeon to lift the skin of the nasal tip and reshape the cartilage accurately.
Advanced rhinoplasty techniques involve the use of high-powered tools to make small changes to the bone. These devices cause fewer disturbances to the surrounding tissue. The surgeon can often address a nasal injury or correct a deviated septum without the need to re-fracture the nose.
Nose reshaping cosmetic surgery procedure steps can differ for each patient as there are various surgical approaches and diverse treatment goals. But some steps are typical to all nose jobs.
Rhinoplasty patients can receive anesthesia by one of the following two sedation methods:
- General anesthesia: This type of anesthesia is administered with a mask or IV. General anesthesia makes the patient entirely unconscious.
- IV sedation: In this method, the doctor numbs the patient’s face with local anesthetic and administers a potent intravenous sedative. The patient will find themselves in a “twilight sleep” implying that they will remember very little if anything at all, regarding the procedure when the effects of the medication subside.
Surgeons engage closely with every patient to establish the most suitable type of anesthesia for their individual needs. Both these methods are successful in not allowing the patient to feel any pain during the surgery. Additionally, some patients may feel less anxious with the knowledge that they will be fully asleep during the procedure.
Post-sedation, the surgeon places small incisions within the columella or nostrils. They will then cautiously lift the skin to gain access to the cartilage and bone underneath. Then the surgeon can graft or remove tissues, as required.
A surgeon usually utilizes conservative techniques to minimize any impact on the surrounding tissues while simultaneously accomplishing the desired outcomes. After the reshaping process is done, the surgeon lays the skin back over the new nasal contours and seals the incisions.
It is important to preserve the changes to the nasal tissue in the first few days after the nose surgery. The surgeon will place a splint in the nose to help in the retention of the new nose shape after sealing the incisions. In certain cases, the surgeon may also place pieces of gauze (nasal packing) within the nostrils.
Dedicated plastic surgeon Dr. Paul McCluskey receives patients from Atlanta, Buckhead, Georgia, and nearby areas for nose reshaping surgery.
Serving patients in and around Atlanta, Buckhead, Roswell, Marietta, Georgia and surrounding areas. | <urn:uuid:ee5e5454-42ac-4914-b693-7cb4a7b9a05b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://psiatlanta.com/nose-reshaping-plastic-surgery-procedure-steps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.930876 | 719 | 1.859375 | 2 |
A decline in the population of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in southcentral Iowa necessitated more current estimates of population parameters. Survival of 126 eastern wild turkey hens in southcentral Iowa was investigated during 1993-96. Estimates of annual survival averaged 0.676 ?? 0.048% (x?? ?? SE) for adults and 0.713 ?? 0.125 for subadults. Mammalian predators, primarily coyotes (Canis latrans) and red fox (Vulpes fulva) accounted for 64% of all documented mortality. Age-specific annual survival distributions differed within years (P < 0.03), but no difference was detected in survival between age classes across years (P = 0.49). Based on chronological dates, survival of adult hens differed among seasons across years (P = 0.03). However, seasonal survival was not different when estimates were based on hen behavior (p = 0.48). Risk of mortality for hens increased by 2.0% for every 100-m increase in dispersal distance, decreased by 2.0% for every 10-ha increase in home range size, and decreased by 3.5% for each 1.0% increase in proportion of home range in woody cover. Although the exact cause of the population decline remains unknown, we suggest it was more likely related to a decrease in production than changes in hen survival. Declining turkey populations would likely benefit more from management designed to increase reproduction rather than hen survival.
Additional publication details
Factors influencing wild turkey hen survival in southcentral Iowa | <urn:uuid:2d730097-4897-4061-a3ea-19ad80e1218b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70021693 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00405-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923002 | 327 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Discussion in 'Asia' started by Said1, May 7, 2005.
Among other things.
Just out of curiosity, can Candu reactors make weapons-grade materials? I know they can burn plutonium for fuel (or something).......is that important?
All nuclear reactor fuel can be enriched to produce weapons grade material. I am not familar with the Canadian reactor sales to China. Did Canada also provide the nuclear fuel without an agreement to get it back when it was expended? If Canada did supply the Chinese with nuclear fuel with no return provision, then it has contributed to nuke weapons proliferation.
That's a good question, I have no idea.
Here's a link with some good info:http://www.ccnr.org/myth_4.html
Separate names with a comma. | <urn:uuid:63f56b61-54b5-4241-a371-32487513525b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.usmessageboard.com/threads/chinas-nukes-made-in-canada.20580/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00127-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935467 | 168 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Ongoing research by Tiffany Field, PhD, of the University of Miami School of Medicine, has shown that massage is effective in reducing stress, depression, anxiety, pain and in boosting the immune system. Field believes that massage accomplishes these various healthful effects by prompting the body to release serotonin and decrease the stress hormone cortisol. When cortisol decreases, stress is reduced and immune cells are stimulated.
Herban Lifestyle Baby™’s new baby oil is perfect for giving your baby a massage. It is made from organic oil, lightly scented with pure organic essential oils. As one of our customers said, “We used the baby oil on [our baby] James. He was a happy little clam after bath time!”
For more information on the benefits of infant massage and local resources for learning infant, visit the Infant Massage USA website.
Note: Portions of this article originally appeared in my other blog, Becoming Your StellarSelf. | <urn:uuid:f59ffa5d-154d-4317-a81b-97bed634c9e0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://herbanlifestyle.wordpress.com/2009/06/08/infant-massage-makes-babies-happy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00553-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927531 | 197 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The Mysterious World of Caves and Caverns: Ancient Man's Home Sweet Home (Slideshow)
Image credit: Philippe Bourseiller/Getty Images
There is, perhaps, nothing more primordial than a crackling fire in an otherwise-dark cave. Before civilization, before agriculture, we are told, humans sought shelter and found it in caves. They were humankind's first homes—and they continue to inspire our imaginations today. | <urn:uuid:19c4c530-f841-43d1-957c-0d3ebd7a7afc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/the-mysterious-world-of-caves-and-caverns-ancient-mans-home-sweet-home-slideshow.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00262-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.909998 | 89 | 2.015625 | 2 |
I just read an article in the local Springfield, IL newspaper about the cutting-edge treatments, counseling and care offered to Alzheimer’s disease patients at SIU’s Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders. As this horrible disease has personally affected every member of my family since my mother’s diagnosis to her death, I’m grateful to see dementia research being done right here in my own home town. Currently a clinical trial is underway at SIU’s Center for Alzheimer’s Disease for a new drug called bapineuzumab with hopes it will slow the progression of brain degeneration associated with Alzheimer’s. Only 5,000 Alzheimer’s patients worldwide are currently being tested with this new drug, and some of them are right here in Springfield, Illinois. One gentleman participating in the trial named Ben Poore is profiled in the article. God bless him!
This article also cited an interesting statistic I have not seen previously: 5,000 Illinoisans in Sangamon County alone are currently afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease. That number seems like a lot to me and is roughly 2.5% of the county’s 195,716 population. It reminds me I am not alone in my experience with this devastating illness, even in my own little neck of the woods.
Source and image courtesy State Journal-Register, “Support center: SIU’s Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders gives patients access to cutting-edge treatments, counseling and care”, January 5, 2011
Image: SIU School of Medicine | <urn:uuid:d9631331-8765-47b1-b4c7-b23f667f29bc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.authorkathleenhwheeler.com/tag/center-for-alzheimers-disease-and-related-disorders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00332-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939976 | 332 | 1.734375 | 2 |
By being prepared and having handy solutions in mind, you can limit the damage a dust allergy causes. Let us look at some tips that can help you prevent dust allergies.
Clean air conditioners and fan blades- These are difficult to clean on regular basis but, to prevent dust allergy, you should clean air conditioners and fan blades weekly! If you do not clean your ac shafts and the top of your fans, you are going to land up with a house full of dust.
Clean Carpets- Carpets are dust magnets. Dust collects on the surface and even below the carpet. To avoid spreading dust allergy via carpets, vacuum it daily and be sure to use a vacuum with a powerful filter. To prevent dust allergy through carpets, rely on the hard wood floor or tiling.
Points to remember:
1. Make sure your bedroom is not in the basement or in a damp location. See that your bedroom is in a sunny, warm place and preferably on a higher floor. The lower levels are more susceptible to dust formations. Sunlight kills germs and bacteria that spread allergies. So, have a clean room that has air ventilation.
2. Avoid soft toys. Your children might be inseparable from them, but the soft toys might be the reason behind their incessant coughs and colds. Dust particles and mites, collect very easily on the surface of the soft toys and once your child inhales it, he will be automatically allergic.
3. If you are prone to dust allergy, you should wash the curtains. Your curtains are closest to the balcony or the traffic on the roads and all the dust settles on them easily. Be sure to wash your curtains in warm water once in a week to keep your surroundings fresh.
4. Change bed sheets and pillow covers. People allergic to dust should always clean the mattress regularly. Change bed sheet covers once every week. Also put the mattress and pillow under bright sun to kill bacteria and remove dust particles.
5. Consult your doctor. Precautions might help only to an but, if the allergy doesn't cure, you should consult your doctor.
The key to maintaining a dust free life is regular cleaning and treating allergies on time. If your procrastinate dealing with your allergy, it will only get worse. So, invest some time and you will be dust free once again! | <urn:uuid:64e7abba-305a-42c9-934f-cd03ae0207c5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.boldsky.com/health/wellness/2012/prevent-dust-allergy-029609.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00117-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921754 | 482 | 2.359375 | 2 |
- Museums/ Web
|Art - Finding Journal Articles and Citations
General instruction for locating periodical articles is provided in the "How to Find Articles" research
guide. The following information is specific to the topic of Art.
To add additional subjects to the "ART" results linked below or
to change the subjects, in each database use the Subject Terms, Thesaurus or More>Indexes links in the top menu bar. Then search your broad topic and
drill down through available subjects.
Search Complete: ART (22,600+ results)
- To Select and Use Subject Terms for Art (shown right): Click Subject Terms in the top menu. Type art in the Browsing text
box, choose Relevancy Ranked, and then click Browse. From the list of subject terms, click 'Art' to view hundreds of narrower terms.
Review and mark the checkboxes that identify your topic(s). Click the Add button to add the subjects in the search text box. Click Search.
History and Life with Full Text: ART (4,500+ results)
Sample Subject Heading: Art--History, Art & History, Arts--United States
in Context: ARTISTS, ARTISTIC DIRECTOR, ART MUSEUM CURATOR...
- (~4,340 entries for art/artist topic) Browse
- Google Scholar Free on the Web
- Peer-reviewed articles; some indexing, some free full text; links to ORU database articles
Abstracts with Full Text: ART (5,100+ results)
International Complete: ART (nearly 15,000 results)
Subject Terms: Click the Thesaurus in the top menu. Type "art" in
the browsing text box. Review and select from hundreds of narrower, broader, and related "art" terms.
|Art - Finding Reference Materials
- CQ Researcher:
Arts Education: Does arts training improve social and academic skills?
- Credo Reference: Topic Pages for Art
- · View Theatre concept
· View Renaissance concept
- Gale Virtual Reference Library: Arts
of View Reference Center: Arts
& Culture counterpoint
In the Library
Try a subject search for "art,"
similar subjects, in the library catalog, and then browse and select subjects of interest to you.
Browse the Reference Collection, LRC-4th floor.
Most art books are found in the N call number section.
|Library of Congress Call Numbers and Subject Headings for Art
|Visual Art (general)
N 5300 - N 5700
|Drawing (design, advertising, cartoons, posters)
|Print Media (woodcuts, lithography, engravings)
NK 3700 - NK 4695
|Ceramics, Pottery, Porcelain
|Arts in Combination
|1998 Films as Art
TP 700's, 800's
To find specific reference titles, use the Library catalog and limit your results
to "Reference Collection." Once you find a book, use the Table of Contents and Index(es) to find your topic or subject in the book and to see
how it relates to other topics.
Reference books cannot be checked out; however, some titles may have a duplicate in the main collection that is available
for checkout. Search the title you need in the library catalog to see if the book is located elsewhere in the library and available for checkout. Books
are shelved in Library of Congress (LC) call number order, so similar subjects will be shelved next to each other.
View a Sample List of Books in the Reference Collection
- American Art: History, Reference and Culture- N6505.C7 LRC-R
- The Biographical Directory of Native American Painters -N6536.L47 LRC-R
- The Bulfinch Guide to Art History- N380.B78 LRC-R
- Calendar of Creative Man - NX447.5.P38 LRC-R
- Dictionary of Abstract Painting - ND35.B4 LRC-R
- Dictionary of Modern Painting - ND30.D515 LRC-R
- A Dictionary of Symbols - BF1623.S9C513 LRC-R
- Dictionary of Symbols - BL603.L5413 LRC-R
- Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography - N7560.E53 LRC-R
- Encyclopedia of World Art- N31.E4833 LRC-R
- Index to Reproductions of American Paintings - ND205.S575 LRC-R
- The Illustrated Book of Signs & Symbols - P99.B78 LRC-R
- International Dictionary of Art and Artists - N7425.I67 LRC-R
- McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Art - N33.M23 LRC-R
- The Oxford Companion to Christian Art and Architecture-N7830.M87 LRC-R
- The Oxford Dictionary of Art - N33.O93 LRC-R
- Praeger Encyclopedia of Art - N33.P68 LRC-R
- Who’s Who in American Art - N6536.W5 LRC-R
See also: Library of Congress Classification
Outline: Class N - Fine Art or the ORU Modified LC Outline
General instruction for locating ebooks is provided in the "How to Find Books & eBooks" research guide. The
following information is specific to the topic of Art.
- ebrary: Drawing, Design, Illustration ~94
ebrary: Fine Arts ~1,661
Technology and the Arts ~6 ebooks
ebrary: Visual Arts ~494
- For a list of books on your desired
subject, use the All Subjects link and drill down through the subjects.
- To browse ebook titles in a specific call number section (shown right):
Use Advanced search. Change Search in menu to LC Call Number. Type
the call numbers (see LC outlines). Click Search
- To view the 20 most relevant chapters from your result list: Do a search. When you have a list of results, click the Chapter
- Combine keyword and subject searching to focus your results.
Collection: Arts & Architecture ~194 ebooks
|Art - Finding Journals and Periodicals
General instruction for locating periodical articles is provided in the "How to Find Periodicals" research guide. The
following information is specific to the topic of Art.
- The ORU Publication Finder includes
journals, magazines, trade publications, etc. available at ORU. Try a title keyword search or use the Subjects link to drill down through the subjects.
- To access the journal full text, click a database link below the journal title and follow the links to the full text.
- Sample Titles by Subject:
- Fine Arts ~537
Architecture ~69 periodical titles
Drawing, Design, Illustration ~22 periodical titles
- Sample Journal Titles
of Postmodern Cultural Sound, Text and Image
- National Museum of American Illustration
- NYPL Digital Collections Callery website (New York public Library)
- Smithsonian American Art Museum
- Vatican Museums
- WebMuseum: Famous Artworks Exhibition
- Photosynth (Microsoft)
3D views of museums, collections, historical places, parks, towers, bridges, and more.
& Architecture Thesaurus Online (The Getty Research Institute)
- Arts and Humanities Research Council
- Art Images for College Teachers (AICT) by Allan T. Kohl
- Art categories include Ancient, Medieval Era, Renaissance &
Baroque, and more.
- Art Online: The Fine Art Directory
- Art on the Net
- The site represents 100+ artists from around the world. Includes performance artists, poets, musicians, painters, sculptors, digital artists, animators
- Coleccion Cisneros.org
- A Program of the Foundation Cisneros. Explores the modern art of Latin America.
- Cyburbia: Internet Resources for the Built Environment
A large selection of Internet resources on architecture and other topics. Provided by Urban Insight and University of Buffalo School of Architecture
- Digital Library for the Decorative Arts and Material Culture
Focuses on early American decorative arts and contains primary resource documents, image collections, virtual exhibits and more.
- FindArticles.com: Arts & Entertainment
Browse full text articles in Art in America, Art Journal, Art Forum and more.
- LACMA Collections Online (Los Angeles County Museum of Art Collection)
Includes more than 66,800 artworks organized by artists, centers, department, special holdings and online exhibitions.
- National Gallery of Art (Washington D.C.)
- Photo Study Collection Database
- Photographic Libraries
- Timeline of Art History (from the Metropolitan Museum of Art)
- Web Gallery of Art
Contains more than "13,900 digital reproductions of European paintings and sculptures created between the years 1150 and 1800."
Includes biographies of significant artists, guided tours, and more.
- WebMuseum, Paris: Impressionism
- World Art Treasures
Includes a slide library with
"100,000 slides belonging to the Jacques-Edouard Berger Foundation," with themes of main civilizations, such as Egypt, China, Japan, India,
and Europe. Contains audio's, essays, and more.
Click the to link to the vendor's database descriptions. | <urn:uuid:938bb0eb-6c52-4844-9739-d7d864a3e2cb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://web.oru.edu/library/guides/artRes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00114-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.732838 | 1,991 | 2.75 | 3 |
CHICAGO (AP) — The Environmental Protection Agency has reached an agreement with a northern Illinois battery company to clean up a warehouse where a June fire led to the evacuation of thousands of nearby residents, the agency said Thursday.
Superior Battery in Morris will perform the work under EPA supervision, the agency said.
The warehouse contains 100 tons of various types of batteries, including some containing lithium, as well as solar panels, waste electronics and other materials. Lithium batteries are a safety and fire hazard because they contain a flammable electrolyte and might become pressurized when damaged, causing them to rupture, the EPA said. Rupture of the batteries might cause them to overheat and catch fire or explode.
The agreement requires Superior Battery to clean up hazardous and potentially hazardous substances from the burned materials at its warehouse. The company also must perform sampling and analysis of waste, soil, burned material, asbestos, storm water, and air, the EPA said. All waste will be shipped off-site for disposal.
Some 3,000 to 4,000 nearby residents were evacuated from their homes for three days because of the fire.
The company’s owner, Jin Zheng, apologized for the disruption the fire had on the lives of those who live and work near the warehouse. | <urn:uuid:8c760a7b-f43f-4da3-a800-4cc45c64fddb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation/epa-strikes-deal-for-cleanup-of-battery-site-that-burned/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.960741 | 262 | 1.570313 | 2 |
recorded by Pliny the Elder (HN
3.109) and by the Peutinger Table
, is on the bank of the Aniene at the foot of
the Simbruini mountains, about 70 km from Rome. Nero
had a villa constructed here (Tac. Ann
. 14.22; Frontin.
. 93), already completed in A.D. 60. The villa, of
which there survive conspicuous remnants, was built as
a series of detached buildings and rooms of varying
height along the shores of two or more artificial lakes
created by enlarging the Aniene with two or three dams;
one is the tallest known Roman example (ca. 42 m).
Three nuclei have been noted on the left bank. One, perhaps a viridarium, is in the locality called Pianello. A
second, very large, is in the locality called Casa delle
Streghe, and is made up of a nymphaeum-veranda above
and a series of rooms for habitation arranged along a
windowed corridor below. A third, which is much less
well known, is in the locality called S. Lorenzo where the
Via Sublacensis passed. On the right bank were placed
a like number of buildings, two on the upper part and
one on the lower. Only the first two have been explored.
One includes an ample room from which comes the celebrated Ephebe of Subiaco, near the ditch of S. Croce.
The other is a complex of rooms giving on a gallery, before the Casa delle Streghe and the terminus of the first
dam. The villa was inhabited until the late Imperial period and was later among the first refuges of St. Benedict, who founded nearby the important convent of S. Scolastica. In the lower part of the villa grew up the
medieaval nucleus of Subiaco. The sculptures found in
the villa are preserved in the Museo Nazional Romano
L. Canina, Gli edifizi antichi nei contorni di Roma
, V (1856) 137-39MPI
; R. Lanciani, NSc
(1883) 19-20; G. Fiorelli, NSc
(1884) 425-27; H. Philipp, RE
IV A (1931) 480; EAA
7 (1966) 537-38 (M. Torelli); N. Smith, “The Roman Dams of Subiaco,” Technology and Culture
11 (1970) 56-68. | <urn:uuid:b6a09c58-76c0-4764-9620-fd072feb4397> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0006%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DS%3Aentry+group%3D10%3Aentry%3Dsublaqueum | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.934757 | 600 | 2.25 | 2 |
Depending on the design, the cutting can be very complex.
Since a leather skin has a non-uniform outer contour - there are defects in the leather and not all areas of the skin are of the same quality or have the same grain pattern - the art of cutting leather lies in the optimal area yield, while taking all these aspects into consideration.
Natural markings on leather are marked and spared during cutting.
A cutter must check the skin on both sides for defects. These can be colour defects or damages in the skin. Cutting lines must be chosen in such a way that the finished objects have a similar grain pattern. A cutter must select the better parts of the hide for the areas of upholstery that will get the most use, like seats and armrests. This must all be done whike ensuring the smallest possible amount of cutting waste. Leather is sold by surface, and cutting waste increases costs. In the furniture and vehicle sector, the waste is generally between 30 and 45%. Smaller skins with larger blanks usually incur more wastage.
Some manufacturers point to the natural characteristics of the leather and leave them visible in the blanks as long as the stability of the leather is ensured. In such cases, the waste is reduced and the consumer does not get any bad leather. The customer is only required to be sufficiently informed and does not consider such surface differences as defective.
When cutting, care must be taken that the grain structure is not too different. Here, it depends on the customer information before buying whether the difference is acceptable or not.
The blank parts are selected on the screen and distributed on the scanned skin around the marked defects.
For individual products or small amounts, the blanks can be cut using a template. A stencil is placed on the leather and marked. Then the leather is cut out by hand with a pair of scissors or a knife. Important! Markers with permanent inks can cause colour migration. There are various pens for marking leather, which do not cause such problems.
The cutting lines are marked with a silver pen and cut with a special leather knife (tools available at www.ledermanufaktur.com).
Markings of the silver mines must be cleaned with moisture. Easier to handle are peel-off markers, which are simply rubbed off with the finger, available at www.colourlock.com.
There are various machines for cutting leather and, with the aid of lasers, it is possible to detect the external contours of the leather skins. For this purpose, leather damages are marked. Computer programs then calculate the optimal cutting. The skin is then aligned on the cutting table. The outer contour of the previously scanned skin is marked on the table by light, so that the skin is correctly positioned. Then the skin is sucked onto the table by vacuum and the cutting is automatically performed by a knife or water jet. Small knives, costing less than €10, can cut up to 15 kilometres.
Soft or wavy leathers are cut by placing a plastic film around outer edges of the skin. The vacuum ensures the edges stay flat on the table allowing them to be cut either by a machine or a knife.
A foil prevents the leather edges from rising. - Cutting with a knife.
Even with knives you can cut very fine contours with the automatic cutting of leather.
After cutting, the blanks are optically marked with a laser so that the parts can be pre-sorted more easily for the next step. To simplify the work, the same parts are illuminated with the same colour.
Laser lighting as working aid. - Leather cutting waste.
Cutting with a water jet is done with a 0.1 nozzle and strong pressure. Finer contours can be cut than with the knife. The leather is not made significantly wet by this method.
The automatic cutting with the knife is only a problem with the smallest detailed contours.
Automatic cutting with water jet can cut detailed contours more precisely.
The saddlery in Zuffenhausen at Porsche employ approx. 250 employees. The car seats are cut exclusively with water jet cutting systems. For a Porsche 911 approx. 5 hides are processed.
With cheaper cut-to-size tables, it is possible to illuminate the positions on the cutting table and the leather is then positioned under the light, held in position by vacuum and then automatically cut.
Illuminated cut and finished cut, seen at www.ledermanufaktur.com).
A video about the collaboration between a tannery and Lectra, a manufacturer of automatic leather cutting machines.
Leather is also punched. The punch knives are laid on the leather and then pressed into the leather with a punching press.
Punching tool for punching four leather symbols. - Different punching tools.
The swing arm punch machine for leather is often used. The punching is triggered on two handles so that the hands cannot be injured under the press.
In order to punch as many parts as possible in one working step, several tools or tools with several fields can be laid on and leather can be superimposed several times. The highest yield is obtained with as many punching tools as possible and with a maximum of leather layers.
Cutting leather with a laser
Leather can also be cut with a laser. As with water jet cutting, fine contours are no problem. However, since the laser is a combustion process, the leather smells accordingly and the soot of the cut edges can cause stains. It is therefore always necessary to check whether punching or cutting with a knife or water jet is the better alternative.
