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Description: Photograph of an interior view of a barbershop in Mobeetie, Texas. One man is leaning back in a barber chair, while another man is shaving his face. To the right of the men, there is an empty barber chair. A stove with a pot on top of it is located in the far right of the image. In the background, there is a long counter with mirrors across the wall, a cabinet, and a large book held up by a stand. On the adjacent wall, there is a door and several images on the wall.
Creator: Born, Julius
Item Type: Photograph
Partner: River Valley Pioneer Museum | <urn:uuid:4afba812-c299-4f35-91a0-ee5374296398> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://texashistory.unt.edu/explore/collections/SG09/browse/?fq=dc_language%3Anol&fq=str_location_county%3AWheeler+County%2C+TX | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00229-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945029 | 137 | 1.5 | 2 |
|Ruth Cadbury Wants More Progress On Equal Pay|
Government cuts 'compromise' any chances of improvement for women on lowest pay
Local MP Ruth Cadbury has criticised the fact that forty-five years after the Equal Pay Act was passed in parliament, the UK has yet to achieve it.
In the UK a gender pay gap of 19% still exists, this is 3% higher than the EU average and despite it reducing by a third under the last Labour government, she said during a debate on Women and Low Pay in Westminster Hall.
‘When talking about women and pay, we often focus on high paid jobs and the lack of women occupying positions in FTSE100 company boardrooms. Whilst it is important to look at ensuring women have career progression, especially when the TUC has reported that the pay divide between men and women in the top earners is nearly 55%, we need to ensure we are addressing women’s pay at the other end of the spectrum, those who are stuck in low paid minimum wage jobs. Indeed, the majority of low paid workers are women and three in five minimum wage jobs are held by women.’
‘While 85% of the government’s tax and benefit changes fall on women, the government may be talking the talk on equality, but their cuts agenda compromises any chances of improvement for women on the lowest pay.’
November 19, 2015 | <urn:uuid:a9d65317-59db-41f9-a661-2c8ae34b618b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.chiswickw4.com/shared/ruthcadbury033.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00422-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971725 | 290 | 1.875 | 2 |
Rotating flood barrier officially opened to protect town of Ipswich, UK
Environment Agency’s new tidal flood defence barrier for Ipswich has been officially opened and will better protect homes and businesses in Ipswich over the next 100 years from the increased flood risks associated with climate change.
The flood barrier’s centrepiece is a 200-tonne rotating gate that moves upwards out of the sea floor into the closed position.
The flood barrier has been built by VBA - a joint venture between VolkerStevin, Boskalis Westminster and Atkins - as main contractors and the 9 m tall gate has been constructed in Rotterdam by Hollandia.Environment Agency Chair, Emma Howard Boyd (l) & Floods Minister Thérèse Coffey (r) at the opening of the new Ipswich Tidal Barrier.
Sea level rise
The flood gate has a design similar to that of the Thames Barrier and meets the protection standards based on the government’s most recent prediction that sea levels could rise by up to 1.15 metres, increasing the risk of tidal surges affecting those living on the coast.
The barrier gives a better flood protection to more than 1,600 homes and 400 businesses in Ipswich for the next hundred years.
Boost to local economy
Aside from this protection, Ipswich’s new flood defence scheme has the added advantage of helping to boost the local economy through freeing up hectares of land for regeneration.
On the occasion of the official opening Floods Minister Thérèse Coffey said: "This important new flood scheme, which has received nearly 55 million pound of government funding, secures the future of hundreds of local businesses whilst creating 4,000 jobs to boost the town’s economy."
"I am delighted the Government is investing so significantly in the county town of Suffolk and its future prosperity", Coffey said.
Environment Agency’s chair, Emma Howard Boyd, highlighted the close cooperation with local parties. "The Environment Agency worked closely with the local community, the council and businesses to design and build a scheme that provides a greater level of protection for the town."
According to Howard Boyd the scheme is an important step forward for the six year, 2.6 billion flood investment across the whole country.
This news item was originally published on the website of UK government.
(Photos: Hollandia, VolkerStevin)
Read also on this website
● Tidal gate arrives at Ipswich flood barrier after crossing the North Sea, 9 November 2017
● VBA contracted to improve coastal defences at Fairhaven and Church Scar, UK, 16 November 2017
● VBA joint venture to start work on tidal barrier at Ipswich, UK, 17 November 2015
● Country: United Kingdom
+44 1772 708 620
Krimpen aan den IJssel, the Netherlands
+31180 540 540 | <urn:uuid:5ac33532-15c8-4b89-9006-7da19718ec39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dutchwatersector.com/news/rotating-flood-barrier-officially-opened-to-protect-town-of-ipswich-uk | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.905726 | 640 | 2.265625 | 2 |
This week, we continue our search for foods that are in season for the fall. While it’s true that most foods are available year-round now, to get the full flavor and nutritional benefit of most produce, it must be eaten when in season. The fall offers a wide variety of foods and spices that are warming—carrot, sweet potato, onions, garlic, ginger, and peppercorns—just to name a few.
Fennel is a vegetable that belongs to the Umbellifereae family. It is closely related to more everyday spices and veggies like parsley, carrots, dill, and coriander. Low in calories and fat, this bulbing vegetable adds a hint of licorice flavor to your meal.
Fennel has a white bulb, stalks topped with feathery green leaves, and grows flowers that produce fennels seeds. The bulb, stalk, leaves, and seeds are all edible—making this one very versatile vegetable.
Fennel has many nutritional perks, making it among the 130 foods listed as the world’s healthiest found here. This means it is nutrient dense and has what you need to maintain the best health possible.
A great source of vitamin C, fennel helps to neutralize free radicals and boost the immune system. It is loaded with fiber, which can reduce cholesterol levels and prevent colon cancer. It helps to fight the risk of heart attack or stroke with beneficial amounts of folate, a B vitamin. And, because it is also a good source of potassium, it helps to lower high blood pressure.
Worried about your bones? Or blood? Or kidneys? Fennel is also packed with important minerals to keep those parts of your body in tip-top shape such as iron, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium.
Fennel bulbs can be cooked or eaten fresh in salads. They are great for chopping, dicing, and adding great flavor to a meal. The stalks can be used for soups, stocks, and stews adding warmth and nutrients to autumn’s favorite dishes. And don’t forget that the leaves can be used as an herb seasoning. Every part of fennel can play an important part in a healthy lifestyle.
Recipe courtesy of glutenfreegirl.com
Braising is not just for meats. The low heat and slow simmer method turns crunchy vegetables into something more pliable and yielding.
- 2 large fennel bulbs
- 4 tablespoons grapeseed oil
- Kosher salt and cracked black pepper
- 2 cups stock (chicken or vegetable)
- 5 to 6 sprigs fresh thyme, chopped (or 1 teaspoon dried thyme)
- 2 teaspoons fennel seeds
Preparing the fennel. Cut the stalks from the fennel bulb and discard them. Chop some of the fennel fronds fine and set aside about 2 teaspoons of it. (Discard the rest or save it for a later salad.) Cut the remaining root from the bottom of the fennel. Quarter the bulbs.
Preheat the oven to 350°. Pull out a 9 x 12 baking dish.
Browning the fennel. Set a large sauté pan over medium-high heat. Add the oil. Put half the fennel bulb quarters into the hot oil. Brown the bottom of the fennel, about 2 to 3 minutes. Brown all sides of the fennel the same way. Put the browned fennel into the baking dish. Repeat with the rest of the fennel.
Preparing to braise. Season the browned fennel with salt and pepper. How much is up to you and your taste, but we use a healthy pinch of each here. Pour the stock into the baking dish. You will not have enough stock to cover the fennel bulbs. It will come only partway up the bulbs. Sprinkle the thyme and fennel seeds over the top of the fennel.
Cover the baking dish with aluminum foil. Slide the dish into the oven and cook the fennel until it has a bit of bite remaining but a knife goes easily through it, about 30 minutes.
Plate up the braised fennel and sprinkle it with the chopped fennel fronds. | <urn:uuid:9001f48a-7566-40c4-a5a8-adeb72a95c24> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://danielplan.com/healthyhabits/fennel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00323-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912122 | 895 | 2.453125 | 2 |
December 2, 2014
Thirty years on, the failure to clean up chemicals abandoned during the Bhopal gas leak has become a toxic issue.
December 1, 2014
Amnesty International's Secretary General Salil Shetty, currently visiting India, reflects on the impact of the Bhopal disaster, 30 years on.
November 30, 2014
Photographer Raghu Rai was one of the first on the scene capturing the aftermath of the gas leak from Union Carbide’s pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, 1984. Thirty years later, he went back. Here's t...
November 28, 2014
New poll results published today show clear public support, in both India and the USA, for US corporation Union Carbide to face an Indian court over the Bhopal gas leak disaster which left more than 2... | <urn:uuid:bc61aec6-73e6-44fa-a1a6-2506ee93dd40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.amnestyusa.org/news?page=0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C8&issue=54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00146-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914892 | 170 | 1.726563 | 2 |
The Academy’s journal, Historical Records of Australian Science, recently published a fascinating article on the role that Academy founder Mark Oliphant played during WWII.
In 1943, Mark Oliphant arrived on the Manhattan Project as a leading member of the British mission. Inside the laboratory he was a measured and skilful physicist, but outside he was a bull that charged headlong into the gates of secrecy and the unholy communion of science, politics and military.
General Leslie Groves, the man in charge of the Manhattan Project, became agitated at the naivety of the self-absorbed scientists and provided an insight on America’s secret post-war intentions of an atomic monopoly. Oliphant, not a man to let explosive knowledge pass him by, headed to the British Embassy in Washington to send a secure report to London that escalated all the way to the top of Britain’s war time leadership. Oliphant was sounding a horn to warn that Britain’s own atomic ambitions and scientific freedoms were under imminent threat.
The May paper that received much of the attention was preceded by an article in January that set the scene on Oliphant’s involvement in the American atomic bomb project.
Paul Fraser is the lead author on the third of the journal’s articles by CSIRO scientists describing the history of Australia’s greenhouse gas research. Following two articles on the study of carbon dioxide emissions, Fraser and his colleagues address the issues of non-CO2 gases such as nitrogen oxide and fluorocarbons.
This issue also has an article on research conducted by Professor Ian Rae on the establishment of a radiocarbon dating laboratory in Melbourne’s Museum of Applied Science. Professor Rae also wrote the biographical memoir for chemical physicist Professor Jim Morrison. Other biographical memoirs describe the careers of two other Australian science leaders. Professor Laurie Nichol was a biochemist and twice a university vice-chancellor, while Professor Brian Kay was an expert on mosquitoes and their impact on public health because of the viruses they carry.
There is an interesting selection of book reviews, while the Bibliography of Australian Science for 2017 is also published.
Who can possibly wait six months for the next issue of Historical Records of Australian Science to arrive? Not us! That’s why CSIRO Publishing is now publishing articles ‘online early’—where the peer-reviewed and edited version of record is published online before inclusion in an issue. This is an important adjunct to formal publication in a journal that has only two issues a year.
Find out more about Historical Records of Australian Science, including how you can receive an email alert when an issue is published. Fellows can access the articles for free via a link on the Fellows Only section of the Academy website (requires log-in). All memoirs are published on the Academy website after publication in the journal.
© 2022 Australian Academy of Science | <urn:uuid:a80e9536-7c3d-4b93-b3f6-e022333d2957> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.science.org.au/academy-newsletter/july-2018-118/mark-oliphants-role-wwii-gets-national-coverage | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.954523 | 596 | 2.59375 | 3 |
July 23, 2009
Colon bug assailed by fecal transplant
Some Oklahoma City doctors have begun giving fecal transplants to combat possibly deadly superbugs found in patients' colons, hospital officials say.
The procedure is reported well known in other countries but new to the United States.Integris Baptist Medical Center doctors recently gave fecal transplants to three patients suffering from Clostridium difficile, also known as C-diff, the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitals and nursing homes.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said the ailment leads to several thousand deaths a year, The Oklahoman reported.
The transplant involves taking human waste from a healthy person and injecting it via colonoscopy into a person with C-diff. Many people with C-diff are older and became ill after they get antibiotics for other infections.
Some countries have had considerable success with fecal transplants, notably Australia, which said it had almost a 90 percent success rate. | <urn:uuid:0bd074cb-0bb0-4437-ac35-1f32c34616f4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1725720/colon_bug_assailed_by_fecal_transplant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00143-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969395 | 203 | 2.5 | 2 |
Business Transformation Comes from Developing Talent
By Andrea Pachner, Director of People, Buffalo Construction, Inc.
A recent report from the National Survey of College Internships states that internships are quickly becoming a necessity in general education requirements during college. These off-campus experiences provide valuable professional insight and industry knowledge that accelerate student engagement and help them apply their college learnings toward real-world concepts. Additionally, the National Association of College and Employers reports that out of the graduates surveyed, more than 80% stated that obtaining an internship helped them more seamlessly shift careers or majors. This is an essential skill that could keep students from accumulating more debt by staying in school longer than necessary. It’s clear that internships are invaluable to the success of the future workforce and, thus, the prosperity of companies across the United States, including our own.
Buffalo Construction, Inc. began its internship program 3 years ago, right before the COVID-19 pandemic. At the time of the program's inception, the median age of our superintendents who oversee every step of the construction process was 58 years old. While many Superintendents enjoy working past age 70, we noticed it was becoming increasingly more difficult to find and retain experienced talent for several reasons. One reason is due to generational career trends. While the construction industry was attractive for many Baby Boomers, it was not as popular within the upcoming Gen X generation. This discretion in interest created a noticeable workforce gap in the construction industry. We also realized that all construction companies were competing for the same shrinking pool of experienced construction professionals working toward retirement, resulting in a highly competitive recruiting market. When we came to this realization, it was clear that while we needed to continue focusing on recruiting the more seasoned construction professionals, we also needed a strategy to attract and train young talent. We did so by implementing a program that would support the long-term vitality of the company and help enhance employability for students entering the workforce.
Investing in homegrown talent
The team at Buffalo Construction, Inc. is a family, so to ensure our new teammates adapted to the culture, we wanted to invest in a younger group who could grow with the company. We developed relationships with colleges across Kentucky like Murray State University, Eastern Kentucky University, and the University of Louisville to hand-pick the interns who would work at Buffalo Construction, Inc. alongside our construction veterans who had been in the industry for more than 30 years. Our intention with our intern program wasn’t for our newcomers to fetch tools or run to Home Depot. We aimed to provide an in-depth, hands-on experience that would challenge our interns and inspire current teammates, while sharpening their teaching and leadership skills. Our interns are a beneficial asset in leveraging our existing workforce by introducing new methods, technology, and ideas to help the business adapt and succeed long term in an ever-changing industry.
A Day as an Intern
Typically, we begin intern recruitment in the fall and send offer letters near the end of the year, with these teammates starting in May. They’re matched with their job sites and corresponding superintendents prior to their first day to ensure they are a good fit with an understanding of desired learning objectives. We also provide weekly check-ins to understand how they’re adapting to the job and culture. Depending on what career they are looking for, some interns work as safety specialists or project managers within our support center, and others will physically be on a job site. Ensuring their position aligns with their interest and, ultimately, their satisfaction and happiness are very important to us.
Our interns are tasked with journaling throughout the summer to solidify their learnings and recount their experiences for future interviews, hopefully with us! They help their superintendents with their daily field reports, ensure quality control on job sites, check field measurements, work on product submittals, fill out safety reports, and learn how to read construction plans. Interns also participate in several social events to get the chance to see all Buffalo Constriction, Inc. teammates, whether they are in the support center or at another job site. We try to make it an extensive, all-encompassing experience.
Additionally, we’ve also been enhancing our role as the Buffalo Construction, Inc. project engineers. While not interns, these teammates tend to be early in their career with a couple of years of experience under their belts. As a result, they can effectively assist our superintendents in more advanced builds or project management. This is another example of investing in the younger generation while doing what we can to support our current teammates.
Global Reach and Looking Ahead
Overall, Buffalo Construction, Inc. aimed to create an inspiring intern program that recruited top talent, but we also sought for it to have a global reach and lead to increased awareness of our company and our values. This happened not too long ago when one of our interns participated in a pageant states away. She discussed her positive experience interning at Buffalo Construction, Inc. during a speaking prompt. Someone in the crowd recognized the name of our company and reached out to a connection here to learn more. That word-of-mouth conversation is really what the intern program is all about – connecting with the younger generation for the long-term success and viability of the company.
While we’d love to have every intern come back to work with us full-time upon graduation from college, the reality is some will move on to different opportunities – and that’s okay. When we developed this program, we understood that each effort in recruitment might not provide an immediate return on investment, but luckily, at Buffalo Construction, Inc., it isn’t all about that. Each year we aim to grow our program and enhance it. We hope to develop our recruitment strategy further and expand to other colleges near some of our larger build sites outside of the state. Ultimately, our concentrated effort is to invest in our young professional’s community and help them gain experience alongside industry veterans.
The relationship between internships and full-time employment is clear – internships allow teammates to train their future workers and provide invaluable experience to these students. According to the HR Database, SHRM, establishing internships equated to more than a 71% retention rate for employees who had previous internal internship experience within the company after one year.
Prioritizing the happiness and success of incoming talent will leverage businesses forward and ultimately create more cost-effective hiring. When a cohesive working environment exists where both industry mentors and fresh talent win, it’s a formula for industry success. At Buffalo Construction, Inc., we’re proud to have a strong internship program that continues to help set our company apart from the pack. | <urn:uuid:66af9203-eee2-42f2-acf0-02ea4fe4a345> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.buffaloconstruction.com/company/news/article/53/Business-Transformation-Comes-from-Developing-Talent | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.961433 | 1,372 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Troglitazone, a PPAR-γ activator prevents endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and lymphocyte adhesion mediated by TNF-α
© Sasaki et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2005
Received: 23 August 2004
Accepted: 06 February 2005
Published: 06 February 2005
Cytokine mediated induction of the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1(MAdCAM-1) expression is associated with the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Using western blotting and cell-based ELISA, we show in this study that troglitazone, an activator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), widely used in the treatment of diabetes, has as well recently been highlighted as protective in models of inflammation and cancer. We found that troglitazone (10–40 μM), significantly reduced the TNF-α (1 ng/ml) mediated induction of endothelial MAdCAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner, achieving a 34.7% to 98.4% reduction in induced MAdCAM-1. Trogliazone (20μM) reduced TNF-α induced VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression. Moreover, troglitazone significantly reduced α4β7-integrin dependent lymphocyte adhesion to TNF-α cultured endothelial cells.
These results suggest that PPAR-γ agonists like troglitazone may be useful in the clinical treatment of IBD.
