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When school starts you hear stories of new teachers and new challenges, like having “strict” teachers.
One story in our home went like this:
Teacher A asked a question to the class. Student B asked for it to be repeated. Teacher A makes public example of Student B for not listening.
I don’t know the details, but it made me wonder:
Did the child really not hear the question? Maybe s/he genuinely didn’t understand it? Was s/he just being too rowdy to hear? Was the teacher being extra tough to enforce or maintain group order?
Teachers are always outnumbered (#Respect), and it takes special skill (miracle?) to get through a day without some chaos or exhaustion. Parents don’t have it easy either-–stop asking me for stuff, I’m losing my mind!! (I gasp at Child 4, while Child 2 is banging a fork in a bowl, Child 3 is humming and twirling under the table, and Child 1 is starting negotiations with me on Gaming hours..).
But what tactics are best, and is encouraging kids even part of our M.O., or is it just about surviving another day?
I asked my (super grounded) husband for his thoughts and got this:
“Jasmine, all kids experience tough teachers some time. It prepares them for the real, cruel world.”
Sure, if you never experienced rejection or criticism, you may crumble under the same as a teen or adult. But then I wondered: should we accept or condone this prep for the “real world”? Isn’t rigidity, rejection and criticism stuff of this earth, rather than the heaven-stuff we’re destined for?
If so, maybe it’s not about kids learning to cope with the big, bad world, but about them striving to break it? (tweet)
My greatest teachers in patience, self-sacrifice, kindness beyond natural ability, and mirrors/breakers of anger, inflexibility and perfection have been my kids. No amount of Ted Talks build in me or burn-down in me what they do…
“The crucible for silver, and the furnace for gold, but the Lord tests the hearts.” (Proverbs 17:3)
And maybe it’s not just about strict teachers, but also crazy bosses, difficult colleagues, frazzled friends, greedy politicians… Maybe our lives and troubles aren’t just about us.
Maybe we all suffer a bit because, deep down in our divine-DNA, we’re fighting to create a bit more Heaven on Earth. (click to tweet)
Life is hard and we can all benefit from encouragement and acceptance. Even plants that were spoken to (e.g. ‘great job little guy, you’re doing so well…’) did better than the ones that only got water and sunlight.
So maybe, though there is no paycheck, official education, or global spotlight, some of our best efforts are spent encouraging each other in the home, classroom, office, community…
And the next time your kids are making you crazy, try to stop and reflect if they’re not purifying something out of your own heart.
How do you encourage others or yourself in this age of depression, anxiety and self-hate? Did you have any teachers that made a positive impact on your life? If so, what kind of teacher was it? Please share in the comments!
Check or Share these related blog posts:
– Confessions of a Perfectionist Tongue: What I didn’t Say to My Son This Morning
– The Last Wall : Are Our Hearts the Hardest Border to Break?
– If People are like Trees, Here’s to all the Weeping Willows (Sensitivity = Strength) | <urn:uuid:c2683787-8c3e-4404-acfe-2a721d12cf07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thisisheartinformation.com/2018/12/10/no-strict-teachers-in-heaven-prepping-kids-for-the-cruel-world-or-helping-them-break-it/?replytocom=390 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.927965 | 818 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Have you ever enjoyed or benefited from a man-made lake? If you have, you will appreciate the new research in natural ingredients. Why? Consider this: A man-made lake is none other than natural ingredients moved or manipulated for the purpose of providing beneficial resources, such as energy, drinking water and food.
So it is with natural ingredients. Recent research has shown that if you combine or manipulate certain natural ingredients, they can enhance each other’s performance in a synergistic way, providing beneficial and effective results.
Some words of caution: Because the cosmetic industry is self-regulated, cosmetic companies can make organic and natural claims without certification. Also, it is interesting to note that when it comes to organic cosmeceuticals, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not consider the term “cosmeceutical” to be a valid product class. It is a term coined by the cosmetic industry applied to products that are said to bridge the gap between cosmetics and drugs. The term cosmeceutical often is used in cosmetic advertising and may be misleading.
The natural revolution
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The natural revolution is quietly gaining momentum in the skin care industry. Check out the following trends.
- Organic cosmetic sales growth in the United States is increasing every year.
- People are increasingly interested in natural beauty products.
- According to Lee Kynaston, editor of Men’s Health magazine in the United Kingdom, men are inquiring and requesting all-natural products for their unique skin care issues. They are concerned that looking old or simply showing the natural indicators of aging, such as wrinkles, may affect their perceived value in the workplace.
- Baby boomers are looking for healthier alternatives, from natural or organic food and clothing to pet food and makeup.
- Young people are increasingly choosing organic clothing, food and skin care.
With these kinds of statistics, it is easy to understand why enthusiastic chemists and formulators are ramping up their research and rushing to satisfy this consumer demand. However, ask any natural skin care chemist how these trends have affected their daily routine, and they will say it’s a tough job. It’s difficult to maintain natural or organic standards—as upheld by organizations such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) or Ecocert—and also make sure a formula is silky smooth, neutral or pleasantly scented, neutral or pleasantly colored, pleasantly textured, easy to absorb, nonoily/nongreasy, noncomedogenic, nonallergenic, hydrating, fair trade, eco-friendly, with a reasonable shelf life and, last but not least, just as effective as a conventional product, or better.
It is a challenge to say the least. What’s more, if you want to start a fight in the skin care industry, all you have to do is put a couple of chemists in the same room and then ask them what makes a formula natural. OK, OK ... maybe there won’t be a fight, but you are sure to enjoy an exciting debate on the subject.
Cara Welch, PhD, vice president of scientific and regulatory affairs for the Natural Products Association (NPA), comments, “It’s all about efficacy. If you place two products next to each other, one conventional and one all-natural, and they are both truly effective and share the same price points, it’s a no-brainer that an informed consumer would choose the product with ingredients that have been proven effective, natural and safe for hundreds or even thousands of years.”
The key words here are “informed consumer,” and that is exactly what consumers are nowadays—informed. Remember, a growing number of informed consumers are interested in purchasing a natural alternative that can often outperform a synthetic counterpart. The question is: Since this is the new buzz, are you, as a skin care professional, ramping up your research and rushing to satisfy your clients’ interests and demands? If you are, you will no doubt bring new revenue to your business.
Up-and-coming natural ingredients
To get started in your search for the best all-natural ingredients, listen up, because they may be different from what you imagine. Dihydrogen monoxide may sound dangerous to those with a limited knowledge of chemistry or who hold to an ideal of a chemical-free life. There even was an attempt to ban this chemical—it’s a good thing it didn’t pass. If it had, everyone would be without ... water. Yes, dihydrogen monoxide is the scientific name for water. This just goes to show how the lack of scientific literacy and an exaggerated analysis can lead to misplaced fears.
Many natural and organic ingredients and organic blends have names that might raise a skeptical eyebrow. Have you ever picked up a jar of natural personal care product and read polyglyceryl-2 dipolyhydroxystearate? This very long word sounds like some horrible chemical containing unwanted toxins and metals, but it is actually a friendly ingredient. The simple organic terms that were once familiar are now being synergistically married with some very powerfully anti-aging and active compounds that are equally natural, but have the funkiest, tongue-twisting names.
So, with an open mind and being careful not to fall into the trap of two extreme mindsets—either believing that natural products aren’t powerful enough to measure up to conventional ones, or adhering strictly to ingredient names that are only familiar to your own botanical vocabulary—you should continue reading. Following is a sneak peek at the up-and-coming ingredients that are not only all-natural, but highly effective.
Anti-aging. Following are natural ingredients that can help provide anti-aging results when included in skin care and cosmetic formulations.
- Myoxinol*—These botanical hibiscus oligopeptides can help inhibit muscle-cell contraction, complemented with activity against biological agents of cellular aging.
- Macelignan—This active ingredient from nutmeg can cause cells from adipose tissue to increase in volume, thereby allowing wrinkles to become less visible.
- Zirhafirm**—This four-part synergistic combination, that includes zizyphus jujuba seed extract, recovers and maintains skin’s firmness and elasticity by helping activate gene expression and strengthening intracellular unions.
- EcoBidens***—This three-part blend promotes a decrease of inflammatory mediators involved in premature skin aging, and protects DNA resistance and senescence. It helps improve fibroblast proliferation and re-establishes antioxidant enzymes after sun stress.
- Elestan LS 9913*—This offers unique four-in-one protection and repair activity on the skin’s elastic fiber network, and helps to enhance skin firmness, resilience and elasticity.
Anti-aging for eyes. This natural ingredient can help provide anti-aging results for the eyes when included in skin care and cosmetic formulations.
- Bioskinup Contour 3R***—This is an eight-part synergistic blend of Brazilian and European plants providing triple action: anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous and venous protection. This is a complete and scientifically based dermocosmetic active developed for delicate problem areas around the eyes.
Hydration. Following are natural ingredients that can help provide hydration when included in skin care and cosmetic formulations.
- 1,3-Propanediol—A corn-based humectant that may be superior to other synthetic humectants such as butylene glycol.
- Adansonia digitata—This oil harvested from the dry valley of the Limpopo Region in South Africa helps repair damaged skin, and offers instant and sustained relief from dry, damaged skin.
- Aquasense 3R***—This moisturizer helps prevent skin aging while increasing fibronectins, aquaporins and envelope proteins, increasing moisturization from inside out. Clinically tested for moisturizing and skin aging effects.
Skin lightening. This natural ingredient can help provide lightening results when included in skin care and cosmetic formulations.
- Artocarpus incises—This heartwood extract of Thai breadfruit is a new skin-lightening active that may be better than kojic acid, a great substitute for hydroquinone.
Of equal importance is not only what is put into natural skin care, but also what is kept out—welcome to natural preservation challenges. Not getting into the paraben debate, preservative blends have been created using a wide range of aroma-inspired ingredients and have the added benefit of providing a little aroma to the formulation. (Editor’s note: For more information on the paraben debate, please see the article “The Truth About Parabens” by Carol and Robert Trow from the July 2010 issue of Skin Inc. magazine.)
For example, phenethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, may sound like a synthetic chemical, but it’s actually an organic compound found in a variety of essential oils, including rose, carnation, hyacinth, aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang and geranium. It is used as a preservative because of its antimicrobial properties. There are also preservatives that add benefits, such as being antioxidants as well. These include trehalose, or glyceryl caprylate, which is a preservative that acts as a humectant and improves the overall moisturizing capacity of the whole formula.
Steer your ship
Indeed, the natural skin care and cosmetic industry has come a long way. There are more independent studies, more science and more ways to make a difference. Like anything else, the research just keeps getting better.
The winds of change are re-directing the skin care ship. Nothing is secret anymore. Informed consumers know what they want. Being informed will also help skin care professionals know when to turn the ship, when to let go of old ideas, and when to embrace and offer cutting-edge, all-natural products that have been made from new ingredient research.
Sherrie Berry’s 20-year career in business includes successful corporate executive positions such as vice president for a big-box retail chain and CEO for a distribution company. She is currently the CEO and product developer at SkinAgain, where she leads a multidisciplinary team of skin care technicians, chemists and market researchers. As a specialist in skin care development, Berry’s avid belief in the benefits of all-natural product development has been the catalyst of regular consultation for her expertise in all-natural marketing regulations, standards and certification processes.
* Myoxinol and Elestan LS 9913 are trade names of Cognis Corporation, Germany.
** Zirhafirm is a trade name of Centerchem, Inc., Norwalk, CT.
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Massachusetts became the 6th state admitted into the union and now has an estimated 599,389 small businesses. Massachusetts has been significant throughout American history. Plymouth was the second permanent English settlement in North America. Many of Massachusetts's towns were founded by colonists from England in the 1620s and 1630s.
To provide the best EZlocal experience, find your hometown! EZlocal's city home pages contain local businesses, news, jobs and more. Start now by selecting your city or entering your zip code.
Latest Massachusetts Businesses | <urn:uuid:84d0061a-5358-4ee9-8b3c-91a24d96b669> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ezlocal.com/ma | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.969635 | 111 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Coventry Academy provides a training course in Smart Leadership: Achieving Strategy through Leadership & Innovation in Management & Leadership
|29 Aug - 02 Sep 2022||Vienna - Austria||$5,950|
|14 - 18 Nov 2022||Amsterdam - The Netherlands||$5,950|
Why Choose this Training Course?
This highly popular Coventry Academy leadership training course will expose delegates on the concept that innovation and outstanding leadership go hand in hand. Delegates will learn that new ideas can inspire new products, services and systems which can provide a distinct competitive advantage over competitors, and smart leadership brings those ideas to life.
Outstanding leadership does not occur by accident. Great leaders are smart leaders. They understand it is imperative to continuously develop and build upon many key skills. They know that it begins with their thinking and commitment to learning and secondly to foster the creative impulse throughout the organization.
This Coventry Academy training course will feature:
- Learning the foundations of Smart Leadership
- Creating a Culture of Innovation
- Using multiple intelligences to create Innovation
- Identifying and motivating creative people
- Leading a creative process for developing innovation | <urn:uuid:4c6cf2ce-54ad-41b2-b626-5ba59fd1b486> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coventryacademy.com/course/smart-leadership-achieving-strategy-through-leadership-innovation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.926435 | 251 | 1.554688 | 2 |
A management plan to reduce predation by Caspian terns on fish in the Columbia River, particularly salmon and steelhead smolts as they migrate to the ocean in the spring, appears to be working, the research scientist who directs the effort told the Council at its September meeting.
Caspian Terns are a native species to the Northwest and are protected under the 1918 Migratory Bird Treaty Act. For at least the last 10 years, the population of terns nesting in the Columbia River estuary has alarmed fisheries managers, as the birds prey on small fish including salmon and steelhead smolts. Research and monitoring to reduce the predation began in 1997.
The tern nesting season largely overlaps with the time juvenile salmon and steelhead are migrating to the ocean, in the spring and early summer. Predation by fish-eating birds – terns, double-crested cormorants, and gulls – is considered a major source of mortality for some Endangered Species Act-listed salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia River Basin.
The research resulted in a management plan and actions to reduce the predation, including encouraging a large tern colony on Rice Island east of Astoria to relocate about 10 miles downriver to East Sand Island, which is closer to the mouth of the river. Near East Sand Island the mix of fish in the water includes more forage fish like herring and fewer salmon and steelhead than near Rice Island. Also, passive deterrents like pole-mounted streamers that wave in the wind and snow fencing were installed on the beaches where terns prefer to nest. These were successful, and by 2007 the bulk of the colony moved to East Sand Island, where a nesting area was provided and subsequently reduced in size from six acres to one acre over time. Simultaneous with shrinking the East Sand nesting area, alternative nesting sites were provided at six locations in Oregon and Northern California – terns migrate very long distances.
The goal is to reduce the colony from 9,400 breeding pairs to 3,125 (there are 5,000 pairs in 2018). Before the control effort began, it was believed that Caspian terns killed as many as 25 million smolts annually, or about 15 percent of the juvenile fish in the estuary migrating to the ocean.
“The impact in the estuary has not been trivial,” the chief researcher, Dan Roby, of Bend, Oregon-based Real Time Research, told the Council. “However, management has resulted in a 50-percent reduction in breeding pairs in the estuary so there has been a sizable reduction.”
Predation also occurs in the Columbia River near the mouth of the Snake River, where terns were believed to be killing between 5 percent and as much as 30 percent of juvenile steelhead from some upriver populations annually. Gulls also may be responsible for a large number of smolt deaths each year, but that remains uncertain, Roby said.
As a result of the management actions, tern predation on smolts has been reduced by 50 percent or more, and thousands of birds are using the alternative nesting sites outside the Columbia River Basin. However, some of those alternative nesting sites, such as some in Southeastern Oregon, have suffered the effects of drought, and birds have not used them. As well, terns in the interior of Washington seem more resilient to management actions, and other terns have discovered the upper Columbia River estuary, where predation rates on salmon and steelhead are proving to be much higher than in the estuary.
Funding for the tern-control effort has come from multiple agencies but primarily and consistently from the Bonneville Power Administration, Roby said. However, the future of the research and management may be in jeopardy because of funding cuts. “Bonneville has notified us they will have to cut back management funding dramatically,” he said, adding that the other primary funder, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which built Rice and East Sand islands with sand dredged from the river’s navigation channel, “has decided they are out of the tern management business.” | <urn:uuid:3a17df78-d219-42a4-ba9c-6499148cb026> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nwcouncil.org/news/2018/09/14/management-actions-have-reduced-predation-fish-caspian-terns-columbia-river-estuary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.96896 | 863 | 3.3125 | 3 |
LAWRENCE Livermore produced the first diagrams illustrating U.S. energy use in the mid-1970s. Portraying U.S. energy resources and their ultimate use, these diagrams, called energy flow charts, help scientists, analysts, and other decision makers to visualize the complex interrelationships involved in powering the nation. The charts continue to provide value, drawing widespread attention and praise from such organizations as the National Academy of Sciences and the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
Nalu Kaahaaina, deputy project director for Energy and Environmental Security in the Global Security Principal Directorate, has overall responsibility for Livermore’s development of the energy flow charts, and engineer A. J. Simon leads the analysis. The researchers, both previously lecturers at Stanford University, note that the Laboratory’s work on the energy diagrams is one reason they chose to come to Livermore. “A huge community of experts is performing energy systems analysis,” says Simon, “but Livermore is one of the few organizations that distills ‘the big picture’ into a concise visual representation.” Because the Laboratory’s staff includes a variety of experts working across disciplines, it is uniquely qualified to develop the charts.
A single energy flow chart for U.S. resources and their use represents vast quantities of data from the Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration (EIA). In 2007, for example, energy resources included solar, nuclear, hydroelectric, wind, geothermal, natural gas, coal, biomass, and petroleum. Fully 40 percent of the total resources expended produced electricity—to power hair dryers and coffee makers, run factory lines and agricultural irrigation systems, and keep the lights on. All nuclear energy and virtually all coal resources went toward electricity generation as well. The uses for natural gas, another major resource, were more varied. Petroleum, the largest single resource, representing almost 40 percent of total energy inputs, continued to be used primarily to fuel cars, planes, and other forms of transportation.
A Snapshot of Changing Technologies
“Alternative” energy resources such as wind and solar did not figure into the 1982 diagram at all. Solar energy appears on the 2007 chart, but it is used almost exclusively by private homeowners. This detail reflects the expense of the technologies that collect solar radiation and transform it into electricity relative to the cost of systems that deliver other forms of energy. As a result, choosing solar energy as a power source is usually an individual decision.
Considerable research and development is under way to make solar and other forms of energy less expensive and more available to the public. In fact, the newest charts, which are available online at publicaffairs.llnl.gov/news/energy/energy.html, show that this effort is producing results. Not only did Americans reduce their energy usage from 101.5 quads in 2007 to 99.2 quads in 2008, but also more of that energy came from renewable resources. Nuclear power continues to make small gains through increased reliability. Thus, if current clean energy policies are successful, the flow chart for U.S. energy sources and their use will look very different by 2032.
Capturing the Big Picture
Simon has already harnessed Laboratory expertise in algorithm design, physics-based modeling, and system analysis to produce increasingly refined assessments of U.S. energy resources and consumption. “Originally, producing these charts required a member of our technical staff to review an EIA report and a graphics designer to produce the image,” says Simon. “Now, we automate the routine data synthesis with a software engine that renders the image.” Instead of having a person read through a 400-page report, the analysis tool calculates a set of intermediates, ultimately generating approximately 30 energy statistics. This greatly speeds the process—which once took a week—enabling the analyst to now spend a few hours interpreting the results after only a few seconds of processing.
“The relative simplicity of the diagrams sometimes belies the initial effort to build them,” says Simon. “Ultimately, this effort is about taking complex systems and sharing them with broader audiences. The less daunting the information is, the more impact it can have. Simplicity is a compliment.”
The next logical step for Kaahaaina and Simon is to apply the science of informatics to the less structured data, particularly data gathered from otherwise distinct technical fields. Such a step would reduce the barriers to optimizing large systems. Energy informatics would combine Livermore’s substantial computational capability with expertise in energy technology to organize and process data in ways that make it more accessible.
“Examining information across scales and disciplines requires quick access to the data at many levels,” says Kaahaaina. “Our national figures offer a high-level view of what energy means. In reality, the national energy network comprises many layers of technology, from microscale chemical mechanisms to mesoscale devices and macroscale infrastructure. Addressing all of these scales comprehensively requires both dexterity of information and the array of technical disciplines needed to process that data sensibly.”
Energy informatics will improve the methods available for visualizing these types of data. As a result, says Simon, “We will be better able to answer the questions we receive from other researchers, and we can develop more useful products for a variety of users.” The team is currently searching for a sponsor to support an energy informatics program at the Laboratory.
For Livermore’s mission-related work on energy and environmental security, the flow charts are an ideal tool to analyze not only energy but also carbon, water, and other relevant “networks.” One chart portrays the estimated carbon dioxide emissions associated with all energy resources. Such analyses provide insights that simultaneously enable system optimization, for example, identifying underused resources or the need for better technology, and reveal cross-system couplings, such as carbon embedded in energy or water demand for electricity generation.
“I think of the energy flow charts as yet another example of ‘thought leadership’ at the Laboratory,” says Kaahaaina. “The diagrams contain so much data, they can be used in many different ways by a variety of groups.”
Key Words: carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, energy flow charts, energy flow diagrams, energy resources.
For further information contact A. J. Simon (925) 422-9862 (email@example.com).
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
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Citrix has developed mobile apps to help small groups collaborate and execute more efficiently. In various stages of readiness, it calls them Experiments.
Citrix, which is celebrating its 25-year anniversary, has evolved from offering people access to stuff from anywhere to also offering them access to other people.
While perhaps better known for its GoToMeeting solution, mobile device management tools and large cloud networking solutions, Citrix has also been developing apps—what it calls Experiments—for small businesses or small teams, with the aim of improving individual efficiency, group collaboration, communication and, of course, access. Below are four standouts.
Citrix purchased the Copenhagen-based Podio in 2012 and continues to improve on it. Podio is a cloud-based app that helps users manage projects and collaborate with colleagues. Its interface is clean and modern and looks like Facebook meets Google+. There are lines for different deliverables, each of which can have its own ecosystem of comments and collaborative remarks and shared documents.
Podio can also be customized—without code, and by the people doing the work, who know best what they need—to the way a team works and the type of work that it's doing, whether it's a marketing group or wedding planners.
The ideal Podio workgroup is between 10 and 50 people. Citrix is so sure of Podio's ability to help get things done, it offers it free to nonprofits. Other users pay by the seat.
Talkboard is a white-boarding app for the iPad. It can be used to sketch or draw ideas—on the user's tablet but also the tablets or displays of colleagues' devices. It can be opened in Evernote or an email (and, soon, in a video chat), so that others can see what you're drawing, or vice versa.
It's easy to imagine designers or architects taking to Talkboard, and Citrix says there's been a big interest from elementary schools (no shocker, once you try it out). It's the type of app that could keep kids busy in the backseat—it offers an array of color options, paints and writing utensil tips, from markers to pencils and pens—but also offer serious benefits in the office.
It will eventually be available for other types of tablets as well.
How many times have you sat on a conference call, waiting for the last invited party to call in? Convoi, a free conference call and chatting app, solves that. Members of a team can be grouped, and all of them can be called or conferenced-in at once, without the need to deal with phone numbers or access codes.
By dragging around user icons, new small groups can be created as necessary.
ShareConnect is a freemium-style remote-access app that creates remote shortcuts between an iPad and desktop apps. Ideal for small-business owners, it makes desktop apps feel as though they were also made for Apple's tablet. A user can leave on a computer, head out the door with her iPad, and know she'll have the same functionality and access to documents as if she were behind her desk.
One early user, said Citrix, plans to take ShareConnect on a monthlong vacation abroad, so she can take care of employee payroll while she's away. It's a "no one needs to know you're not in your office" app.
These and other new apps can be explored on the Citrix Experiments
Follow Michelle Maisto on Twitter. | <urn:uuid:4a5b8ef0-59e3-4f5f-8ff4-411becf0cc7e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.eweek.com/enterprise-apps/citrix-experiments-include-big-impact-apps-for-small-businesses.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00065-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966668 | 727 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Daniel Rodrigues’s “The Iron Train”
The Iron Train, which starts its journey in Nouadhibou and ends in Zouérat, travels more than 405 miles through the Sahara Desert over the course of 20 hours. The extreme shifts in temperature from day to night make for uneasy travel conditions, but “the worst,” photographer Daniel Rodrigues says, “is the dust produced by wagons full of iron minerals.” The minerals come from a Zouérat mine and are unloaded in cargo boats in the port of Nouadhibou, he explains.
Rodrigues, a graduate of the Portuguese Institute of Photography, first became interested in the massive 1.5-mile-long train after encountering it in Mauritania while following a humanitarian mission that was en route from Portugal to Guinea-Bissau. Captivated by its story, Rodrigues returned to the area this year to photograph the Iron Train and the people who use it as a mode of transportation. Many of its riders are poor, and use this dangerous mode of transportation to visit relatives or to transport goods, such as live animals.
Inspired by the likes of Elliott Erwitt, Don McCullin and Sebastião Salgado, Rodrigues produces both thoughtful, well-researched documentary work—which has been recognized by World Press Photo, Best of Photojournalism and Pictures of the Year International—and more spontaneous travel and street photography. This body of work will be part of a larger ongoing project about the many different trains that exist in the world and how they are used. Rodrigues says: “It’s one thing I want to [photograph] throughout life.”
All photos © Daniel Rodrigues
Read more interviews from our sister magazine, Emerging Photographer, at issuu.com. | <urn:uuid:15457d51-b5a4-439e-93cf-b9664428a05d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://edublog.pdnonline.com/2016/07/daniel-rodriguess-the-iron-train.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00266-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929861 | 377 | 2.375 | 2 |
- Reading and JLPT level
- Word Senses
- Parts of speech
- noun (common) (futsuumeishi), nouns which may take the genitive case particle `no'
- air-conditioner; air-conditioning
- Example sentence
- 暖房と同様に、冷房時の消費電力量を測定し、旧型と省エネ型（２００１年製）のエアコンを比較しました。 We measured the electricity used during air cooling in the same way as heating, and compared the old model air conditioner to the energy conservation (2001) model.
Examples of , エアコン in a sentence
We measured the electricity used during air cooling in the same way as heating, and compared the old model air conditioner to the energy conservation (2001) model.
An air conditioner is available as an optional extra.
She had an air conditioner installed in her house.
I can't do without an air conditioner in the summer.
I can't survive without air conditioning in the summer.
I'm accustomed to sleeping in a room without air conditioning.
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With three subscription types to choose from, there's one to fit every student's budget.Start your free 7-day trial now! | <urn:uuid:80d934bd-80a3-4eb6-9c37-4a3c9e360057> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nihongomaster.com/japanese/dictionary/word/2477/eakon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.847515 | 439 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Is attending evening service compulsory for members in a Reformed church, such as PCC? If so, please show scriptural justifications.
First, I must begin by saying that I do not believe anyone can show a direct commandment from the Scripture that Christians must attend evening services. Secondly, I must hasten to add that it would not be wrong for a church to make it compulsory for her members to attend evening service. I believe it would be sufficient for the Session (or leaders) to show that attendance at the evening service is in accordance to the Scripture and Confession of the church, is good for the members and pleasing to the Lord, in order to impose it as a duty required of her members. This is the principle of rulership in the church. If the Session (or leaders) may only make anything compulsory for which there is a direct command and a “thus saith the Lord,” then why does the writer of Hebrews teach us: “Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls, as they that must give account, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief: for that is unprofitable for you“ (Heb 13:17). Now, we must be careful not to abuse this verse as Rome has done to require implicit submission to all popes and bishops, even when they contradict the Word of God. But at the same time, we must not over-react against perceived popery and so throw off all respect and submission, and right of rule in the Christian church. Calvin explains the balance well:
Doubly foolish, then, are the Papists, who from these words confirm the tyranny of their own idol: “The Spirit bids us obediently to receive the doctrine of godly and faithful bishops, and to obey their wholesome counsels; he bids us also to honour them.” But how does this favour mere apes of bishops? And yet not only such are all those who are bishops under the Papacy, but they are cruel murderers of souls and rapacious wolves. But to pass by a description of them, this only will I say at present, that when we are bidden to obey our pastors, we ought carefully and wisely to find out those who are true and faithful rulers; for if we render this honour to all indiscriminately, first, a wrong will be done to the good; and secondly, the reason here added, to honour them because they watch for souls, will be rendered nugatory. In order, therefore, that the Pope and those who belong to him may derive support from this passage, they must all of necessity first prove that they are of the number of those who watch for our salvation. If this be made evident, there will then be no question but that they ought to be reverently treated by all the godly (comm. on Heb 13:17).
That notwithstanding, I must state that PCC has not made the evening service compulsory, and it is very unlikely that we would do so. I cannot speak for other Reformed churches. PCC is a reforming congregation still in her infancy, and therefore our policies may or may not be applicable in other communions. But the reason we have taken such a position is that we (the Session, at least) believe that no one should be forced to come for worship. It may be noted that our membership covenant do require that all members “regularly attend the worship service” in the church. However, in the first place, most of us took the covenant before the evening service begun. And, in the second place, we do understand that many have genuine difficulties attending the evening service. In the third place, it must be admitted that quite a number of us, having been brought up under more or less antinomian cultures, are still not fully persuaded of the principles of Sabbath-keeping. Whatever the case may be, the Session must lead the church with the state of the flock in mind. Until the flock is more mature and there is a rather homogeneous conviction on related doctrines, to make evening service compulsory may be akin to irresponsibly pouring new wine into old wine skins. But of course, if the congregation reaches such a state (which it may not unless we narrow our doors for membership admission), then there will be no more need to impose anything. Although duties and standards may often be required of members so that “all things be done decently and in order” (1 Cor 14:40), it is always best to leave the members answerable to the Lord rather than to the Session in matters where there may be differing convictions. In other words, we should patiently pray that more would come because they want to rather than have to.
Nevertheless, I would like to strongly urge all our members to make every effort to come and attend our evening service. In the first place, I can think of no better way of spending the Lord’s Day evening. Some of us who have genuine difficulties in coming may want to worship at home. But I believe that God is more pleased with public worship than private family worship on the Lord’s Day: “The LORD loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob” (Ps 87:2); “And let us consider one another to provoke unto love and to good works: Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching” (Heb 10:24–25). Secondly, experience teaches me that without the evening service, many of us would not have the discipline or resolve to keep the whole day holy unto the Lord. Thirdly, the evening worship provides an additional means of grace. Fourthly, the sermons in our evening service are intentionally made a little simpler, and have a stronger Gospel emphasis so that we may invite our unbelieving friends. The evening service therefore serves also as an evangelistic arm of the church (this is not to say that the Gospel is not preached in the morning, or that there is no teaching in the evening, but that a special attempt is made to speak to the unconverted in the evening).
It is for these reasons (apart from the good Reformed tradition in England, Scotland, Wales and America) that we instituted the Evening Service. It is out of a desire for the glory of God, for spiritual good of the members of the church, and a desire that the Lord will use the church as an instrument of conversion that we have been urging attendance at the evening worship. I believe those who have been attending can testify that they do not find it a burden to come despite occasional bodily tiredness, and indeed that the spiritual refreshings received from the Lord do make our efforts worthwhile.
Q & A Articles > | <urn:uuid:c7d11aaa-2e76-48a7-816b-16566012937b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://sites.google.com/a/pilgrim-covenant.com/www/q-a/attending-evening-services | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970942 | 1,414 | 1.648438 | 2 |
The U.S. 87th Regiment passing along the slopes of Mount Moscosa in Italy, during World War II.
Italy Date:1945, April 19 Duration:1 min 7 sec Sound:NO SOUND
Soldiers of the U.S. 87th Regiment marching along a dusty trail in Italy during World War 2. First, only their legs and feet are seen. Then in a longer view they march single-file down a slope of Mount Moscosa, past parked armored vehicles. Later, they spread out and begin to deploy on another part of the Mountain slopes. Some appear to occupy foxholes already prepared. (Note: reportedly, slate refers to T/4 Jack Rubin, 196th Signal Photo Company, who was involved in making this film.)
This historic stock footage available in HD and SD video. View pricing below video player.
Have a correction or more info about this clip? Edit Now | <urn:uuid:2deee0a5-b281-4fbd-9514-3f516932ad0c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675076381_United-States-soldiers_87th-Regiment_soldiers-advancing_vehicles-passing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00137-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935813 | 187 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Remember when candy was on our minds all day every day (otherwise known as “the good old days”)? Unsolved mystery: what was that tan goo inside every chocolate bar?
Nougat is candy made from nuts, honey, sugar and egg whites and is found inside many candy bars. The French word tastes and sounds just right with some classical music and dessert porn.
Use today’s Word of the Day: Video: Melting Chocolate Set To Classical Music | <urn:uuid:5dab6802-63a0-442b-a142-105cc6320d1b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.foodrepublic.com/2012/05/02/word-of-the-day-nougat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00188-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945695 | 101 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Who wouldn’t want to move to Shoreham? Quaint and quintessentially American, the fictional town is the location of dozens of exciting mysteries and home to The Happy Hollisters, along with memorable characters like their friends Indy Roades and Officer Cal Newberry, and, of course, local bully Joey Brill. Pete, Pam, Ricky, Holly, Sue, and their parents didn’t always live in Shoreham, and their move to a “spooky” new home in the first chapter of the first book kicks off an entire series of mysterious goings-on and adventures.
Moving to a new home or new town is something that many kids go through, and it can be a sad, scary, and stressful time for them. Luckily, the Hollisters have already been through it—and have plenty of helpful tips for getting through a big move.
Help Out in Small Ways
Between organizing items, packing up boxes, and loading the truck, moving can be a chaotic process. To avoid feeling lost or overwhelmed, kids can stay involved in their family’s move by helping out with small and safe tasks, like packing their own toys, carrying lightweight boxes, or doing cleaning chores around the house to ready it for the next owners.
In the first book of The Happy Hollisters series, Pete, Pam, Ricky, and Holly help out by carrying their own toys to the moving truck. Ricky learns a valuable lesson when he falls and nearly breaks Holly’s prized toy piano—and his own nose—showing that safety and care are of the utmost importance for young moving helpers!
Try Not To Stress Out Parents
Moving is hard on adults, too. Even parents can feel emotional or stressed about an upcoming move. While parents handle tasks like arranging movers and talking to realtors, kids can help by doing their best to stay out of trouble and avoid causing any extra problems for their families. Along with helping out with small tasks, this also means staying out of the way in potentially dangerous situations, like when someone is moving a very heavy piece of furniture down the stairs.
Little Sue Hollister causes a stressful commotion during her family’s move when she suddenly vanishes, along with Zip, the family dog. While she’s quickly located and was only having some fun hiding in the big moving van, she gives her siblings and parents a big scare. It’s important to make moving fun, but kids should stay safe and careful.
Keep in Touch
Leaving good friends behind is no fun, especially for kids moving to a completely new city or even a different state. Kids might be worried about losing touch with their old friends, or about feeling left out when their friends have new experiences without them.
Holly offers some great advice when she promises to write to her friends as soon as she arrives in Shoreham. Making an agreement to stay in touch can make saying goodbye to friends a bit easier, and unlike the Hollisters, today’s kids can use email or social media to say hello to their friends as often as they like. They can also invite their friends to come visit them in their new home, like Pete does when he encourages a friend to come fish with him at the lake behind the Hollisters’ new home.
Enjoy the Journey
On their way to Shoreham, the Hollisters make the most of their drive by playing fun car games and stopping by a lovely stream to have a picnic lunch. Having fun on the trip to a new home takes away some of the anxiety and uncertainty and helps kids kick off an exciting adventure before the first boxes are even unpacked.
In true Hollister fashion, Pete, Pam, Ricky, Holly, and Sue have a run-in with Joey Brill before they make it to Shoreham, when they encounter the troublemaking boy at a cottage where they stop for the night. While Joey causes mischief, he certainly ensures that there’s nothing boring or ordinary about their move.
For families getting ready to move to a new home, The Happy Hollisters by Jerry West provides a few fun moving tips and is a great reading escape for kids looking to find a few friendly faces in the chaos of a move. | <urn:uuid:a5f98a9d-d30a-42af-9024-a29b4dfee020> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehappyhollisters.com/moving-with-the-hollisters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.961583 | 865 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Three University of Chicago scientists to present Einstein lectures
Illinois Humanities Council sponsors events July 11, Aug. 11, Sept. 8
Three University of Chicago scientists will discuss the theory of everything, the arrow of time, the subatomic world and other topics related to the work of Albert Einstein in a series of free lectures sponsored by the Illinois Humanities Council over the next three months.
The lecture series, titled “Einstein’s Revolutions,” began in June and commemorates the 100th anniversary of Einstein’s miracle year, 1905, when, while working as a patent clerk in Switzerland, Einstein published a set of papers describing ideas that have influenced all of modern physics.
Speaking on Monday, July 11, about “Einstein’s Cosmic Legacy” will be Edward “Rocky” Kolb, a Professor in Astronomy & Astrophysics at the University of Chicago. He also is director of the Particle Astrophysics Center at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and author of Blind Watchers of the Sky: The People and Ideas that Shaped Our Views of the Universe.
Also speaking July 11 will be Janna Levin, assistant professor of physics at Barnard College of Columbia University. Levin is the author of How the Universe Got Its Spots: Diary of a Finite Time in a Finite Space. The event will begin at 6 p.m. July 11 in the Pritzker Auditorium of the Harold Washington Library, 400 S. State Street.
Kolb and Levin will discuss new mysteries that scientists may be able to unlock that go beyond Einstein’s discoveries. Although Einstein’s relativity theory ranks among humanity’s greatest achievements, it cannot answer several profound questions that are central to cosmology. What is the power source of the big bang? What is the mysterious dark energy pulling apart the universe? Is the universe finite? The discovery of a finite universe that contains extra dimensions would go beyond Einstein and possibly lead to the long-sought theory of everything, connecting the inner space of the atom to the outer space of the cosmos.
Speaking on Thursday, Aug. 11, about “Time’s Arrow,” will be Sean Carroll, Assistant Professor in Physics at the University of Chicago. Carroll’s lecture will begin at 6 p.m. at the Museum of Contemporary Art, 220 E. Chicago Ave.
The Aug. 11 event will highlight how Einstein’s theories of relativity revolutionized the modern understanding of time. In Einstein’s universe, time passes at different speeds relative to the position and velocity of the observer. Experiments have dramatically confirmed Einstein’s ideas, but puzzles remain.
Carroll will discuss science’s current understanding of time and how research might alter that understanding in the future. Presenting a philosophical and artistic understanding of time will be David Albert, professor of philosophy at Columbia University, and visual artist Antonia Contro.
Speaking on Thursday, Sept. 8, about “Einstein’s Hidden Worlds” will be Joe Lykken, Professor in Physics at the University of Chicago and a theoretical particle physicist at Fermilab. Lykken’s talk will begin at 6 p.m. in the Claudia Cassidy Theatre of the Chicago Cultural Center, 77 E. Randolph St.
In 1905 Einstein showed that the world is profoundly shaped by a subatomic world ruled by quantum physics, a system with properties so bizarre that Einstein later found it difficult to accept. Yet these principles are now responsible for modern electronics, computers, lasers and medical imaging.
Later, Einstein proposed another new world where space and time are twisted and warped by matter and energy, a world that might also contain hidden dimensions and links to parallel universes. Lyyken will describe how scientists today use particle accelerators and sophisticated space observatories to reveal a reality even stranger than Einstein’s vision.
All three events are free, but registration is required. For more information, visit http://www.prairie.org/Einstein, or contact the Illinois Humanities Council at 312-422-5580, or email@example.com.
Last modified at
11:22 AM CST on Thursday, June 30, 2005. | <urn:uuid:b4b87994-59b8-45da-a71e-45292e281f5d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/05/050629.einstein.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00221-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891631 | 881 | 2.265625 | 2 |
A day after President Bush delivered an ultimatum to Iraq, three veteran diplomats addressed the situation in North Korea – another member of the “axis of evil” – in a forum discussion at the Business School yesterday.
Former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, Korean Ambassador to the United States Yang Sung Chul and former U.S. Ambassador to Korea Donald Gregg, spoke at the forum, titled “Korea: Issues and Prospects.” The event filled Hale Auditorium with hundreds of students, professors and others concerned with the diplomatic conflict.
“We have the Iraq crisis going on now, and we may go into war by the end of the week,” said Albright, a distinguished scholar at the William Davidson Institute of the Business School. “But I think there is an even greater crisis, and that is the relationship that we have with North Korea.”
Albright said she believes the incredibly strong U.S. military will have no problems in delivering a victory over Iraq. Concerns should focus on the problems that will lie ahead in the war’s aftermath, she said. Although there are many differences between Iraq and North Korea, Albright said “these two crises unfortunately have become linked and I think they need to be looked at, to some extent, together.”
President Bush linked Iraq and North Korea in last January’s State of the Union address. But Gregg said labeling Iraq, Iran and North Korea “the axis of evil” was a “terrible mistake” that put three heterogeneous countries together in the same category. In October, North Korea’s potential for threatening the world’s safety became apparent when it resumed the nuclear weapon program that it agreed to stop in 1994. The crisis intensified in January when the country announced its immediate withdrawal from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Apart from being the highest-ranking woman in the history of the U.S. government, Albright is also the highest level American official who has ever met with Kim Jong Il, leader of North Korea.
Albright said her visit to North Korea in October 2000 was productive and that direct dialogues should be held with North Korea for the United States to make clear that its weapon development is unacceptable. “I have always believed that you have to talk to the other side if you want to be able to deliver a tough message,” she said.