With a laser-cut leather.
- Natural markings on leather
- Leather defects
- Leather cutting waste
- Measures and weights
- Laser engraving - Laser cutting leather
- Hole punching | <urn:uuid:1d67d3f4-e7eb-4cf7-933a-d512656382c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.leather-dictionary.com/index.php?title=Leather_cutting&oldid=25136 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.936369 | 1,215 | 1.820313 | 2 |
In terms of automobile coverage, there are numerous various factors that will influence your premium. It is possible to lessen your quality by driving safely and responsibly. Other aspects to look at when evaluating prices involve your automobile make and product, the worth of your automobile, and how you utilize it. If you often push very long distances, you usually tend to be involved with accidents. In the long run, The easiest method to reduce your coverage top quality is to find a plan that fits your preferences.
In terms of coverage, the common automobile owner is accountable for having to pay anywhere from $one,100 to over $five,000 a 12 months. It is important to understand that costs may vary broadly from point out to point out. In some states, entire protection fees two times up to minimum amount protection. Outlined underneath are some tips to help you get the top rate. A minimum legal responsibility Restrict is barely expected in some states, when total coverage generally features a $500 deductible.
Deciding on the correct auto is essential for the reason that some automobiles are costlier than Other people, causing greater coverage rates. On top of that, some vehicles are dearer to repair and replace, so their insurance plan rates are generally better. Drivers using a thoroughly clean driving historical past are inclined to acquire a lot more very affordable premiums. Age and gender also Participate in an element in identifying coverage costs. Younger motorists are generally a lot more risky than more mature drivers. Additionally, some insurers use credit rating scores to determine insurance coverage premiums. Having said that, some states have handed legislation prohibiting these types of use.
You will discover six basic sorts of automobile insurance plan coverages. This protection permits you to customise your plan to address a spread of various predicaments. You will also want making sure that you might have legal responsibility protection. Legal responsibility insurance plan is required by law for most states, but you can pick out a distinct form of protection in case you’d desire. Liability insurance policies addresses you in case you’re at fault in a collision, but What’s more, it handles other motorists in your car. It pays for Other individuals’s damages or accidents, and it also can include healthcare payments.
An ordinary coverage will have various varieties of coverage, together with liability, collision, extensive, uninsured/underinsured motorist, and healthcare payments. They are all crucial, and it is best to get enough of them. A few of these coverages could be necessary in a few states, while some might not. To find the very best car insurance coverage coverage for your needs, check out a web site like Freeway Insurance plan. You’ll find numerous types of coverage choices and help save time and expense.
Each and every point out sets its possess minimal vehicle insurance policy specifications, and these regulations are broken down into three individual quantities. In California, by way of example, you are needed to have at the least fifteen/30/5 in bodily injury legal responsibility protection, and thirty/fifty/five in home destruction liability. These numbers can vary widely, so it’s best to examine your point out’s specifications right before driving. Whilst choice insurance might be an option, it is not constantly a good idea.
The minimal coverage expected by your point out is usually legal responsibility protection, but lots of lenders involve comprehensive coverage. Complete protection refers to both equally collision and detailed coverage, and it might be necessary by your lender for anyone who is financing your vehicle. Legal responsibility coverage covers damages to Others’s property inside the party of an accident although not your own private automobile or self. Bodily injury legal responsibility and assets destruction legal responsibility insurance policies could be combined to give you the most effective coverage at a very acceptable cost.
Whether you have got collision protection on your vehicle insurance policies plan will depend on your conditions. When you may not be expected by legislation to get this protection, lenders will likely demand it if you intend on funding your automobile. Lenders can also involve you to carry collision coverage For those who have a personal loan, which implies that you just should invest in full protection vehicle insurance policy. This protection is actually a requirement for many people who finance an automobile, whether new or utilised.
Collision coverage pays the full price of your vehicle while in the event of a collision. Although the insurance provider pays all the cost of repairs, it might not be enough to interchange the vehicle if It really is stolen or totaled. You may also ought to pay back some particular dollars to switch the car. When you’ve got such a protection, make sure you fully grasp the stipulations just before obtaining motor vehicle insurance plan. It’s also advisable to fully grasp the deductible, which happens to be independent from the collision deductible.
There are various factors to consider when searching for an automobile insurance coverage bill. Some states call for minimum boundaries on Home and Uninsured motorist coverage, which pays to the difference between your costs plus the plan Restrict of the at-fault driver. Other states will not need underinsured motorist coverage. Below are a few recommendations to help you buy the best insurance coverage plan for your preferences. Hopefully, these tips is likely to make the process slightly much easier and help you save you money.
Liability coverage for car insurance policy is necessary in order to guard yourself along with your property in opposition to claims of harm or home destruction. This protection can deal with the price of defense or settlement in case you be found at fault for an accident. There are many types of protection, so it is important to be aware of the distinction between them to stop costly surprises. Condition Farm presents normal rates for numerous levels of coverage. Chances are you’ll find it additional advantageous to select a medium coverage amount.
In the majority of states, you are needed to carry legal responsibility protection as part of your coverage, which addresses damages to other people’s property and accidents to other people. This sort of coverage also safeguards you just in case you bring about a collision with One more driver. This protection could be the default policy in the majority of states, and is suggested for drivers in lots of international locations. On the other hand, it is vital to understand that liability insurance policies limits are very distinct in Every single state. Your legal responsibility limit will identify simply how much you’ll need to pay for to deal with damages.
In just about each and every state, it is unlawful to push with out liability coverage, which includes house destruction liability. When you induce damage to somebody else’s assets, legal responsibility protection pays for repairs. However, your auto insurance plan coverage will not address your own vehicle’s damages. Your state may have different bare minimum specifications for liability protection, so it is important to check your policy before buying it. House coverage is likewise essential in your fiscal stability. It can help you steer clear of staying left with massive insurance policies expenditures in case you induce a mishap.
Your insurance policies coverage will need to have some sort of assets injury coverage to compensate you within the function of a collision. This coverage pays for any damages you lead to to another particular person’s car or truck, including repairs. It also pays for your removing of particles after an accident. Home protection is usually published with 3 numbers, which includes bodily harm protection for each accident and assets harm protection for every incident. Higher restrictions, however, offer more coverage. Make sure to study your policy and inquire your insurance coverage representative if you’ll find any exclusions or limits.
In Big apple, you are able to claim uninsured motorist protection if the other driver doesn’t have enough insurance coverage to cover the expense of your collision. This coverage applies when one other driver is not determined in any way as well as the incident is a success-and-operate. The Insurance plan Legislation SS 5217 specifies the uninsured motorist coverage should be acquired in any physical collision, but courts have interpreted this provision to only use inside a physical collision.
Underinsured and uninsured motorist coverage are optional in a few states, but in other states, you have to have them both of those. Buying each coverages will provide you with more coverage in the event you should pay health-related expenditures or other bills. If your uninsured driver leaves you that has a damaged auto, the uninsured motorist protection can purchase the repairs. Although this coverage is not required, it could be a sensible idea to hold no less than the minimum level of legal responsibility coverage.
In case you’ve never ever thought of it, automobile insurance policy bargains are a great way to spend less and remain green. Many new vehicles have security attributes like airbags and anti-lock brakes that should minimize your rates. You can also get supplemental reductions for obtaining safety functions in the car, such as daytime functioning lights or anti-theft alarms. Paying your high quality in entire each and every year may also remove payment problems for 12 months. The truth is, about 50 percent of insurers offer a reduction for this kind of payment.
You may additionally be eligible for reductions should you’ve experienced your policy for many decades. These savings vary depending on the amount of time you have experienced your coverage, but many organizations offer you reductions for being faithful for their shoppers. You could be eligible for a discount of about 15% if you buy your coverage a minimum of 7 times in advance of your renewal date. In addition to these bargains, some businesses even give special discounts to All those in selected occupations. One example is, teachers get 10% off their rates from Liberty Mutual. Armed forces personnel get a 15% low cost from Geico.
Do you think you’re a younger driver on the lookout for vehicle insurance affordable estimates? Here are a few recommendations you may stick to to save money on auto insurance policies protection: Elevating your deductibles, getting a no claims price cut, and obtaining a policy by using a regional insurance company. The following tips can save you numerous bucks on a yearly basis with your auto insurance plan coverage. They also allow you to get the lowest prices achievable. Continue reading to see a lot more. You can be glad you probably did!
Youthful motorists can save cash on auto insurance policies by driving far more properly, decreasing the number of miles they drive, and permitting the insurance provider monitor their driving routines. You may also lower your rates by buying all over for car insurance policy. A lot of insurers demand a better amount for young motorists, so it is important to buy close to. Fortunately, you will discover totally free on line quotation comparison applications that make this straightforward. Also, you’ll be able to ask for a discount if you have numerous automobiles and possess them insured by precisely the same enterprise.
When hunting for a policy, make sure to Assess several offers and pick the most effective price and quality. You can even try to look for an insurance agent who will increase with you, permitting you to generate adjustments as your driving background alterations. Ensure you Evaluate procedures that offer comparable sorts of protection, as deductibles and limitations may make a major big difference. If you are a youthful driver, you should also get sufficient coverage to stay away from economic catastrophe.
Obtaining a no claims price cut on motor vehicle address is a terrific way to save money with your rates, and it may be value asking your insurer how to apply it. According to the insurance provider, the discount could be truly worth between 30% following a year to up to 65% after five years. Understand that if you have a collision, you’ll get rid of two decades of no statements reward. On top of that, multiple promises may even wipe out your entire no promises reward. It really is vital to notify your insurance company straight away of any accidents that you have, as failing to take action could necessarily mean that upcoming claims will probably be rejected.
Most insurers give no claims discounted safety for a fee of around PS25. It means that you can make a certain quantity of statements every year without having worrying about your rates likely up. Additionally it is feasible to include it to a brand new policy When you’ve got a no claims reward. On top of that, you can transfer your no promises price cut to another insurer if you wish. To maintain your no promises low cost, you need to look at switching providers on a yearly basis or two.
When seeking a affordable car or truck insurance policies quote, elevating your deductibles is a terrific way to get lower rates. Some estimates say It can save you between fifteen and thirty per cent on the high quality by increasing your deductibles. These discounts will vary broadly based upon your driving record, the sort of automobile you travel, along with your condition’s guidelines. Elevating your deductibles may also decreased your annually premium by as much as 40%.
When increasing your deductible isn’t the appropriate choice for everybody, it can help you preserve A large number of pounds in excess of the long term. Even though the quantity you end up picking to boost your deductible will depend upon your financial scenario, industry experts suggest conserving at the very least two months’ value of residing costs. Additionally, it is going to lower your insurance coverage charges on a monthly basis. You will also save a big amount of cash in case you ever make a declare.
Getting a policy with a regional insurance company could be beneficial for drivers using a poor credit score background. It can help you save income each month with your every month insurance policy Monthly bill, and you’ll benefit from discounts and superb customer service. Getting a plan with a regional insurer is offered in all 50 states, and you may Examine fees by condition to uncover the lowest prices. Nevertheless, it is vital to note that it may have a few months to boost your credit score rating, and many drivers which has a inadequate credit score heritage can end up shelling out over $four hundred a year.
Erie Insurance policy is another regional insurance company that offers low cost car insurance. This firm is based in Pennsylvania, and has long been in organization considering that 1925. Erie gives automobile insurance, life, and home insurance policy. Although Erie only delivers protection in specified states, it’s got over thirteen,000 unbiased insurance brokers during The us. You may pick an agent or maybe a regional insurance provider As outlined by your preferences. On the other hand, it is recommended which you browse all high-quality print before you make a decision.
When you are a large-danger driver, you’ll want to Review car insurance offers and locate the cheapest plan for your preferences. It’s also advisable to check out how much protection is accessible in your town so you can establish if a reduced fee is possible. It would be a lot more very affordable to acquire additional protection When you’ve got reduced risk or if you settle for a higher deductible. All of it depends on your needs. Fortuitously, there are various alternatives available to you.
In the event you are searching for the cheapest vehicle insurance estimate for high-threat drivers, you happen to be in luck. You can easily uncover just one using a few clicks over the internet. The internet can provide you with a variety of prices for coverage in a fraction of the price of regular automobile insurance coverage. Not simply that, nonetheless it will even make signing up for insurance plan lots easier. All It’s important to do is fill out an easy on-line sort, spend your quality, and you’re finished! The insurance company will then print you a card as proof of your insurance policy protection and you will have a coverage on the road.
For those who have a weak credit background, you will be viewed as a high-danger driver by a lot of insurance corporations. This is due to you usually tend to file an insurance plan assert than a driver with excellent credit. Your credit score score is often a factor in how insurance companies see you, along with a previous DUI/DWI will increase your top quality by just as much as 65%. This is often similar to an additional $477 on a six-thirty day period plan. Yet another variable that insurers think about is your driving background. A DUI/DWI can enhance your high quality by around $174, in addition to a rushing ticket can add as many as about 45%.
When you’ve got a DUI in your history, you are able to choose The most affordable auto insurance plan provider. Corporations for instance Condition Farm, American Spouse and children, and Progressive have some superior choices offering decreased premiums for high-chance drivers. Additionally they think about your credit rating rating when identifying your top quality. Insurers contemplate these things when determining exactly how much you shell out to your policy. A lousy credit score score could potentially cause coverage charges to skyrocket, so It can be crucial to know your credit score before making a choice.
There are a selection of components to think about When selecting the cheapest car insurance plan for young motorists. Your age and marital position play a huge part in the car insurance costs. The sort of car or truck you generate may additionally have an effect on the high quality. As an illustration, large-functionality motor vehicles are usually costlier to insure than lower-performance cars. Hence, the first step find The most affordable car coverage for youthful motorists is to find a car with various safety attributes.
A great way to lessen the cost of vehicle insurance policy for youthful motorists will be to reduce the protection you need. Quite a few insurers offer you discount rates in case you are a fantastic student, or When you are in driver instruction. Nevertheless, reducing your protection could bring about big out-of-pocket costs if you have a collision. For that reason, be sure you weigh the challenges of this selection meticulously, and usually err within the side of locating greater price.
Teenagers have a tough time securing low-priced auto insurance plan. When the cost of a policy for a sixteen-year-old driver is way greater than that of the Grownup, it could be decreased by including a teen to an current policy. This selection will increase costs by a median of $one,461 a calendar year, but is commonly less costly than getting a different plan. In addition, if you are a younger driver, search for savings along with other means to save.
The cost of auto insurance policies may differ widely determined by your profile, which may suggest that you ought to store around for The most affordable insurance plan for very low-chance drivers. Insurers take into account many things when deciding on an insurance coverage plan, like your driving document, demographics, and All round hazard degree. Outlined beneath tend to be the five most critical components to take into consideration when comparing insurance plan prices. Keep in mind that lower insurance coverage fees Never mean that you’ve got to sacrifice good quality.
For starters, contemplate your zip code. Individuals in substantial-crime locations will face higher rates. In addition, insurance policies businesses take traffic quantity into consideration. Also, be certain you do not have any mishaps or promises on the report, as these will raise your premiums. And lastly, Take into account that you should Evaluate rates just about every 6 months to avoid having to pay more than You need to. It’s also wise to contemplate obtaining a multi-plan price reduction if you have multiple policy with a particular insurer.
Though credit rating scores usually are not lawfully utilized by insurers in certain states, They are still vital issues when comparing automobile coverage costs. In Hawaii, drivers with bad credit history can pay 168% more than equivalent cleanse drivers. In Massachusetts, high-hazard drivers fork out 30% more than cleanse drivers. For brand new motorists, a DUI, speeding ticket, and negative credit rating will raise prices a lot more than Some others. Be sure you get a number of offers before making a call.
The zip code you live in is An important Consider the price of insurance. If you live in a place with large criminal offense and incident charges, you’ll be able to hope to pay a lot more for coverage quotations. Also, aspects like visitors quantity and incident historical past can boost the expense of insurance coverage. Most insurance corporations also investigate a driver’s driving background to ascertain what price they need to demand for his or her plan. Commonly, motorists with a bad driving record spend much more for protection than those with a clean driving history.
Car insurance coverage has risen by $fifty – $100 in the last 5 years, as health treatment charges are already rising. Motorists also are needed to carry uninsured and PIP insurance plan, which might be higher than-normal state prerequisites. A lot of states only need liability insurance plan, but Ny necessitates motorists to hold equally. These optional coverages increase the cost of insurance coverage, and will usually raise the complete quality. And finally, drivers ought to Check out their protection restrictions, as some procedures Possess a lower minimal level of coverage than Many others.
In Ny, the normal individual spends 2.8 p.c in their cash flow on motor vehicle insurance policies, which is a little bit better as opposed to countrywide average of two.40 percent. Men and women inside their 30s, 40s, and 50s can pay a little bit under the typical. The 70+ age group can pay higher premiums than motorists with considerably less driving experience. Those who are married pays a bit increased rates, but nonetheless decrease than single people today.
Together with lower fees, motorists may also choose defensive driving programs. These lessons are 320 minutes in size, and consist of discussions of driver Perspective and website traffic laws. In addition they instruct defensive driving tactics that will significantly minimize the price of insurance policies. They may also enable to enhance their driving file, so finishing a program can decrease the cost of a vehicle insurance plan quotation. Nevertheless, for anyone who is Not sure about the exact coverage you require, you are able to Test Along with the Insurance policy Information and facts Institute.
While fuel charges range by condition, the price of an auto insurance policy quotation in other states might be increased or reduced than your own private. Some things could account for this, like the percentage of uninsured drivers, condition insurance plan regulations, and the rate of theft. Also, the incidence of undesirable weather can adjust the expense of insurance coverage in numerous states. The subsequent desk shows typical car or truck insurance policies premiums in numerous states. These estimates are based on a comparison of state insurance policies requirements.
Missouri is the cheapest condition for full-protection auto insurance coverage, having to pay just $944 below Louisiana. On top of that, this condition has one among the lowest prices for each capita, and is particularly rated fifth regarding expense of residing. In contrast, Texas motorists pay out essentially the most for his or her auto insurance policy, paying about 33% in their once-a-year money in overall. This disparity could be resulting from The point that the condition provides a high quantity of uninsured drivers and several lawsuits.
The nationwide average for total protection auto insurance coverage is $1,771 a 12 months. The point out with the costliest insurance policies quality is Louisiana, with a high quality of $two,839, a 19% improve from 2020. Conversely, Maine’s typical insurance policy high quality is just $858. This is because no-fault states have increased insurance policies rates. The cost of an auto insurance policies plan in other states can vary noticeably. There are several variables to consider, like your point out’s legislation on insurance policies.
In case you are searhing for superior-chance driver motor vehicle insurance coverage close to me, you may be pondering how to get a minimal-Expense coverage. Higher-chance motorists fork out higher coverage premiums than normal drivers. This is because they have an inclination to acquire far more mishaps or violations on their own history. Depending on the condition, the limit may be 3 many years or 5 years. Sometimes, you may get discounts if you are taking a driver security program.
Though the countrywide averages for top-chance driver automobile insurance policy in close proximity to me are fairly consistent, you’ll discover that premiums differ wildly from point out to point out. Some corporations alter their premiums to diverse states, Therefore if you reside in a specific condition, you might learn that one insurer gives you the top protection for a very low price tag. The cheapest superior-danger driver auto coverage in the vicinity of me emanates from Condition Farm, which has a lengthy-standing standing for supplying exceptional provider.
The easiest method to discover a superior-chance driver car insurance policy near me is always to enter your ZIP code and compare quotes. The cost of high-threat automobile insurance close to me can vary from state to state, but most big insurers supply this kind of coverage. Some organizations specialise in high-danger coverage, for example Countrywide General. You could possibly even be capable of finding a cheaper plan For those who have good grades along with a minimal-threat car or truck.
There are lots of great things about evaluating car or truck insurance coverage businesses. On this page, We are going to focus on many of the most important features, for instance rankings, discounts, and customer care. Selecting the most effective plan is essential for your security and protection, so take the time to match the several guidelines from distinctive companies. By the time you end looking at this article, you will have an idea of which insurance provider features the best protection at the bottom cost. Here are a few suggestions to choose the correct a person in your case:
To obtain the best level, you’ll want to Evaluate car or truck insurance plan quotes from different corporations. Insurers use quite a few aspects to determine the expense of insurance coverage. It’s essential to determine your particular person requires and Evaluate rates from several suppliers. By way of example, athletics cars can Charge additional to insure than standard cars and trucks. Also, your locality and driving history can also have an impact on the fees you are quoted. By making use of a comparison tool, you could find the lowest charge on a similar protection Using the similar deductibles.
Insurance coverage rates may vary noticeably, so it truly is vital to understand how each plan will work. Among the many things that have an affect on premiums are driving history, age, and credit background. You may also Look at the benefits that each firm features, which include roadside aid or accident forgiveness. Whilst this will likely look like a daunting job, it might help to check estimates from distinct providers and pick the appropriate just one. Detailed beneath are a few ideas to get you commenced.
With regards to evaluating auto insurance coverage providers, it is advisable to start with the J.D. Electric power automobile insurance company rankings. They are dependant on purchaser satisfaction surveys that survey thousands of vehicle insurance coverage clients nationwide. The final results are compiled into numerical scores that depict the businesses’ average shopper pleasure rating. These rankings are printed annually, and the most beneficial vehicle insurance organizations in Just about every category are awarded gold medals. But how Are you aware of if the businesses you are considering are any great?
There are numerous ways to evaluate the economical toughness of automobile coverage firms. First of all, it is possible to Verify the AM Finest insurance provider score, which offers economic security scores for car or truck coverage companies. Whether or not the motor vehicle insurance provider has an A, B, C, or F ranking, it is important to know how stable it can be in advance of deciding on a coverage. This is a crucial facet of customer service, so make sure to read the reviews and skim the wonderful print before you make a choice.
Car insurance policies organizations supply a range of discounts. Several of such reductions will not be readily available for Anyone, so it’s important to examine the corporate Web-site to ensure that you qualify for that reductions that apply to you. Some corporations present various discounts, and It’s also possible to request your insurance plan agent Should they be qualified for almost any distinct price cut. However, the method is a snap and sometimes normally takes a lot less than one hour. Underneath are a few samples of possible car insurance policies discounts.
Legacy Reductions: A car or truck insurance company may provide a discount to new motorists who buy their coverage as a result of their parents’ organization. This lower price is normally all over 10 per cent. That is one method to thank your mom and dad for your business through the years, and it could help you save money on your car insurance coverage. Several firms supply legacy discounts to younger motorists, and It really is value examining to find out If the insurance provider features a person. You can even take a look at insurance policies provided by American Spouse and children, Farmers, or USAA.