Endothelial cell adhesion molecules or 'ECAMs' play essential roles in the development of chronic inflammation by recruiting leukocytes, especially lymphocytes through their ability to promote leukocyte rolling, firm adhesion and extravasation . Tissue infiltration by leukocytes is a common hallmark in several chronic inflammatory states which include the inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn's disease (CD), but also several other chronic inflammatory states such as arthritis, lupus, diabetes [17, 47, 58]. In the setting of IBD, the expression of ECAMs like ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1 is observed in experimental models of colitis, [11, 33, 34, 48] and also within the inflamed human colon in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis [3, 49]. Among the adhesion molecules that are up-regulated in IBD, MAdCAM-1, the mucosal cell adhesion molecule is thought to be preeminent in the development of chronic gut inflammation. MAdCAM-1 is normally expressed in the gut, and its expression is dramatically increased during inflammation [11, 48]. The functional significance of increased expression of MAdCAM-1 in IBD is supported by several reports which demonstrate that immunoneutralization of either MAdCAM-1 or its lymphocyte ligand, the α4β7 integrin, attenuate inflammation and mucosal damage in a variety of animal models of colitis [14, 24, 55]. However, since monoclonal antibodies directed against other ECAMs, particularly VCAM-1, can as well reduce disease activity in animal models of colitis [2, 16, 46, 53], the literature suggests that MAdCAM-1 is probably necessary, but insufficient for the maximal penetrance of experimental and clinical IBD. Based on these results, it is apparent that an improved understanding of the mechanisms regulating ECAM expression, especially MAdCAM-1, might help to design improved therapies for colitis.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of transcription factors, whose activities are regulated through the high affinity binding of small lipophilic ligands that include steroid hormones . A new class of antidiabetic drugs, known as 'glitazones' which includes troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone, have been developed as agonists that bind to the gamma (γ)-subtype of the PPARs. While glitazones have been extensively used in the treatment of diabetes, several investigators have now demonstrated that PPAR-γ ligands will markedly reduce colonic inflammation of in two different mouse models of colitis [12, 51]. In addition, glitazones provide some benefit in the treatment of ulcerative colitis in humans as well .
Although PPAR-γ is expressed at high levels in adipose tissues, PPAR-γ has also been described in many other kinds of cells, including those in the vasculature like endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and monocytes and macrophages . Although it not yet completely clear, the literature suggests that glitazones may be therapeutic in these models through the ability of these PPAR-γ activators to inhibit several events in inflammation particularly leukocyte infiltration into tissues mediated by NF-kB-dependent ECAM expression [6, 21, 32, 38, 51].
However, the literature does not uniformly support protective roles for all PPARs. For example, it has been suggested that activation of PPAR-α, rather than PPAR-γ activation is responsible for blocking cytokine induced ECAM expression [30, 41] and these differences may reflect tissue- and/or species specific responses to glitazones. Regardless, glitazones might be therapeutic in the setting of IBD through their ability to restrict expression of MAdCAM-1, one of the more important regulators of gut inflammation in IBD. However, this has not yet been investigated.
In the present study we have examined the ability of a candidate glitazone PPAR-γ ligand, troglitazone, to limit cytokine induction of MAdCAM-1 and also VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin, and decrease MAdCAM-1 dependent lymphocyte endothelial adhesion in vitro.
PPAR-γ expression by endothelial cells
TNF-α induced MAdCAM-1 protein expression is reduced by troglitazone, a PPAR-γ ligand
To examine the effect of troglitazone on other ECAMs expression stimulated by TNF-α surface expression assay was performed.
TNF-α induced VCAM-1 protein expression is reduced by troglitazone, a PPAR-γ ligand
TNF-αinduced ICAM-1 protein expression is reduced by troglitazone, a PPAR-γ ligand
TNF-α induced E-selectin protein expression is reduced by troglitazone, a PPAR-γ ligand
Adhesion of α4β7 expressing lymphocytes to TNF-α stimulated endothelium
TNF-α induced phosphorylation of NF-kB p65 is prevented by troglitazone, a PPAR-γ ligand
MAdCAM-1 is a 60 KD endothelial cell surface molecule that is strongly expressed by mucosal endothelial cells, particularly following exposure of these cells to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. Expression of MAdCAM-1 has as well been reported in the brain, and in the heart, [23, 47], and based on these findings, it has now been suggested that MAdCAM-1 might play roles in chronic inflammation of these organs as well.
With respect to inflammatory bowel disease, MAdCAM-1 appears to be necessary for lymphocyte homing to mucosa associated lymphoid tissue [3–5, 50]. Since MAdCAM-1 is normally expressed within the gut microvasculature, and is dramatically increased during IBD, it has been suggested that increased MAdCAM-1 expression participates in the etiology of IBD through its ability to control homing of lymphocytes to the gut. This notion is supported by several observations that show that antibodies directed against either MAdCAM-1, or its lymphocyte ligand, the α4β7 integrin will significantly attenuate several indices of injury in experimental models of colitis [24, 39].
TNF-α is thought to be perhaps the most important cytokine responsible for driving the onset and progression of IBD. Because of this primary role of TNF-α in IBD, anti-TNF-α antibody therapy has been successfully used in IBD to reduce both colonic injury and expression of ECAMs in IBD . While TNF-α significantly increased the expression of MAdCAM-1, it also increases the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, P-selectin [15, 37]. It should be noted that in colitis, all of these adhesion molecules are elevated in the colon , and likely contribute to the development of chronic gut injury.
This is the first study to demonstrate that a PPAR-γ ligand, troglitazone, can significantly reduce the expression of MAdCAM-1, an endothelial cell adhesion molecule which is closely linked to chronic gut inflammation. Troglitazone significantly reduced TNF-α induced expression of several other ECAMs as well [6, 21, 30, 32, 38, 41, 57], and decreased the adhesion of α4β7-expressing lymphocytes (TK-1) to TNF-α stimulated endothelium. Since at least 50% of the adhesion of these lymphocytes to TNF-stimulated endothelium is MAdCAM-1-dependent , our results suggest that MAdCAM-1 mediates most of the stimulated adhesion, with more minor contributions from other ECAMs. The results strongly support a novel therapeutic action of PPAR-γ activators like troglitazone which might explain their beneficial effects PPAR-γ agonists in murine models of colitis [12, 51] and in human ulcerative colitis .
NF-kB is a member of the Rel family of dimeric transcription factor complexes key transcription factor that modulates expression of MAdCAM-1 in inflammation, and is governs the expression of several other endothelial adhesion molecules in response to cytokines [9, 22, 33, 35, 40, 52]. Prior to cytokine stimulation, NF-kB is restricted to the cytosol as an inactive complex with its inhibitor, Ik-B. Upon activation by cytokines, Ik-B is phosphorylated, dissociates from the NF-kB, and is subsequently ubiquitinated and degraded. This allows active NF-kB to enter the nucleus and bind kB consensus regulatory elements in the promoters of the genes for several ECAM (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and MAdCAM-1) [9, 33–36, 54]. NF-kB can be activated through several kinases including IkB kinases (IKKs). IKKs phosphorylate IkB, but also phosphorylate the p65 NF-kB subunit on Serine-536 as part of the activation of the NF-kB complex. Phosphorylation of the p65 subunit is an important step in the activation of the NF-kB complex which permits this complex to enter the nucleus and activate NF-kB dependent genes . Consequently, phosphorylation of p65 has been proposed as a simple index of NF-kB activation , although it may not be as sensitive as the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).
PPAR-γ ligands like troglitazone apparently suppress activation of NF-kB, and in our hands reduce both basal and TNF-stimulated NF-kB p65 phosphorylation (figure 7). Consequently, glitazones like troglitazone should reduce the expression of both cytokines and ECAMs driven by NF-kB [6, 41, 57]. Interestingly, under control culture conditions, we observe basal phosphorylation of p65, suggesting that normally, p65 is at least partially activated. This may be related to the role of basal NF-kB activity in maintaining cell survival and blocking apoptosis [8, 42]. Since excessive inhibition of NF-kB can propel cells into apoptosis, agents like troglitazone, (which may inhibit NF-kB) could have a limited therapeutic window, and should be administered cautiously. However, under the conditions used in our study, (10–40 μM) we did not see evidence for the loss of cell viability assessed by trypan blue staining; all cells remained >99% viable by this method. In addition, the concentration of troglitazone in our study (10–40 μM) is near the therapeutic level since the physiological levels of glitazones, like troglitazone are 5–20 μM, with an average dose of 15 μM .
PPAR-γ ligands like glitazones should not only attenuate MAdCAM-1, but also diminish the expression of other ECAMs like ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin. This reflects a decrease in the synthesis of some, but not all proteins, since densitometry of troglitazone treated monolayers shows no difference in total protein content between wells following troglitazone, but western blotting or surface expression assay find a significant decrease in the expression of ECAMs.
While studies with glitazones in endothelial models for the most part demonstrate an inhibition of ECAMs such as ICAM-1 in response to TNF-α [10, 38], Chen et al. [6, 7] have reported that the ECV304 cell line showed an increase in the expression of ICAM-1 in response to troglitazone. This stands in sharp contrast to our current study. However, since The ECV304 cell line has been mistakenly designated as 'endothelial' in many cases, (and is actually a bladder carcinoma in many instances) , those results may be called into question.
It is also possible that PPAR-γ activators might well affect inflammation through NF-kB independent pathways. Some described PPAR-γ ligands, like the cyclopentanone prostanoids, exert anti-inflammatory effects through a PPAR-γ-independent pathways specifically the inhibition of the IKK beta subunit which would suppress NF-kB activation. Further, troglitazone also activates ERK1/2 and blocks c-fos synthesis which could also modulate these effects. Therefore, we cannot completely exclude the possibility that troglitazone similarly protects in these models through direct inhibition of IKK, as well as indirect blockade through PPAR-γ.
Since high levels of PPAR-γ protein are expressed within the colon, it is possible that agonists for this pathway could have an important role in the regulation of normal colon functioning and disease progress.
Our results indicate that troglitazone and other glitazones may provide an effective means of treating forms of chronic inflammation including inflammatory bowel disease through their ability to interfere with steps in the activation of NF-kB, effectively blocking the expression of adhesion molecules like MAdCAM-1 which increase infiltration of tissues by leukocytes.
Recombinant mouse TNF-α was purchased from ENDOGEN (Stoughton, MA), and troglitazone was provided as a generous donation from Sankyo corp., Japan.
The SVEC4-10 line is an endothelial cell line derived by SV40 (strain 4A) transformation of murine small vessel endothelial cells, originally isolated from the axillary lymph node vessels of an adult male C3H/Hej mouse [4, 5]. These cell types were all maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal calf serum with 1% antibiotic/ antimycotic. Cells were seeded into 24-well tissue culture plates at approximately 20,000 cells/cm2, and cultures were used immediately upon reaching confluence (usually 3–4 days after seeding).
The mouse CD8+ T cell lymphoma TK-1 cells (that constitutively expresses the α4β7 integrin were obtained as a generous gift from Dr. Eugene Butcher (Stanford University, CA). These cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FCS and 0.05 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (minus antibiotic/ antimycotic).
PPAR-γ expression on SVEC endothelial cell – Western analysis of cell lysates
Cell lysates were electrophoretically separated on 7.5% SDS- PAGE gels, transferred to nitrocellulose, blocked and incubated in primary anti-PPAR-γ synthetic peptide (Affinity Bioreagents Inc., Golden, CO) at a 1: 500 dilution overnight (4°C). Membranes were washed 2× with wash buffer. Secondary goat anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibody (Sigma) was added at a 1:2,000 dilution for 1 h. Membranes were washed 3 times and developed using the ECL detection system (Amersham, La Jolla, CA).
Western analysis of cell lysates
Monolayers were either pretreated (1 h) with blockers, and then incubated with cytokines (24 h), or treated without test agents and then treated with cytokines (24 h). All cell samples were harvested at 24 hours. Equal quantities of protein (75 μg) from each sample were electrophoretically separated on 7.5% SDS- PAGE gels. Gels were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Sigma) and blocked with 5% milk powder in PBS at 4°C (overnight). These membranes were washed twice for 10 min with wash buffer (0.1% milk powder in PBS). Primary rat anti-mouse MAdCAM-1 mAb (MECA 367; generous gift from Dr. Sharon Evans, RPMI, NY) was added at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and incubated at room temperature for 2 h. In p65 NF-kB phosphorylation studies, membranes were incubated with anti-phospho p65 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA) diluted 1:1000 overnight (4°C). These membranes were washed twice with wash buffer. Secondary goat anti-rat horseradish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibody (Sigma) was added at a 1:2000 dilution for 2 h for MAdCAM-1, while goat anti-rabbit antibody was used for detecting phospho-p65 NF-kB. Lastly, membranes were washed 3 times and developed using the enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection system. The density of MAdCAM-1 staining was measured by scanning the 60 KD band, using a HP ScanJet™ flatbed scanner. Images were analyzed for density using Image Pro Plus™ image analysis software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Springs, MD). The data are expressed as a percentage of TNF-α-induced level of density.
Endothelial cell surface adhesion molecule expression assay
Surface expressions of ECAMs were measured using the method of Khan et al. . SVEC monolayers were grown in 48-well plates as described and were pretreated (1 h) with troglitazone and of 1 μg/ml in HBSS/PBS + 5% FCS at 37°C for 30 min. Monolayers were then washed twice with 0.5 ml HBSS/PBS, and incubated with horseradish peroxidase conjugated rabbit anti-rat IgG (1:2,000 diluted, Sigma) in HBSS/PBS + 5% FCS at 37°C for 30 min. Monolayers we then co-treated with TNF-α (1 ng/ml) at 37°C in medium for 24 h. The cells were washed three times with 0.5 ml HBSS/PBS [1:1] at 24 hours, and monolayers incubated with anti-mouse VCAM-1, anti-ICAM-1 or anti-E-selectin. All antibodies were added to cultures after treatment at a concentration re washed four times with 0.5 ml HBSS/PBS followed by incubation with 0.25 ml of 0.003% hydrogen peroxide + 0.1 mg/ml 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethlbenzidine (Sigma) at 37°C for 60 min in the dark. The color reaction was stopped by adding 75 μl of 8 N H2SO4, and the samples were transferred to 96-well plates. Plates were read on a Titertek MCC340 plate reader (Titertek Instruments, Inc., Huntsville, AL) at 450 nm. Blanking (i.e. background) was performed on monolayers stained only with second antibody and reacted as above.
TK-1 lymphocyte adhesion assay
Briefly, TK-1 cells were suspended in culture medium and fluorescence labeled by incubating TK-1 cells at 2 × 106 cells/ml with 0.02 mg fluorescein diacetate (FDA) (Sigma) at 37°C for 30 min. The cells were then washed twice with ice-cold HBSS, spun at 250 g for 5 min to remove unincorporated fluorescence and suspended in HBSS. The TK-1 lymphocyte cell line used in this assay expresses high levels of the α4β7 integrin, [35, 44] which can interact with multiple ligands including mucosal addressin-1 (MAdCAM-1), as well as VCAM-1, L-selectin and fibronectin . In this system, TNF stimulated TK-1 adhesion to SVEC4-10 endothelial cells is at least 50% MAdCAM-1 dependent . SVEC monolayers were grown in 48-well plates as described, and to activate endothelium, the monolayers were incubated with TNF-α (1 ng/ml) for 24 h. Cytokine treated endothelial cells were washed three times with media. Labeled TK-1 cells were then added to the endothelium at a 5:1 lymphocyte to endothelial cell ratio and allowed to bind for 30 min under static conditions. At the end of the incubation period, the supernatant was removed and the Monolayers were washed twice with HBSS. Plates were read on a Fluorescent Ascent (Lab systems, Helsinki, Finland) set for excitation at 485 nm, and emission at 515 nm. Blank wells (0% TK-1 adhesion) were run as controls that did not contain labeled TK-1 cells; 100% adhesion was measured on monolayers where TK-1 cells were not removed from the supernatant.
– peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma
– Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
– Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
– Endothelial Selectin
– Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
– Inflammatory Bowel Disease
– Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
The authors would like to acknowledge Mr. Michael Harper for outstanding literary assistance with this manuscript.
Grant Support. This work supported by NIH DK43785 and a grant in aid from the American Heart Association.
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Visiting Nurse and Hospice of Fairfield County is offering tips for senior citizens on how to achieve a healthy eating routine. The agency recommends:
eating many different colors and types of fruits and vegetables. If eating canned foods, rinse them off to eliminate unnecessary salt;
ensuring that at least half of the dietary grains are whole grains, not processed or refined. Eating more fiber, such as beans, nuts, seeds, fruits and vegetables, helps to prevent stomach or intestine problems;
limiting fat, eating lean meat and removing the skin from poultry. Grill, steam, poach, bake or broil food instead of frying, and use low-fat dairy products;
drinking 6 to 8 ounces of non-alcoholic, non-caffeine fluids a day, preferably water. Fruits like grapes and melon, soup, Jell-O, pudding, milk and juice are good sources of fluid. Ice cubes made from juice and dropped into a glass of water for flavor is a good alternative. Avoid empty calorie sugary drinks;
eating small frequent meals instead of three large ones a day.
Additionally, the agency said women who are active need 2,000 to 2,200 calories a day and men 2,400 to 2,800 a day. Women who are somewhat active need 1,800 calories a day and men 2,200 to 2,400 a day. Women who are not active need 1,600 calories a day and men 2,000 a day.
For more information, contact Melody Matheny Orpen, community health coordinator at Visiting Nurse and Hospice of Fairfield County, at 203-762-8958, ext. 312. | <urn:uuid:87849343-1bf3-416f-8c01-6b1cd8ce8f72> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://m.newcanaannewsonline.com/news/article/Tips-offered-on-achieving-a-healthy-eating-routine-5665437.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00237-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931071 | 343 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Shareholders’ equity usually represents the difference between a company’s total assets minus the total liabilities. This number also indicates the total economic value the company has generated using its assets and other resources. While corporations commonly refer to this number as shareholders’ equity, private business organizations and small businesses often call this number net worth or owner’s equity, respectively. This number has a significant meaning in the business environment since it represents the amount of money investors would be paid when cashing out their investments or when the company liquidates its assets.
Two main sources represent shareholders’ equity. The original money represents investments made by businesses, investment firms, and individuals. While businesses and investment firms can make direct capital investments into a company, individuals often purchase preferred or common stock when making equity investments. The second source of this equity is the retained earnings listed on the balance sheet. Retained earnings represent all monthly income reinvested into business operations. This number is reported on a company’s balance sheet as a running total for all money retained by the company since it began business operations.
Companies may decide to offer dividend payments for all individuals holding preferred stock. Preferred stock investments are usually the only investments or shareholders can earn dividend payments. Common stock investments forgo dividends in lieu of voting rights on various business situations. Dividend payments reduce the overall amount of shareholders’ equity retained in the firm. Investors often invest in preferred stock in order to receive monetary benefits earlier rather than later.
Investors often use the shareholder equity ratio to calculate the amount investors would receive in the event of a company liquidating its assets and ceasing operations. This number is important because shareholders commonly lose their entire investment if a company declares bankruptcy. This formula is calculated by dividing total shareholders’ equity (total assets minus total liabilities) by the total assets owned by the company. This ratio is expressed as a percentage when using this formula.
For example, if the company has a 30% shareholder equity ratio and total assets of $225 million United States Dollars (USD), investors would receive $67.5 million USD as their part of the liquidation process. The entire $67.5 million USD would then be a portion to each individual investor based on their equity investment in the company. This allocation process can be long and arduous, depending on the number of investors and financial assets sold during the liquidation process. | <urn:uuid:9e92c78a-5f3d-4a2f-be22-f1797989e9e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wise-geek.com/what-is-shareholders-equity.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.95994 | 485 | 3.109375 | 3 |
To commemorate International Day of Persons with Disabilities, we are pleased to share this post from Jeannette Jones about her experiences with music in Deaf culture.