Chul echoed Albright’s view and said, “dialogue and diplomacy is the most practical and rational response to the North Korea situation.”
He said the whole world should contribute to resolving the crisis.
“The United States together with China, Russia and the (European Union) must coordinate and cooperate with each other to achieve the end,” Chul added. | <urn:uuid:cae5c768-2812-4574-a9d5-b9373f5beb89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.michigandaily.com/uncategorized/diplomats-urge-renewed-focus-korea/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.963784 | 585 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Information contained in this publication is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice or opinion, nor is it a substitute for the professional judgment of an attorney.
Update: The poster containing employee rights under the NJ SAFE Act is now available on the NJ DOL's website. The form poster must be conspicuously posted by October 1. You can access the poster by clicking here.
On July 17, 2013, Governor Chris Christie signed into law the New Jersey Security and Financial Empowerment Act (NJ SAFE Act). New Jersey joins 15 states, the District of Columbia,1 and a handful of local governments in providing victims of domestic violence or sexual assault with the right to take unpaid leave. Effective October 1, 2013, the NJ SAFE Act will provide eligible employees with unpaid time off to attend to a variety of matters related to an act of domestic violence or sexual assault committed against the employee or a family or household member.
The NJ SAFE Act grants employees the right to sue their employers for violations of the law if leave is denied or if the employee is the victim of wrongful discrimination or retaliation for requesting leave under the law. Under the new law, New Jersey employers will likely face new legal challenges and increased administrative costs, similar to those associated with carrying out the provisions of the New Jersey Family Leave Act (NJFLA). While the NJ SAFE Act identifies activities for which leave may be taken, the statute provides obstacles to implementation and employers will have to carefully tread new territory to avoid allegations of unfair implementation, while also preventing misuse of the leave period.
Covered Employers and Employees
Unlike the federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and the NJFLA, which generally applies to employers with 50 or more employees, the NJ SAFE Act applies to employers with 25 or more employees. Additionally, the NJ SAFE Act applies to all public offices, agencies, boards and government bodies in the State.
To be eligible for protection under the NJ SAFE Act, an individual must be employed for at least 12 months (there is no requirement that they be consecutive) and for at least 1,000 base hours (approximately 20 weeks) during the immediately preceding 12-month period. A covered employee who is a victim of domestic violence or a sexually violent offense (a “qualifying incident”), or whose family member (defined as a child, parent, spouse, domestic partner, or civil union partner) is a victim, is entitled to unpaid leave of no more than 20 days in one 12-month period, to be used in the 12-month period following any qualifying incident. The unpaid leave may be taken intermittently in intervals of at least one day, within the 12-month period following the qualifying incident. Each qualifying incident is a separate offense for which an employee is entitled to unpaid leave, provided he or she has not exhausted the allotted 20 days for the 12-month period.
The new law makes it unlawful for an employer to threaten or discharge, harass or otherwise discriminate or retaliate against an employee because the employee took or requested NJ SAFE Act leave.
Qualifying Reasons for Leave
Employees may take leave to engage in any of the following activities (as it applies to them personally, or to a family member as defined above):
- Seeking medical attention for, or recovering from, physical or psychological injuries caused by the incident;
- Obtaining services from a victim services organization;
- Obtaining psychological or other counseling;
- Participating in safety planning, temporarily or permanently relocating, or taking other actions to increase the victim’s safety or to ensure his or her economic security;
- Seeking legal assistance, including preparing for, or participating in, any civil or criminal legal proceeding related to or derived from domestic or sexual violence; or
- Attending, participating in, or preparing for a criminal or civil court proceeding relating to an incident of domestic or sexual violence.
An employer may require employees to provide documentation of the qualifying incident when requesting leave. Acceptable supporting documents include the following:
- A domestic violence restraining order or other documentation issued by a court;
- Written documentation from a county or municipal prosecutor;
- Documentation of the conviction of the person who committed the qualifying incident;
- Medical documentation of the qualifying incident;
- Certification from a certified Domestic Violence Specialist or the director of a designated domestic violence agency or Rape Crisis Center; or
- Other documentation or certification provided by a social worker, member of the clergy, shelter worker, or other professional who has assisted the employee or family member in dealing with the qualifying incident.
If the need for leave is foreseeable, employees must provide employers with written notice as far in advance as is reasonable and practical under the circumstances.
Employers may also require that employees use any accrued paid vacation leave, personal leave, or medical or sick leave during any part of the 20-day period of unpaid leave. If an employee requests leave for a reason that is also covered by the FMLA or the NJFLA, employers may count the leave against an FMLA or NJFLA entitlement and run it concurrently with the employee’s entitlement under each respective law.
An employer must conspicuously post a notice advising employees of their rights and obligations under the NJ SAFE Act. The New Jersey Department of Labor will approve a required form for posting.
The sole remedy for a violation of the NJ SAFE Act is a private cause of action in civil court. An employee who prevails in any such cause of action will be eligible to receive all remedies available in common law tort actions, such as emotional distress and compensatory damages. A court may also order a fine, an injunction, and/or reinstatement of an employee to the position held prior to the unlawful discharge or retaliatory action. Further, as with New Jersey’s other anti-discrimination statutes, a prevailing employee will be entitled to payment of reasonable costs and attorneys’ fees incurred by bringing an action.
There are several steps employers should take to ensure compliance with the NJ SAFE ACT, as well as guard against possible misuse of the law, protect themselves against excessive administrative costs, and minimize the risk of litigation brought by protected employees. Our recommendations are:
- Evaluate and update all policies regarding leaves of absence to ensure compliance with the new law;
- Establish a lawful administrative process for evaluating, granting and denying leave requests;
- Ensure the confidentiality of all information related to leave requests;
- Train human resources personnel on the requirements under the NJ SAFE Act;
- Monitor, evaluate and ensure consistent application of leave policies to protect against claims of discrimination based on other protected characteristics;
- Educate management on the statutory requirements and direct them to the proper personnel if leave is requested; and
- Inform all employees of their new rights and the changes in existing policies.
The New Jersey Department of Labor will issue a posting that covered employers must display in their workplaces. Additionally, it will publish interpretive regulations regarding the proper implementation of the new law. In the few months before the law goes into effect, and until the Department of Labor implements its regulations, employers should consult with counsel to ensure that all policies are up to date and disseminated to all employees and personnel, and to otherwise ensure compliance with these new statutory obligations.
Unlike California and New York, the NJ SAFE Act did not amend the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination (NJLAD) to include victims of domestic violence or sexual assault as a protected class. Regardless, employers should continue to be mindful of how state and federal law may apply to employment situations involving employees who are the victims of domestic violence or sexual assault. Indeed, both NJLAD and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act already prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex and disability, including prohibiting an employer’s use of stereotypes rooted in these protected classes. Consequently, employers should not overlook how state and federal anti-discrimination laws may apply to employment situations involving employees who now have leave rights under the NJ SAFE Act. In a Q&A fact sheet, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) identifies some examples that illustrate how Title VII and the Americans with Disabilities Act, for example, may protect employees who are the victims of domestic violence or sexual assault, and under what circumstances employment decisions may infringe on those rights.2 Employers should ensure that individuals responsible for administering leave requests are not only aware of the new statutory leave requirements, but also understand the potential that other equal employment opportunity laws may be implicated.
1 Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, the District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, New Jersey (effective October 1, 2013), New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Virginia, and Washington provide leaves for victims of domestic violence or sexual violence.
2 EEOC, Questions and Answers: The Application of Title VII and the ADA to Applicants or Employees Who Experience Domestic Violence or Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, or Stalking, http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/publications/qa_domestic_violence.cfm.
Eboneé Hamilton Lewis is a Shareholder, and Lauren Marcus is an Associate, in Littler Mendelson's Newark office. If you would like further information, please contact your Littler attorney at 1.888.Littler, email@example.com, Ms. Lewis at firstname.lastname@example.org, or Ms. Marcus at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:f1efaad5-ae31-4bd1-b9fa-c0c9324ddca2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.littler.com/new-jersey-law-requires-covered-employers-provide-domestic-violence-leave | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936269 | 1,956 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Communities developing resources and competencies for using their languages
Foundational understanding for language development work of all kinds
Publications, fonts and computer tools for language development, translation and research
SIL offers training in disciplines relevant to sustainable language development.
7,105 languages are spoken or signed. CLICK for map of world languages & regional websites.
SIL's dedication to language development past and present
SIL LEAD was created to help communities bridge the gap between the languages they speak and opportunities to improve their quality of life. We believe that the language a community speaks is a valuable asset for their future as well as an integral part of their identity and intangible cultural heritage.
-Paul Frank, Executive Director of SIL LEAD
(January 2013) One of SIL’s newest partners, SIL LEAD, has announced the launch of its website. SIL-LEAD.org provides a well-designed introduction to the organization’s work and to issues of language, education and development.
Founded in 2011, SIL LEAD is an independent organization that works in partnership with SIL and other NGOs and government agencies. SIL LEAD brings together people and institutions around shared goals for internationally funded projects.
Visitors to the new site can explore the impact of language development on a variety of important issues such as education for girls, school dropout rates, HIV/AIDS prevention and equitable access to health information. The site also includes a blog featuring reports from SIL LEAD staff on their involvement with communities around the world. Those interested in updates on SIL LEAD’s projects have the opportunity to subscribe to the organization’s newsletter. | <urn:uuid:a10f6ea9-3f68-44df-ac6c-f3eaa0113d76> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sil.org/about/news/sil-partner-launches-new-website | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00497-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952761 | 334 | 2.1875 | 2 |
2021 GA Session: Conference Budget ReportLeave a Comment
The 2021 General Assembly is coming to a close with good news for children and families. While the last year has produced tremendous disruptions and up and downs for families, the revenue picture in Virginia is in better shape than expected and lawmakers were able to restore many initiatives that were unallocated last year and identify new ways to repair systems to provide a more equitable foundation.
Our issue specific blog posts will include more details on the full budget package next week. Below are some of the highlights state legislators are proposing to go above and beyond the Governor’s introduced budget. Most changes included below would go into effect July 1, 2021.
Health Care Access and Prenatal Care:
- Providing health care coverage prenatally for pregnant women who are immigrants. Funding is included in the budget to direct Virginia to provide Medicaid/FAMIS coverage for low-income pregnant women who are immigrants. Currently, this population only receives coverage for the birth and delivery, not comprehensive prenatal coverage.
- Funding and training for doula care for eligible pregnant women.
- Language directing the state to begin exploring the costs and benefits of providing health care coverage for all immigrant children.
- Directing the state to develop a plan for a Medicaid benefit for home visiting.
Children’s Mental Health:
- Restoring $1.6 million to expand the Behavioral Health Loan Repayment Program. This initiative is critical to incentivize more clinicians to enter the field and to diversify the workforce.
- Language directing DOE to begin implementing the Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation Program and report on additional legislative or regulatory changes needed.
Pre-K–12 Education and Education Equity:
- Increasing the Virginia Preschool Initiative (VPI) per pupil amount to $7,655 as introduced in the Governor’s budget to reflect per pupil costs for high quality instruction. VPI has historically underfunded the cost to provide high quality early education for disadvantaged students.
- Including $49 million to hire additional student support staff such as social workers, nurses and psychologists and funding in the introduced budget for additional school counselors.
Family Economic Security:
- Increasing the TANF Standards of Assistance by 10%, including both eligibility and cash assistance payments.
- Including $2.1 million TANF funded Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) so that TANF-eligible individuals may save funds in an individual development account established for the purposes of home purchase, education, starting a business, transportation, or other needs.
- Including an additional $2 million for the Virginia Food Access Investment Program. This program will decrease food deserts in rural and urban communities through retail investments.
- $6.9 million in funding for paid sick leave for personal care attendants. We are disappointed that a larger population was not considered but recognize this as a first step in ensuring frontline workers have access to paid time off.
- Restoring $143,000 to implement the ACEs Interface training initiative. This also supports a full-time Central Office position to provide oversight over 100 ACE Interface Master Trainers and facilitate additional training.
- Extended payments for those aging out of Fostering Futures. Adds language to extend payments to children aging out of the Fostering Futures program through September 2021.
- Casework Salary Increases Restores $2.2 million for local social services departments’ (LDSS) to increase minimum salary levels for LDSS family services by 20 percent.
- Created State-Funded Kinship Guardianship Assistance program to facilitate child placements with relatives, including fictive kin, and ensure permanency for children. The bill sets forth eligibility criteria for the program, payment allowances to kinship guardians, and requirements for kinship guardianship assistance agreements.
For more updates on budget and the 2021 General Assembly session results, subscribe to our policy emails. | <urn:uuid:0cfa3e02-75e8-4d43-acd3-d967e2100a07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vakids.org/our-news/blog/tag/virginia-legislation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932891 | 806 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Ursuline Preparatory School
The Ursuline Preparatory School is an independent, co-educational Catholic day school which accepts children from 3 to 11 years of age. It is a charitable organisation, non-profit making, which is managed by an independent board of voluntary trustees. Through this community-led website, we would like to introduce you to life at the Ursuline Preparatory School.
"All pupils make excellent progress...They develop high standards of literacy and numeracy as they move through the school. The pupils' results in national tests at ages seven and eleven are excellent." Independent School Inspectorate 2010. | <urn:uuid:f95a89d8-f0e9-4794-9a45-62c2d02ed2a5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ursulineprepwarley.co.uk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00165-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948375 | 128 | 1.507813 | 2 |
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology
Coordinating, Developing, and Delivering Highway Transportation Innovations
|This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information|
|Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-12-031 Date: August 2012|
Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-12-031
Date: August 2012
PDF files can be viewed with the Acrobat® Reader®
As the LTPP database contains limited data on modulus values and index properties of stabilized materials, the only prediction model that can be developed for modulus prediction is that for LCB materials, which is included in this section.
The model developed can be expressed as follows:
Figure 97. Equation. Prediction model 17 for ELCB.
ELCB = Elastic modulus of the LCB layer. f'c, 28d = 28-day compressive strength of the LCB material.
The predicted versus measured and the residual errors plots for this relationship are presented in figure 98 and figure 99, respectively. The model has an R2 value of 41.24 percent, an RMSE of 541,600 psi, and uses 11 data points. The compressive strength values range from 770 to 2,800 psi with an average value of 1,400 psi.
Figure 98. Graph. Predicted versus measured for the LCB elastic modulus model.
Figure 99. Graph. Residual errors for the LCB elastic modulus model. | <urn:uuid:a48db99b-f426-436d-8d4a-ddc0cc428a3f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastructure/pavements/ltpp/12031/009.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00019-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.851824 | 337 | 2 | 2 |
Despite not being available to the public any time soon, Google Glass has already raised quite a bit of a stir. But, not all of the stories have been good.
While plenty of testers or “Google Glass Explorers” have used the technology to engage with the world around them in a new way, there have been concerns about the safety of wearing Glass while driving or doing other activities. There have also been reports of those wearing Google Glass getting into confrontations with others for various reasons surrounding the technology.
Now, Google has released an official list of do’s and don’t’s for Google Glass to help mitigate the more negative stories that keep popping up. If you’re one of the lucky few getting to test drive Google Glass before its public release, you might consider heeding the guidelines they shared for the best experience possible.
The Google Glass Do’s:
- Explore the world around you. Glass puts you more in control of your technology and frees you to look up and engage with the world around you rather than look down and be distracted from it. Have a hangout with your friends, get walking directions to a fantastic new restaurant, or get an update on that delayed flight.
- Take advantage of the Glass voice commands. Glass can free your hands up to do other things like golfing, cooking, or juggling flaming torches while balancing on a beach ball (but also see Don’ts #2). This is great for looking up how many ounces in a cup while you cook, or taking a one-of-a-kind photo from your unique perspective.
- Ask for permission. Standing alone in the corner of a room staring at people while recording them through Glass is not going to win you any friends (see Don’ts #4). The Glass camera function is no different from a cell phone so behave as you would with your phone and ask permission before taking photos or videos of others.
- Use screen lock. Glass screen lock works like your smartphone’s screen lock: it passcode-protects your device to help prevent others from using it. If you ever lose your device or have it stolen by a budding online resale entrepreneur, you can turn off Glassware and perform a remote wipe (e.g. factory reset) of the device, removing all your information from the device. All you need to do is go to your MyGlass page on your browser, or the MyGlass App on your phone.
- Be an active and vocal member of the Glass Explorer Community. The Explorer Program was created in order to have a place where our Explorers can give feedback, share content and communicate with the Glass team. It’s been hugely successful over the past year and this is due to our wonderful group of Explorers. They are constantly sharing their worlds with us and with each other, allowing us to hear and work on all the great feedback and stories our Explorers give us (and, wow, do they give us a lot!).
The Google Glass Don’t’s:
- Glass-out. Glass was built for short bursts of information and interactions that allow you to quickly get back to doing the other things you love. If you find yourself staring off into the prism for long periods of time you’re probably looking pretty weird to the people around you. So don’t read War and Peace on Glass. Things like that are better done on bigger screens.
- Rock Glass while doing high-impact sports. Glass is a piece of technology, so use common sense. Water skiing, bull riding or cage fighting with Glass are probably not good ideas.
- Wear it and expect to be ignored. Let’s face it, you’re gonna get some questions. Be patient and explain that Glass has a lot of the same features as a mobile phone (camera, maps, email, etc.). Also, develop your own etiquette. If you’re worried about someone interrupting that romantic dinner at a nice restaurant with a question about Glass, just take it off and put it around the back of your neck or in your bag.
- Be creepy or rude (aka, a “Glasshole”). Respect others and if they have questions about Glass don’t get snappy. Be polite and explain what Glass does and remember, a quick demo can go a long way. In places where cell phone cameras aren’t allowed, the same rules will apply to Glass. If you’re asked to turn your phone off, turn Glass off as well. Breaking the rules or being rude will not get businesses excited about Glass and will ruin it for other Explorers. | <urn:uuid:72f41d88-df8f-482c-a2a6-4f9dcdda5a5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tulsamarketingonline.com/tag/cool/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.940191 | 963 | 2 | 2 |
Hodgdon Bros Yachts
began building wooden schooners in the 19th century and has the longest family history of boat builders in the USA. The Hodgdon family have launched over 400 vessels into the Damariscotta River from East Boothbay, Maine for nearly 200 years. Caleb Hodgdon started it all with the launching of a 42' pinky schooner for the local fishing fleet in 1816. At the time, Hodgdon’s primary business was a sawmill and gristmill. Between 1850 and 1895 the yard and the mill prospered, and in addition, 24 schooners (all commercial vessels) were launched. Caleb oversaw the operation until 1870, when his sons, C. George and James P. Hodgdon took over. During the 20th century, the fourth and fifth generations joined the business. During the Korean War, Hodgdon Bros built twelve 144' Patrol boats. In the middle of this production in 1954, disaster struck and a fire destroyed most of the yard's buildings and records. Sonny Hodgdon rebuilt the sheds, won a contract to build Bill Tripp Sr.'s first boat. He went on to secure two contracts from Sparkman & Stevens and built 24 small boats of his own design between 1956 and 1960. In 1979, Timothy Hodgdon joined the family business and adopted construction methods that transformed the company. Today, the company includes six divisions: Hodgdon Yachts, Hodgdon Custom Tenders, Hodgdon Interiors, Hodgdon Yacht Services and Hodgdon Defense Composites. Hodgdon is now known worldwide, with locations in Maine, Rhode Island and Monaco. | <urn:uuid:bbaacc53-9ea8-494e-b38f-f5e429dd85ee> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.yachts.com/builders/motor-yachts/Hodgdon-Bros-Yachts.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00384-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961584 | 334 | 1.742188 | 2 |
(b. 25 Sept. 1906, d. 8 June 1990).
President of Costa Rica 1953–8, 1970–4 Active in Costa Rican politics as a member of the social democrat Partido de Liberación Nacional (PLN, Party of National Liberation), he led a civilian uprising in 1948 against the incumbent government's attempt to annul the election of the PLN's candidate for the presidency. He remained in power for the following months and introduced structural reforms to weaken the country's powerful institutions, abolishing the army and nationalizing the banks. In addition, he carried out welfare and educational reforms, and introduced universal suffrage. His efforts to strengthen democracy climaxed in the 1949 constitution, which has been the basis of the country's political stability ever since. After stepping down from the leadership of his country in 1949, he was twice elected President. In his two periods in office, Figueres continued in his efforts to enhance the country's democratic traditions. His son served as President between 1994 and 1998. | <urn:uuid:2bb171fc-f443-42a6-8bd9-77ac3e083927> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095817469 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00558-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968142 | 207 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Established in 1993, American Hiking Society’s National Trails Day® (NTD) is an annual celebration of America’s magnificent trail systems that occurs on the first Saturday in June. NTD features a series of outdoor activities, designed to promote and recognize the importance of trails in the United States. Individuals, clubs, and organizations from around the country host National Trails Day® events to share their love of trails with friends, family, and their communities. NTD introduces thousands of Americans to a wide array of trail activities: hiking, biking, paddling, horseback riding, trail running, and bird watching and more.
In Connecticut, the Connecticut Forest & Park Association (CFPA) serves as the coordinator of Connecticut Trails Weekend, the largest NTD celebration in the nation. Event leaders register their events with CFPA, and CFPA registers the Connecticut celebration with the American Hiking Society. This unique national, statewide, and community collaboration, provides towns, parks, land trusts, nature centers, historic attractions, and others with the opportunity to share their trails and knowledge with thousands of people.
Why Celebrate Trails? America’s 200,000 miles of trails allow citizens to access the natural world for recreation, education, exploration, solitude, inspiration, and much more. Trails give us a means to support good physical and mental health; they provide us with a chance to breathe fresh air, get our hearts pumping, and escape from our stresses. All it takes is a willingness to use them!
National Trails Day® also aims to highlight the important work thousands of volunteers do each year to take care of America’s trails. Trails do not just magically appear for our enjoyment; their construction and maintenance takes hours of dedicated planning and labor. So give thanks to your local volunteers and consider taking a day to give back to your favorite trail.
REGISTER BELOW.......** REQUIRED TO HIKE WITH US THIS WEEKEND...... | <urn:uuid:3d666b70-8d18-4356-a724-0b07db1ef77a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://petersrockassociation.org/events | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.927309 | 428 | 2.625 | 3 |
So you want to watch UK television but you live outside the UK?
With just a little effort you can easily bypass the rather silly anti-European attitude that Sky, the BBC, C4 and other EC broadcasting cartel members suffer from and you'll soon be enjoying the delights (if that's the word <grin>) of UK TV on the continent.
If after reading this little guide you still don't have the slightest idea what it all means then you can post a message in alt.satellite.tv.europe where you should find some more help. You can post there too if you found this guide informative, incorrect, incomplete or just plain inane. I shall appreciate it either way and it will help me when I revise this page. If you find the whole subject of satellite absolutely fascinating and you want to learn a lot more about it then you will find plenty of web sites that deal with the topic. I can recommend the Satcure site for starters. See below for links.
There is a lot to read on this page so, to save time and money, you can go off line to read it or save it on your hard drive.
FTV cards are no longer being issued and the BBC channels no longer require a card or Sky digibox to be viewed. See below. Currently ITV, C5 and C5 still require a card.
Sky are in the process of reissuing all viewing cards. This should be completed by mid-2003. Be aware that if you have a used digibox that was sold to you with a used card for the FTV channels then this card will not be automatically replaced and may soon stop working. For this reason you should never pay extra for any digibox that comes with an existing card.
When your replacement card is received just remove the old card and insert the replacement one. The replacement card will activate itself without any phone call being necessary.
Your foreign TV equipment.
All satellite receivers are equipped with scart sockets these days. Your foreign TV probably has them as well unless it came out of the Ark. Use just these special sockets and cables to interconnect your satellite receiver, TV and VCR and it will all work just fine as long as your TV and VCR can handle the PAL standard. Only old French equipment is unlikely to handle this. If you're an expatriate Brit (or an ex-patriot as they are sometimes amusingly miss-spelt) then you can also use your old UK TV and VCR though you probably won't be able to receive local TV with them (you may consider this to be an advantage).
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Analogue or Digital?
Sky Digital is fairly new (launched October 1, 1998) but take-up has been so good that Sky have stopped the analogue service already.
Sky digital and Sky analogue are broadcast from two different satellites and each requires a totally different type of receiver. Dishes are compatible with both systems but older LNBs (pre-1997) may not be suitable for digital.
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What can I receive?
You will need to check out whether you will be able to receive the programs that you wish from where you live with the dish size that you have. You will find the all the Astra 2 beams (and those of other satellites) on the Lyngsat site. It is important to check that you can receive all the beams you need at your location, especially for digital (some Spanish, Greek and Italian residents may have problems with some channels in this respect though the signal is generally strong enough throughout central and northern Europe). The new Astra 2D satellite has a tighter footprint that is significantly weaker outside of the UK, Benelux and France and this may prevent some people from receiving channels that use this satellite, like ITV and the BBC who have recently moved to this satellite. Read about specific 2D issues on http://www.astra2d.cjb.net/.
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Only "Sky" digiboxes can receive encrypted Sky Digital transmissions, which currently include the digital services from ITV, C4 and C5. No other type of digibox will do so nor is there any at the moment any type of decoder module that can be fitted to other digital receivers to enable this. Although it is technically simple it is strongly resisted by Sky for commercial reasons. The BBC does also transmit on the Sky Digital platform but since July 10 2003 their services are FreeToAir, which means that any digital satellite receiver can receive them.
Sky Digiboxes are currently manufactured by Pace, Amstrad, Panasonic and Thomson. Sony and Grundig also used to make Sky digiboxes. There may be other manufacturers in the future. Currently all Sky Digiboxes are built to similar specifications and offer the same features though this may change in the future. Minor exceptions include the optical audio output on Sonys and the S-Video (S-VHS) output on some Grundig models. The only major difference that is evident between brands is the speed of the on-screen graphics display. For this Panasonic is the unquestioned leader. Residents of very far-flung areas of Europe (like southern Portugal and Spain and in Scandinavia) may also do better with a Panasonic model 30, Sony model 750 and Grundig model 310/2 than with the other brands as the tuners on these are a more sensitive model.
After-sales service policy varies greatly from brand to brand and Pace, Panasonic and Grundig seem to offer the cheapest replacement service for faulty boxes. Amstrad apparently offer no service of their own though Satcure and others can fix the most common Amstrad model 100 tuner fault for around £50.
I suppose that you can only choose the brand that you like the look of and have the most faith in.
Your UK based friend will need to buy a Sky Digibox and get a card. Sky despatch the cards separately by post once you have sent them a subscription form. You can get a subscription form sent to a UK address by calling 08702 404040 from within the UK. Subscription prices vary currently from £12 a month for a very minimal set of channels through £16 for a wide choice of general channels to £37 for all films and sport. Check out Sky's website for details. The other big advantage of Sky Digital is that it carries BBC1, BBC2, ITV, C4 and C5. There is no requirement to subscribe to Sky to buy a digibox or to receive the BBC though at the time of writing there is no way for new viewers to receive ITV, C4 and C5 without a subscription, even though these channels are free.
UK purchasers of a Sky Digital receiver can benefit from a one time only subsidy that reduces the cost of a new box to nearly nothing.
One of the conditions of the subsidy is that you keep the box connected to a UK phone line for a year. If you're intending to use the box abroad then you won't be able to fulfil this condition so you will have to pay the full price. Full-price boxes are sold for between £200 and £300.
Don't be tempted to cheat by using a subsidised box abroad as Sky will check the phone line and if yours isn't connected then you may be switched off pending a wrist smacking and repayment of the subsidies. Those who are keen to save the most money and are in no hurry to use their box outside the UK will take the full subsidy and installation and keep the digibox installed in the UK for the minimum 12-month period. After this time it can be permanently disconnected from the phone and, of course, removed to anywhere you wish. This is the best deal you will find.
You do not need to take out a Sky subscription at the time of buying the digibox if you don't want to (see BBC channels below).
A special small (35cm) dish and LNB may be included in the full price of the digibox and Sky consider this to be adequate in many parts of the UK. You should think about using a larger (up to 1.2m or more, depending on your location) dish to ensure good reception in poor weather.
Installation of unsubsidised boxes by a registered dealer is now no longer obligatory and you should have no trouble finding new digiboxes for sale at specialised satellite shops and by mail order. In theory chain stores like Dixons and even Sky themselves will sell a full priced box over the counter without installation. You may have trouble trying to actually do it through them though.
Remember that dealers aren't supposed to sell receivers for use outside the UK though they are usually helpful.
Another option is to buy a used digibox. Prices are obviously variable but this market is very lively with boxes changing hands for anything from £20 to £200. Places to look are Loot, online auction sites and local car boot sales etc. See below for links. Don't pay extra for a viewing card as these are not transferable and if a new one is issued you will not automatically get a replacement. Beware of online fraudsters.
The subsidies/contracts are not transferable so any second-hand box can be used without the phone connection. Sky/BIB however will not know that a subsidised box has been sold if it is still within the first year and so they may switch it off pending investigation though there have been no reports of this actually happening. Be sure to get a full receipt for any used box purchased and preferably try to get a copy of the original proof of purchase as stolen boxes are traceable in theory.
Sky will definitely issue cards for second-hand and/or full price boxes though the telephone staff (and their billing software) aren't at all accustomed to it. Persevere and ye shall succeed. (Be warned, it may take you months to get a contract out of them though usually there is no delay.) There are no extra charges or requirements other than the regular monthly payment and the 12 month minimum subscription period.
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Aligning the dish onto Astra 2 at 28° East will be more difficult than aligning a regular analogue receiver and dish as the digibox has some fairly powerful error correction circuitry which may make you think you have a good signal when in fact you haven't. You should use an alignment meter for this job, which is anyway probably best left to someone who knows exactly what he's doing.
Once the digibox is set up you should be able to see Sky News (ignore the "please insert your card" message and just tap in 501, or use the TV Guide button) and some other channels like QVC without inserting the card. You should also be able to see the BBC channels on 101, 102, 115, 116 and 508.With the card in (assuming that your box/card is already authorised) then you should be able to see all the channels that you are paying for. If the card is not yet authorised then you will be able to see channel 998 if the card is valid and this is a good test.
If your card hasn't been previously authorised then you need to follow this procedure:
Line up the dish and ensure that signal quality is as high as possible. Signal strength is less important. Pay special attention to the LNB skew. Check the quality from the services menu: push "services - 4 -6". You should be getting at least 50% gray in the second bar. Once a good signal is being received do a software reload by unplugging the box from the mains and then plugging it back in whilst holding in the "back up" button on the fascia for about 15 seconds until a message about reloading software appears on the TV screen and all the lights on the front of the digibox go on (very pretty). You will not see the message unless you are using a scart connection. Then release the button. Wait until this procedure is finished (about 10 minutes) at which time the box will reset itself and then restart the box by pushing the blue Sky button on the remote.
Put the box on Sky News (501) and leave the thing alone. Get your UK contact to ring Sky on 08702 404040 and ask for the card to be switched on. You will need to give your name, UK address, your subscriber number and the box serial and version numbers and the card number. These last can be found in the digibox services menu: push "services - 4 - 5".
Over the next few hours you can try tapping in "106" from time to time. Do not attempt to change channels using the channel up/down function. Do nothing else at all to the box. Once the card is activated the box will switch to Sky One when you tap in "106". Until then it will just say "channel unavailable".
The signal is usually sent quite quickly and most channels will decode within a few minutes though this can stretch to hours or days on occasions.
If your box and card are unused for some time (several weeks) you may find that your card has "forgotten" its authorisation when you switch it back on. Don't worry. Leave the box on Sky News for a few hours and the card should wake up all on its own.
Is it all working?
Well done, you've finished!
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There is one other option available to you. The BBC now broadcast without encryption and so their channels can be received using any DVB compliant digital satellite receiver. See your local dealer for recommendations and dish sizes. ITV, and C5 used to be receivable with a Sky Digibox and a free "FTV" card as issued for several years by the BBC. At the time of writing these FTV cards are no longer being issued and if you don't already have one then you will need to subscribe to Sky in order to watch these channels. If you have a Sky Digital viewing card with a blue cloud/sky design and the words "Sky Digital" on the front then this will probably serve to decode the FTV channels for some time. If you have a viewing card with a very dark blue front and a yellow "house" design then this will probably decode the FTV channels for several years. It is quite likely that some replacement scheme for FTV cards will be introduced in the future. Or maybe the remaining FTV channels will also go FTA.
The BBC TVservice is intended for use by those in the UK who have already paid their UK TV licence fee. If you don't have a UK TV licence yourself you should get your friend to buy another one in your name. It's only about £2 a week and I expect that you'll consider it a good deal compared to whatever foreign trash you're receiving in Europe in return for the licence fee that you're paying there.
Buying a UK TV license will help the BBC to carry on producing the programmes that you obviously think are worth viewing as you're going to all this trouble to do so. So buy one - it's only fair.
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Radio and other channels.
All national UK radio channels are all available FTA on Sky Digital. Commercial national radio services are also available FTA, except for TalkSport, which is available on subscription to SkyDigital. Other radio services are also available - for a complete list of all channels see the Sky Digital FAQ.
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What's the Sky Digital phone connection for?
When you buy a Sky digibox you have the option of accepting a subsidy. Why?
Sky offer some 'interactive' services such as home banking and shopping. In order for this to work at all your digibox must be connected to a telephone to allow you to 'interact' with the service that you are interested in. To be sure of having a reasonable number of potential users of this service Sky decided to subsidise the purchase cost of the digibox as long as you agree to the digibox being connected to your phone for 12 months.
To help you stick to your part of the bargain Sky require that your digibox be fitted by a specially authorised installer. This install costs from £1 to £120 depending on who does it and on which subscription package you take. After installation Sky will periodically get your digibox to dial out to a number that is currently free to check that the box is still connected to the phone. In addition the digital contract states that if your digibox is connected to the phone then Sky may use it to transmit "information" back to them. This information is to do with Pay Per View (PPV) programming and possibly other things.
The important thing to remember is that the phone connection is entirely optional as long as you don't take the box subsidy. If you take the subsidy the connection is obligatory for one year. All of the current Sky TV service (PPV, Movie Channels, Box Office etc.) is available to those who don't wish to have the phone connection to the digibox. Everyone can receive all channels and all programmes without a phone connection by using a regular telephone to order these PPV programmes in the usual way. If you do not wish to order extra PPV programmes then you do not need to have a telephone at all to receive the Sky service.
The interactive services also work without the phone connection to a certain extent. None of the shopping features are useable without it though.
Back to the top.
What's the penalty if I get caught?
You should be aware that for having dared to do the above both you and your
UK friend may get a visit during the night from members of the Sky management
team equipped with baseball bats.
In fact this won't happen though some people seem to think that it ought to. Why, I don't know as viewing Sky TV in Europe with a fully paid up subscription is hurting no one, least of all Sky.
The legal situation appears to be this:
There are no restrictions at all on the export or use of a Sky digibox outside the UK.
When you or anyone else fills in the Sky Digital subscription form you undertake to comply with the following conditions (amongst myriad others):
(c) Only you may use the Viewing Card that SSSL sends you. You can only use the Viewing Card at your Address with the Digibox in which it is first used to receive the Service and you must only use it for private viewing purposes.
(b) This Contract only applies if you live in the United Kingdom.
Whilst I am not a lawyer (thankfully <grin>) I take this to mean that
by passing on the card to someone else for him to use or by using it (as
opposed to merely having it which does not appear to breach the contract)
elsewhere than at the address specified in the contract you are breaking the
terms of the contract. This is not a criminal offence and the contract goes on
to say that a breach of the contract will merely result in its cancellation.
It has been suggested on Usenet that anyone who deliberately and incorrectly fills in the subscription form knowing that the card will be used in breach of the contract may be guilty of obtaining a service by deception which is a criminal offence in the UK. You should bear this in mind, especially if you get a friend to subscribe for you.
Given that it is absolutely impossible to know where or when a card is being used (assuming that there is no phone connection and that you are not stupid enough to tell Sky where you are) then you can calculate for yourself the probability of any of this ever being found out.
Just in case you're worried, a large number of Sky subscribers live abroad
anyway. You probably know a few of them yourself.
After all, do you think that Sky are likely to want to lose this source of revenue? I don't. You can all sleep soundly.
I do. <grin>
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******One important point to remember:******
NEVER PHONE SKY FROM ABROAD UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES.
I can't emphasise this too much. If you want to contact Sky (because your card doesn't work or to buy a PPV programme or whatever) then you should give your friend in the UK a call and get him to do it for you. This is totally reliable and safe. You may be able to side-step this by using a UK registered mobile from abroad or by using a call-back service or other third party operator or a 3-way call originating from the UK but then again, maybe not. If you call Sky direct on a landline they will know that you are calling from abroad and they may switch off the card and box that you have gone to so much trouble to get. The choice is yours. I know what I'd do.
This page is not intended in any way to help or assist people to receive any channel without paying for it. Nor is it intended to encourage people to do anything at all that might be illegal. It is intended to explain to people that have already decided to do so how to subscribe to the channels that they wish to see regardless of where they live. This is their moral right (under the articles of the Treaty of Rome) and their legal right (under EC rules which were subsequently illegally modified, amended and then ignored).
Back to the top.
And two more things:
If you feel at all strongly about the impossibility of straightforwardly subscribing to the channels that you wish to see then complain to your UK MP and/or MEP. It's about time that he did something for you instead of just filling his pockets with tax-free groceries, isn't it?
A message to all EU broadcasters, including Sky and the remaining FTV UK broadcasters, and to all EU bureaucrats: Get your act together and apply the principles of freedom of movement of goods and services throughout EC member states as you should be doing. Your lack of integrity in this matter is sickening.
You can find much technical and other interesting information on the Satcure site.
You can find digiboxes for sale in Loot and also at the various online auction site like Ebay, Yahoo, etc.
See the Lyngsat page for details of channels available on all satellites and information about footprints.
See specific discussion of the Astra 2D bird and the BBC channels on http://www.astra2d.cjb.net/.
Read the Sky Digital FAQ
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No frames, banners, scripts, applets, ads, jpgs, animated images or plug-ins were harmed in the making of this webpage.
This page is best viewed on any browser you happen to like.
My thanks to the servers hosting these pages. They are in no way aware of or responsible for the content.
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V 2.0 13/07/03 Updated in relation to the BBC going FTA.
V 1.91 29/09/02 Replacement card info added
V1.9 31/03/02 General updates.
V 1.8 6/10/01 General updates
V 1.7 7/04/01 A few minor changes made to links etc.
V 1.6 12/01/01 Installation details improved. Links section added.
V 1.5 11/11/00 Updated. Analogue info deleted. Prices amended.
V 1.41 27/11/99 Radio details modified.
V 1.40 18/10/99 Updated. New prices and radio details included.
V 1.30 03/06/99 Updated. New prices/subsidies/installation details included.
V 1.21 22/5/99 Updated. Condensed to one page.
V 1.20 8/5/99 Updated with new Sky digital prices/info.
V 1.12 11/3/99 Added phone connection page.
V 1.10 4/2/99 Modified to take account of legal opinion offered on Usenet.
V 1.05 15/12/98 Much more information added.
V 1.00 1/12/98 Initial version created. Site under development.
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Study for Portrait of Linda Nochlin and Richard Pommer
Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art
Graphite on paper
frame (approx.): 20 × 24 × 1 1/2 in. (50.8 × 61 × 3.8 cm) (show scale)
This item is not on view
Gift of the Estate of Linda Nochlin Pommer
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Philip Pearlstein (American, born 1924). Study for Portrait of Linda Nochlin and Richard Pommer, 1968. Graphite on paper, frame (approx.): 20 × 24 × 1 1/2 in. (50.8 × 61 × 3.8 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Gift of the Estate of Linda Nochlin Pommer, 2018.20.1. © artist or artist's estate (Photo: , CUR.2018.20.1.jpg)
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The Right Coast
February 18, 2004
Speaking of SUVs
By Tom Smith
A loyal reader has pointed out to me this utterly tendentious and misinformative article about SUVs in a recent New Yorker.
Besides its stupid attacks on women who wear hiking boots at the mall--maybe because they're comfortable and at under $100 relatively inexpensive and look cool-- Mr. Gladwell completely misrepresents the facts about SUV safety. And if Gladwell knew anything about women he would know they almost always have a good reason for wearing what they are wearing on their feet.
Here's the bad news. The safest vehicle on the road is the largest SUV you can get your hands on. Gladwell has two academics who have put together numbers showing SUVs are much more dangerous. I think I'll rely instead on the Insurance Institute of Highway Safety, which is funded by the industry that makes more money the fewer claims they have to pay.
Just a little quote for you:
Vehicle size and weight are important characteristics that influence crashworthiness. The laws of physics dictate that, all else being equal, larger and heavier vehicles are safer than smaller and lighter ones. In relation to their numbers on the road, small cars have more than twice as many occupant deaths each year as large cars.
Size and weight are closely related. Large vehicles typically are heavy, and small ones are light. But these two characteristics don't influence crashworthiness the same way. Vehicle size can protect you in both single- and two-vehicle collisions because larger vehicles usually have longer crush zones, which help prevent damage to the safety cage and lower the crash forces inside it.
All else being equal, you're safer traveling in a passenger vehicle that's larger and heavier than in one that's smaller and lighter. Vehicle weight protects you principally in two-vehicle crashes. In a head-on crash, for example, the heavier vehicle drives the lighter one backwards, which decreases forces inside the heavy vehicle and increases forces in the lighter one. All heavy vehicles, even poorly designed ones, offer this advantage in two-vehicle collisions but may not offer good protection in single-vehicle crashes.