While in the insurance coverage market, there are a few companies that continuously excel at customer care. Esurance, for example, scored 4 out of five inside the J.D. Electrical power rankings for customer support, a higher mark for an organization whose mother or father company doesn’t. The organization scored better than its opponents in all other places, including policy choices and costs, and also the high quality of services furnished by its Make contact with center representatives and Web-site.(personalised assistance)
The most important aspect of vehicle coverage for many buyers is its protection, but it is the customer care that issues most. Shoppers would like to Call their insurers and receive prompt, courteous assistance. Which means that they want to receive a response to their email messages and mobile phone calls swiftly, and they would like to talk to an agent who’ll pay attention to their worries and give solutions. When all automobile coverage firms might offer fantastic customer service, some do conduct better than Other people.(rideshare insurance coverage)(just some clicks)(insurance choices)
A number of things influence the rates of car insurance policies companies. Driving heritage and age are two important elements. A driver with a very poor driving background or possibly a very poor credit rating rating could have increased premiums. Also, the expense of dwelling in your town will have an impact on the rates. For that reason, it is important to compare the premiums of many insurance corporations to find the just one which will suit your finances along with your driving habits. There are some tips on how to decrease your premiums, for instance slicing protection or getting a defensive driving class. You may also choose to purchase a full calendar year of coverage up entrance.(Invoice on-line)(worker reductions)(at fault incident)(protected incident)
In combination with the above mentioned-talked about components, many other points can increase your premium. By way of example, should you’ve not too long ago manufactured a claim or logged a targeted visitors violation, your insurance policies provider will reassess your rates. In addition, if you take a secure driving study course, you could be eligible for a reduction. Insurance coverage companies are regularly tweaking their designs to determine the charges, and you may perhaps notice a change with your premiums Even when you’ve in no way improved your driving heritage.(usage based insurance plan)(rental cars)(auto repairs)(Safe and sound driver discounted)
A car insurance policy Evaluate is a terrific way to keep away from disreputable insurance policies suppliers. For example, reduced prices from a certain insurance provider can be deceptive In case the quote excludes sure coverage or would make inaccurate assumptions about your driving profile. By on the lookout up insurance plan companies’ ratings and the A.M. Finest rating, you will find The most cost effective insurance policies businesses close to you. Study this article to Learn how automobile insurance coverage compares can help you save funds. Then, Obtain your estimates with the top rated companies and see which a person is the greatest for yourself.(incident totally free)
Your credit-dependent insurance rating is usually a handy indicator of the amount possibility you might be prone to pose, but you should not let it dictate your charges. The federal governing administration would not let insurers to make use of your credit score historical past as the only cause of a rise in your fees. Having said that, states for example California, Massachusetts, Oregon, Utah, and Vermont have legal guidelines in place that restrict insurers from employing credit rating history to ascertain insurance coverage rates.(could help save)(new vehicle)(automobile declare)
On the other hand, this sort of coverage isn’t going to use to each condition, so customers have no way to find out if a company is using your score to determine just how much to charge them. Some states, including California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Michigan, do ban credit rating-primarily based insurance. Many other states even have limitations on using credit rating-based coverage scores. Finally, you need to make a decision on your own whether or not your credit rating-based mostly insurance rating is suitable for you.(motorbike insurance policies)(roadside help protection)(bundling auto)(obtain a vehicle insurance plan)(pet insurance plan)(genuine cash price)(outstanding promises service)(yacht coverage)
A lot of factors influence the price of vehicle insurance plan discounts, including age. Age affects your rate by more than thirty per cent, and in some states, a youthful driver pays Nearly 4 situations around a 30-calendar year-previous. Inexperience is another major aspect, as younger youngsters usually tend to enter into mishaps. By understanding what elements have an impact on your premiums, you may negotiate lower charges on your own. Listed below are several of the ways that age affects your automobile insurance policy.
Usually, the younger you might be, the reduced your premiums might be. But In case you are a person, age does have an impact on the cost of motor vehicle insurance policies. While younger male drivers fork out fewer than their more mature counterparts, rates for motorists within their sixties and seventies skyrocket. Statistically, males are two and also a 50 % occasions as likely to be involved with a vehicle crash than Women of all ages, Hence the gender gap decreases with age.(protection solutions)(homeowners insurance policy)
The point that a person can pay a higher high quality for auto insurance plan than a girl isn’t solely shocking. Quite a few men make bad alternatives though driving, resulting in extra incidents and statements. However, there are a few elements which make men more expensive to insure. Here are a few of the best explanations why. Read on to discover more about the preferred aspects that have an affect on automobile insurance policy prices by gender. And when you are still confused, contemplate the following pointers for decreasing your premiums.(automobile insurance coverage insurance policies)(vehicle insurance coverage quotation)(motor vehicle insurance policies price)
The Oregon Division of monetary Regulation has instructed auto insurers to support people who Do not specify their gender. Discrimination versus non-binary individuals might be grounds for unfair discrimination charges, and insurers must file costs for anyone motorists setting up in January 2019. These prices can be bigger than Individuals for male and feminine drivers. As long as they are not abnormal, Girls can save money. Also, Don’t be concerned about the “non-binary” amount for young motorists.(vehicle insurance declare)(hole insurance)(car policy) | <urn:uuid:87ec433c-d36e-4f09-96cc-a88a214b50d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://antibioticpl.com/car-insurance-in-blanchard-pa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.953638 | 7,243 | 1.703125 | 2 |
(Corrected*) Mayor Villaraigosa Proposes $2.50 Per Month Water-And-Power Rate Hike
As expected, Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa on Monday proposed a $2.50 per month rate hike for customers of the city's Department of Water and Power as part of a "carbon surcharge" that would have the DWP buy solar power and retrofit L.A. businesses and homes with energy efficient electricity and appliances.
The proposal, which will be weighed by the Board of Water and Power Commissioners this week, aims to create 18,000 jobs and "reduce Los Angeles' dependence on fossil fuels," according to a statement from the mayor's office.
As we told you previously, the proposal could be viewed as a move back to Prop. B, an unsuccessful ballot initiative to spend as much as $3.6 billion on solar energy (and, as some critics allege, to create jobs as a sweetheart gift for unions favored by Villaraigosa).
The money from the surcharge, meanwhile, would "allow the owner of an in-basin solar
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facility to sell electricity directly to the LADWP that they will feed directly into the LADWP's electric grid," according to the mayor's office "The LADWP will pay for the energy through a 20 year power-purchase agreement."
In this economy? What a deal. We have to wonder, just who is this lucky "in-basin solar facility?"
"By investing in renewables and energy efficiency, we are building the foundation for an
emerging industry that will attract good paying, green collar jobs to Los Angeles," the mayor stated.
And, oh yeah, the mayor's office notes that Los Angeles Business Council supports the rate hike. The Business Council has not expressed support or opposition to the rate hikes, but has supported the idea of installing solar panels on homes and businesses that could feed excess power to the city's grid. Because $2.50 a month from each and every one of you to feed an unknown "in-basin solar facility" and to train and hire workers to screw in florescent light bulbs is all gravy.
Keep in mind, however, that L.A. has one of the worst unemployment rates in the nation, and City Hall is facing nearly $700 million in red ink come summer. Potholes aren't being filled. Fewer cops are on the streets. Libraries are taking days off. So what we really need is to tax people's budgets more so the city's richest department, with many workers there receiving a deal for raises late last year, can spend more cash.
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Catch up on the day's news and stay informed with our daily digest of the most popular news, music, food and arts stories in Los Angeles, delivered to your inbox Monday through Friday. | <urn:uuid:c106e846-6ecc-4007-81e6-e3329e81f903> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.laweekly.com/news/corrected-mayor-villaraigosa-proposes-250-per-month-water-and-power-rate-hike-2388785 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00457-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947556 | 709 | 1.546875 | 2 |
This week I’ve been looking at using Strophe and Greasemonkey to try to make an evocative but simple two-screen prototype for web-based on demand video. It was a bit fiddly in parts but it’s very useful once you get it going. Danbri has been building prototypes like these for some time, but it’s taken me this long to get round to having my own version working because you need your own XMPP server (that’s not strictly true, but more on that later). R&D Prototyping team have also recently been creating demonstrations with a similar setup. This is a technical blog post which should help you create a similar setup if you are interested in this technique.
Why are we doing this?
In the NoTube social web area we are experimenting with using XMPP for communication between devices, primarily because we want to look at social APIs for TV – and XMPP provides a lot of the infrastructure we need there (such as friends, groups, messaging). First we need some basic control of video, so before we start putting friends into the mixture we are implementing some of the usual remote commands such as play / pause, and also ‘nowp’ (now playing).
We’ve done this with an XMPP python bot talking to MythTV and an iPhone as a controller, but it was slow work to build the iPhone interface, and the client code isn’t usable on other non-Apple devices.
Getting it working
The basic process is this:
- Install jabber server
- Create two accounts and make them friends
- Put an http rewrite file in the right place
- Create ‘near’ and ‘far’ webpages to represent the remote and player
- Create a Greasemonkey script and iFrame for the web based video player
A word of warning: this is fiddly. Things are changing in the APIs in browsers, in particular, cross-domain iframe loopholes are being closed and browsers are using the postmessage system instead, which is fine, as long we you realise what’s going on (and can control the iframe content, which is why we need Greasemonkey).
Here’s each step in a bit more detail.
By far the least confusing way of getting this working is to create a new domain, e.g. jabber.yourdomain.com. You’ll need to fix the DNS with your provider and then edit apache virtual hosts file (for me on ubuntu it’s
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default), for example:
Allow from all
and then restart apache
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
Install jabber server
In Ubuntu this is as straightforward as ‘
sudo apt-get install ejabberd‘. OpenFire is also apparently easy.
Configure jabber server
pico /etc/ejabberd/ejabberd.cfg (yeah I use pico! got a problem? 🙂 )
You need quite a recent version of ejabberd (later than 2.0), and then it includes BOSH.
Create two accounts and make them friends
svn co https://svn.process-one.net/ejabberd-modules
sudo cp mod_admin_extra.beam /usr/lib/ejabberd/ebin/
On the commandline:
ejabberdctl register near jabber.yourhostname.com password
ejabberdctl register far jabber.yourhostname.com password
ejabberdctl add-rosteritem jabber.yourhostname.com near jabber.yourhostname.com near buttons both
ejabberdctl add-rosteritem near jabber.yourhostname.com far jabber.yourhostname.com far buttons both
Put an http rewrite file in the right place
The simplest thing to do is this:
Create a new directory in the correct domain
The directory can be called anything, but it needs to match your apache vhost config above.
Create an .htaccess file in that directory
RewriteRule http-bind http://localhost:5280/http-bind/ [P]
RewriteRule http-bind/ http://localhost:5280/http-bind/ [P]
RewriteRule http-poll http://localhost:5280/http-poll/ [P]
RewriteRule http-poll/ http://localhost:5280/http-poll/ [P]
RewriteRule admin/ http://localhost:5280/admin/ [P]
This means that the http interface to ejabberd is in the correct domain. If you put your ‘near’ and ‘far’ files in this directory or a subdirectory, that should work.
You mght need to enable rewrite and proxy modules in apache.
Create ‘near’ and ‘far’ webpages to represent the remote and player
Each has an on_message function and also sends messages. It’s all pretty straightforward. Info/query (iq messages rather than chat messages) are what we should be using to pass messages and they are a little bit more fiddly, but I’ve put some examples here: near, far. You’ll need strophe.js in the same directory.
Near sends load and play messages, while far sends nowp (now playing).
At this stage you should be able to see these two pages communicating. Load ‘near’ into Safari or similar and far into Firefox (3). Click play or load in ‘near’ and you should see a response in ‘far’.
Create a Greasemonkey script and iframe for the web based video player
We want the ‘far’ strophe page to control a player from a different site. For this you can put the player site as an iframe into the ‘far’ page.
iFrames are confusing and using Greasemonkey with iFrames is even more so. In modern browsers, iFrame-based hacks for communicating between cross-site iFrames are not allowed, so you need to use HTML5’s postMessage instead. This is much easier.
For the iFrame player Greasemonkey script to post to the enclosing ‘far’ page do this:
message is a string.
The ‘far’ page checks for messages like this:
The far page can also send messages like this:
var win = document.getElementById("frameid").contentWindow;
and the Greasemonkey script uses receiveMessage as before.
Using near, far and test_greasemonkey.user.js, with test.html on a different server (all in this directory), you should be able to send messages from near that affect test.html. Then all you need to do is adapt it to the site you are interested in controlling.
CORS (Cross Origin Resource Sharing)
- Strophe API
- Anders Conbere: Get XMPP – BOSH working with Ejabberd, Firefox and Strophe
- Postmessage in Mozilla
- Michael Mahemoff – Cross-Domain Communication with IFrames
- GreaseMonkey Manual – Installing scripts
- GreaseMonkey – UnsafeWindow
- Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)
Update – May 16 2011
I recently had to install ejabberd elsewhere and forgot how incredibly fiddly it is to get working. So here’s a few gotchas and possible solutions:
Problem: ejabberd won’t start
Try starting it as root user (not just sudo):
Problem: ejabberd won’t start in background
ejabberd start -detached
Problem: running ejabberdctl gives an error like “Failed RPC connection to the node ‘ejabberd@localhost’: nodedown
Problem: bosh not working, even though the page /http-bind says it is
Edit modules part of config make sure you have right config! there are two! – check
ps ax | grep ejabberd
and that will show the correct one. The modules section should contain:
Problem: Mysteriously still not working, on Amazon EC2
Make sure the right ports are open: 5222, 5223, 5280 – on EC2 you have to open these using for example the configuration dashboard. It’s under ‘security groups’
Problem: Mysteriously still not working
HTML client must be on the same domain as http-bind | <urn:uuid:63da096c-30f6-419c-adea-f9fdba3a76b1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://notube.tv/2010/08/06/strophe-and-greasemonkey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00031-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.844333 | 1,858 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Chris Rock has been widely criticized for a joke he made while hosting this year’s Oscars ceremony, at the expense of Asian-Americans.
Activists accused the comedian of perpetuating racial stereotypes when he introduced a group of accountants, who turned out to be three Asian children in suits.
Chris Rock has been generally praised for the way he dealt with the absence of black artists among Oscar nominees.
The 88th Annual Academy Awards ceremony had been boycotted by some Hollywood figures.
All 20 nominees in the best acting or supporting acting categories were white.
Chris Rock had addressed the controversy during his hosting of February 28 Academy Awards ceremony, commenting that he had “counted at least 15 black people” in the montage that opened the ceremony, before welcoming people to the “white People’s Choice awards”.
The skit involving the three children was an apparent reference to Asians being good at maths. One of the children was also given a Jewish surname.
Chris Rock then said: “If anybody is upset about that joke, just tweet about it on your phone, which was also made by these kids.”
Critics say the punch line was another stereotype, about child labor in Asia.
Chris Rock’s publicist Leslie Sloane said on February 29 that the star was unavailable for comment.
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences also did not comment.
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WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Days before the start of Sonia Sotomayor's confirmation hearings, a new national poll indicates that by a narrow margin, Americans would like the Senate to confirm her as the next Supreme Court justice.
Critics warn confirmation hearings for Judge Sonia Sotomayor could turn into a partisan battle.
In a CNN/Opinion Research Corp. survey released Friday, 47 percent of people questioned would like to see the Senate vote in favor of Sotomayor's confirmation, with 40 percent opposed and 13 percent unsure.
Sotomayor, a New York federal appeals court judge, was nominated by President Obama in May to succeed retiring Supreme Court Justice David Souter.
The poll suggests a partisan divide, with nearly seven in 10 Democrats supporting Sotomayor's confirmation, Independents split, and nearly two out of three Republicans opposing Senate confirmation. Read the poll (pdf)
"Republican opposition to Sotomayor's confirmation is a higher level of opposition from the party out of power than any Supreme Court nominee has faced in the past two decades," said CNN Polling Director Keating Holland.
Only 32 percent of Republicans opposed Ruth Ginsburg's 1993 nomination by President Bill Clinton to the high court, Holland said.
"In 2005, when it was the GOP's turn to appoint justices, only 35 percent of Democrats opposed John Roberts, and 46 percent of Democrats opposed Samuel Alito the following year," Holland said. "And even when Bush nominated Harriet Miers, opposition among Democrats to her confirmation hit only 53 percent."
The poll also indicates that Americans are split over whether senators are justified in voting against Sotomayor, based solely on her stand on the issues.
Americans seem to agree that the confirmation hearings in front of the Senate Judiciary Committee, which begin Monday, could turn into a partisan battle.
Six out of 10 said a major fight between Democrats and Republicans will occur, with 38 percent saying that the hearings will be a relatively easy process with bipartisan agreement.
The percentage of those who would like to see Sotomayor confirmed in the CNN poll is lower than in other national surveys released in the past few weeks.
"One possible reason why the CNN poll shows less support for Sotomayor than other recent polls is a difference in the question wording," Holland said. "Polls by other organizations have described Sotomayor as Barack Obama's choice for the Supreme Court. But in order to make historical comparisons, the CNN poll used a question dating back to 1987 that does not mention the president's name."
Americans can be swayed by a familiar name, in this case Obama, when questioned about someone who has not been in the public eye, Holland said.
"Some of Obama's popularity may have rubbed off onto Sotomayor in polls conducted by other organizations," Holland said. "Ultimately, however, Supreme Court nominees rise or fall on their own merits."
The CNN/Opinion Research Corp. survey was conducted from June 26 to 28, with 1,026 adult Americans questioned by telephone. The survey's sampling error is plus or minus 3 percentage points. | <urn:uuid:5bd4239e-9df2-4e46-9116-cc6a7971f55e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/07/10/sotomayor.poll/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.958102 | 638 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Excellent, Denise Brennan-Nelson, Cyd Moore, Preschool, Primary, Gay, Diversity, Wedding, Children, Family
Uncle Ash used to be a magnificent dancer, but he hasn’t danced since he was a teenager. After being made fun of for his dancing in the school play, he has resigned himself to foot-tapping on the sidelines. His niece Willow is determined to remind him how wonderful it was to dance so he can be ready when the music starts at his upcoming wedding to David.
BYU ScholarsArchive Citation
"Willow and the Wedding,"
Children's Book and Media Review: Vol. 39:
4, Article 22.
Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cbmr/vol39/iss4/22 | <urn:uuid:abd909d8-dbb0-4832-8ba0-215cec4b97db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cbmr/vol39/iss4/22/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.948577 | 193 | 1.945313 | 2 |
PORTABLE, FAST IMAGING DEVICES GETTING MORE COMMON IN THE E.R.
Medgadget is an independent journal of the latest medical devices, technologies and discoveries, in many fields, including Emergency Medicine. It is written, edited and published by a group of MDs and biomed engineers, and maintained in a blog form, so that the latest stories regarding new devices in the field of Emergency Medicine are at the top of the page. Technology in Medicine is improving, and there are device discovers faster than before, because of the improvement of internet tools to disover them. Click HERE to see the latest news on Emergency room gadgets or devices
Technologies similar to s the VScan and I-Stat will have a place in the future of the Emergency Room. The VScan, essentially a portable hand-held ultraound deviice, is currently used to diagnose valvular lesions of the heart, as well as diagnosing fetal distress. Most likely, this technology will improve, so that Emergency Physicians will be able to use an improved Vscan to diagnose, at the bedside, gallstone, kidney stones, and carotid stenosis, as well as DVT of legs.
One such device was unveiled in June 2012, The Acuson 300, a new portable compact ultrasound that could be that form of an ultrasound in the ER in the near-future.
This device has not been approved, as of yet, by the FDA, but will undoubted find a place in most ERs, to rapid dianose all the aforementioned conditions, and both speed up patient flow, and prevent help prevent congestion in the ER.
Lab Testing in the ER
The i-Stat, a portable lab testing device, currently takes about 10 minutes for lab results as the bedside. This is about the same amount of time a good Hospital lab will take for a quick H and H.
A future I-Scan will take less time, and will aid in cases of almost spontaneous, instant lab results, as well as instant toxicology reports. Remember, the days of nanomedicine are coming!
Telemedicine is playing a more active role in some ERs. In June 2012, the FDA cleared for use an “InTouch Telemedicine Device“, This medical device could find a niche in some ERs, to be able to examine patients in home healthcare, and nursing home settings, that could avoid an unnecessary hospital visit. Vitals would be taken onsite, and the doctor would be able to evaluate the patient remotely, and order the appropriate treatment, or simply advise that the patient needs to be brought to the ER for further evaluation.
Portable CT Scan
Also, on the drawing board, and on a track for approval is a portable CT scan. This would speed up diagnostic capabilities tremendously, as well as being able to more effectively monitor the patient in the ER, rather than a remote CT suite in the radiology section of the hospital.
To see a video of this device at a trade show, click HERE.
Most ER doc’s fear it, many have experienced it, but there is nothing as stressful in doing a difficult intubation in a critically ill patient. This “King” video Laryngoscope is durable, reliable, and relatively inexpensive, so most ERs can afford it. No longer will the ER doc have to frantically call anesthesia.
See another VIDEO which shows the King Video Laryngoscope in action
A study in Canada showed that, with appropriate mobile technology, EMT were able to initiate treatment of MI patients quicker in the field with thrombolytics. With wireless technology, complete EKGs were able to be performed, and this study shows great promise for rapid, in the field treatment, due to the ability to transmit more accurate information to the Emergency Room.
RECENT LIVE STREAM SHOWS
Luis Borda MD, world-famous Neurosurgeon, presents in Russia October 14, 2016
Dr. Marcelo Fereira, Neurosurgeon from Brazil, presents at Tyumen Russia last week at Albert Sufianov's Conference, "Skull Base Surgery"Oct 2016 Broadcast LIVE by www.Neurosurgical .TV: Dr. Wuttipong Tirakotai: Surgical Treatment of Trigeminal Schwannomas "
Dr. Marcelo Fereira, Neurosurgeon from Brazil, presents at Tyumen Russia last week at Albert Sufianov's Conference, "Skull Base Surgery"
August 28: India Online Conference: Ped Neurosurg: Subodh Raju, MD "Surgical Options in Craniosynostosis"
July 22: John Giannios MD, Precision Medicine Leader, talks about "Precision Epigenomic Medicine of Incurable Solid Tumors "
July 20: John Giannios MD, Precision Medicine Leader, talks about "Precision Cancer Medicine in the Postgenomics Era"
July 19: John Giannios MD, talks about "NANOSURGERY FOR ERADICATION OF METASTATIC CANCER STEM CELLS "
July 20: Joe Krainin MD, Neurologist, Sleep Apnea expert, talk to A Fib expert, Steve Ryan Phd, meet and discuss AFib and Sleep Apnea
July 9: Iype Cherian MD, Neurosurgery Superstar, presents "Basilar Artery Dissection, for the ACNS Online Conference
July 9: Roberto Herrera MD: Presenting Case in Online Neurosurgery Conference, a New Wave of Conferences
July 9 Ramesh Nair MD, English Neurosurgeon, Presents a Few Skull Base Cases
May 3: John Byler, noted TBI Support Advocate, talks about his book, "You Look Great"
April 20: Catherina Borgenstierna of Sweden Presents her Robotic Assisted Eating Device, Bestic | <urn:uuid:44f3912e-47ba-4011-8c7e-6e5685ba41de> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://internetmedicine.com/i-emergency-medicine-devices/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00250-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93259 | 1,225 | 2.375 | 2 |
America’s Common Core standards include the good ol’ reading, writing and ‘rithmetic, but the writing part is more limited than it once was. Regular block handwriting is still included in the curriculum, but cursive has been dropped.
And considering 45 states having adopted these standards, it looks like cursive is quickly being shown the door.
The Common Core is reacting to the times, focusing more on digital communications — typing — as more students focus on Word reports and Excel documents and less on handwritten essays. Still, some teachers are fighting back, with several states working to preserve the teaching of cursive.
According to UPI, “Many (worry that) future generations would no longer be able to read the nation’s founding documents, all written in flowing, curly scripts.” However, opponents point to the nation’s decreased use of cursive. | <urn:uuid:a7f141ac-cf4c-4e98-bfac-513065036100> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://investorplace.com/2013/11/10-things-disappearing-america/6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00186-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970206 | 184 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Google was founded in 1998, as a website that later became a popular search engine. Google has since expanded into a company that not just makes phones, computers, and other gadgets but connects users from around the world with its innovative products and services. From their search engine to the internet browser, they have a wide range of products that are free and also come in different price ranges. Google makes it easy for business owners to market through their platform using the advertising services to reach audiences worldwide.
In the article, we explain the top 10 Google products and services loved by Internet users, businesses, and organizations and their features that help regular users just like you and me. Read on!
Google’s Gmail is the world’s most popular email service. It’s free, has great features, and most importantly, has a lot of people using it. Gmail has a few features that other email services just do not have. It’s also great because Gmail offers a variety of helpful tools that make your time more efficient and productive. Creating and setting up a Gmail account is very easy and within a few minutes, you can take advantage of the world’s most popular emailing service to connect with your friends and family. But what are the features that make Gmail great? Below we discuss the most popular features offered by Gmail and loved by millions!
Since Google is an expert in A.I., most of its products have automation or intelligence. Regarding Gmail, users can have smart suggestions when composing emails. In the process, when writing, Gmail suggests the next word or phrase it finds appropriate. Typically, it acts like an autocorrect like on phone keyboards minus the auto-replace part.
Sometimes, it’s easier to compose an email and schedule it to send at a later time. By doing so, there is no need to wait for a specific hour and possibly miss an important matter. Considering this, Google enabled message scheduling in Gmail.
During email composition, one can click the dropdown beside the send button to open the feature. After that, it’s possible to choose from templates or customize the date and time. As a result, Gmail will save the email in the account and send it automatically on the defined period.
While it’s a different story on mobile apps, Gmail on the web still has enough notification controls. In detail, a user can toggle mail alerts or only receive new or important mail notifications. Additionally, a pop-up will appear on a desktop displaying a specific message.
Google Calendar Integration
Due to Google services’ tight integration, users can send an event invite from Gmail directly to Google Calendar. Without much tinkering, Calendar will detect an event in mails and provide options to add them. Likewise, one can easily invite other people from event creation or inside an email.