There’s a legendary world in Deaf culture lore. It’s like Earth but it’s for people of the eye, so they call it Eyeth (get it? EARth, EYEth). In this world, people listen with their eyes with the comfort of being typical, just the way life is, unlike the existence of a Deaf person on Earth, heavily mediated through hearing devices, pads of paper, interpreters, lip reading, and gestures.
I got a small peek into what Eyeth might look like a year and a half ago, when I attended the biennial National Association of the Deaf (NAD) meeting on a sweltering weekend in July in Louisville, KY. When I got there, DeaFestival, a day of arts and fun, was just launching. My goal was to catch as much music and time with musicians as possible, especially with the Deaf rock band Beethoven’s Nightmare. And my job for the day was “listening” (LISTEN-EYES in American Sign Language).
When I stepped across the crosswalk of the streets bordering the convention center, I crossed the threshold into a Deaf world. Everyone around me was signing. Every restaurant in the vicinity had a pad of paper on its counter, a few adventuresome servers had learned some signs. I have been in Deaf environments before, for example at the local Deaf school. But this was different, it was like a small town with adults conducting business in ASL.
A break in the afternoon allowed me to approach the drummer of the band, “Let’s talk.” He says “Ok.” And I’m whisked into a conversation about music with total strangers. A woman about my age said she’s never liked music, she never understood it, and it wasn’t fun to try to lip-read bands. Her friend said, “Oh, you need to learn how to feel it. I love music! It’s like a drug!” She’s open to being convinced. All afternoon I followed the drummer, Bob Hiltermann, around the vendor booths of the NAD meeting, talking to people about music. Another woman was “forced” to take music classes in her mainstream education. Many Deaf people haven’t had opportunities to experience music so it is nothing; others love it and over and over again I heard, “Once you connect what you’re feeling with what’s going on on-stage, it’s amazing!”
I turned to the bass player of Beethoven’s Nightmare, Ed Chevy, “Let’s talk.” We sit down. It is 104 degrees under the tent. He tells me again how much they want to reach out to their Deaf culture with music. Chevy explains that in Deaf culture there is a rich tradition of story-telling and mime, but not so much a musical culture. Beethoven’s Nightmare wants to change that, opening the door of possibility of a musical experience, but first they have to disassociate the notion that this experience is going to be LISTEN-EARS like it is for a hearing person. For them their Deaf musical experience is feeling the beat along with sign language and movement.
Later as evening fell, everyone gathered under the tent for the music. The young Deaf rapper, Sean Forbes, came out waving his arms, getting the crowd excited. Deaf teens and college-aged kids flocked around the stage, screaming and cheering, enthusiastically waving their hands and pounding the air with the beat. He raps in American Sign Language, performing vocals in English over his signs. Forbes’s songs are suffused with his experience as a Deaf person. Creating a bridge between the Deaf and hearing worlds is a driving motivation in his work. He is an inspiration for American Deaf youth, who sport his fan T-shirts that say “I’m Deaf!” in the bold letters from one his songs. In Forbes, Deaf youth see an artistic world that does not exclude them.
While waiting for Beethoven’s Nightmare to get situated for their set, the emcee called for people to come up to the stage to share their memories of being at Gallaudet University, the only Deaf liberal arts college in the world, with the members of the band: “You know we Deaf folks share our stories to preserve our history and preserve our culture, and this is a way of documenting our past.” One woman excitedly came to the stage, and recounted her memory: “I was there in 1977. I knew Ed…they were there for my freshman, sophomore, junior years. They were the best! So great!” Another couple sitting near me also shared about their time at Gallaudet with the band members, telling of how the band played often on Friday nights, for their fellow Deaf students who danced along. Hiltermann distinguishes their group as the only Deaf rock band, describing what they do as “rock and roll infused with American Sign Language.” With this statement Hiltermann is calling on us to consider that ASL is part of the music—not just a text that stands alone, nor a translation of preexisting English lyrics. In their performance, a vocalist sings in English, while signers on stage perform the song in ASL.
Thinking about my day in Eyeth, I am challenged, as a hearing person, to reevaluate how I experience music. I feel the bass pounding deep in my core. I see the music, the lyrics, moving my hands with the beat, performing signs with the chorus along with the rest of the audience. My intersection with a Deaf experience of music has made visible certain multi-sensory aspects of my own hearing as a hearing person that often go unmentioned, and I believe that the binary of the categories of Deaf and hearing becomes are blurred, as we begin to understand the broad spectrum on which musical experiences can lie, somewhere between the ears, the eyes, and the body. | <urn:uuid:d7979ce5-f42b-426a-a8b9-8f86ced7fdfc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://blog.oup.com/2013/12/music-in-deaf-culture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00301-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972519 | 1,324 | 2.125 | 2 |
New York’s Mayor Michael Bloomberg enacted a law that would limit New York City resident’s ability to purchase certain drinks. No, not alcohol. Soda. NPR reports that the “ban would have limited the size of sugary drinks at restaurants, theaters and food carts to 16 ounces.” Small businesses did not like the idea because large sugary drinks make up a disproportionate share of their margins.
The question is, would a ban be a good idea? On the one hand, drinking extra 32 oz sodas is probably not a good thing. With obesity on the rise in the U.S., incentivizing individuals to refrain from eating unhealthy is a generally a good idea. However, chocolate cake is also not very healthy. Should the city ban all high sugar desserts? My grandmother used to make very tasty mini cupcukes. Should these be banned as well?
As with all things, moderation is the key. Even excess in moderation is a good thing. If someone wants to have a 32 oz soda on a hot day, there is no reason to ban this. Or, if a parent buys a large soda so her three children can share the drink, this would be equivalent to buying 3 smaller sizes. Mandating moderation, however, is not only difficult in practice, but emenates from policymakers perception that they know more than the average person regarding how they should live their lifestyle.
I believe that eating healthy foods is good for people’s health and should be encouraged. But mandating what foods people can and cannot eat is to much for me to stomach (pun intended). While Mayor Bloomberg’s intentions were good, imposing a Nanny state on all New York residents violates basic freedoms.
This health policy blog raises a glass (pun intended) to the judge that decided to strike down this ban. | <urn:uuid:6e3dd86e-7f30-4ba7-93fa-719b55b91bc6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://healthcare-economist.com/2013/03/18/nyc-soda-ban-good-policy-or-good-intentions-gone-awry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717954.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00508-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95993 | 373 | 2 | 2 |
Its been about 12,000 years since the end of the last ice age. During that ice age ice extended all the way down to Wisconsin. Now obviously its limited to further north regions. (Odd the southern hemisphere seems less affected. Moderating effects of their higher percentage of ocean?) So apparently ice has been retreating for at least 12,000 years. We can argue the finer points of how far and from where to where but between 1,000 and 2,000 miles seems certain. I'll use 1,500 miles for my math. That's maybe .125 mile per year on average. To mess up the ease of using math to determine what's "normal" ice should probably retreat slower from areas near the poles and quicker from Wisconsin. None the less (and even if anti-man made global warming folks don't point out that ice has been retreating for some time), I think it may be natural for ice to be retreating. Does anyone have evidence of something like "where the ice has historically stopped retreating between ice ages" Last Ice Age Current PS, don't think this means we need to be lazy and just keep dumping CO2 in the atmosphere. My opinion on that is we don't need to be liberal with our stewardship of the earth and find the environmental tipping point of no return. | <urn:uuid:a5a0304a-3335-4af4-a840-b7201a242478> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.usmessageboard.com/threads/natural-period-for-recession-of-glaciers.97881/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00231-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977634 | 264 | 2.75 | 3 |
|The First Art Newspaper on the Net
||Established in 1996
|| Thursday, January 19, 2017
|Artist battles Alabama over football paintings|
Daniel Moore, an artist, is photographed at his office in Hoover, Ala., Saturday March 12, 2005. The University of Alabama has sued Moore, claiming that some of his famous paintings depicting Alabama football over the past 26 years violate trademark law by showing Crimson Tide uniforms and logos. Moore, who has filed a countersuit against the university, said Tuesday, March 22, his paintings depict Alabama in a positive light and are protected by the Constitution's guarantees of freedom of speech and expression. AP Photo/The Birmingham News, Steve Barnette.
By: Greg Bluestein, Associated Press
ATLANTA (AP).- Daniel Moore made a name for himself drawing iconic images of famous University of Alabama sporting events. But his work has also drawn the ire of school administrators, who claim his artistry violates the trademark rights they jealously work to protect.
The 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta heard arguments on Thursday in the case, part of an ongoing legal feud between universities seeking greater control over their copyright rights and artists who claim free speech rights.
Moore, who lives in Birmingham, Ala., has long worked with the school to draw iconic images that commemorate some of Alabama's biggest sporting events. But the school and Moore broke ties after a falling out around 2000, and five years later Alabama brought the case to federal court by suing Moore.
The school said it was forced to target Moore and his company, New Life Art, in 2005 because the artist profited from the university's name by refusing to pay licensing fees that fund student scholarships. At Thursday's hearing, the university argued its right to protect its trademark should trump Moore's First Amendment rights to paint scenes from Alabama football games.
Moore and his attorneys countered that his artwork, which includes paintings, prints and drawings on coffee mugs, is protected free speech and shouldn't be restricted by trademark law. He hasn't stopped his work, and is now working on a painting called "The Shutout" from Alabama's 21-0 victory last month over LSU in the national championship game.
A federal judge reached a split decision in 2009. The judge found that Moore's larger prints are protected by free speech rights, but that mini-prints on coffee mugs and calendars were not. Both sides promptly appealed, setting the stage for Thursday's arguments.
The three-judge panel didn't immediately issue a ruling on Thursday, and any decision it makes will be closely watched by university officials, media organizations and intellectual property attorneys, who all have a stake in the outcome.
Some 27 universities filed court briefs backing Alabama's stance, arguing that licensing programs are necessary to protect trademarks and provide an important source of revenue at a time of budget cuts.
"A bedrock principle of trademark law is an owner's right to control the use of its marks," the schools said in the brief.
Media organizations have flocked to Moore's defense. A friend-of-the-court brief filed by the American Society of Media Photographers and the Alabama Press Association claimed Moore was expressing the culture of his surroundings, much like Claude Monet was inspired by water lilies in France and Pieter Bruegel was moved to portray peasants in Belgium.
"Daniel Moore lives in Alabama; he paints football," the brief said. "To say football is special in Alabama is to understate the state's passion for and interest in it not by inches, but by yards."
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press.
February 6, 2012
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Please complete all fields marked *. | <urn:uuid:86566265-1c0b-4e88-a6f5-ca50e64a44ce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://artdaily.com/news/53448/Artist-battles-Alabama-over-football-paintings | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00136-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938245 | 1,355 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Separation and Divorce: Child Custody, Access, and Parenting Plans
Does child support affect a parent's right to access?
No. Access and child support are separate issues. A parent cannot be denied access because they have not paid child support. And a parent might still have to pay child support even if they do not have access. For more information, see CLEO’s resource Separation and Divorce: Child Support. This resource can be ordered online. | <urn:uuid:89b1311b-2d75-4116-8e73-abe22185d68a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cleo.on.ca/en/publications/custodyaccess/does-child-support-affect-parents-right-access | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00299-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923833 | 98 | 1.515625 | 2 |
One of the most performed medical diagnostic tests to ascertain the health of patients is a complete blood count, which typically includes an estimate of the hemoglobin concentration. The hemoglobin level in the blood is an important biochemical parameter that can indicate a host of medical conditions including anemia, polycythemia, and pulmonary fibrosis.
In AIP Advances, by AIP Publishing, researchers from SigTuple Technologies and the Indian Institute of Science describe a new AI-powered imaging-based tool to estimate hemoglobin levels. The setup was developed in conjunction with a microfluidic chip and an AI-powered automated microscope that was designed for deriving the total as well as differential counts of blood cells.
Often, medical diagnostics equipment capable of multiparameter assessment, such as hematology analyzers, has dedicated subcompartments with separate optical detection systems. This leads to increased sample volume as well as an increase in cost of the entire equipment.
In this study, we demonstrate that the applicability of a system originally designed for the purposes of imaging can be extended towards the performance of biochemical tests without any additional modifications to the hardware unit, thereby retraining the cost and laboratory footprint of the original device."
Srinivasan Kandaswamy, Study Author, SigTuple Technologies
The hemoglobin testing solution is possible thanks to the design behind the microfluidic chip, a customized biochemical reagent, optimized imaging, and an image analysis procedure specifically tailored to enable the good clinical performance of the medical diagnostic test.
The data obtained from the microfluidic chip in combination with an automated microscope was comparable with the predictions of hematology analyzers (Pearson correlation of 0.99). The validation study showed the method meets regulatory standards, which means doctors and hospitals are likely to accept it.
The automated microscope, which normally uses a combination of red, green, and blue LEDs, used only the green LED during the hemoglobin estimation mode, because the optimized reagent (SDS-HB) complex absorbs light in the green wavelength.
Chip-based, microfluidic, diagnostic platforms are on the verge of revolutionizing the field of health care and colorimetric biochemical assays are widely performed diagnostic tests.
"This paper lays the foundation and will also serve as a guide to future attempts to translate conventional biochemical assays onto a chip, from point of view of both chip design and reagent development," said Kandaswamy.
Besides measuring hemoglobin in the blood, a similar setup with minor modifications could be used to measure protein content, cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin.
Arcot, L., et al. (2021) Developing microscopy based microfluidic SLS assay for on-chip hemoglobin estimation. AIP Advances. doi.org/10.1063/5.0036446. | <urn:uuid:4f27adda-6807-44b8-be10-9607a7283369> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210224/Microfluidic-chip-and-AI-powered-automated-microscope-help-measure-hemoglobin-levels.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.921452 | 593 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Your values guide your life. The life you lead today is the product of the standards you used to make your decisions in the past. If your values were good you probably made some good choices. On the other hand, any past wrong values may have resulted in bad decisions.
Let’s do an assessment of your current value system.
Ask yourself about the value that you place on …
Too many people forget about their values in their pursuit of success. Albert Einstein once said, “Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.” Einstein became an extremely successful man. His success is recorded in history for future generations to read. Yet his pursuit was to become a man of value. Success followed his values.
Decisions based on wrong principles may have brought you to where you are today. But you must remember that your future is not determined by your past. Now that you have assessed your values from the past, you are ready to move forward with a new value system for your future. Get ready for a great future filled with great decisions! | <urn:uuid:4f79ec39-f66b-46f1-9aa6-af7ad43b6599> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://charismamag.com/spriritled-living/purposeidentity/assessing-your-value/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.967553 | 241 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Cowhide rugs are more hardwearing than synthetic rugs
It is imperative to consider that shoddy floor coverings can negatively affect the general mat life expectancy. A portion of the issues that can happen when cowhide floor coverings have been ineffectively tanned incorporate the loss of hair from the mat alongside twisting on the corners and early wear. Picking a learned and experienced merchant for a cowhide mat is significant and exploration ought to be done progress of time of any buy in order to guarantee that the interest in such a floor covering is made with a trustworthy dealer. Appropriate production of great cow skin carpets by and large includes progressed tanning strategies which have gotten exceptionally refined lately and have permitted makers to bring to the table genuine mats that will endure forever with the right consideration in the normal home.
A decent quality bovine shroud carpet will be chrome tanned to forestall balding and twisting, and generally be liberated from patches or scars. Because of the common idea of cowhide some scarring and marking might be available on the cover up and look for best Cowhide Rug. This ought not to be mixed up of a deformity, it is basically one of the innate qualities of cowhide because of it is characteristic birthplaces. One of the huge contrasts between a manufactured carpet and one made of genuine cow skin is the way that each evident cowhide mat will be only somewhat extraordinary in appearance and will be a novel kind of floor covering while engineered mats are frequently made so that each and every mat is the very same when it is developed. A property holder may feel that a one of a kind mat would upgrade the estimation of the homes inside.
Guaranteeing that cowhide mats will have a long, sound life expectancy includes thinking about the mat appropriately and furthermore treating it right while it sits on the floor. The fundamental component of legitimate cow skin mat consideration incorporates never permitting it to be doused with water and keeping it vacuumed consistently. Brushing it consistently can likewise help keep the mat looking new and shiny. With appropriate consideration and normal upkeep, a valid and characteristic cowhide mat will keep going for quite a long time and may even look preferred after some time over a manufactured carpet that will wear out at a swifter rate. Should a property holder consider brightening with a cowhide mat and be happy to invest negligible energy cleaning and vacuuming the mat, buying true cowhide is enthusiastically suggested. | <urn:uuid:2aeeea88-fd0a-4f67-8a7e-f67789380dd4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.easyporting.com/cowhide-rugs-are-more-hardwearing-than-synthetic-rugs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.94598 | 492 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Can you legally smash a car window if a dog is inside on a hot day?
- Credit: PA
As the region prepares for a sweltering few days, with temperatures due to peak at 31C, it is important to remember that hot cars can kill dogs. Here's a look at what you should do if you spot a dog in distress.
This week is set to host the hottest day of the year so far, following on from a warm weekend which saw temperatures rise to 26C in Norfolk after enduring several weeks of heavy rain.
While this is cause for celebration, it's also cause for concern as the heat can prove fatal to dogs which are left in cars while their owners enjoy the sunshine.
A hard-hitting message regarding this issue was posted on the Dogs Trust Facebook page this morning, which included a quote from Francis Rossi of Status Quo, and revealed that 'over a quarter of UK dog owners admit to leaving their dog alone in parked cars, and AA call outs to rescue dogs locked in parked cars have increased by 50pc in past six years.'
They added: 'Under 20 minutes in a hot car can prove fatal to a dog should its body temperature exceed 41C. As the temperature inside the car rises, in just a matter of minutes, the dog's suffering will become evident through excessive panting, whimpering or barking. This will develop into a loss of muscle control and ultimately the kidneys will cease to function, the brain will become irreversibly damaged and the heart will stop.'
The RSPCA have also shared a powerful video on their social media about the issue, tweeting it with the message: 'Don't take the risk with your dog, even if you 'won't be long''.
According to the latest data from the Dogs Trust almost half of us 'mistakenly believe it is ok to leave a dog in a car if counter-measures are taken' such as parking in the shade or opening the car windows, however this is not the case.
- 1 46-cabin holiday park proposed for Norfolk countryside
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- 4 Dereham coach firm closes after more than 50 years in business
- 5 Mysterious 'large black animal' spotted roaming in fields near city
- 6 Three teenagers saved after inflatable gets blown out to sea
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- 8 Richard Osman visits city shop while filming for BBC show
- 9 Range Rover hit by train after straying onto level crossing
- 10 Artist dies just weeks after Covid cancellation of psychiatrist appointment
So what can you do if you spot a dog suffering in this way?
Start by assessing the animal's condition and work out whether they are displaying signs of heatstroke such as heavy panting, excessive drooling or vomiting. The dog may also appear drowsy or uncoordinated. If they are exhibiting any of these signs, you should call 999 immediately.
If the police are too far away you may consider taking action in order to free the dog. In this instance you must make sure the police are aware of your intentions and understand that you might have to defend your actions in court. Because of this you should obtain images or record footage of the dog in distress and collect the names and phone numbers of any witnesses in the area.