Look at the bar graph and see how well large SUVs do compared to even the largest cars, let alone small cars. Then take a look at Gladwell's implication that you're safer in a small, well designed car like the Porsche Boxster. Utter rubbish. Here's what small cars look like after hit by big cars. Here's a brochure produced by the manufacturers on SUV safety, but it looks pretty well documented, and it has pretty graphs.
And yes, I concede pickups are dangerous to themselves and others. My dream of a gigantic crew cab with a camper on back for remote desert camping trips may have to go unrealized. Suburban with a trailier maybe. I'll keep you posted. | <urn:uuid:4118dc32-3b33-4f45-8781-6c7d0d88446c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://therightcoast.blogspot.com/2004/02/speaking-of-suvs-by-tom-smith-loyal.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00474-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96905 | 589 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Learning Exercise: The Vikings: North Atlantic exploration and settlement
Part II Each group will be responsible for reviewing the archeological, primary source materials (sagas) and historical information contained within this site as assigned. Upon reviewing the material and conferring about how best to discuss the material, each group will present their material to the class.For online scenarios, this material can be presented via PowerPoint or other presentation software in the Student Presentations forums within their course modules.
Part III Group One: Homelands and Western Isles;
Group Two: Iceland and Greenland;
Group Three: Markland, Helluland, and Vinland;
Part IV The instructor will provide a brief overview of popular depictions, mythology and legends about the Vikings. This material will contrast with the real Vikings that the learners will discover.
Part V Each group should consider the following general questions and provide the source (type of evidence) for your conclusions:
a) What was the particular significance of the region to the Vikings?
b) How did Vikings adapt their lifeways to the land and climate?
c) What particular skills and craftmenship enabled the Vikings to adapt to new lands?
d) What evidence exists about Viking contact with other peoples?
e) Do Vikings still inhabit these realms? if not, why not?
f) Was there any particular evidence that historians or archeologists found in their work or that your group found particularly intrigueing in this study of the Vikings?
- College General Ed
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Posted 4 years ago on Aug. 28, 2017, 8:42 a.m. EST by flip
This content is user submitted and not an official statement
lots of back and forth about money and debt and "the money masters." seems to me there a fundamental misunderstanding of money and its uses. this is one of the big questions of our time since we are constantly told by our "rulers" that we don't have the money to pay people well etc. so i am going to put up a few points by others who explain things well - i hope!
first is Alan Watts - - on the fundamental confusion between money and wealth: Remember the Great Depression of the Thirties? One day there was a flourishing consumer economy, with everyone on the up-and-up; and the next, unemployment, poverty, and bread lines. What happened? The physical resources of the country -- the brain, brawn, and raw materials -- were in no way depleted, but there was a sudden absence of money, a so-called financial slump. Complex reasons for this kind of disaster can be elaborated at length by experts on banking and high finance who cannot see the forest for the trees. But it was just as if someone had come to work on building a house and, on the morning of the Depression, the boss had said, "Sorry, baby, but we can't build today. No inches." "Whaddya mean, no inches? We got wood. We got metal. We even got tape measures." "Yeah, but you don't understand business. We been using too many inches and there's just no more to go around."
A few years later, people were saying that Germany couldn't possibly equip a vast army and wage a war, because it didn't have enough gold. What wasn't understood then, and still isn't really understood today, is that the reality of money is of the same type as the reality of centimeters, grams, hours, or lines of longitude. Money is a way of measuring wealth but is not wealth in itself. A chest of gold coins or a fat wallet of bills is of no use whatsoever to a wrecked sailor alone on a raft. He needs real wealth, in the form of a fishing rod, a compass, an outboard moter with gas, and a female companion.
Stephanie Kelton - “The government, when it issues its own currency, and goes into debt in that currency can always pay its debt, can never go broke, can never run out of money. It can afford anything that is for sale in that currency. It doesn’t need to borrow its own currency. And it can set its own interest rate. It does not have to pay what markets want. It does not become a victim to speculation, to bond vigilantes. It has additional policy space. It can do things for its economy and for its people that a government that does not have a sovereign currency cannot do.
(c. 12:18) “Think about what the hierarchy would look like under a gold standard. Many governments operated under gold or silver or both for some period of time in our world history. Under a gold standard, the government promises to convert its currency into gold. In that situation, what sits at the top of the pyramid is not the state’s currency, but the gold reserves. This means that the government must be careful about how much it spends. If it spends too much of its own currency, it can jeopardise the entire system because it may not be able to convert currency into gold as promised. You have to limit your spending and limit what you do with your policies. Governments operating under a gold standard do not have sovereign currency.
c. 17:12) “Abba Lerner was an economist, a contemporary of John Maynard Keynes. He saw this very clearly. He said: “‘By virtue of the power to create or destroy money by fiat and its power to take money away from people through taxation, [the State] is in a position to keep the rate of spending in the economy at the level required [for full employment].
Hudson - (c. 23:03) “I’m going to elaborate in a different direction from what Stephanie has said. I’m going to discuss the difference between central bank credit, or money, and commercial banks. Central banks create money, you can say. And commercial banks create credit. The last three years since September 2008 have seen the largest money creation and credit creation in history in the United States. And, yet, prices have not gone up at all. That is, consumer prices have not gone up since 1980. Wages in the United States have drifted downwards for 30 years. And consumer prices and commodity prices have been stable. But there has been an immense inflation; the largest bond market price increase in history has occurred, as interest rates have fallen from 20% to only one-quarter of 1% today. What has gone up is the price of real estate, the price of bonds, the price of stocks. So, the result is that the value of wealth—and most wealth is held by the wealthiest1% of the population—wealth has gone way up relative to wages. The result is a new kind of class war, as I said last night. It’s not the typical kind of class war between employers and employees. It’s a war of finance against the economy.
“So, when we talk about government money. We talk about government spending that is, indeed, to spur the economy, to spur economic growth, to spur new investments. The function of government investment and government central bank money creation is very different from the private banks. The government money is, indeed, debt, the lira that you have in your pocket are debt. Paper currency is debt. But it’s debt that nobody ever intends to be repaid because, if government currency is debt, than to repay it would mean that you would not have any currency left in the pocket.
(c. 30:00) “The commercial debt is expected to be repaid; and it bears interest. And, as this commercial debt has grown—the mortgages, the bank loans to companies, the corporate raiding debt—this has loaded down the economy with an enormous debt overhead. The more money commercial banks lend, the more interest has to be paid to carry this debt overhead. And the problem is that money that is spent on paying banks debt cannot be spent on goods and services. So, the result is that when commercial banks create debt, you have a diversion of income away from spending on goods and services—to pay debt service—and that is known as debt deflation. And when debt deflation proceeds as long as it has today, we move into a late stage of finance capitalism, which is the debt deflation stage—the austerity stage. And that’s the stage that Europe finds itself in today. | <urn:uuid:594706ce-2a32-4ded-a903-8a02f41ca865> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://occupywallst.org/forum/money-and-debt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.974518 | 1,435 | 2.125 | 2 |
Dietary Comparison of Two Hawaiian Monk Seal Populations: The Role of Diet as a Driver of Divergent Population Trends
Monk seals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and main Hawaiian Islands eat a similar diet, but seals in the main Hawaiian Islands may experience less competition for food. In addition, prey that may be more bountiful and better quality, allowing the main Hawaiian Islands population to increase while the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands population continues to decrease.
Divergent trends in population abundance of Endangered Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) are apparent between the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and the main Hawaiian Islands. The smaller, recently established main Hawaiian Islands seal population is increasing, exhibits higher juvenile survival, and seals appear to be in better condition overall relative to seals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Using traditional dietary analysis we characterize the diet of main Hawaiian Islands monk seals for the first time and examine the hypothesis that diet and prey availability may be driving these regional trends. Prey remains from feces and regurgitates (n = 120) were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and compared with results from Northwestern Hawaiian Islands historical data. The most common prey taxa, by percent frequency of occurrence, were Balistidae (48.3%), Crustacea (37.5%), Acanthuridae (32.5%), Muraenidae (30.8%), Serranidae (20.8%), Cephalopoda (18.3%), Holocentridae (17.5%), Labridae (16.7%), and Scaridae (10.8%). Results indicate that main Hawaiian Islands and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands seals eat similar diets; however, an incongruity in body conditions of seals between regions indicates a possible difference in intra- or inter-specific competition, prey availability, and quality. Further research assessing foraging behavior and habitat use would aid in identifying the regional differences observed.
Cahoon MK, Littnan CL , Longenecker K, Carpenter JR. Dietary Comparison of Two Hawaiian Monk Seal Populations: The Role of Diet as a Driver of Divergent Population Trends. Published in Endangered Species Research. | <urn:uuid:324dcb12-422f-4596-9f96-1156a4597021> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/resource/peer-reviewed-research/dietary-comparison-two-hawaiian-monk-seal-populations-role-diet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.902913 | 436 | 3.15625 | 3 |
1 Answer | Add Yours
Hamlet explains why he must kill King Claudius:
Doesn’t it, do you think, become my responsibility to kill
He that has killed my king, and whored my mother,
Pushed himself in between the election and my hope to be King, tried to kill me,
And with such knowledge, isn’t it perfect duty
To kill him with this arm? and isn’t it to be damned
To let this canker [King Claudius] of our nature do
No doubt, Hamlet has good reason to kill King Claudius and to prove his heroic deeds to the people. Sadly, Hamlet, the main character, has a tragic downfall due to his heroic deeds. Young Hamlet faces his death while heroically trying to avenge his father's death. Hamlet dies while trying to do the right thing. He tried to avenge not only his father's death but also his mother's death. While King Claudius is to blame for the deaths of Hamlet's parents, Hamlet does get his revenge. Hamlet kills King Claudius. The tragedy is that Hamlet who has been poisoned by Laertes sword is dying as he punishes King Claudius by death:
O, I’m dying, Horatio,
The potent poison quite conquers my soul.
I cannot live to hear the news from England,
But I do predict that the throne belongs
To Fortinbras. He has my dying vote,
Tell him so, with the news, more and less,
Which has been asked for. The rest is silence.
Even in death, Hamlet behaves as a respectful hero. He gives his vote to have Fortinbras take over his father's kingdom. Hamlet is a tragic hero. His life ends in a tragic scene. Hamlet too was a victim of King Claudius' murderous deeds. Nevertheless, Hamlet dies a hero's death, albeit a tragic one.
We’ve answered 317,516 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question | <urn:uuid:45f4f882-7407-44e8-a406-f050b271c4f3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-can-we-explain-hamlets-heroic-deeds-cause-his-429614 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719215.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00200-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967762 | 436 | 2.515625 | 3 |
What are the differences between Bamboo, Rattan, Cane, and Wicker?
I was out shopping for patio furniture and ran across a cool outdoor set that would look great in my back yard. At first glance I thought it was bamboo. On closer inspection the label read “Rattan”. To complicate matters further I saw the words “wicker” and “cane”. I always assumed that bamboo, rattan, cane, and wicker were all words for the same thing. When I got home I looked it up - I was wrong.
First, let’s get the word “wicker” out of the way. Wicker is the name of “the process” used to weave natural or synthetic materials into furniture. Natural materials include: reed, sea grass, rattan, cane, willow, and bamboo. Synthetic materials include resin and vinyl that look completely natural and handle the outdoor elements very well.
That’s it. It’s not a species of grass or wood it’s the name of “the process” of weaving materials into furniture, as well as the name of that particular style of furniture – "wicker furniture".
Next, Bamboo and Rattan
Although they can appear very similar bamboo and rattan are quite different. Here are just a few differences:
- Bamboo is from the grass family... Rattan is a type of palm tree from South East Asia.
- Some species of bamboo will grow to be HUGE such as bamboo timber... Rattan although extremely strong doesn’t get very big.
- Bamboo is hollow... Rattan has a solid core.
Bamboo is a hollow, giant grass. Some of the largest timber bamboo has been reported to grow over 98 feet (30m) tall with a diameter of 9-12 inches (25-30cm). Even though it’s classified as a grass, the timber is said to be harder than mahogany.
Larger applications of bamboo timber are houses, flooring, walls, and furniture to name a few.
Smaller diameter bamboo poles are used for a variety of things: plant stakes, fountains and other decorative items.
Rattan is a relative of the palm tree from South East Asia. Rattan vines are durable, flexible and have a solid core. Rattan grows like a tree but will bend back down to the earth and then travel underground instead like a vine. It’s one of the strongest woods in the world and has been used to build foot bridges in many countries. It is excellent for making smaller items like wicker furniture.
When making rattan furniture, the straight poles are usually bent to a desired shape by using steam and then hung to dry. Once dry, they will retain that shape always. Shaped poles and spindly vines are often the materials used in the process of weaving wicker furniture.
It has a fast rate of growth and is an easily renewable resource.
Cane is simply the outer bark or skin of the rattan vine. Because it is strong, it is commonly used for binding and therefore you will see many items using cane to tie the individual pieces together. Cane is also used as a beautiful finishing material as seen in the flat-wrapping of the peacock chair below.
Cane is less porous than other materials and will repel spills more readily - just wipe it down.
Wicker is a process using natural or synthetic materials to weave chairs, tables etc. and is also the name of that style of furniture – wicker furniture.
Bamboo is a grass and is hollow. The giant timber can grow to over 98 feet tall. It is harder than mahogany.
Rattan is a vine and has a solid center. It is one of the hardest woods in the world. It can be bent and woven. It never grows as thick as bamboo or as tall.
Cane is the outer bark of the rattan plant and used for tying pieces together and for wrappings such as finishing touches.
Finally, cane, rattan, and bamboo furniture are environmentally friendly and easily renewable resources. Purchasing or making your own bamboo or rattan wicker furniture reduces your carbon footprint.
And there you have it - bamboo, rattan, cane, and wicker - mystery solved.
Patio Set: Adobe Stock
Wicker Chair : Adobe Stock
Bamboo Timber: Flicker
Rattan Plant: Pinterest
Peacock Chair: Pinterest
Cane Wrapping: Pinterest
Bamboo Bedroom Furniture: Pinterest | <urn:uuid:59c88464-f9e4-412b-8ec6-8686e38211f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://verybamboo.com/category/furniture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.950007 | 987 | 2.71875 | 3 |
“We are very different, have different problems, clearly, but at the same time we are all humans and therefore we share a lot of similar problems and concerns globally.”
Taking the Mount to the United Nations
The Mount has a long-standing legacy of challenging barriers and working to provide access to education for everyone. After all, the Mount’s history is rooted in becoming the first degree-granting institution for women in the Commonwealth.
This tradition is still integral to the Mount’s core values, and Dr. Meredith Ralston, a member of the Department of Women’s Studies who is also cross-appointed with the Department of Political Studies, is one of the many on campus who work to continue this mission.
A professor at the Mount since 1993, Dr. Ralston represented the Mount at the United Nation’s Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China in 1995. The opportunity presented itself when the Mount was nominated to be the official Canadian focal point of the International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (a UN research organization). This led to her research into the status of women across Nova Scotia which was used to evaluate the proposed United Nations’ Platform for Action (a series of guidelines for assessing the human rights of women worldwide).
“As a teenager I always thought I’d work for the UN, or go into the diplomatic field, and I’ve always had an interest in studying global issues ,” says Dr. Ralston, who was able to spend time at the United Nations headquarters in New York as part of preparatory conferences prior to the World Conference in Beijing.
Sharing her Experience
During her work with the UN in Beijing, and with access to representatives from other countries, Dr. Ralston’s interest was turned towards the social justice issues surrounding prostitution both at home and abroad. This led to the development and release of her highly acclaimed documentary film, Hope in Heaven in 2007 which spends two years following the life of a Filipino bar girl and deals with sex tourism in the Philippines.
Dr. Ralston’s experiences during her time at the Mount have allowed her to bring a stronger global perspective, which she hopes to share with her students, “The concept of cosmopolitanism is very important,” says Dr. Ralston. “The Mount contributes to this for sure, trying to get our students to see themselves as part of the bigger picture – as being citizens of the world.” | <urn:uuid:b47a45d3-52cf-4150-97e4-56dcedcc3be5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.msvu.ca/building-on-a-legacy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.966273 | 520 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Improving engine performance not only increases power but also keeps the fuel consumption and efficiency constant. For this reason, many people are looking for the latest techniques that can effectively improve engine performance.
There are several ways to improve engine performance, such as adding special accessories, power chips, engine upgrades, diesel chips, and many more. You can know more about diesel engine tuning upgrades.
Image Source: Google
Here are some effective ways to improve engine performance:
1) Replace the existing computer chip: the control module (engine control module) is responsible for the maintenance of fuel, speed, and efficient engine operation. Therefore, you can replace this computer chip with a power chip such as a diesel chip, power chip, etc. which is offered by parts dealers for parts as a performance enhancement.
2) Try using light parts: depending on the part, engine power can vary widely. So if you replace all the existing heavy parts with lighter parts, the engine output will increase.
3) Use a good quality filter: It is important to maintain airflow effectively. Check filters regularly and replace them with new ones if they are dirty or damaged. Try to get a quality filter that uses heavy-duty cotton gauze. If this is a standard filter, you can use it for several years just cleaning it.
4) Use an intercooler to cool the intake air: It is important to cool the intake air as hot air expands only slightly as it enters the cylinder during combustion. So you can use the intercooler to cool the intake air before it reaches the cylinder. | <urn:uuid:9c3d3922-17c7-489e-931d-bf1e359087fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://foxhallgallery.com/tag/diesel-engine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930222 | 319 | 2.421875 | 2 |
This course provides an introduction to the relationship between politics and policy-making in developing countries. We will examine the political institutions underlying the policy process, the role played by groups with diverse policy interests, and general theories of policymaking. In doing so, we will evaluate the characteristics of political competition and the dynamics of political participation in highly dynamic, largely democratic contexts. We will then apply arguments about the nature of policymaking to a set of policy issues facing developing countries today. Throughout the course we will often refer to the institutions in place in India, in contrast with other developing countries, so as to evaluate the ways in which differing institutional and interest-based constraints may lead to divergent policy choices at both domestic and international levels. | <urn:uuid:23c1c58e-2746-4f13-8694-baddf1675ba1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://polisci.berkeley.edu/course/junior-seminar-politics-and-policy-making-developing-countries | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.938384 | 171 | 2.671875 | 3 |
‘…the melancholy birds of night still flit round me from time to time, yet they can be driven off by music’ – Robert Schumann to Verhuslt, November 4, 1848
In the correspondence of Robert and Clara Schumann the word “melancholy” appears often. Particularly poignant are the vivid descriptions that Robert used to portray his decaying mental state; specifically, the image of the visiting “birds of night” serves as a powerful metaphor. I explore this world of melancholy throughout my composition via nocturnal landscapes that return at various tempi and employing different orchestrations. Melodic lines that appear initially through a kaleidoscopic lens are continuously revisited, expanded, and interrupted by bird “night calls” and furioso passages. | <urn:uuid:7c07d2f9-ed9d-4c4f-b560-0932ee9d58ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://andreiapintocorreia.com/works-catalog/os-passaros-da-noite-the-birds-of-night/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.912841 | 166 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Poodle skirts are quite popular nowadays. And even though they have been associated with the 1950s fashion, poodle skirts are still considered fashionable clothing items. In fact, since the moment when they were first designed till today the influence of poodle skirts in women’s fashion has remained a reality.
In the 1950s, the poodle skirt has actually been considered a real phenomenon. It started in 1947, when Juli Charlot, a 25 years old girl needed a unique dress for a party she was going to attend in Los Angeles. Juli had no idea how to design a dress, so she cut a big circle of felt with a hole in the middle to fit her waist. She then applied a Christmas tree on it. The skirt, as designed by Juli was an amazing success. In fact, it had become so popular that a week after the party, Juli managed to sell the dress to raise money with the purpose to learn how to sew.
However, this is not all. As Juli’s fame and the popularity of the dress she worn continued to grow, the demand for skirts also increased. There is no wonder after all that soon enough Juli opened her own factory. She got numerous orders, but soon Juli found that the demand was so high she could no longer deal with it. Luckily for her, Juli received the needed help, at the right time. A New York designer decided to invest in her factory and helped the business take off.
Various applique designs were used on the skirts, but the poodle remained the most popular. Poodle skirts were commonly worn with flirty petticoats and wide cinch belt. Women of all ages began wearing poodle skirts, which became an option for young girls, but also for their mothers and grand mothers. However, it is important to mention that poodle skirts were designed to be worn by teenagers and naturally girls were the ones who mostly used these designs during the 1950s.
As the poodle skirt has always been very simple to make, many girls decided to wear home made models. Still, a poodle skirt would only look complete when all accessories are added together. Many teenage girls worn their poodle skirts with letter jackets or sweaters. | <urn:uuid:4589772d-14fe-4518-a86d-c1453ef30deb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.poodleskirts.org/category/uncategorized | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987559 | 459 | 2.125 | 2 |
Is Saddam Husayn a martyr? How should we view the execution of Saddam?
Submitted by on Fri, 13/10/2017 - 15:40
Dear Brother / Sister,
There are hadiths stating that a person who has belief in his heart and dies with belief will eventually go to Paradise even if he remains in Hell for a while. (Bukhari, Tawhid 19, 31, 36, 37; Muslim, Iman 322, 334; Muwatta, 1/212) The first condition of entering Paradise is belief. If a believer is a sinner, he will go to Paradise after being punished.
All kinds of troubles, diseases and misfortunes that hit man cause his sins to decrease. The punishment in the grave also decreases his sins. The degrees and amount of the sins change from person to person. Therefore, some people are punished in the grave and this punishment is enough for their sins; thus, they go to Paradise directly.
Reckoning on the Day of Judgment is the questioning of all responsible creatures by Allah. A big court of justice will be established in the Gathering Place; everybody will be called to account what they did in the world and they will be judged accordingly.
A person who dies as a believer will go to Paradise after he is punished no matter how sinful he is. The Prophet (pbuh) states the following in a hadith:
"Whoever has oppressed another person concerning his reputation or anything else, he should beg him to forgive him before the Day of Resurrection when there will be no money (to compensate for wrong deeds), but if he has good deeds, those good deeds will be taken from him according to his oppression which he has done, and if he has no good deeds, the sins of the oppressed person will be loaded on him." (Bukhari, Mazalim, 10)
Accordingly, those who oppress others in this world will give their thawabs to the people they oppressed in the hereafter; if they have no thawabs,the sins of the oppressed people will be loaded on them. If a person dies as an unbeliever, he will be loaded the sins of the people he oppressed and will remain in Hell forever.
Questions on Islam
- Husayn (r.a.)
- Does martyrdom eliminate major sins as kaffarah (atonement)?
- Is it necessary to apologize after breaking somebody's heart?
- What is martyrdom? Will you give information about the levels of martyrdom? Who are martyrs? Is a person who is burnt and who is drowned a martyr?
- What will happen if the sins and thawabs of a person are equal on the Scale/Mizan on the Day of Judgment?
- Does a person go directly to Paradise if his thawabs outweigh his sins when deeds are weighed in the Gathering Place?
- At what age should children be taught the concept/idea "Hell"?
- What are the Stages of Life in the Hereafter?
- What happens if the religion of Islam turns out to be a false religion after death and Christians or atheists become the rightful side? In that case, why should I work for Islam? Maybe, the other possibilities are true?
- What are the rights of a Muslim over other Muslims? | <urn:uuid:46c54494-5de2-46d4-8470-c14803294e53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://questionsonislam.com/question/saddam-husayn-martyr-how-should-we-view-execution-saddam | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.961828 | 679 | 2.3125 | 2 |
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Schools Wikipedia and SOS Children
Schools Wikipedia has made the best of Wikipedia available to students. SOS Childrens Villages helps more than 2 million people across 133 countries around the world. Try to find out how you can help children in other countries on our web site. | <urn:uuid:5d5a7aa6-efb2-44d0-b662-658034485b32> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://schools-wikipedia.org/images/782/78225.jpg.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00082-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941382 | 158 | 1.5625 | 2 |
WHITE HOUSE —
Senior White House officials say the Obama administration will redirect nearly $600 million in funds, the majority from existing Ebola resources, to fight the spread of the Zika virus.
“These repurposed funds are not enough to support a comprehensive Zika response and can only temporarily address what is needed until the Congress acts on the administration’s emergency supplemental request,” Office of Management and Budget Director Shaun Donovan said Wednesday.
The White House submitted that $1.9 billion request to Congress in February of this year.
On Wednesday, White House officials warned that without the funding, the U.S. risks not having the ability to properly respond to the Zika virus, including delays in mosquito control and surveillance, diagnostic testing, and vaccine development.
“These efforts need to continue, and they can’t be stopped or short-changed. We face two real global health challenges, Ebola and Zika. And we don’t have the option to set one aside in the name of another,” Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Burwell told reporters.
Burwell says there are now 672 confirmed cases of Zika in the United States, including 64 pregnant women. One Zika-related case of microcephaly confirmed in the state of Hawaii.
Officials say local transmission is currently centered in Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and American Samoa. But they believe there will likely be local transmission in the continental United States in the coming months.
FILE - Puerto Rico Health Department workers monitor social media for Zika related issues at the department's headquarters in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
40 million travelers affected
About 40 million people traveling between the continental U.S. and Zika-affected countries. The administration says as of last week, 33 countries and territories in the Americas reported active Zika transmission.
“The international outbreak of the Zika virus is sustained, severe and spreading internationally, and... it is in the U.S. national interest to respond to this public health emergency,” Deputy Secretary of State Heather Higginbottom outlined the message to Congress in redirecting funds from Ebola to the Zika response.
The administration’s efforts are focused on Puerto Rico, with 31 personnel from the Center for Disease Control on the ground and a Dengue field office converted to handle the Zika response – including mosquito control and surveillance and the education of pregnant women.
Health and Human Services Secretary Burwell said the U.S. is working to increase the supply of diagnostic tests and public health laboratories and accelerate vaccine research, noting five to six vaccine candidates are lined up to start phase 1 trials in September.
But White House officials say progress in the Zika diagnosis and prevention will be stymied without Congress’ immediate action on emergency funding.
“We cannot wait. There are activities that we cannot start now, there are activities in the coming months that we may need to stop doing. And particularly given the uncertainty and the risks, we should not play with fire here,” Director Donovan said.
The administration says it has identified $589 million – including $510 million of existing Ebola resources within the Department of Health and Human Services and Department of State/USAID – that can quickly be redirected and spent on immediate, time-critical activities.
Officials are also urging Congress to replenish the redirected funds from the Ebola response, warning the virus remains a threat to global health with recent cases in Guinea and Liberia.
“These continued outbreaks demonstrate exactly why it is critical to continue to be vigilant in West Africa,” Deputy Secretary of State Higginbottom noted. “We need to continue to support West African nations as they recover from Ebola and ensure we avoid further widespread outbreaks of Ebola.” | <urn:uuid:a1357c67-a466-4aaf-bb4f-6b9f41fad2a0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.voanews.com/a/white-house-to-redirect-ebola-funds-to-fight-zika/3273131.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00000-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927733 | 766 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Your mouth is made up of more than just teeth, so good oral health goes beyond simply brushing and flossing. In addition to your teeth, your mouth is made up of gums, oral mucosa, the upper and lower jaw, the tongue, salivary glands, the uvula, and the frenulum. All of these structures play an important role when it comes to good dental health and are routinely examined when you receive dental care.
The Oral Mucosa
When you open your mouth and look in the mirror, everything that isn’t a tooth is covered by a protective lining called the oral mucosa, which is a mucous membrane similar to the mucous membranes that line your nostrils and inner ears.
The oral mucosa plays an essential role in maintaining your oral health, as well as your overall health, by defending your body from germs and other irritants that enter your mouth. A tough substance called keratin, also found in your fingernails and hair, helps make the oral mucosa resistant to injury.
Your gums are the pinkish tissue that surrounds and supports your teeth. Also covered by oral mucosa, gums play a critical role in your oral health. Healthy gums are firm, cover the entire root of the tooth, and do not bleed when brushed, poked, or prodded. Gum disease can ultimately lead to tooth loss, so taking care of your gums by flossing daily is just as essential to dental care as brushing your teeth.
The Upper and Lower Jaw
Your jaws give your face its shape and your mouth the structure it needs for chewing and speech. Human jaws are made up of several bones: The upper jaw contains two bones that are fused to each other and to the rest of your skull, while the lower jawbone is separate from the rest of the skull, enabling it to move up and down when you speak and chew.
The tongue is a powerful muscle covered in specialized mucosal tissue that includes your taste buds. The tongue is not just important to your oral health — it's also considered an integral part of the body's digestive system — it's responsible for moving food to your teeth, and when chewed food is ready to be swallowed, the tongue moves it to the back of the throat so it can proceed into the esophagus. In babies, the tongue and the jaw work together to enable the infant to breastfeed.Additionally, the tongue plays an essential role in the ability to speak by shaping the sounds that come out of your mouth.
The Salivary Glands
You have three sets of salivary glands in your mouth and neck: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. These glands produce saliva, which contains special enzymes that help break down food, making it easier for you to swallow. Saliva is critical to good oral health, because it protects your teeth and gums by rinsing away food particles and bacteria and by helping to counteract acidic foods that can wear down the protective enamel on your teeth.
The uvula is the small flap of tissue which hangs down at the back of your throat. The uvula is composed of muscle fibers as well as connective and glandular tissues. Like other soft tissue structures in the mouth, the uvula is covered by oral mucosa. The uvula has long been a source of curiosity for scientists as all of its functions are not yet fully understood. However, it seems to play some role in speech and in keeping the mouth and throat moist.
The Frenulum Linguae
The frenulum is a flap of oral mucosa that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth. This tissue allows the tongue to move about as it does its job. If an infant is born with a frenulum that is too short, or not elastic enough, he or she can have trouble breastfeeding. A short frenulum can also affect speech.
The next time you’re brushing your teeth, spend a minute looking at the parts of the mouth that lie farther inside the oral cavity. Knowing what these structures do and what they look like can help you to maintain optimal oral health. | <urn:uuid:0185d1ab-cc92-44de-875b-5169bb196bc1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.everydayhealth.com/dental-health/101/beyond-your-teeth.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00372-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960681 | 858 | 3.78125 | 4 |
NSF Proposal - 10. Results from Prior Support
Jeffrey Boore. NSF 9807100. "A
Phylogeny of Major Metazoan Radiations". 1998-2001, $200,000.
We determined complete mitochondrial genome sequences for 25 phylogenetically
diverse invertebrates. Several contentious higher level relationships
were robustly reconstructed using mitochondrial gene arrangement
characters: Pogonophora are a family within Annelida; Platyhelminthes
and lophophorates fall within Eutrochozoa; Sipuncula are more closely
related to Annelida than to Mollusca; insects evolved within Crustacea,
not from myriapods. We have also developed models for gene order
rearrangements and explored many aspects of mitochondrial DNA structure
as well as their impact on phylogeny reconstruction. 16 publications
Michael J. Donoghue. NSF 9806937,
"Duplicate genes and plant phylogeny: phytochromes and the
rooting of the seed plants, angiosperms, and eudicots", 1998-2001,
A series of phytochrome gene duplications were used to root the
seed plants, the angiosperms, and the eudicots. CHR (3): Three undergraduate
women. Four publications to date.
Dina Mandoli. NSF 9630618, "Cell
biology & genetics of Acetabularia phenotypes that are arrested
in development", 1996-2000, $200,000.
We completed all 3 Aims: 1) we finished inbreeding near isogenic
lines proving that we can perform genetic manipulations; 2) we demonstrated
that high- throughput transformation and selection work well; and
3) we studied development, compensation and genetics of developmentally
arrested phenotypes. This research makes development of insertional
mutagenesis of A. acetabulum feasible. 16 publications to date.
CHR (29): 1 postdoctoral fellow (NSF), 4 graduate and 24 undergraduate
students. Includes 17 women, 10 minorities, 2 learning disabled,
8 Gates or Hughes Fellows. 24 out of 29 plan or have careers in
Brent Mishler. USDA 94-37105-0713
(DOE/NSF/USDA Collaborative Research in Plant Biology), "The
Origins and Phylogeny of Green Plants: A Research Coordination Group";
1994-2000, $285,459; NSF 0090227, "Beyond 'Deep Green': Towards
an Integration of Plant Phylogenetics and Plant Genomics";
The Green Plant Phylogeny Research Coordination Group (GPPRCG; "Deep
Green"), has been working since 1994 to facilitate the reconstruction
of an ever more resolved phylogeny. See full progress report at:
Preliminary results of the GPPRCG were presented in a series of
eight symposia at the XVI International Botanical Congress in 1999
and published in a series of papers in specialized professional
journals, as well as numerous reviews. Progress of a new effort
of this group, supported by an RCN grant "Deep Gene",
can be found at: http://ucjeps.herb.berkeley.edu/bryolab/deepgene/index.html.
Many professional workshops, research visits, and student training
activities have already been supported.
Charles J. O'Kelly. DEB-0075601, "Towards
a Monograph of the Ulvellaceae (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) and related
green algae", 2000-2004, $320,000.
We are finding: (1) numerous new species (at least 15) within this
assemblage; (2) significant lack of support for generic concepts
based on morphology, some genera are polyphyletic at the class level
(Friedl and O'Kelly 2002) while others (especially those in the
Ulvellaceae sensu stricto) cannot be sustained; (3) assortment of
these algae among five putative clades, including the Cladophorales,
the Ulotrichales, the Ulvaceae and Kornmanniaceae of the Ulvales,
and a clade, previously unrecognized at the molecular level, basal
to other Ulvales and possibly identical with the "Ctenocladaceae"
of some morphological classifications. One publication to date.
CHR (3): one postdoc and 2 research technicians.
Richard Olmstead. DEB-9727025, ?Chloroplast
DNA Phylogeny of Basal Angiosperms?, 1998- 2001, $205,000; DEB-
0090313; "Chloroplast DNA Phylogeny of Seed Plants and Basal
Angiosperms", 2001-2004, $240,000.
We identified 17 chloroplast genes (Graham and Olmstead 2000a) that
permit resolution of ancient land plant radiations (e.g., low synonymous
substitution rates and low site-to-site rate heterogeneity) to analyze
~15kb of data. Our evidence suggests that full resolution of the
basal angiosperm radiation is possible with high levels of confidence.
My current NSF grant expands this work to include more extensive
sampling in seed plants and other major land plant lineages in collaboration
with Sean Graham (U. Alberta). Chara and Coleochaete are included
as outgroups. Four publications to date. CHR (10): one postdoc,
2 research technicians, 3 grad students (partial support), and 6
undergrads on REU suppl., including 2 minorities.
Karen Renzaglia: DEB-9527735. °Spermatogenesis
in "pteridophytes": ultrastructure, differentiation and
phylogeny.° 1996-2001, $140,000.
Our major research findings fall into two categories: (1) comparative
information on cellular development and structure in land plants
and (2) contributions to clarifying evolutionary trends and resolving
phylogenetic relationships among basal embryophytes. We have provided
detailed descriptions of sperm cell architecture and cellular development
in pteridophytes, bryophytes, green algae and seed plants. Our work
reveals that structural and developmental complexity in plant sperm
cells are unsurpassed in any other group of organisms. We have generated
new data, assembled published data and analyzed one of the most
comprehensive data bases of both morphological and molecular data
associated with the phylogeny of land plants. 27 publications to
date, 6 with undergraduate co-authors. Nine undergraduates, one
doctoral student and three master's students have worked on plant
spermatogenesis since 1995.
Alan Smith: DEB-9616260 "Collaborative
research: Phylogeny, character evolution, and diversification of
extant ferns", 1997-2002, $25,619 (with K. M. Pryer and P.
G. Wolf). DEB-9807053 "Morphological and molecular systematics
of the Polypodiaceae and Grammitidaceae", 1998-2002 $55,939,
(with T. A. Ranker and C. H. Haufler).
The first of these awards supported phylogenetic studies on the
ca. 10 basalmost families of extant ferns. By virtue of the results
obtained, as well as some previous work, we expanded our study to
include Psilotaceae and Equisetaceae, two groups traditionally thought
to be fern allies, but now believed to be nested in the fern clade.
Altogether, ca. 65 examplars (genera) from the basal clade were
sequenced for four genes plus morphology. A similar approach has
been applied to the study to the Polypodiaceae and Grammitidaceae,
generally acknowledged to be the most recently derived of the higher
Paul G. Wolf. DEB-9707087 ?Collaborative
Research: Phylogeny, character evolution, and diversification of
extant ferns?. 1997-2000, $94,990.
We used data from 4 genes and morphology from over 60 taxa to resolve
phylogeny of vascular plants. Our data indicate that horsetails
and ferns together are the sister to seed plants. Five publications | <urn:uuid:5e79966f-798d-4bbf-bbb2-15bf5e1040f1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/TreeofLife/proposal10.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.838198 | 1,808 | 1.882813 | 2 |
February 14, 2008 at 9:40 PM by Dr. Drang
The report of today’s shootings at Northern Illinois University was not just a news story to us in the Chicago area. Lots of local kids go there; everyone in my neighborhood knows a student--or knows the parents of a student--at NIU. My daughter, safe at another school, has been frantically texting and calling her friends at Northern. They’re all fine, but I won’t be surprised to learn in the next few days of a connection with one or more of the victims. Kids the same age as my daughter, gone forever.
As my wife and I were running errands this evening, we heard interviews on the radio with students who were in the class and escaped. There was a strange matter-of-factness in the way they talked, as if they had watched someone else rather than lived through it themselves. I suppose it will seem more real to them in a day or so.
This tragedy comes not only on the heels of other school shootings in Louisiana, Tennessee, and California, but just a week or so after a shooting in a suburban Chicago clothing store. There were five victims in that incident, too.
The public reaction to shootings like these has changed since I was a kid. In the 60s and 70s, these incidents would lead to calls for tougher gun control laws. Now they seem to always lead to nutty arguments for concealed-carry laws. I’ve already seen letters to the editor claiming that the clothing store shootings wouldn’t have happened if the store’s customers had been packing heat, and I won’t be surprised to see the same thing in response to the NIU story. This is almost as disturbing as the shootings themselves--not just that there are idiots who think it’s a good idea to have several people spraying bullets around, but that there’s no embarrassment associated with expressing those thoughts in public. Newspaper editors think it’s an opinion worth publishing.
Angry thoughts at the end of a bad day. I should just go to sleep. | <urn:uuid:32f91e17-3e87-4a59-8eb2-c3a264573b89> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://leancrew.com/all-this/2008/02/niu-shooting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00270-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983052 | 438 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Simi Valley limousine clients and residents are often unaware of Simi’s disturbing and terrifying cult history. Let us refresh your memory and present to you some of Simi Valley’s most seclusive and dangerous sects through time. From the rather large Pisgah Grande sect to the smaller Manson followers, many don’t realize the extensive cult history found in and around Simi Valley. Did you for example now that the Pisgah Grande sect operated a hidden colony in the Las Llajas Canyon or years? At one point, the cult had more than fifty houses and over 300 members living in the secluded canyon in northern Simi. In more recent history, followers of Charles Manson resided in areas surrounding the Santa Susana’s in eastern Simi, and many locals will know the histories from the famous Manson Cave in Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park as well as Spahn Ranch, one of the Manson’s many hangout spots.
Besides Pisgah Grande, yet another Christian fundamentalist sect once residing in Simi Valley was the famous Blackburn Cult. The sect, – which poisoned people, burned former members in ovens and sacrificed animals, – was established in the 1920’s and found soon its place in Simi Valley. The ghost tours at Strathearn Park is a beloved local treasure definitely worth checking out for all Simi Valley limousine and party bus clients, a tour which often includes theatrical shows depicting the lives of the Blackburns. The Divine Order of the Royal Arms of the Great Eleven – or the Blackburn Sect as they’re more commonly referred to, – is among other things known for their killing of former cult member Florance Turner of Monterey Park, CA. In order to “save her from blood malady,” a brick oven was constructed and the cult burnt Turner to her death in the Simi Valley wilderness. Furthermore, Simi Valley limousine riders will be shocked to hear about the deceased body of 16-year old Willa Rhoads, which was found by authorities surrounded by numerous sacrificed animals and covered in salt. The seven sacrificed dogs surrounding her body was according to sect members a symbol of the angel Gabriel’s trumpet. LAX sedan service clients and other customers in the LA area might also know of the Blackburns. Before moving to Simi, the sect was located in Downtown’s Bunker Hill, an area maybe most visited by contemporary limo services in order to visit the Walt Disney Concert Hall, the Los Angeles City Hall and other iconic LA landmarks. Besides Simi Valley limousine services, we offer limo services throughout all of Southern California. In addition to Simi, we also have limo- and party bus hubs in Westlake Village, Santa Barbara, Ventura, Palm Springs and Los Angeles.
Despite countless cult members disappearing and violent scenes, authorities were never able to bring the Blackburns to justice. Its founder, May Otis Blackburn (1881-1951) was also a self declared queen with the ability to communicate with angels… Although a legal case was brought forth against May Otis, but the California Supreme Court made the rule that any attempts to limit the cult would be an intrusion of privacy and in violation with the right to religious freedom. Her book, entitled the Origin of God, was published in 1936 and includes numerous of her proclamations and alleged talks with the divine. Although never charged for murder, May Otis was charged with 12 counts of grand thefts and was later released. Many Santa Barbara limousine and party bus rental customers will wonder: what ultimately happened to the Blackburn Cult? After appealing her case in the early 1930’s and due to the 1931 California Supreme Court rule on religious freedom, Blackburn was released from prison and the sect left Simi Valley and relocated to the Lake Tahoe area.