As Google became popular due to its excellent search engine, it’s no wonder why Gmail has a powerful search feature. Aside from searching simple keywords, users can also specify items. In other words, Gmail has search fields for digging emails from specific senders, recipients, subjects, included and excluded words, size, timestamp, and many more.
Like other providers, Gmail also supports attachments. In mail composition, users can easily insert files from computers and Google Drive using the mail merge feature. Also, Gmail makes saving an attachment from mail into Drive with only a few clicks. Lastly, it’s possible to include images from Google Photos, a computer, or a direct web address.
Send Delay and Auto Reply
Send delay is a feature that allows mail cancellation at a given time. In this case, Gmail offers four options: 5, 10, 20, or 30 seconds. After sending, there is an option to undo the message at the selected time limit.
AutoReply, as the name suggests, responds to emails when a user can attend. When setting this feature, one can specify the first day of office leave, subject, and the message body. Finally, there’s an option to only reply to contacts.
Themes and Personalization
One thing that sets Gmail apart from other providers is the customization level. Unlike similar services with only dark and light themes, Gmail has different color themes and allows background images.
Moreover, users can also change the inbox style:
There are three views: default, comfortable, and compact, each of which differs in information density. Users can set what emails appear first on the inbox.
Gmail has a reading pane and conversation threading features.
Users who send sensitive information over email should benefit from Gmail’s confidential mode. In essence, it allows users to set an expiration date for an email. Limitations can be a day, a week, a month, three months, or five years. Also, one can choose whether to use an SMS passcode or not when opening mails.
Spam Protection and Email Blocker
As an essential feature, Gmail sure has a reputation for providing spam and email blocking protection. Using these features, users can block spam, newsletters, or even a specific email address. If you’re interested in learning how to block emails in Gmail, please read the following sections.
Alternatively, you can try Boxysuite, the best Gmail app for mac that offers tons of additional features including email tracking, integrations, minimal mode, and many more!
#2 Google Calendar
There are countless reviews and regards about Google Calendar and other services offered by the company online. An excellent one would be similar to “Google’s products can be as simple as you like, and flexible as you want them to be.” What does this mean?
For instance, such a tool, Google Keep, is a minimalist blank canvas until you fill it up with various data forms. Similarly, the Calendar can be as simple or complex should you prefer it to be. Regardless, the following are the general features of Google Calendar!
As the most crucial feature, Google Calendar sure allows unlimited creation of events. When adding one, it learns about your existing appointments and suggests unoccupied times instead. However, if you like overlapping events, you can override the suggestion and input your preferred one. Moreover, if you have a recurring schedule, you can set an event to repeat every other day, week, month, or even year.
Initially, the reminder feature isn’t present in the service. However, due to popular demand, Google later added it. In its basic form, reminder varies from events in terms of importance. While they both appear on the timeline, reminders can overlap each other by default. Also, unlike the former, it only accepts the date, time, and recurrence input.
In 2018, the company released Google Tasks, a mobile and web application. However, it still doesn’t have its domain at the time of the writing and is only accessible on the right vertical sidebar inside Google Calendar and Gmail. Nevertheless, it made the intersection of Events and Tasks more manageable that will help you maintain your schedule.
Share and Invite Participants
Collaboration is a crucial element of Google services’ success, and Calendar is no different. On it, you can add guests to an event from your contacts. Also, it’s possible to delegate someone as the new owner of an event you’ve created. If you’re interested to learn more about the tool’s operation, please read the rest of the article.
While the Calendar and other Google’s Workspace members can integrate interchangeably, they can also connect to external platforms. Curious to find out how to sync Google Calendar with Outlook or Google Tasks? Let’s move further.
#3 Google Contacts
Most users with mobile devices have probably heard of, seen, or even use Google Contacts before. It’s not that popular as a dedicated platform for casual users, so it became unnoticed in many home screens and app drawers. However, it’s undeniably a significant and robust product because so many individuals and teams use it. With this in mind, the following are the reasons why should you use Google Contacts!
Free To Use: Since it’s a Google product, it’s unquestionably free. Unlike the company’s other services, this one doesn’t have any additional subscriptions or fees for extra storage, unlocking premium features, and many more. Contrary to Docs, Photos, and Gmail, the data you store in it will not count against your 15GB Google Drive storage quota. Due to this, you can store unlimited items, details, contact notes, and other related information.
Integration: As a vital feature, the app can integrate with other Google Services. If you’re inside Gmail, Hangouts, Meet, Calendar, Tasks, and even Keep, you can directly search, interact, and use the items you store on your Contacts account. Moreover, if you’re often in contact with a particular individual, Google’s algorithm will analyze and suggest saving it on your Contacts app.
Multi-platform: Aside from the well-designed mobile applications, Google Contacts is also accessible on the web. While it’s not the ideal use case, it still works. If you want to use it natively on a Mac, please read until the end; we have an effective solution for you.
Yes, the Contacts app is free for unlimited yes; accordingly, it also supports as many devices as you like. As long as you can log in to your Google account, your contact items will also be there.
Well-maintained and Secure: Since your contacts are quite a sensitive type of information, the digital platform in which you’ll store it should be secure. If you’re looking at Google Contacts, you’ll be confident with the privacy and security measures it provides. As a Google product, it shares the same level of protection the company employs on every account. You can protect your data by using built-in two-factor authentication, mobile phone or email verification, and many more.
As a free offering, it’s a bonus that it’s well-maintained. Due to the continually evolving digital communication form, it’s also vital that your contacts application can adapt to these technological changes. Indeed, you don’t want your contact data to be incompatible and unusable right?
Versatile: It’s known that Google’s product can adapt from the most basic users to professionals. What does it mean? If you use the Contacts app, you’ll see a user-friendly interface. Without any overbearing features, it only displays the necessary components for most users.
However, suppose you’re in a corporate position and manage numerous contacts and teams, then the tool can also do it. Using labels, detailed information, and many more, you can create a systematic structure in your account. If you’re interested, let’s discuss the tool’s excellent features in the next section.
Google Contacts is exceptional in the things it can do. Whether you only want a simple means to store your contacts or create a sophisticated system, you’ll feel right home with it. Regardless, Google Contacts’ features are as follows:
As mentioned above, Google Contacts is entirely free. It means that you can create, store, and access limitless items on your account. The stored data will not deduct from your Google Drive, leaving you more room for other files.
As long as you can log in to your Google account, you can access your contact data. Along with the fast and easy-to-use mobile versions, it’s also available as a web app.
When you frequently exchange messages with someone, the algorithm can detect and suggest them to your account. In the “Frequently contacted” section on your sidebar, you’ll see all the recommendations. From there, you can save, star, or delete the items you want.
Similar to tags, labels are a way to group items. For instance, you can create a label for your family, friends, and colleagues.
Export and import
If you want to migrate your data to another service or account, you can export them as either a Google CSV, Outlook CSV, or vCard file. On the other hand, if you want to use an existing file, you can easily use the import feature.
Should you want to make a piece easily accessible, you can select it as a favorite. Starred items will appear at the top of the list.
Google services integration
Easily add data when you’re using another Google application. Similarly, you can easily search and use the items you store on your Contacts account for other related services.
#4 Keep Notes
Google Keep Notes is a note-taking app that’s a Google-based alternative to Evernote, and it’s built right into the Chrome browser. You can use it to keep all kinds of notes, including text, photos, or music, and you can use it to create lists. It allows you to organize, share and collaborate with others. You can even set up reminders for your notes. You can save multiple versions of your notes, and it also syncs with Google Drive, meaning all your notes are available wherever you go.
Learn how to use Keep Notes and its features!
#5 Google Drive
Creating a Google account will give you instant access to various Google products including Google Drive. Google Drive offers users a way to access, store, and edit their files in the cloud. Google Drive is integrated into the Google Chrome web browser and allows users to access their files on a variety of other devices, including computers and smartphones. Google Drive does not require users to install a separate application to view and edit their files. You can open Google drive from the products and services section of your Google account.
Here are the most used features of Google Drive!
- Team collaboration and sharing.
- Share files, docs, videos and many more with people.
- Store your file in the cloud and never lose it again.
- Drag and drop files to upload and save files
- Get access to Google Docs, Spreadsheet, slides, forms and many more additional tools.
- Grammar Check and proofreading.
#6 Google Adwords
One of the most common tasks in any business is to increase the traffic to your website. This can be done through Google Adwords. Adwords is a free tool that allows businesses to display their ads on Google-based search results. When someone clicks on one of these ads, they are taken to the business’s website. However, the advertising company has to pay-per-click to promote their businesses through millions of Google-approved websites and networks. Google Adwords is one of the most used services by organizations and businesses to promote their products and services to reach the intended audience.
Here are the features of Google Adwords!
- Promotions Extensions
- Message Extensions
- Shopping campaigns
- Dynamic Ads
- Search and Display Ads
#7 Google Analytics
Google Analytics (GA) is a web analytics service that collects and reports website data to you. It allows you to see how people use your site, where they come from, which pages they visited, and why they left. It also tells you what type of device they use and how long they spend on your site. You can set up events so that GA can track when a certain event has happened. If you have a large website, GA can help you make sure that the pages you need are being seen by the right people. Google Analytics is one of the most used features by website owners worldwide.
Here are the features of Google Analytics!
- Campaign and Traffic Measurement: Traffic.
- Tracking your Goals including Website conversions
- Audience reports and activities
- User Flow visualization
- Custom reports and analytical data
#8 Google Maps
In the days before smartphones, the only way to get directions was to ask a loved one for help or to buy a bus, train, or car map from a book store and scour the chart for the quickest route to the destination. Now we have Google Maps, an app that allows us to navigate autonomous vehicles from the comfort of our own homes. Whether you’re trying to get to work or a place you’ve never been before, Google Maps is your reliable guide.
Features of Google Maps:
- Satellite Imagery
- Ariel Photography
- Street Maps
- 360° interactive panoramic Street View
- Real-time street traffic conditions
- Route Navigation
#9 Google Chrome
If you’re not using Google Chrome, you’re not using the best browser for Windows, Mac, and Smartphones. When Google unveiled Chrome a few years ago, it was more of a browser than a web browser. It was a focus on speed and security over features, with a clean and simple interface that had a fresh, minimalist feel. Google Chrome has evolved as one of the best browsers across different platforms.
Features of Google Chrome:
- Website Bookmarking
- Website Task Manager
- Incognito Mode
- Reopen mistakenly closed tabs
- Quick Launch Bar
- Browser History
YouTube is one of the largest video streaming websites on the web and is a place where millions of people upload, view, and share videos. To say it is wildly popular would be a massive understatement. However, YouTube wasn’t always this great. Google acquired YouTube in 2006 and constantly improved it to be the biggest video-sharing platform worldwide. The video-on-demand market has exploded in the last few years and credit goes to YouTube. The free-to-use service boasts more than a billion users across the globe and closes to a billion hours of video watched every day.
Features of YouTube:
- Search and watch videos
- Upload your videos
- Monetize your videos to earn money
- Subscribe to YouTube channels from the creators
- Create Playlists of Music, Shows, etc.
While there are various other Google services people use in their day-to-day activities like Google Cloud Platform, Google Play, and many more, in this blog we have listed the most used platforms worldwide. Which one of these services do you use the most? Let us know in the comments! | <urn:uuid:f7276759-de3e-4ba3-8a3e-9969284eacd5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://blog.boxysuite.com/google/google-services-and-their-features/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.926775 | 3,888 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Monsanto and Sapphire Energy to collaborate to advance yield and stress research; Monsanto taking equity stake in Sapphire
Monsanto Company and Sapphire Energy, Inc., which applies synthetic biology to produce drop-in replacement fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel from algae, will enter a multi-year collaboration that will leverage Sapphire’s algae-based research platform to discover genes that could be applied to agriculture, particularly in the field of yield and stress.
Under the agreement, Monsanto and Sapphire will collaborate on algae-based research projects, and Monsanto will make an equity investment in Sapphire. Other terms of the agreement were not disclosed.
The collaboration will enable Monsanto to tap Sapphire’s algal expertise and research tools, which can be used to screen for promising traits in algae that might have applicability in modern agriculture. For Sapphire, this collaboration will push the known boundaries of algal science to search not only for traits that will impact traditional agricultural crops, but will also accelerate Sapphire’s road to commercializing algae as a renewable energy crop.
The collaboration will focus on identifying genes that positively affect growth in algae, a target for Sapphire, which might increase crop yields as well.
Sapphire’s expertise in algal research offers a novel platform that will allow us to screen and identify promising genes faster. We face a common goal in looking for ways to improve upon an organism’s ability to achieve greater productivity under optimal and sub-optimal environmental conditions. Together with Sapphire, we can identify genes affecting such traits in algae that might also be applied to corn, cotton, soybeans and other crops.—Robb Fraley, Monsanto’s chief technology officer
Algae are an excellent discovery tool because they have a similar photosynthetic process to other plants but are simple and efficient to work with, Fraley said. Algae also can be grown, screened, tested and selected with high throughput tools, which enables a relatively fast process for researchers. | <urn:uuid:2eec838e-fae5-4256-bcb4-9ce6b1320c3e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greencarcongress.com/2011/03/monsanto-20110308.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.921981 | 402 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Pioneering craftsmanship and innovation since its foundation in 1853, Tissot has always had its home in the Swiss watchmaking town of Le Locle in the Jura Mountains. Founded by father and son Charles-Felicien and Charles-Emile Tissot, the brand at first designed dual time pocket watches that embodied their innovative spirit and profound respect for the watchmaking tradition.
In 1858, Tissot sold their Savonnette pocket watches to the Czar of Russia and his officers, and a manufacture was set up to keep pace with the brand’s growth and demand for their products. Always keen to push the boundaries of innovation, in 1930, whilst working under a manufacturing partnership with the Brandt brothers (founders of Omega), Tissot succeeded in designing the first ever anti-magnetic watch. They followed this innovation in 1970 with another revolutionary timepiece – the Tissot IDEA also known as Astrolon. This game-changing watch was the first timepiece to be produced with a plastic mechanical movement and case, and would go on to inspire what is now known as the Swatch watch a decade later.
1996 heralded a new era for Tissot when François Thiebaud was appointed head of the company. Under his leadership, two flagship lines were created: the Tissot T collection which was designed by women for women, only later expanding to include men’s models, and the first touch-screen technology watch, the Tissot T-Touch. Utilising pioneering technology a decade before it became available in other applications such as mobile phones, Tissot developed a range of revolutionary watches such as the Tissot Sailing-Touch, Tissot Sea-Touch and Tissot T-Touch Expert which equipped their users with top-quality instrumental functions which could be operated with a simple finger-stroke across the glass.
Continuing to champion the principles of excellence, precision and watchmaking craftsmanship upon which the brand was founded, Tissot underlines its core values of performance and respect for tradition as official timekeeper of FIBA, AFL, MotoGP, FIM Superbike and the World Championships of cycling, fencing and ice hockey.Shop Tissot | <urn:uuid:865ea826-dc0e-4a02-9ec8-11788ea48e4c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.beaverbrooks.co.uk/info/tissot | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00271-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966973 | 460 | 1.882813 | 2 |
In the 21st century, leaving home without a pair of headphones simply isn’t an option. I know this isn’t true for everyone, but I end up kicking myself if I forget my headphones on the way out, even if I’m just walking down the street to grab some groceries. Whether it’s podcasts or music, I need something other than the sound of traffic in my ears.
Whether you’re as obsessive with your headphone habits as I am or not, you might be surprised to learn that there are several simple ways to improve the sound quality of your headphones without spending a cent.
DON’T MISS: 5 secret features hiding inside your iPhone
Last week, CNET’s Steve Guttenberg published an article about how to make your headphones sound better. Although some of the tips are painfully obvious, there are others you might never have thought of without someone pointing them out.
- Put the left channel in your left ear and the right channel in your right ear. There’s a good chance you’re already following this rule, but it will ensure you’re listening to the stereo mix as the engineers intended when they produced the audio.
- If you use on-ear headphones (rather than in-ear), move the cups up and down to see how they sound depending on their position on your head. Even a slight change could make a noticeable difference.
- In-ear headphone users who want an optimal experience should spend the time and money on tips that actually fit comfortably inside their ear while making a seal that will contain the sound. For some, the standard tips that come with the headphones will be fine, but others should search around until they find the right fit.
If all else fails, it might be time to invest in new headphones. | <urn:uuid:c2de4867-b16f-4c87-af17-a1ef996d7a20> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bgr.com/2016/02/09/how-to-improve-headphone-sound-quality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00202-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931814 | 375 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Target: Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Goal: Don’t allow Iranian girls under ten years of age to be forced into marriage.
The Iranian Parliament recently issued a statement claiming that the prohibition of marriage to girls less than ten years of age is ‘un-Islamic and illegal’. A child’s body at this age, however, is not ready for sexual activity, and the risk of dying during pregnancy or childbirth is increased many times over in such young mothers. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad must uphold the law that prohibits marrying younger than ten.
While allowing Iranian ten-year-olds to be married off is outrageous enough, to remove this law completely and expose girls to marriage at any age would be a grave mistake. These children are not emotionally or physically prepared for an adult relationship, nor are they ready for the responsibilities of maintaining a household. A nine-year-old girl should spend her time learning and playing, not tending to a much-older husband.
Parents of young brides often feel that marriage is a way to protect their daughters from random sexual assault, or to prevent them from becoming pregnant out of wedlock. For poorer families, an early marriage may mean one less mouth to feed. Whatever the reason, it’s a decision families in Iran make often, and removing the age restriction will only worsen the situation.
Don’t let the Iranian government rob countless young girls of their health and childhood. By signing the petition below, you can ask Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad not to remove the law that forbids marriage before age ten.
Dear President Ahmadinejad,
The Iranian law that prohibits the marriage of a girl younger than ten must remain in place in order to protect your citizens. To remove this law would expose young girls to marriage at any age, and represents a potential human rights tragedy in your country. Girls this young are not physically or psychologically ready for an adult marriage. Their bodies are too young for sexual activity and childbirth, and greatly susceptible to resulting physical complications and death.
In addition, children at this age should be spending their time learning and playing, not maintaining their own household. To rob these girls of their childhood and education sets them up for a stunted life of dependency. Every child deserves the right to a true childhood. Please protect young Iranian girls from the dangers of premature adulthood by upholding the law that prohibits marriage before age ten.
[Your Name Here]
Photo credit: Peyman via Flickr. | <urn:uuid:2ff6f646-b56a-45e8-86ca-86ba0b5a7553> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://forcechange.com/31008/stop-iran-from-legalizing-marriage-to-girls-younger-than-ten/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00343-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946824 | 506 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Bhatti knows that’s not always the case. Every year she visits India to provide much-needed free eye care to some of the country’s poorest communities. It is part of her work with Vision Bharat UK, a charity she set up in 2014.
It also, she says, puts the very real challenges of UK social work in context.
“When your manager tells you no, they’ve decided you can’t have that funding, you just think ‘oh my goodness why can’t they see what I see?’ It’s so, so hard,” Bhatti says.
“But when you look back and think about where you’ve been – those people haven’t got anything. At least here we’ve got a system in place, people have got some support.”
Bhatti’s 24 year social work career has spanned many parts of that system. She says her decision to enter one of the caring professions was likely influenced by her upbringing.
SOCIAL WORKER OF THE YEAR AWARDS
Anju Bhatti was recognised for her achievements at the 2015 Social Worker of the Year Awards, where she received the Lifetime Achievement Award.
If you know a colleague who should be nominated, enter here. The closing date is 22 July.
Bhatti grew up in Uganda but came to the UK as a refugee in 1972 – a period when Ugandan dictator Idi Amin ordered the expulsion of the country’s Asian minorities. She was 11-years-old at the time and was accompanied by her mother and adopted sister [who is also now a social worker].
Her father died the year before they left, but she remembers fondly his kindness to others – something that enabled the family to start a new life in this country.
“We had a struggle when we came here as children, we had lost everything, but because he always helped people, that really helped us in the future,” she says.
“When we were rehoused it was with one of his connections.”
The family spent nine months in a refugee camp before they were rehoused. Much of Bhatti’s time was spent caring for her mother, who was a diabetic, and her sister, who had lupus.
“It’s quite interesting that both of us went into social work,” Bhatti says. “Even at the camp we used to get called into interpret in the kitchen or by the health worker for her clients…
“We both started at a very young age,” she laughs.
Bhatti’s professional training started in nursing but after the birth of her first child she took a voluntary placement in an Asian women’s refuge. The experience sparked her interest in social work.
“I really liked the fact this work involved looking at not only the physiological side of care but social issues as well,” she says.
Bhatti went on to qualify from Reading University in 1992. Her first post was in a hospital.
“I just felt really at home in a hospital having done my nursing training and that’s where I wanted to be really,
“I felt at least I will understand patient care and I’ll be able to offer something different as well – by looking at the social and psychological aspects of care.”
In 1996, Bhatti moved to Wokingham where she now works as part of a team that provides long-term social work support to older adults and people with learning and physical disabilities. Her service, Optalis, is a local authority trading company.
“It’s quite a diverse client group,” she says. “When I first took on some learning disabled clients I thought ‘oh gosh, I’ve never done this’ – I’ve always felt more comfortable working with older people and those with physical disabilities because I know a lot about illnesses.
“But I realised that my skills are easily transferrable – I have a good grasp of those clients now, the different aspects of care, different resources, and the legislation.”
Her work with the team has provided one of her career highlights, says Bhatti. A woman with learning disabilities had been living in a mental health institution for a very long time. With Bhatti’s support she has since been able to return to live in the community.
“It was really nice to hear that people you have done the work for have now moved on and you’ve actually made a difference in their life,” she says.
Through her work with Vision Bharat UK Bhatti has also made a difference to the lives of families in India. She says she feels “really lucky” Optalis has supported her to take an annual sabbatical for the past two years.
On this year’s trip she travelled to Gujarat, India’s westernmost state, to provide an eye camp for children.
“We’ve never really done one for children before and it was quite soul-destroying really,” she recalls. “The state where we were working has a high rate of childhood blindness.
“Blindness is four times higher in poorer families and what really gripped us was how many children have a condition called Retinopathy of Prematurity.”
The disease occurs in babies born prematurely and is caused by abnormal blood vessels in the retina – if children don’t get the right support when they’re born then it is often missed.
“A lot of the people we saw are people who were not even able to access medical care at that time, so you just realised there are going to be communities of children in this state who are going to be blind through no fault of their own or their parents,” Bhatti says.
“It was so sad, because if those children had been treated at an early age [then it would have been different] – but they came to the camp and we had to say we can’t do anything for you.”
What Bhatti can do though, is use her social work skills to help these children – she’s already planning how to improve their lives next time she visits.
“From a social care point of view, it’s about thinking ‘okay, we’ve got these blind children, we didn’t know this was a problem, so what else can we do?’
“Next time we’ll make sure we do things like vision aids – these children have got to live like this so we need to improvise and do what we can to maximise their sight.”
The second part of her sabbatical was spent with an organisation called Lakshya Charitable Trust, working on an HIV awareness project with the LGBT community – two new areas of social work for her.
“We did a lot of work with the hijras (transgender) community in India,” she says. “They are completely segregated as a community and because of this there tends to be a very high percentage of sex workers, so I was working with them on HIV awareness and prevention.
“That was a real eye opener for me and something that I really enjoyed.”
Bhatti’s hoping to return to work with this organisation in the future and is thinking about how she can get some voluntary experience here in the UK to widen her knowledge of the issues LGBT communities face, as well as raising some funds for the charity.
What she won’t do – but wishes she felt able to – is return to Uganda.
“Obviously it was a very traumatic experience,” she says. “If I’d got over it then I would have loved to go back and do some work there, these are the areas that really need volunteers.
“But I just haven’t got the courage. Hearing gunshots, the things that I’m left with…
“I do think it [Uganda] had an impact on my social work career though – I remember our father used to do a lot of work with local missionaries and that’s always stayed in my mind.
“He always placed this emphasis on how you should help people and my sister and I are very caring people – it’s just in our make-up I think.”
Source: Community Care | <urn:uuid:8eb05cdd-7fb4-42c4-b566-ef5783d2a82b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.4socialwork.com/blog/2016/06/from-war-torn-uganda-to-wokingham-award-winning-social-worker-reflects-on-career | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984428 | 1,803 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Distance from Mairinque to Ararangua
Distance from Mairinque to Araranguá is 640 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 398 miles.
The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Mairinque and Araranguá is 640 km= 398 miles.