In terms of the law, the Criminal Damage Act of 1971 states that a person has a lawful excuse to commit damage if 'at the time of the act or acts alleged to constitute the offence he believed that the person or persons whom he believed to be entitled to consent to the destruction of or damage to the property in question had so consented, or would have so consented to it if he or they had known of the destruction or damage and its circumstances'.
In a message on their website, Norfolk Constabulary advises the public not to do this 'unless certain of your ground and are prepared to defend your actions at court in the unlikely event any action was taken.'
• For more information or guidance on animal cruelty contact the RSPCA on 0300 1234 999. | <urn:uuid:60ec812a-5754-4f8a-afcc-4892828be0d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.edp24.co.uk/news/can-you-legally-smash-a-car-window-if-a-dog-880328 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.957065 | 866 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Learn about Hyper-V features that increase functionality and usability of Microsoft Windows Server 2016. Also, throughout this eBook, you’ll find some basic PowerShell examples that will help you leverage the scripts in your environments!
|Which maximum version of Zabbix is supprted on CentOs 6.||7||345|
|Cygwin VIM in WIndows 2007: Unable to copy text to Windows||10||60|
|Unable to disassociate and associate elastic IP address EC2-VPC||6||46|
|I have a very restricted PC (gpo - not batch or command shell). how can i run a batch from gpo during log off process ?||3||65|
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Lefler, Hugh Talmage
8 Dec. 1901–21 Apr. 1981
Hugh Talmage Lefler, historian and author, was born in Cooleemee, Davie County, the son of Charles Deems and Eva May Swicegood Lefler. After attending Weaver Junior College, he was graduated from Trinity College, Durham, in 1921 with honors in history and membership in Phi Beta Kappa. Receiving his master's degree at Trinity in 1922, he taught history in Greensboro High School for a year and then entered graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania where he received a doctoral degree in 1931. Lefler joined the faculty of North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering in 1926 and remained there until 1935, when he became a professor of history at The University of North Carolina following the departure of Professor R. D. W. Connor to become archivist of the United States.
Although Lefler enjoyed his work in the history of colonial America and often said he preferred to be identified as a historian of colonial America, it was as a historian of North Carolina that he came to be widely known. Even before leaving Raleigh, he had prepared a source-book for North Carolina history and issued it in duplicated form. In 1934 it was published by The University of North Carolina Press as North Carolina History Told by Contemporaries, and it was revised and enlarged four times over a thirty-year period.
Proving to be a popular and effective teacher, he was named Kenan Professor in 1955. Prior to his retirement in 1972, he estimated that he had taught around 18,000 students in residence and many hundreds in extension courses. In the classroom he was both stimulating and entertaining, and although there might be as many as a hundred in attendance, each felt that Lefler was speaking directly to him. His sense of humor and his ability to recall appropriate stories to fit special occasions and to illustrate specific points were especially notable. In a variety of ways he served the university and the state well. He was a member of the board of governors of The University of North Carolina Press for nearly thirty years as well as of the administrative board of the School of Journalism and the advisory board of the Research Laboratories of Anthropology, and he served on numerous search committees for new faculty, hearing boards, and other faculty bodies. He was chairman of the editorial board of the James Sprunt Studies in History and Political Science and served as a member of the North Carolina Historical Commission, the Advisory Committee on Historical Markers, the editorial board of the North Carolina Historical Review, and the Historic Sites Commission. Editorial writers across the state relied on him for penetrating comments on events of the day, while feature writers found him a fount of knowledge concerning the state's history, geography, population, and problems in countless categories. When questions of fact or interpretation were raised, Lefler was called upon for the final and unquestioned answer.
During summer sessions, Lefler was visiting professor at Duke University, the Woman's College of the University of North Carolina, the College of William and Mary, Syracuse University, and the University of Pennsylvania. He felt strongly that good teachers "kept alive" by doing research and publishing significant findings. He took great satisfaction in the success of his students, both undergraduates and graduates. During his nearly forty-year-tenure at Chapel Hill, he directed fifty-two master's theses and twenty-six doctoral dissertations.
Publications by Lefler were numerous and varied. He contributed to the major encyclopedias as well as to the Dictionary of American Biography, the Dictionary of American History, and Notable American Woman. With Oscar T. Barck, Jr., he was the author of three textbooks: Colonial America (1958 and 1968), A History of the United States, 2 vols. (1968), and The United States: A Survey of National Development, 2 vols. (1952). With A. R. Newsome he was the author of Growth of North Carolina (1940 and 1947), North Carolina: The History of a Southern State (1954, 1963, 1973, and 1976), and North Carolina: History, Geography, Government (1959 and 1966). With Aubrey Lee Brooks he was editor of The Papers of Walter Clark, 2 vols. (1948–50), and with Louis R. Wilson he completed R. D. W. Connor's Documentary History of the University of North Carolina, 1776–1799, 2 vols. (1953). With Paul Wager he was editor of Orange County, 1752–1952 (1953), and with William S. Powell he was author of Colonial North Carolina (1973). He compiled a pioneer bibliography, A Guide to the Study and Reading of North Carolina History (1955, 1963, and 1969), and he contributed the history section to the North Carolina Guide (1939 and 1955). He also contributed to Travels in the Old South: A Bibliography (1956). With a thorough introduction and extensive annotations, he edited John Lawson's New Voyage to Carolina (1967). He was the editor of an early Federalist document, A Plea for Federal Union (1948), and the author of a study of a fellow native of Davie County, Hinton Rowan Helper: Advocate of a "White America" (1935). Lefler published a two-volume History of North Carolina in 1956 and a History of the United States from the Age of Exploration in 1960. He contributed biographical sketches of North Carolinians to The Patriots: The American Revolution General of Genius (1975) and to Keepers of the Past (1965). His articles and edited documents appear in a number of historical journals.
Noted as an excellent tennis player, a successful fisherman, and a generous gardener who shared his flowers and vegetables with neighbors, he was a Rotarian and a member of the Episcopal church. He contributed two chapters on the early history of the church to The Episcopal Church in North Carolina, 1701–1959, published in 1987. In 1931 he married Ida Eley Pinner of Suffolk, Va., and they were the parents of two sons, Hugh T., Jr., and Charles Deems. He was buried in the old Chapel Hill Cemetery.
University of North Carolina, Alumni Review 69 (June 1981).
Chapel Hill Newspaper, 21, 22 Apr. 1981.
Chapel Hill Weekly, 11 June 1959, 31 Oct. 1960, 22 Nov. 1964, 24 Sept. 1967, 4 Oct. 1970, 18 Nov. 1973.
Charlotte Observer, 30 Nov. 1939.
Durham Morning Herald, 31 July 1955, 22 May 1958, 24 July 1960.
Greensboro Daily News, 22 July 1973.
A. C. Howell, The Kenan Professorships (1956).
William S. Powell, ed., North Carolina Lives (1962).
Raleigh News and Observer, 9 Dec. 1951, 27 July 1954, 16 Jan. 1955, 21 Aug. 1960, 22 Apr. 1981.
"Hugh T. Lefler 1901-1981." N.C. Highway Historical Marker M-54, N.C. Office of Archives & History. http://www.ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?sp=Markers&k=Markers&sv=M-54 (accessed November 8, 2013).
Hugh Talmadge Lefler Papers, 1800s-1977 (collection no. 04279). The Southern Historical Collection. Louis Round Wilson Special Collections Library. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www2.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/l/Lefler,Hugh_Talmadge.html (accessed November 8, 2013).
"Hugh Talmadge Lefler Cooleemee, N.C.." Photograph. The Chaunticleer. [Durham, N.C.]: Trinity College. 1921. http://library.digitalnc.org/cdm/ref/collection/yearbooks/id/1720 (accessed November 8, 2013).
"Photograph, Accession #: H.1954.2.1." 1953-1954. North Carolina Museum of History.
1 January 1991 | Powell, William S. | <urn:uuid:0251e803-42b7-4466-b252-360383961de0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ncpedia.org/biography/lefler-hugh-talmage | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00127-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949705 | 1,717 | 2.015625 | 2 |
|This article does not cite its references or sources. You can help WikiFur by references.|
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The Foxcoon exists primarily within the furry community as a mix of two popular species (fox and raccoon) to be used by some as a fursona. The foxcoon can be attributed with traits of both species, but the most commonly drawn form is that of a red fox with raccoon markings. The animal is occasionally given smaller ears to give a more mixed appearance. | <urn:uuid:6f526ea7-f79e-4a3e-a1e2-b7c3b227fa8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://en.wikifur.com/wiki/Foxcoon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.941801 | 122 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Credit-Induced Boom and Bust
The Review of Financial Studies (Forthcoming)
63 Pages Posted: 8 Jul 2014 Last revised: 22 Dec 2016
Date Written: October 2, 2016
This paper exploits the federal preemption of national banks in 2004 from local laws against predatory lending to gauge the effect of the supply of credit on the real economy. First, the preemption regulation resulted in an 11% increase in annual lending in the 2004-2006 period, which is associated with a 3.3% rise in annual house price growth rate and a 2.2% expansion of employment in the non-tradable sectors. These effects are followed by a sharp decline in subsequent years. Furthermore, we show that the increase in the supply of credit reduced delinquencies during the boom years but increased them in bust years.
Keywords: Great Recession, subprime, credit supply, credit expansion, household leverage, household debt, preemption rule
JEL Classification: E20, E30, E51, G28
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation | <urn:uuid:2f427b44-86fe-429d-83e1-f635a5aeb20f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2463516 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.921302 | 218 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Ahead of 'Orphan Sunday,' Another Country Halts International Adoptions
An estimated 130 organizations and 2,000 events worldwide will mark the fifth Orphan Sunday this weekend. But the event takes on new challenges this year, as public criticism and country adoption closures have increased.
Since September, children from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are not allowed to leave the country with their adopted parents for up to 12 months. The Congolese government suspended exit permits and new adoption applications because, according to the U.S. State Department's Intercountry Adoption report:
"This suspension is due to concerns over reports that children adopted from the Democratic Republic of the Congo may be either abused by adoptive families or adopted by a second set of parents once in their receiving countries."
Supporting this fear: Reuters recently investigated the sizable underground market in America for "re-homing," where a couple will adopt a foreign child, only to later give it up for adoption again. More than 24,000 internationally adopted children are no longer with their original adoptive parents, claims Reuters.
However, although the DRC blames adoptive families for failed adoptions, the United States Institute of Peace notes some shortcomings of the DRC itself that also affect overseas adoptions:
"The DRC ranks at the bottom of every corruption index; pervasive corruption undermines peace, increases business costs and strengthens the predatory state."
The Associated Press recently took an in-depth look at critics and defenders of the evangelical adoption movement, as well as how international adoptions have dropped from almost 23,000 in 2004 to less than 9,000 last year. It writes:
"Some evangelicals are so enamored of international adoption as a mission of spiritual salvation — for the child and the adoptive parents — that they have closed their eyes to adoption-related fraud and trafficking, and have not fully embraced alternatives that would help orphans find loving families in their home countries."
The closing of the DRC to adoption followed on the heels of Kathryn Joyce's book, The Child Catchers: Rescue, Trafficking, and the New Gospel of Adoption. Joyce investigated the exploitation of adoption, especially among evangelicals, in which she includes horror stories of adoption in America. Joyce also claims the DRC is the latest country to experience an adoption boom and bust among American adoptive families.
Lawmakers are trying to fix the problem. A proposed solution—the Children in Families First Act (CHIFF)—was introduced to the Senate in September and to the House of Representatives last week. The bill "brings the need for ethical, transparent and accountable child welfare systems to the forefront" as it also seeks to provide better governmental leadership, strengthen international adoption, and serve orphans through families.
CHIFF hopes to use tax dollars to reduce the number of orphans living without families, while also working with other countries to improve their own orphans' lives. Among CHIFF's supporters are many Christian organizations, including the Christian Alliance for Orphans (which sponsors Orphan Sunday), Saddleback Church, Bethany Christian Services, and Focus on the Family.
Jedd Medefind, president of the Christian Alliance for Orphans, has responded to the heated criticisms found in Joyce's book, ultimately acknowledging that the work of Christian adoptions—although not always done perfectly—is still worth doing:
"Yes, errors and pitfalls will always come with any effort to address deep human need. So we must labor continually to minimize risks and avoid unintended consequences. Yet this realism need not lead to the cynicism that defines The Child Catchers…Rather, it reminds us that we must do two seemingly opposite things at once: relentlessly pursue the highest ideals…while also knowing that the situations we enter and the results we achieve will often be far less than ideal." | <urn:uuid:de03a20e-7ade-4f01-a9be-8d14d1d772c8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.christianitytoday.com/gleanings/2013/november/orphan-sunday-democratic-republic-of-congo-halts-adoption.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00217-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948136 | 766 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Autism Awareness Month is observed in April and this year’s focus is to actively involve friends and partner organisations to help instill the values of acceptance and appreciation to everyone even remotely connected with the condition.
What is Autism?
Autism (or Autism Spectrum Disorder) is observable as a mental condition, present from early childhood, and is characterised by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships and in using language and abstract concepts. The complex disorders of brain development that constitute Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are also observable through repetitive behaviours.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that fully 1% of the world’s population has Autism Spectrum Disorder. It is a heartbreaking ailment as it tends to render its victims unemployable, creating dependency and exerting pressure on existing resources.
Not too long ago people with Autism were placed in mental institutions. The nature of the condition and its characteristics were easy to generalise and pigeon-hole. Thankfully, through research and observation, fuller information is now available and children with autism are now able to grow, learn and flourish, certainly at a different rate than others but also at a plane that the rest of us can never fully comprehend.
There is no universal remedy for Autism. There are however different education approaches and treatments that work by addressing the unique challenges presented by the disease. It is important to note that individuals present differing symptoms and therefore each one requires a different approach to the management of their condition. Emphasis is naturally laid on the necessity of early treatment and integrating the individual’s strengths to effectively counter his or her weaknesses and needs.
The last half century has seen the focus of the Autism Society through the platform of the National Autism Awareness Month centre mostly on individuals living with autism. This year, while those living with autism still remain the centre of attention, time and resources will also be spent on those who care for and interact with people living with autism. This added dimension to the National Autism Awareness Month brings to the fore the crucial auxiliary aspect of other participators, ensuring acceptance and inclusion in schools and other communal places. The stated aim is to create a society where those with Autism Spectrum Disorder are appreciated and valued for their unique talents while entrenching a non-discrimination policy.
To achieve the objectives of the National Autism Awareness Month there are a number of activities lined up that will include local events and activities. The possibility of setting up ‘supportive places’ where those affected by Autism and their families can find help and guidance has been mooted.
By its very nature, and its appearance in early childhood, schools still present the best place for educating those of us fortunate enough not to suffer from the condition and set us on the long road to demystifying ASD. This will be achieved by creating changes in perception through the promotion of inclusion and acceptance in the classroom (and elsewhere) and ultimately learning to live together. Consequently a good number of the activities lined up will be school-based this April in celebrating National Autism Awareness Month.
If you would like any information about the use of stem cell therapy as a treatment option for Autism, please contact us. | <urn:uuid:be665a0f-9520-4100-b950-699b43e10160> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://globalstemcells.com/stem-cells-topics/autism-awareness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.960599 | 641 | 3.578125 | 4 |
ITALY IN THE CORONAVIRUS ERA: TRAVEL, THE MAFIA, THE OLYMPICS, THE PANTHEON, AND MORE….
Inside Italy in the coronavirus era as reported by Italian news agency ANSA:
(ANSA) – Rome, May 11 – Rome got a scary start today when a 3.3-magnitude earthquake shook the capital at 5:03 am, waking up many residents. The epicentre of the quake was 11 kilometres from the capital, near to the town of Fonte Nuova, at a depth of 10 kilometres. There have been no reports so far of injuries or major damage
(ANSA) – Rome, May 8 – Italy’s mafias will invest in tourism and restaurants hit by the coronavirus emergency, the government’s COVID-19 criminal infiltration monitoring body said Friday. The tourism and catering sectors will have a “lack of liquidity that will expose them to loan sharking” with the risk of the mafia taking over the activities with the aim of laundering money, the report said.
(ANSA) – Rome, May 8 – The government is thinking of setting up a fund for the hotel sector, one of the sectors hardest hit by the coronavirus emergency and one of those most at risk of mafia infiltration, sources said Friday. The idea is to set up a fund “from which hotel owners can quickly obtain liquidity after partially ceding ownership, temporarily and at face value, with the prospect of being able to repay the funding obtained in an easier timeframe”, the sources said.
(ANSA) – Rome, May 5 – Italians put on an average two kilos of weight during the 55-day coronavirus lockdown, farm group Coldiretti said Tuesday. Staying at home and unable to take their usual vigorous exercise, coupled with a boom in comfort foods filled with sugar, carbohydrates and fat, has bloated the average Italian, Coldiretti said. The amount of food on Italian tables rose by 18% during the lockdown, it said.
Italians have now started trying to shed that excess baggage after they have been allowed to jog, walk and take personal exercise in parks and along seafronts in phase two of the coronavirus emergency. Some 47% of Italians have said losing weight is one of their priority goals, according to the Ixè polling firm that says Italians have turned to diets and exercise to get back in shape.
(ANSA) – Rome, May 8 – Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio on Friday proposed giving a posthumous gold medal for civic valour to medical staff, priests and others who have died in the coronavirus emergency. “We must honour those who, while fighting against the virus, gave their lives to save those of so many other Italians, “Di Maio said. “A gold medal for civic valour awarded to these angels. Doctors, nurses, priests and many others. The country owes it to them. Let’s not give up”.
(ANSA) – Rome, May 7 – Italy is still in the “epidemic phase” of COVID-19, Higher Health Institute (ISS) chief Silvio Brusaferro told the Lower House’s social affairs committee on Thursday. “The fact that the curve for infections is dropping is positive and this is a result of the measures taken and the behaviour of Italians,” he said. “However, this does not change the fact that we have new cases and that the virus is still circulating in the country and thus must lead us to take the necessary measures” for containment.
He said the data available shows that the level of immunity to COVID-19 is still very low in Italy. Though this varies between the different areas of the country, “at an overall level we are very far from the 70% necessary for the herd immunity threshold”, he said. Brusaferro added that the “aim is to contain the virus. We cannot yet imagine eradication of the virus, which will only be possible with a vaccine”.
(ANSA) – Rome, May 6 – The Senate gave definitive approval Wednesday to a decree on holding the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina. The decree was passed by 225 vote to nil with one abstention. The Games are scheduled to take place from 6 to 22 February 2026 in Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo. This will be the fourth Olympic Games hosted in Italy and the first hosted in Milan. It will mark the 20th anniversary of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, the 70th anniversary of the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d’Ampezzo and the 80th anniversary of the Italian Republic. It will be the first Olympic Games featuring two host cities.
(ANSA) – Rome, May 5 – A sinkhole that opened up in front of the Pantheon in Rome last week has uncovered ancient Roman paving stones, sources said Tuesday. The seven travertine blocks, which have been found about two and a half metres below today’s cobblestones, were part of the original paving when the Pantheon was built by Emperor Augustus’s friend Marcus Agrippa in 27-25 BC, Rome special superintendent Daniela Porro said. “This is further evidence of Rome’s inestimable archaeological riches,” she said. The paving was first discovered during the laying of service lines in the 1990s.