While the Manson family and Blackburn sect counted a handful of followers, by far the largest of the Simi Valley cults were the fundamentalist Pentecostal Pisgah Grande sect, founded in Simi’s Las Llajas Canyon, in English translated to the Canyon of the Wounds. Here, many will perhaps know that the sect at one point counted more than 300 members living in complete seclusion in their own “village” in northern Simi. Led by Doctor Finis Yoakum, the community on the Marr Ranch Parkland counted over fifty buildings and locals looking for a party bus rental might recall the sect even having its own post office(!) in the Las Llajas Canyon. The sect ultimately relocated from Southern California to Tennessee. Today, the Canyon of the Wounds is most often visited for its beautiful nature featuring a nearly 50-acre dam, creeks- and creek-beds, oak woodland and beautiful panoramic views of the city, rolling greenery and many hills. While enjoying a picnic, photographing or hiking in today’s northern Simi, there are few hints of the long gone past once dominated by fundamentalists and secret communities. Las Llajas Canyon is located on public lands and you can book limo services or LAX sedan service to this location.
Although closer to Chatsworth, Spahn Ranch straddles the Simi-Chatsworth city borders. The Manson family lived on this ranch through much 1968 and 1969. At the same time, Spahn Ranch functioned as a movie-filming ranch where a number of movies and TV-series were filmed. An example is the movie Hangfire (1968) featuring Donald Jerome Shea (nicknamed “Shorty”). Shortly after filming the movie, “Shorty” was killed by the Manson family for calling the police to the ranch. He was decapitated at the ranch and his remains were discovered in December of 1969 near the Santa Susana Road. Spahn Ranch is now located within Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park and we still get requests for Simi Valley limousine services with this destination. Customers on local cinematic tours of Simi often love to stop by Spahn Ranch to see the filming locations for some of their favorite movies and television series. Just a few of the TV-series filmed here are Bonanza (1959-1973), The Lone Ranger (1949-1957) and Zorro (1957-1959). Some of the movie classics filmed here include Satan’s Sadists (1969), Hell’s Bloody Devils (1970), The Sadistic Hypnotist (1969), Angels’ Wild Women (1972), The Creeping Terror (1964), Revenge of the Virgins (1959), The Female Bunch (1969), Linda and Abilene (1969), The Ramrodder (1969), Hard on the Trail (1971), One More Train to Rob (1971), Lash of Lust (1972), and many more. More recent movies filmed here are Curio Shop (2014), Inside the Manson Gang (2007), Frankie in Blunderland (2011), 6 Guns (2010) and Inside the Manson Gang (2007). The address of Spahn Movie Ranch was 12000 Santa Susana Pass Road. We’ve had a Simi Valley limousine trying to find the ranch passed the Santa Susana Pass, but since the address has been changed, seeing the former movie ranch is best by foot in Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park, by for example ordering limo services to 10215 Larwin Avenue. We’ve even had tourists utilizing our limo- and LAX sedan service from LAX airport to come check out Spahn Ranch!
Did you know Transformers (2007) was filmed in Simi? Click here to see a list of Best Movies Filmed in Simi Valley!
Whether for chauffeured Simi Valley limousine services, Santa Barbara wine tours, party bus bar hopping or any activity, a visit to one of the many historic sect sites in the valley may be horrifying and educational. And for whatever destination, you will arrive and leave safely with our Simi Valley-, LA- and LAX sedan service. Be safe out there! | <urn:uuid:7cc5b5fa-d529-4fbc-8981-a9ff1ccaef59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://premier-la-limo-service.com/tag/simi-valley-limousine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.957367 | 1,659 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Yemen must stop sidelining rights for security: Yemen
Yemen must stop sacrificing human rights as it confronts a southern separatist movement, the aftermath of a rebellion in the north and threats from Al-Qaeda, Amnesty International said on Tuesday.
"The Yemeni authorities must stop sacrificing human rights in the name of security as they confront threats from Al-Qaeda, Zaidi Shiite rebels in the north and address growing demands for secession in the south," the rights group said.
"All measures taken in the name of countering terrorism or other security challenges in Yemen must have at (their) heart the protection of human rights," Malcolm Smart, Amnesty's director for the Middle East and North Africa, said in a statement.
"An extremely worrying trend has developed where the Yemeni authorities ... have been citing national security as a pretext to deal with opposition and stifle all criticism," he said.
Yemen has carried out torture, arbitrary detentions, forced disappearances and unfair trials in the name of security concerns, according to an Amnesty report released on Tuesday.
"The main security fear for many people in Yemen ... is to be caught up in the government's repressive and sweeping response to the protests in the south and conflict in the north," the report says.
In south Yemen, where many residents complain of discrimination in the allocation of resources, frequent protests are held by members of Yemen's Southern Movement, who want either increased autonomy or secession.
"Security forces are alleged to have targeted for extrajudicial execution people prominent in the Southern Movement and have killed or injured hundreds of protesters during peaceful demonstrations," Amnesty's report says.
In north Yemen, the latest round of fighting broke out last August, when Yemeni troops launched an all-out offensive against the Zaidis, also known as Huthis, and continued until a February ceasefire.
The report says "hundreds, possibly thousands, of civilians were killed in 2009-2010, many as a result of apparently indiscriminate attacks and other violations of international humanitarian law" during that fighting.
Yemeni efforts to combat Al-Qaeda have also resulted in rights violations, the report says.
"People alleged to be linked to Al-Qaeda have been targeted for extrajudicial execution, sometimes leading to the killing of other people, including children, who were not being targeted."
Yemen has been under intense pressure from the United States to crack down on Al-Qaeda since an attempt to blow up a US airliner on Christmas day, which was claimed by Al-Qaeda's Yemeni branch.
© 2010 AFP | <urn:uuid:7ae54cf1-3751-40fa-9c04-aabb0ee7c4b2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.expatica.com/uk/news/Yemen-must-stop-sidelining-rights-for-security-Yemen_202010.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00037-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974126 | 517 | 1.765625 | 2 |
“Welcome to Episode 5 of there is a Reason for Everything which makes this the Empire Strikes Back of coffee blogs.” – Clinard
Lets start this week by going back in time for a second, please keep your hands and arms inside the DeLorean at all times.
In the 1850’s the coffee industry had two problems, they couldn’t control the temperature of water well enough to brew coffee properly and they couldn’t filter the grounds from the brew mixture properly so most coffee had the consistency of mud.
Enter the siphon, or vacuum pot (“vac pot” for short) – an 1850’s German designed coffee brewer that is the most entertaining to watch of all the brew methods in our shop. We have a blog that goes into more detail about this machine’s history. But lets get back to the future, and address the question at hand:
Why have I never seen this thing before? And why use it, just for the coolness factor?
The coolness factor is only a peripheral benefit that is secondary to the quality in the cup. Just like with everything we have talked about, it is what ends up in the cup that is the most important.
As to why you might not have seen one, the siphon has reemerged in America after being trumped by countertop auto-drip machines, stovetop brewers, and instant coffee. Because (much like Walmart, fast food, and sweat pants) these methods have dominated this country purely out of convenience.
Now that we are experiencing a coffee quality renaissance here in America, the siphon is making a comeback. In Japan, where specialty coffee is taken very seriously (and they don’t like Walmart), the siphon is as widely used as espresso machines here in America.
All coffee brew methods fall along a spectrum with what we call “Body” on one side and “Flavor Clarity” on the other. The Hario V-60 falls in the middle, the Trifecta between the middle and body side and the siphon is at the extreme side of flavor clarity. The siphon is special because it presents some of the most delicate flavors in the coffee. It effectively draws some flavor oil but few coffee solids so while the coffee’s viscosity is lighter, the ability to detect even the most subtle flavor notes is amplified. It’s like when you remove the white noise so you can hear the notes of song more clearly. The peach in my Guatemala La Soledad and the key lime in my Kenya pop when brewed on the siphon. It’s beautiful! I absolutely love the siphon. Even at 160 this old guy is keeping up with all the young guys on our bar. Like the Slayer.
The Slayer was designed and built by the fine folks from Slayer Espresso in Seattle, Washington in the good ol’ US of A. It is refreshing to see a company venture off and experiment with the age-old and ever-so complicated process of brewing espresso.
What did the Slayer do that was so different? And why did you pick this machine when there are so many machines out there that are cheaper, and make good espresso?
Slayer bucked the norm and created a machine that allows the trained barista to affect brew pressure at various points in the brew process – commonly referred to as “pressure profiling.” What this means is we can custom design a shot profile to highlight what is best about a particular espresso and mute what is offensive or undesirable. Because even with amazing coffee, if prepared improperly, then it can taste less than good. With the Slayer, we have the ability to alter the shot in ways that simply aren’t possible with traditional espresso machines. That is why I can put some pretty amazing single-origin shots on the menu that would generally not be obtainable on standard espresso machines – at least without some sacrifice. We can also make many adjustments at the machine to hone in the extractions on our Show No Mercy espresso blend. We have a great blog on the Slayer if you want to read more about this killer machine: It’s Called Slayer.
You might wonder why we chose this machine when there are other machines out there that utilize pressure profiling in some way or that can pull single-origin Espresso just fine without being a Slayer. I would love to get into detail about that, just comment on this blog with your questions, or hit us up on twitter or facebook.
I would talk about our Japanese cold water drip iced coffee brewer, dubbed the “Kyoto” or the Hario Fretta iced coffee system, but again we previously created a blog that does this wonderfully. If you have more questions about those methods, please just comment on the blogs and we will happily answer them.
All of this “stuff” is meant for nothing other than creating the freshest brewed coffee and is part of the equation as to why our coffee is as good as it is – the other part of the equation is the ingredients.
Support Good Coffee | <urn:uuid:2c9bcdab-670e-4657-97c3-8fe7150fcab1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://portolacoffeelab.wordpress.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00455-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956755 | 1,053 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Investors all over the globe were nervous even before markets opened on the historic day that came to be Black Monday, Oct. 19, 1987. On the previous Friday, the Dow Jones industrial average had suffered a record one-day ecline of 108.36 points, to 2246.73. The sense of imminent foreboding was evident as far away as Australia, where the Monday-morning sun rises over the acific while it is still Sunday afternoon in New York City.
MONDAY, OCTOBER 19
MELBOURNE, 10 A.M.
One of the first markets to open after Friday's Wall Street scare quickly signals the shocks to come. On a catwalk... | <urn:uuid:619487f3-f911-437a-a603-4e08fb38b280> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,965853,00.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00254-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954302 | 145 | 1.734375 | 2 |
IU Simon Cancer Center colon expert says colon cancer is preventable with advanced screening; March is Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month
INDIANAPOLIS – March 3, 2008 -- Fewer people are dying from colorectal cancer, but it remains the third deadliest form of cancer in America.
According to the American Cancer Society, there will be about 108,070 new cases of colon cancer and 40,740 new cases of rectal cancer this year. Overall, the two will cause nearly 50,000 deaths.
Screenings for colon cancer play an important role in the steady decline of deaths caused by the disease.
“Colon cancer is one of the few cancers that is imminently preventable through screening,” Patrick Loehrer Sr., MD., deputy director and medical director of the Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, said. Dr. Loehrer is an oncologist and researcher with the cancer center.
He explained that colon cancer typically develops over a period of years in which abnormalities form into polyps. Cancer cells develop in the polyps.
During a colonoscopy -- one screening option -- a doctor is able to see the entire colon. If a polyp is found, it may be removed and tissue may be sent to the lab to see if any cancer is present. By removing a polyp, cancer cells can’t develop.
Typically, a person should have a colon cancer screening done at age 50 if they are of average risk, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS). In addition to a colonoscopy, other screenings include: stool blood test (fecal occult blood test or FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy, or barium enema with air contrast. Talk with your physician about the pros and cons of each screening.
However, if you are at an increased risk of colorectal cancer, you should begin screenings earlier and/or be screened more often. The ACS considers a person at increased risk if they have:
- a personal history of colorectal cancer
- a personal history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease
- a strong family history of colorectal cancer or polyps (cancer or polyps in a first- degree relative [parent, sibling, or child] younger than 60, or in two first-degree relatives of any age)
- a known family history of hereditary colorectal cancer symptoms
What are the symptoms of colon cancer?
Dr. Loehrer said some symptoms may include:
- a change in bowel habits
- blood in stool
- abdominal pain
Talk with your doctor about any symptoms you may be experiencing. Symptoms do not mean you have cancer, but they should be discussed with a physician.
How is colon cancer treated?
As with most cancers, treatment for colon cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Depending on the stage of the cancer, two or even three types of treatment may be used at the same time or consecutively.
For some people, clinical trials are an option. They are open to people either with a high risk for cancer or diagnosis of the disease. The IU Simon Cancer Center is conducting a number of colorectal clinical trials. For more information, visit http://cancer.iu.edu/research-trials/trials/index.shtml or call (317) 274-0972.
Cancer Care Engineering Project
Researchers from the IU Simon Cancer Center along with others from the Purdue Cancer Center and the Roudebush VA Medical Center in Indianapolis are involved in the Cancer Care Engineering Project. Using colorectal cancer data, this team is creating tools to help improve prevention, treatment and care of those with cancer. Clinical data will be used to refine statistical and engineering simulation models to predict how to treat and possibly prevent cancer. | <urn:uuid:e7e24128-76b6-49ae-8b8f-478354bf08cf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cancer.iu.edu/news-publications/article.shtml?id=1765 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929196 | 792 | 2.640625 | 3 |
More and more stories about the bedbug epidemic are making headlines these days. In cities across the world, the problem appears to be growing rapidly, one bed (or sofa, pillow, crib, etc.) at a time. Families are justifiably worried, because when these pesky bugs suck on their victim's blood, they cause annoying skin irritation and unsightly bite marks. Just reading about the international spread of these pests is enough to make your skin itch.
Detection dogs to the rescue
Since bedbugs are incredibly tiny—about the size of the point on a typical pen—they are extremely difficult to detect with the human eye. This can lead to a frustrating situation: You know you have a bedbug problem because you see the marks and feel the itch, but you don't know where the darned things are hiding.
Enter the specially trained bedbug detection dog. These remarkable professional dogs are one more example of how we humans have come to rely on the super-sensitive canine nose. We depend on dogs to sniff out fugitives, narcotics, and explosives. Now thousands of homeowners are also relying on them to uncover their resident bedbugs.
Bedbug-detection dogs and their human handlers generally work for two types of pest-related companies: detection/inspection services and extermination services. Some companies perform both services.
Just how reliable are bedbug-sniffing dogs? The statistics vary, depending on the source. Many companies boast reliability ratings of 95–98%. Widely publicized industry statistics claim a 95% reliability rating. However, some critics point out that that number was determined awhile ago under controlled conditions using dogs that were thoroughly trained and that met stringent standards. However, with more dogs on the scene today—and with training protocols that may vary wildly-the reliability rating could realistically be lower. When you get down to it, the reliability of the inspection is directly related to the quality of the training both the dog and its handler have received.
Certification and training
There's no doubt that bedbug-detecting dogs are popular these days. They are featured prominently in advertising, people know their names, and at least one such dog has its own Facebook page.
But is this celebrity status deserved? For some dogs, perhaps. Those are the hardworking, expertly trained dogs that have proven reliability ratings. These are the ones that have passed a rigorous training course and are certified by a reliable industry organization. One such entity is the National Entomology Scent Detection Canine Association (NESDCA), based in Florida. This association has established very detailed and specific rules that determine how a dog must be treated during training and how dog/handler teams can become accredited.
Things to consider before "hiring" a bedbug dog
Do you suspect that your home has been invaded by bedbugs? Before you choose an inspection service that uses bedbug dogs, here are a few things to consider:
- Ask for proof of certification. Remember, the dog isn't the only one that needs training: the dog's handler should also have taken part in these courses.
- Once you've determined that the dog/handler team has been certified, make sure their certification is up to date. Organizations like the NESDCA insist that these teams take refresher courses on a regular basis to maintain the accreditation.
- Find out, up front, what is included in the service. Is it an inspection-only service, or does the price include extermination services, as well? And be prepared for the numbers-these services can be costly.
- Some people believe that an inspection-only service may be more reliable because they don't have a vested interest in getting a positive reading—or positive sniffing, as the case may be. A company that provides both inspection and extermination services stands to profit if the dog indicates the presence of bedbugs.
- Make sure that any positive reading is confirmed by a visual inspection. This step is important to verify the accuracy of the dog's "discovery." A visual inspection by an expert will determine if there is physical proof of an active bedbug infestation.
When it comes to detecting bedbugs, the nose knows. And this amazing ability is one more example in an ever-growing list of the ways dogs help to improve the quality of our lives. | <urn:uuid:58cd7dee-203f-44e7-8ed6-fec79b05c269> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pedigree.com/All-Things-Dog/Article-Library/Dogs-that-Sniff-Out-Bedbugs.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962684 | 881 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Is stained glass expensive?
Costing a Piece of Stained Glass Art
The simple answer is that producing a beautiful piece of stained glass art takes quality materials, lots of time and plenty of skill. Oh, and a little blood, sweat and tears along the way!
What's involved in making a unique piece of stained glass art?
People are often surprised by the cost of stained glass art so I find it helpful to use this example to explain how it’s made and then I can let you draw your own conclusions! This was a recent project which was a collaboration with a local artist. My part in the project was to replicate her beautiful watercolour into a stained glass art panel. The stages are the same for most of my work.
Stage 1 - Planning
we will call the artist the customer, her name is Gill Pearsons by the way! Gill sent me the watercolour so that I could first of all draw up the pattern. We had a couple of follow up conversations around the size, the colour of glass, whether the piece would be framed or not and when we needed to have it finished by.
Stage 2 - Creating the Pattern
I create all of my own patterns either freehand or from photographs using my ipad and a design package. In this case the watercolour informed the pattern. The pattern was then cut and the individual pieces stuck onto the relevant coloured glass.
Stage 3 - Glass Cutting
This is the fun part! A glass cutter is used to score the glass around the pattern pieces and then a pair of special plyers are used to break the glass along the score line. Many plasters can be used during this stage!
Stage 4 - Grinding
It is important that each piece of glass fits well within the pattern so a grinding machine is used to grind down any sharp edges, ensure pieces fit the puzzle and provide a good clean surface to help the copper foil adhere well.
Stage 5 - Copper Foiling
A special copper foil with a sticky side is then cut to the size of each individual piece and carefully wrapped around it and then burnished to make sure the surface is flat and the tape flush to the glass.
Stage 6 - Soldering
Once all the pieces are pinned to a board to stop them moving flux is applied which will help the solder flow smoothly where the copper lines are. Just like learning to cut glass, soldering to get a nice round bead takes lots of practice and patience!
Stage 7 - Finishing
Now that the artwork has been created it is time to thoroughly clean off the flux and dry the piece ready to take patina if this is being used. I often used black patina as this makes the colours of the glass really pop. Once the patina has changed the colour of the solder lines then the piece is ready to be cleaned and buffed to a shine with a polish.
Stage 8 - Framing
Not all pieces are frames but in this case I cut a zinc frame which I incorporated loops for hanging and added black patina and a final polish.
Looking for inspiration? Take a look at what I've created so far on my gallery pages then if you see anything you like or you have your own ideas, just contact me to order or discuss further.
Want to know more? If you have a request or enquiry? I'm all ears!
I hope that we have the opportunity to meet in person at a show, workshop or event and perhaps sit down with a cuppa together to discuss your requirements!
Click here to find out where you can catch up with me next. | <urn:uuid:d972b68e-2445-44c6-a5af-12fde62968b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lindasartglass.com/copper-foil-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.946324 | 745 | 2.359375 | 2 |
The Mark Of The Beast And The Mark Of God
This End Times Deception study will help understand the true mark of the beast.
The sea beast of Revelation 13 is the Papacy of the Roman Catholic Church and the earth beast is the Jesuits of Rome, who spread around the world, causing people to revere the Pope and obey his commands.
Satan has empowered the Roman beast to deceive the world, including Christians. Satan knows the Bible well, and he knows the things that God has sanctified.
This study will look at what God has defined as a covenant between Himself and His followers, which are a sign, a mark, of their relationship.
Then we will see how Satan has subverted those things through the Roman Catholic Church, causing some Christians to have the mark of the Rome beast on them.
If someone says that you’re ‘marked‘ for God, what are they proclaiming?
They’re saying that you obey His commands, which demonstrates your love for Him, which is a sign to others about whom you serve.
The Bible declares that we are to keep the 10 commandments; the enemy causes Christians to believe that Christ ended that requirement.
In Deuteronomy 6:1-2, God commands us to keep His statutes and commandments;
“Now these are the commandments, the statutes, and the judgments, which the LORD your God commanded to teach you, that ye might do them in the land whither ye go to possess it: That thou mightest fear the LORD thy God, to keep all his statutes and his commandments, which I command thee, thou, and thy son, and thy son’s son, all the days of thy life; and that thy days may be prolonged.”
Then in Deuteronomy 6:8 He tells us that His commandments shall be a sign on our hand and our foreheads.
“And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thine hand, and they shall be as frontlets between thine eyes.”
The word ‘sign’ means; a signal (literally or figuratively), as a flag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence, etc.:—mark, miracle, (en-)sign, token.
The hand refers to our actions, and the forehead refers to our beliefs.
If we obey the commandments of God, then we have the mark of God on us.
Is that not what our Messiah taught us?
For Christ said “He who has My commandments and keeps them, it is he who loves Me. And he who loves Me will be loved by My Father, and I will love him and manifest Myself to him.” John 14:21
“By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God, and keep his commandments. For this is the love of God, that we keep his commandments: and his commandments are not grievous.” 1 John 5:2-3
Christians proclaim that Christ nailed the commandments to the cross, but that’s not true, He came to fulfill the law, because no man ever could.
“Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill. For assuredly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle will by no means pass from the law till all is fulfilled. Whoever therefore breaks one of the least of these commandments, and teaches men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever does and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.” Matthew 5:17-19
What He nailed to the cross is the written record of our sins.
“And you, being dead in your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh, He has made alive together with Him, having forgiven you all trespasses, having wiped out the handwriting of requirements that was against us, which was contrary to us. And He has taken it out of the way, having nailed it to the cross.” Colossians 2:13-14
Where a debt is contracted, it is usually testified by some handwriting; and when the debt is forgiven, the handwriting is destroyed, either by blotting it out, by taking it away, or by tearing it.
Christ’s atoning work paid for our sins, thus wiping out the handwriting of the record of our sins, which condemned us.
Paul is not saying that Christ nailed the Torah to the cross and eliminated it.
In Christ’s New Covenant, He put His law in our heart and our mind.
“This is the covenant that I will make with them after those days, says the Lord: I will put My laws into their hearts, and in their minds I will write them.” Hebrews 10:16
Jesus obeyed them perfectly and He expects His followers to strive to keep them.
“for not the hearers of the law are just in the sight of God,
but the doers of the law will be justified.” Romans 2:13
“Do we then make void the law through faith? Certainly not!
On the contrary, we establish the law.” Romans 3:31
Revelation 22:12-14 tells us that we are blessed by following God’s commandments.
“And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be. I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.”
Christ is telling us that those who obey (mark on the right hand) His commandments, will eat of the tree of life, and may enter into the Holy City, New Jerusalem.
In Revelation 12:17, Christ is telling us that Satan makes war with His followers, who keep the commandments of God.
“And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ.”
Revelation 14:9-11 tells us that if anyone obeys the antichrist Pope’s commands, they have the mark of the beast on them.
“And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, If any man worship (revere and obey) the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand, The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God.” Revelation 14:9-10
So let’s compare the teachings of Christ with the teachings of the antichrist Pope’s, to see which one most Christians are following.
Yahuah ordained the 7th Day Sabbath as a ‘mark‘ of His people; while Satan caused the Roman Catholic Church to use Sunday as a ‘mark‘ of their authority.
Christians may believe that they are to obey the 10 commandments, but somehow many don’t believe that they need to follow the 4th Commandment.
“Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates. For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it.” Exodus 20:8-11
Most Christians argue that the Sabbath is Sunday, but there is no passage in the Bible which declares this.
God set aside the Sabbath as a sign, a mark, between Him and His people.
“Speak thou also unto the children of Israel, saying, Verily my sabbaths ye shall keep: for it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations; that ye may know that I am the LORD that doth sanctify you.” Exodus 31:13
They are a perpetual sign between the Children of Israel and God.
“You shall keep the Sabbath, therefore, for it is holy to you. Everyone who profanes it shall surely be put to death; for whoever does any work on it, that person shall be cut off from among his people. Work shall be done for six days, but the seventh is the Sabbath of rest, holy to the Lord. Whoever does any work on the Sabbath day, he shall surely be put to death. Therefore the children of Israel shall keep the Sabbath, to observe the Sabbath throughout their generations as a perpetual covenant. It is a sign between Me and the children of Israel forever; for in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed.” Exodus 31:14-17
God told His children to not walk in the ways of their fathers, but according to His law, which is a sign of their relationship.
“But I said to their children in the wilderness, ‘Do not walk in the statutes of your fathers, nor observe their judgments, nor defile yourselves with their idols. I am the Lord your God: Walk in My statutes, keep My judgments, and do them; hallow My Sabbaths, and they will be a sign between Me and you, that you may know that I am the Lord your God.’ Ezekiel 20:18-20
If God changed the perpetual covenant of the Sabbath, which He defined as the seventh day, then He would have clearly told us so.
Satan hates the Sabbath because it is a covenant between Yahuah and His people.
At the Council of Laodicea in 364 A.D., Satan caused the Church of Rome to outlaw the 7th day Sabbath.
“Christians must not judaize by resting on the Sabbath, but must work on that day, rather honouring the Lord’s Day; and, if they can, resting then as Christians. But if any shall be found to be judaizers, let them be anathema from Christ.” Canon XXIX.
This tells us that the followers of Christ were still observing the luni-solar based Sabbath.
Since then the Roman Church has been declaring Sunday as the Lord’s Day. Please understand that the Roman Catholic Church is the antichrist beast of Revelation, who has claimed to be Christ on earth, a substitute Christ, a Vicar of Christ.
Worshiping on Sunday honors the Roman Catholic Church Lord, the Pope, the Sun god, which ultimately gives worship to Satan.
It matters not if that is your intent. What matters is that you are following Rome’s decrees, not Yahuah’s.
Here are statements from the Papal Church declaring as such.
“But you may read the Bible from Genesis to Revelation, and you will not find a single line authorizing the sanctification of Sunday. The Scriptures enforce the religious observance of Saturday, a day which we never sanctify.” Cardinal James Gibbons, The Faith of Our Fathers (Ayers Publishing, 1978): 108
“Of course the Catholic Church claims that the change was her act…And the act is a MARK of her ecclesiastical power and authority in religious matters.” Letter from C.F. Thomas, Chancellor of Cardinal Gibbons on October 28, 1895
They are saying that if you deny the authority of the Catholic Church, which you should, then you have no justification for a Sunday Sabbath, because they are the ones who changed it to Sunday.
“Sunday is a Catholic institution and its claim to observance can be defended only on Catholic principles….. From beginning to end of Scripture there is not a single passage that warrants the transfer of weekly public worship from the last day of the week to the first.” Catholic Press, Sydney, Australia, August 1900.
You can clearly see that the antichrist Roman Catholic Church is proclaiming that Sunday is their Holy Day, and that there is no scriptural basis for the Sabbath to be on Sunday, but that it is a mark of their authority.
I don’t believe that worshiping on Sunday is THE mark of the beast, as SDA’s proclaim, but it is ‘A’ mark of the beast, as Christians are following the teachings and commands of Rome, instead of the Word of God.
I observe the Sabbath. I don’t work. I rest in the Lord. I study, I pray, I partake in communion, I spend time with family and friends. It’s a day of rest that blesses me.
I don’t do it for salvation. I don’t do it because I’m part of some denomination. I don’t condemn others for not doing it. I do it out of love for my Messiah, and I am blessed to rest in Him.
The Bible declares that we are to observe Yahuah’s Holy Feast Days; but the enemy causes Christians to observe the pagan days of Easter and Christmas.
Christ followed the Torah commands to observe and celebrate the seven Holy Feast days, which were given to the Israelites for practice, as they pointed to a future fulfillment by the promised Messiah.
Many Christians think that they are just Jewish feast days, but they are Yahuah’s Holy Feast Days, which are for all of His followers.
Christ came to fulfill the Holy Feast Days, not to end them. Each feast day foreshadows a unique part of Christ’s redemption story.
The word “Feast” is translated from the Hebrew word “moed”, which means appointment. The first four spring feasts were fulfilled in exacting detail by Christ.
Passover pointed to the Messiah as our Passover lamb whose blood was shed for our sins. Jesus fulfilled this feast day, which we should still celebrate in honor of His sacrifice for us.
Unleavened Bread pointed to the Messiah’s sinless life (as leaven is a picture of sin in the Bible). Jesus fulfilled this feast day, which we should honor for His sinless life.
First Fruits pointed to the Messiah’s resurrection as the first fruits of the righteous. (1 Cor. 15:20) Jesus fulfilled this feast day when He rose again, which we should celebrate instead of the pagan Easter.
Pentecost represented God pouring out His Holy Spirit on Jesus disciples. Acts 2 describes the fulfillment of this feast day, which we should celebrate as He has given us the Advocate, the Spirit of Truth.
The last three fall feasts point to His return for His bride. Does it not make sense that Christians should know about them, observe them and celebrate them?
Trumpets represents Christ’s return for His bride, where trumpets are blown and the elect are taken up. We should celebrate this as we long for His return. We should look to this Holy Feast Day to be prepared for His return.
Atonement occurs ten days after the Feast of Trumpets, when Christ will judge His Church. We should solemnly observe this feast day to purify ourselves of sins and sinful ways, as we will stand before our righteous Judge some day.
Tabernacles occurs fifteen days after the Feast of Trumpets, when we celebrate the wedding feast. We should celebrate this day as a bride would long for her wedding day.
Many Christians proclaim that the Holy Feast Days of the Torah were nailed to the cross, so we don’t have to observe them.
But that is impossible, because the Feasts of First Fruits and Pentecost were fulfilled after Christ’s death on the cross. And there are still three more Feasts to be fulfilled.
The last three Holy Feast Days give us the context for His return, as we know which day of the year is the Feast of Trumpets. For more information, click on The Holy Feast Days Of God Deception
The evil one has caused the Roman Church to put aside God’s Holy Feast Days, and to cause people to celebrate pagan holidays instead.
In 325 A.D. the Roman Church at the Council of Nicea decided to separate the celebration of Easter from the Passover. They stated:
“For it is unbecoming beyond measure that on this holiest of festivals we should follow the customs of the Jews. Henceforth let us have nothing in common with this odious people…We ought not, therefore, to have anything in common with the Jews…our worship follows a…more convenient course…we desire dearest brethren, to separate ourselves from the detestable company of the Jews…How, then, could we follow these Jews, who are almost certainly blinded.”
They made it seem like they were Jewish festivals, instead of God’s Holy Feast Days, which helped them put them aside.
This tells us that the followers of Christ were still observing God’s Holy Feast Days.
In order for the Church of Rome to combine the pagan Roman festivals with Christianity, they had to put aside the Holy Feast Days of Yahyuah.
“The Catholic Church abolished not only the Sabbath, but all the other Jewish festival.” T. Enright, C.S.S.R., Bishop of Alphonsus church, St. Louis, MO June 1905
“Practically everything Protestants regard as essential or important they have received from the Catholic Church… The Protestant mind does not seem to realize that in accepting the Bible and observing the Sunday, in keeping Christmas and Easter, they are accepting the authority of the spokesman for the church, the Pope.” Our Sunday Visitor (February 5, 1950)
To learn more about God’s Holy Feast Days, read The Feast Of YHWH http://aletheia.consultronix.com/13.html
Bible scholars agree that Christ was born in the Fall; but Satan has caused Christians to celebrate His birth on a pagan holiday.
Of all of the days of the year to select to celebrate Christ’s birth, this is the one day that definitely should not have been chosen.
For 1,000’s of years, pagans have worshiped the rebirth of their sun god on 12/25.
They believe that the sun dies on the winter solstice, which occurs on 12/21, when the Sun is furthest away from the Earth and the days are the shortest.
They believe that the Sun is dead for three days, and then comes back to life on the 24th, and its rebirth is celebrated on the 25th.
The birthday of the Babylonian sun god of Tammuz, the Egyptian sun god Ra, the Greek sun god Helios/Zeus, and the Roman sun god Mithra, are all celebrated on 12/25.
December 25th is a day that is set aside for sun god worship.
In the 4th century Roman Emperor Constantine combined their pagan Roman beliefs with Christianity. By 529 A.D., after Christianity had become the official state religion of the Roman Empire, Emperor Justinian made Christmas a civic holiday.
The “christianity” of the Roman Empire was the foundation of the Roman Catholic Church, which still worships the pagan gods of Rome, including the sun god, as evidenced by the Egyptian Obelisk in the middle of St. Peter’s Square, which represents Ra the sun god.
Do you believe that Christ is honored by Christians celebrating His birth on a pagan holiday?
Christ said, “But in vain they do worship Me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men.” (Matt. 15:9).
Christ said, “Full well you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your own tradition.” (Mark 7:9).
Celebrating Christmas is not a command of God—it is a tradition of men. And every year, throughout the world, on December 25th, Christians do just that, they keep a vain tradition of pagan Rome!
The Holy Feast Day of Passover commemorates Christ’s death and First Fruits represents His resurrection; but Satan has caused Christians to celebrate Easter, the holiday of the pagan fertility goddess.
Eggs and rabbits represents the fertility goddess Ishtar (pronounced Easter), and they have nothing to do with Christ’s death and resurrection.
The forty days’ abstinence of Lent was directly borrowed from the worshipers of the Babylonian goddess Semiramus, to commemorate the death of her son Tammuz.
Tammuz, the reincarnation of the sun god – Nimrod, was killed in a hunting accident when he was gored to death by a wild boar in his 40th year.
The 40 days of Lent – or weeping for Tammuz, starts the Easter fertility season. The festivities culminate on Easter Sunday, when the priests of Easter slaughtered the “wild boar that killed Tammuz” and the entire congregation would eat “ham” on Easter Sunday.
God showed Ezekiel the abominations of the Jews, involving Tammuz;
“And He said to me, Turn again, and you will see greater abominations that they are doing. So He brought me to the door of the north gate of the LORD’s house; and to my dismay, women were sitting there weeping for Tammuz.” Ezekiel 8:14
Read more about the pagan holiday of Easter @ http://www.bibletruth.cc/Easter.htm
Read more about the Passover http://aletheia.consultronix.com/14.html
Are you knowing (mind) and obeying (hand) God’s commandments about His Holy Feast Days, which our Messiah is fulfilling?
Or are you believing and following the Roman beast’s teachings about Easter and Christmas?
Yahuah said to make no images for yourself; but Satan causes Christians to revere a cross.
Before the cross became the symbol of Christianity, it was a pagan sign dating back to the Babylonians.
In Babylon, Tammuz, the Sun god who was born from the immaculate conception of Nimrod’s dead body and Semiramus, was honored when the letter ‘T’ was marked on their citizens foreheads by the pagan priest.
Now relate that with the antichrist Roman Catholic Church putting a ‘T’ on Catholics foreheads on Ash Wednesday, and you know the Roman leaders are really worshiping.
The mystic Tau of the Chaldeans and Egyptians was marked in baptism on the foreheads of those initiated in the Mysteries, and was used in every variety of way as a most sacred symbol.
The Vestal virgins of Pagan Rome wore it suspended from their necklaces, as the nuns do now.
There is hardly a Pagan tribe where the cross has not been found. The cross was worshiped by the Pagan Celts long before the incarnation and death of Christ.
It was Roman Emperor Constantine, who combined the pagan Roman beliefs with Christianity, to create Roman Catholicism, who was told “In this sign you will conquer.”
What Satan was seeking to conquer was the True Church of Christ, which the Roman Catholic Church relentlessly sought to wipe out.
By creating a false Christian Church, Satan sought to destroy the True One.
So even though the cross represents how our Messiah died for our sins, it is a pagan symbol.
Do you really want to wear a symbol that is associated with the ancient Mystery Religion of Babylon, Egypt and Rome?
So let’s apply obeying the commands of God vs. obeying the commands of the antichrist, to the prophecies in Revelation.
The Mark of the beast in Revelation 14, 15 and 16 was fulfilled by people in France and Spain who revered the Pope and obeyed his commands to kill the saints.
There are two separate fulfillment’s of the mark of the beast in the Bible, this one in the 17th-18th centuries; and one that occurs in the last days.
France and Spain had many Catholics, including their kings, who worshiped the Pope, they bowed to his authority and they obeyed his commands.
France was called the Eldest Son of the Papal Church, because their leaders diligently followed the Pope’s orders.
France was split between Catholics and Protestants called the Huguenots, so the Pope caused the King of France to have his people make war with the Protestants.
At the St. Batholomew’s Day Massacre, they killed 10’s of thousands of Huguenots.
The persecution in France was so severe, that no Protestants were left, as a million of them had either been killed or they fled. The Spanish Inquisition killed 300,000 victims.
These martyrs are spoken of in Revelation 15:2 “And I saw as it were a sea of glass mingled with fire: and them that had gotten the victory over the beast, and over his image, and over his mark, and over the number of his name, stand on the sea of glass, having the harps of God.”
Because France, Spain and other countries bowed to the Popes authority and obeyed his commands to kill millions of Protestants, they had the mark of the beast on them, so our Lord poured out His wrath on them with the bowl judgments of Revelation 16.
They had the mark of the beast on them, not physically, but symbolically. Their worship of the Pope is the mark on their forehead. Their obedience of his commands is the mark on their hand. This tells us what the mark really means.
So we know that it is not some computer chip or tattoo, it was about following the commands of the antichrist Roman Pope.
Revelation 13, 19 and 20 refer to the end times Mark of the Beast, which will be enforced by the Jesuits of Rome.
The Jesuits control the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank of Settlements, the Federal Reserve Bank, and Central Banks in almost every country, and the major banks and financial companies.
In their New World Order, they will control the monetary system, to dictate who buys and sells.
“He was granted power to give breath to the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak and cause as many as would not worship the image of the beast to be killed.” Revelation 13:15
For those who refuse to bow to their authority, they will be cut off from the electronic monetary system and be killed.
“He causes all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their foreheads, and that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.” Revelation 13:16-17
If you obey their commands, then you are giving reverence and worship to the antichrist beast. And you will then be allowed to buy and sell.
Getting a RF-ID chip or tattoo is not going to condemn you.
You will be condemned for obeying the commands of the beast.
The ‘mark‘ of Yahuah is obeying His commandments. The ‘mark‘ of the antichrist beast is to obey their commands. Who are you marked for?
“Come out of her, my people, lest you share in her sins, and lest you receive of her plagues.“ Revelation 18:4
Related Study: Identifying Marks Of The Antichrist | <urn:uuid:c7e7df56-b1c7-4528-87ac-132d0ae97e98> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://christianitybeliefs.org/end-times-deceptions/the-mark-of-the-beast-and-the-mark-of-god/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00072-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964578 | 5,865 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Definitions for ibrahim bey
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word ibrahim bey
Ibrahim Bey was an Egyptian Mamluk chieftain of Georgian origin. Ibrahim Bey was born as Abram Sinjikashvili into the family of a Christian priest in Martqopi in the eastern Georgian province of Kakheti. As a child, he was captured by Ottoman slave raiders and sold out in Egypt where he was converted to Islam and trained as a Mamluk. Through loyal service to Muhammad Bey Abu l'Dhahab, the Mamluk ruler of Egypt, he rose in rank and attained to the dignity of bey. With time he emerged as one of the most influential Mamluk commanders, sharing a de facto control of Egypt with his fellow Georgian Murad Sinjikashvili Murad Bey he was born in the Tbilisi. The two men survived through the persistent Ottoman attempts at overthrowing the Mamluk regime and civil strifes. At the Battles of the Pyramids and the Heliopolis Ibrahim fought against Napoleon's armies, but was defeated on both occasions. These defeats effectively ended his reign over the country, and he died in obscurity in 1817, having survived Mohammad Ali Pasha's 1811 massacre of Mameluke leaders.
The Nuttall Encyclopedia
chief of the Mamelukes of Egypt at the time of Bonaparte's expedition to Egypt in 1798 (1789-1816).
The numerical value of ibrahim bey in Chaldean Numerology is: 6
The numerical value of ibrahim bey in Pythagorean Numerology is: 2
Images & Illustrations of ibrahim bey
Find a translation for the ibrahim bey definition in other languages:
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(ORDO NEWS) — NASA conducted an experiment, the results of which are somewhat disappointing. He did not disprove the theory about the presence of life on Mars in the past, but showed that people have been looking for it for so many years in the wrong place.
A lab experiment has shown that rovers need to drill holes at least two meters deep to find traces of life, as ionizing radiation from space rapidly destroys small molecules such as amino acids.
The trouble is that all the rover missions that have explored the Red Planet in the past and are doing so now are only able to drill a few centimeters and are therefore unable to find any signs of life.
– In their experiment, the scientists mixed different types of amino acids with quartz, silicon hydroxide, and perchlorate to mimic Martian soil.
– After that, the samples were placed in vacuum chambers.
– Some samples were at room temperature, others were cooled to -55 degrees Celsius familiar to Mars.
– They were all treated with different levels of gamma radiation to simulate doses of cosmic radiation.
Our results indicate that amino acids are degraded by cosmic rays on the Martian surface, rocks and regolith much faster than previously thought. Modern rover missions drill to a depth of two inches (about five centimeters).
At this depth, it would take only 20 million years to completely destroy an amino acid. Perchlorates and water increase the rate of destruction even more,
says the Goddard Space Flight Center.
20 million years in space terms is literally nothing, because probable Martian life could have existed billions of years ago.