If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Mairinque to Ararangua, It takes 0.71 hours to arrive.
Mairinque is located in Brazil.
|GPS Coordinates (DMS)||23° 32´ 44.9880'' S |
47° 10´ 59.9880'' W
Mairinque Distances to Cities
|Distance from Mairinque to Campo Mourao||532 km|
|Distance from Mairinque to Alegre||659 km|
|Distance from Mairinque to Itaqui||1,120 km|
|Distance from Mairinque to Jau||198 km|
|Distance from Mairinque to Brasilia||863 km|
Ararangua is located in Brazil.
|GPS Coordinates||28° 56´ 8.7000'' S |
49° 29´ 43.3680'' W
Araranguá Distances to Cities
|Distance from Ararangua to Aracaju||2,378 km|
|Distance from Ararangua to Trindade 26||177 km|
|Distance from Ararangua to Jaru||2,454 km|
|Distance from Ararangua to Aracuai||1,539 km|
|Distance from Ararangua to Arapongas||641 km| | <urn:uuid:f8056e58-e545-4313-bde6-3018ebee6494> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.distancefromto.net/distance-from-mairinque-br-to-ararangua-br | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.708658 | 374 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Part 16 out of 21
"Our Father! Yes, that's wery good, sir."
"Which art in heaven."
"Art in heaven--is the light a-comin, sir?"
"It is close at hand. Hallowed by thy name!"
The light is come upon the dark benighted way. Dead!
Dead, your Majesty. Dead, my lords and gentlemen. Dead, right
reverends and wrong reverends of every order. Dead, men and women,
born with heavenly compassion in your hearts. And dying thus
around us every day.
The place in Lincolnshire has shut its many eyes again, and the
house in town is awake. In Lincolnshire the Dedlocks of the past
doze in their picture-frames, and the low wind murmurs through the
long drawing-room as if they were breathing pretty regularly. In
town the Dedlocks of the present rattle in their fire-eyed
carriages through the darkness of the night, and the Dedlock
Mercuries, with ashes (or hair-powder) on their heads, symptomatic
of their great humility, loll away the drowsy mornings in the
little windows of the hall. The fashionable world--tremendous orb,
nearly five miles round--is in full swing, and the solar system
works respectfully at its appointed distances.
Where the throng is thickest, where the lights are brightest, where
all the senses are ministered to with the greatest delicacy and
refinement, Lady Dedlock is. From the shining heights she has
scaled and taken, she is never absent. Though the belief she of
old reposed in herself as one able to reserve whatsoever she would
under her mantle of pride is beaten down, though she has no
assurance that what she is to those around her she will remain
another day, it is not in her nature when envious eyes are looking
on to yield or to droop. They say of her that she has lately grown
more handsome and more haughty. The debilitated cousin says of
her that she's beauty nough--tsetup shopofwomen--but rather
larming kind--remindingmanfact--inconvenient woman--who WILL
Mr. Tulkinghorn says nothing, looks nothing. Now, as heretofore,
he is to be found in doorways of rooms, with his limp white cravat
loosely twisted into its old-fashioned tie, receiving patronage
from the peerage and making no sign. Of all men he is still the
last who might be supposed to have any influence upon my Lady. Of
all woman she is still the last who might be supposed to have any
dread of him.
One thing has been much on her mind since their late interview in
his turret-room at Chesney Wold. She is now decided, and prepared
to throw it off.
It is morning in the great world, afternoon according to the little
sun. The Mercuries, exhausted by looking out of window, are
reposing in the hall and hang their heavy heads, the gorgeous
creatures, like overblown sunflowers. Like them, too, they seem to
run to a deal of seed in their tags and trimmings. Sir Leicester,
in the library, has fallen asleep for the good of the country over
the report of a Parliamentary committee. My Lady sits in the room
in which she gave audience to the young man of the name of Guppy.
Rosa is with her and has been writing for her and reading to her.
Rosa is now at work upon embroidery or some such pretty thing, and
as she bends her head over it, my Lady watches her in silence. Not
for the first time to-day.
The pretty village face looks brightly up. Then, seeing how
serious my Lady is, looks puzzled and surprised.
"See to the door. Is it shut?"
Yes. She goes to it and returns, and looks yet more surprised.
"I am about to place confidence in you, child, for I know I may
trust your attachment, if not your judgment. In what I am going to
do, I will not disguise myself to you at least. But I confide in
you. Say nothing to any one of what passes between us."
The timid little beauty promises in all earnestness to be
"Do you know," Lady Dedlock asks her, signing to her to bring her
chair nearer, "do you know, Rosa, that I am different to you from
what I am to any one?"
"Yes, my Lady. Much kinder. But then I often think I know you as
you really are."
"You often think you know me as I really am? Poor child, poor
She says it with a kind of scorn--though not of Rosa--and sits
brooding, looking dreamily at her.
"Do you think, Rosa, you are any relief or comfort to me? Do you
suppose your being young and natural, and fond of me and grateful
to me, makes it any pleasure to me to have you near me?"
"I don't know, my Lady; I can scarcely hope so. But with all my
heart, I wish it was so."
"It is so, little one."
The pretty face is checked in its flush of pleasure by the dark
expression on the handsome face before it. It looks timidly for an
"And if I were to say to-day, 'Go! Leave me!' I should say what
would give me great pain and disquiet, child, and what would leave
me very solitary."
"My Lady! Have I offended you?"
"In nothing. Come here."
Rosa bends down on the footstool at my Lady's feet. My Lady, with
that motherly touch of the famous ironmaster night, lays her hand
upon her dark hair and gently keeps it there.
"I told you, Rosa, that I wished you to be happy and that I would
make you so if I could make anybody happy on this earth. I cannot.
There are reasons now known to me, reasons in which you have no
part, rendering it far better for you that you should not remain
here. You must not remain here. I have determined that you shall
not. I have written to the father of your lover, and he will be
here to-day. All this I have done for your sake."
The weeping girl covers her hand with kisses and says what shall
she do, what shall she do, when they are separated! Her mistress
kisses her on the cheek and makes no other answer.
"Now, be happy, child, under better circumstances. Be beloved and
"Ah, my Lady, I have sometimes thought--forgive my being so free--
that YOU are not happy."
"Will you be more so when you have sent me away? Pray, pray, think
again. Let me stay a little while!"
"I have said, my child, that what I do, I do for your sake, not my
own. It is done. What I am towards you, Rosa, is what I am now--
not what I shall be a little while hence. Remember this, and keep
my confidence. Do so much for my sake, and thus all ends between
She detaches herself from her simple-hearted companion and leaves
the room. Late in the afternoon, when she next appears upon the
staircase, she is in her haughtiest and coldest state. As
indifferent as if all passion, feeling, and interest had been worn
out in the earlier ages of the world and had perished from its
surface with its other departed monsters.
Mercury has announced Mr. Rouncewell, which is the cause of her
appearance. Mr. Rouncewell is not in the library, but she repairs
to the library. Sir Leicester is there, and she wishes to speak to
"Sir Leicester, I am desirous--but you are engaged."
Oh, dear no! Not at all. Only Mr. Tulkinghorn.
Always at hand. Haunting every place. No relief or security from
him for a moment.
"I beg your pardon, Lady Dedlock. Will you allow me to retire?"
With a look that plainly says, "You know you have the power to
remain if you will," she tells him it is not necessary and moves
towards a chair. Mr. Tulkinghorn brings it a little forward for
her with his clumsy bow and retires into a window opposite.
Interposed between her and the fading light of day in the now quiet
street, his shadow falls upon her, and he darkens all before her.
Even so does he darken her life.
It is a dull street under the best conditions, where the two long
rows of houses stare at each other with that severity that half-a-
dozen of its greatest mansions seem to have been slowly stared into
stone rather than originally built in that material. It is a
street of such dismal grandeur, so determined not to condescend to
liveliness, that the doors and windows hold a gloomy state of their
own in black paint and dust, and the echoing mews behind have a dry
and massive appearance, as if they were reserved to stable the
stone chargers of noble statues. Complicated garnish of iron-work
entwines itself over the flights of steps in this awful street, and
from these petrified bowers, extinguishers for obsolete flambeaux
gasp at the upstart gas. Here and there a weak little iron hoop,
through which bold boys aspire to throw their friends' caps (its
only present use), retains its place among the rusty foliage,
sacred to the memory of departed oil. Nay, even oil itself, yet
lingering at long intervals in a little absurd glass pot, with a
knob in the bottom like an oyster, blinks and sulks at newer lights
every night, like its high and dry master in the House of Lords.
Therefore there is not much that Lady Dedlock, seated in her chair,
could wish to see through the window in which Mr. Tulkinghorn
stands. And yet--and yet--she sends a look in that direction as if
it were her heart's desire to have that figure moved out of the
Sir Leicester begs his Lady's pardon. She was about to say?
"Only that Mr. Rouncewell is here (he has called by my appointment)
and that we had better make an end of the question of that girl. I
am tired to death of the matter."
"What can I do--to--assist?" demands Sir Leicester in some
"Let us see him here and have done with it. Will you tell them to
send him up?"
"Mr. Tulkinghorn, be so good as to ring. Thank you. Request,"
says Sir Leicester to Mercury, not immediately remembering the
business term, "request the iron gentleman to walk this way."
Mercury departs in search of the iron gentleman, finds, and
produces him. Sir Leicester receives that ferruginous person
"I hope you are well, Mr. Rouncewell. Be seated. (My solicitor,
Mr. Tulkinghorn.) My Lady was desirous, Mr. Rouncewell," Sir
Leicester skilfully transfers him with a solemn wave of his hand,
"was desirous to speak with you. Hem!"
"I shall be very happy," returns the iron gentleman, "to give my
best attention to anything Lady Dedlock does me the honour to say."
As he turns towards her, he finds that the impression she makes
upon him is less agreeable than on the former occasion. A distant
supercilious air makes a cold atmosphere about her, and there is
nothing in her bearing, as there was before, to encourage openness.
"Pray, sir," says Lady Dedlock listlessly, "may I be allowed to
inquire whether anything has passed between you and your son
respecting your son's fancy?"
It is almost too troublesome to her languid eyes to bestow a look
upon him as she asks this question.
"If my memory serves me, Lady Dedlock, I said, when I had the
pleasure of seeing you before, that I should seriously advise my
son to conquer that--fancy." The ironmaster repeats her expression
with a little emphasis.
"And did you?"
"Oh! Of course I did."
Sir Leicester gives a nod, approving and confirmatory. Very
proper. The iron gentleman, having said that he would do it, was
bound to do it. No difference in this respect between the base
metals and the precious. Highly proper.
"And pray has he done so?"
"Really, Lady Dedlock, I cannot make you a definite reply. I fear
not. Probably not yet. In our condition of life, we sometimes
couple an intention with our--our fancies which renders them not
altogether easy to throw off. I think it is rather our way to be
Sir Leicester has a misgiving that there may be a hidden Wat
Tylerish meaning in this expression, and fumes a little. Mr.
Rouncewell is perfectly good-humoured and polite, but within such
limits, evidently adapts his tone to his reception.
"Because," proceeds my Lady, "I have been thinking of the subject,
which is tiresome to me."
"I am very sorry, I am sure."
"And also of what Sir Leicester said upon it, in which I quite
concur"--Sir Leicester flattered--"and if you cannot give us the
assurance that this fancy is at an end, I have come to the
conclusion that the girl had better leave me."
"I can give no such assurance, Lady Dedlock. Nothing of the kind."
"Then she had better go."
"Excuse me, my Lady," Sir Leicester considerately interposes, "but
perhaps this may be doing an injury to the young woman which she
has not merited. Here is a young woman," says Sir Leicester,
magnificently laying out the matter with his right hand like a
service of plate, "whose good fortune it is to have attracted the
notice and favour of an eminent lady and to live, under the
protection of that eminent lady, surrounded by the various
advantages which such a position confers, and which are
unquestionably very great--I believe unquestionably very great,
sir--for a young woman in that station of life. The question then
arises, should that young woman be deprived of these many
advantages and that good fortune simply because she has"--Sir
Leicester, with an apologetic but dignified inclination of his head
towards the ironmaster, winds up his sentence--"has attracted the
notice of Mr Rouncewell's son? Now, has she deserved this
punishment? Is this just towards her? Is this our previous
"I beg your pardon," interposes Mr. Rouncewell's son's father.
"Sir Leicester, will you allow me? I think I may shorten the
subject. Pray dismiss that from your consideration. If you
remember anything so unimportant--which is not to be expected--you
would recollect that my first thought in the affair was directly
opposed to her remaining here."
Dismiss the Dedlock patronage from consideration? Oh! Sir
Leicester is bound to believe a pair of ears that have been handed
down to him through such a family, or he really might have
mistrusted their report of the iron gentleman's observations.
"It is not necessary," observes my Lady in her coldest manner
before he can do anything but breathe amazedly, "to enter into
these matters on either side. The girl is a very good girl; I have
nothing whatever to say against her, but she is so far insensible
to her many advantages and her good fortune that she is in love--or
supposes she is, poor little fool--and unable to appreciate them."
Sir Leicester begs to observe that wholly alters the case. He
might have been sure that my Lady had the best grounds and reasons
in support of her view. He entirely agrees with my Lady. The
young woman had better go.
"As Sir Leicester observed, Mr. Rouncewell, on the last occasion
when we were fatigued by this business," Lady Dedlock languidly
proceeds, "we cannot make conditions with you. Without conditions,
and under present circumstances, the girl is quite misplaced here
and had better go. I have told her so. Would you wish to have her
sent back to the village, or would you like to take her with you,
or what would you prefer?"
"Lady Dedlock, if I may speak plainly--"
"By all means."
"--I should prefer the course which will the soonest relieve you of
the incumbrance and remove her from her present position."
"And to speak as plainly," she returns with the same studied
carelessness, "so should I. Do I understand that you will take her
The iron gentleman makes an iron bow.
"Sir Leicester, will you ring?" Mr. Tulkinghorn steps forward from
his window and pulls the bell. "I had forgotten you. Thank you."
He makes his usual bow and goes quietly back again. Mercury,
swift-responsive, appears, receives instructions whom to produce,
skims away, produces the aforesaid, and departs.
Rosa has been crying and is yet in distress. On her coming in, the
ironmaster leaves his chair, takes her arm in his, and remains with
her near the door ready to depart.
"You are taken charge of, you see," says my Lady in her weary
manner, "and are going away well protected. I have mentioned that
you are a very good girl, and you have nothing to cry for."
"She seems after all," observes Mr. Tulkinghorn, loitering a little
forward with his hands behind him, "as if she were crying at going
"Why, she is not well-bred, you see," returns Mr. Rouncewell with
some quickness in his manner, as if he were glad to have the lawyer
to retort upon, "and she is an inexperienced little thing and knows
no better. If she had remained here, sir, she would have improved,
"No doubt," is Mr. Tulkinghorn's composed reply.
Rosa sobs out that she is very sorry to leave my Lady, and that she
was happy at Chesney Wold, and has been happy with my Lady, and
that she thanks my Lady over and over again. "Out, you silly
little puss!" says the ironmaster, checking her in a low voice,
though not angrily. "Have a spirit, if you're fond of Watt!" My
Lady merely waves her off with indifference, saying, "There, there,
child! You are a good girl. Go away!" Sir Leicester has
magnificently disengaged himself from the subject and retired into
the sanctuary of his blue coat. Mr. Tulkinghorn, an indistinct
form against the dark street now dotted with lamps, looms in my
Lady's view, bigger and blacker than before.
"Sir Leicester and Lady Dedlock," says Mr. Rouncewell after a pause
of a few moments, "I beg to take my leave, with an apology for
having again troubled you, though not of my own act, on this
tiresome subject. I can very well understand, I assure you, how
tiresome so small a matter must have become to Lady Dedlock. If I
am doubtful of my dealing with it, it is only because I did not at
first quietly exert my influence to take my young friend here away
without troubling you at all. But it appeared to me--I dare say
magnifying the importance of the thing--that it was respectful to
explain to you how the matter stood and candid to consult your
wishes and convenience. I hope you will excuse my want of
acquaintance with the polite world."
Sir Leicester considers himself evoked out of the sanctuary by
these remarks. "Mr. Rouncewell," he returns, "do not menfion it.
Justifications are unnecessary, I hope, on either side."
"I am glad to hear it, Sir Leicester; and if I may, by way of a
last word, revert to what I said before of my mother's long
connexion with the family and the worth it bespeaks on both sides,
I would point out this little instance here on my arm who shows
herself so affectionate and faithful in parting and in whom my
mother, I dare say, has done something to awaken such feelings--
though of course Lady Dedlock, by her heartfelt interest and her
genial condescension, has done much more.
If he mean this ironically, it may be truer than he thinks. He
points it, however, by no deviation from his straightforward manner
of speech, though in saying it he turns towards that part of the
dim room where my Lady sits. Sir Leicester stands to return his
parting salutation, Mr. Tulkinghorn again rings, Mercury takes
another flight, and Mr. Rouncewell and Rosa leave the house.
Then lights are brought in, discovering Mr. Tulkinghorn still
standing in his window with his hands behind him and my Lady still
sitting with his figure before her, closing up her view of the
night as well as of the day. She is very pale. Mr. Tulkinghorn,
observing it as she rises to retire, thinks, "Well she may be! The
power of this woman is astonishing. She has been acting a part the
whole time." But he can act a part too--his one unchanging
character--and as he holds the door open for this woman, fifty
pairs of eyes, each fifty times sharper than Sir Leicester's pair,
should find no flaw in him.
Lady Dedlock dines alone in her own room to-day. Sir Leicester is
whipped in to the rescue of the Doodle Party and the discomfiture
of the Coodle Faction. Lady Dedlock asks on sitting down to
dinner, still deadly pale (and quite an illustration of the
debilitated cousin's text), whether he is gone out? Yes. Whether
Mr. Tulkinghorn is gone yet? No. Presently she asks again, is he
gone YET? No. What is he doing? Mercury thinks he is writing
letters in the library. Would my Lady wish to see him? Anything
But he wishes to see my Lady. Within a few more minutes he is
reported as sending his respects, and could my Lady please to
receive him for a word or two after her dinner? My Lady will
receive him now. He comes now, apologizing for intruding, even by
her permission, while she is at table. When they are alone, my
Lady waves her hand to dispense with such mockeries.
"What do you want, sir?"
"Why, Lady Dedlock," says the lawyer, taking a chair at a little
distance from her and slowly rubbing his rusty legs up and down, up
and down, up and down, "I am rather surprised by the course you
"Yes, decidedly. I was not prepared for it. I consider it a
departure from our agreement and your promise. It puts us in a new
position, Lady Dedlock. I feel myself under the necessity of
saying that I don't approve of it."
He stops in his rubbing and looks at her, with his hands on his
knees. Imperturbable and unchangeable as he is, there is still an
indefinable freedom in his manner which is new and which does not
escape this woman's observation.
"I do not quite understand you."
"Oh, yes you do, I think. I think you do. Come, come, Lady
Dedlock, we must not fence and parry now. You know you like this
"And you know--and I know--that you have not sent her away for the
reasons you have assigned, but for the purpose of separating her as
much as possible from--excuse my mentioning it as a matter of
business--any reproach and exposure that impend over yourself."
"Well, Lady Dedlock," returns the lawyer, crossing his legs and
nursing the uppermost knee. "I object to that. I consider that a
dangerous proceeding. I know it to be unnecessary and calculated
to awaken speculation, doubt, rumour, I don't know what, in the
house. Besides, it is a violation of our agreement. You were to
be exactly what you were before. Whereas, it must be evident to
yourself, as it is to me, that you have been this evening very
different from what you were before. Why, bless my soul, Lady
Dedlock, transparenfly so!"
"If, sir," she begins, "in my knowledge of my secret--" But he
"Now, Lady Dedlock, this is a matter of business, and in a matter
of business the ground cannot be kept too clear. It is no longer
your secret. Excuse me. That is just the mistake. It is my
secret, in trust for Sir Leicester and the family. If it were your
secret, Lady Dedlock, we should not be here holding this
"That is very true. If in my knowledge of THE secret I do what I
can to spare an innocent girl (especially, remembering your own
reference to her when you told my story to the assembled guests at
Chesney Wold) from the taint of my impending shame, I act upon a
resolution I have taken. Nothing in the world, and no one in the
world, could shake it or could move me." This she says with great
deliberation and distinctness and with no more outward passion than
himself. As for him, he methodically discusses his matter of
business as if she were any insensible instrument used in business.
"Really? Then you see, Lady Dedlock," he returns, "you are not to
be trusted. You have put the case in a perfecfly plain way, and
according to the literal fact; and that being the case, you are not
to be trusted."
"Perhaps you may remember that I expressed some anxiety on this
same point when we spoke at night at Chesney Wold?"
"Yes," says Mr. Tulkinghorn, coolly getting up and standing on the
hearth. "Yes. I recollect, Lady Dedlock, that you certainly
referred to the girl, but that was before we came to our
arrangement, and both the letter and the spirit of our arrangement
altogether precluded any action on your part founded upon my
discovery. There can be no doubt about that. As to sparing the
girl, of what importance or value is she? Spare! Lady Dedlock,
here is a family name compromised. One might have supposed that
the course was straight on--over everything, neither to the right
nor to the left, regardless of all considerations in the way,
sparing nothing, treading everything under foot."
She has been looking at the table. She lifts up her eyes and looks
at him. There is a stern expression on her face and a part of her
lower lip is compressed under her teeth. "This woman understands
me," Mr. Tulkinghorn thinks as she lets her glance fall again.
"SHE cannot be spared. Why should she spare others?"
For a little while they are silent. Lady Dedlock has eaten no
dinner, but has twice or thrice poured out water with a steady hand
and drunk it. She rises from table, takes a lounging-chair, and
reclines in it, shading her face. There is nothing in her manner
to express weakness or excite compassion. It is thoughtful,
gloomy, concentrated. "This woman," thinks Mr. Tulkinghorn,
standing on the hearth, again a dark object closing up her view,
"is a study."
He studies her at his leisure, not speaking for a time. She too
studies something at her leisure. She is not the first to speak,
appearing indeed so unlikely to be so, though he stood there until
midnight, that even he is driven upon breaking silence.
"Lady Dedlock, the most disagreeable part of this business
interview remains, but it is business. Our agreement is broken. A
lady of your sense and strength of character will be prepared for
my now declaring it void and taking my own course."
"I am quite prepared."
Mr. Tulkinghorn inclines his head. "That is all I have to trouble
you with, Lady Dedlock."
She stops him as he is moving out of the room by asking, "This is
the notice I was to receive? I wish not to misapprehend you."
"Not exactly the notice you were to receive, Lady Dedlock, because
the contemplated notice supposed the agreement to have been
observed. But virtually the same, virtually the same. The
difference is merely in a lawyer's mind."
"You intend to give me no other notice?"
"You are right. No."
"Do you contemplate undeceiving Sir Leicester to-night?"
"A home question!" says Mr. Tulkinghorn with a slight smile and
cautiously shaking his head at the shaded face. "No, not to-
"All things considered, I had better decline answering that
question, Lady Dedlock. If I were to say I don't know when,
exactly, you would not believe me, and it would answer no purpose.
It may be to-morrow. I would rather say no more. You are
prepared, and I hold out no expectations which circumstances might
fail to justify. I wish you good evening."
She removes her hand, turns her pale face towards him as he walks
silently to the door, and stops him once again as he is about to
"Do you intend to remain in the house any time? I heard you were
writing in the library. Are you going to return there?"
"Only for my hat. I am going home."
She bows her eyes rather than her head, the movement is so slight
and curious, and he withdraws. Clear of the room he looks at his
watch but is inclined to doubt it by a minute or thereabouts.
There is a splendid clock upon the staircase, famous, as splendid
clocks not often are, for its accuracy. "And what do YOU say," Mr.
Tulkinghorn inquires, referring to it. "What do you say?"
If it said now, "Don't go home!" What a famous clock, hereafter,
if it said to-night of all the nights that it has counted off, to
this old man of all the young and old men who have ever stood
before it, "Don't go home!" With its sharp clear bell it strikes
three quarters after seven and ticks on again. "Why, you are worse
than I thought you," says Mr. Tulkinghorn, muttering reproof to his
watch. "Two minutes wrong? At this rate you won't last my time."