More travel news:
A fascinating interview with Italian archaeologist Alfonsina Russo, director of the Parco Archeologico del Colosseo which, in addition to the Colosseum, includes the Roman Forum, the Palatine Hill and the Domus Aurea. A really good read, thanks to Wanted in Rome: https://www.wantedinrome.com/news/the-colosseum-looks-to-the-post-covid-19-era.html
Fiumicino Airport debus portable thermoscanner to test passengers and staff:
Rome’s Fiumicino international airport has become the first airport in Europe to introduce a portable thermoscanner, known as the Smart Helmet, to screen passengers and staff for possible symptoms of covid-19. The airport says that the high-tech helmets, worn by authorised airport officials, are capable of checking body temperatures, at a distance. Fiumicino, also known as Leonardo da Vinci airport, is currently in possession of three of these helmets that will be used by staff walking around the terminals.
The airport says that if the technology detects that a person has a high temperature, they will be informed immediately and invited to undergo a medical check. The helmet is part of a co-ordinated effort by the airport to increase its screening measures as Italy prepares to enter “Phase Two” of the coronavirus emergency. The airport says it has re-organised its spaces in line with social distancing measures and has made hand sanitiser and masks available. Fiumicino will have a total of 90 thermal scanners in operation to “guarantee maximum safety conditions and prevent the spread of infections.”
Important information in English for those who need to travel to, or through, Italy under the coronavirus travel restrictions:
Italy’s ministry for foreign affairs outlines the rules, requirements and various scenarios in which you can travel to Italy. The ministry provides detailed information in English on documents required, self-isolation and rules after arriving at an airport, ferry port or railway station in Italy. The ministry provides answers to a series of questions including: * I’m an Italian expat or a foreign national resident in Italy, may I return to Italy? * I live abroad and need to transit through Italy on my way to the country where I live. What must I do? * I’m a foreign national in Italy, may I return to my home country?
For full details, in English, see Ministero degli Affari Esteri website. | <urn:uuid:79ca6df5-95d1-464d-9c58-1a5f8515d6d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://joansrome.wordpress.com/category/travel-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.959246 | 1,687 | 1.5625 | 2 |
March 13, 2001 to June 2, 2001
Monterey to Hawaii and back
May 17, 2001: Leg 4; Day 9
Dave Clague writes: The last dive on Leg 4 of the Hawaii expedition is underway as I write this. After we recover the vehicle tonight, we will steam for Honolulu for arrival at 8 a.m. Friday. The dive today is a continuation of the heat flow transect begun yesterday that MBARI Post-doctoral Scientist Kelsey Jordahl described in yesterday's report. This part of the expedition was a resounding success with 57 dives around the Hawaiian Islands during legs 2, 3 and 4 that collected 1182 rock samples, 136 pushcores, 49 sediment scoop samples, 32 heat-flow measurements, 21 live animals (leg 4 only), and 38 animals frozen for DNA studies.
We had poor luck with the weather during legs 2 and 3, but conditions improved during leg 4 and we were able to complete the program we had planned. We never got to dive on Loihi Seamount, Papa'u Seamount, Hilo Ridge, or Hana Ridge offshore Haleakala due to poor weather conditions, but added work on the South Kona landslide, drowned reefs around Lanai and Kahoolawe, the Kahoolawe submarine rift zone, drowned reefs off Oahu, the Waianae landslide off the west coast of Oahu, and additional work on the west side of Kohala Volcano.
We collected rejuvenated stage lavas from cones offshore Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau, and from several vents in the deep channel between Kauai and Oahu. We sampled drowned coral reefs on Niihau, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe, and on the east and west sides of Kohala Volcano on Hawaii. The reefs we sampled contain a rich history of climate change over the past 5 million years, in addition to defining the subsidence history of the various islands. We also sampled the flanks of Niihau, Waianae, Molokai, Mauna Loa, and Kohala volcanoes. In each case, the flanks of the islands are composed mainly of volcaniclastic rocks. We examined the structure and eruptive products of a number of volcanic landforms including flat-topped volcanic cones, pointed cones, fissures that produced linear vent constructs, and several examples of submarine lava ponds. The samples and data will take several years to completely analyze, but we are all heading home feeling somewhat exhausted, but exhilarated about what we have learned.
I want to particularly recognize the cheerful support and hard work of the many MBARI staff and the non-MBARI scientists who joined us and made the expedition such a success. The non-MBARI scientists who participated on the expedition included summer intern Kristen Benchley (leg 2), Lizet Christiansen (leg 4), Brian Cousens (leg 4), Jackie Dixon (leg 4), Ken Hon (leg 4), Billy Moore (leg 3), Jim Moore (leg 3), Juli Morgan (leg 2), Jennifer Reynolds (legs 2 and 4), Ed Seidel (leg 4),and Jerry Winterer (leg 2). In addition, the entire ship crew under Captain Ian Young and Tiburon ROV team under Dale Graves performed extraordinary feats on a regular basis to keep us working under adverse conditions. They made it all look easy! Their effort and skill are the foundation that allows the scientists to execute their programs. Mahalo to all of them. | <urn:uuid:bddae9d7-e16f-41fa-ba03-6c529c79ffc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www3.mbari.org/expeditions/Hawaii/Leg4/May17.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.934433 | 729 | 1.984375 | 2 |
|Datasheet||Specific References||Reviews||Related Products||Protocols|
|Vector Type||Mammalian Expression Vector|
|Expression Method||Constiutive ,Stable / Transient|
|Selection In Mammalian Cells||Hygromycin|
A polyhistidine-tag is an amino acid motif in proteins that consists of at least five histidine (His) residues, often at the N- or C-terminus of the protein.
Polyhistidine-tags are often used for affinity purification of polyhistidine-tagged recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and other prokarfyotic expression systems.
|Mouse GLIPR1 ORF mammalian expression plasmid, C-GFPSpark tag||MG50869-ACG|
|Mouse GLIPR1 ORF mammalian expression plasmid, C-OFPSpark / RFP tag||MG50869-ACR|
|Mouse GLIPR1 ORF mammalian expression plasmid, C-Flag tag||MG50869-CF|
|Mouse GLIPR1 ORF mammalian expression plasmid, C-His tag||MG50869-CH|
|Mouse GLIPR1 ORF mammalian expression plasmid, C-Myc tag||MG50869-CM|
|Mouse GLIPR1 ORF mammalian expression plasmid, C-HA tag||MG50869-CY|
|Mouse GLIPR1 Gene cDNA clone plasmid||MG50869-G|
|Mouse GLIPR1 ORF mammalian expression plasmid, N-Flag tag||MG50869-NF|
|Mouse GLIPR1 ORF mammalian expression plasmid, N-His tag||MG50869-NH|
|Mouse GLIPR1 ORF mammalian expression plasmid, N-Myc tag||MG50869-NM|
|Mouse GLIPR1 ORF mammalian expression plasmid, N-HA tag||MG50869-NY|
|Mouse GLIPR1 natural ORF mammalian expression plasmid||MG50869-UT|
|Learn more about expression Vectors|
Glioma pathogenesis-related protein 1, also known as Protein RTVP-1, GLIPR1 and GLIPR, is a single-pass membrane protein which belongs to the CRISP family. GLIPR1 / RTVP-1 was expressed in high levels in glioblastomas, whereas its expression in low-grade astrocytomas and normal brains was very low. Transfection of glioma cells with small interfering RNAs targeting GLIPR1 / RTVP-1 decreased cell proliferation in all the cell lines examined and induced cell apoptosis in some of them. Overexpression of GLIPR1 / RTVP-1 increased astrocyte and glioma cell proliferation and the anchorage-independent growth of the cells. In addition, overexpression of GLIPR1 / RTVP-1 rendered glioma cells more resistant to the apoptotic effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and serum deprivation. GLIPR1 / RTVP-1 regulated the invasion of glioma cells was evident by their enhanced migration through Matrigel and by their increased invasion in a spheroid confrontation assay. The increased invasive potential of the GLIPR1 / RTVP-1 overexpressors was also shown by the increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in these cells. The expression of GLIPR1 / RTVP-1 is correlated with the degree of malignancy of astrocytic tumors and that GLIPR1 / RTVP-1 is involved in the regulation of the growth, survival, and invasion of glioma cells. GLIPR1 / RTVP-1 is a potential therapeutic target in gliomas. | <urn:uuid:a7907857-160e-4020-b9fa-8bcd7c7096f1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sinobiological.com/commodity~105914~product.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00113-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.803951 | 836 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Tuesday, April 05, 2011
EPA's New Energy Star Standards for Light Fixtures
Light fixtures that earn the Energy Star save consumers money on their energy bills and reduce the costs and hassle associated with bulb replacement. The bulbs in Energy Star qualified fixtures last at least 10 times longer than standard light bulbs. The fixtures will continue to meet other strict performance requirements that ensure quick start-up and high quality light output, as well as reduced toxics in the fixture materials. Additionally, the fixtures will come with a 3-year warranty, which is above the industry practice.
Energy Star was started by EPA in 1992 as a market-based partnership to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through energy efficiency. Today, the Energy Star label can be found on more than 60 different kinds of products as well as new homes and commercial and industrial buildings that meet strict energy-efficiency specifications set by EPA. Last year alone, Americans, with the help of Energy Star, saved $18 billion on their energy bills while reducing greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to 33 million vehicles. (EPA)
More information on light fixtures
More information about the Energy Star program | <urn:uuid:1432f20e-1987-4dbc-b439-73f38a232467> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cenvironment.blogspot.com/2011/04/epas-new-energy-star-standards-for.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00327-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951458 | 225 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Big data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G are transforming the business world. By embracing these technologies, organizations across the globe are realizing untapped potential in efficiency, customer experience, talent and profitability, and have been able to make better, more streamlined mergers and acquisitions. However, companies must also address the risks. We look at the transformative nature of big data from three perspectives: the benefits, the effects on our workforce and the inherent risks of information security and technology. Harnessing transformative big data technologies By embracing big data, companies can improve their business models and tap into its benefits to assist in the buying or selling of companies. Here are some ways intelligent technologies are enabling competitive advantages: Improved business intelligence: Big data allows companies to compile millions of pieces of raw data that is then distilled into useful information for predictive, modeling or scenario analyses. This gives companies unprecedented visibility and insights into work streams, capital cycles, customer behavioral patterns and more, helping companies improve both planning and forecasting models. They can know when and how much to produce, allowing companies to reduce inventory costs and consider future headwinds that may impact their bottom line. Big data also helps companies make more informed business decisions, especially when it comes to potentially buying other companies or selling your own. From a due diligence perspective, analytics can help potential buyers identify issues more quickly, which can help buyers and sellers close and integrate deals faster. According to 2016 EY research, 46 percent of private equity executives believe the availability of sufficient granular data is the most important factor in keeping them in an acquisition process. Forty-four percent believe that a lack of confidence in information is the most significant factor that causes a PE firm to reduce its offer or walk away from a deal. Advanced AI: By improving big data, AI has become even more advanced in its decision-making capabilities. With more data, an AI app can perform complex tasks and achieve more accurate outcomes. Additionally, with 5G, companies can handle massive data volumes from remote or mobile locations. The ability to capture data from remote sensors, transfer it to large data centers and apply it to both AI and machine learning provides companies with new opportunities. For example, the auto industry is fast on its way to introducing autonomous vehicles to the public through these advancements in AI. Enhanced customer experience: Big data can help companies better serve their customers using insights gleaned from the customer’s actual actions and preferences. Big data has not only helped make customer service more proactive, it’s also allowed companies across various industries to make responsive products and services. In healthcare, customer-enhanced experiences could improve the health of a population by predicting potential health problems and organizing early medical interventions, such as a local flu outbreak. With information collected from big data, companies can design products focused on the needs of customers in new and unimagined ways. In an M&A transaction, big data can also provide valuable insights into existing or potential customers. For example, in a retail deal, big data can reveal how customers are segmented, what they’re buying, when they’re buying and the influences on that buying behavior. Buyers can use that information to compare it to their own customer base to identify synergies and areas to complement. Big data and the workforce The emergence of big data has also opened doors for new talent opportunities and created a huge demand for a skilled workforce. Companies, governments and universities are working together to help prepare the workforce with the knowledge and skills needed to tackle today’s biggest challenges. Here’s how big data has already affected workforce needs: Demand for skilled talent: While some skeptics of big data believe intelligent technology will eliminate jobs, others argue it creates new jobs for skilled workers. As big data and AI grow, data scientists and big data experts have become the most highly coveted workers in the IT field. Low unemployment rates and a strong economy create challenges for companies to win top skilled talent for these roles. As a result, some companies are turning to non-traditional sources to find talent. Instead of recruiting from universities, companies like Catalytic are finding their workforce directly from code academies or apprenticeship programs through city colleges. Others are paying for current employees to advance their education in these fields. Some even consider it more beneficial to earn advanced degrees in data science, than MBAs, given the heightened need for talent in this area. Big data benefits HR: By embracing big data’s predictive and analytical nature, HR departments can make more informed decisions about recruiting, making better choices for the company. For example, employers can use big data determine where to distribute resources and find employees with relevant skill sets. It can also influence existing staff by learning factors that increase and decrease productivity. Potential big data pitfalls While big data is vast and carries significant benefits, companies should carefully consider certain challenges as they incorporate big data into their competitive strategy: Cybersecurity risks: Compiling large quantities of customer data – particularly sensitive information – puts companies at a heightened risk for cyberattacks, which can damage consumer trust and mitigate data advantages. It has also come under scrutiny from the government, which is enacting new regulations for handling and storing customer data. According to a 2018 AtScale survey, respondents consistently listed security as one of the top challenges of big data, and in the NewVantage report, executives ranked cybersecurity breaches as the single greatest threat their companies face. Before embracing big data, companies must fully understand and enable systems to protect their customer’s privacy and comply with government regulations. Change management: As big data is applied throughout an organization, companies must create a data-driven culture. With this new, fluid data stream, organizations will need to develop an approach to handle the influx of real-time information. This will affect work culture and may require restructuring, which takes time, money and manpower. For middle-market companies that have recently merged, this creates an extra layer of complexity to the change management structure. According to the NewVantage survey, only 32.4 percent of companies were successful at creating data-driven cultures. Under the helm of CEO Dawn Zier, Nutrisystem was able to turn the company around by insisting every business decision be made through a data-driven lens. This cultural change helped the company increase its revenue from $367 million to $691 million and increase its operating income sevenfold in just six years. It’s clear big data and other intelligent technologies offer significant benefits, including competitive agility and consumer satisfaction, but companies must be mindful of potential challenges. To compete in today’s data-driven business landscape, companies must embrace new technologies to stay ahead of the pack, while actively preparing for the risks. These technologies have the potential to change the way you do business and, when used together, become truly transformational for your company and customers. | <urn:uuid:4c70ef04-ed83-48e7-807b-88ab7a9144d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.themiddlemarket.com/opinion/why-the-middle-market-needs-big-data | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.943986 | 1,386 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Health officials in Sweden reported one confirmed case of meningitis and two probable cases among Swedes who attended a recent scout jamboree in Japan, a day after urging all 1,900 Swedish participants to consult a doctor.
"We have one confirmed case of meningitis. It's a young girl who is being treated here," a spokeswoman for Stockholm's Karolinska hospital, Mirjam Kontio said.
AdvertisementTwo other probable cases are currently being examined, Swedish Public Health Agency spokesman Christer Janson said.
Some 1,900 Swedes, most of them teens aged 14 to 17, took part in an annual scout jamboree in Japan from July 28 to August 8, attended by some 30,000 people from more than 150 countries.
Health authorities urged Swedes who went on the trip to get antibiotics to prevent the spread of the highly contagious disease, after the three suspected cases emerged.
Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord and can be life-threatening. Symptoms include high fever, a stiff neck, vomiting and severe headaches.
Several European participants have displayed symptoms, and three cases have been confirmed in Scotland, the health agency said.
P Most People Ignore Their Inner Self: International Fitness Expert Jasmin Waldmann Whistled Turkish Language Uses Both Hemispheres of the Brain Equally M
You May Also Like | <urn:uuid:8fcb1d8d-cf9a-41a0-8f89-f14baa2a621e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.medindia.net/news/swedish-health-officials-confirms-meningitis-after-recent-japan-scout-jamboree-152399-1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00025-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93277 | 287 | 2.765625 | 3 |
The Castle Valley couple were well aware that gay marriage supporters had challenged the ban. But Fitzburgh said she never imagined that Utah would join the 17 other U.S states where same-sex marriage is now legal.
“It’s not anything that I was ever expecting to see,” she said Dec. 22.
The likelihood that they’d be able to exchange vows in their home state appeared to be so remote that Fitzburgh and Vaughn made plans to get married in California next February. But the couple jettisoned those plans as soon as they had a chance to process the details of U.S. District Judge Robert Shelby’s decision.
They knew that the Salt Lake County Clerk’s office was scheduled to close for the weekend within the next half hour, so they immediately stopped what they were doing and rushed off in that direction.
The scene at the clerk’s office was a madhouse by the time they arrived, Fitzburgh said, with hundreds of people filling the hallways.
“It was a really exciting atmosphere,” she said. “People felt like they were part of something historic.”
It turned out that they got there just in time. Fifteen minutes later, the clerk’s office stopped letting other people in.
Even so, Fitzburgh said she and Vaughn had no guarantee that anyone from the office could get around to their application for a marriage license.
“They said they would try to process as many as they could for people who were waiting in line,” she said.
As they inched their way forward, another thought struck Fitzburgh: the couple had no one to officiate their wedding.
However, it didn’t take them long to find someone. According to Fitzburgh, a humanist minister just in front of them volunteered for the job.
With her help, they became one of the first 100 or so same-sex couples who became legally married in Salt Lake County.
Although state officials are now challenging U.S. District Judge Robert Shelby’s decision, Fitzburgh and Vaughn are optimistic that it will survive fully intact.
“To me, this is the tipping point, and the house of cards [against gay marriage] is really falling,” Fitzburgh said.
Vaughn believes the ruling gives them the same rights that straight couples have long enjoyed.
“We’ve been together for almost 17 years, and we’re just so excited that we did it,” she said. “I’ve spent my entire life in Utah and it’s nice to have the state recognize me the same way it recognizes everyone else.” | <urn:uuid:2c223dab-0950-4aad-875d-9218562c2b8d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://moabtimes.com/pages/full_story/push?article-Local+couple+become+part+of+historic+first+wave+of+gay+marriages+in+Utah%20&id=24274613 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00427-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988159 | 565 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Continuity of Measures
Again we start with definitions. An extended real-valued set function on a collection of sets is “continuous from below” at a set if for every increasing sequence of sets — that is, with each — for which — remember that this limit can be construed as the infinite union of the sets in the sequence — we have . Similarly, is “continuous from above” at if for every decreasing sequence for which and which has for at least one set in the sequence we have . Of course, as usual we say that is continuous from above (below) if it is continuous from above (below) at each set in its domain.
Now I say that a measure is continuous from above and below.
First, if is an increasing sequence whose limit is also in , then . Let’s define and calculate
where we’ve used countable (and finite) additivity to turn the disjoint union into a sum and back.