On Earth, the dense atmosphere and magnetic field protect all life from the deadly cosmic radiation. In the distant past, they were also near Mars.
Moreover, today there is enough evidence that seas and rivers with liquid water existed on the surface of the planet. Therefore, there could be life, traces of which could be preserved through organic molecules.
Contact us: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:c9adc72c-390a-4169-a3b0-01255d9fa0da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ordonews.com/nasa-scientists-have-found-that-all-these-years-mankind-has-been-looking-for-life-on-mars-in-the-wrong-place/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.963437 | 427 | 3.921875 | 4 |
A few weeks ago, I took some surveys and received some Amazon gift certificates in return for my semi-random murmurs and reasonings. I did what any other geek might do – I bought stuff from Amazon with them – geek books. (Ok, not just geek books… just mostly geek books).
One of those geek books is Making Things Talk, by Tom Igoe. I have another book that Tom had a hand in writing: Physical Computing (He maintains a web site on the topic of physical computing as well).
If you’re interested in hooking up something physical to something virtual, get the book. In fact, get both of ’em. Making Things Talk walks you through all the steps of setting up basic electronic circuits to working with a wireless mesh network to communicate data about. And that’s what it is really focused on (just the like title says…) – communicating. Getting data in and out of other places.
It’s always semi-bothered me that computers really only talk to other computers, or maybe other “computer things”. All the coding that we’re doing are these simple to immensely complex structures – that don’t physically exist. The architecture and construction metaphors are reasonably appropriate and abound – but sometimes there’s not a whole hell of a lot physical to show for extended labors. I still don’t think my grandmother gets what I do… Thank god for the advent of the web (and that she uses it), or I’d never be able to halfway explain it.
But the Igoe books make that link. Making things talk is set up in a very “make” style of book – fairly explicit projects that walk you through the basics of using some “building block” style electronics and chips to make your stuff work. They’ll reference using micro-controllers like Arduino. That’s talking the Electronic Circuits I class I learned in college and pumping it up several levels to basically have something that is damn near plug-and-play for the electrical circuits world. (I will, forever, have the habit of ducking when plugging in my own electrical circuits from that class). The book doesn’t really dwell heavily on the micro-processors – it’s just a means to an end, and that end is a number of different communication setups from serial lines to wireless mesh networking with XBee radios.
The final chapter does a light-weight overview of identifying and finding things – talking about wiring up a GPS chip or reading RFID tags. The book leaves you just wanting to fiddle more and see what’s next in the lego-block world of electronics.
Where the book didn’t talk was “making things happen” – invoking motion or action in the physical world from the virtual. You’ve got to image that once you grok sending signals one way, it’s pretty possible to send them the other way too. That’s really where the other book (Physical Computing) ties in. It talks about a tad lower level – which you kind of need to hit in electronics. There’s not (yet?) plugin and play stepper motors or actuators that I’m aware of. But the Physical Computing book does a damn good job of laying out how and why, including specifics, of making exactly that kind of thing happen. It seems like a re-write of that kind of book – “make” style – would be an excellent successor to Making Things Talk: especially if there’s plug-and-play actuators available that I’m not aware of.
I had a light introduction to the Arduino setup at OSCON this past year – I attended Jon Oxer‘s talk/tutorial Hardware / Software Hacking: Joining the Real and the Virtual. I thought we were going to get some Arduino’s ourselves to play with, but it looks like that never really quite panned out… But anyway – it looks like Jon did a tech talk at Google that’s available online if you’re interested in seeing what he put together and how he was doing it. | <urn:uuid:244837e1-362a-40ab-bdfe-efafbf8770d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rhonabwy.com/2007/10/23/making-things-talk/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.940163 | 876 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Busted! Don’t Believe These Adaptive Driving Myths!
Custom vehicles and home modifications for persons with disabilities can empower them to drive and improve their quality of life. However, many misconceptions mislead clients into believing that adaptive driving is not a good idea.
So, to help you steer clear of these misconceptions, Access Options Inc. has debunked some of the most widely believed myths about adaptive driving.
Myth 1: I’m a quadriplegic. I can’t drive
It is a common misconception. There are quite a few options for persons with more involved disabilities to be able to get behind the wheel of a car. Some hand controls (devices that control brakes and gas with one hand) give the driver a mechanical advantage to push the pedals. These are relatively simple modifications.
Another option is electronic, which can be set up to operate the brakes and gas by controlling servo motors to apply the pedals. The electronic systems can also incorporate the steering to work the vehicle with a joystick just as one drives a power wheelchair. Besides, all secondary controls, including turn signals and horn, can be installed in an alternative way.
Myth 2: I can’t transfer into the driver seat, so I can’t drive
Another common misconception. We can tweak your vehicle so it can get driven from your wheelchair. Consequently, a power lock-down secures your wheelchair in the driving position so that no transfers are needed.
An alternative is a power transfer seat base, which mounts it on a platform that can electrically raise it, swivel it, or move it forward and back so the driver can easily slide straight across into the wheelchair.
Myth 3: I can’t use my arms, so I can’t drive
There are systems available that allow foot steering or an all-in-one system (joystick) to operate the vehicle with one foot. What you can’t do is irrelevant, as the only thing that matters is what you can accomplish.
If you’re looking to steer clear of these myths, reach out to Access Options Inc.
As the best retailer of auto accessibility products in California, we’re dedicated to increasing mobility for clients with disabilities by improving access in several areas.
We serve clients with quality products across San Mateo, Fremont, San Jose, Hayward, Palo Alto, Mountain View, Santa Cruz, and Watsonville, California.
Our products include wheelchair vans, scooter lifts, ramp systems, and mobility vans. For a complete list of our products, please click here. If you have any questions about Access Options Inc., we’d love to hear from you. Please contact us here. | <urn:uuid:b0246079-2e45-417e-81f1-c1a80f6e13b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.accessoptions.com/blogs/blog/568253-busted--don-t-believe-these-adaptive-driving-myths | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.933306 | 558 | 1.867188 | 2 |
The Fritz Pollard Alliance – a group dedicated to promoting equal opportunity practices in sports – blasted the NFL over hiring practices that have left the league with few minority coaches and managers.
The group’s chief, former NFL G.M. and league executive Rod Graves, called the league “shameful” for its exclusionary practices, NBC Sports’ Pro Football Talk reported.
“We were painfully reminded through this past hiring cycle that attaining diverse leadership in the NFL can only happen through the willful actions of the team owners and decision makers,” Graves’ statement reads. “True devotion to diversity starts with a recognition of the profound good that it can bring to the Game. It embraces a belief that the benefactors who contribute to the business of football should also share in the benefits. It embraces a core belief that the Game should be accessible at every level for those that possess the skills and who have the resources to meet their aspirations.
“The abysmal record of hiring people of color in high ranking levels of NFL management is a reminder of the dark periods of civil rights history,” the statement added. “In 100 years of professional football, the NFL has moved from Fritz Pollard as its first African-American Head Coach in 1921 to four Head Coaches of color in 2020. The League has only one African-American General Manager. There are no African-American club presidents.”
Players of color make up 70.1 percent of the league’s players, Graves says, but minority coaches only fill a third of the league’s assistant coaching staff and far less of its upper management.
Graves calls the statistics a “glass ceiling” for black coaching and managerial applicants.
“We are in a battle for social justice,” the group’s statement continues. “The current system of hiring and promoting talent into the upper levels of NFL management is a flawed system. We cannot expect fairness if business remains status quo. Our focus must shift from counting emblematic victories each year to calling for measurable initiatives that support sustainable progress.”
The Fritz Pollard Alliance ended by calling for the league and its owners to “develop specific diversity action plans to improve diversity in all aspects of management.”
The Alliance is an independent organization that works with the NFL to foster diversity in the league’s coaching, management, and office staff. The group is named after the NFL’s first black coach who made history in the 1920s.
Follow Warner Todd Huston on facebook.com/Warner.Todd.Huston. | <urn:uuid:2f6a24ad-a3f2-48d7-b03b-b00ad991c29e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fightsmackintheorphanage.org/sports/2020/01/14/equal-opportunity-group-blasts-nfls-abysmal-minority-hiring-record/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.947016 | 541 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Kenova United Methodist Church
The current sanctuary building was constructed in 1980 to accommodate the growing congregation.
The original 1896 sanctuary during the Flood of 1913.
The 1921 sanctuary that was used for over 80 years.
The sanctuary in the 1960s following the addition of a narthex (front lobby area).
The new 1980 sanctuary building with the 1921 building to the left.
In 2003 the 1921 sanctuary was demolished and replaced with a new educational wing.
Backstory and Context
The Kenova Methodist Church had its origins as a branch of the Ceredo Methodist Church. It was one of the earliest churches in Kenova; the town itself was established that same year. In 1896, the congregation built their first sanctuary, a small white frame building at Sixteenth and Sycamore Streets. Around 1911, the church building was moved to a new lot that had been purchased at Fifteenth and Poplar Streets. In 1921, the original building was demolished upon the completion of a new larger sanctuary.
In 1922, the Kenova Methodist Church South was organized. The South church is the result of a split between the national Methodist Church into northern and southern factions in the 1840s. During its short existence, the South church held services in a sanctuary on the 1600 block of Poplar Street. In 1940, it merged with the main Kenova Methodist Church following the reunification of the national Methodist Church a year prior. The South church building on Poplar was later used by the Kenova Church of God. In 1968, the Methodist church was renamed the Kenova United Methodist Church after the national church merged with the Evangelical United Brethren Church to form the United Methodist Church.
The church gradually expanded and eventually outgrew its building. In 1980, a new, large, brownstone structure was built at a cost of over $400,000. It included a larger sanctuary, a larger choir loft, two fellowship halls, a kitchen, and elevator. The original 1921 church sanctuary, standing adjacent to the new one, was converted into a small chapel and classrooms. This building was finally demolished in 2003 and replaced with a new educational center. The Kenova United Methodist Church is one of the larger congregations in the area, with an official membership of over 600.
The church runs a pre-school academy named The Training Station. The Training Station offers an affordable, safe Pre-School Academy for young children ages 2-4. The program focuses on the child's development and milestones, such as learning the alphabet.
The church is also involved in a variety of different functions in the community. Brenda Lions has been an active member of the Kenova United Methodist Church for over 30 years. Mrs. Lions and many other church members are involved in functions such as church dinners for the community every Wednesday night called SPLASH, outreach, missions, and works in disaster units. She also works in the nursery every Sunday. She explains how the church has changed from a small congregation with empty seats, to a church that now has around 200 plus people at the Sunday morning service. The Kenova United Methodist Church is one of the larger congregations in the Ceredo-Kenova area, with an official membership of over 600.
“1993 Centennial Directory of Kenova United Methodist Church.”
Maynard, Grey. “Condensed history of the KENOVA UNITED METHODIST CHURCH.” 2006. Accessed October 16, 2018. http://www.kenovaumc.com/history-of-the-church-2/history-of-the-church
McKeand, Florence C. “A Brief History of the Kenova United Methodist Church.” October 28, 1979.
Rosenberger, Bill. “Kenova United Methodist 120th anniversary is a testament to the people of the church.” Herald Dispatch. September 27, 2014. http://www.herald-dispatch.com/features_entertainment/kenova-united-methodist-th-anniversary-is-a-testament-to-the/article_ebf53bf1-8098-5924-8ec6-8c4351325be9.htmlKenova United Methodist Church. . Accessed December 09, 2018. http://www.kenovaumc.com/. | <urn:uuid:312488c8-cc03-41b4-889f-25d365d02808> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theclio.com/tour/1596/265/reverse | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.966431 | 906 | 2.265625 | 2 |
In its State of Cybersecurity 2018 research study just released, ISACA reveals that last year 62% of respondents experienced a ransomware attack, compared to 45% this year – a 17-point drop.
According to ISACA, the drop in ransomware attacks is likely because organisations are significantly better prepared after last year’s WannaCry and NotPetya attacks, with 82% of respondents saying that their enterprises now have ransomware strategies in place. In addition, 78% said they have a formal process in place – up 25 points from last year.
“While these findings are positive, the data show that ransomware attacks may have been displaced by cryptocurrency mining, which is becoming more frequent,” said ISACA.
“Additionally, the three most common attack vectors remain unchanged from last year – phishing, malware and social engineering.”
The research also shows that 50% of the 2366 security leaders surveyed have seen an increase in cyber attack volumes relative to last year and, in addition, 80% of respondents said they are likely, or very likely, to be attacked this year – a statistic that ISACA says remains unchanged from last year’s study.
According to ISACA, active defence strategies are highly effective, but underutilised.
The research also found that nearly 4 out of 10 respondents (39%) are not at all familiar or only slightly familiar with active defence strategies (e.g., honeypots and sinkholes), and of those who are familiar with active defence strategies, just over half are actually using them.
“This is a missed opportunity for security leaders and their organisations,” said Frank Downs, director of cyber security at ISACA.
“ISACA’s research indicates that active defence strategies are one of the most effective countermeasures to cyber attacks. A full 87% of those who use them indicate that they were successful.”
The ISACA report suggests enterprises must be better prepared with focused attention on several areas, and makes several recommendations, including:
- Investing in talent – With attacks still on the rise, enterprises must continue to invest in finding, retaining and training skilled cyber security professionals.
- Exploring further automation benefits – Enterprises should consider automation-driven strategies and tools for detection and to support recovery and response efforts.
- Ensuring appropriate investment in security controls – With attack vectors (phishing, malware and social engineering) minimally changing, existing control types are still valid and useful. Enterprise investment and attention to security controls should increase in line with the frequency of these attack vectors. | <urn:uuid:9019ef2f-9f67-43bc-88bb-6df5d1c3d21c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://itwire.com/business-it-news/security/ransomware-attacks-decline-in-face-of-cyberthreat-increases-isaca.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.959354 | 529 | 2.015625 | 2 |
[Haskell-cafe] Memoization in Haskell?
daniel.is.fischer at web.de
Fri Jul 9 07:17:13 EDT 2010
On Friday 09 July 2010 01:03:48, Luke Palmer wrote:
> On Thu, Jul 8, 2010 at 4:23 PM, Daniel Fischer <daniel.is.fischer at web.de>
> > On Friday 09 July 2010 00:10:24, Daniel Fischer wrote:
> >> You can also use a library (e.g.
> >> http://hackage.haskell.org/package/data- memocombinators) to do the
> >> memoisation for you.
> > Well, actualy, I think http://hackage.haskell.org/package/MemoTrie
> > would be the better choice for the moment, data-memocombinators
> > doesn't seem to offer the functionality we need out of the box.
> I'm interested to hear what functionality MemoTrie has that
> data-memocombinators does not. I wrote the latter in hopes that it
> would be strictly more powerful*.
It's probably my night-blindness, but I didn't see an immediate way to
memoise a simple function on a short look at the docs, like
memo :: (ConstraintOn a) => (a -> b) -> a -> b
, which Data.MemoTrie provides (together with memo2 and memo3, which data-
memocombinators provide too).
Taking a closer look at the docs in daylight, I see data-mc provides that
out of the box too, the stuff is just differently named (bool, char,
integral, ...) - which I didn't expect.
So you could take it as an indication that I'm visually impaired, or as an
indication that the docs aren't as obvious as they could be.
> * Actually MemoTrie wasn't around when I wrote that, but I meant the
> combinatory technique should be strictly more powerful than a
> typeclass technique. And data-memocombinators has many primitives, so
> I'm still curious.
More information about the Haskell-Cafe | <urn:uuid:4372b148-94e9-4d32-9111-d4eeee5e0e33> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://mail.haskell.org/pipermail/haskell-cafe/2010-July/080123.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00272-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931616 | 484 | 1.664063 | 2 |
By: Liu Lunhui and Qui Xuezhong
191 pages, 450 col photos, maps
Yunnan Province is known worldwide for its diverse vegetation, which includes about half the total higher plant species of China. This book, with 450 colour photographs, is systematically arranged by chapter and section according to the characteristics of composition, structure, and physiognomy of the different vegetation types.
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Wildlife, science and conservation since 1985 | <urn:uuid:a7e76f99-31e1-4dfd-a024-f80eac636683> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.nhbs.com/title/79171?title=vegetation-ecological-landscapes-of-yunnan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721008.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00118-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906414 | 135 | 2.34375 | 2 |
A picture of Vincent O'Leary, Acting President..., 1977
A picture of Vincent O'Leary, Acting President from 1977?1978 and President from 1978?July 31, 1990, listening to a speech being delivered by an unidentified gentleman. During O'Leary's administrations, the institution was named State University of New York at Albany from August 1962?fall 1986 and the University at Albany, SUNY starting in the fall of 1986 and continuing. There are crop marks on all sides of the photograph. In the top margin is written "3-A 62.5%;" in the right bottom margin is written "reduce to 29 picas" (between arrows); and in the left margin is written "reduce to 23 picas" (between arrows). | <urn:uuid:060d8ebb-73af-4998-a8e8-f34371507924> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archives.albany.edu/concern/images/5q47rw41d?locale=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.937971 | 157 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Illinois state government wastes hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars
Illinois spending is packed with waste. Nearly 200 examples of wasteful government spending in Illinois, totaling more than $354 million, is detailed in the “The 2012 Illinois Piglet Book,” a report compiled by the Illinois Policy Institute in a partnership with Washington, D.C.-based Citizens Against Government Waste. Each item highlights the decisions of politicians who...
Illinois spending is packed with waste.
Nearly 200 examples of wasteful government spending in Illinois, totaling more than $354 million, is detailed in the “The 2012 Illinois Piglet Book,” a report compiled by the Illinois Policy Institute in a partnership with Washington, D.C.-based Citizens Against Government Waste.
Each item highlights the decisions of politicians who have lost sight of the core services they were put in place to provide.
Piglet 2012 reveals that state and local governments paid for everything from $9,941 for “Speedy-the-Turtle” bobbleheads to $200,000 customized eco-friendly zip lines to a $2,261,009 cable TV bill for prison inmates to get their weekly fill of Seacrest and Snooki.
Other examples of waste come in the form of grants, subsidies and special tax treatment for businesses, along with handouts for nonprofits and associations.
The process of wasteful spending in Illinois is often described as a “shell game.” It’s nearly impossible to follow the money as it flows from consumers, entrepreneurs and businesses to government and then to politically favored recipients.
The shell game allows politicians to pick winners, leaving the losers to pick up the tab. Targeted spending of this sort distorts behavior, creates disincentives for entrepreneurship and fosters incentives for the special-interest class – buoyed by lobbyists – to seek government handouts.
When government officials waste the money they collect from hardworking Illinoisans, they disrespect the value of the taxpayers and their money.
Each dollar of waste feeds the growing culture of cronyism and satisfaction with failed governance in Illinois. The state’s current culture replaces essential government services with efforts to bring home special handouts and to build success from favors and backdoor deals. Unfortunately, politicians in Illinois don’t know how to set priorities.
The money they are wasting is real, the lost economic activity is real and the families in Illinois struggling to keep up with the state’s ever-increasing taxes are real. The waste means lost opportunities, wasted energy and foregone prosperity. The results sap liberty from the residents, entrepreneurs and communities that want to move this great state forward.
Some of the most outrageous examples of state and local wasteful spending in Illinois include:
- $5 million for the Illinois state fair
- $3.34 million for the Sparta World Shooting and Recreation Complex
- $2.26 million on cable TV for inmates
- $2.37 million for the construction of a 3-D downtown cinema in Granite City
- $1 million to the city of Chicago for electric vehicle charging infrastructure
- $750,000 on a new government shrubbery program
- $200,000 to Shawnee Bluffs Canopy Tour Inc. for the development of “eco-friendly customized zip lines”
- $124,720 to the Metropolitan Pier and Exposition Authority of Navy Pier to host the Lego Kid Fest Chicago at McCormick Place
- $75,000 to Chicago Football Classic Inc. for a three-day event that included the Chicago Football Classic game at Soldier Field
- $9,941 for Springfield Park District bobbleheads
- $20,489 to Swine-time Pig Racing in Rock Island County | <urn:uuid:36528da9-669c-4520-b70f-ceaebfc78ee0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.illinoispolicy.org/illinois-state-government-wastes-hundreds-of-millions-of-taxpayer-dollars/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.928459 | 766 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Hornfischer (Ship of Ghosts: The Story of the USS Houston, FDR’s Legendary Lost Cruiser, and the Epic Saga of Her Survivors, 2006, etc.) chronicles the World War II Pacific campaign to capture and hold Guadalcanal from the Japanese.
The battles were remarkable, and the author is at his best when he lets the story unfold on its own. The campaign began in August 1942 when 16,000 Marines were dispatched to capture a landing field the Japanese were constructing that would enable aircraft to control a radius of 500 strategic miles of the South Pacific. Loss of the airfield would expose the Navy to Japanese air attacks throughout the region; its capture would enable the Allies to protect the routes and, moreover, attack the Japanese entrenched in New Guinea. The Marines routed the Japanese, but the Navy, attacked at night by Japanese cruisers, lost four ships and withdrew. Afterward, between August and December, in a series of brutal naval engagements, the Japanese navy landed soldiers on Guadalcanal to retake the field and destroyed American and Australian aircraft carriers, cruisers and destroyers. However, the U.S. Navy shocked the Japanese with its own night attacks and the use of SG radar to sink Japanese battleships and surface craft of all kind, ultimately leading to the loss of nearly 40 Japanese ships and the death of more than half of all Japanese aviators who had participated in the attacks on Pearl Harbor. With painstaking research and an intimate sense of tragedy, Hornfischer relates how failed communications, erroneous orders, loss of nerve and unwillingness to trust radar led many American ships directly into the sights of Japanese arms. The outcome was in doubt until the Japanese withdrew in February 1943. The horror of the flagship San Francisco shelling its own fleet not once, but twice, and the abandonment of the crew of the torpedoed Juneau to die in shark-infested waters are among the wrenching tales that need few adjectives to engage readers. Unfortunately, the author often stretches and provides too many descriptors, intruding on a story that is riveting in its own right.
Sure to please military and WWII buffs, but may leave others unsatisfied. | <urn:uuid:8aab3614-f657-45b9-bad4-89ff351a98bc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/james-d-hornfischer/neptunes-inferno/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00064-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966654 | 441 | 2.375 | 2 |
Pieces of baked clay are commonly found on many archaeological sites, not only in Oklahoma but elsewhere. Very often such pieces of burned clay are hard to identify as they could come from fire hearths, clay floors, daub, or almost anywhere on the site where fire had baked the clay hard enough to survive over the years. It is common to refer to all pieces of baked clay as "daub" but this term should be used only for baked clay that was used as daub in the "wattle and daub" method of house construction.
In this wattle and daub method of construction the walls of the structure were formed of wood, sticks, vines, or various materials which provided the framework. This framework or "wattle" was then covered with clay or "daub" which formed the walls of the structure. Roofs were commonly grass thatch placed on top of a wooden framework of poles and cane. The roof structure was supported by interior roof posts or merely rested on the wattle and daub walls.
This construction was common in Oklahoma with upright wooden posts placed a few inches apart providing the reinforcement for a wattle type of wall. This wall was then coated with daub to form a satisfactory wall. The use of daub was somewhat analogous to the chinking that is done in log cabin construction. Daub, consequently, should show the impressions of the wattle in order to be certain that it was used for this purpose.
Two general kinds of daub are found on sites in Oklahoma (Figure 44). The earliest type is chiefly clay and displays stick or cane impressions; some plant material, small stones, or other debris may be included. The impressions are from 10 mm to 25 mm in diameter and are most commonly from cane as the joint section is often imprinted in the daub. From impressions on daub specimens, it appears that the canes were placed close together, probably touching each other, and served to support the clay daub which was packed around them in the wall. This cane or stick impressed daub is typical of the early Caddoan village sites in the Arkansas valley.
The later type of daub is marked by the abundance of grass stem impressions present in the clay. The grass stems lie parallel to each other giving the impression that the daub was built up by placing a layer of grass, covering it over with clay, and then repeating this process over and over again to form the wall. Although wattle impressions sometimes occur, the methods of handling the clay daub appear to be different from earlier times. The grass impressed daub appears to be more typical of late Caddoan times.
The presence of daub indicates the former existence of a house or structure of some type and is a useful clue in surveyor site assessment. | <urn:uuid:806966f3-f775-41f5-b3b5-15d50e236e89> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ou.edu/cas/archsur/OKArtifacts/daub.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976945 | 568 | 3.796875 | 4 |
By Dr. Mercola
At some point between June 6 and June 13, an estimated 751-842 scientists and staff members at a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) biolab were exposed to live anthrax.
The live pathogen had been sent from another, higher-security facility, which failed to follow biosafety protocols. According to one report:3
"The exposure incident is unprecedented in the history of American research on bioweapons and other deadly pathogens, prompting alarm among researchers who have already warned about the consequences of lax laboratory oversight globally.
Scientists in and out of the CDC say the process of handling such bacteria and viruses must be improved."
While unprecedented in terms of the number of people exposed, this isn't the first time this kind of potentially lethal blunder has occurred with live anthrax in the US. Also, it's not unprecedented in global terms.
In the 1979 Sverdlovsk incident, 94 Russians were exposed to anthrax through an accidental release, and 64 of them died. Incidents such as these really raise questions about mankind's ability to contain the lethal microorganisms being studied (and created) in labs around the world.
In this case, the anthrax sample was supposed to have been inactivated prior to transfer, but for a variety of reasons it wasn't dead on arrival.
The director of the CDC's Bioterror Rapid Response and Advanced Technology Laboratory, Michael Farrell, has since been reassigned,4 and two Congressional committees are monitoring the situation to determine whether public hearings are warranted.
Natural Pandemics versus Accidental Releases of Bioweapons
All affected personnel are being treated with potent antibiotics and some have also taken an anthrax vaccine to fend off the lethal infection. But as noted by Scientific American,5 the issues here go beyond figuring out why safety procedures weren't followed in this particular incident.
"[W]hich is the more likely threat to public safety—a series of accidental releases of deadly organisms from the high-level biodefense labs that have proliferated in the wake of the anthrax attacks of 2001 or a single, but much bigger, intentional release by an actual terrorist network?" Scientific American asks.
Indeed, while the fear of a mutated virus turning into a pandemic is flouted virtually every year to some degree, a far greater concern appears to be the potential for an engineered bioweapon somehow escaping the confines of our top level bioterror labs.6, 7
The latest failure to follow safety procedures again highlights the fact that seemingly unbelievable errors can and do occur, despite all promises to the contrary. Part of the problem appears to be that most of the safety protocols center around technology and equipment, while the human factor is overlooked.
Smallpox Found in Unapproved Lab
More recently, an even more disconcerting event took place that really raises questions about what pathogens we have, and exactly where they're being kept.
It's nice to think that all the vials of deadly microorganisms are all accounted for and safely locked away in high security labs, but we keep learning that reality does not conform to such cozy notions.
On July 8, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced that vials containing the smallpox virus had been discovered in a Maryland lab—a lab that was neither approved nor equipped to handle live pathogens. As reported by Gizmodo8
"Only two labs in the entire world are legally permitted to handle the stuff: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Atlanta headquarters and the VECTOR Institute in Russia. In other words, not the NIH's Bethesda, Maryland campus.
While it's currently unclear how long these deadly smallpox vials (which violate at 35-year-old international agreement) have been hiding out, according to CDC spokesman Tom Skinner, the boxes holding them may date back to the 1950s."
Maximum Level Safety Appears Increasingly Difficult to Maintain
During an October 2007 congressional hearing, Keith Rhodes, the chief technologist at the Government Accountability Office (GAO) stated that we're at greater risk of an infectious disease epidemic today than ever before, because of increases in the number of biolabs around the world, combined with a lack of oversight.
A 2008 Scientific American article9 also quotes Rutgers University microbiologist Richard Ebright as saying there's been a "20- to 30-fold increase in the number of institutions and individuals with access to live, virulent bioweapons agents" after the 2001 incident where letters containing anthrax killed five Americans.
At that point, in 2008, an estimated 15,000 people at 400 institutions had access to live, lethal agents! In response to the latest anthrax exposure, Ebright stated10 that: "The lapse is not an isolated incident, but instead is part of a continuing pattern of biosafety and biosecurity problems at the CDC." As noted in the featured article,11 intentional and/or unintentional releases of deadly agents from high security laboratories have proven far more deadly, not to mention far more frequent, than any organized terrorist attack using bioweapons...
History Shows Biolabs Pose Great Risks to Public Safety
The following is a listing of a few of these deadly biolab mistakes that have occurred over the years. Even more accidental releases are listed on Kenneth Ring's website Germs Gone Wild.12 A 2008 article in The Observer13 also raises questions about the logic of the locations of some of these labs. For example, a high containment biolab in Galveston, Texas is located in a hurricane flood zone, making the risk of accidental release a more or less annual concern!
|In 1971, a former Soviet biological weapons testing facility released a deadly strain of hemorrhagic smallpox—allegedly during an open-air test. Hundreds were quarantined, 50,000 people were vaccinated, and three people died.14
|In 1978, a University of Birmingham laboratory inadvertently released the smallpox virus, which ended up killing a British medical photographer.15
|In 1979 there was an "accidental atmospheric release" of anthrax in Sverdlovsk, Russia,16 which killed 64 of the 94 infected individuals.17
|During the mid-1980s, Bayer sold millions of dollars worth of an injectable blood-clotting medicine to Asian, Latin American, and some European countries, knowing it was tainted with the AIDS virus. This is yet another example of how deadly pathogens can make their way out of the lab, and into the human population. .
|In 2001, US Army biodefense scientist Bruce Ivins allegedly mailed letters containing a live research strain of anthrax from the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) in Fort Detrick, Maryland. Shortly thereafter, he committed suicide. Five people died from the exposure. It was the Army's most virulent (Ames) strain.
|In 2004, a lab in Maryland accidentally sent live anthrax to a California children's hospital. The CDC investigated the incident and created recommendations designed to make sure something like this would never happen again, yet the near-identical chain of mistakes and protocol failures just occurred at their own facility.18
|In 2009, Baxter accidentally sent vaccines contaminated with live and deadly avian (bird) flu to a research facility in Europe. The mistake originated in a Baxter plant operating under Bio Safety Level 3 (BSL3) status -- meaning that high-level precautions are supposed to be in place to make sure an accident like this never happens. The company blamed the incident on human error, again demonstrating that, apparently, it takes just one absent-minded dingbat to circumvent the highest level biosafety system currently in existence.
|In 2012, it was discovered that the bioterror germ lab at the CDC in Atlanta (the same building where the latest anthrax safety breach occurred) has had repeated problems with airflow systems designed to help prevent the release of infectious agents such as anthrax, dangerous strains of influenza, the SARS coronavirus, and monkeypox.
Air from a research lab in one of the Biosafety Level 3 buildings was being vented into a so-called "clean" area, where visitors are not required to wear protective gear. While no one was infected, the problems were major violations of laboratory operating standards.19, 20
|Also in 2012, a vaccine researcher at the Northern California Institute for Research died shortly after being infected with the Neisseria meningitides bacteria at work. He was working on a vaccine against the pathogen, and according to the site chief was following required precautions for working with the deadly pathogens.21
Multiple Protocol Breaches Found at US Federal Bioterror Labs
According to a recent report by Reuters,22 the latest anthrax release was the result of multiple protocol breaches. First of all, the anthrax researchers waited only half the time required to ensure the pathogen had been inactivated before sending it out. Protocols call for samples to be incubated for 48 hours to be sure anthrax spores are entirely inactivated, but the batch was checked after only 24 hours of incubation.
Moreover, the exact same mistake occurred in the 2004 anthrax release, when live pathogen was sent to a California children's hospital. At the time, the CDC recommended that labs wait several days to confirm that the pathogen is in fact dead, before shipping it out to lower-security facilities. It also recommended that the receiving lab should treat samples as live until confirmed dead. When asked why the CDC didn't follow its own recommendations, thereby allowing for a second, virtually identical anthrax release, CDC biosafety officer, Dr Paul Meechan, said it was "a great question," to which he doesn't have a good answer...
Another safety breach relates to the way the pathogen was inactivated. The researchers used a newer method involving chemicals rather than radiation. This method, it turns out, may not have been properly tested and validated as an effective method of inactivation.
Two investigations are currently underway to determine exactly what happened, and how to tighten safety protocols at labs working with highly infectious and lethal pathogens. The CDC is conducting its own internal investigation, and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) is also looking into the breach. A 2012 USDA audit23 had already raised red flags. Even earlier reports have been equally critical. As reported by Reuters:24
"The Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, CDC's parent agency, in reports released in 2008 and 2010, documented a long list of issues. CDC labs working with the most dangerous agents did not always ensure the physical security of the pathogens or restrict access to them, and did not always ensure that personnel received required training."
Changes Are Sorely Needed
These biosafety problems, and their inherently devastating risks to public health, have been noted worldwide. At present, 24 European countries have embraced a new set of biorisk management standards, which are also backed by the World Health Organization (WHO). These biorisk management standards will likely be adopted by the International Organization for Standardization, which could lessen the risks associated with these research facilities. But can management standards ever completely eradicate the risks posed by research into biological weapons?
As I mentioned at the outset, each year we're warned of potential new pandemics—mutated viruses and bacteria that might kill off large portions of the population. Vaccines are the standard answer, and many of the most deadly pathogens in biolabs around the world are kept for vaccine development.
The conundrum here is that vaccine development itself is a potential source of a deadly outbreak. The industry would like you to believe that drugs and vaccines are created under pristine conditions and that nothing can go wrong. But they certainly do go wrong from time to time, and sometimes companies don't even bother to correct their mistakes, for fear it might eat up their profits! Crazy as it may sound, Bayer's selling of AIDS tainted blood-clotting medicine is just one of several examples of potentially lethal contaminations.
In general, I believe we need to consider the financial motives behind the promotion of pandemics and the vaccines that go along with them. From a personal perspective, it's vital for you to carefully research ALL sides of any vaccine issue and not merely trust federal public health authorities, most physicians, and the media, as they are largely influenced by massive conflicts of interest and collusion. Seek independent and objective views like those at NVIC25 before you make any important decisions about deciding to vaccinate.
That said, the latest anthrax exposure clearly suggests that blindly accepting safety assurances is a foolhardy proposition. "Trust and verify" would be a far better approach. In the case of bioterror lab safety, the question is who is actually doing the verifying? | <urn:uuid:62ad5025-90e9-43c5-b4b6-427808861ba1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2014/07/09/anthrax-exposure.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00029-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961024 | 2,624 | 3.0625 | 3 |
I used soft body acrylic paints instead of heavy body acrylic paints for this demo. Both types are good for creating oil-like paintings; I chose soft body acrylic paints just to push my limits. I wanted to try something new and see how far they can take me toward my goal.
Acrylic painting demonstration Step 1:
I sketch the still life with a charcoal pencil first. Then, I take a big flat brush to cover the major masses. I aim for shadows first and give them one or two coats. Then, I move on to the light side of the cheese. Notice that every color note is flat at this point. Since I'm using soft body acrylics, the paints are thin enough, and there is no need to add gloss medium.
Acrylic painting demonstration Step 2:
I add more colors into the light areas, painting wet into wet. I have to use several layers of thick dark paint for the background, because the soft body acrylics do not have much covering power. With each layer of shadow, I add a little gloss medium. The color of the background gets darker and richer as more layers are overlapped. I scumble a bit of chalky lighter color into the background, just as a test. It's too chalky, and too light (or opaque) for the background, too. I will wait to fix it later.
Acrylic painting demonstration Step 3:
I model the various tones by adding different shades into each plane, applying it, wet into wet, in a painterly fashion. To keep the edges soft, I use my finger to rub where the fresh paint and the old paint meet.
Acrylic painting demonstration Step 4:
I glaze additional darker tones over the all the shadows using the gloss glazing medium. I also add a darker and less chalky layer over the section to the right of the cheese chunk to correct its value and also the color. I immediately rub my finger over the edges so I won't leave the edges sharp.
Acrylic painting demonstration Step 5:
I modify the tones on the side plane of the cheese. Because the colors contain more titanium white and are naturally more opaque, I use the glazing medium in them to dilute them a bit.
Acrylic painting demonstration Step 6:
I continue to vary the tones in different planes to heighten interest. The necessary details show up naturally once the tones are correct on the cheese cutter and the cheese. I add more glazes into the background using plenty of glazing medium for subtle and smooth transitions.
Acrylic painting demonstration Step 7:
When the painting has set for another 24 hours, I will varnish it with gloss varnish medium. It will look more like an oil painting once the varnish is applied.
For this demonstration, I used basic acrylic painting techniques: wet into wet, dry brushing, glazes, and rubbing. I use a gloss glazing medium to dilute the dark colors, or make chalky color look less opaque.
I refrained from diluting the paint with water after the first stage. Thinning acrylic paints with water tends to weaken the intensity of the color.
The drying time of acrylics can be maddeningly short, when you want a smooth blending.
Fortunately I own a
Masterson Sta-Wet Palette which keeps my paint moist for extended periods.
The gloss glazing medium also slows down the drying and gives me more time to blend.
I also clean my brushes immediately after each use. I don't like it when I forget and end up ruining a good brush.
Working with acrylics is definitely less relaxing than painting with oils because of the rapid drying time, but with practice, it is manageable. If you want to have more flexibility, then you can use a retarder medium which slows the drying process.
One last thing – always clean your brushes immediately, and have fun playing with acrylics!
Explore Drawing And Painting > Acrylics > Acrylics Demonstration | <urn:uuid:8961910c-7de0-455c-83a2-b5fe29752fc8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.explore-drawing-and-painting.com/acrylic-painting-demonstration.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00236-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92226 | 822 | 1.53125 | 2 |
In this tutorial, we'll take a closer look at the role of assessment in Competency-Based Education. We'll begin with a brief review of Understanding by Design. Because understanding by Design is an instructional design approach that is actually highly compatible with CBE, and therefore it's often used in various CBE approaches.
So after discussing the role of assessment in UBD, we'll then be able to discuss assessment's role in Competency-Based Education. And finally, we'll look at a specific example. Let's get started.
Let's begin by looking at the role of assessment in the Understanding by Design instructional design process. Recall that Understanding by Design is a backwards design process. That is, we begin the instructional design process by looking at what we want to have accomplished by the end of the instructional period.
So Understanding by Design, stage one is to identify the desired results or outcomes. This is where you list the specific competencies that you want students to demonstrate mastery of by the end of the period of instruction.
UBD, stage two is where you determine the acceptable evidence. This is where you either select or develop the particular assessments closely aligned to those identify competencies that are going to serve as accurate instruments to measure the student's mastery of those competencies.
And finally, in UBD stage three, you would then develop the learning plan that will lead students to those intended results. So in UBD, assessment is designed before you even start thinking about the specific learning experiences that students will have. This definitely is in line with a CBE approach, because the emphasis is placed on the student's demonstration of competency through the intended assessments. And this ensures that your instruction is going to support the student's achievement of those competencies.
So let's now look at the overall role of assessment in Competency-Based Education. There are several different elements of a CBE program that are supported by assessment. First, in CBE, assessments are evaluated using specific criteria, and these criteria need to be communicated clearly to the students.
So each assessment has some predetermined criteria or standards that are aligned with the competencies, and student's performance on the assessment is then compared against these predetermined standards. Not only does this ensure that mastery of the competencies is being evaluated consistently, but it also helps us to provide feedback to students that will help them to improve their performance when necessary.
And the clear communication of those criteria, not just to teachers but also to students, make sure that everyone is on the same page. Everyone, teachers and students alike, understands what exactly is going to be required in order for students to demonstrate their mastery of the competencies, and this helps to eliminate any potential confusion.
Next, throughout the entire process of Competency-Based Education, students need to be provided with exercises that are going to promote their mastery of the competencies and at the same time are going to document their progress. Digital or technology tools can be a big help here, as there are many different technology options that are designed for just this purpose, for providing students with that observable system of these exercises and then documenting student's progress towards mastery of the competencies.
This technology will also create and store students' skill records that helps us to further track their mastery of those competencies. So if you are approaching CBE without the use of this technology, these skill records need to be maintained in some other fashion.
It's important to note that these records need to not only reflect the competencies that students have mastered, but also it needs to be made clear which competencies students still have not achieved mastery of.
Another important element of the entire teaching and learning process in CBE is the cycle of continuous assessment and feedback. This helps students and teachers to track student progress towards that mastery of the competencies. And finally, all of the assessment data needs to be made available, not just to teachers, but also to students.
When students have access to the information about their performance on the various assessments, this helps them to reflect on their own progress and also to set goals for what they still need to accomplish in the future.
So let's look at an example approach to assessment in Competency-Based Education and see how it stacks up against all of these various criteria. I have experience in my classroom implementing a technology-based approach to Competency-Based Education. The first step in the implementation of this particular software is to administer a pre-test to all students that determines their initial levels of mastery.
And then instructional modules are actually automatically assigned to students by the software based on the results of the pre-test. So students work through each instructional module which includes multiple parts, including an interactive tutorial, some practice exercises, and sometimes additional activities, as well.
And then each instructional module concludes with a mastery test. Students have to receive a preset score on the mastery test in order to achieve mastery of that skill or competency. I, as the teacher, can adjust the required score on the mastery test if I want to do that. Throughout this software, student progress in both the instructional modules and on the mastery tests is documented in great detail, including the amount of time that students are spending on each instructional activity and on each mastery test.
And so I, as the teacher, can easily track student progress using a variety of reports. Here were the criteria for CBE assessment activities that we just talked about a few minutes ago. Let's see whether my technology-based approach to CBE meets all of these criteria.