What a watch to return good for evil if it ticked in answer, "Don't
He passes out into the streets and walks on, with his hands behind
him, under the shadow of the lofty houses, many of whose mysteries,
difficulties, mortgages, delicate affairs of all kinds, are
treasured up within his old black satin waistcoat. He is in the
confidence of the very bricks and mortar. The high chimney-stacks
telegraph family secrets to him. Yet there is not a voice in a
mile of them to whisper, "Don't go home!"
Through the stir and motion of the commoner streets; through the
roar and jar of many vehicles, many feet, many voices; with the
blazing shop-lights lighting him on, the west wind blowing him on,
and the crowd pressing him on, he is pitilessly urged upon his way,
and nothing meets him murmuring, "Don't go home!" Arrived at last
in his dull room to light his candles, and look round and up, and
see the Roman pointing from the ceiling, there is no new
significance in the Roman's hand to-night or in the flutter of the
attendant groups to give him the late warning, "Don't come here!"
It is a moonlight night, but the moon, being past the full, is only
now rising over the great wilderness of London. The stars are
shining as they shone above the turret-leads at Chesney Wold. This
woman, as he has of late been so accustomed to call her, looks out
upon them. Her soul is turbulent within her; she is sick at heart
and restless. The large rooms are too cramped and close. She
cannot endure their restraint and will walk alone in a neighbouring
Too capricious and imperious in all she does to be the cause of
much surprise in those about her as to anything she does, this
woman, loosely muffled, goes out into the moonlight. Mercury
attends with the key. Having opened the garden-gate, he delivers
the key into his Lady's hands at her request and is bidden to go
back. She will walk there some time to ease her aching head. She
may be an hour, she may be more. She needs no further escort. The
gate shuts upon its spring with a clash, and he leaves her passing
on into the dark shade of some trees.
A fine night, and a bright large moon, and multitudes of stars.
Mr. Tulkinghorn, in repairing to his cellar and in opening and
shutting those resounding doors, has to cross a little prison-like
yard. He looks up casually, thinking what a fine night, what a
bright large moon, what multitudes of stars! A quiet night, too.
A very quiet night. When the moon shines very brilliantly, a
solitude and stillness seem to proceed from her that influence even
crowded places full of life. Not only is it a still night on dusty
high roads and on hill-summits, whence a wide expanse of country
may be seen in repose, quieter and quieter as it spreads away into
a fringe of trees against the sky with the grey ghost of a bloom
upon them; not only is it a still night in gardens and in woods,
and on the river where the water-meadows are fresh and green, and
the stream sparkles on among pleasant islands, murmuring weirs, and
whispering rushes; not only does the stillness attend it as it
flows where houses cluster thick, where many bridges are reflected
in it, where wharves and shipping make it black and awful, where it
winds from these disfigurements through marshes whose grim beacons
stand like skeletons washed ashore, where it expands through the
bolder region of rising grounds, rich in cornfield wind-mill and
steeple, and where it mingles with the ever-heaving sea; not only
is it a still night on the deep, and on the shore where the watcher
stands to see the ship with her spread wings cross the path of
light that appears to be presented to only him; but even on this
stranger's wilderness of London there is some rest. Its steeples
and towers and its one great dome grow more ethereal; its smoky
house-tops lose their grossness in the pale effulgence; the noises
that arise from the streets are fewer and are softened, and the
footsteps on the pavements pass more tranquilly away. In these
fields of Mr. Tulkinghorn's inhabiting, where the shepherds play on
Chancery pipes that have no stop, and keep their sheep in the fold
by hook and by crook until they have shorn them exceeding close,
every noise is merged, this moonlight night, into a distant ringing
hum, as if the city were a vast glass, vibrating.
What's that? Who fired a gun or pistol? Where was it?
The few foot-passengers start, stop, and stare about them. Some
windows and doors are opened, and people come out to look. It was
a loud report and echoed and rattled heavily. It shook one house,
or so a man says who was passing. It has aroused all the dogs in
the neighbourhood, who bark vehemently. Terrified cats scamper
across the road. While the dogs are yet barking and howling--there
is one dog howling like a demon--the church-clocks, as if they were
startled too, begin to strike. The hum from the streets, likewise,
seems to swell into a shout. But it is soon over. Before the last
clock begins to strike ten, there is a lull. When it has ceased,
the fine night, the bright large moon, and multitudes of stars, are
left at peace again.
Has Mr. Tulkinghorn been disturbed? His windows are dark and
quiet, and his door is shut. It must be something unusual indeed
to bring him out of his shell. Nothing is heard of him, nothing is
seen of him. What power of cannon might it take to shake that
rusty old man out of his immovable composure?
For many years the persistent Roman has been pointing, with no
particular meaning, from that ceiling. It is not likely that he
has any new meaning in him to-night. Once pointing, always
pointing--like any Roman, or even Briton, with a single idea.
There he is, no doubt, in his impossible attitude, pointing,
unavailingly, all night long. Moonlight, darkness, dawn, sunrise,
day. There he is still, eagerly pointing, and no one minds him.
But a little after the coming of the day come people to clean the
rooms. And either the Roman has some new meaning in him, not
expressed before, or the foremost of them goes wild, for looking up
at his outstretched hand and looking down at what is below it, that
person shrieks and flies. The others, looking in as the first one
looked, shriek and fly too, and there is an alarm in the street.
What does it mean? No light is admitted into the darkened chamber,
and people unaccustomed to it enter, and treading softly but
heavily, carry a weight into the bedroom and lay it down. There is
whispering and wondering all day, strict search of every corner,
careful tracing of steps, and careful noting of the disposition of
every article of furniture. All eyes look up at the Roman, and all
voices murmur, "If he could only tell what he saw!"
He is pointing at a table with a bottle (nearly full of wine) and a
glass upon it and two candles that were blown out suddenly soon
after being lighted. He is pointing at an empty chair and at a
stain upon the ground before it that might be almost covered with a
hand. These objects lie directly within his range. An excited
imagination might suppose that there was something in them so
terrific as to drive the rest of the composition, not only the
attendant big-legged boys, but the clouds and flowers and pillars
too--in short, the very body and soul of Allegory, and all the
brains it has--stark mad. It happens surely that every one who
comes into the darkened room and looks at these things looks up at
the Roman and that he is invested in all eyes with mystery and awe,
as if he were a paralysed dumb witness.
So it shall happen surely, through many years to come, that ghostly
stories shall be told of the stain upon the floor, so easy to be
covered, so hard to be got out, and that the Roman, pointing from
the ceiling shall point, so long as dust and damp and spiders spare
him, with far greater significance than he ever had in Mr.
Tulkinghorn's time, and with a deadly meaning. For Mr.
Tulkinghorn's time is over for evermore, and the Roman pointed at
the murderous hand uplifted against his life, and pointed
helplessly at him, from night to morning, lying face downward on
the floor, shot through the heart.
A great annual occasion has come round in the establishment of Mr.
Matthew Bagnet, otherwise Lignum Vitae, ex-artilleryman and present
bassoon-player. An occasion of feasting and festival. The
celebration of a birthday in the family.
It is not Mr. Bagnet's birthday. Mr. Bagnet merely distinguishes
that epoch in the musical instrument business by kissing the
children with an extra smack before breakfast, smoking an
additional pipe after dinner, and wondering towards evening what
his poor old mother is thinking about it--a subject of infinite
speculation, and rendered so by his mother having departed this
life twenty years. Some men rarely revert to their father, but
seem, in the bank-books of their remembrance, to have transferred
all the stock of filial affection into their mother's name. Mr.
Bagnet is one of like his trade the better for that. If I had kept
clear of his old girl causes him usually to make the noun-
substantive "goodness" of the feminine gender.
It is not the birthday of one of the three children. Those
occasions are kept with some marks of distinction, but they rarely
overleap the bounds of happy returns and a pudding. On young
Woolwich's last birthday, Mr. Bagnet certainly did, after observing
on his growth and general advancement, proceed, in a moment of
profound reflection on the changes wrought by time, to examine him
in the catechism, accomplishing with extreme accuracy the questions
number one and two, "What is your name?" and "Who gave you that
name?" but there failing in the exact precision of his memory and
substituting for number three the question "And how do you like
that name?" which he propounded with a sense of its importance, in
itself so edifying and improving as to give it quite an orthodox
air. This, however, was a speciality on that particular birthday,
and not a general solemnity.
It is the old girl's birthday, and that is the greatest holiday and
reddest-letter day in Mr. Bagnet's calendar. The auspicious event
is always commemorated according to certain forms settled and
prescribed by Mr. Bagnet some years since. Mr. Bagnet, being
deeply convinced that to have a pair of fowls for dinner is to
attain the highest pitch of imperial luxury, invariably goes forth
himself very early in the morning of this day to buy a pair; he is,
as invariably, taken in by the vendor and installed in the
possession of the oldest inhabitants of any coop in Europe.
Returning with these triumphs of toughness tied up in a clean blue
and white cotton handkerchief (essential to the arrangements), he
in a casual manner invites Mrs. Bagnet to declare at breakfast what
she would like for dinner. Mrs. Bagnet, by a coincidence never
known to fail, replying fowls, Mr. Bagnet instantly produces his
bundle from a place of concealment amidst general amazement and
rejoicing. He further requires that the old girl shall do nothing
all day long but sit in her very best gown and be served by himself
and the young people. As he is not illustrious for his cookery,
this may be supposed to be a matter of state rather than enjoyment
on the old girl's part, but she keeps her state with all imaginable
On this present birthday, Mr. Bagnet has accomplished the usual
preliminaries. He has bought two specimens of poultry, which, if
there be any truth in adages, were certainly not caught with chaff,
to be prepared for the spit; he has amazed and rejoiced the family
by their unlooked-for production; he is himself directing the
roasting of the poultry; and Mrs. Bagnet, with her wholesome brown
fingers itching to prevent what she sees going wrong, sits in her
gown of ceremony, an honoured guest.
Quebec and Malta lay the cloth for dinner, while Woolwich, serving,
as beseems him, under his father, keeps the fowls revolving. To
these young scullions Mrs. Bagnet occasionally imparts a wink, or a
shake of the head, or a crooked face, as they made mistakes.
"At half after one." Says Mr. Bagnet. "To the minute. They'll be
Mrs. Bagnet, with anguish, beholds one of them at a standstill
before the fire and beginning to burn.
"You shall have a dinner, old girl," says Mr. Bagnet. "Fit for a
Mrs. Bagnet shows her white teeth cheerfully, but to the perception
of her son, betrays so much uneasiness of spirit that he is
impelled by the dictates of affection to ask her, with his eyes,
what is the matter, thus standing, with his eyes wide open, more
oblivious of the fowls than before, and not affording the least
hope of a return to consciousness. Fortunately his elder sister
perceives the cause of the agitation in Mrs. Bagnet's breast and
with an admonitory poke recalls him. The stopped fowls going round
again, Mrs. Bagnet closes her eyes in the intensity of her relief.
"George will look us up," says Mr. Bagnet. "At half after four.
To the moment. How many years, old girl. Has George looked us up.
"Ah, Lignum, Lignum, as many as make an old woman of a young one, I
begin to think. Just about that, and no less," returns Mrs.
Bagnet, laughing and shaking her head.
"Old girl," says Mr. Bagnet, "never mind. You'd be as young as
ever you was. If you wasn't younger. Which you are. As everybody
Quebec and Malta here exclaim, with clapping of hands, that Bluffy
is sure to bring mother something, and begin to speculate on what
it will be.
"Do you know, Lignum," says Mrs. Bagnet, casting a glance on the
table-cloth, and winking "salt!" at Malta with her right eye, and
shaking the pepper away from Quebec with her head, "I begin to
think George is in the roving way again.
"George," returns Mr. Bagnet, "will never desert. And leave his
old comrade. In the lurch. Don't be afraid of it."
"No, Lignum. No. I don't say he will. I don't think he will.
But if he could get over this money trouble of his, I believe he
would be off."
Mr. Bagnet asks why.
"Well," returns his wife, considering, "George seems to me to be
getting not a little impatient and restless. I don't say but what
he's as free as ever. Of course he must be free or he wouldn't be
George, but he smarts and seems put out."
"He's extra-drilled," says Mr. Bagnet. "By a lawyer. Who would
put the devil out."
"There's something in that," his wife assents; "but so it is,
Further conversation is prevented, for the time, by the necessity
under which Mr. Bagnet finds himself of directing the whole force
of his mind to the dinner, which is a little endangered by the dry
humour of the fowls in not yielding any gravy, and also by the made
gravy acquiring no flavour and turning out of a flaxen complexion.
With a similar perverseness, the potatoes crumble off forks in the
process of peeling, upheaving from their centres in every
direction, as if they were subject to earthquakes. The legs of the
fowls, too, are longer than could be desired, and extremely scaly.
Overcoming these disadvantages to the best of his ability, Mr.
Bagnet at last dishes and they sit down at table, Mrs. Bagnet
occupying the guest's place at his right hand.
It is well for the old girl that she has but one birthday in a
year, for two such indulgences in poultry might be injurious.
Every kind of finer tendon and ligament that is in the nature of
poultry to possess is developed in these specimens in the singular
form of guitar-strings. Their limbs appear to have struck roots
into their breasts and bodies, as aged trees strike roots into the
earth. Their legs are so hard as to encourage the idea that they
must have devoted the greater part of their long and arduous lives
to pedestrian exercises and the walking of matches. But Mr.
Bagnet, unconscious of these little defects, sets his heart on Mrs.
Bagnet eating a most severe quantity of the delicacies before her;
and as that good old girl would not cause him a moment's
disappointment on any day, least of all on such a day, for any
consideration, she imperils her digestion fearfully. How young
Woolwich cleans the drum-sticks without being of ostrich descent,
his anxious mother is at a loss to understand.
The old girl has another trial to undergo after the conclusion of
the repast in sitting in state to see the room cleared, the hearth
swept, and the dinner-service washed up and polished in the
backyard. The great delight and energy with which the two young
ladies apply themselves to these duties, turning up their skirts in
imitation of their mother and skating in and out on little
scaffolds of pattens, inspire the highest hopes for the future, but
some anxiety for the present. The same causes lead to confusion of
tongues, a clattering of crockery, a rattling of tin mugs, a
whisking of brooms, and an expenditure of water, all in excess,
while the saturation of the young ladies themselves is almost too
moving a spectacle for Mrs. Bagnet to look upon with the calmness
proper to her position. At last the various cleansing processes
are triumphantly completed; Quebec and Malta appear in fresh
attire, smiling and dry; pipes, tobacco, and something to drink are
placed upon the table; and the old girl enjoys the first peace of
mind she ever knows on the day of this delightful entertainment.
When Mr. Bagnet takes his usual seat, the hands of the clock are
very near to half-past four; as they mark it accurately, Mr. Bagnet
announces, "George! Military time."
It is George, and he has hearty congratulations for the old girl
(whom he kisses on the great occasion), and for the children, and
for Mr. Bagnet. "Happy returns to all!" says Mr. George.
"But, George, old man!" cries Mrs. Bagnet, looking at him
curiously. "What's come to you?"
"Come to me?"
"Ah! You are so white, George--for you--and look so shocked. Now
don't he, Lignum?"
"George," says Mr. Bagnet, "tell the old girl. What's the matter."
"I didn't know I looked white," says the trooper, passing his hand
over his brow, "and I didn't know I looked shocked, and I'm sorry I
do. But the truth is, that boy who was taken in at my place died
yesterday afternoon, and it has rather knocked me over."
"Poor creetur!" says Mrs. Bagnet with a mother's pity. "Is he
gone? Dear, dear!"
"I didn't mean to say anything about it, for it's not birthday
talk, but you have got it out of me, you see, before I sit down. I
should have roused up in a minute," says the trooper, making
himself speak more gaily, "but you're so quick, Mrs. Bagnet."
"You're right. The old girl," says Mr. Bagnet. "Is as quick. As
"And what's more, she's the subject of the day, and we'll stick to
her," cries Mr. George. "See here, I have brought a little brooch
along with me. It's a poor thing, you know, but it's a keepsake.
That's all the good it is, Mrs. Bagnet."
Mr. George produces his present, which is greeted with admiring
leapings and clappings by the young family, and with a species of
reverential admiration by Mr. Bagnet. "Old girl," says Mr. Bagnet.
"Tell him my opinion of it."
"Why, it's a wonder, George!" Mrs. Bagnet exclaims. "It's the
beautifullest thing that ever was seen!"
"Good!" says Mr. Bagnet. "My opinion."
"It's so pretty, George," cries Mrs. Bagnet, turning it on all
sides and holding it out at arm's length, "that it seems too choice
"Bad!" says Mr. Bagnet. "Not my opinlon."
"But whatever it is, a hundred thousand thanks, old fellow," says
Mrs. Bagnet, her eyes sparkling with pleasure and her hand
stretched out to him; "and though I have been a crossgrained
soldier's wife to you sometimes, George, we are as strong friends,
I am sure, in reality, as ever can be. Now you shall fasten it on
yourself, for good luck, if you will, George."
The children close up to see it done, and Mr. Bagnet looks over
young Woolwich's head to see it done with an interest so maturely
wooden, yet pleasantly childish, that Mrs. Bagnet cannot help
laughing in her airy way and saying, "Oh, Lignum, Lignum, what a
precious old chap you are!" But the trooper fails to fasten the
brooch. His hand shakes, he is nervous, and it falls off. "Would
any one believe this?" says he, catching it as it drops and looking
round. "I am so out of sorts that I bungle at an easy job like
Mrs. Bagnet concludes that for such a case there is no remedy like
a pipe, and fastening the brooch herself in a twinkling, causes the
trooper to be inducted into his usual snug place and the pipes to
be got into action. "If that don't bring you round, George," says
she, "just throw your eye across here at your present now and then,
and the two together MUST do it."
"You ought to do it of yourself," George answers; "I know that very
well, Mrs. Bagnet. I'll tell you how, one way and another, the
blues have got to be too many for me. Here was this poor lad.
'Twas dull work to see him dying as he did, and not be able to help
"What do you mean, George? You did help him. You took him under
"I helped him so far, but that's little. I mean, Mrs. Bagnet,
there he was, dying without ever having been taught much more than
to know his right hand from his left. And he was too far gone to
be helped out of that."
"Ah, poor creetur!" says Mrs. Bagnet.
"Then," says the trooper, not yet lighting his pipe, and passing
his heavy hand over his hair, "that brought up Gridley in a man's
mind. His was a bad case too, in a different way. Then the two
got mixed up in a man's mind with a flinty old rascal who had to do
with both. And to think of that rusty carbine, stock and barrel,
standing up on end in his corner, hard, indifferent, taking
everything so evenly--it made flesh and blood tingle, I do assure
"My advice to you," returns Mrs. Bagnet, "is to light your pipe and
tingle that way. It's wholesomer and comfortabler, and better for
the health altogether."
"You're right," says the trooper, "and I'll do it."
So he does it, though still with an indignant gravity that
impresses the young Bagnets, and even causes Mr. Bagnet to defer
the ceremony of drinking Mrs. Bagnet's health, always given by
himself on these occasions in a speech of exemplary terseness. But
the young ladies having composed what Mr. Bagnet is in the habit of
calling "the mixtur," and George's pipe being now in a glow, Mr.
Bagnet considers it his duty to proceed to the toast of the
evening. He addresses the assembled company in the following
"George. Woolwich. Quebec. Malta. This is her birthday. Take a
day's march. And you won't find such another. Here's towards
The toast having been drunk with enthusiasm, Mrs. Bagnet returns
thanks in a neat address of corresponding brevity. This model
composition is limited to the three words "And wishing yours!"
which the old girl follows up with a nod at everybody in succession
and a well-regulated swig of the mixture. This she again follows
up, on the present occasion, by the wholly unexpected exclamation,
"Here's a man!"
Here IS a man, much to the astonishment of the little company,
looking in at the parlour-door. He is a sharp-eyed man--a quick
keen man--and he takes in everybody's look at him, all at once,
individually and collectively, in a manner that stamps him a
"George," says the man, nodding, "how do you find yourself?"
"Why, it's Bucket!" cries Mr. George.
"Yes," says the man, coming in and closing the door. "I was going
down the street here when I happened to stop and look in at the
musical instruments in the shop-window--a friend of mine is in want
of a second-hand wiolinceller of a good tone--and I saw a party
enjoying themselves, and I thought it was you in the corner; I
thought I couldn't be mistaken. How goes the world with you,
George, at the present moment? Pretty smooth? And with you,
ma'am? And with you, governor? And Lord," says Mr. Bucket,
opening his arms, "here's children too! You may do anything with
me if you only show me children. Give us a kiss, my pets. No
occasion to inquire who YOUR father and mother is. Never saw such
a likeness in my life!"
Mr. Bucket, not unwelcome, has sat himself down next to Mr. George
and taken Quebec and Malta on his knees. "You pretty dears," says
Mr. Bucket, "give us another kiss; it's the only thing I'm greedy
in. Lord bless you, how healthy you look! And what may be the
ages of these two, ma'am? I should put 'em down at the figures of
about eight and ten."
"You're very near, sir," says Mrs. Bagnet.
"I generally am near," returns Mr. Bucket, "being so fond of
children. A friend of mine has had nineteen of 'em, ma'am, all by
one mother, and she's still as fresh and rosy as the morning. Not
so much so as yourself, but, upon my soul, she comes near you! And
what do you call these, my darling?" pursues Mr. Bucket, pinching
Malta's cheeks. "These are peaches, these are. Bless your heart!
And what do you think about father? Do you think father could
recommend a second-hand wiolinceller of a good tone for Mr.
Bucket's friend, my dear? My name's Bucket. Ain't that a funny
These blandishments have entirely won the family heart. Mrs.
Bagnet forgets the day to the extent of filling a pipe and a glass
for Mr. Bucket and waiting upon him hospitably. She would be glad
to receive so pleasant a character under any circumstances, but she
tells him that as a friend of George's she is particularly glad to
see him this evening, for George has not been in his usual spirits.
"Not in his usual spirits?" exclaims Mr. Bucket. "Why, I never
heard of such a thing! What's the matter, George? You don't
intend to tell me you've been out of spirits. What should you be
out of spirits for? You haven't got anything on your mind, you
"Nothing particular," returns the trooper.
"I should think not," rejoins Mr. Bucket. "What could you have on
your mind, you know! And have these pets got anything on THEIR
minds, eh? Not they, but they'll be upon the minds of some of the
young fellows, some of these days, and make 'em precious low-
spirited. I ain't much of a prophet, but I can tell you that,
Mrs. Bagnet, quite charmed, hopes Mr. Bucket has a family of his
"There, ma'am!" says Mr. Bucket. "Would you believe it? No, I
haven't. My wife and a lodger constitute my family. Mrs. Bucket
is as fond of children as myself and as wishful to have 'em, but
no. So it is. Worldly goods are divided unequally, and man must
not repine. What a very nice backyard, ma'am! Any way out of that
There is no way out of that yard.
"Ain't there really?" says Mr. Bucket. "I should have thought
there might have been. Well, I don't know as I ever saw a backyard
that took my fancy more. Would you allow me to look at it? Thank
you. No, I see there's no way out. But what a very good-
proportioned yard it is!"
Having cast his sharp eye all about it, Mr. Bucket returns to his
chair next his friend Mr. George and pats Mr. George affectionately
on the shoulder.
"How are your spirits now, George?"
"All right now," returns the trooper.
"That's your sort!" says Mr. Bucket. "Why should you ever have
been otherwise? A man of your fine figure and constitution has no
right to be out of spirits. That ain't a chest to be out of
spirits, is it, ma'am? And you haven't got anything on your mind,
you know, George; what could you have on your mind!"
Somewhat harping on this phrase, considering the extent and variety
of his conversational powers, Mr. Bucket twice or thrice repeats it
to the pipe he lights, and with a listening face that is
particularly his own. But the sun of his sociality soon recovers
from this brief eclipse and shines again.
"And this is brother, is it, my dears?" says Mr. Bucket, referring
to Quebec and Malta for information on the subject of young
Woolwich. "And a nice brother he is--half-brother I mean to say.
For he's too old to be your boy, ma'am."
"I can certify at all events that he is not anybody else's,"
returns Mrs. Bagnet, laughing.
"Well, you do surprise me! Yet he's like you, there's no denying.
Lord, he's wonderfully like you! But about what you may call the
brow, you know, THERE his father comes out!" Mr. Bucket compares
the faces with one eye shut up, while Mr. Bagnet smokes in stolid
This is an opportunity for Mrs. Bagnet to inform him that the boy
is George's godson.