Next, if is a decreasing sequence whose limit is also in , and if at least one of the has finite measure, then . Indeed, if has finite measure then by monotonicity, and thus the limit must have finite measure as well. Now is an increasing sequence, and we calculate
And thus a measure is continuous from above and from below.
On the other hand we have this partial converse: Let be a finite, non-negative, additive set function on an algebra . Then if either is continuous from below at every or is continuous from above at , then is a measure. That is, either one of these continuity properties is enough to guarantee countable additivity.
Since is defined on an algebra, which is closed under finite unions, we can bootstrap from additivity to finite additivity. So let be a countably infinite sequence of pairwise disjoint sets in whose (disjoint) union is also in , and define the two sequences in :
If is continuous from below, is an increasing sequence converging to . We find
On the other hand, if is continuous from above at , then is a decreasing sequence converging to . We find | <urn:uuid:b25b4533-b803-4cd6-b659-b583874bc10a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2010/03/23/continuity-of-measures/?like=1&_wpnonce=cb13afa090 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00137-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967565 | 443 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Tower of Power
With innovations like a skyscraping solar energy system, Australian entrepreneurs have taken the lead in finding fossil-fuel alternatives - and grabbed a beachhead in a huge global market.
(Business 2.0 Magazine) -- Rattling down a red dirt road on the edge of the Australian outback, Roger Davey hits the brakes and hops out of a rented Corolla. With a sweep of his arm, he surveys his domain - 24,000 acres of emptiness stretching toward the horizon, the landscape bare but for clumps of scrubby eucalyptus trees and an occasional sheep.
It's a dead-calm antipodean winter's day, the silence of this vast ranch called Tapio Station broken only by the cry of a currawong bird. Davey, chief executive of Melbourne renewable-energy company EnviroMission, aims to break ground here early next year on the world's first commercial "solar tower" power station.
"The tower will be over there," Davey says, pointing to a spot a mile distant where a 1,600-foot structure will rise from the ocher-colored earth. Picture a 260-foot-diameter cylinder taller than the Sears Tower encircled by a two-mile-diameter transparent canopy at ground level.
About 8 feet tall at the perimeter, where Davey has his feet planted, the solar collector will gradually slope up to a height of 50 to 60 feet at the tower's base. If Stanley Kubrick had put a power station in 2001: A Space Odyssey, it would've looked like this. Acting as a giant greenhouse, the solar collector will superheat radiation from the sun. Hot air rises, naturally, and the tower will operate as a giant vacuum. As the air is sucked into the tower, it will produce wind to power an array of turbine generators clustered around the structure.
Clean, renewable energy
The result: enough clean, green electricity to power some 100,000 homes without producing a particle of pollution or a wisp of planet-warming gases. Unlike wind farms and traditional solar panels, which generate electricity only when the wind blows or the sun shines, the solar tower is designed to replace carbon-spewing power plants.
"We're aiming to be competitive with the coal people," says Davey, 60. "We're filling a gap in the renewable-energy market that has never been able to be filled before." And although its final dimensions are still being tweaked, the 50-megawatt Tapio Station plant is just the small model: A half-mile-tall version is in the works for China, and EnviroMission is scouting sites in the American Southwest for other possible skyscraping power plants.
The solar tower is the most audacious of a host of renewable-energy projects under way in Australia that are making the country the global hotbed of alternative-energy entrepreneurship. Concerns over greenhouse gases, the oil crisis, and China's voracious appetite for energy may have stirred only faint interest from the U.S. government and, to date, halting efforts by American entrepreneurs.
But Down Under, people see a big upside, and a swarm of innovating Aussies are busily staking out turf in what is sure to be a massive global market for renewable energy in coming years.
In the sugarcane country of the tropical north, Queensland startup Pulse Energy is developing biomass power stations designed to produce electricity out of everything from sugarcane waste to chicken poop. The company recently signed a deal to build 30 biomass power plants in China.
Down in the island state of Tasmania, wind-power company Roaring 40s has inked agreements to put up $228 million worth of wind farms in the People's Republic. And who's pumping money into EnviroMission? Shanghai investors. In the Australian capital of Canberra, alternative-energy startup Windlab Systems is hooking up with international investment banks that want to use the company's virtual wind-farm software to scope out the best places overseas to build the real thing.
Energetech in Sydney has created wave-energy technology that taps the power of the surf to generate electricity, while Queensland's Geodynamics drills miles into the earth to mine the geothermal power of "hot rocks."
Australia is an improbable epicenter of alternative-energy innovation. It is sparsely populated and holds vast coal deposits; coal-fired power plants provide 86 percent of the nation's electricity at bargain-basement rates. The coal also makes Australia the world's highest per capita producer of greenhouse gases.
Like the United States, Australia rejects the Kyoto Accord to combat global warming. The government does run a crack R&D agency, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, which has jump-started some alternative-energy efforts, licensed technologies to private companies, and provided seed capital.
CSIRO will even give those who invest in its technologies an equity stake in any startups that are spun off. But CSIRO aside, the government has been fickle, offering incentive programs for renewable energy and then abruptly scaling them back.
Australia's homegrown venture capitalists haven't been much better. "One of the drawbacks of innovating in Australia is that the risk markets don't actually like taking risks," Windlab executive Luke Osborne observes dryly.
Yet these very obstacles have done much to propel Australian entrepreneurs to the forefront of renewable energy. For one thing, they've provided a painfully earned understanding that success in alternative energy means going global from the start--for funding, for partners, and for potential markets.
The hard-won momentum is creating vast opportunities for outside investors and foreign tinkerers to come along for the ride. "It's unbelievable how many good deals there are here in terms of companies to invest in and technologies that are immature and have yet to spin out of labs," says Ivor Frischknecht, a Silicon Valley veteran now specializing in clean tech at Starfish Ventures in Melbourne.
In a sense, the progress of Australian renewable-energy innovators is another twist on the fundamental national narrative: grappling with an isolated, harsh environment and persevering through imagination and grit. "I think there is something about Australia," says CSIRO commercialization chief Jan Bingley of the Aussie approach to innovation. "It's that whole tyranny-of-distance factor. We came from that background of having to make do with what we have down here."
One of the things Australia has, in abundance, is sunlight.
Among the sea of slicksuits the Qantas Club at Melbourne Airport just after dawn on a clear June morning, Davey, who bears a resemblance to the actor Wilford Brimley, stands out in his brown-checked sports jacket.
EnviroMission communications director Kim Forté leans over and whispers to Davey; she thinks she spots a familiar face amid the preflight caffeinating: a government bureaucrat involved in dispensing $370 million to low-emission energy projects. EnviroMission has applied for a $75 million piece of that pie, and a decision is imminent.
It's a crucial time in Davey's eight-year quest to turn the space-age images on EnviroMission's website into steel and glass. Secure the cash from the feds and a third of the cost of the solar tower's construction is in the bank. That in turn will likely open the wallets of Australian investment banks. EnviroMission has reconfigured the solar tower with the aim of winning the grant. Lose and it's back to the drawing board.
So today Davey and Forté are taking a 36-seater prop plane to Mildura--"Gateway to the Outback"--to rally support in the rural towns near the tower site. Always selling the dream, Davey stops to chat up an acquaintance he bumps into in the concourse on his way to the departure gate.
Davey's transformation from a longtime Melbourne stockbroker and securities dealer into an alternative-energy evangelist began one night in the late '80s when he flipped on his TV. A popular science show featured a story about a solar tower prototype tested in Spain in the early 1980s. Designed by a German engineering firm in the wake of the oil shocks of the '70s, the 50-kilowatt plant proved the solar tower's feasibility. But once oil prices crashed, its economic viability evaporated. "I saw this, and it grabbed me," Davey recalls. "It was so green and so clean, and it could be a large producer of power."
The Kyoto Accord was reached in 1997, and the following year Davey acquired a license from Germany's Schlaich Bergermann & Partner to use the technology in Australia, China, and the United States. Oil prices hit rock bottom in late '98 and then began to rise sharply.
Advanced technology: The rising sun
Davey incorporated EnviroMission in late 2000. Shortly thereafter, the Australian government unveiled a program requiring that 2 percent of the country's then-total electricity production come from renewable sources by 2010. With the emergence of a renewable-energy market in Australia, Davey announced plans to build a solar tower.
The initial specs were outlandish to say the least: The station would be a 200-megawatt monster with a 3,300-foot-high tower surrounded by a 4.5-mile-wide solar collector. The tower would be nearly twice as tall as the tallest structure on earth, the CN Tower in Toronto. Google Earth it and you'd see the half-mile tower from space.
"People thought I was stark raving mad," Davey chuckles. "They said you couldn't do it, that it would never be commercial because it was so big and such a construction nightmare."
Not to mention the estimated $700 million price tag. Still, there was no arguing that Australia's vast expanses of flat, empty, sun-drenched terrain made Down Under an ideal locale for such a project.
And no denying the sci-fi sex appeal of the solar tower - or its allure as a deus ex machina solution to the seemingly insoluble problem of reducing greenhouse gases and pollution while boosting electricity production for an energy-hungry world.
With a solar tower, there's no fuel to dig out of the ground, transport, or dispose of, no smog, no scarred landscapes from open-pit mining. The sun rises every day and is not subject to embargoes, geopolitics, or commodity markets.
And once the solar tower's capital costs are paid off, the price of producing electricity should drop dramatically, as operating and maintenance costs are expected to be minimal. Despite its monolithic scale, the technology behind the tower is based on an elemental scientific truth: Hot air rises. The solar tower's only moving parts are its turbines.
But the Tapio Station solar tower as originally proposed represented a textbook case of "extreme engineering." To get the thing built, Davey needed to establish EnviroMission's credibility while persuading some big players to buy into his clean, green dream.
An initial victory came in 2002, when the federal government granted the solar tower "major project" status to streamline the regulatory approval process. The tower, a government minister noted, "confirms Australia as a world leader in renewable-energy production."
EnviroMission bought 24,000 acres of Tapio Station, the wheat and sheep farm located near the southwest New South Wales town of Buronga. The site is hot, sunny, flat as a roadkill 'roo, and within a few miles of the power grid.
While tower inventor Schlaich Bergermann worked on the engineering, Davey signed up Australia's biggest construction firm to conduct a feasibility study with the right to build the project. "The thing that we have to do, which we have done, is have independent people verify everything," says Davey, who earned about $190,000 from EnviroMission last year. "The independence of those people and the credibility of those people has made the project credible."
His mobile phone trills. "Hello? Yes, mate. 2:30 at your office. Done. Thanks, mate." On the line was an executive with AGL (Charts), one of Australia's largest utilities. Early on, EnviroMission locked up a deal to provide AGL with electricity produced by the solar tower.
Davey has also secured the services of Macquarie Bank, one of the country's most prominent investment banks and a financier of major infrastructure projects in Australia and overseas. Companies like General Electric (Charts) and PPG Industries (Charts) are providing free design services - with the expectation, obviously, that they will win contracts to supply components for the solar tower.
"That's been one of the skills in putting this together," Davey says. "A small company couldn't afford to take this project to fruition without the support and belief of the other majors that have been working with us."
Chinese energy demand
The latest believers are the Chinese. IN 2002 executives at Xiang Jiang Industrial, a Shanghai developer and construction company, stumbled across press mentions of the project. They flew to Melbourne to meet Davey and learn more about the technology.
Xiang Jiang subsequently became EnviroMission's second-largest shareholder when its Australian holding company invested $1 million in EnviroMission and $1 million in SolarMission Technologies, the vehicle for Davey's U.S. operations.
The Chinese also invested $8 million in a joint venture with EnviroMission to build and operate solar towers in China.
"We truly believe the technology will be successful," says Yue Tang, a Xiang Jiang director. "Every country needs renewable energy, and China will be a big market."
The joint venture has applied to build a 200-megawatt, half-mile-high solar tower outside Shanghai. "We want to build the tallest in the world," Tang says. "Reaction at all levels of government and from technical officials is all positive, but because this is a new technology, they still need more technical information to get final approval."
The market for renewable energy in China is massive. The government last year enacted a law requiring that 10 percent of power production come from renewable sources by 2010.
And it's prepared to spend $62 billion to make that happen. China's renewable-energy target represents about 60 gigawatts. Australia's total energy production is about 45 gigawatts.
The timing of the 2004 Chinese deal was propitious. Three months later, Australian prime minister John Howard's government declined to extend beyond 2010 the mandate that a percentage of the nation's electricity production come from renewable sources.
The government reasoned, in part, that since the 2010 targets for renewable-energy production are likely to be hit by 2007, there's no reason to maintain the incentives for smokestack utilities to buy clean energy. (To soften the blow, the government set up the $370 million fund to finance low-emission demo projects like the solar tower.)
The policy reversal stepped up renewable-energy companies' efforts to look offshore. "We would continue to maintain and operate the wind farms we created, but basically it wouldn't be a growing business," says Mark Kelleher, managing director of Roaring 40s, a wind-energy spinoff of Hydro Tasmania, the state's hydroelectric provider. "So it was either prepare to close down or go overseas."
In 2005, Hong Kong power company CLP took a 50 percent stake in Roaring 40s, and now the Tasmanian company is building $228 million worth of wind farms in China.
For its part, EnviroMission's U.S. arm will soon open an office in Phoenix, and Davey has been meeting with local officials about potential solar tower sites in the Southwest.
Likely locales: Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, where a group of investors injected $1.8 million into EnviroMission last year. Among those who have expressed interest are California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's energy advisers.
Redesigning the tower
A technology breakthrough and the Australian government's creation of the low-emission project fund led EnviroMission last year to downsize the solar tower plant to 50 megawatts.
The company's contractors had concluded that the original half-mile-tall tower could be built - but only at great cost. The technology would work as advertised, they said, but with one significant drawback: Power production would drop off dramatically once the sun set.
EnviroMission hired consultants at Melbourne's RMIT University and engineering firm Ove Arup to incorporate solar ponds into the solar tower to allow the power station to run 24/7.
That required a redesign of the solar collector roof, using technology developed by the University of Melbourne and CSIRO. The ponds sit outside the solar collector and trap heat in layers of saltwater. At night the heat is released to power the tower's turbines.
Davey starts scribbling on the proverbial cocktail napkin, drawing a diagram - verified by computer modeling, he says - to show how the integration of the new technologies will allow a smaller and cheaper tower to operate at greater efficiency.
At some point, almost everyone who comes across Davey and his tower ends up asking the same question: Is this for real?
And as far as Davey has come in his quest, many hurdles remain. Unforeseen problems inevitably arise when building such a massive structure. Then there's the matter of whether technology untested on such a staggering scale will work as expected, regardless of what all the sophisticated computer modeling shows.
Exporting green technology comes with its own pitfalls: Foreign governments can do a 180 on energy policy as abruptly as domestic ones. Even admirers like Frischknecht, the Silicon Valley veteran, have their doubts. "I ran the economics on it a couple of years ago and couldn't figure out how it made sense," he says.
There's also the question of how EnviroMission will make money. Davey says it depends on the financing of the Tapio Station solar tower. Regardless, he says, EnviroMission will profit from owning the land and technology plus any renewable-energy credits that might become associated with the project.
As 163 nations implement the Kyoto Accord's limits on greenhouse gases and U.S. states - including California and New York - move toward imposing their own Kyoto-style caps, such credits are certain to become increasingly valuable in a carbon-constrained world.
Davey does have additional evidence that his vision, wild though it may be, is sound. An analysis by Waterville Investment Research in New York concluded that a 50-megawatt solar tower would be competitive with other renewable-energy sources, while a larger version could produce electricity for the same cost as conventional power plants, and possibly less.
Moreover, the very quality of the people who have bought into Davey's vision - from the Chinese investors to top government officials to Macquarie, the storied Australian investment house - lends credence to his solar mission.
Indeed, it's as if EnviroMission had painted a huge smiley face on the tower, given the absence of any noticeable opposition to the project. Something about the solar tower's ability to produce clean energy from a source as abundant and, well, cheerful as the sun strikes a chord. No worries about carcinogenic soot, no Chernobyl nightmares. Or maybe it's just because the solar tower looks so bloody cool.
Whatever the reason, the public and politicians' embrace of the solar tower has been a boon to EnviroMission. The agricultural towns surrounding the solar tower site certainly have rolled out the welcome mat.
"This will put our region on the world stage; it will be of world significance," enthuses Andrew Millen, CEO of the Sunraysia Mallee Economic Development Board in Mildura. Up the road in Wentworth, the economy is already getting a boost from the busloads of Japanese and European tourists who come to snap photos of the empty solar tower site. (Tourism can be a profitable offshoot of renewable-energy projects: During the past four years, some 25,000 people have paid to see Roaring 40s's gleaming white, 200-foot-tall wind turbines erected on a bluff on Tasmania's remote northwest coast.)
Out at Tapio Station, Davey insists that the solar tower will be built whether or not the government gives EnviroMission $75 million. "This used to be a dream," he says, staring out at the horizon where the tower will rise. "Then it became a concept. Now it's becoming reality."To send a letter to the editor about this story, click here. | <urn:uuid:bff6386e-cf7a-43f3-8669-c37be66453eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2006/08/01/8382232/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00328-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950321 | 4,276 | 2.515625 | 3 |
1643: Formation of the New England Confederation Consisting of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New Haven and Connecticut colonies, this was the first union formed for the purpose of mutual defense against the French and Indians and as a forum for inter-colonial disputes.
June, 1754: Formation of the Albany Congress With delegates representing Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania (including Delaware), Maryland, Virginia, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, this congress provided for unified negotiations with the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederation.
July 10, 1754: Publication of the Albany Plan of Union Drafted by Benjamin Franklin, this was the first document to detail a proposal of inter- colonial unity and to aim for a permanent union of American colonies.
1765: The Stamp Act Congress meets in New York City This congress developed a unified colonial strategy to appeal and protest the unfair legislation of Parliament. See more...
1774: Meeting of the First Continental Congress Meeting in Philadelphia, the First Continental Congress organized a unified colonial boycott, and agreed to meet again if their terms were not met.
1774: Presentation of the Galloway Plan to Congress This proposal for union included a plan to establish an American Parliament that would provide legislative authority over the colonies and empowered with veto power over the British Parliament in regards to colonial matters.
May, 1775: The Second Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia This congress met to discuss further unified colonial appeals, to plan protests and to manage the beginnings of military action against the British. See more...
January,1776: Publication of Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union Benjamin Franklin drafts a plan of union that based representation in congress and contributions to the common treasury on the number of males in each state between sixteen and sixty years of age.
June 7, 1776: Richard Henry Lee proposes independence in Congress Lee proposes a resolution that calls for drafting a declaration of independence and a plan of government and confederation.
June 12, 1776: Committee appointed to draft Articles of Confederation Congress appoints a committee chaired by John Dickinson to draft the plan of confederation.
July 2, 1776: Draft of the Articles submitted to Congress John Dickinson's draft of the Articles of Confederation is submitted to Congress for debate and revision.
July 4, 1776: U.S. declares independence Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence is published to the world.
November 15, 1777: Congress completes the Articles of Confederation The final version of the Articles of Confederation is adopted by Congress and submitted to the states for ratification.
July 9, 1778: Eight of the thirteen states officially ratify the Articles The delegations from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and South Carolina sign and ratify the Articles of Confederation.
February 22, 1779: Delaware ratifies the Articles Delaware ratifies the Articles of Confederation, and Maryland is the only state yet to ratify. The confederation does not take effect until all states have ratified.