First, did this approach to assessment in CBE is definitely criterion-referenced. the specific criteria are actually pre-programmed into the software, and I, as the teacher, can modify them to some degree if I wish to do so. The software does indeed provide a set of observable and proactive exercises to students as they work towards mastery of the competencies.
And there definitely is a continuous assessment and feedback cycle. Students get their result automatically and I can see their results in real-time. This immediate feedback from the assessments helps students to know when they need to ask for additional help. And it also helps me to track their data and offer that help proactively sometimes, when necessary.
The software automatically tracks skill mastery records for all individual students. So I can view those records by individual student or in larger groups if I want to. So I can see the results for an entire class, for example.
The skill mastery criteria are communicated clearly to students. They know exactly what score they need to get on the mastery tests in order to have proven their mastery of that competency. If I had to identify one area that is lacking, however, it would be this particular element. Students know they have to attain a particular score on the mastery test.
But all mastery tests have the same number of questions and students have to get the same score every time in order to demonstrate mastery, which doesn't necessarily reflect the fact that some skills may be more difficult than others. Or some may contain more individual elements than others.
So if I could, I would possibly modify this in order to reflect, maybe, respective difficulties of the different skills, or other elements that come into play. Let's check the last element here. Students have access to their data. This definitely is the case within this software. Not only can I pull up records and run reports on student performance data, but students also have easy access to their data so that they can see how they're progressing along their own individual learning paths.
So here's a chance for you to stop and reflect. If you are already implementing elements of CBE in your classroom, do your assessment methods match up to the criteria that we shared in this tutorial? If you are not yet implementing CBE but I'm thinking of doing so, how might you design assessment activities that are aligned with these criteria?
For more information on how to apply what you learned in this video, please view the additional resources section that accompanies this video presentation. The additional resources section includes hyperlinks useful for applications of the course material, including a brief description of each resource. Thanks for watching. Have a great day.
(00:00 - 00:29) Introduction
(00:30 - 01:49) Assessment in UbD
(01:50 - 04:14) Assessment in CBE
(04:15 - 07:41) Example
(07:42 - 08:20) Stop and Reflect
Prior Learning Assessment & Competency-Based Education
This article by Kristen Vogt explore the importance of prior learning and knowledge in the assessment process in CBE. Vogt explores and explains PLA, the prior learning assessment now being given by CBE institutes before beginning instruction.
Performance Assessment: GRASPS
This handout walks the teacher through the design of performance tasks following the GRASPS model in UbD. | <urn:uuid:8f0a3597-9225-4721-a523-f48fd6a21a6d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.sophia.org/tutorials/the-role-of-assessment-in-cbe-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00039-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960844 | 1,815 | 3.296875 | 3 |
NHTSA expected to mandate black boxes in all cars next month
Now, before you get all "Screw the Gubment!" in the comments, you should know that many modern cars already have black box systems installed – you might have one and not even know it. General Motors, for instance, has been installed the electronic data recorders since the 1990s, on almost all vehicles fitted with airbags.
The concern for most drivers, however, lies with what type of information is captured, and who has access to it. Also, different automakers use different Electronic Data Recorder devices. A black box standard needs to be developed, which would allow for the data retrieved from an EDR to be consistent regardless of the vehicle make it's pulled from.
Some view this mandate as an invasion of motorists' privacy. However, the data recovered from the black box systems can provide crucial insight into crash dynamics. Exactly who's allowed to view that information varies by state, of course, and only 13 states currently have legislation in place regulating the release of EDR data.
What do you think, is this a good idea, or a bad one? Have your say in Comments.
- Most and least efficient car companies
- Fastest-depreciating cars in the United States
- Find and compare 2017 Models | <urn:uuid:6c3d284c-d4e9-4c7c-bff8-0f3585a09b41> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.autoblog.com/2011/05/24/nhtsa-expected-to-mandate-black-boxes-in-all-cars-next-month/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00511-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957463 | 268 | 1.875 | 2 |
DOG ORDINANCE: Waterloo Targets Pit Bulls
The Waterloo City Council is looking into a proposed dog ordinance Wednesday evening targeting pit bulls.
It comes after two people were attacked by dogs in Waterloo last week.
After a three hour surgery and a hospital stay, 65-year-old Vivien Brookman is recovering at home after three dogs attacked her last week.
Brookman was out for her morning walk with she says three dogs surrounded her and started biting her.
She suffered 200 bites but she isn’t blaming the dogs. She says the owner needs to be more responsible.
Brookman is a dog owner herself and says she is against the proposal and hopes the owner of the dogs gets punished instead.
“You could have done more and you didn’t do anything,” Brookman said. “He should be held responsible, not the dogs. The dogs did what they were trained to do. If you have been trained to fight or attack, it would have never.”
The proposed ordinance would require every pitbull in town to have a special license to be in city limits.
All the dogs must be spayed or neutered and they must be up-to-date on rabies vaccinations and micro-chipped.
A two pitbull per owner limit is also being considered. | <urn:uuid:c45a0937-761d-453d-91e6-dec9866bca34> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://whotv.com/2013/09/04/dog-ordinance-waterloo-targets-pit-bulls/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00180-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981659 | 276 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Readers want their puzzles and mysteries to be complicated. They want everything else to be organized simply. The following tips will help make your writing easier to understand. No tip is as important as producing clear and easy reading at the 10th grade level and below, so bend a writing rule if it makes the writing easier to understand.
Put things into a simple order.
It is usually easiest for the reader if what matters most comes first. Say it. Then support or explain it. This applies to a whole paper, to each paragraph, and to most sentences. Get to the point. Ask yourself, "Why should they read this? What is most important?" Put that first. Well . . . once in a while you might put it last. But, never bury it in the middle.
Cover what matters to the readers.
Think about who, what, when, where, why, how, and how much. Whenever it fits, follow a policy model. State the issue. Recommend a decision or action. Describe options, pros, cons, and costs. In all cases, consider negatives, too. It may help a reader understand if you explain why not as well as why.
Make it no longer than just long enough.
How do you keep from writing a book when a paragraph would do? One method is to build up until you cover things thoroughly. Then think about your purpose and your audience and start tearing down. You can cut away the fat, yet see that bone, muscle and skin remain. By the way, when you write to just one person, one page of text should be enough.
Create a clear and simple layout.
If you write more than two pages, even a memo, lay it out as more than a string of paragraphs. Use bullets, numbers, or headings to help readers find the way. Keep layouts simple and consistent. Preserve white space. (Zoom out to a 10 or 25 percent view to judge your white space.) When you want your reader to do something, ask for it clearly and directly. Don’t bury a request in the middle of a paper or paragraph.
Make requests stand out.
When you want your reader to do something, ask for it clearly and directly. Don’t bury a request in the middle of a paper or paragraph.
It can demean a reader if simple instructions include scolding terms like always, in no case, never, all, or not one. Underlining, bolding, or italicizing the don'ts can have the same ill-effect. It is like shouting.
Be politically correct.
This means to be polite to people you cannot see and do not know. You would never insult a stranger to his face. Avoid doing it in writing.
Use first and second person.
In 1890, third person was required for business writing. By the 1940s, stuffy was becoming passé. Now you may write you and me.
Talk to yourself.
When the writing gets confusing or vague, say to yourself, "What I really mean is __." This can help pull the idea from your mind that didn’t seem to get to your paper.
As you read what you wrote, ask yourself, "So?" or, "So what?" or, "What’s the point?" This can reveal sentences with no point or purpose. Take them out or re-write them. It may also point you toward what you are leaving out. | <urn:uuid:0943d1cc-a671-4fb5-b5dd-47527cc2ab56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oregon.gov/das/Pages/writingforeasyreading.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.952785 | 720 | 3.890625 | 4 |
Amazon goes to Britain to test drone deliveries
July 26, 2016 09:17 AM
(Bloomberg)—Amazon Inc. and the British government have announced a partnership to test the e-commerce giant’s aerial drone parcel delivery technology.
Supervised by the United Kingdom’s aviation safety regulator, the Civil Aviation Authority, the trial will test the drones when they are out of sight from operators, measure their ability to identify and avoid obstacles and gauge the success of operators flying multiple drones at once, Amazon said in a statement Tuesday.
“We want to enable the innovation that arises from the development of drone technology by safely integrating drones into the overall aviation system,” Tim Johnson, policy director at the CAA, said in the statement. “These tests by Amazon will help inform our policy and future approach.”
Lior Yekoutieli, head of Global Technology Alliances at Deloitte Israel, said Amazon’s collaboration with the U.K. was necessary to get commercial drone technology off the ground. “The U.K. is gaining short-term advantage, but this agreement will have benefits for the worldwide drone delivery market,” Yekoutieli said. “There needed to be collaboration between a technology company and regulator to make it all happen.”
Amazon, which is trying to reduce its dependence on logistics companies such as UPS and FedEx Corp., applauded the U.K. for allowing drone delivery to move forward. “The U.K. is charting a path forward for drone technology that will benefit customers, industry and society,” said Paul Misener, Amazon’s vice president of global innovation policy and communications.
Amazon’s partnership with the U.K. comes one month after the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Aviation Administration finalized the first operational rules for commercial use of drones that require pilots to keep the unmanned aircraft within line of sight.
In April, a U.K. government official criticized Amazon, No. 1 in the Internet Retailer 2016 Top 500 Guide, for not providing guidance about the safe operation of drones to customers. The company responded by saying such information was included on its website. Also that month, a British Airways pilot landing at London’s Heathrow airport reported a drone had struck the airplane, an incident that hasn’t been confirmed, although a number of near-misses in 2015 were acknowledged. | <urn:uuid:8959281d-face-4349-97ab-ab811706b2c5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.top500guide.com/amazon-goes-britain-test-drone-deliveries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00560-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942591 | 504 | 1.859375 | 2 |
MADISON, Wis. - The Wisconsin Assembly has passed a constitutional amendment designed to prevent lawmakers from raiding money from the state transportation fund to pay for other items.
It passed the Assembly on a bipartisan 82-13 vote.
If it clears the Senate again this session, it would then go to voters for their consideration in the November 2014 election.
Under the Republican-authored amendment, any money the state collects through the gas tax, fees imposed on driver's licenses and titling vehicles must be deposited in the transportation fund. Once in the fund, the money could not be used for any program that isn't run by the state Department of Transportation.
Former Democratic Gov. Jim Doyle diverted $1.3 billion from the fund to pay for schools and other expenses.
- 2 teenagers chased by police die in car crash in Milwaukee
- Four displaced in west side apartment fire
- 'Peaceful' protests, candlelight vigil held in Madison over Trump inauguration
- Wisconsin Supreme Court orders John Doe documents released
- Classes teach Madisonians how to keep backyard bees
- Judge orders suspended UW student to face trial | <urn:uuid:2dc6fddb-510d-4e64-b9b9-95a25b667c3f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.channel3000.com/news/local-news/assembly-votes-to-protect-transportation-fund/161926780 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00114-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930911 | 226 | 1.960938 | 2 |
How to Eat Custard Apple & Health Benefits
Custard apples are small sweet fruit that can be bought at many food stores. They’re filled with nutrients and vitamins, and considered one of the healthiest foods a person can eat. Though many people around the world eat custard apples, many don’t quite realize the health benefits associated with these tiny fruits.
How to Eat Custard Apple
The best way to eat a custard apple is to cut the fruit in half and scoop out the moist, fleshy inside. The inside of the fruit should be white, and should smell sweet. The easiest way to tell whether or not the fruit is ripe is to look at the skin—if it’s green, you should be good to go. If it’s purple or black, then it’s gone beyond the time when you should eat it. The fruit can be eaten plain, or added to a fruit salad for some mixed flavors.
Health Benefits :
Some benefits of adding the custard apple to your diet include :
1) Healthier skin –Studies have proven that by adding custard apples into your diet, you will see a noticeable change in your skin. Many people have reported that they experience fewer break outs and even notice a natural glow returning to their skin.
2) Stronger hair –The nutrients and vitamins found in this fruit help to strengthen hair and make it less likely to break. This gives hair a healthier and fuller look. Like with skin, custard apples give hair a natural shine that stays with you throughout the day.
3) Better digestion –Many people suffer from poor digestion, which can cause a wide variety of problems, such as weight gain, abdominal pain, problems using the bathroom, mood swings, and so much more. Custard apples will help you return your body to a more normal rhythm and will also promote healthy digestion. Not only will your body work better, but you will feel better than ever before.
4) Put on healthier weight –The sugars in this fruit will promote weight gain for those who are looking to have a more filled out figure. The great thing about this though, is that the weight gain will come from a healthy source, meaning you will look curvier and filled out without the negative health effects of gaining weight by eating too much or eating junk food.
5) Lessens stress – Custard apples naturally help to lower the body’s cortisol levels, meaning you will feel less stressed and more relaxed. For those individuals who work in jobs that are very stressful, or are going through very hard times in their lives, this is a healthy and all natural way to make sure you are taking care of your body and your mind without the negative side effects of medication or alcohol.
6) Fights depression – The natural occurring enzymes in the custard apples are known to help fight off the effects of depression. They help the brain return to a healthy equilibrium, and help the body heal any imbalances it is currently experiencing. Paired with a healthy diet and exercise, many people suffering from depression have noticed a significantly large improvement when they begin eating custard apples. | <urn:uuid:fac1ac57-b3c5-47bd-bc25-72356fdf834b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.healthy-drinks.net/how-to-eat-custard-apple-health-benefits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00355-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954607 | 646 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Large, visible and bulging veins in the legs can be unattractive and painful. They occur more often in women than men because of pregnancy, hormones and genetics. When valves inside the veins weaken, it means that instead of moving blood back to the heart, it pools and causes the veins to stretch, leak and eventually protrude. Spider veins are smaller versions of this effect and appear as reddish purple lines on the skin's surface. Weak leg muscles, lack of exercise and being overweight can hasten the development of varicose veins.
Treatment for varicose veins can usually take place in our office, without an overnight hospital stay and with a moderate recovery time during which you can continue most of your daily activities. We offer these non-surgical treatments for varicose veins.
Small or medium-sized varicose veins are injected with a solution of saline (salt-water) or other chemical that causes them to harden and close within a few weeks and eventually fade. those veins. In a few weeks, treated varicose veins should fade. Although the same vein may need to be injected more than once, sclerotherapy is effective if done correctly. Sclerotherapy doesn't require anesthesia and may be done in our office.
This treatment uses radio waves to create heat, which is applied internally to close varicose veins. During endovenous thermal ablation, a tiny cut in the skin near the varicose vein is used to insert a thin tube, or catheter. The instrument sends radio waves to the vessel to create intense heat, which causes it to collapse and close. It will eventually disappear. After the vessel closes, blood reroutes and travels through other veins. You will remain awake during the procedure and go home afterward. | <urn:uuid:6d8cb2c9-60b8-4721-a3ef-71e81422b7fa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ecu.edu/cs-dhs/ecuphysicians/plasticsurgery/vein.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00510-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946901 | 363 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Growth of virtual assistants in health care
For example, last fall, Nuance Communications released its Dragon Medical Virtual Assistant to help health care providers interact with clinical workflows using NLP and other conversational AI functionality. Nuance announced at HIMSS18 that it will integrate its virtual assistant technology into Epic's EHR.
According to the press release, the new partnership allows physicians to use the virtual assistant to ask for information from a patient's chart, retrieve labs, medication lists, and visit summaries using Epic Haiku. Nurses using Epic Rover can use the assistant to conversationally interact with flowsheets to enter and confirm patient info and vitals. Finally, scheduling staff using Epic Cadence can converse with the assistant to check physician schedules and create or modify patient appointments. And Vanderbilt University Medical Center recently announced it is leveraging Nuance's technology to build a prototype voice assistant called "V-EVA" (Vanderbilt EHR Voice Assistant) to help caregivers navigate the hospital's Epic EHR using natural dialogue.
A number of other health care providers have started piloting voice assistants. For instance, Northwell Health is testing Amazon's Alexa across multiple use cases, including one that helps users determine the wait time at nearby EDs and urgent care centers in Northwell's system. People can ask their Alexa-enabled home devices to either search for the shortest wait time based on their zip code, or can ask for the wait time for a specific location. Once the user asks for this information, Alexa queries Northwell's database of wait times (which analyzes check-in data every 15 minutes) for the best option. The Alexa feature can respond back with the location's name, address, and wait time.
In another example, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) is collaborating with Microsoft to create an intelligent scribe called EmpowerMD. The project is part of Microsoft's Healthcare NExT initiative, which aims to use AI to accelerate health care innovation. The virtual scribe listens to conversations doctors have with patients, analyzing speech for clinically relevant concepts to make suggestions in the medical record. The goal is to allow doctors or other staff to engage with patients face to face, without the need to divert their attention to a computer screen. The scribe can make suggestions or take notes for follow up, which the doctor accepts or modifies after the encounter. Staff can also view a transcript of the conversation for greater context on the assistant's suggestions. Using machine learning, the virtual assistant improves its performance as suggestions are accepted, rejected, or modified by the user.
Patients increasingly interested in virtual assistants
Patients are also interested in AI-powered virtual assistants. Accenture recently released the findings of its 2018 Consumer Survey on Digital Health, which polled 2,301 U.S. consumers on topics such as wearables, virtual care, and AI. Among the findings, the survey showed that roughly one-in-five consumers has experienced health-related AI, and, in particular, showed an openness to using intelligent virtual assistants. Specifically, the survey found that:
- 61% of respondents said they would use "an intelligent virtual health assistant that helps to estimate out-of-pocket costs, schedule health care appointments and explain benefit coverage, bills and payment options";
- 57% would use an intelligent virtual coach;
- 55% would use "an intelligent virtual nurse that monitors your health condition, medications, and vital signs at home"; and
- 50% would use "an intelligent virtual clinician that helps to diagnose health issues and navigate you to the right treatment options."
3 tips to incorporate virtual assistants
Is your team interested? Here are three key considerations to get you started:
- Identify your goals: Virtual assistants can perform a variety of tasks described above. In addition, they can set reminders, answer basic patient questions, call for a nurse, or even address loneliness. However, virtual assistants may not always be the best solution for a given problem, particularly complex tasks that may benefit from visual displays (such as on a computer or tablet). Make sure your team is specific about how the technology will improve processes and where it fits into existing workflows.
- Explore what's possible: The major technology companies such as Google and Amazon are trying to make their software development kits and APIs as open and user-friendly as possible—which means your organization can build new skills into these virtual assistants to better suit your needs, assuming you have the right staff skills to code these features. As you evaluate options, ensure that potential solutions are properly evaluated for HIPAA compliance, as natural language interfaces in a health care setting may capture sensitive information whether or not that is not part of their intended use.
- Expect change: The health care industry is starting to see rapid advancements in NLP, computer vision, and other subsets of AI—but the use of virtual assistants in hospitals is still nascent. The technology will likely continue to evolve as more organizations adopt and test these devices, and the broader industry forms new ways to implement and regulate their use. Early adopters will have an advantage in getting to use and gain experience with these tools, but they may also have to update them more often as vendors release new editions with enhanced capabilities.
Sept. 6 webconference: Hear the latest in analytics and the rise of AI
Join the webconference to learn how new artificial intelligence (AI) technologies will play a role in improving clinical and financial outcomes. | <urn:uuid:adf7e516-afec-4e3a-bec6-75c34e7543b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.advisory.com/Blog/2018/07/virtual-assistants | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.936257 | 1,109 | 1.914063 | 2 |
More than 8 million newspaper pages from 1710-1954 are now available to search at The British Newspaper Archive (www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk).
In the last month, the website has started digitising the newspaper archives of eight new titles. These cover England, Scotland and Northern Ireland and include the London Evening Standard, Glasgow’s Daily Record and the Northern Whig.
The first years from the following new titles have been added to The British Newspaper Archive:
- Biggleswade Chronicle, covering 1912
- Daily Record, covering 1914-1915
- Lake's Falmouth Packet and Cornwall Advertiser, covering 1864
- London Evening Standard, covering 1860-1862 and 1866-1867
- Newcastle Evening Chronicle, covering 1915
- Northern Whig, covering 1869-1870
- Surrey Comet, covering 1854-1857 and 1859-1870
- Watford Observer, covering 1864-1865, 1867, 1869-1870
You’ll find more information and links to these new additions at http://blog.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/2014/08/07/8-new-titles-including-the-london-evening-standard/
About the British Newspaper Archive
The British Newspaper Archive is a partnership project between the British Library and DC Thomson Family History (formally known as brightsolid online publishing). From November 2011 to 2021, up to 40 million pages from historical newspapers across the UK and Ireland will be uploaded to the website www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. It provides world class information services to the academic, business, research and scientific communities and offers unparalleled access to the world’s largest and most comprehensive research collection. | <urn:uuid:f60b5865-4beb-47c1-817d-faa3fd12f04d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.geneapress.com/2014/08/the-british-newspaper-archive-starts.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00312-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895512 | 390 | 1.914063 | 2 |
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Optimizing Building Energy Use with Configurable Sensor Modules
Use QuickFeather to show how one could quickly creates prototypes for machine learning in education, research and production environments.
Use QuickLogic's Quickfeather with SensiML to detect/classify and track water usage in a washroom with the goal of saving water.
Water Flow Detection System is the detection of forgetting to stop the water using QuickFeather Development Kit and SensiML AI Software.
Monitoring for suboptimal production processes and future equipment faults/failure allows manufacturers to schedule maintenance effectively.
Conserve peatlands by predicting early sign of drying, drought or fire using ML on the edge using SensiML, Ubidots and Helium [SOLAR POWER]
Adjust and monitor the performance of home HVAC system to improve energy efficiency.
TinyML using QuickFeather along with SensiML can provide new, more effective tools to eliminate illegal logging in the world's rainforests.
Ever wonder which appliance is responsible for that humongous water bill? Me too. Introducing wapr: a non-invasive water usage-profiler.
A low-power solar-run device that detects illegal logging of wood at the edge using acoustic data.
Battery & Solar powered Sensor Hub with ML capabilities and supports a wide variety of Sensors and Communication Modules,
This project is participating the Challenge Climate Change contest, project title is "Noise pollution minimization for on-road vehicle".
SensiML Sensing and Control device to protect farmlands from future insects outbreaks and vector-borne disease due to climate change.
"Save the Tiger" is a project that aims to build a sensor node to keep track of Tiger activities to save its extinction.
ML Model create analytics & try to learn and find the relation between environment change & gives us prior alert about these climate change
This device can be used to monitor solar radiation. After the data is analyzed, it can be used to improve charging cycle of battery units.
IoT Enabled Forest Fire Detection and Early Warning System, and AI based analytics platform.
Tracing the variation of CO2 concentration
Solar radio detection to Climate Changes
Reduces power usage by automatically dimming rows-and-rows of office flouros based on ambient light using the DALI protocol.
Simple Single Axis Solar tracker.
With QuickFeather and SensiML, through a neural network, which indicates the type of bird we are hearing.
Combining SensiML and QuickFeather, I will detect a chainsaw and human voice in the forest. | <urn:uuid:33eedfdb-36b1-4d01-bc9f-533b7aeeddeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hackster.io/contests/quickfeather/submissions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.860328 | 577 | 1.96875 | 2 |
It is the primary job of the preacher to preach the Word. Most preachers are speaking four or more times per week, demanding a great deal of preparation. I know some are more gifted than others in presentation, but most of the preachers I know spend a lot of time trying to do their best with the one message that the whole world needs to hear.
Preach the word; be prepared in season and out of season; correct, rebuke and encourage—with great patience and careful instruction. ~ 2 Timothy 4:2
This means sometimes preachers have to speak about things that might be uncomfortable … or even pointed. Correction is not something most grown ups enjoy. But the spiritual minded among us would rather hear what God has to say and make needed changes than to just be soothed when there is a real problem. Of course many do not want to be confronted about needed changes, and so tune out or find another preacher who doesn’t bother their conscience.
For the time will come when people will not put up with sound doctrine. Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear. ~2 Timothy 4:3
But the instruction of Scripture is to carry on, preach the Word, and to not be deterred from your mission.
But you, keep your head in all situations, endure hardship, do the work of an evangelist, discharge all the duties of your ministry. ~2 Timothy 4:4
So one of the ironies of preaching is that there are messages that need to be preached, and some important things that need to be said, and the people who most need them are not present to hear them. These are not opinions or self-focused homilies … they are needful teachings from the Scriptures. And they are things that one observes if they were followed would produce a better result in life than the self-directed paths we are all tempted to take.
Patriarchs …priests … prophets … and preachers … God had a way in mind to convey His Word. But the ears and hearts have to be present for the Word to be received. It is ironic that many who have the most to gain and who have invested the most in the plan to have the Word proclaimed are not present to hear it.
How, then, can they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them? ~ Romans 10:14
Thanks for reading! | <urn:uuid:eb41d0ec-467d-45ac-a055-7a51001096ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://johndobbs.com/preacher-irony/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.972521 | 532 | 1.789063 | 2 |
With a small snout, a short and curled tail, and a big, round stomach, mini pigs are the epitome of cute—and sometimes, they snore. Now, researchers think these snoring pigs can be used to study obstructive sleep apnea. A study appearing in the journal Heliyon found that obese Yucatan mini pigs do have naturally occurring sleep apnea and that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans taken while they’re in sedated sleep can be used to gain new insights into what happens in the airways during sleep apnea episodes via computational flow dynamic analysis.
“These are very fat pigs,” says first author Zi-Jun Liu, DDS, MS, PhD, a research professor and principal investigator in the department of orthodontics at the University of Washington, in a release.
Liu and colleagues sought to better understand the mechanism behind the disease, so they looked at Yucatan mini pigs, two obese and three of normal weight, in part because they’re comparable in both airway structure and size to humans.
These pigs might be “mini,” but they’re still 100 pounds at normal weight. The obese pigs are even heavier. “To give some context, normal human body mass index (BMI) range around 25-28, with obesity reached at over 30-35. In pigs, normal BMIs range from 30 to 35, with obesity reached over 50,” says Liu.
But even more importantly, obesity in mini pigs can actually cause them to get sleep apnea. In other animal models, like rats and rabbits, the researchers either have to make the animal gain weight to have sleep issues, which still wouldn’t confirm sleep apnea in the animal, or they block the airway to make unnaturally occurring sleep apnea. “That’s the most important finding,” says Liu. “This naturally occurring sleep apnea in these Yucatan mini pigs was validated.”
After sedating the subjects, Liu and colleagues observed multiple episodes of sleep apnea per hour in both obese pigs, while only one of the normal weight pigs displayed episodes. In natural sleep, only the obese mini pigs had sleep apnea episodes—and had as many as 35 per hour. While the researchers did not witness any episodes of snoring in the normal weight mini pigs, the obese pigs emitted a low snoring in both sedated and natural sleep.
Liu and colleagues also studied all five mini pigs in an MRI machine while they were in sedated sleep. Sleep apnea is known to be caused by anatomical restrictions of the nose and throat that cause stoppages of airflow, but the dynamics of how air flows through these passages and the mechanisms that cause the airflow to stop are not well understood. The researchers used the MRI scans they took to construct a 3D replica of the pigs’ airways, finding that the obese pigs had significantly more narrowing in the throat and that there was a 25% increase in airflow velocity through these narrowest regions.
One of the researchers’ hypotheses was that the sleep apnea was caused by what’s known as “turbulence” in the airway. “You might be familiar with the term turbulence from when you ride an airplane. It’s air that’s circulated in just the local area, which of course on an airplane causes it to jump up and down,” says Liu. In the airways of the pigs, turbulence formation could be caused by a combination of an abrupt change in the shape of the airflow pathway and high airflow velocity—and the researchers hypothesized that it might be the reason that air stops flowing in sleep apnea. The findings from the pigs, however, showed that was not the case: despite the narrowing of the pharynx and the increase in airflow velocity, the researchers didn’t find any turbulence in the pigs’ airways.
Liu says that conducting this research came with numerous challenges. It required monitoring 150-200 pound obese mini pigs, with all the bells and whistles of human sleep monitoring: devices to monitor the air flow dynamics, the chest and abdomen movements, the brain and muscle activity, oxygen saturation, and more needed to be hooked up to the pigs at all times to get proper data.
The researchers add that, while this research showed that mini pigs can provide a naturally occurring animal model to examine sleep apnea and gave a greater understanding to how sleep apnea affects the body, more must be done to find a long-term solution for and mechanisms behind this disease. “Despite our findings, the sleep apnea mechanism is still not quite understood,” says Liu. “There are of course anatomic reasons, but the functional reasons behind it are still up for debate.” | <urn:uuid:df1c0d8c-4001-40bf-ad95-925f516b952d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sleepreviewmag.com/sleep-disorders/breathing-disorders/obstructive-sleep-apnea/naturally-occurring-animal-model-sleep-apnea/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.950768 | 996 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Perivascular mesenchymal stem cells in the adult human brain: a future target for neuroregeneration?
© Özen et al.;licensee Springer. 2012
Received: 28 October 2012
Accepted: 20 November 2012
Published: 23 November 2012
Perivascular adult stem cells have been isolated from several tissues, including the adult human brain. They have unique signatures resembling both pericytes and mesenchymal stem cells. Understanding the nature of these cells in their specific vascular niches is important to determine their clinical potential as a new adult stem cell source. Indeed, they have promising features in vitro in terms of multipotency, immunomodulation and secretion of growth factors and cytokines. However, their in vivo function is less known as yet. Recent emerging data show a crucial role of perivascular mesenchymal stem cells in tissue homeostasis and repair. Furthermore, these cells may play an important role in adult stem cell niche regulation and in neurodegeneration. Here we review the recent literature on perivascular mesenchymal stem cells, discuss their different in vitro functions and highlight especially the specific properties of brain-derived perivascular mesenchymal stem cells. We summarize current evidence that suggests an important in vivo function of these cells in terms of their regenerative potential that may indicate a new target cell for endogenous tissue regeneration and repair.
KeywordsPericytes Mesenchymal stem cells Perivascular niche Neuroregeneration
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells (ASCs) are found in almost all organs of the postnatal human body. They reside in the perivascular niche, a specific microenvironment that allows ASCs to retain their multi-lineage potential and self-renewal capacity[1, 2]. The perivascular niche consists of ASCs, neighbouring cells and extracellular matrix[1, 3, 4].
Adult stem cells are a source for organ-specific cell replacement either during the normal cell turnover or under pathological conditions[5, 6]. These stem cells often remain dormant until they are activated by the body’s need to maintain tissues, or in response to disease or tissue injury. Some ASC types, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or enteric stem cells, have a high proliferation rate, whereas in other organs, ASCs only divide under certain conditions, stimulated by injury for example.
In contrast to embryonic stem cells, the differentiation potential of ASCs is regarded as more restricted, usually to the cells of the tissue in which they reside. This suggests that the differentiation of an ASC into a specialized cell might be dependent on the surrounding tissue. However, this classical paradigm of tissue-specific differentiation capacity has been challenged by observations of a different degree of plasticity in some adult tissues that has resulted in differentiation beyond tissue boundaries.
Mesenchymal stem cells
One ASC type that has specifically attracted attention during the past years are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)[7–12]. Friedenstein and co-workers were the first to describe MSCs, originally termed mesenchymal stromal cells, as a rare population of plastic-adherent cells that could be isolated from the bone marrow but was different from HSCs. Mesenchymal stem cells are isolated by adherence to plastic, possess a high proliferative potential and are characterized by the expression of a panel of surface markers and their capacity to differentiate along mesodermal lineages such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. They have gained interest because they are not only multipotent, they also support hematopoiesis[16–18], are immunomodulatory[19–23] and have an intriguing pro-regenerative capacity due to the secretion of different growth factors and mitogens[12, 23].
Mesenchymal stem cells reside in the perivascular niche
Interestingly, sources for MSCs are not restricted to the bone marrow. Indeed, MSCs have been isolated from several tissues in different species[7, 10] but also from different human tissues and organs[24–26] including bone marrow, dental pulp[27, 28], adipose tissue, umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly, placenta and recently also from the adult human brain. Importantly, these MSCs are located in the perivascular niche and exhibit similarities to pericytes in terms of phenotype, gene expression and differentiation capacity[25, 26, 32].
Evidence, that MSCs and pericytes are biologically related had remained indirect for a long time, but a more systematic analysis of their association has only recently been made[25, 26, 33, 34]. Now it has been shown that MSCs may reside in the perivascular compartment and have characteristics identical to a subclass of pericytes[10, 24–26, 32, 34]. However, pericytes around capillaries are suggested not to be the only ancestors of MSC’s. Adventitial cells that reside around larger vessels also natively express MSC surface markers[35, 36].
Pericytes are a heterogeneous cell population in the vascular niche, that line the abluminal side of endothelial cells in the perivascular space and are embedded within a shared basement membrane[38, 39]. They span the entire microvasculature. The phenotypic identification of pericytes is rather difficult due to the lack of one specific pericyte marker. Therefore, besides their location, a panel of different markers is usually used to identify pericytes[38, 40–42].
This diversity in pericyte marker expression may be due to differences in tissue location, vessel size or embryonic origin. It is generally proposed that pericytes are either mesodermal or neural crest-derived[43, 44], depending on their location in any given organ. In addition to their multiple embryonic origins, pericytes may develop from several adult cell types[38, 42, 45]. In the resting stage, pericytes are quiescent slow-cycling cells. Once isolated from different tissues, pericytes have the capacity to proliferate and differentiate into different cell types in vitro.
Perivascular mesenchymal stem cells - a novel stem cell in the human brain
For many decades, the adult brain, in contrast to other tissues, was thought to not be capable of regeneration. However, it is now widely accepted that the adult human brain contains neural progenitors[47–53]. In the brain, adult neural stem cells are also found in specialized vascular niches, mainly in the neurogenic zones, the subventricular zone and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus[54–57]. In these vascular niches, the neural stem cells contact the vasculature at the sites that lack astrocyte endfeet and pericyte coverage.
Neural progenitor cells could also be derived from a variety of adult brain regions other than the known neurogenic zones[49, 52, 59, 60]. Human adult progenitor cells isolated from non-neurogenic regions multiply in vitro and give rise to cells with the characteristics of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes[59, 61, 62].
Marker expression of perivascular MSC isolated from the adult human brain
Neural/ glial progenitor markers
Most interestingly, when isolated perivascular MSCs were exposed to glial induction medium, the cells differentiated into oligodendrocytes or astrocytes, pericyte-specific antigens were downregulated and cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
Furthermore, upon neuronal induction, the same perivascular MSC clones downregulated mRNA for pericyte markers (α-SMA, Nestin, RGS5, NG2 and PDGFR-β) and upregulated mRNA for neuronal transcription factors (NeuroD1, Pax6, Tbr1, Tbr2) and neuronal markers (DCX, Tuj1) and consistently expressed neuron-specific proteins (DCX; HuC/D, Map2, Tuj1, NSE). A proportion of neurons expressed the synaptic marker PSD95 and GABA A-receptor, indicating a more mature neuronal phenotype. Cells exhibited typical electrophysiological features of immature neurons, consistent with the slow maturation of human neurons.
Thus, perivascular MSCs have a broader stem cell potential than classical neural stem cells. Moreover, perivascular MSCs are not restricted to a certain perivascular niche in neurogenic regions but could be easily isolated from non-neurogenic regions in the brain. Thus, the perivascular MSC is a novel, unique population distinct from the neural stem cells in the adult brain that has both neuroectodermal and mesodermal differentiation capacity in vitro. This differentiation capacity was retained in long-term proliferating cultures.
The most intriguing question to be answered now is obviously which role these cells play for disease and repair in vivo and whether this reflects their in vitro potential.
Regenerative potential of perivascular mesenchymal stem cells
Perivascular MSCs possess both MSC and pericyte features. Both cell types have been described to have different properties that may play a role in regeneration.
Mesenchymal stem cells in vitro have shown several interesting features such as multipotentiality, immunomodulation, and pro-regenerative capacities[9, 12, 15]. Due to these properties, MSCs have become one of the most promising ASC types and are currently being tested in several clinical trials. Indeed, MSCs are explored as a treatment for Crohn’s disease[67–70], for acute graft versus host reaction[71–73], myocardial infarct[74–76], limb ischemia[77, 78], osteogenesis imperfecta[79–81], and for neurological disorders such as stroke[82–84], cerebral palsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis[86, 87] and multiple sclerosis[88–91]. A current search gives a total of 298 clinical studies using different sources of MSCs and mesenchymal stromal cells (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov). In most of these clinical trials, MSCs are used in an autologous and allogenic ex vivo transplantation setting for repair.
Akin to MSCs, pericytes have been reported to be able to differentiate into osteoblasts[25, 63, 64], chondrocytes, adipocytes[25, 65, 66], muscle cells[25, 92], but also neuroectodermal lineages[32, 93].
It remains to be answered whether and to what extent these described in vitro properties reflect the in vivo function of perivascular MSCs as these properties might be altered upon isolation and culture in vitro.
Multipotentiality in vivo
In vivo multipotency of pericytes/perivascular MSC
Differentiated cell type
Chemical ablation in testis
Type A pericyte
Spinal cord injury
Genetic fate mapping
Genetic fate mapping
Follicular dendritic cell
They have been shown to have an inhibitory effect on lymphocytes[105, 106], on B-cells, dendritic cells and natural killer cells[109, 110]. Furthermore, MSCs modulate the inflammatory response of microglial cells, resident immunocompetent cells in the brain. Mesenchymal stem cells hereby inhibit the expression and release of inflammatory molecules and stress-associated proteins and change microglial cells from a detrimental to a more neuroprotective phenotype. Thus, these immunomodulatory features of MSCs may have an indirect neuroprotective effect. Mesenchymal stem cells lead to amelioration in multiple sclerosis through inhibition of the pathogenic immune response and the release of neuroprotective molecules. They have also been shown to suppress ischemia-induced inflammation. The neuroprotective effect of MSCs in stroke was also mediated via a change in resident microglia to a more neuroprotective type. Furthermore, in a model of Parkinson’s disease, dopaminergic cell death that was induced by activated microglia could be prevented by grafting MSCs. Similar results, demonstrating decreased activation of astrocytes and microglia by MSCs in a mouse model of multiple system atrophy have recently been reported[117, 118].
Similarly to MSCs, pericytes have been described to regulate T-cell activation, recruit T- and B-lymphocytes to areas of tissue injury[119, 120] and control transmigration of thymocytes from the thymus across the blood vessel wall. In addition, brain pericytes have been shown to secrete different cytokines in vitro.
Should these immunomodulatory features be present on resident perivascular MSCs in vivo, they could indeed play a primary role in inhibiting immunosurveillance and thereby establish a regenerative environment.
A third, and most important feature of isolated MSCs is their pro-regenerative capacity. Mesenchymal stem cells secrete a large number of cytokines, growth factors, mitogens and angiogenic factors[12, 95]. This raises the question of whether MSCs could also be promoting a regenerative environment by production of growth factors and cytokines in vivo.
The most interesting scientific question now is whether their in vivo perivascular counterparts hold similar properties mentioned above. It is conceivable that resident perivascular MSCs support the local ASC niche either directly by differentiating into tissue-specific cells as indicated above, or indirectly, by regulating the stem cell niche. Interestingly, pericytes have been shown to contribute to tissue repair and wound healing in vivo by substantially enhancing the tissue-regenerative capacity of human epidermal cells.
The HSC niche, where MSCs were first identified, is currently the best characterized example of an ASC niche in vivo function of resident MSC in the HSC niche was recently revealed by lineage-tracing using nestin as a marker for MSC. This data suggests that resident MSCs are responsible for the maintenance of the HSC niche by regulating the proliferation and survival of HSCs.
Do perivascular mesenchymal stem cells/pericytes play a role in brain repair?
Whether the properties and functions of perivascular MSCs vary between tissues or whether these cells are biologically equivalent will need to be systematically evaluated. The diversity of pericytes is largely unexplored, but there are indications that pericytes in the brain may have specific potential and functions[119, 123, 125–127]. The brain is one of the most vascularized organs and pericytes have a higher density in the brain, and the brain has a lower endothelial/pericyte ratio compared to other organs. Consistent with their higher density, pericytes appear to act as a key modulator of the neurovascular unit in the brain. Neurovascular pericytes regulate the blood brain barrier[123, 126], capillary flow, angiogenesis and immune responses[37, 39, 41, 129, 130]. Minor disturbances in the blood vessels can compromise neuronal performance because of the importance of the vasculature for neuronal homeostasis, delivery of oxygen and nutrients, removal of metabolic waste and preservation of the neuronal microenvironment. This is reflected in the fact that vascular damage in pericyte-deficient mice preceeds neuronal damage and neurodegeneration, suggesting that neurodegeneration may develop secondary to disturbances in cerebral vascular homeostasis. Thus, microvascular dysfunction due to pericyte degeneration may initiate neurodegenerative changes. Resident perivascular MSCs may thus regulate the local ASC niche. Another hypothesis could be that pericytes respond to injury by tissue-specific differentiation as evident from other organs (Table2). Pericytes have been shown to migrate in response to traumatic brain injury. Recent studies that have isolated brain pericytes indicate that the differentiation potential of brain-derived pericytes in vitro extends beyond the mesodermal lineage to the neuroectodermal lineage[32, 93]. This may at least partially reflect their inherent differentiation potential and could, in analogy to emerging studies in other tissues, possibly indicate their in vivo capacity.
However, the role that is played by these cells in brain development and repair remains most speculative and yet, represents one of the most fascinating questions to be raised. It now remains to be shown whether perivascular MSCs/pericytes resident in the brain have similar or equal functional characteristics in vivo, supporting the stem cell niche and controlling stem cell proliferation and differentiation. This could place resident perivascular MSCs in a crucial position for contributing to brain disease and regeneration, as much pathology has been associated with a dysregulation of the stem cell niche.