"George's godson, is he?" rejoins Mr. Bucket with extreme
cordiality. "I must shake hands over again with George's godson.
Godfather and godson do credit to one another. And what do you
intend to make of him, ma'am? Does he show any turn for any
Mr. Bagnet suddenly interposes, "Plays the fife. Beautiful."
"Would you believe it, governor," says Mr. Bucket, struck by the
coincidence, "that when I was a boy I played the fife myself? Not
in a scientific way, as I expect he does, but by ear. Lord bless
you! 'British Grenadiers'--there's a tune to warm an Englishman
up! COULD you give us 'British Grenadiers,' my fine fellow?"
Nothing could be more acceptable to the little circle than this
call upon young Woolwich, who immediately fetches his fife and
performs the stirring melody, during which performance Mr. Bucket,
much enlivened, beats time and never falls to come in sharp with
the burden, "British Gra-a-anadeers!" In short, he shows so much
musical taste that Mr. Bagnet actually takes his pipe from his lips
to express his conviction that he is a singer. Mr. Bucket receives
the harmonious impeachment so modestly, confessing how that he did
once chaunt a little, for the expression of the feelings of his own
bosom, and with no presumptuous idea of entertaining his friends,
that he is asked to sing. Not to be behindhand in the sociality of
the evening, he complies and gives them "Believe Me, if All Those
Endearing Young Charms." This ballad, he informs Mrs. Bagnet, he
considers to have been his most powerful ally in moving the heart
of Mrs. Bucket when a maiden, and inducing her to approach the
altar--Mr. Bucket's own words are "to come up to the scratch."
This sparkling stranger is such a new and agreeable feature in the
evening that Mr. George, who testified no great emotions of
pleasure on his entrance, begins, in spite of himself, to be rather
proud of him. He is so friendly, is a man of so many resources,
and so easy to get on with, that it is something to have made him
known there. Mr. Bagnet becomes, after another pipe, so sensible
of the value of his acquaintance that he solicits the honour of his
company on the old girl's next birthday. If anything can more
closely cement and consolidate the esteem which Mr. Bucket has
formed for the family, it is the discovery of the nature of the
occasion. He drinks to Mrs. Bagnet with a warmth approaching to
rapture, engages himself for that day twelvemonth more than
thankfully, makes a memorandum of the day in a large black pocket-
book with a girdle to it, and breathes a hope that Mrs. Bucket and
Mrs. Bagnet may before then become, in a manner, sisters. As he
says himself, what is public life without private ties? He is in
his humble way a public man, but it is not in that sphere that he
finds happiness. No, it must be sought within the confines of
It is natural, under these circumstances, that he, in his turn,
should remember the friend to whom he is indebted for so promising
an acquaintance. And he does. He keeps very close to him.
Whatever the subject of the conversation, he keeps a tender eye
upon him. He waits to walk home with him. He is interested in his
very boots and observes even them attentively as Mr. George sits
smoking cross-legged in the chimney-corner.
At length Mr. George rises to depart. At the same moment Mr.
Bucket, with the secret sympathy of friendship, also rises. He
dotes upon the children to the last and remembers the commission he
has undertaken for an absent friend.
"Respecting that second-hand wiolinceller, governor--could you
recommend me such a thing?"
"Scores," says Mr. Bagnet.
"I am obliged to you," returns Mr. Bucket, squeezing his hand.
"You're a friend in need. A good tone, mind you! My friend is a
regular dab at it. Ecod, he saws away at Mozart and Handel and the
rest of the big-wigs like a thorough workman. And you needn't,"
says Mr. Bucket in a considerate and private voice, "you needn't
commit yourself to too low a figure, governor. I don't want to pay
too large a price for my friend, but I want you to have your proper
percentage and be remunerated for your loss of time. That is but
fair. Every man must live, and ought to it."
Mr. Bagnet shakes his head at the old girl to the effect that they
have found a jewel of price.
"Suppose I was to give you a look in, say, at half arter ten to-
morrow morning. Perhaps you could name the figures of a few
wiolincellers of a good tone?" says Mr. Bucket.
Nothing easier. Mr. and Mrs. Bagnet both engage to have the
requisite information ready and even hint to each other at the
practicability of having a small stock collected there for
"Thank you," says Mr. Bucket, "thank you. Good night, ma'am. Good
night, governor. Good night, darlings. I am much obliged to you
for one of the pleasantest evenings I ever spent in my life."
They, on the contrary, are much obliged to him for the pleasure he
has given them in his company; and so they part with many
expressions of goodwill on both sides. "Now George, old boy," says
Mr. Bucket, taking his arm at the shop-door, "come along!" As they
go down the little street and the Bagnets pause for a minute
looking after them, Mrs. Bagnet remarks to the worthy Lignum that
Mr. Bucket "almost clings to George like, and seems to be really
fond of him."
The neighbouring streets being narrow and ill-paved, it is a little
inconvenient to walk there two abreast and arm in arm. Mr. George
therefore soon proposes to walk singly. But Mr. Bucket, who cannot
make up his mind to relinquish his friendly hold, replies, "Wait
half a minute, George. I should wish to speak to you first."
Immediately afterwards, he twists him into a public-house and into
a parlour, where he confronts him and claps his own back against
"Now, George," says Mr. Bucket, "duty is duty, and friendship is
friendship. I never want the two to clash if I can help it. I
have endeavoured to make things pleasant to-night, and I put it to
you whether I have done it or not. You must consider yourself in
"Custody? What for?" returns the trooper, thunderstruck.
"Now, George," says Mr. Bucket, urging a sensible view of the case
upon him with his fat forefinger, "duty, as you know very well, is
one thing, and conversation is another. It's my duty to inform you
that any observations you may make will be liable to be used
against you. Therefore, George, be careful what you say. You
don't happen to have heard of a murder?"
"Now, George," says Mr. Bucket, keeping his forefinger in an
impressive state of action, "bear in mind what I've said to you. I
ask you nothing. You've been in low spirits this afternoon. I
say, you don't happen to have heard of a murder?"
"No. Where has there been a murder?"
"Now, George," says Mr. Bucket, "don't you go and commit yourself.
I'm a-going to tell you what I want you for. There has been a
murder in Lincoln's Inn Fields--gentleman of the name of
Tulkinghorn. He was shot last night. I want you for that."
The trooper sinks upon a seat behind him, and great drops start out
upon his forehead, and a deadly pallor overspreads his face.
"Bucket! It's not possible that Mr. Tulkinghorn has been killed
and that you suspect ME?"
"George," returns Mr. Bucket, keeping his forefinger going, "it is
certainly possible, because it's the case. This deed was done last
night at ten o'clock. Now, you know where you were last night at
ten o'clock, and you'll be able to prove it, no doubt."
"Last night! Last night?" repeats the trooper thoughtfully. Then
it flashes upon him. "Why, great heaven, I was there last night!"
"So I have understood, George," returns Mr. Bucket with great
deliberation. "So I have understood. Likewise you've been very
often there. You've been seen hanging about the place, and you've
been heard more than once in a wrangle with him, and it's possible
--I don't say it's certainly so, mind you, but it's possible--that
he may have been heard to call you a threatening, murdering,
The trooper gasps as if he would admit it all if he could speak.
"Now, George," continues Mr. Bucket, putting his hat upon the table
with an air of business rather in the upholstery way than
otherwise, "my wish is, as it has been all the evening, to make
things pleasant. I tell you plainly there's a reward out, of a
hundred guineas, offered by Sir Leicester Dedlock, Baronet. You
and me have always been pleasant together; but I have got a duty to
discharge; and if that hundred guineas is to be made, it may as
well be made by me as any other man. On all of which accounts, I
should hope it was clear to you that I must have you, and that I'm
damned if I don't have you. Am I to call in any assistance, or is
the trick done?"
Mr. George has recovered himself and stands up like a soldier.
"Come," he says; "I am ready."
"George," continues Mr. Bucket, "wait a bit!" With his upholsterer
manner, as if the trooper were a window to be fitted up, he takes
from his pocket a pair of handcuffs. "This is a serious charge,
George, and such is my duty."
The trooper flushes angrily and hesitates a moment, but holds out
his two hands, clasped together, and says, "There! Put them on!"
Mr. Bucket adjusts them in a moment. "How do you find them? Are
they comfortable? If not, say so, for I wish to make things as
pleasant as is consistent with my duty, and I've got another pair
in my pocket." This remark he offers like a most respectable
tradesman anxious to execute an order neatly and to the perfect
satisfaction of his customer. "They'll do as they are? Very well!
Now, you see, George"--he takes a cloak from a corner and begins
adjusting it about the trooper's neck--"I was mindful of your
feelings when I come out, and brought this on purpose. There!
Who's the wiser?"
"Only I," returns the trooper, "but as I know it, do me one more
good turn and pull my hat over my eyes."
"Really, though! Do you mean it? Ain't it a pity? It looks so."
"I can't look chance men in the face with these things on," Mr.
George hurriedly replies. "Do, for God's sake, pull my hat
So strongly entreated, Mr. Bucket complies, puts his own hat on,
and conducts his prize into the streets, the trooper marching on as
steadily as usual, though with his head less erect, and Mr. Bucket
steering him with his elbow over the crossings and up the turnings.
It happened that when I came home from Deal I found a note from
Caddy Jellyby (as we always continued to call her), informing me
that her health, which had been for some time very delicate, was
worse and that she would be more glad than she could tell me if I
would go to see her. It was a note of a few lines, written from
the couch on which she lay and enclosed to me in another from her
husband, in which he seconded her entreaty with much solicitude.
Caddy was now the mother, and I the godmother, of such a poor
little baby--such a tiny old-faced mite, with a countenance that
seemed to be scarcely anything but cap-border, and a little lean,
long-fingered hand, always clenched under its chin. It would lie
in this attitude all day, with its bright specks of eyes open,
wondering (as I used to imagine) how it came to be so small and
weak. Whenever it was moved it cried, but at all other times it
was so patient that the sole desire of its life appeared to be to
lie quiet and think. It had curious little dark veins in its face
and curious little dark marks under its eyes like faint
remembrances of poor Caddy's inky days, and altogether, to those
who were not used to it, it was quite a piteous little sight.
But it was enough for Caddy that SHE was used to it. The projects
with which she beguiled her illness, for little Esther's education,
and little Esther's marriage, and even for her own old age as the
grandmother of little Esther's little Esthers, was so prettily
expressive of devotion to this pride of her life that I should be
tempted to recall some of them but for the timely remembrance that
I am getting on irregularly as it is.
To return to the letter. Caddy had a superstition about me which
had been strengthening in her mind ever since that night long ago
when she had lain asleep with her head in my lap. She almost--I
think I must say quite--believed that I did her good whenever I was
near her. Now although this was such a fancy of the affectionate
girl's that I am almost ashamed to mention it, still it might have
all the force of a fact when she was really ill. Therefore I set
off to Caddy, with my guardian's consent, post-haste; and she and
Prince made so much of me that there never was anything like it.
Next day I went again to sit with her, and next day I went again.
It was a very easy journey, for I had only to rise a little earlier
in the morning, and keep my accounts, and attend to housekeeping
matters before leaving home.
But when I had made these three visits, my guardian said to me, on
my return at night, "Now, little woman, little woman, this will
never do. Constant dropping will wear away a stone, and constant
coaching will wear out a Dame Durden. We will go to London for a
while and take possession of our old lodgings."
"Not for me, dear guardian," said I, "for I never feel tired,"
which was strictly true. I was only too happy to be in such
"For me then," returned my guardian, "or for Ada, or for both of
us. It is somebody's birthday to-morrow, I think."
"Truly I think it is," said I, kissing my darling, who would be
"Well," observed my guardian, half pleasantly, half seriously,
"that's a great occasion and will give my fair cousin some
necessary business to transact in assertion of her independence,
and will make London a more convenient place for all of us. So to
London we will go. That being settled, there is another thing--how
have you left Caddy?"
"Very unwell, guardian. I fear it will be some time before she
regains her health and strength."
"What do you call some time, now?" asked my guardian thoughtfully.
"Some weeks, I am afraid."
"Ah!" He began to walk about the room with his hands in his
pockets, showing that he had been thinking as much. "Now, what do
you say about her doctor? Is he a good doctor, my love?"
I felt obliged to confess that I knew nothing to the contrary but
that Prince and I had agreed only that evening that we would like
his opinion to be confirmed by some one.
"Well, you know," returned my guardian quickly, "there's
I had not meant that, and was rather taken by surprise. For a
moment all that I had had in my mind in connexion with Mr.
Woodcourt seemed to come back and confuse me.
"You don't object to him, little woman?"
"Object to him, guardian? Oh no!"
"And you don't think the patient would object to him?"
So far from that, I had no doubt of her being prepared to have a
great reliance on him and to like him very much. I said that he
was no stranger to her personally, for she had seen him often in
his kind attendance on Miss Flite.
"Very good," said my guardian. "He has been here to-day, my dear,
and I will see him about it to-morrow."
I felt in this short conversation--though I did not know how, for
she was quiet, and we interchanged no look--that my dear girl well
remembered how merrily she had clasped me round the waist when no
other hands than Caddy's had brought me the little parting token.
This caused me to feel that I ought to tell her, and Caddy too,
that I was going to be the mistress of Bleak House and that if I
avoided that disclosure any longer I might become less worthy in my
own eyes of its master's love. Therefore, when we went upstairs
and had waited listening until the clock struck twelve in order
that only I might be the first to wish my darling all good wishes
on her birthday and to take her to my heart, I set before her, just
as I had set before myself, the goodness and honour of her cousin
John and the happy life that was in store for for me. If ever my
darling were fonder of me at one time than another in all our
intercourse, she was surely fondest of me that night. And I was so
rejoiced to know it and so comforted by the sense of having done
right in casting this last idle reservation away that I was ten
times happier than I had been before. I had scarcely thought it a
reservation a few hours ago, but now that it was gone I felt as if
I understood its nature better.
Next day we went to London. We found our old lodging vacant, and
in half an hour were quietly established there, as if we had never
gone away. Mr. Woodcourt dined with us to celebrate my darling's
birthday, and we were as pleasant as we could be with the great
blank among us that Richard's absence naturally made on such an
occasion. After that day I was for some weeks--eight or nine as I
remember--very much with Caddy, and thus it fell out that I saw
less of Ada at this time than any other since we had first come
together, except the time of my own illness. She often came to
Caddy's, but our function there was to amuse and cheer her, and we
did not talk in our usual confidential manner. Whenever I went
home at night we were together, but Caddy's rest was broken by
pain, and I often remained to nurse her.
With her husband and her poor little mite of a baby to love and
their home to strive for, what a good creature Caddy was! So self-
denying, so uncomplaining, so anxious to get well on their account,
so afraid of giving trouble, and so thoughtful of the unassisted
labours of her husband and the comforts of old Mr. Turveydrop; I
had never known the best of her until now. And it seemed so
curious that her pale face and helpless figure should be lying
there day after day where dancing was the business of life, where
the kit and the apprentices began early every morning in the ball-
room, and where the untidy little boy waltzed by himself in the
kitchen all the afternoon.
At Caddy's request I took the supreme direction of her apartment,
trimmed it up, and pushed her, couch and all, into a lighter and
more airy and more cheerful corner than she had yet occupied; then,
every day, when we were in our neatest array, I used to lay my
small small namesake in her arms and sit down to chat or work or
read to her. It was at one of the first of these quiet times that
I told Caddy about Bleak House.
We had other visitors besides Ada. First of all we had Prince, who
in his hurried intervals of teaching used to come softly in and sit
softly down, with a face of loving anxiety for Caddy and the very
little child. Whatever Caddy's condition really was, she never
failed to declare to Prince that she was all but well--which I,
heaven forgive me, never failed to confirm. This would put Prince
in such good spirits that he would sometimes take the kit from his
pocket and play a chord or two to astonish the baby, which I never
knew it to do in the least degree, for my tiny namesake never
noticed it at all.
Then there was Mrs. Jellyby. She would come occasionally, with her
usual distraught manner, and sit calmly looking miles beyond her
grandchild as if her attention were absorbed by a young
Borrioboolan on its native shores. As bright-eyed as ever, as
serene, and as untidy, she would say, "Well, Caddy, child, and how
do you do to-day?" And then would sit amiably smiling and taking
no notice of the reply or would sweetly glide off into a
calculation of the number of letters she had lately received and
answered or of the coffee-bearing power of Borrioboola-Gha. This
she would always do with a serene contempt for our limited sphere
of action, not to be disguised.
Then there was old Mr. Turveydrop, who was from morning to night
and from night to morning the subject of innumerable precautions.
If the baby cried, it was nearly stifled lest the noise should make
him uncomfortable. If the fire wanted stirring in the night, it
was surreptitiously done lest his rest should be broken. If Caddy
required any little comfort that the house contained, she first
carefully discussed whether he was likely to require it too. In
return for this consideration he would come into the room once a
day, all but blessing it--showing a condescension, and a patronage,
and a grace of manner in dispensing the light of his high-
shouldered presence from which I might have supposed him (if I had
not known better) to have been the benefactor of Caddy's life.
"My Caroline," he would say, making the nearest approach that he
could to bending over her. "Tell me that you are better to-day."
"Oh, much better, thank you, Mr. Turveydrop," Caddy would reply.
"Delighted! Enchanted! And our dear Miss Summerson. She is not
qulte prostrated by fatigue?" Here he would crease up his eyelids
and kiss his fingers to me, though I am happy to say he had ceased
to be particular in his attentions since I had been so altered.
"Not at all," I would assure him.
"Charming! We must take care of our dear Caroline, Miss Summerson.
We must spare nothing that will restore her. We must nourish her.
My dear Caroline"--he would turn to his daughter-in-law with
infinite generosity and protection--"want for nothing, my love.
Frame a wish and gratify it, my daughter. Everything this house
contains, everything my room contains, is at your service, my dear.
Do not," he would sometimes add in a burst of deportment, "even
allow my simple requirements to be considered if they should at any
time interfere with your own, my Caroline. Your necessities are
greater than mine."
He had established such a long prescriptive right to this
deportment (his son's inheritance from his mother) that I several
times knew both Caddy and her husband to be melted to tears by
these affectionate self-sacrifices.
"Nay, my dears," he would remonstrate; and when I saw Caddy's thin
arm about his fat neck as he said it, I would be melted too, though
not by the same process. "Nay, nay! I have promised never to
leave ye. Be dutiful and affectionate towards me, and I ask no
other return. Now, bless ye! I am going to the Park."
He would take the air there presently and get an appetite for his
hotel dinner. I hope I do old Mr. Turveydrop no wrong, but I never
saw any better traits in him than these I faithfully record, except
that he certainly conceived a liking for Peepy and would take the
child out walking with great pomp, always on those occasions
sending him home before he went to dinner himself, and occasionally
with a halfpenny in his pocket. But even this disinterestedness
was attended with no inconsiderable cost, to my knowledge, for
before Peepy was sufficiently decorated to walk hand in hand with
the professor of deportment, he had to be newly dressed, at the
expense of Caddy and her husband, from top to toe.
Last of our visitors, there was Mr. Jellyby. Really when he used
to come in of an evening, and ask Caddy in his meek voice how she
was, and then sit down with his head against the wall, and make no
attempt to say anything more, I liked him very much. If he found
me bustling about doing any little thing, he sometimes half took
his coat off, as if with an intention of helping by a great
exertion; but he never got any further. His sole occupation was to
sit with his head against the wall, looking hard at the thoughtful
baby; and I could not quite divest my mind of a fancy that they
understood one another.
I have not counted Mr. Woodcourt among our visitors because he was
now Caddy's regular attendant. She soon began to improve under his
care, but he was so gentle, so skilful, so unwearying in the pains
he took that it is not to be wondered at, I am sure. I saw a good
deal of Mr. Woodcourt during this time, though not so much as might
be supposed, for knowing Caddy to be safe in his hands, I often
slipped home at about the hours when he was expected. We
frequently met, notwithstanding. I was quite reconciled to myself
now, but I still felt glad to think that he was sorry for me, and
he still WAS sorry for me I believed. He helped Mr. Badger in his
professional engagements, which were numerous, and had as yet no
settled projects for the future.
It was when Caddy began to recover that I began to notice a change
in my dear girl. I cannot say how it first presented itself to me,
because I observed it in many slight particulars which were nothing
in themselves and only became something when they were pieced
together. But I made it out, by putting them together, that Ada
was not so frankly cheerful with me as she used to be. Her
tenderness for me was as loving and true as ever; I did not for a
moment doubt that; but there was a quiet sorrow about her which she
did not confide to me, and in which I traced some hidden regret.
Now, I could not understand this, and I was so anxious for the
happiness of my own pet that it caused me some uneasiness and set
me thinking often. At length, feeling sure that Ada suppressed
this something from me lest it should make me unhappy too, it came
into my head that she was a little grieved--for me--by what I had
told her about Bleak House.
How I persuaded myself that this was likely, I don't know. I had
no idea that there was any selfish reference in my doing so. I was
not grieved for myself: I was quite contented and quite happy.
Still, that Ada might be thinking--for me, though I had abandoned
all such thoughts--of what once was, but was now all changed,
seemed so easy to believe that I believed it.
What could I do to reassure my darling (I considered then) and show
her that I had no such feelings? Well! I could only be as brisk
and busy as possible, and that I had tried to be all along.
However, as Caddy's illness had certainly interfered, more or less,
with my home duties--though I had always been there in the morning
to make my guardian's breakfast, and he had a hundred times laughed
and said there must be two little women, for his little woman was
never missing--I resolved to be doubly diligent and gay. So I went
about the house humming all the tunes I knew, and I sat working and
working in a desperate manner, and I talked and talked, morning,
noon, and night.
And still there was the same shade between me and my darling.
"So, Dame Trot," observed my guardian, shutting up his book one
night when we were all three together, "so Woodcourt has restored
Caddy Jellyby to the full enjoyment of life again?"
"Yes," I said; "and to be repaid by such gratitude as hers is to be
made rich, guardian."
"I wish it was," he returned, "with all my heart."
So did I too, for that matter. I said so.
"Aye! We would make him as rich as a Jew if we knew how. Would we
not, little woman?"
I laughed as I worked and replied that I was not sure about that,
for it might spoil him, and he might not be so useful, and there
might be many who could ill spare him. As Miss Flite, and Caddy
herself, and many others.
"True," said my guardian. "I had forgotten that. But we would
agree to make him rich enough to live, I suppose? Rich enough to
work with tolerable peace of mind? Rich enough to have his own
happy home and his own household gods--and household goddess, too,
That was quite another thing, I said. We must all agree in that.
"To be sure," said my guardian. "All of us. I have a great regard
for Woodcourt, a high esteem for him; and I have been sounding him
delicately about his plans. It is difficult to offer aid to an
independent man with that just kind of pride which he possesses.
And yet I would be glad to do it if I might or if I knew how. He
seems half inclined for another voyage. But that appears like
casting such a man away."
"It might open a new world to him," said I.
''So it might, little woman," my guardian assented. ''I doubt if
he expects much of the old world. Do you know I have fancied that
he sometimes feels some particular disappointment or misfortune
encountered in it. You never heard of anything of that sort?"
I shook my head.
"Humph," said my guardian. "I am mistaken, I dare say." As there
was a little pause here, which I thought, for my dear girl's
satisfaction, had better be filled up, I hummed an air as I worked
which was a favourite with my guardian.
"And do you think Mr. Woodcourt will make another voyage?" I asked
him when I had hummed it quietly all through.
"I don't quite know what to think, my dear, but I should say it was
likely at present that he will give a long trip to another
"I am sure he will take the best wishes of all our hearts with him
wherever he goes," said I; "and though they are not riches, he will
never be the poorer for them, guardian, at least."
"Never, little woman," he replied.
I was sitting in my usual place, which was now beside my guardian's
chair. That had not been my usual place before the letter, but it
was now. I looked up to Ada, who was sitting opposite, and I saw,
as she looked at me, that her eyes were filled with tears and that
tears were falling down her face. I felt that I had only to be
placid and merry once for all to undeceive my dear and set her
loving heart at rest. I really was so, and I had nothing to do but
to be myself.
So I made my sweet girl lean upon my shoulder--how little thinking
what was heavy on her mind!--and I said she was not quite well, and
put my arm about her, and took her upstairs. When we were in our
own room, and when she might perhaps have told me what I was so
unprepared to hear, I gave her no encouragement to confide in me; I
never thought she stood in need of it.
"Oh, my dear good Esther," said Ada, "if I could only make up my
mind to speak to you and my cousin John when you are together!"