January 2, 1781: Virginia cession of land Virginia cedes a portion of its land west of the Appalachian Mountains to Congress.
March 1, 1781: Establishment of the U.S. Government Maryland ratifies the Articles of Confederation, formally establishing the first government of the United States.
October 17, 1781: Surrender at Yorktown British General Charles Cornwallis surrenders to the Continental Army at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the war between the United States and Great Britain.
1782: Establishment of the Bank of North America Founded by the Secretary of Finance, Robert Morris, this bank helped to stabilize the commerce of the United States.
March, 1783: Newburgh Mutiny The army stationed at Newburgh threatened mutiny because they had not received their pay and were only stopped by George Washington's effective persuasion to remain loyal to the patriotic cause.
June, 1783: Congress forced from Philadelphia A mutinous group of Pennsylvania troops, demanding pay, forced Congress to leave Philadelphia. President John Dickinson refused the assistance of all on the state militia, as he feared they were not reliable. Congress retreated to Princeton.
September 3, 1783: Signing of Treaty of Paris The Treaty of Paris establishes the terms of peace between the United States and Great Britain.
March 1784: Acquisition of the Northwest Territory Congress officially acquires the land ceded by Virginia north and west of the Ohio River.
April 23,1784: Passage of the Land Ordinance Drafted by Thomas Jefferson and accepted by Congress, this ordinance is the first to establish the process to administer newly acquired lands.
March 25, 1785: Meeting of Mount Vernon Conference Representatives of Maryland and Virginia met at George Washington's plantation to resolve conflicts over the navigation of the Potomac and Pocomoke Rivers.
September 11, 1786: Meeting of the Annapolis Convention New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Virginia, meet to discuss uniform trade regulations, but agree to appeal to all states to meet again to discuss broader reforms.
January 25, 1787: Shays' Rebellion Daniel Shays and other armed farmers from western Massachusetts are defeated in their attempt to conquer an arsenal of weapons in Springfield, Massachusetts.
May 25, 1787: First meeting of the Constitutional Convention Delegates from all states except Rhode Island meet in Philadelphia for the purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.
July 13, 1787: Passage of the Northwest Ordinance This serves as a revision of the earlier ordinance and establishes, amongst other things, that slavery is prohibited from the new region.
September 17, 1787: Draft of constitution submitted to the states The Constitutional Convention sends its draft of the U.S. Constitution to the states for ratification. | <urn:uuid:eabedf63-599e-42ab-b27c-2b46df357aff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/articles/timeline/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.92395 | 1,175 | 3.84375 | 4 |
According to a recent study by Millennial Media and comScore, the ratio of mobile devices to people on earth is nearly 1:1. Naturally, mobile means a shift in consumer shopping habits. Not that this is any groundbreaking proclamation, but consumers are moving away from shopping via desktops and conducting more of their online purchases via smartphones and tablets. However, the study revealed just how stark the evolution appears.
Based on the study, retail m-commerce sales in the US and UK are expected to jump about $86 billion over the next four years. The data also suggests that mobile extends the desktop retail audience by nearly 45%. With the research also revealing that the mobile retail audience has grown by 300% since 2011, brands may also want to put an effort behind a seamless shopping experience that stretches across desktop shopping and mobile.
Additional findings included the fact that mobile (smartphone and tablet) accounts for just over half of total retail time spent by consumers in the digital space. That’s a jump of 35% since 2010. The majority of the mobile retail audience is males between the ages of 18 and 44. Surprisingly, males are 5% more likely to shop via smartphone than females.
When actually in-store, the likelihood of males checking their smartphone versus females is roughly the same. However, each goes about using their mobile devices in a different way. Whereas females often resort to social interaction, such as texting or calling a friend or family member about a product, males tend to use their mobile devices to compare prices.
So what does it all mean? Experts have preached the importance of mobile the past few years, however many brands have still been reluctant to listen. Yet this study has revealed that mobile use is not only growing at an exponential rate, but mobile behavior has to be taken into careful consideration depending on the target a brand is pursuing. | <urn:uuid:067b10f3-e531-4146-a3b2-2d375b4275fb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://convoagency.com/mobile-means-a-shift-in-consumer-shopping-habits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00190-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969324 | 374 | 1.835938 | 2 |
|Unit Profile (as of 3072)|
|Nickname||Their Own Worst Enemy|
|Formed||Prior to 3049|
- 1 Unit Description
- 2 Unit History
- 3 Tactics
- 4 Officers
- 5 Composition History
- 6 Also See
- 7 Notes
- 8 Rules
- 9 References
- 10 Bibliography
Clan Invasion and its Effects
In 3049, descendants of the SLDF returned and began their invasion of the Periphery and the Inner Sphere. During the Clan Invasion which would ensue for next four years, the 4th Kavalleri would on Al Hillah during the conflict. The unit would suffer despite being the only surviving Kavalleri brigade unit to remain intact, from psychological problems. Unit morale would plummet over the decade since the Invasion, as false rumors of the unit's being weak and unready for combat poisoned them. The unit's sagging morale would prove to be so highly infectious, that the Överbefälhavare would block any transfer of unit personnel to other regiments out of fear these troopers would spread these ill-felt feelings. By 3062, the Överbefälhavare Christian Månsdottir's efforts to retrain and treat the Unit's morale and confidence issues had finally shown promise. These efforts had started with the Kavalleri's Överste Cizek, whom had suffered from shattering of the unit's confidence in them. The Överbefälhavare then had the unit schedule a raid into Clan Wolf space to further bolster their self-confidence.
Raid in Clan Wolf space and years leading to the Jihad
In 3063, after much preparation the 4th Kavalleri launched a raiding campaign into Clan Wolf's Occupation Zone. Their mission objective was to resupply resistance cells within Clan Wolf's space. The Kavalleri first struck Altenmarkt, where they resupplied several resistance cells on planet. After leaving the planet, before Clan Wolf's elements of Alpha Galaxy could intercept them, they would surprise the Wolves. Instead of withdrawing back to the Republic, Överste Cizek led the unit deeper into the Occupation Zone. They landed on Diosd, where the unit hooked up with the resistance groups on planet and gave them supplies. They then turned their guns against the Wolves' garrison force where they defeated them handily. With frontline troops of the Wolves closing in on him, Cizek ordered the Kavalleri to withdraw back to the Republic. The unit would return and be greeted as heroes, helping to bolster their own morale and that of the Republic. Their incursion and following ones conducted by other Republic units would rally anti-ComStar sentiment and voicing the push to oust them.
The Jihad and absorption the Republic
In January 3068, the Republic would be attacked by the Word of Blake. They would lay siege against some of its key worlds of Tukayyid and later Orestes. With Republic in turmoil, it was unclear how 4th Kavalleri responded to the invasion by the Blakist. However, in 3070, Elected-Prince and Star Colonel Ragnar Magnusson would arrive with Clan Ghost Bear forces to force off the Blakists attacks against the Republic. The long-missing Prince would negotiate and convinces its people and government to join the Ghost Bear Dominion, under his Clan's protection. The Republic's government would agree after meeting with Ghost Bear officials to merge the Republic into the Ghost Bear Dominion.
In 3072, Clan Ghost Bear and KungsArmé under the guidance of General Margrethe Minuit and Elected Prince and saKhan Ragnar Magnusson would dismantle the regiment along with other KungsArmé units. The Regiment would be remade into a Clan 2nd-Line Cluster, the 4th Kavalleri Cluster.
The 4th Kavalleri can not adapt in any specific tactic, however their 'Mech force light and medium weights allows them to perform proficiently in scouting and reconnaissance work.
4th Kavalleri (BattleMech Regiment)
- CO: Överste Jeffery Cizek
Unit Note: Stationed on Lothan, the regiment was as of 3050 were considered to be Regulars in skill, but fanatical in their loyalty to the Republic.
4th Kavalleri (2 BattleMech Battalions)
- 1st Battalion - CO: Överste Jeffery Cizek
- 3rd Battalion - CO: Överste Dolores Gunderson
3062 to 3067
4th Kavalleri (BattleMech Regiment) - CO: Överste Jeffery Cizek
- 1st Battalion - CO: Överste Jeffery Cizek
- 2nd Battalion - CO: Överste-Lojtnant Jane Maginot
- 3rd Battalion - CO: Överste-Lojtnant Sung Kim
Unit Note: The unit was considered to be Veterans and had a Fanatical devotion to the Republic. The Battalion consists of solely Light and Medium BattleMechs. They would have a large quantity of Beowulf BattleMechs as part of its 3062 refitting. By 3067, the unit would have maintained its loyalty and skill ratings from '62, and add some Clan Technology, and a large quantity of Star League upgrades to its equipment.
- CO: Överste Marty Vercammen
Aerospace note: Consisting of light and medium fighters, they were considered to Regular in their skills and had a Reliable loyalty to the Republic in 3062. By 3067, they would improve to experience rating to Regular skilled level while maintaining its loyalty rating. Company would have acquired some Clan technology and considerable amount of Star League upgrades.
1st Al Hillah Lancers (Combat Vehicle Regiment)
- CO: Överste Alexander Howanski
Heavy Armor Note: The Lancers were unskilled but reliable force in 3062.
3rd Al Hillah Assault Infantry (Infantry Regiment)
- CO: Överste Jay Sharov
Regiment Note: In 3062, the unit was still stationed on Al Hillah. By 3067, the 4th Kavalleri's component forces would be mostly upgraded to mostly Star League level technology, while having some samples of Clan technology and few obsolete A rated equipment. While the Kavalleri's entire force strengths for 3067 would be at 100% fighting strength.
As of this writing, the 4th Kavalleri's actions during the early years of the Jihad prior to their absorption into Clans Touman in 3072 are unknown.
When using Force Specific Rules found in the Field Manual: ComStar, the 4th Kavalleri suffers from sagging morale and lacks coordination due to their inexperience. The regiment would suffer a -1 to its initiative rolls.
- Field Manual: ComStar, p. 72 - Unit's post-Clan Invasion description mention in fluff.
- Historical: Brush Wars, p. 120 - 4th Kavalleri was not formed prior to events of the Ronin Wars.
- 20 Year Update, p. 51 - The unit shown formed as of 3050 prior to events of Clan Invasion.
- 20 Year Update, p. 51 - unit stationed on Al Hillah noted as of 3050.
- Field Manual: ComStar, p. 73 - Unit info as of 3062, and its background info of its situation.
- Field Manual: Updates, pp. 91-92 - Unit update and events involving them.
- Jihad Hot Spots: 3070, p. 105 Respect and Pride & Comstar Out! - News feeds show the progressive change in Republic and accepting the invitation to join the Ghost Bear Dominion.
- Masters and Minions: The StarCorps Dossiers, p. 113 - Unit dismantled and remade into Clan Cluster, process explained.
- Jihad Hot Spots: 3076, p. 105 - KUNGSARMÉ / Polar Galaxy - Newly reformed 4th Kavalleri on roster of Clan Galaxy as a Cluster.
- Field Manual: ComStar, p. 72 Tactics - Unit's method of combat noted.
- 20 Year Update, p. 51 - Deployment Table with commanding officer noted as of 3050.
- Field Manual: ComStar, p. 73 - Commanding officer as of 3062 noted.
- 20 Year Update, p. 51 - Deployment Table of the Free Rasalhague Republic as of 3050 - Regiment's status as of 3050.
- Objective Raids, p. 44 - Unit status as of 3054, including some detail on its active Battalions and its officers' names.
- Field Manual: ComStar, p. 73 - 4th Kavalleri - 'Mech force info.
- Field Manual: Update, p. 100 4th Kavalleri - 'Mech formation status as of 3067.
- Field Manual: ComStar, p. 73 - 4th Kavalleri's Aerospace support unit.
- Field Manual: Update, p. 100 - Aerospace unit's skill and loyalty rating as of 3067.
- Field Manual: ComStar, p. 72 - Heavy Armor info as of 3062.
- Field Manual: ComStar, p. 113 - Table of Organization and Equipment / Kungsarm. Unit's location noted as of 3062.
- Field Manual: Updates, p. 100 - Force strength and technology as for 3067.
- Field Manual: ComStar, p. 142 Rules Annex - Original specific rules for 4th Kavalleri. | <urn:uuid:1a9ffaf6-8c9f-4328-9e94-453015827ea5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sarna.net/wiki/3rd_Al_Hillah_Assault_Infantry | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00110-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928903 | 2,009 | 1.59375 | 2 |
It was just over a year ago that Manhattan Contrarian won the award for the "World's Most Sustainable Web Site." OK, admittedly we gave the award to ourselves, but nevertheless it was richly deserved. For example, as noted in the linked post, unlike Barack Obama we did not fly to Florida on Air Force One to give a speech celebrating Earth Day; and, unlike Leonardo DiCaprio, we did not take six flights on private planes within one month. That's true sustainability!
But if you are following the news on the subject of "sustainability," you have undoubtedly noticed that the word has become more and more separated from any connection it may once have had to the root "sustain." Indeed, you could be forgiven for concluding that, as currently used by the forces of the environmental Left, the word "sustainability" means something more like "imposing new regressive taxes in order to further lower the living standards of low income people." For example, if you go to the "sustainability" section of the web site of prestigious Yale University, you will find that Yale believes it is achieving "sustainability" by joining something called the Global Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition. What is the GCPLC? It is the cabal among the likes of the World Bank, the IMF, governments and non-profits seeking to jack up the price of energy for everybody else, including the poor and low income people of the world:
Yale will become the first university member of the Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition (CPLC), a private-public partnership among the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), governments, nonprofits, and private sector companies to strengthen carbon pricing policies. . . .
And why stop with energy? How about still further impoverishing the poor by jacking up the price of food? Actually, our friends at the U.N. have exactly that as their next plan -- all in the name of "sustainability" of course. Consider this article from June 30 at the Washington Post's wonkblog, advocating intentionally increasing the price of food, particularly the price of red meat, because meat is not sufficiently "sustainable":
Maarten Hajer, professor at the Netherlands's Utrecht University, led the environment and food report that recommended the meat tax. “All of the harmful effects on the environment and on health needs to be priced into food products,” said Hajer, who is a member of U.N.’s International Resource Panel, which comprises 34 top scientists and 30 governments. “I think it is extremely urgent.”
Before we get too far here, perhaps we should step back and consider the original meaning of the term "sustainable," and what it would entail under that meaning for something to be truly "not sustainable." According to a standard dictionary definition, something that is not sustainable should be something that cannot "be maintained at a certain rate or level." In other words, a thing or process is "not sustainable" if it is on an unavoidable glide path to oblivion, i.e., a "death spiral." And of course, when you think of death spirals, the first thing that comes to your mind is socialism.
As you well know if you spend time trying to observe the world (or if you are a regular reader of this website), economies, or parts of them, that are organized on a socialist model inevitably go into death spirals. For an introduction, check out posts here and here. The one sentence version is that, when it's "from each according to his abilities, and to each according to his needs," rational people organize their lives to decrease their abilities and increase their needs. Thus productivity gradually declines, at first slowly and then faster, unto the inevitable collapse. Importantly, though, governments engaged in socialist policies have numerous tools available to conceal the early stages of the decline, so that when the collapse comes it appears to hit all at once. An excellent example of this process is currently unfolding in Venezuela. And yes, the government of Venezuela put out cooked economic statistics purporting to show rapid growth right up through 2013, when they just stopped reporting any economic statistics at all. (Their main fraud was reporting all government spending, no matter how wasteful, as a 100% addition to GDP. Our government practices the exact same fraud.)
Is there any example of such blatant "death spiral" unsustainability going on in the U.S. right now? Well, there's Obamacare. That's the program where we pretend that it's possible for people who are already sick to buy "health insurance" by the government decreeing that it be so. We'll just have "guaranteed issue," by which rule a health insurer must accept all customers who present themselves, no matter how sick they may already be. It's just like fire insurance, where insurers are happy to sell you an "insurance" policy after your house has already burned down -- not!! Anyway, nobody would game this "guaranteed issue" thing and wait until they got sick to buy the insurance, would they?
That brings us to the great article in yesterday's Wall Street Journal, headlined "UnitedHealth Sues Kidney-Care Chain." It seems that American Renal Associates is a company that provides dialysis services to patients whose kidneys have failed. ARA would like to charge some $4000 per dialysis session to patients. Since patients who need dialysis require about three sessions per week, this would mean that each patient would represent about $600,000 per year in revenue to ARA. But some of these patients were previously uninsured, and still can't afford the premiums. No problem. ARA has created a "charity" called the American Kidney Fund, and contributes to the "charity" (tax deductible of course!), which in turn makes grants to fund the Obamacare premiums of patients on dialysis. So some patient goes uninsured until his kidneys fail and he needs dialysis, then finally buys an Obamacare exchange policy under "guaranteed issue" and gets his premiums of about $10,000 per year paid by the "charity"; and then UnitedHealth from then forward must pay $600,000 per year to ARA. Somehow UnitedHealth doesn't think this is a good idea, and has sued ARA for "fraud."
Whatever you may think of UnitedHealth's claim against ARA, it's not hard to see how this is something that can't go on for long. It's unsustainable! But why hasn't the unsustainability manifested itself yet? Writing in Investors Business Daily on July 4, Sally Pipes points out that it's the usual government deception. The Obamacare statute came complete with various subsidy programs designed to cover over and hide the statute's losses for several years until the law could become entrenched. One of these programs is called the "reinsurance program," although, as Pipes points out, the word "reinsurance" is a complete misnomer -- this is no more than a federal handout to health insurance companies. Pipes:
The "reinsurance program," on the other hand, is just a federal handout. If an enrollee's medical bills cost an insurer between $60,000 and $250,000, the government picks up part of the tab. Originally, the feds planned to pay 80% percent of the cost within that window. But in 2014, they made the program more generous -- by paying 100% of costs between $45,000 and $250,000 per enrollee. They gave out almost $7 billion that year. As the Mercatus Center study concluded, ObamaCare has depended on these subsidies to keep the exchanges from collapsing. Without the reinsurance program, premiums in ObamaCare's first year would have been 26% higher than they were.
But these statutory subsidies run out in 2017. It's just in time for Obama to leave office, and leave the problem to somebody else. As usual with the unsustainable socialist death spiral, the government covers over the problem during the early stages of the decline, and then when the government cannot continue the deception any longer, everything falls apart all at once.
And the kidney dialysis issue is just the tip of the iceberg of the gaming of Obamacare's "guaranteed issue" provisions. For another example, see this post from April 11 on so-called "short term" health insurance policies.
How long can a socialist death spiral go on before the final collapse? For the Soviet Union, it was 74 years. Chavista Venezuela has only been 18 years so far, and the end already appears to be near. Cuba is at 56 years. North Korea is at 71 years. Compare those to the eating of red meat or burning of carbon-based fuels by humans, both of which have been going on for many millennia and don't seem to be heading toward any kind of imminent denouement as far as I can see. I'd be willing to bet on either of those outlasting any socialist economic system by easily thousands of years. I'd say it's rather obvious which is "sustainable" and which not. | <urn:uuid:c4c96357-6584-4dbd-810d-7732b018a7eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://manhattancontrarian.com/blog/2016/7/3/things-that-arent-sustainable-socialism-obamacare | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00152-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972017 | 1,868 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Climate Sensitive Programming for Sustaining Peace
28 September - 26 October 2022
Upon successful completion of this programme, participants will gain a first understanding of:
- The different methodologies, techniques and tools to analyze climate-related risks;
- The translation of climate-and fragility risk assessments into integrated climate adaptation and peacebuilding programming;
- Priorities, entry points and change paths based on conflict- and climate-sensitive analyses;
- Participatory, gender- and conflict-sensitive methodologies and programmes, accounting for climate risks.