We believe that the properties of these cells observed in other tissues may also apply to the brain. Thus, from a therapeutic perspective, resident MSCs emerge as an extremely promising target or agent for tissue regeneration.
In a time when the world’s population is aging, the health burden of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease but also conditions such as stroke is constantly increasing. To manage the larger number of patients and the connected health costs, brain research will have to direct a sharp focus towards developing neurorestorative and neuroprotective treatments.
In the next few years, the focus will be on studying the in vivo function of the newly discovered perivascular stem cells in the brain. Evidence from in vitro work and in vivo observations in other tissues gives hope that these perivascular stem cells may play a key role for regeneration of the brain in response to trauma, injury or degeneration. The aim is to control and enhance any pro-regenerative capacities of these cells by delivering therapies targeted at stimulating the cells to relocate to sites of injury or damage.
To understand and harness the reparative potential of ASCs in the brain will be key in setting the course for future research on neurodegeneration and neurorestoration.
Adult Stem Cells
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Endoglin cell membrane glycoprotein
Cluster differentiation marker
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor beta
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting
Leukocyte common antigen
Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (NT5E). GPI-anchored purine enzyme expressed on the surface of human T and B lymphocytes
Thymocyte differentiation antigen 1 (Thy-1)
Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1)
Alpha subunit of integrin alpha4beta1
Regulator of G-protein Signaling 5
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan
Sox gene 1
Paired box protein 6
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
T-box brain 1 transcription factor
T-box brain 2 transcription factor
Neuronal class III beta-tubulin
Anti human neuronal protein HuC/D
Microtubule-associated protein 2
Postsynaptic Density Protein 95
Potassium channel subunit
S100 calcium-binding protein
Single chain transmembrane glycoprotein selectively expressed on human lymphoid and myeloid hematopoietic progenitors cells
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule
Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM)
Cluster of differentiation 14, cell surface receptor and differentiation marker
Macrophage antigen 1 (Mac-1)
Mesenchymal/stromal stem cell marker 1
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Forkhead box transcription factor 1.
We thank Alexandra Maria Lee for help with proofreading the manuscript and Edward Visse for assistance with drawing Figure 1.
Our work is supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council, the Anérs Foundation, and J.B. is supported by a grant from the European Union (FP7).
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | <urn:uuid:a08fff43-2732-4a18-928f-458893b5fd0f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://clintransmed.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2001-1326-1-30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00153-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.715554 | 15,155 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Spring is finally here — even if some persistent snow and wintry conditions means it doesn’t necessarily feel like it. Soon enough, your electric bill is going to ease up a bit — but you may end up surprised by how much you’re still paying. Rates are especially high in comparison to previous years. In order to save money on electricity bills, you need to take advantage of some long-term, cost-efficient solutions. Here are some of the best-kept, money-saving secrets:
Strategically Use Fans to Slash Air Conditioning Costs
With a little effort, you can use ceiling fans to boost your air conditioning — and pay less for energy bills. “If you use air conditioning, a ceiling fan will allow you to raise the thermostat setting about 4 degrees Fahrenheit with no reduction in comfort,” The U.S. Department Of Energy explains.
Let Gas and Electric Providers Compete For Your Business
In most states, you are more than capable of changing electricity providers. Electric and gas providers actually compete for your business, so take advantage of that. Compare electric providers online to scope out the cheapest rates and most convenient payment plans. Some electric utility providers give you the option of paying a flat rate all year, avoiding costly bills during the holidays. You may also be able to opt for fixed electricity rates; you will benefit from a fixed rate if the price of oil or fuel goes up. Remember, some providers may also offer incentives and/or discounted rates for the use of clean or environmentally friendly energy.
Learn More About Non-Peak Hours
You can also save money by using electricity at the right times. Most companies honor non-peak hours. In other words, running your dishwasher — or doing that extra large load of laundry — actually costs less if you wait until approximately 8 p.m. Similarly, hot water is cheaper at specific times of day (or during non-peak hours).
Stop paying too much for electricity. Permanently reduce your electricity bills by using ceiling fans to boost air conditioning, going online to compare electric providers, and carefully scheduling electricity use whenever possible. Good references here. | <urn:uuid:ce5ceabd-dd60-4703-80a0-de5e20f48475> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://clevelandinternships.net/2014/04/three-secrets-to-slashing-spring-electricity-bills/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.935727 | 442 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Tax Plan Could Add 4 Million Jobs--Reagan
President Reagan, in a bid to revive his faltering tax reform drive, said today that a new White House study shows his program could create almost 4 million new full-time jobs and add about $600 a year to the average American household.
Reagan, speaking on the steps of the McMinn County Courthouse in this east Tennessee town, noted that a just-completed study of his proposal by his own Council of Economic Advisers “said the economic growth it will inspire should create the equivalent of almost 4 million new full-time jobs.”
“They found that the personal economic gain for each household will be about $600 a year,” Reagan added.
Reagan is turning up the heat on lawmakers to complete work on his tax plan before Christmas. Congressional leaders are warning that there is not enough time to enact tax overhaul in this session and say the American people do not attach as much urgency to the issue as he does.
Reagan said that, contrary to forecasts that his program would reduce government revenues, “our tax plan will ultimately bring a heck of a lot more money into the government. One reason is that every time we cut tax rates in one area--say on capital gains--we bring in more capital gains tax revenues because the cut in rates stimulates economic activity.”
He called the battle over tax reform “a drama with heroes and villains and a damsel in distress.
“The heroes are the citizens across this country who are asking for tax justice. The villains are the special interests--the ‘I Got Mine’ gang. And, the damsel in distress? A lass named Endless Economic Growth, who’s tied to the tracks and struggling to break free.” | <urn:uuid:6143ea38-b734-4c88-ba48-d5973f39c6f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-09-24-mn-18829-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.966761 | 375 | 1.585938 | 2 |
I am a teacher and being a teacher I am actually a student as the oft repeated story tells us..
So as the story of Malala unfolds, she has become my most influential teacher today..
So what have I learnt?
You can protest gracefully and with a smile
Resistance is as important as action
People who make life difficult are not always bad evil people .. they most often are “lazy lazy” ( M.Y.)
By deciding to change your own circumstances you can change the world.
If your loved ones are with you, you can achieve so much more
Courage does not need a gun
When one falls the other must take her place – life is a relay event: we must run it together.
We need inspiration to stop being “lazy lazy”
Age is not a factor. Confidence is.
Children have wisdom and often see things more clearly.
Those who encourage us as also heroes… such as Malala’s parents, family and community.
Us “lazy lazy” people do have a heart waiting to beat louder … so many have been touched by Malala.
A simple thing like the right to knowledge can be the most important thing to fight for. | <urn:uuid:6dbabe86-9789-4a0b-a290-9a8c1ce1e7cf> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.zubeidamustafa.com/what-i-am-learning-from-malala-yusufzai | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00487-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968506 | 259 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Learning to read is built on a foundation of language skills that children start to learn at birtha process that is both complicated and amazing. Most children develop certain skills as they move through the early stages of learning language. By age 7, most children are reading.
The following list of accomplishments is based on current scientific research in the fields of reading, early childhood education, and child development [ *** ] . Studies continue in their fields, and there is still much still to learn. As you look over the accomplishments, keep in mind that children vary a great deal in how they develop and learn. If you have questions or concerns about your child's progress, talk with the child's doctor, teacher, or a speech and language therapist. For children with any kind of disability or learning problem, the sooner they can get the special help they need, the easier it will be for them to learn.
From birth to age 3, most babies and toddlers become able to:
- Make sounds that imitate the tones and rhythms that adults use when talking.
- Respond to gestures and facial expressions.
- Begin to associate words they hear frequently with what the words mean.
- Make cooing, babbling sounds in the crib, which gives way to enjoying rhyming and nonsense word games with a parent or caregiver.
- Play along in games such as "peek-a-boo" and "pat-a-cake."
- Handle objects such as board books and alphabet blocks in their play.
- Recognize certain books by their covers.
- Pretend to read books.
- Understand how books should be handled.
- Share books with an adult as a routine part of life.
- Name some objects in a book.
- Talk about characters in books.
- Look at pictures in books and realize they are symbols of real things.
- Listen to stories.
- Ask or demand that adults read or write with them.
- Begin to pay attention to specific print such as the first letters of their names.
- Scribble with a purpose (trying to write or draw something).
- Produce some letter-like forms and scribbles that resemble, in some way, writing.
From ages 3-4, most preschoolers become able to:
- Enjoy listening to and talking about storybooks.
- Understand that print carries a message.
- Make attempts to read and write.
- Identify familiar signs and labels.
- Participate in rhyming games.
- Identify some letters and make some letter-sound matches.
- Use known letters (or their best attempt to write the letters) to represent written language especially for meaningful words like their names or phrases such as "I love you."
At age 5, most kindergartners become able to:
- Sound as if they are reading when they pretend to read.
- Enjoy being read to.
- Retell simple stories.
- Use descriptive language to explain or to ask questions.
- Recognize letters and letter-sound matches.
- Show familiarity with rhyming and beginning sounds.
- Understand that print is read left-to-right and top-to-bottom.
- Begin to match spoken words with written ones.
- Begin to write letters of the alphabet and some words they use and hear often.
- Begin to write stories with some readable parts.
At age 6, most first-graders can:
- Read and retell familiar stories.
- Use a variety of ways to help with reading a story such as rereading, predicting what will happen, asking questions, or using visual cues or pictures.
- Decide on their own to use reading and writing for different purposes;
- Read some things aloud with ease.
- Identify new words by using letter-sound matches, parts of words and their understanding of the rest of a story or printed item.
- Identify an increasing number of words by sight.
- Sound out and represent major sounds in a word when trying to spell.
- Write about topics that mean a lot to them.
- Try to use some punctuation marks and capitalization.
***Based on information from Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children, a report of the National Research Council, by the Committee on the Prevention of Reading Difficulties in Young Children, 1998; and from the Joint Position Statement of the International Reading Association (IRA) and the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), 1998. For the complete references, see the Bibliography. [ Return to text ] | <urn:uuid:2f1bc19c-25a9-47f7-a23a-2a8fd95207e6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www2.ed.gov/parents/academic/help/reader/part9.html?exp=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00540-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933961 | 946 | 4.03125 | 4 |
The determination to link its food subsidy programme, aimed at supporting the poor, to backing the protocol raises the stakes at a World Trade Organization meeting on Thursday, with one Western diplomat calling India's position "suicide."
India is the most prevalent among a group of developing nations angry at rich countries for failing to address their concerns about the deal on trade facilitation - struck by WTO member states in Bali last year. Proponents believe the Bali deal could add $1 trillion to global GDP and 21 million jobs.
India is trying to win guarantees to protect a $12 billion annual programme to feed its poor that risks breaking WTO rules on price support subsidies to farmers.
"We have no problem with this trade facilitation (protocol), but unless they agree with us we will not allow it to happen," one of the government officials told Reuters.
"They want to cap our subsidies, which are just a fraction of what the developed countries are giving to their rich farmers," he added.
The deal was the first global trade pact reached by the WTO and was hailed as having restored credibility to the group and reviving the Doha Round of trade negotiations.
As well as causing concern abroad, the tough position has been criticized by a leading industry group in India and surprised those who expected newly elected pro-business Prime Minister Narendra Modi to radically slash the subsidy programme.
Modi has vowed to spur economic growth through sweeping changes to policies that many people felt had stagnated under the outgoing administration, and his every step is being closely monitored at home and abroad.
India has come under intense pressure from rich countries to drop its demands ahead of the WTO meeting in Geneva on Thursday, where member states hope to adopt the protocol - a key step before the deal is ratified. The deadline for adopting the protocol is July 31.
MODI'S PARTY OPPOSED BALI DEAL
The trade row comes days ahead of the first visit by U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry to Delhi since Modi took office, and is a reminder that bitter trade battles that have tarnished ties between the nations in recent years may not be easily resolved.
India has a history of resorting to brinkmanship to get its way at the WTO, including in Bali where it won a four-year respite for its food subsidies.
However, while in opposition, Modi's party was fiercely critical of the agreement, saying India should not have settled for anything less than a total exemption for its food programme.
"This is a big test. This could be a huge turning point for them on how they are viewed in the developed world," said a Republican aide in Washington.
One Western diplomat complained that, at a meeting of trade ministers in Sydney last week, India had not been specific in explaining what it wanted to happen in order to support the protocol, adding that it would be self-defeating to block it.
"They say we're going to get what we want or we'll blow everything else up, but if they do that they won't even get what they want," the diplomat said.
If India's refusal to back the protocol derails the Bali deal, critics say, it could lose the four-year reprieve and face sanctions.
India subsidises farmers through minimum support prices for grains which it then stores to distribute cheaply to the poor.
The programme, currently under expansion, has led to mountains of wheat and rice in government warehouses, which critics say could be dumped into global markets.
In practice, India does not have a history of dumping grain, and its exports are usually at market prices. However, WTO rules discourage price support subsidies.
Feeding the poor is a matter of urgency for India, home to about 25 percent of the world's hungry, according to the World Food Programme, the food aid arm of the United Nations. | <urn:uuid:0b2f8dd2-d86b-4079-8f94-cd9ba2778fde> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.financialexpress.com/archive/india-will-not-back-wto-protocol-unless-concerns-addressed/1273221/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00467-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975074 | 785 | 1.96875 | 2 |
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Zeta-globin is an alpha-like hemoglobin. The zeta-globin polypeptide is synthesized in the yolk sac of the early embryo, while alpha-globin is produced throughout fetal and adult life. The zeta-globin gene is a member of the human alpha-globin gene cluster that includes five functional genes and two pseudogenes. The order of genes is: 5' - zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 -alpha-1 - theta1 - 3'. | <urn:uuid:d78f39ae-a4e3-4f71-bdda-1f6bfcaaff0f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.lsbio.com/proteins/human-hbz-recombinant-his-protein-ls-g748/748 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00160-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.909053 | 265 | 1.5625 | 2 |
During the 18th and early 19th centuries, Great Britain was introduced to the industrial revolution. Scientific development, living conditions and the progress of agriculture where all a benefit that the industrial revolution brought. All of these factors then restored health, jobs and money in to our country, but this meant all rural areas became industrialised and were more urban than countryside. Urbanisation is the growth of cities that occurred in the late 18th century, such as Manchester and Liverpool, this was produced by the urbanisation as this targeted urban civilisation more than any other. This essay will be including social reform, the difference that was made in the class system and how the industrial revolution affected the urban life, but also examining laissez faire which is a system in the government that contemplate the government should not be included in the economic affairs as much as possible.
During this time Britain was influenced greatly on a number of things some of these being the laws put in to place. One called 'The poor law' .The poor law was firstly there to help the poorer population, this meant that the middle class and upper class where paying taxes that where going straight to the parishes and helping the paupers. As time went on in 1834 the poor law amendment act (new poor law). The poor law come to legislation under the democracy of earl grey, who was part of the Whig party. The majority of society thought the new poor law was a good idea, this is because they thought this would help with the poor/beggars on the street and to encourage paupers to work harder and to try and support themselves instead of the middle and upper class paying the taxes to help them., this is an example of laissez faire, the people trying to keep the government out of their working life and to become individualised. The higher classes had an opinion of the working class as lazy and not wanting to work. | <urn:uuid:f5324bc9-4f3c-4fa5-9193-89d820995635> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/219004.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.980234 | 387 | 4.0625 | 4 |
Do you ever get the feeling the Obama administration is attempting to start a race war?
Here’s Obama’s statement trashing police officers after two black men were shot by cops in separate incidents – one in Minnesota, the other in Louisiana.
From White House:
“All Americans should be deeply troubled by the fatal shootings of Alton Sterling in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and Philando Castile in Falcon Heights, Minnesota. We’ve seen such tragedies far too many times, and our hearts go out to the families and communities who’ve suffered such a painful loss.
“Although I am constrained in commenting on the particular facts of these cases, I am encouraged that the U.S. Department of Justice has opened a civil rights investigation in Baton Rouge, and I have full confidence in their professionalism and their ability to conduct a thoughtful, thorough, and fair inquiry.
“But regardless of the outcome of such investigations, what’s clear is that these fatal shootings are not isolated incidents. They are symptomatic of the broader challenges within our criminal justice system, the racial disparities that appear across the system year after year, and the resulting lack of trust that exists between law enforcement and too many of the communities they serve.
“To admit we’ve got a serious problem in no way contradicts our respect and appreciation for the vast majority of police officers who put their lives on the line to protect us every single day. It is to say that, as a nation, we can and must do better to institute the best practices that reduce the appearance or reality of racial bias in law enforcement.
“That’s why, two years ago, I set up a Task Force on 21st Century Policing that convened police officers, community leaders, and activists. Together, they came up with detailed recommendations on how to improve community policing. So even as officials continue to look into this week’s tragic shootings, we also need communities to address the underlying fissures that lead to these incidents, and to implement those ideas that can make a difference. That’s how we’ll keep our communities safe. And that’s how we can start restoring confidence that all people in this great nation are equal before the law.
“In the meantime, all Americans should recognize the anger, frustration, and grief that so many Americans are feeling — feelings that are being expressed in peaceful protests and vigils. Michelle and I share those feelings. Rather than fall into a predictable pattern of division and political posturing, let’s reflect on what we can do better. Let’s come together as a nation, and keep faith with one another, in order to ensure a future where all of our children know that their lives matter.”
Kinda takes the words out of your mouth, huh?
Headline: Western Journalism | <urn:uuid:c247686f-fd64-46b9-b9d1-4bd92f1fc877> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://endingthefed.com/shock-right-after-recent-shooting-obama-comes-forward-with-major-statement-about-cops-that-stuns.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00055-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947415 | 590 | 1.890625 | 2 |
We have read and heard a lot about the disparities in the cost of care from one hospital or clinic to another. We have read and heard a lot of grumbling about the uneven availability of health care services in this country. Many of us have been outraged to learn that Pharma companies can charge whatever they want for drugs that they have developed because our elected representatives passed legislation that provides Pharma with this discretionary power.
These same laws allow Pharma to provide a percentage of the direct cost of the medications to doctors. Although a mandate in the Affordable Care Act requires information on Pharma payments to physicians be made public via the CMS Open Payments online database, this is little consolation to thousands of patients who bear the brunt of this inequality in our payment system.
Because our system is so dysfunctional and our cost of care so elevated, there are daily instances of patients declaring bankruptcy because they cannot afford their prescription drug costs. There are also too many situations where patients are dying prematurely because they simply cannot afford to obtain the medications that could restore their health.
In America, the average health expenditure per individual patient is approximately $8,200 per year. That is at least one and a half times the amount per patient compared to other developed countries across the world. Among a broad range of hospital services (both medical and surgical), the average price in the United States is 85 percent higher than the average in many countries, including: Canada, the Netherlands, Japan and the relatively affluent European countries such as France, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
More outrageous is that our outcomes compared to these countries are far worse. The Commonwealth Fund in a report in 2014 entitled “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall” that the United States health care system is the most expensive in the world, but consistently ranks dead last. The Countries compared included in order of ranking:United Kingdom, Switzerland, Sweden, Australia. Germany & Netherlands (tied), New Zealand & Norway (tied) France, Canada, United States, last. This assessment included prior surveys and national health system scorecards as well as data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The report was based on rankings on key indicators including:
1. Quality: effective care, safe care, coordinated care, and patient-centered care.
2. Access: The most notable way the U.S. differs from other industrialized countries is the absence of universal health insurance coverage. Other nations ensure the accessibility of care through universal health systems and through better ties between patients and the physician practices that serve as their medical homes.
3. Efficiency: The U.S. has poor performance on measures of national health expenditures and administrative costs as well as on measures of administrative hassles, avoidable emergency room use, and duplicative medical testing.
4. Equity: The U.S. ranks a clear last on measures of equity. Americans with below-average incomes were much more likely than their counterparts in other countries to report not visiting a physician when sick; not getting a recommended test, treatment, or follow-up care; or not filling a prescription or skipping doses when needed because of costs.
5. Healthy lives: The U.S. ranks last overall on all three indicators of healthy lives — mortality amenable to medical care, infant mortality, and healthy life expectancy at age
In 2012, The Institute of Medicine issued another of their sentinel reports: Best Care at Lower Cost, consisting of several key recommendations including recommendations on our infrastructure, our ability to deliver patient-centered evidenced-based clinical care, our paying closer attention to population health, payment structures that reward best care as the lowest possible cost, equity on cost and outcomes of care, and a culture of care that supports and encourages best practices and continuous improvement.
There is not very much in our current health care system that meets any of these goals.
One bizarre example in our system of policies that have “No Rhyme or Reason” is the way in which durable medical equipment, (DME) is handled. DME includes such devices as: iron lungs, respirators, intermittent positive pressure breathing machines, medical regulators, oxygen tents, crutches, canes, trapeze bars, walkers, inhalers, nebulizers, commodes, suction machines, and traction equipment purchased by a payer and kept in the patient’s home.
Although payers usually cover the cost of DME hardware, they often refuse coverage of the medication required to make the device functional. I recently ran into this problem when I developed severe bronchial asthma, pulled out my nebulizer that Medicare had paid for, was refused coverage on the medication I needed. Although my physician wrote the necessary prescription, the pharmacy informed me that I needed prior approval from my payer. After several hours, I learned from the pharmacist that the cost of the medication out-of-pocket was $20 which I quickly paid. Not all medications are that inexpensive, nor can all patients afford to make the payment. If you cannot get the medication to operate the device, it is useless.
My niece, who has Type I diabetes, had a similar experience with even more serious consequences. The payer of her health insurance agreed to pay $8,000 for a new pump, sensor and specific glucometer that work together to regulate her insulin. However they have consistently refused to pay for the specific test strips that work with the glucometer and are needed to check her sugars and determine how much insulin to direct the pump to give her. Test strips are not a simple $20 bill. Over time they cost hundreds of dollars and have to be used several times a day.
To add to the inequity, customized durable medical equipment and medications are paid at rates that are determined item by item, by the regional carrier, based on competitive bidding. Thus, the pricing of such devices differ by region or location with no standards for how the prices are determined This type of the disparity also carries over to the pricing of procedures and treatments such as MRIs, colonoscopies, etc. from one medical clinic to another, even, within the same geography.
Although no one wants to see the US move to a national health system, (which most developed nations in the world have), we need to figure out a way to monitor pharma and payers so that price gouging patients, payments to doctors and the disconnect about what is covered and what is not covered becomes more transparent, logical and equitable. We cannot continue on this path. It is undemocratic, unfair, unethical, and makes a sham of our national obligation to help all patients receive basic health services.
The only way that is going to happen in our democratic society is to legislate for a quasi-public authority that has oversight of healthcare payment on a Federal level, and works with each state to institute uniformity into the cost of care. With an infrastructure that can oversee what is going on we might begin to realize lower costs and greater equity in our health system. | <urn:uuid:f808e519-3a7e-4a29-9fe3-b804c845faeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthcarebasics.info/2015/06/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961688 | 1,436 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Successive governments of Bosnia and Herzegovina have failed to provide justice for thousands of women and girls who were raped during the 1992-1995 war, a new Amnesty International report reveals.
Launched at a press conference in Sarajevo, Amnesty's 82-page report, 'Whose Justice? The women of Bosnia and Herzegovina are still waiting', details how thousands of rape survivors are still denied justice and reparation, while those responsible walk free, sometimes within the same community.
It says that many survivors still suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder and other psychological problems, yet receive little support.
The report is based on extensive research by Amnesty International, whose representatives met with survivors of sexual violence, support organisations, local NGOs, government officials and representatives of the international community.
The new investigation comes ahead of the 14-year anniversary of the end of the war with the signing of the Dayton Agreement in November 1995, and nine years after the UN passed Resolution 1325, the first formal and legal document from the Security Council requiring parties in a conflict to respect women's rights and to support their participation in peace negotiations and post-conflict reconstruction.
Nicola Duckworth, Amnesty International's Europe Programme Director, explained: "During the war, thousands of women and girls were raped, often with extreme brutality. Many were held in prison camps, hotels and private houses where they were sexually exploited. Many women and girls were killed.
"To this day, survivors of these crimes have been denied access to justice. Those responsible for their suffering - members of military forces, the police or paramilitary groups - walk free. Some remain in positions of power or live in the same community as their victims.
"The government of Bosnia and Herzegovina has an obligation to provide these victims with access to justice and the full reparation to which they are entitled.
"For this to happen, the authorities must ensure comprehensive investigations that lead to prosecutions of war crimes of sexual violence in the country. Without meaningful justice and full and effective reparation, victims continue to suffer the effects of these horrific crimes."
Jasmina, a survivor of sexual violence during the war, told Amnesty International: "I can't sleep without pills. I still get upset easily when people mention the war. An image, a memory, a TV spot can be a spark. I can't stand it ... I need help."
The authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina have failed to provide these women with access to adequate healthcare or psychological support, which is provided only by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) working with limited resources. A Bosnian NGO told Amnesty International that the vast majority of survivors of war crimes of sexual violence are not receiving any psychological assistance.
Thousands of women survivors also lost family members. Many are not able to find or maintain jobs because of their psychological condition. Many remain without a stable source of income and live in poverty, unable to buy the medicines they need.
As rape continues to be a taboo subject, in most cases the women face stigmatisation and do not receive the recognition and vital assistance they need to help them rebuild their lives.
Ms Duckworth added: "Many women who have survived sexual violence during the war cannot get any compensation due to the complex structures of the judicial and social welfare systems in the country. In comparison to other war victims, they suffer discrimination in access to social benefits.
"The authorities must work with NGOs in developing a comprehensive strategy to ensure that survivors receive reparations, including adequate pensions, assistance with access to work and the highest achievable standard of heath-care. The government should support survivors of war crimes of sexual violence, to give them a voice to demand their rights and combat discrimination and stigmatisation they face in everyday life."
Rape and other crimes of sexual violence occurred on a massive scale during the 1992-1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was established in 1993 to prosecute serious violations of international humanitarian law, including sexual violence. However, the ICTY was only able to prosecute a limited number of cases related to sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The figure stands at 18 as of July 2009.
The War Crimes Chamber of the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina was created in 2005 to investigate and prosecute crimes which could not be prosecuted by the ICTY. To date, only 12 men have been convicted for crimes of sexual violence.
Read the full report: 'Whose justice? The women of Bosnia and Herzegovina are still waiting' here: (Adobe Acrobat *.PDF file) - http://www.amnesty.org.uk/uploads/documents/doc_19728.pdf | <urn:uuid:046a8fba-8d3e-4a05-b4f0-d960c09825ef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/print/10333 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00446-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957413 | 972 | 2.25 | 2 |
Update Microsoft Security Essentials On Computers Without Internet
Microsoft Security Essentials is a security software for Windows operating systems that is offered as a free download by Microsoft. The program provides additional protection against different types of malware including computer worms and trojans.
Security Essentials is a signature based security software which means that it can only protect the system at its fullest if the signature database is regularly updated.
It needs to be noted that the program is not as effective as third-party antivirus software when it comes to protecting the system against malicious programs.
This is in contrast to heuristics software which might also identify files as malware on their behavior alone even if no signature is available.
But Microsoft Security Essentials is signature based which can be problematic if the software is installed on a computer without permanent Internet connection.
You need an Internet connection to update Microsoft Security Essentials. While that may not be a problem most of them time in these days, it may be one under certain circumstances.
If you want to update a PC without direct Internet connection for example, or if your Internet connection is down or very slow, you may want to download the signature updates manually instead, maybe from another system, to deploy it then on the PC without direct access.Microsoft has made available the following signature files that you can download to your system and then deploy on other computer systems running the application.
Microsoft Security Essentials Signature Download
The files that are downloaded are executable files. Launching them on the target system will automatically update the Microsoft Security Essentials signature database to include the latest malicious software information.
Please note that Microsoft Security Essentials is not available for Windows 8, as it is integrated in the system together with Windows Defender. There is no need to download these updates if you are running Windows 8 or a newer version of Windows.Advertisement | <urn:uuid:2174be8f-ba7c-474f-9357-9ae7a6c2e608> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ghacks.net/2010/06/08/update-microsoft-security-essentials-on-computers-without-internet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.917801 | 372 | 1.695313 | 2 |
A lot of what we do in the news business is glorified busywork. This is not always obvious. In fact, some journalists spend their days digging for actual facts and reporting them in stories that advance the march of civilization. Thanks to those heroic souls, the rest of us get to hold on to a few shreds of dignity.
But when the economy is in the news, and particularly when Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan is jiggering interest rates, the shocking busywork reality becomes painfully clear. As this week began, the Fed was widely expected to raise interest rates. With millions of homeowners fretting about whether there's a housing bubble, and whether the Fed might pop it by taking rates upward, this story has a gigantic natural audience.
Shortly before the Fed's decision was announced, I checked online to see how it was being framed. Many Web sites were offering an Associated Press wire story, headlined "Fed Likely to Raise Rate a Quarter-Point," that began:
While mortgage rates and other interest rates are expected to keep rising this year, those increases are likely to continue at a gradual pace unless inflation becomes a threat. But with oil prices surging to record highs, the worry about out-of-control inflation remains very real. Analysts said if policy makers at the Federal Reserve grow concerned that inflation is becoming a problem, they are likely to start pushing up interest rates at a much more rapid clip.
Got that? Like economics itself, economic journalism is a dismal, foggy realm where the hapless news consumer is constantly bumping into weird conditionals and subjunctives. Even when there's authentic news to report—the rate hike—the fog barely lifts. After the Fed's decision was announced, the first story I saw on Google News reported it this way:
A nod to rising inflation pressures from the Federal Reserve sent U.S. rate futures tumbling on Tuesday as dealers looked for the Fed's program of U.S. interest-rate hikes to continue unabated. Although the Federal Open Market Committee, which raised official benchmark rates a quarter percentage point as expected, maintained its pledge for 'measured' rate increases, it also noted potential for rising prices and appeared ready to get more aggressive if necessary.
This was a Reuters story, and based on the insider language (what are "rate futures," anyway?), one can guess it was written for an elite minority of market professionals who understand such things. The second story I saw, on the MarketWatch.com Web site, delivered a much cleaner version: "The Federal Reserve raised interest rates as expected Tuesday and said it is getting more worried about inflation."
The real problem is the nonstop stream of gassy speculation that predominates in economic coverage and does little except fill empty space and airtime. This is especially true in coverage of the hot housing market, now such a popular topic it's hard to avoid. Barely a week goes by when some major news outlet isn't playing around with the numbers, placing odds on which cities will have a bubble and which won't.
Still, the tone suggests that even if there is a housing bubble and it bursts, with the help of your friends in the media, you'll find a way to be spared. The sunny, you-can-get-rich voice that the personal-finance magazines perfected long ago has spread far and wide. "Got a million dollars to spare?" CNBC asked in an online story I read this week. "Despite fears that the real estate market is a bubble that's ready to burst, there are some U.S. cities where home prices are still 'undervalued' and a million dollars can still get you a very plush pad."
The bubble story has such popular appeal, it's crossed over from the economics and personal-finance categories to general interest, and even the op-ed pages. Last month, Michael Kinsley of the Los Angeles Times wrote a fun bubble column that began:
Pop! That is the sound of the real estate bubble bursting. And it's a good thing. It is obvious to me that today's real estate prices are a speculative bubble that is about to burst. Of course, this has been obvious to me for about three decades, and I've been wrong almost all of that time. Nevertheless. One piece of evidence is the Dinner Party Index. The boom is over when more people are bored by real estate anecdotes ... than have got new ones. Another reason the value of your house is about to plunge is that the Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, and The Washington Post all say that it isn't.
This isn't completely fair to the mainstream media. What the big news outlets really do is play both sides against the middle, reporting that while there might just possibly be a bubble—in some regions—there also are very convincing arguments that there might not be. Thus covering their prognosticating posteriors. The classic dodge is the question mark: "Can Anything Stop the Housing Market?" asked The Washington Post in a January headline. "Will the Market Stay Strong, or Will It Fold?" wondered a New York Times headline last fall.
In its April issue, Money magazine even offers a little Bubble Watch feature with cute exclamatory arguments for each side: "It's A Bubble!" ("Prices can't soar like this forever"), and "No, It's Not!" ("The boom has lots of room").
Take your pick, but bear in mind that it doesn't really matter to us news folk how you choose. This is cotton-candy journalism, devoid of substance. We're just keeping busy. | <urn:uuid:5ddaed00-1340-4800-8fcd-80c0e33281f8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/03/gas-bubble/303928/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00170-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96942 | 1,148 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Acts of Union 1707
|Long title||An Act for a Union of the Two Kingdoms of England and Scotland|
|Citation||6 Anne c. 11|
|Territorial extent||Kingdom of England (inc. Wales)|
Status: Current legislation
|Revised text of statute as amended|
|Long title||Act Ratifying and Approving the Treaty of Union of the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England|
|Citation||Anne c. 7|
|Territorial extent||Kingdom of Scotland|
Status: Current legislation
|Revised text of statute as amended|
The Acts of Union were two Acts of Parliament: the Union with Scotland Act 1706 passed by the Parliament of England, and the Union with England Act passed in 1707 by the Parliament of Scotland. They put into effect the terms of the Treaty of Union that had been agreed on 22 July 1706, following negotiation between commissioners representing the parliaments of the two countries. By the two Acts, the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland—which at the time were separate states with separate legislatures, but with the same monarch—were, in the words of the Treaty, "United into One Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain".
The two countries had shared a monarch since the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when King James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne from his double first cousin twice removed, Queen Elizabeth I. Although described as a Union of Crowns, until 1707 there were in fact two separate Crowns resting on the same head (as opposed to the implied creation of a single Crown and a single Kingdom, exemplified by the later Kingdom of Great Britain). There had been three attempts in 1606, 1667, and 1689 to unite the two countries by Acts of Parliament, but it was not until the early 18th century that both political establishments came to support the idea, albeit for different reasons.
The Acts took effect on 1 May 1707. On this date, the Scottish Parliament and the English Parliament united to form the Parliament of Great Britain, based in the Palace of Westminster in London, the home of the English Parliament. Hence, the Acts are referred to as the Union of the Parliaments. On the Union, the historian Simon Schama said "What began as a hostile merger, would end in a full partnership in the most powerful going concern in the world ... it was one of the most astonishing transformations in European history."
- 1 Historical background
- 2 Political motivations
- 3 Provisions of the Acts
- 4 Criticisms
- 5 300th anniversary
- 6 Scottish voting records
- 7 See also
- 8 Notes
- 9 References
- 10 External links
Previous attempts at union
England and Scotland were separate states for several centuries before eventual union, and English attempts to take over Scotland by military force in the late 13th and early 14th centuries were ultimately unsuccessful (see the Wars of Scottish Independence). The first attempts at Union surrounded the foreseen unification[clarification needed] of the Royal lines of Scotland and England. In pursuing the Scottish throne in the 1560s, Mary, Queen of Scots pledged herself to a peaceful union between the two kingdoms.
England and Scotland were ruled by the same king for the first time in 1603 when James VI of Scotland also became the king of England. However they remained two separate states until 1 May 1707.
Early Stuart union
The first attempt to unite the parliaments of England and Scotland was by Mary's son, King James VI and I. On his accession to the English throne in 1603 King James announced his intention to unite his two realms so that he would not be "guilty of bigamy". James used his Royal prerogative powers to take the style of 'King of Great Britain' and to give an explicitly British character to his court and person. Whilst James assumed the creation of a full union was a foregone conclusion, the Parliament of England was concerned that the formation of a new state would deprive England of its ancient liberties, taking on the more absolutist monarchical structure James had previously enjoyed in Scotland. In the meantime, James declared that Great Britain be viewed 'as presently united, and as one realm and kingdom, and the subjects of both realms as one people'.
The Scottish and English parliaments established a commission to negotiate a union, formulating an instrument of union between the two countries. However, the idea of political union was unpopular, and when James dropped his policy of a speedy union, the topic quietly disappeared from the legislative agenda. When the House of Commons attempted to revive the proposal in 1610, it was met with a more open hostility.
Union during the interregnum
The Solemn League and Covenant 1643 sought a forced union of the Church of England into the Church of Scotland, and although the covenant referred repeatedly to union between the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, a political union was not spelled out.
In the aftermath of the Civil War, in which the Covenanters had fought for the King, Oliver Cromwell occupied Scotland and began a process of creating a 'Godly Britannic' Union between the former Kingdoms. In 1651, the Parliament of England issued the Tender of Union declaration supporting Scotland's incorporation into the Commonwealth and sent Commissioners to Scotland with the express purpose of securing support for Union, which was assented to by the Commissioners (Members of Parliament) in Scotland. On 12 April 1654, Cromwell – styling himself Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland – enacted An Ordinance by the Protector for the Union of England and Scotland, which created 'one Commonwealth and under one Government' to be known as the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. The ordinance was ratified by the Second Protectorate Parliament, as an Act of Union, on 26 June 1657. One united Parliament sat in Westminster, with 30 representatives from Scotland and 30 from Ireland joining the existing members from England. Whilst free trade was brought about amongst the new Commonwealth, the economic benefits were generally not felt as a result of heavy taxation used to fund Cromwell's New Model Army.
This republican union was dissolved automatically with the restoration of King Charles II to the thrones of England and Scotland. Scottish members expelled from the Commonwealth Parliament petitioned unsuccessfully for a continuance of the union. Cromwell's union had simultaneously raised interest in and suspicion of the concept of union and when Charles II attempted to recreate the union and fulfil the work of his grandfather in 1669, negotiations between Commissioners ground to a halt.
An abortive scheme for union occurred in Scotland in 1670.
Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the records of the Parliament of Scotland show much discussion of possible union. William and Mary, whilst supportive of the idea, had no interest in allowing it to delay their enthronement. Impetus for this incorporating union came almost entirely from King William, who feared leaving Scotland open to a French invasion. In the 1690s, the economic position of Scotland worsened, and relations between Scotland and England became strained. In the following decade, however, union again became a significant topic of political debate.
Treaty and passage of the Acts of 1707
Deeper political integration had been a key policy of Queen Anne from the time she acceded to the throne in 1702. Under the aegis of the Queen and her ministers in both kingdoms, the parliaments of England and Scotland agreed to participate in fresh negotiations for a union treaty in 1705.
Both countries appointed 31 commissioners to conduct the negotiations. Most of the Scottish commissioners favoured union, and about half were government ministers and other officials. At the head of the list was Queensberry, and the Lord Chancellor of Scotland, the Earl of Seafield. The English commissioners included the Lord High Treasurer, the Earl of Godolphin, the Lord Keeper, Baron Cowper, and a large number of Whigs who supported union. Tories were not in favour of union and only one was represented among the commissioners.
Negotiations between the English and Scottish commissioners took place between 16 April and 22 July 1706 at the Cockpit in London. Each side had its own particular concerns. Within a few days, England gained a guarantee that the Hanoverian dynasty would succeed Queen Anne to the Scottish crown, and Scotland received a guarantee of access to colonial markets, in the hope that they would be placed on an equal footing in terms of trade.
After negotiations ended in July 1706, the acts had to be ratified by both Parliaments. In Scotland, about 100 of the 227 members of the Parliament of Scotland were supportive of the Court Party. For extra votes the pro-court side could rely on about 25 members of the Squadrone Volante, led by the Marquess of Montrose and the Duke of Roxburghe. Opponents of the court were generally known as the Country party, and included various factions and individuals such as the Duke of Hamilton, Lord Belhaven and Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun, who spoke forcefully and passionately against the union. The Court party enjoyed significant funding from England and the Treasury and included many who had accumulated debts following the Darien Disaster.
In Scotland, the Duke of Queensberry was largely responsible for the successful passage of the Union act by the Scottish Parliament. In Scotland, he received much criticism from local residents, but in England he was cheered for his action. He had received around half of the funding awarded by the Westminster treasury for himself. In April 1707, he travelled to London to attend celebrations at the royal court, and was greeted by groups of noblemen and gentry lined along the road. From Barnet, the route was lined with crowds of cheering people, and once he reached London a huge crowd had formed. On 17 April, the Duke was gratefully received by the Queen at Kensington Palace.
The English purpose was to ensure that Scotland would not choose a monarch different from the one on the English throne. The two countries had shared a king for much of the previous century, but the English were concerned that an independent Scotland with a different king, even if he were a Protestant, might make alliances against England. The English succession was provided for by the English Act of Settlement 1701, which ensured that the monarch of England would be a Protestant member of the House of Hanover. Until the Union of Parliaments, the Scottish throne might be inherited by a different successor after Queen Anne: the Scottish Act of Security 1704 granted parliament the right to choose a successor and explicitly required a choice different from the English monarch unless the English were to grant free trade and navigation. Many people in England were unhappy about the prospect, however. English overseas possessions made England very wealthy in comparison to Scotland, a poor country with few roads, very little industry and almost no Navy. This made some view unification as a markedly unequal relationship.
In Scotland, some claimed that union would enable Scotland to recover from the financial disaster wrought by the Darien scheme through English assistance and the lifting of measures put in place through the Alien Act to force the Scottish Parliament into compliance with the Act of Settlement.
The combined votes of the Court party with a majority of the Squadrone Volante were sufficient to ensure the final passage of the treaty through the House.
Personal financial interests were also allegedly involved. Many Commissioners had invested heavily in the Darien Scheme and they believed that they would receive compensation for their losses; Article 15 granted £398,085 10s sterling to Scotland, a sum known as The Equivalent, to offset future liability towards the English national debt. In essence it was also used as a means of compensation for investors in the Company of Scotland's Darien Scheme, as 58.6% was allocated to its shareholders and creditors.