"Why, my love!" I remonstrated. "Ada, why should you not speak to
Ada only dropped her head and pressed me closer to her heart.
"You surely don't forget, my beauty," said I, smiling, "what quiet,
old-fashioned people we are and how I have settled down to be the
discreetest of dames? You don't forget how happily and peacefully
my life is all marked out for me, and by whom? I am certain that
you don't forget by what a noble character, Ada. That can never
"No, never, Esther."
"Why then, my dear," said I, "there can be nothing amiss--and why
should you not speak to us?"
"Nothing amiss, Esther?" returned Ada. "Oh, when I think of all
these years, and of his fatherly care and kindness, and of the old
relations among us, and of you, what shall I do, what shall I do!"
I looked at my child in some wonder, but I thought it better not to
answer otherwise than by cheering her, and so I turned off into
many little recollections of our life together and prevented her
from saying more. When she lay down to sleep, and not before, I
returned to my guardian to say good night, and then I came back to
Ada and sat near her for a little while.
She was asleep, and I thought as I looked at her that she was a
little changed. I had thought so more than once lately. I could
not decide, even looking at her while she was unconscious, how she
was changed, but something in the familiar beauty of her face
looked different to me. My guardian's old hopes of her and Richard
arose sorrowfully in my mind, and I said to myself, "She has been
anxious about him," and I wondered how that love would end.
When I had come home from Caddy's while she was ill, I had often
found Ada at work, and she had always put her work away, and I had
never known what it was. Some of it now lay in a drawer near her,
which was not quite closed. I did not open the drawer, but I still
rather wondered what the work could he, for it was evidently
nothing for herself.
And I noticed as I kissed my dear that she lay with one hand under
her pillow so that it was hidden.
How much less amiable I must have been than they thought me, how
much less amiable than I thought myself, to be so preoccupied with
my own cheerfulness and contentment as to think that it only rested
with me to put my dear girl right and set her mind at peace!
But I lay down, self-deceived, in that belief. And I awoke in it
next day to find that there was still the same shade between me and
When Mr. Woodcourt arrived in London, he went, that very same day,
to Mr. Vholes's in Symond's Inn. For he never once, from the
moment when I entreated him to be a friend to Richard, neglected or
forgot his promise. He had told me that he accepted the charge as
a sacred trust, and he was ever true to it in that spirit.
He found Mr. Vholes in his office and informed Mr. Vholes of his
agreement with Richard that he should call there to learn his
"Just so, sir," said Mr. Vholes. "Mr. C.'s address is not a
hundred miles from here, sir, Mr. C.'s address is not a hundred
miles from here. Would you take a seat, sir?"
Mr. Woodcourt thanked Mr. Vholes, but he had no business with him
beyond what he had mentioned.
"Just so, sir. I believe, sir," said Mr. Vholes, still quietly
insisting on the seat by not giving the address, "that you have
influence with Mr. C. Indeed I am aware that you have."
"I was not aware of it myself," returned Mr. Woodcourt; "but I
suppose you know best."
"Sir," rejoined Mr. Vholes, self-contained as usual, voice and all,
"it is a part of my professional duty to know best. It is a part
of my professional duty to study and to understand a gentleman who
confides his interests to me. In my professional duty I shall not
be wanting, sir, if I know it. I may, with the best intentions, be
wanting in it without knowing it; but not if I know it, sir."
Mr. Woodcourt again mentioned the address.
"Give me leave, sir," said Mr. Vholes. "Bear with me for a moment.
Sir, Mr. C. is playing for a considerable stake, and cannot play
without--need I say what?"
"Money, I presume?"
"Sir," said Mr. Vholes, "to be honest with you (honesty being my
golden rule, whether I gain by it or lose, and I find that I
generally lose), money is the word. Now, sir, upon the chances of
Mr. C.'s game I express to you no opinion, NO opinion. It might be
highly impolitic in Mr. C., after playing so long and so high, to
leave off; it might be the reverse; I say nothing. No, sir," said
Mr. Vholes, bringing his hand flat down upon his desk in a positive
"You seem to forget," returned Mr, Woodcourt, "that I ask you to
say nothing and have no interest in anything you say."
"Pardon me, sir!" retorted Mr. Vholes. "You do yourself an
injustice. No, sir! Pardon me! You shall not--shall not in my
office, if I know it--do yourself an injustice. You are interested
in anything, and in everything, that relates to your friend. I
know human nature much better, sir, than to admit for an instant
that a gentleman of your appearance is not interested in whatever
concerns his friend."
"Well," replied Mr. Woodcourt, "that may be. I am particularly
interested in his address."
"The number, sir," said Mr. Vholes parenthetically, "I believe I
have already mentioned. If Mr. C. is to continue to play for this
considerable stake, sir, he must have funds. Understand me! There
are funds in hand at present. I ask for nothing; there are funds
in hand. But for the onward play, more funds must be provided,
unless Mr. C. is to throw away what he has already ventured, which
is wholly and solely a point for his consideration. This, sir, I
take the opportunity of stating openly to you as the friend of Mr.
C. Without funds I shall always be happy to appear and act for Mr.
C. to the extent of all such costs as are safe to be allowed out of
the estate, not beyond that. I could not go beyond that, sir,
without wronging some one. I must either wrong my three dear girls
or my venerable father, who is entirely dependent on me, in the
Vale of Taunton; or some one. Whereas, sir, my resolution is (call
it weakness or folly if you please) to wrong no one."
Mr. Woodcourt rather sternly rejoined that he was glad to hear it.
"I wish, sir," said Mr. Vholes, "to leave a good name behind me.
Therefore I take every opportunity of openly stating to a friend of
Mr. C. how Mr. C. is situated. As to myself, sir, the labourer is
worthy of his hire. If I undertake to put my shoulder to the
wheel, I do it, and I earn what I get. I am here for that purpose.
My name is painted on the door outside, with that object."
"And Mr. Carstone's address, Mr. Vholes?"
"Sir," returned Mr. Vholes, "as I believe I have already mentioned,
it is next door. On the second story you will find Mr. C.'s
apartments. Mr. C. desires to be near his professional adviser,
and I am far from objecting, for I court inquiry."
Upon this Mr. Woodcourt wished Mr. Vholes good day and went in
search of Richard, the change in whose appearance he began to
understand now but too well.
He found him in a dull room, fadedly furnished, much as I had found
him in his barrack-room but a little while before, except that he
was not writing but was sitting with a book before him, from which
his eyes and thoughts were far astray. As the door chanced to be
standing open, Mr. Woodcourt was in his presence for some moments
without being perceived, and he told me that he never could forget
the haggardness of his face and the dejection of his manner before
he was aroused from his dream.
"Woodcourt, my dear fellow," cried Richard, starting up with
extended hands, "you come upon my vision like a ghost."
"A friendly one," he replied, "and only waiting, as they say ghosts
do, to be addressed. How does the mortal world go?" They were
seated now, near together.
"Badly enough, and slowly enough," said Richard, "speaking at least
for my part of it."
"What part is that?"
"The Chancery part."
"I never heard," returned Mr. Woodcourt, shaking his head, "of its
going well yet."
"Nor I," said Richard moodily. "Who ever did?" He brightened
again in a moment and said with his natural openness, "Woodcourt, I
should be sorry to be misunderstood by you, even if I gained by it
in your estimation. You must know that I have done no good this
long time. I have not intended to do much harm, but I seem to have
been capable of nothing else. It may be that I should have done
better by keeping out of the net into which my destiny has worked
me, but I think not, though I dare say you will soon hear, if you | <urn:uuid:1e362473-5066-48d9-944a-a6febc5cdd8b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.fulltextarchive.com/page/Bleak-House16/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00229-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977449 | 23,783 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Why do we spend a Sunday morning just before Chanukah driving all over the San Fernando and Conejo Valleys delivering boxes of sufganiot to every Congregation Or Ami household?
Best practices in community engagement implore us to bring the community to the congregant, instead of waiting always for the congregant to come to the community. So…
When sadness strikes, when a loved one dies, the community gathers at the home of the mourners, creating a minyan of ten people at least, so that they can say Kaddish without having to venture out. We deliver seudot aveilut, meals of consolation so they can eat without worrying about preparing the food.
With worry arises, as a loved one is ailing or recovering, the community engages in bikur cholim, visiting the sick, sending over chicken soup and other food, offering to help in concrete ways. Jewish tradition teaches that a visit reduces the suffering by at least 1/60.
When joy overflows, like a baby is born, we flood the family with cards of simcha (joy). We deliver meals and w
ish mazel tov to the new family.
A community says Henaynu
Henaynu. We are here for each other. We show it by our actions. We ensure that during the sad times and the happiest of times we share the burden or extend the joy.
And in the regular times, what do we do then?
At Congregation Or Ami we marshal our volunteers and deliver sweetest love to the congregation.
Each Chanukah, our Sufganiot Delivery Team, headed by Marsi Gore and Darryl Lieberstein, arrange for delicious jElla-filled sufganiot to find their way to the doors of everyone in the partnership that is Or Ami. Using the latest mapping technologies, they organize boxes, maps and volunteers to bring sweetness to the doorways.
Nothing tastes tastes finer than hand delivered donuts – cooked in oil in remembrance of the oil that lasted for eight nights – in celebration of our Festival of Lights.
So, last week we hosted a Holiday shopping Childspree for 50 at risk youth. Next week we hope to finish collecting tzedakah to purchase a truck for a Food Forward, and organization that will use it to deliver fresh fruit and vegetables to 97,000 people a week, addressing the hunger in our area.
But this week, we just share the regular. Jelly filled donuts arrive at home, delivered by a smiling Or Ami congregant. This is just one of the ways we hope to remind our community that they matter to us, that our holidays are sweet at their core, and that we hold each and every person as dear and special to us.
(And we always add a disclaimer that if for some reason you did not receive your sufganiot, please let us know. We will hand deliver fresh ones to you.) | <urn:uuid:0e589110-c5c3-4ee9-afd8-105208a05ede> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.paulkipnes.com/4373-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.930708 | 612 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Life in the Interregnum: July’s People: Nadine Gordimer’s July’s People
Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
The purpose of this essay is to describe and examine differences in social behavior and social interactions in Nadine Gordimer’s July’s people. Specifically, attention will be given to the interim order that occurs after the collapse of the former South African regime and before a new regime has been established. In short, the essay attempts to answer the question how power is redistributed after the black revolution that occurs in the narrative. Antonio Gramsci’s Neo-Marxist theory is used to examine who dominates and who is subordinated among the novel’s main characters.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2011. , 26 p.
Nadine Gordimer, July’s people, Interregnum, Hegemony
IdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9908Archive number: HEU:C11:25OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-9908DiVA: diva2:437078
Subject / course
Shima, Alan, Dr
Modiano, Marko, Dr | <urn:uuid:a827c2f6-c5e2-4931-b968-f7a0b30eb413> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:437078 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722459.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00343-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.831846 | 272 | 1.765625 | 2 |
That John Fitzgerald Kennedy was a man with a keen sense of his own place in history is illustrated by a story told by his wife, Jackie, that emerged a couple of years ago from some newly released archives of interviews with the former First Lady.
Shortly after his triumphant facing down of Nikita Khrushchev in the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962, JFK had invited a noted Lincoln historian, David Herbert Donald, to the White House to give a lecture.
At the conclusion of the talk, Kennedy asked the obvious question: would president Lincoln have been so well-regarded had he not been assassinated and left to serve a second term wrestling with the realities of post-Civil War reconstruction?
The historian gave the obvious answer – "no" – which allowed the young President, who often made light of the risk of assassination, to observe that "If anyone's going to kill me, it should happen now."
Had history turned out differently, and Kennedy survived into a second term and old age, that remark might sound very different than it does today – not an utterance of grim foresight but one of fantastic self-regard; the words of a vain, sexually incontinent, drug-dependent disappointment whose youthful promise and soaring rhetoric were never fulfilled.
But that, of course, is not how history turned out. Almost exactly a year after the naval blockade of Cuba was lifted – and 50 years ago on Friday - the assassin's bullet ensured that that throwaway remark resonates with a sense of destiny.
And so, out of JFK's death, the legend of Camelot was born, and just like Lincoln, Kennedy entered history as a US president gunned down in his prime, part of whose greatness could never be taken away from him.
Over the last five decades, it is true, there have been those who have tried their best to revise downwards the Kennedy legend, but as this week will demonstrate, it has unquestionably endured in the American popular imagination.
JFK and Jackie Kennedy with their children John and Caroline (REX FEATURES)
As the New York Times demonstrated in a neat analysis of US history textbooks this week, JFK was initially canonized as a secular saint, but as the decades progressed and more information emerged, hagiography made way for history.
The effect can be seen in the fact that Kennedy used to consistently share top billing with Lincoln in polls of greatest presidents, but in recent years his position has fluctuated, frequently slipping behind Reagan and Lincoln and even more recently, Bill Clinton.
Kennedy will always have the Peace Corps, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and the Space Race as plusses on his record, but perhaps we now know of too many sordid details of his womanising to look those 1960 election posters promising "A time for greatness" and not see in that famous grin, if not outright fraud, then at least human frailty.
And the Cuban Missile Crisis, on some subsequent readings of history, was not a triumph of bold statesmanship as it was hailed at the time, but a piece of foolhardy grandstanding that unnecessarily humiliated the Soviets and precipitated the arms race that defined the Cold War.
Even on civil rights – the subject of one of Kennedy's greatest speeches in June 1963, when he vowed that "Every American ought to have the right to be treated as he would wish to be treated, as he would wish to have his children treated." – the reality never matched the myth.
Kennedy made good on his campaign promises on equal rights but only, we now know, after being forced to intervene by growing violence in the South. Until that point, along with his brother Robert, the attorney-general, it was pragmatism not principle that had governed decision-making.
But while Kennedy's personal reputation has undoubtedly been diminished, the myth of Camelot as a time when America seemed replete with boundless possibility has remained as eternal as the flame that burns at Kennedy's memorial in the Arlington National Cemetery.
No matter, that as James Piereson documents in Camelot and the Cultural Revolution, the Camelot myth was quite deliberately confected by Jackie Kennedy after JFK's death, feeding the notion to a sympathetic Life magazine journalist to cement her husband's place in history.
But in this, she largely succeeded. Thanks to those indelible images from the Zapruder film and the pages of Life magazine, even those of us too young to remember 'where we were', still carry the deeply embedded idea that more than just a US president died on November 22 1963.
It was as if, for a terrifying moment, the clock had stopped on the American dream. Life was never quite the same again, says the myth - after JFK came the quagmire of Vietnam, the riots of the 1960s and a general breakdown of trust in government that has never been recovered.
Of course the world was never actually that simple – as the subsequent unpicking of JFK's character and record testifies – but it was presented that way, and thanks to the assassination, that is how it became fixed in America's collective consciousness.
That, at least, is the finding of Larry J. Sabato, the political scientist, in his book The Kennedy Half Century which uses focus groups and polling techniques to unpick how and why the Kennedy myth persists so unscathed 50 years after his death.
Prof Sabato credits Kennedy's continuing hold to a combination of immense rhetorical skill and the Manichean certainties of the Cold War era that framed even the space race speech as a battle "between freedom and tyranny".
Kennedy signing a proclamation at the White House in Washington
Old recordings of Kennedy speeches have the power to send tingles down the collective spine of Americans – Republicans and Democrats – in a way that Churchill's wartime words do for British listeners.
"When he made that commitment in May of 1961 that we would put a man on the moon and return him safely to earth, the vehicles hadn't been invented," recalls Sabato, who was an 11-year-old Catholic school boy in Norfolk, Virginia when Kennedy died, "Even the metals hadn't been invented. If a president did than now he'd be chewed up for days on cable television.
"It was a different time, when we thought all things were possible. That may be another reason why he's so well remembered - it was a period of peak American power. The image was precisely what Americans wished to project around the world."
Which is this is a particularly bitter-sweet anniversary, falling as it does at a time when America is pondering its relative decline, wondering how to rekindle the spirit that Ronald Reagan embodied in the 'shining city on a hill' that became the Camelot of his own political legend.
It is a testimony to Kennedy's continued allure that successive presidents have tried to capture some of his essence.
When Clinton arrived on the scene with his saxophone, he traced his own lineage back to Camelot with a photograph of him shaking JFK's hand when visiting the White House as a 17-year-old schoolboy.
And when Barack Obama, another young senator, took up the torch of 'hope and change' in 2008 he sought the formal blessing of Ted and Caroline Kennedy to help him win his primary battle with Hillary Clinton.
Which is brings us back to the bitter part. This anniversary falls in the down-stroke of this endless cycle of American political myth-making, with Barack Obama's contemporary version now fraying visibly in the face of the challenges thrown up by redefining America's place in a new, multi-polar world.
At times like these, as Kennedy demonstrated, it is not enough to look back. Mitt Romney demonstrated the perils of that last year in a campaign that harked back to the America where he grew up, where Detroit was the Silicon Valley of its day and his dad, George, was one of its CEO's.
But today's America is much less certain in its position as the 'hope of the earth', and the voting public knows it. Nostalgia has its comforts, but it is ultimately an empty, self-indulgent emotion. The true lesson of the Kennedy myth, therefore, is not to dwell on the past, or present, but to look to the future.
America needs a new apostle of optimism, who promises the modern equivalent of putting a man on the moon – and then actually dares to do it.
Where were you when Kennedy was shot? The Telegraph is inviting contributions from readers who can recall the momentous day in 1963 and their reaction to the news that united the world in shock. Please email email@example.com. Selected contributions will be published on our website next week. | <urn:uuid:346564a2-0898-498a-8d53-10f4187aaa9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/johnfkennedy/10454024/JFK-the-myth-that-will-never-die.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.977563 | 1,792 | 2.40625 | 2 |
(Flashback!)…Canadian judge rules SSRI antidepressants like Prozac can cause children to commit murder
by: Jonathan Benson
Sunday, December 18, 2011
The use of antidepressant and psychiatric drugs, particularly among children, is an extremely risky activity that could have fatal consequences for both the individuals that use them, as well as their friends and family. According to the National Post, a Canadian judge recently ruled that the extreme mind-altering effects of the antidepressant drug Prozac were in large part responsible for causing a 15-year-old boy to thrust a nine-inch kitchen knife into one of his closest friends.
Though the Winnipeg boy that committed the heinous crime had allegedly abused prescription drugs and “experimented” with cocaine long prior to the incident, he had never had a violent or aggressive personality about him, according to reports. It was only when he began taking Prozac, the very thing doctors had given him as a so-called “solution” to his previous illicit drug problems, that he began to rapidly go off the deep end.
“He had become irritable, restless, agitated, aggressive and unclear in his thinking,” said Justice Robert Heinrichs of the Manitoba Justice Department, who ruled on the case. “It was while in that state he overreacted in an impulsive, explosive and violent way. Now that his body and mind are free and clear of any effects of Prozac, he is simply not the same youth in behavior or character.” | <urn:uuid:03d2c47c-0a2a-43cb-84e4-8f8b03ff19cd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://revolutionradio.org/?p=42199 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00141-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982476 | 311 | 1.617188 | 2 |
How to remove dead
bushes and roots
Shrub removal - I've been asked this question often. People buy a new house and they want to make some changes, or they simply no longer like a particular shrub. There are dozens of different reasons for wanting to tear out a shrub and plant something new. Just a small reminder that this page is about the removal of dead bushes, which is totally different to removal for transplanting. So how do we go about it? Most people would call a gardener and ask for professional help, others, who want to save money might decide to do it themselves - I must warn you - DIY can sometimes end up costing more than calling a gardener. Here's why:
Although you may have the greatest neighbor, who happens to have all the gardening tools you could ever dream of, and he will offer not only that you borrow the tools, but that he will come over and help... Still, if you don't know how to operate these tools, and running mechanical tools without experience is not only dangerous for you, it's also dangerous for the tools (!!) you're taking a chance that you'll end up damaging the tools, as well as your relationship with your neighbor.
So what can you do? Keep it simple. Play in the dirt and prune - here's what I'm talking about:
So, where to start? That's easy, safety first! Here's what you need:
1 pair of loppers. If the bush is totally dead and has no green branches on it, use Anvil loppers.
1 pair of working glass
1 pair of work gloves
A long shirt.
Think about it as if your about to cut down a tree with a huge canopy. If you just cut down the main trunk, the whole thing will fall down to the ground. It's exactly the same idea here - the mess you see in front of you is actually lots of branches, like spaghetti, that are hiding the mother stems. All of these branches are growing out of just a few mother stems, and those are the stems you want to get to.
Your mission is to get inside the center of the shrub, find the main stems and cut them back as close as you can to the ground. Once that's done, you've won the battle. You don't have to cut all the branches around the bush, you don't have to trim the entire shrub to the ground. All you have to do is disconnect the shrub from it's base.
Start by cutting a path towards the center of the bush, and cut the main stems. Next just drag chunks of the dead branches chunk aside (you might want to get that friendly neighbor to help with this part) and you were done.
Important - this shrub removal method suites most bushes, but before you start working please make sure that the size of whatever you're about to cut can be easily dragged away. Though yes, you can always cut the cuttings into smaller more manageable pieces.
Also, if you have plans to save the roots for future planting, it would be wise to leave one stem with 10-15 inches above the ground, so you have something to hold onto as you're pulling it out later.
How to remove the roots
from the ground
I have no idea what your plans are once you have removed the shrub, but if you're about to plant a new lawn, here's what you should do: Before you start, know that you won't be able to remove all of the roots, and there is really no need to do so. Some of the roots will simply run too deep, but then, they also have no effect what-so-ever on the grass roots, which only go 3 or so inches deep.
Hope that helped, and if you wish to learn how to deal with other shrub removal and root cutting challenges, you are more then welcome to visit the following page.
Good luck with it!
Providing general guidelines on 'how to prune' any kind of plant is important, but there are plants, and there is YOUR plant. So despite there being loads of information on this site, I also provide specific and personalized support. If something wasn't clear, or you're not sure of your plant's name, simply send me a picture with your question. Use the form below and I'll get back to you. In the mean time, see what others are asking. | <urn:uuid:23a43fb6-a184-477c-b287-7a5a4fb8e557> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.handpruning.com/shrub-removal.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.972632 | 920 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Maps showing overlap between two indicators
The three maps show Local Authorities with (1) high levels of BNP membership, (2) large non-white populations, and (3) both high levels of BNP membership and large non-white populations.
The use of the blue, red and overlap purple colours make this a geographic "Venn diagram", allowing viewers to quickly identify areas with high levels on two separate datasets.
Venn diagrams are usually used to visualise the space where a set lies in relation to other sets. In this case, the diagram is used to illustrate the key components of data visualisation the along the dimensions of information and design. The intersection areas are all clearly named and indicate explicitly the outcomes to be achieved when putting more or less emphasis in each area. Readers interested in topic might want to see our
guide on data visualisation.</a> | <urn:uuid:5b390b1d-3e2f-4cbc-876e-c85ce32bf5f7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://improving-visualisation.org/visuals/tag=:venn+diagram/mode=1/sort=alpha | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00291-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902032 | 177 | 3.125 | 3 |
Eco Schools and Food Gardens in Schools grant program reporting
To complete your reporting requirements for Eco Schools or Food Gardens in Schools projects you must:
- complete the required form
- complete the statutory declaration, which must be hand signed by both the declarant and the witness
- complete the financial report - paying particular attention to the guidance notes at the bottom of the spreadsheet.
Photographs, although not essential, are a great way of showcasing your projects and achievements. We recommend including them as part of your report.
- please use reporting templates provided
- email all reports to: firstname.lastname@example.org
- emails including attachments cannot exceed 10MB - for reports and other attachments that exceed this limit, please send on a USB.
You must prominently acknowledge the Trust's assistance in your final report and all publications and promotional material relating to the project with the Trust's logo and using the following statement:
This project has been assisted by the New South Wales Government through its Environmental Trust.
Eco Schools forms
All the following forms must be submitted at the completion of your project. To assist with preparing the financial report, the Trust has provided a reference guide.
Food Gardens forms
To assist with preparing the financial report, the Trust has provided a reference guide.
If you are unsure about any aspects of the reporting process, please contact Trust Administration on:
Phone: (02) 8837 6093
Page last updated: 20 September 2016 | <urn:uuid:3e3f2c4a-1468-45a4-84e3-39be206a9372> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/grants/eco1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725470.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927587 | 303 | 1.523438 | 2 |
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