Even more direct bribery was also said to be a factor. £20,000 (£240,000 Scots) was dispatched to Scotland for distribution by the Earl of Glasgow. James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry, the Queen's Commissioner in Parliament, received £12,325, more than 60% of the funding. (Some contend that all of this money was properly accounted for as compensation for loss of office, pensions and so forth not outwith the usual run of government. It is perhaps a debate that will never be set to rest. However, modern research has shown that payments were made to supporters of union that appear not to have been overdue salaries. At least four payments were made to people who were not even members of the Scottish Parliament.) Robert Burns referred to this:
We're bought and sold for English Gold,
Such a Parcel of Rogues in a Nation.
Some of the money was used to hire spies, such as Daniel Defoe; his first reports were of vivid descriptions of violent demonstrations against the Union. "A Scots rabble is the worst of its kind," he reported, "for every Scot in favour there is 99 against". Years later Sir John Clerk of Penicuik, originally a leading Unionist, wrote in his memoirs that,
(Defoe) was a spy among us, but not known as such, otherwise the Mob of Edinburgh would pull him to pieces.
Defoe recalls that he was hired by Robert Harley.
The Treaty could be considered unpopular in Scotland: Sir George Lockhart of Carnwath, the only member of the Scottish negotiating team against union, noted that "The whole nation appears against the Union" and even Sir John Clerk of Penicuik, an ardent pro-unionist and Union negotiator, observed that the treaty was "contrary to the inclinations of at least three-fourths of the Kingdom". Public opinion against the Treaty as it passed through the Scottish Parliament was voiced through petitions from shires, burghs, presbyteries and parishes. The Convention of Royal Burghs also petitioned against the Union as proposed:
That it is our indispensable duty to signify to your grace that, as we are not against an honourable and safe union with England far less can we expect to have the condition of the people of Scotland, with relation to these great concerns, made better and improved without a Scots Parliament.
Not one petition in favour of an incorporating union was received by Parliament. On the day the treaty was signed, the carilloner in St Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh, rang the bells in the tune Why should I be so sad on my wedding day? Threats of widespread civil unrest resulted in Parliament imposing martial law.
Ireland, the third of the "sister kingdoms", was not included in the union. The effective government of Ireland was in the hands of the 'Protestant Ascendancy', a minority elite (about 10% of the population). The Roman Catholic majority were systematically excluded from political and military discourse through a series of post-Cromwellian Penal Laws, limiting their rights to property, education, and the franchise.
In July 1707 each House of the Parliament of Ireland passed a congratulatory address to Queen Anne, praying that "May God put it in your royal heart to add greater strength and lustre to your crown, by a still more comprehensive Union". The British government did not respond to the invitation and an equal union between Great Britain and Ireland was out of consideration until the 1790s.
Ireland's benefits from the Union of 1707 were therefore few. Its preferential status in trade with England now extended to Scotland. However, Ireland was left unequal and unrepresented in the Parliament of Great Britain. The Kingdom of Ireland was to remain separate, and legally subordinate to Great Britain until 1784. The union with Ireland finally came about on 1 January 1801.
Provisions of the Acts
The Treaty of Union, agreed between representatives of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1706, consisted of 25 articles, 15 of which were economic in nature. In Scotland, each article was voted on separately and several clauses in articles were delegated to specialised subcommittees. Article 1 of the treaty was based on the political principle of an incorporating union and this was secured by a majority of 116 votes to 83 on 4 November 1706. To minimise the opposition of the Church of Scotland, an Act was also passed to secure the Presbyterian establishment of the Church, after which the Church stopped its open opposition, although hostility remained at lower levels of the clergy. The treaty as a whole was finally ratified on 16 January 1707 by a majority of 110 votes to 69.
The two Acts incorporated provisions for Scotland to send representative peers from the Peerage of Scotland to sit in the House of Lords. It guaranteed that the Church of Scotland would remain the established church in Scotland, that the Court of Session would "remain in all time coming within Scotland", and that Scots law would "remain in the same force as before". Other provisions included the restatement of the Act of Settlement 1701 and the ban on Roman Catholics from taking the throne. It also created a customs union and monetary union.
The Act provided that any "laws and statutes" that were "contrary to or inconsistent with the terms" of the Act would "cease and become void."
Soon after the Union, the Act 6 Anne c.40—later infelicitously named the Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707—united the English and Scottish Privy Councils and decentralised Scottish administration by appointing justices of the peace in each shire to carry out administration. In effect it took the day-to-day government of Scotland out of the hands of politicians and into those of the College of Justice.
The English and Scottish parliaments had evolved along different lines; especially, the Parliament of Scotland had been unicameral while that of England had been bicameral. Following Union, the parliament at Westminster followed the English model.
Defoe drew upon his Scottish experience to write his Tour thro' the whole Island of Great Britain, published in 1726, where he admitted that the increase of trade and population in Scotland, which he had predicted as a consequence of the Union, was "not the case, but rather the contrary".
However, by the time Samuel Johnson and James Boswell made their tour in 1773, recorded in A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland, Johnson noted that Scotland was "a nation of which the commerce is hourly extending, and the wealth increasing" and in particular that Glasgow had become one of the greatest cities of Britain.
The Scottish Executive held a number of commemorative events through the year including an education project led by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, an exhibition of Union-related objects and documents at the National Museums of Scotland and an exhibition of portraits of people associated with the Union at the National Galleries of Scotland.
Scottish voting records
- Acts of Union 1800
- Andrew Fletcher
- Daniel Defoe
- History of democracy
- List of treaties
- MacCormick v Lord Advocate
- Parliament of the United Kingdom
- Political union
- Real union
- English independence
- Scottish independence
- Unionism in Scotland
- Welsh independence
- The citation of this Act by this short title was authorised by section 1 of, and Schedule 1 to, the Short Titles Act 1896. Due to the repeal of those provisions, it is now authorised by section 19(2) of the Interpretation Act 1978.
- Article I of the Treaty of Union
- Act of Union 1707, Article 3
- Simon Schama (presenter) (22 May 2001). "Britannia Incorporated". A History of Britain. Episode 10. 3 minutes in. BBC One.
- Larkin, James F.; Hughes, Paul L., eds. (1973). Stuart Royal Proclamations: Volume I. Clarendon Press. p. 19.
- Lockyer, R. (1998). James VI and I. London: Addison Wesley Longman. pp. 51–52. ISBN 0-582-27962-3.
- Lockyer, op. cit., pp. 54–59
- Parliament.uk Archived 10 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
- Lockyer, op. cit., p.59
- Parliament.uk Archived 12 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
- The 1657 Act's long title was An Act and Declaration touching several Acts and Ordinances made since 20 April 1653, and before 3 September 1654, and other Acts
- C. Whatley, op. cit., p.95
- C. Whatley, op. cit., p.30
- Whatley, C. (2006). The Scots and the Union. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0-7486-1685-3.
- "The commissioners". UK Parliament website. 2007. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
- "The course of negotiations". UK Parliament website. 2007. Archived from the original on 21 July 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
- "Ratification". UK parliament website. 2007. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
- "1 May 1707 – the Union comes into effect". UK Parliament website. 2007. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
- Whatley, C. A. (2001). Bought and sold for English Gold? Explaining the Union of 1707. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. p. 48. ISBN 1-86232-140-X.
- Watt, Douglas. The Price of Scotland: Darien, Union and the wealth of nations. Luath Press 2007.
- Parliament.uk Archived 25 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
- "Scottish Referendums". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-03-16.
- The Humble Address of the Commissioners to the General Convention of the Royal Burrows of this Ancient Kingdom Convened the Twenty-Ninth of October 1706, at Edinburgh
- Notes by John Purser to CD Scotland's Music, Facts about Edinburgh.
- Journals of the Irish Commons, vol. iii. p. 421
- Riley, P. J. W. (1969). "The Union of 1707 as an Episode in English Politics". The English Historical Review. 84 (332): 498–527 [pp. 523–524]. doi:10.1093/ehr/lxxxiv.cccxxxii.498. JSTOR 562482.
- House of Lords – Written answers, 6 November 2006, TheyWorkForYou.com
- Announced by the Scottish Culture Minister, Patricia Ferguson, 9 November 2006
- Defoe, Daniel. A tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain, 1724–27
- Defoe, Daniel. The Letters of Daniel Defoe, GH Healey editor. Oxford: 1955.
- Fletcher, Andrew (Saltoun). An Account of a Conversation
- Herman, Arthur. How the Scots Invented the Modern World. Three Rivers Press, 2001. ISBN 0-609-80999-7
- Lockhart, George, "The Lockhart Papers", 1702–1728
|Wikisource has original text related to this article:|
- Union with England Act and Union with Scotland Act – Full original text
- Treaty of Union and the Darien Experiment, University of Guelph, McLaughlin Library, Library and Archives Canada
- Text of the Union with Scotland Act 1706 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk
- Text of the Union with England Act 1707 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk | <urn:uuid:26a0d996-a180-4a8c-bcca-cc70c6dda767> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00047-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967954 | 4,898 | 4.125 | 4 |
"No, make no mistake. It's not revenge he's after. It's a reckoning." -- Val Kilmer as Doc Holliday in Tombstone, 1993.
Everyone has heard, often without attribution, of Lord Acton's dictum, “Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely.” Who was Lord Acton? Wikipedia tells us:
John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton, KCVO, DL (10 January 1834 – 19 June 1902), known as Sir John Dalberg-Acton, 8th Bt from 1837 to 1869 and usually referred to simply as Lord Acton, was an English historian, the only son of Sir Ferdinand Dalberg-Acton, 7th Baronet and grandson of the Neapolitan admiral, Sir John Acton, 6th Baronet. He was born in Naples. . . From an ancient Roman Catholic family, young Acton was educated at Oscott College under Dr (afterwards Cardinal) Wiseman until 1848 and then at Edinburgh where he studied privately. At Munich, Acton resided in the house of Döllinger, the great scholar and subsequent leader of the Old Catholic party, with whom he became lifelong friends. He had endeavoured to procure admission to Cambridge, but for a Roman Catholic this was impossible at that time. Nonetheless, Döllinger had inspired in him a deep love of historical research and a profound conception of its functions as a critical instrument. He was a master of the principal foreign languages and began at an early age to collect a magnificent historical library, with the object—which, however, he never realized—of writing a great "History of Liberty." In politics, he was always an ardent Liberal.
(MBV Note: "Liberal" carried a far different meaning then than it does now. In the British context in 19th century the Liberal Party was broadly in favor of what would today be called classical liberalism: supporting laissez-faire economic policies such as free trade and minimal government interference in the economy and favored social reform, personal liberty, reducing the powers of the Crown and the Church of England and an extension of the right to vote)
Although not a notable traveller, Acton spent much time in the chief intellectual centres of Europe and in the United States and numbered among his friends such men as Montalembert, Tocqueville, Fustel de Coulanges, Bluntschli, von Sybel and Ranke. . . Acton took a great interest in America, considering its Federal structure the perfect guarantor of individual liberties. During the American Civil War, his sympathies lay entirely with the Confederacy, for their defense of States' Rights against a centralized government that, by all historical precedent, would inevitably turn tyrannical. His notes to Gladstone on the subject helped sway many in the British government to sympathize with the South. After the South's surrender, he wrote to Robert E. Lee that "I mourn for the stake which was lost at Richmond more deeply than I rejoice over that which was saved at Waterloo." . .
In 1870 came the great crisis in Roman Catholicism over Pope Pius IX's promulgation of the doctrine of papal infallibility. Lord Acton, who was in complete sympathy on this subject with Döllinger, went to Rome in order to throw all his influence against it, but the step he so much dreaded was not to be averted. The Old Catholic separation followed, but Acton did not personally join the seceders, and the authorities prudently refrained from forcing the hands of so competent and influential an English layman. It was in this context that, in a letter he wrote to scholar and ecclesiastic Mandell Creighton, dated April 1887, Acton made his most famous pronouncement:
"I cannot accept your canon that we are to judge Pope and King unlike other men with a favourable presumption that they did no wrong. If there is any presumption, it is the other way, against the holders of power, increasing as the power increases. Historic responsibility has to make up for the want of legal responsibility. Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men, even when they exercise influence and not authority: still more when you superadd the tendency or certainty of corruption by full authority. There is no worse heresy than the fact that the office sanctifies the holder of it."
How much historical wisdom is packed into that single paragraph!
Other famous sayings of Lord Acton include:
* “The strong man with the dagger is followed by the weak man with the sponge.”
* “There is not a soul who does not have to beg alms of another, either a smile, a handshake, or a fond eye.”
* “The one pervading evil of democracy is the tyranny of the majority, or rather of that party, not always the majority, that succeeds, by force or fraud, in carrying elections.”
* “Be not content with the best book; seek sidelights from the others; have no favourites.”
* "The science of politics is the one science that is deposited by the streams of history, like the grains of gold in the sand of a river; and the knowledge of the past, the record of truths revealed by experience, is eminently practical, as an instrument of action and a power that goes to making the future."
* “[History is] not a burden on the memory but an illumination of the soul.”
* “And remember, where you have a concentration of power in a few hands, all too frequently men with the mentality of gangsters get control. History has proven that.”
* "The issue which has swept down the centuries and which will have to be fought sooner or later is the people versus the banks."
* "The danger is not that a particular class is unfit to govern: every class is unfit to govern."
* "Liberty is not the power of doing what we like, but the right to do what we ought."
* "There is no error so monstrous that it fails to find defenders among the ablest men."
* "At all times sincere friends of freedom have been rare, and its triumphs have been due to minorities, that have prevailed by associating themselves with auxiliaries whose objects differed from their own; and this association, which is always dangerous, has been sometimes disastrous, by giving to opponents just grounds of opposition."
* "In the Moral Sciences Prejudice is Dishonesty. A Historian has to fight against temptations special to his mode of life, temptations from Country, Class, Church, College, Party, Authority of talents, solicitation of friends. The most respectable of these influences are the most dangerous. The historian who neglects to root them out is exactly like a juror who votes according to his personal likes or dislikes."
* "Character is tested by true sentiments more than by conduct. A man is seldom better than his word. History is better written from letters than from histories; let a man criminate himself. No public character has ever stood the revelation of private utterances and correspondence."
* "Socialism means slavery."
How many left-collectivists who are happy to quote Acton on the corruptibility of power when applied to their enemies would choke if they knew he also said that last bit of wisdom? All of them, I expect.
But there are some other observations of Acton's that I would like to highlight today which, like the famous paragraph above, comes from his correspondence with Bishop Creighton. He makes them in the process of expressing his moral philosophy that it is right and proper for an historian to carry over into his professional work the condemnation of murder, theft, and violence whether committed by an individual, the state, or the Church.
No doubt the responsibility in such a case is shared by those who ask for a thing. But if the thing is criminal . . . the person who authorises the act shares the guilt of the person who commits it. . . The greatest crime is Homicide. The accomplice is no better than the assassin; the theorist is worst. . . Crimes by constituted authorities worse than crimes by Madame Tussaud’s private malefactors. . . Murder may be done by legal means, by plausible and profitable war, by calumny, as well as by dose or dagger. . . The responsibility exists whether the thing permitted be good or bad. If the thing be criminal then the authority permitting it bears the guilt. . .
Julius Streicher in the dock at Nuremberg.
"The theorist is worst."
I most recently came across this observation of Acton's in Joseph E. Persico's classic history Nuremberg: Infamy on trial. There has been rattling around in the back of my head an uncompleted essay on what the moral and legal culpability will be for those in academia, the media and politics who lay the intellectual groundwork for tyranny and civil war. I pulled down Persico's book to go over once more the cases of Julius Streicher and Alfred Rosenberg.
Reichsleiter Alfred Rosenberg at the height of his glory.
Streicher was the founder and publisher of Der Stürmer newspaper, which became a central element of the Nazi propaganda machine. He also wrote three anti-Semitic books for children, including the 1938 Der Giftpilz ("The Toadstool" or "The Poison-Mushroom"), one of the most widespread pieces of Nazi propaganda, which purported to warn about insidious dangers Jews posed by using the metaphor of an attractive yet deadly mushroom.
Rosenberg, author of The Myth of the Twentieth Century, was an early and intellectually influential member of the Nazi Party and was one of the main authors of key Nazi ideological creeds, including its racial theories, persecution of the Jews, Lebensraum, abrogation of the Treaty of Versailles, opposition to "degenerate" modern art and the rejection of Christianity in favor of a "Positive Christianity," which he intended to be transitional to a new Nazi faith embracing the paganism of ancient tribal Germany.
Neither man had killed anyone during the Nazi regime. Many on the Nuremberg prosecution team struggled with the idea that the two should be put to death for simply laying the intellectual predicate for German military aggression and the Holocaust.
Persico describes U.S. Army psychiatrist Douglas Kelley's thoughts on Rosenberg during the trial:
As Brudno wrapped up his summation, Douglas Kelley's eyes remained on Rosenberg. A foolish man, a pompous man, and, in the philosophical rubbish that he had peddled, a muddled mind. But a capital case? Kelley wondered. Granted, the prosecution had proved that Rosenberg oversaw the wholesale theft of art and furnishings from Jewish homes in subjugated countries. But he had never killed anyone. In his role as minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories, he had actually tried to prevent the wholesale butchery carried out in the Soviet Union. His authority, however, had quickly been undermined by more brutal SS figures. As Kelley studied the face in the dock, he asked himself who had helped indoctrinate these butchers to their murderous hatred. He thought of Lord Acton's words: "The greatest crime is homicide. The accomplice is no better than the assassin. The theorist is worst."
Both Streicher and Rosenberg were convicted of war crimes and hanged at Nuremberg.
Streicher and Rosenberg after their dates with U.S. Army hangman Master Sergeant John C. Woods.
This should be a cautionary tale for those who today lay the intellectual predicate for collectivist tyranny and civil war in this country.
For those who promote the right of the regime to do anything if it suits their purposes.
For those who aid and abet in the destruction of Founders' Republic and the rule of law.
For those who advocate the killing of innocents.
For those who excuse or aid in the cover up of deadly government misadventure.
For those who advocate citizen disarmament, property seizure and "reasonable regulation" as the immediate handmaidens of tyranny.
For they should know, being educated men and women, that Acton was right.
The theorist IS worst.
And there WILL be a reckoning.
Master Sergeant John C. Woods, U.S. Army hangman at Nuremberg. Woods later told the U.S. Army's Stars and Stripes newspaper that he enjoyed the task, saying that "hanging those Nazis was the best thing I ever did."
LATER: It strikes me that since I am preaching to the converted here, it wouldn't be "a badness thing" as John Ringo says if the converted were to help me get the word out to the heathen. If you agree with what I've written above and encounter tyranny-excusing theorists in your walk through life, please feel free to copy this essay and mail it to them, or email them the link. Let them contemplate the possibility of carefully crafted lengths of hemp as a reckoning. | <urn:uuid:722b0696-0c96-4c07-98e1-3ef9e7067a88> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sipseystreetirregulars.blogspot.com/2010/07/theorist-is-worse.html?showComment=1278370750288 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969303 | 2,727 | 2.203125 | 2 |
cre·a·tive /kriˈetɪv, ˈkriˌ/
Cre·a·tive a. Having the power to create; exerting the act of creation. “Creative talent.”
The creative force exists in the germ. --Whewell.
adj 1: having the ability or power to create; "a creative
imagination" [syn: originative] [ant: uncreative]
2: promoting construction or creation; "creative work"
3: having the power to bring into being [syn: originative] | <urn:uuid:3b26735c-06d3-4dc1-b29a-c86be1831f84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dict.tw/dict/creative | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.836287 | 158 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Comparative effects of various antibiotics, fungicides and disinfectants on Aphanomyces invaderis and other saprolegniaceous fungi.
A total of 54 isolates of various fish-pathogenic and saprophytic fungi were characterized in terms of their susceptibility to 3 antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin and oxolinic acid), 3 fungicides (malachite green, hydrogen peroxide and sodium chloride) and 3 disinfectants (an iodophore, sodium hypochlorite and a solution of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide). A. invaderis, the fungus associated with the Asian fish disease epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS); other Aphanomyces sp. isolates from the similar conditions redspot disease (RSD) and mycotic granulomatosis (MG); and the crayfish plague fungus, A. astaci, were more sensitive to most of the chemical agents than the other fungi tested (Achlya and Saprolegnia spp.). Two compounds currently being considered for use in aquaculture, hydrogen peroxide and Proxitane 0510, were shown to have some potential for fungicidal treatments and disinfection, respectively. The implications of this study with respect to the isolation, treatment and control of A. invaderis are discussed. | <urn:uuid:be4b285e-06c6-4bc2-b535-3b2d3cd6d3ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cabi.org/isc/abstract/19971201319 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.9112 | 280 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Islam and Women's Rights
The story of woman's rights and her liberty is one of the live and attractive issues being discussed over the last few years in the Eastern circles. Islamic countries are also faced with this debate, and different societies have different views in this regard, positive and/or negative.
Occasionally the matter extends beyond the limits of a debate and quietly enters the field of action making some special appearances in the Islamic environment. This issue of freedom and equality of rights is occasionally extended to such lengths; rightly or wrongly, that it reaches sensational limits, sometimes to the extent of being dangerous and repulsive.
Naturally in these discussions or actions, the name of Islam is also dragged in and various interpretations of the Islamic viewpoint are made in this regard. Some say that Islam is totally opposed to any liberty or progress for women and declare that Islam regards woman as a lowly weakling totally captive in the hands of man, deprived of all rights and social privileges.
She, according to them, has no right to property or dignity, not even in the selection of her husband and determination of her own destiny. She is deprived of the blessing of letters and is required to stay, with her eyes and ears closed, in the corner of her house, detached from society, to obediently perform every whim of her husband. She is condemned to live the life of a miserable creature that has no wider role to play in the human society. The life envisaged for her is the mean life of a helpless captive condemned to live and die without rights and without dignity. This is one type of thinking in regard to Islam's view of women's rights.
There is another group of extremists who feel that they can stretch Islamic laws in accordance with their whims and fancies and make the sacred laws of Islam march in step with their own imagination at all cost. They feel that Islam has granted all sorts of rights and freedom to woman so as to permit her to intervene in all social spheres along with men, working shoulder to shoulder with him.
At times she is pictured as being present on the battlefront and, sometimes, supposed to decorate the seat of a deputy or a minister. She may roll up her sleeves and work to launch missiles, hold the command of an army or sign a treaty of peace.
She is also, at times, required to dance in rhythm with men and twine her arms in the arms of any friend or stranger or appear in her bikini, bathing in public swimming pools or at the beaches. They are those who do not consider it wise, in view of social considerations, to formally negate the Islamic doctrines. They, therefore, try as far as possible, to explain and interpret Islamic laws so as to meet their objectives.
There is another group which, without the least reservation or hesitation, openly and clearly pursue their objectives. It is none of their business that the country is an Islamic state or its people followers of the teachings of Islam. Irrespective of all this, they move ahead in the direction of their whims and fancies and senseless imitation of others.
As to the question how this debate started, what its origin is, here are the clues.
A woman in the tribal and barbaric societies was considered a subhuman beast or a chattel used to fulfil sensual needs and required to perform menial and worthless jobs. She was a bonded labourer who lived only to be exploited by man in whatever manner he deemed fit. She did not live to enjoy life or exercise human rights and privileges.
Later, in semi‑barbaric or half‑civilized human societies, woman continued to be the subject of debate, and different opinions were expressed about her such as:
• woman is the abominable creation of the devil;
• she does not have a human soul, hence no life in the Hereafter;
• women's deeds are not acceptable to God;
• being a means of satanic seduction, she should be physically tortured;
• death, poison, fire and the serpent are lesser evils compared to her;
• girls should be buried alive to wash away the scars of disgrace;
• woman is a human being, but was created to serve man.
These and other such views in regard to woman have been expressed by the ancient Romans, Arabs, Frenchmen and Athenians.
Europe's civilized societies recognize woman as a human being but deprive her of many a human right. They even did not consider her to be a citizen of the state, nor granted her any personal rights. A girl was required to accept anyone selected by her guardians as her husband.
She was only the means of fulfilling the carnal desires of man and maintained for this purpose. She was used to work on farms and at home on the one hand, and, on the other, to satisfy man's sexual passions; beyond this she had no significant legal protection.
Before the advent of the Industrial Revolution, European families lived a simple and modest life; women helped in agriculture and household affairs. They occasionally kept themselves busy with some small handicrafts within the household.
However, the family and social life of a woman, along with her husband and children, was confined to the premises of her home, enriched by the environment of mutual love and affection. The Industrial Revolution brought into existence large industrial complexes and heavy industries. The need for large numbers of workers resulted in the break-up of the family.
Women and children had to leave the warm family atmosphere of their villages and were dragged into industrial cities and towns. Hard and tiring working conditions, break-up of families, unlawful mixing of women with men in the work premises, the pressure of sexual urges on both sides, the erosion of familial sentiments, the exploitation of unprotected and unsheltered women by the managers of industrial houses in order to satisfy their lusts, resulting in the spread of corruption, prepared the ground for a revolution.
The women felt that the burden of life had fallen on their shoulders and they had been deprived of all sentiments and privileges of a pleasant family life. They had lost their husbands, their children, their honour, their chastity and everything else.
They realized that although the war had devoured millions of men and youth, and the factory owners were in urgent need of women to keep the wheels of industries moving, yet they never attached any value to them and continued to oppress them.
Moreover, they were not even paid proper wages. Discrimination between men and women continued. The women were dragged into all types of corruption and moral pollution. The unsheltered and unprotected women, crushed under the pressure of such a life, were compelled to surrender to this forced life of indignity and sub‑human existence.
They felt that they had lost everything: they had to turn the wheel, to carry the burden and yet keep their mouths shut. They had to tolerate oppression yet abstain from protests under its crushing weight, Apparently, they were working shoulder to shoulder with men, but, in fact, they were no more than the oppressed beasts of burden fallen captive in the hands of a handful of profiteers. Every hour they had to surrender to all and sundry, suffering severe indignities for meagre wages.
The pressures caused by this atmosphere aroused their feelings and encouraged them to protest and strike resulting in their eventual arrests and killings.
Finally as a result of continued efforts, through speeches and writings, they found their way to the centres of authority and penetrated into the legislative assemblies. Slowly and gradually, they not only achieved the goal of equal pay for equal work, but also achieved equal rights with men with the right to participate in all spheres of activity. The question is, how far has this freedom and equality of rights in all spheres been to the benefit of men and women or how far has it been harmful to them? This is the subject of another debate to be discussed some other time.
Europe with its industrial advancement achieved industrial hegemony over the world. This was followed with expanded activities in other fields as well. The European civilization with its big row and fanfare succeeded in snatching the leadership of the world and attracting the attention of the backward nations.
The nations of the East were so impressed by European developments that for them anything that the Europeans did was exemplary. Their food, their dress, their mode of thinking, their etiquette, their morals, laws, their system of public rights and everything else were regarded as flawless and to be diligently imitated. They felt that whatever the Europeans did and said must be accepted with folded hands and closed eyes.
They felt that they should lay down their determination, their individual respect, their moral and material wealth, their religion and national customs and traditions at the feet of these Europeans and in turn put the chains of slavery around their necks without any complaint.
Following this allurement mixed with moral and spiritual weakness, these lovers of the West turned their eyes towards it anxiously waiting to welcome whatever came from Europe. The tumult of woman's liberation and its practical off‑shoots found their way to the Islamic countries, where they received a warm welcome as souvenirs from the West, forgetting that it was a creation of special circumstances and developments in the West that demanded such an outcome; whereas those conditions did not prevail in Islamic countries.
Islam, for the last so many centuries, had granted a dignified personality to woman, bestowing all human rights and privileges upon her, including some special rights in particular spheres. It will be discussed in detail as to how Islam did provide a special privileged position to the female sex and favoured her with a sublime position in accordance with her physical and spiritual structure.
It may be pointed out that the explosive conditions of industrial development, resulting in the break-up of families, leading to the suffering and oppression of women, and calling for a revolution in Europe, did not exist in these countries. But it was only the urge for doing what others had done that obliged the people in Islamic countries to follow suit.
They thought that whatever came from Europe was a heavenly command to be followed. On the other hand, all this had a strong appeal based on sensual and carnal desires. All these factors put together brought a group into existence that started struggling for the so‑called women's liberation. They gathered under this slogan and the result is what we see today.
Here, as we enter the main subject itself, we shall discuss the question of women's rights from the Islamic point of view, setting aside all fanaticism and keeping ourselves aloof from the pressures of the environment and the uproar of the supporters of `civilization'. Let us first of all briefly consider men and women from the point of view of physical structure, biological and psychological make‑up and see whether or not these two creatures have any difference from these
points of view. If they have, do these differences demand that each of them should have a particular limitation or special rights? Also, whether or not these legal differences in such special circumstances are incompatible or inconsistent with the human personality and social status of either of them?
The world is full of different objects and phenomena, each having its own peculiarities as different from the others. Each has its own limitations and special features that bring elegance and grace to them. There is variety amongst animals, the fauna and flora, and similarly between individuals of the same species.
Similarly, human beings are different and have particular characteristics. Whereas differences between species are deep, the differences amongst individuals are superficial. However two persons are not the same in all respects, so much so that even the fingerprints of two persons are sufficient to distinguish one from another, leave alone other aspects. One notices differences amongst people in their thoughts, capabilities, sentiments, mental and physical abilities, the intensity of instincts, outward appearance, height and weight and other internal and external factors.
The effect of these superficial differences is witnessed in the status and ranks these individuals obtain in society. Each according to his capabilities and circumstances shares the burden of the society: It is this variety that fulfils all the requirements of the society and perpetuates the movement of life.
In regard to men and women, there are some deeper observable differences that make the two sexes separate from each other and call for special duties and status for each of them. As far as the physiological structure is concerned, the male is on an average endowed with stronger nerves, physical structure, greater weight, height, and brain quantity. This by itself indicates that he is made for hard and difficult jobs.'
The part of the brain that is related to emotions is more in a female, whereas the portion of the brain dealing with thought and deliberation is greater in a male. As against this one notes that a female's body is equipped with organs to carry a child and feed it with her milk. This is a special feature bestowed upon her, indicating that a child's training is her obligation.
Training a child needs strength and richness of feelings so that the child's growing and ever‑changing demands are catered to. Undoubtedly, woman, with her special physical features meant to bring up children, has also been equipped by nature with the required emotions and strong feelings of love and affection for the child. This maintains the discipline and order in human life.
The very fact that the woman is endowed with great affection and tender sentiments as compared with a man goes to prove her special responsibilities towards human society and there is no need for any elaborate argument in this respect.
Affection is a deep, tender sentiment that creates a sense of tolerance, courage and patience. It is soon provoked and makes a deep immediate effect. It is a sentiment that needs no deliberation or any long drawn out preliminaries. Its objective is quickly attained and no careful long term planning is needed. Affection, in other words, is deep interest and strong passion that is superficial and not deep rooted but at the same time elegant and glorious.
A child's cry or his smile soon provokes the loving heart of the mother and attracts her deep affection. It is with the mother's burning affection that children's continual demands are fulfilled. The lamentations and bitter sighs of a pale‑faced patient and his bony frame can affect only a sensitive heart, which would provide it with untiring nursing care.
The scene of untiring and ceaseless efforts of a man in his struggle for a living, his perspiring forehead, his tired face and exhausted nerves invoke the sentiment of affection in a woman. It is out of this sentiment that she tries to make her house a well‑managed refuge full of joy, so that the exhaustion caused to her husband due to his, struggle in life can be compensated for in the warmth and affectionate atmosphere of the family.
It is under the shadow of this affection and the freshness of this loving sentiment that man forgets his fatigue. It is the aesthetic sense of a woman and her flair for elegance that affects the dress of her husband and children and gives a look of charm and luxury to the home and makes it glow with life and the spirit to live.
As against this, the search for livelihood and struggle for life need far‑sightedness and perseverance, both of which require thoughtfulness.
Sentiment cannot tolerate to view objectives and goals from a far‑off distance. It cannot rear into its heart a love which may ripen and bear fruit ten years later, which would at first appear like a fairy tale or myth for whose achievement it has to tolerate all kinds of hardships. It cannot traverse this long distance, overcome obstructions on its way and pave the path towards success.
The emotive spirit does not get along well with deceptive and colourful manifestations in the path of the search for a living. This strenuous and crooked path needs strength that, despite tender sentiments, is accompanied by a fiery doggedness that does not easily surrender, but exhibits a tolerance and coolness that supersedes sentiment and emotion. It is through such hardheartedness and connivance that a man has to run the race of reaching prosperity and achieving his objectives.
It is up to a man to maintain and protect his family in the tumult of life, whether it is by cutting wood in a jungle, or by operating huge industrial machines and installations, or participation in the battlefield or managing the affairs of the government and society.
All need hard work, far‑sightedness and planning. This cannot be achieved by gentle sentiments, or emotional ethos or tender‑heartedness. Every organization has its own peculiar interests. The administration of different aspects of life needs different qualities, sometimes thoughtfulness and at other times sympathy, sometimes finesse and feeling, and at other times, strength and serenity.
Since all the wheels of society must continuously move, the system of creation has equipped each man and woman with a particular type of constitution. Each is greatly valuable in its own place and useful and worthy in its own manifestations.
Despite this difference and variety in structure, the personality of neither is crushed. Instead each has a specified path to cover.
This was a description from the physiological and psychological points of views.
Islam considers men and women equal as far as the basic human rights are concerned. It not only recognizes a human personality for both, but also considers them equal in all rights and human privileges. The following verses of the Qur’an support this statement:
“O, mankind, fear your Lord who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate, and from the pair of them scattered abroad many men and women ....” (4:1)
“O mankind! We have created you male and female and appointed you races and tribes, that you may know one another. Surely the noblest among you in the sight of God is the most God fearing of you ....”(49:13)
“I waste not the labour of any that labours among you, be you male or female ‑the one of you is from the other ....”(3:195)
“And the believers the men and the women, are friends one of the other; they bid to honour and forbid dishonour; they perform the prayer, and pay the alms, and they obey God and His Messenger. Those upon them God will have mercy .... “(9: 71)
“Men and women who have surrendered (unto Allah), believing men and believing women, obedient men and obedient women, truthful men arid truthful women, enduring men and enduring women, humble men and humble women, men and women who give in charity, men who fast and women who fast, men and women who guard their private parts, men and women who remember God much, for them God has prepared forgiveness and a mighty re ward. “(33:35)
“O believers, let not any people scoff at another people who may 'be better than they; neither let women scoff at women who may be better than they. And find not fault with one another, neither revile one another by nicknames ....” (49:11)
“And We have charged man concerning his parents‑his mother bore him in weakness upon weakness, and his weaning was in two years‑be thankful to Me and to your parents ....”(31:14)
“They (women) are a vestment for you, and you (men) are a vestment for them ....”(2:187)
“To the men a share of what parents and kinsmen leave and to the women a share of what parents and kinsmen leave ....”(4:7)
“To the men a share from what they have earned, and to the women a share from what they have earned ....(4:32)
“The fornicatress and the fornicator‑scourge each one of them a hundred stripes, and in the matter of God's religion, let not tenderness for them seize you if you believe in God and the Last Day ....”(24:2)
“Say to the believers, that they cast down their eyes and guard their private parts; that is purer for them ....And say to the believing women, that they cast down their eyes and guard their private parts ...”.(24:30‑31)
“And the thief, male and female: cut off the hands of both as a recompense for what they have earned and a punishment exemplary from God ....”(5:38)
These Verses were quoted as examples only, for there are many more verses clearly mentioning both the men and women and specifying the directions in their regard. Apart from this, there are hundreds of verses that take the form of address, “O mankind!” or “O believers!” which cover both men and women.
The above‑mentioned verses, in short, mean as follows: Both men and women are human beings, both are expected to follow Islam, be faithful and obedient believers. The good reward, paradise and God's grace are for both. Both have similar duties to perform; for instance, the ritual prayer, fasting, Zakat, to command to good and to prohibit from evil.
The criterion of their personal superiority is based on piety and guarding themselves against evil. Moral virtues such as tolerance, sublimity, truthfulness, help to the poor ....are desirable for both. Both are required to observe chastity and keep their looks cast down.
Moral vices, such as obscene acts, backbiting and mockery are not desirable for either of them. Both inherit property. The right to property and usage of property is granted to both men and women. The father and mother both deserve extreme respect.
Both men and women are responsible for their deeds, which shall not go un-reckoned. Both are equal in the eyes of the Law and are to be punished for crimes committed. Finally, if a woman is at some loss in a particular case from the legal point of view, at another place the Law compensates for this loss and effects a legal balance in her favour.
Other verses in the Qur’an independently mention woman's rights, occasionally ordaining men to preserve those limits. At times the attitude of the pre‑Islamic culture in regard to women is criticized. For example, a verse condemns the practice of slaying girl‑infants in the words:
“And when the buried infant shall be asked for what sin she was slain. “(81:8‑9)
In addition to this, the Qur’an discusses well‑known women of religious history and describes their lives to the extent that falls within the scope of its objective. Such women are twelve in number. Even one of the Surahs of the Qur’an is named Surat al‑Nisa', which glorifies women.
In the above paragraphs, a general discussion regarding the respect shown by the Qur’an to the woman has been mentioned. A description has also been made of the equal rights of men and women. This prepares the grounds for a future debate. | <urn:uuid:259ac3d9-1dc9-4ecc-9d9a-d9ca608a85a5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/vol1-n2/islam-and-womens-rights-muhammad-jawad-bahonar/islam-and-womens-rights | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00528-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971392 | 4,712 | 2.703125 | 3 |
To a gardener, compost is the stuff of dreams, but to those unfamiliar this pile of dirt holds many mysteries. In this post, I will try to break down compost (heh, get it?) into the basics.
What is compost? For the purposes of gardening, it is a mixture of decayed and broken down household and yard organic wastes. This process mimics natural cycles of decomposition found in ecosystems of all types, but most visibly on forest floors. These natural cycles depend on the beautiful co-mingling of microorganisms, moisture, oxygen, and darkness.
When these four factors are working in harmony, they create a well-oiled compost-making machine. The biological process they facilitate is called aerobic decomposition – the decomposition of bacteria that thrive in the presence of oxygen. When the balance is off, it can lead to anaerobic decomposition, which is the slow decomposition of bacteria that thrive in conditions without oxygen. This usually leads to a slimy, smelly, disgusting pile for gross, rather than rich, dark, earthy-smelling soil.
While compost does have some nutrient benefit, especially with micronutrients, the primary benefits concern soil structure and nutrient retention. Without too much detail, the addition of compost to soil works magic in all sorts of soil, creating porosity in dense, clay soils and improving water retention in soils that are too sandy. Further, they offer to the soil COLLOIDS! These magical structures help retain nutrients in the soils. When applying nutrients in colloid-free soil, a few good soakings could leach the nutrients down below the soil horizon where veggies roots could reach. However, colloids help keep the nutrients stationary in the soil, ready to be used at will!
Farmers have used compost for thousands of years, with some of the earlier written records dating back to Ancient Rome. Back then, they would pile all agricultural waste in a large pile and let it decompose over the course of the season (which works, but is tediously slow.) Today, we have a better understanding of the components that make a good, fast and productive compost pile. There are four primary chemical ingredients for a healthy compost (not to be confused with the other four important factors mentioned above:
Carbon – for energy; the microbial oxidation of carbon produces heat (crucial to adequate breakdown and extermination of weed seeds), if included at suggested levels. High carbon materials tend to be brown and dry.
Nitrogen – to grow and reproduce more organisms to oxidize the carbon. High nitrogen materials tend to be green (or colorful, such as fruits and vegetables) and wet.
Oxygen – for oxidizing the carbon, and supporting the organisms in the decomposition process.
Water – in the right amount; the proper moisture of a good compost pile should be about that of a wrung out sponge.
Proper piles construction and maintenance for best decomposition includes a few considerations. The smaller the surface area (read size of the pieces), the faster they can be broken down. Thanks high school chemistry for that lesson!
It’s also important to aerate the piles semi-regularly (a couple times a week) to assure that enough oxygen is getting into the pile.
While aerating, notice the moisture of the pile – if it is looking a little dry, give it some water, and if it is looking a little wet, add some brown material to soak it up a bit!
Finally, we know things are cooking away properly if the internal temperature of the pile is 135-160 degree Fahrenheit. The breakdown releases heat, so if it is too low, it’s a sign that things are not working at optimal capacity, and if it is too high, it will kill all the wonderful soil organisms. This optimal temperature helps kills soil pathogens and weed seeds! Hurray! Of course, few people have a thermometer to stick in their pile, but if you stick your hand in it should be really warm, or, if it’s a cool morning, it should be steaming when you stir it!
But what do you put this all in? At Tom Thumb’s Student Garden we have two black plastic composting barrels that are chugging away, but you can also make a mesh pen, or heap it into a pile (recommended by biology Prof. George Ellmore.) It’s really a matter of what suits your space and preference.
Phew! That’s a lot of information! One last thing to top it all off. How much green stuff vs. how much brown stuff is ideal? Well, it seems the popular ratio is 30:1, Brown:Green. Now, each plant has different green/brown ratios, so it’s sort of complicated, but since most waste in a garden is green, the moral of the story is that you can almost always add more brown (dead leaves, newspaper, egg cartons, that test that you failed…)
Hope this was helpful! Happy Gardening!
P.S. I tried to include more soil puns, but Googling “soil puns” really doesn’t yield a lot, which surprised me with the number of garden geeks that exist in the world! | <urn:uuid:f68bffec-eb1a-4b0f-8ec3-3032099c885f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sites.tufts.edu/tomthumbsstudentgarden/2012/03/29/of-compost-shall-the-muse-descend-to-sing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00149-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933193 | 1,090 | 3.625 | 4 |
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