This description was excerpted from unssc.org. | <urn:uuid:c5af5d83-3686-45a4-823e-2742e528187e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://climate-diplomacy.org/events/climate-sensitive-programming-sustaining-peace-4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.894577 | 124 | 1.929688 | 2 |
At the heart of legacy IT, hosting, managed service providers (MSP) and clouds are common building blocks that include processing, networking and, of course, storage, all of which enable and advance cloud capabilities. In addition, as one of three primary building blocks of the cloud computing infrastructure, storage has a multi-tenant role.
This article explores tiered storage mediums or devices for public and private clouds, including the best storage options for different cloud services based on application performance, availability, space capacity, economics and functionality requirements. Tiered storage combines solid state drives (SSDs) and hard disk drives (HDDs).
Background and Challenges
As cloud computing and cloud storage adoption continues to grow, so do the challenges of supporting access in a safe, cost-effective way while meeting quality of service (QoS), service level agreements (SLAs) and service level objectives (SLOs). Cloud computing and cloud storage on a public, private and hybrid service addresses information demands and associated technology changes.
Both people and information are living longer and, as a result, the associated data storage to protect, preserve and serve their needs is changing the way we think about data storage. In addition to needing cost-effective data protection and preservation, performance or responsiveness of cloud-based information services and applications are critical factors in scaling cloud storage. Other business and technology challenges include being able to physically manage and store more data along with associated processing and networking resources in a given amount of space or footprint. The challenge is that not all applications or information services have the same storage performance, availability, reliability, space capacity, density or cost requirements.
The Need for Tiered Storage
From a cost perspective, using only high-capacity, low-performance storage, such as nearline HDDs, could possibly meet financial goals. The challenge with this, however, is that some applications would result in performance bottlenecks. On the other hand, using ultra-fast NAND flash SSDs would result in an exceptionally responsive system, but the cost to support large-scale amounts of data, using just SSDs, would simply be prohibitive.
The best solution is to use different tiers of storage devices installed into cloud compute servers and storage systems to meet your specific requirements. Different tiers of data storage get used in various ways by cloud services and product providers to meet diverse application needs. Your specific return on innovation for storage to support cloud applications will be measured by your system’s performance, availability, capacity and energy efficiency and how they meet various SLOs and SLAs.
The historical information usage and access model has traditionally included data creation, content modification, ending the productive lifecycle quickly, then living on a storage platform as legacy content. Once data is inactive, it might not be used again for a long time, if at all. This legacy trend still exists today, particularly for transactional and little data, making the case for data footprint reduction (DFR) techniques, including archiving, compression, deduplication, thin provisioning and storage tiering.
The challenge with legacy content is that this inactive data is occupying storage space capacity that could otherwise be used for active data. The idea is to move inactive data from premium higher-performance storage media tiers, such as SSD or fast 15K HDDs, to slower, larger-capacity, energy-efficient and lower-cost HDDs. By removing inactive data from more expensive, high-performance storage, those resources are then used more effectively while reducing overall storage costs and thereby improving the return on investment. Inactive data can be moved to a nearline or offline tier of storage locally or offsite.
With a traditional data lifecycle model, there is also the notion that data or information loses value over time. This may have been the case in the past but not now.
The new data lifecycle model shows how data can maintain or even increase its value over time by being online or nearline accessible. Many cloud-based applications, services and functionality fall into the activity model where data is created, then read, copied, analyzed, downloaded and new versions created. Recognizing activity patterns is an important step in aligning the approached tier of storage medium to different applications for public and private clouds.
What Are Your Options?
The specific type or tier of storage for enabling your cloud capabilities will depend on the type and classes of service being provided. For example, if the focus of a cloud service is providing low- or no-cost capabilities that do not need a large amount of performance, high-capacity, energy-efficient HDDs are an option. On the other hand, if the service requires low response time (latency) while supporting a large number of active users, SSDs are a good fit. What this means is that different tiers of storage media are aligned and used to leverage the various attributes of those technologies to changing needs.
|Media||Tier 0||Tier 1||Tier 2||Tier 3|
|Type||SFF and LFF SAS SSD||SFF Fast SAS 10K/15K HDD||High-capacity SAS HDD||SAS and SATA Tape|
|Usage||Online look-up tables, indices, databases, log or journal files, VM/VDI files||Online active files, database tables, VM/VDI files, Web and user files||Nearline: Online archive videos, photos, D2D backup, snapshots||Offline: Master backup, DR gold copy, archive, long-term retention|
|Profile||Very high I/O activity, low latency, I/O consolidation||Moderate I/O activity and capacity in dense footprint||Occasional read access, high capacity, low cost||Infrequent access, high capacity, very low cost|
|Characteristic||Higher I/O activity vs. space capacity mix of reads and writes||Higher ratio of storage capacity to I/O activity, reads and writes, random and sequential||Focus on high storage capacity at low cost with fast random access to data||Focus on high storage capacity at low cost for bulk access to data|
|Example||Pulsar® SAS SSDs||Savvio® 15K and 10K 2.5-inch (SFF) SAS HDDs||Constellation® 3.5-inch (LFF) SAS HDDs||Various tape and virtual tape solutions|
Seagate and Cloud Storage
Seagate is the leader in enterprise storage and, not surprisingly, is also at the heart of the cloud infrastructure. Leveraging decades of experience in high-density, large-scale enterprise, institutions, government, managed services and co-location environments, Seagate extends that knowledge to public and private cloud environments. In addition to industry-leading storage technology, Seagate has decades of experience working with various partners and their respective storage solutions, packaging, chassis and enclosures, testing and verification processes.
As a key supplier to private and public cloud and managed services providers, Seagate technology is found in enterprise environments and cloud data centers and in managed service providers to small business and consumers. In other words, Seagate has been enabling cloud compute and cloud storage from the data center to your pocket for some time!
Storage options for cloud compute and cloud storage environments from Seagate include the Pulsar® family of ultra-high performance SSDs. Complementing Pulsar drives are high–performance, 2.5-inch Savvio® 10K and Savvio 15K HDDs for higher-density scenarios, as well as energy-efficient Constellation® HDDs that can support a multiple terabyte configuration.
Table 2 shows how and where Seagate enables public and private cloud computing and cloud storage. Additionally, Seagate works with various partners to help produce public cloud, MSP, co-location and private cloud solutions.
Table 2. How Seagate Enables the Cloud
|Data Center: Public, Private, Hybrid||Business||Personal|
|Cloud Compute||Cloud Storage||Personal Cloud|
|Mix of high performance and capacity||Cost-effective, high capacity, energy saving||Local and cloud storage||Local and cloud storage|
|Pulsar® (SSD), Savvio®15K and Savvio 10K 2.5-inch performance-optimized drives||Constellation® and Constellation ES capacity-optimized drives||BlackArmor® NAS||GoFlex® Home network storage, Backup Plus personal storage and Satellite™ mobile wireless storage|
Summary and Next Steps
Many types of cloud services and products are available to support application and information needs. If you are designing or building your own cloud service or private infrastructure, and deciding what type of product to use, some decisions around resources must to be made, and made to a given cost. Tiered data storage meets the needs of applications or information services when performance, availability, space capacity, security and economic characteristics are important. Seagate understands and can leverage knowledge of enterprise IT and high-density computing environment data storage for cloud environments or decision making.
Learn more about cloud computing and cloud storage topics in the Solution Center.
Seagate is helping the world's biggest game changers solve their toughest business and technical challenges through data storage innovation.
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Thank you for connecting with us. | <urn:uuid:2066bc84-6528-457e-b097-5afcac13e981> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.seagate.com/tech-insights/tiered-storage-enabling-and-advancing-cloud-capabilities-master-ti/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00282-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898655 | 1,935 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Compare prices on car hire in Windhoek from all the major brands and find the best deals. When you book through us, unlimited mileage and insurance are always included in the price given.
Windhoek is the capital of Namibia and is centrally located in the country.The city is situated on a hill that is about 1 700 meters above sea level. This is the largest city and commercial center in Namibia, and in 2007 the population measured at almost 270 000 Founded in the 1800s and was the capital of German Southwest Africa from 1892 to 1915.
Windhoek bears still look after the German government, and the architecture is split between modern buildings and German colonial territory. Not only the architecture bears witness to the German influence, but you can visit German restaurants, and many also speak German. Christuskirche is a beautiful church that was built in the late 1800’s, and St. George’s Cathedral is one of the smallest cathedrals in southern Africa. Alte Feste & State Museum is one of the most famous museums in Windhoek that covers the history of the site.
Windhoek Hosea Kutako International Airport has one of the world’s longest runways and is located about 45 km outside the city. | <urn:uuid:2f6b2829-379e-4844-84e2-a7efb1c4d533> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.car-hire.net/namibia/windhoek/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.973421 | 261 | 1.859375 | 2 |
The coating helps the devices operate longer and could improve treatment for deafness, paralysis, blindness, epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.
Brain implants operate in one of two ways. Either they stimulate neurons with electrical impulses to override the brain's own signals, or they record what working neurons are transmitting to non-working parts of the brain and reroute that signal.
On-scalp and brain-surface electrodes are giving way to brain-penetrating microelectrodes that can communicate with individual neurons, offering hope for more precise control of signals.
In recent years, it was demonstrated that these implanted microelectrodes can let a paralysed person use thought to control a computer mouse and move a wheelchair. The researchers say their new coating can most immediately improve this type of microelectrode.
The new coating is made of three components that together allow electrodes to interface more smoothly with the brain. The coating is made of a special electrically-conductive nanoscale polymer called PEDOT; a natural, gel-like buffer called alginate hydrogel; and biodegradable nanofibers loaded with a controlled-release anti-inflammatory drug.
The PEDOT in the coating enables the electrodes to operate with less electrical resistance than current models, which means they can communicate more clearly with individual neurons.
The alginate hydrogel, partially derived from algae, gives the electrodes mechanical properties more similar to actual brain tissue than the current technology. That means coated neural electrodes would cause less tissue damage.
The biodegradable, drug-loaded nanofibers fight the "encapsulation" that occurs when the immune system tells the body to envelop foreign materials. Encapsulation is another reason these electrodes can stop functioning properly. The nanofibers fight this response well because they work with the alginate hydrogel to release the anti-inflammatory drugs in a controlled, sustained fashion as the nanofibers themselves break down.
MEDICA.de; Source: University of Michigan | <urn:uuid:e4ca466a-0ca7-46f7-b2fe-7a12bdae60ae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.medica-tradefair.com/cgi-bin/md_medica/lib/pub/tt.cgi/Better_Implants_to_Treat_Diseases.html?oid=27807&lang=2&ticket=g_u_e_s_t | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00425-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928093 | 415 | 3.625 | 4 |
This category is for Kenpo-Kempo organizations, federations, and associations which are of a general aspect to Kenpo-Kempo or organizations for specific styles for which no category exists.
Related categories 2
Central Hawaiian Activities 3 Kenpo Brotherhood Association
History, traditions, school, professors, tournaments and photo album. Schools throughout the USA.
Kempo Ryu International Karate Organization
Provides a brief Kempo history and sparring galleries including Tournament Champions. Features Kyu grade level information, dojo locations and philosophy of the art. Lists merchandise and links.
Peoples Kenpo Karate Association
A directory site for Cecil Peoples organization providing information on the instructors and member school locations in the USA. Includes discussion forum, photographs and black belts.
Professor Chow's Chinese Kara-Ho Kempo Karate
Organization which features history, biographies, school directory, and contact information.
United Studios of Self Defense
Organization from the Cerio lineage of Kenpo. Includes a directory of schools, details on history, and information on how to become an instructor to an affiliate school.
Zen Bu Kan Kempo Karate
Includes a dojo directory, upcoming events list, photo gallery and a lineage tree.
Last update:November 29, 2013 at 14:57:49 UTC | <urn:uuid:620f8402-ea34-4561-8f43-dc6a1d7b0200> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dmoz.org/Sports/Martial_Arts/Kenpo_and_Kempo/Organizations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00177-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.832997 | 268 | 1.695313 | 2 |
By Chris Morris, Sales Engineer – TEADIT
Unlike most products that need to regularly innovate and adapt over time to remain relevant, this stalwart has continued to perform without a dramatic overhaul. Perhaps this lack of innovation is due to the overall simplicity of the spiral wound gasket at a structural level. Alternating plies of metal and a soft filler material (commonly flexible graphite or PTFE) form the sealing element of a spiral wound gasket. Often this sealing ring is manufactured with a solid metal guide ring that serves to center the seal between standard pipe flanges. The gasket’s tendency to buckle radially inward under load led to the addition of a solid metal inner ring as well, which serves to eliminate the issue. However, this change was not officially incorporated into the industry’s governing standard until 2008.
The fact that spiral wound gaskets have avoided the need to evolve at the macro level doe s not mean that the product has not undergone numerous iterations of microevolution in its life-time. Advances in the filler materials as well as the manufacturing process have led to important developments that continue to shape the future of spiral wounds today. The aforementioned addition of the inner ring was developed as a response to the industry’s need for a more reliable gasket. Changes like these have led to better performance and an overall better product, hands down.
Requirements and Standards
Spiral wound gasket manufacturing requirements have long been governed under the ASME B16.20 (Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges) standard. The committee that develops and maintains this standard consists of a wide array of technical minds from across the industry, including manufacturers, system designers, and end-users. These men and women are tasked with analyzing industry trends to anticipate future needs, then using this information to develop standards that ensure that the end product meets and/or exceeds those needs. This is a tall order indeed, but for many years, this group has tried to meet the challenge head on.
Prior to 2017, the B16.20 spiral wound gasket standard consisted of primarily dimensional requirements for the product. This meant that there was widespread variation in the quality and performance of spiral wound gaskets. Manufacturers were largely free to tinker with the ‘recipe’ as long as the resultant part was dimensionally accurate per the standard. Since the fastest way to grow market share is typically to offer a product that is less expensive than the competition, the rule of the day was cheaper is better. Since the filler material is typically less expensive than the winding metal, many spiral wound gaskets were ‘soft’ and easily compressible. In most cases, the sealing element of these gaskets could be compressed so that the flange face would contact the outer metal guide ring (a natural compression stop). This meant that the seal was then no longer effected by the sealing element itself, but rather by the much less reliable outer guide ring (a metal-to-metal interface).
Despite the perceived simplicity of spiral wound gasket technology, research and testing has shown that the ratio of winding metal to filler material drastically influences the overall performance of the gasket. A 2011 study performed by several members of Teadit’s Brazillian engineering team, including Global Technical Director, Jose Veiga, and David Reeves, the Senior Specialist for Bolting and Sealing Technology at Chevron Refining, investigated specifically how winding density impacts the gasket’s sealing performance. Their findings were conclusive, and this led some to rethink the traditional approach to manufacturing spiral wound gaskets, particularly in regard to achieving a tighter seal (an important consideration for many end users). However, the value of their research would not fully be realized at a standards level for several more years.
A second study in 2017 (ASME PVP2017-65371) by Scott Hamilton, of Hex Technologies, and Joel Bauch and Jose Veiga, of Teadit, further sought to drive forward the conversation regarding performance testing of spiral wound gaskets. This paper laid out a process for effective testing and challenged the notion that achieving a desired amount of compression under a standardized load (as required per B16.20 paragraph 3.2.6) was an ineffective indicator for gasket performance. Some manufacturers had begun marketing specialized spiral wound gaskets with lower seating stresses or for low emissions performance, but why would these benefits not be standard? And without an agreed upon testing methodology, how could performance be qualified and quantified? These were the types of questions that the authors wanted to attempt to answer. The need for a more uniform spiral wound gasket was seemingly indisputable.
Uniformity wasn’t the only concern though. The focus of the 2011 study was primarily concerned with meeting the stringent fugitive emissions demands of the EPA. Because the majority of fugitive emissions come from valve stems, the main focus of the industry for a number of years was developing more robust valve stem compression packings. Leak Detection and Reduction (LDAR) initiatives led to product innovation in that realm that have driven forward drastic improvements. Having slain the beast of valve stem packing, the industry turned its attention elsewhere. Gasket performance, especially spiral wound gaskets, continued to be an area of focus in this regard.
Despite the developments of B16.20, prior to 2017, most traditional spiral wound gaskets manufactured to the standard would not meet fugitive emissions requirements today. Based on the testing performed by Veiga and Reeves in 2011, manufacturers understood that to control tightness, and by extension emissions, required careful control of the winding density and compressibility. This led most manufacturers to offer a specific line of spiral wounds marketed specifically for emissions reduction. Low emissions spiral wounds (‘low-e’ or ‘LE’ for short) may look like ‘standard’ spiral wound gaskets to the naked eye, but they incorporate a carefully controlled density as well as a filler that protrudes above the metal winding to produce optimum sealing performance at achievable sealing loads. However, such gaskets had to be specified by the customer specifically and came at a premium price.
The work done by these and others in the industry led to the adoption of a performance testing requirement in the 2017 revision to the B16.20 standard that now ensures that standard spiral wound gaskets will meet current EPA emissions requirements. As Veiga and Reeves discuss in their study paper (ASME PVP 2011-57556), “Field experience has shown that a leak can develop anywhere from a day after startup, to 15 years later after a major plant upset, and the severity of the leak can range anywhere from a PPM level violation of a consent decree to a major fire.” These are real concerns that end users face every day and pose not just a serious threat to their environmental responsibility and credibility, but more importantly to the safety and well-being of their employees. With so much on the line, end users need to trust that their critical components will work as expected every time. The current ASME B16.20 requirements mean that any customer who purchases a spiral wound should receive a controlled density gasket, without the need to specifically request (and pay for) a ‘low emissions’ part.
The innovative work done by Veiga and Reeves sparked a steady stream of investigation into the relationship between spiral wound gasket construction and performance. More testing and studies have been completed over the last 10 years since their report was published. For example, a 2013 study (PVP2013-97008) by John McCarthy, of Dominion Energy, and Jerry Waterland and Dan Reid, of VSP Technologies, investigated the connection between spiral wound gasket compressibility and pressure classification. These and many others are pioneering a way towards better spiral wound gaskets and championing spiral wound testing standards that rival those of the American Petroleum Institute (API) testing for low emissions valves and valve stem packings that have been so successful in revolutionizing that industry. The future of spiral wound gasket technology is fertile ground for continued growth!
About the Author
Chris Morris is a Sales Engineer for Teadit, supporting customers and commercial interests in the Ohio Valley and Northeast Regions. Chris is a degreed engineer with over 10 years of experience in the gasketing business who specializes in field support and engineered application solutions. He resides in Parkersburg, WV with his wife and children. | <urn:uuid:e38f6b7e-104b-4793-9bc1-7b2de42a5e57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pumpengineer.net/revolutionizing-potential-of-spiral-wound-gaskets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.955513 | 1,732 | 1.84375 | 2 |
with Linda Dunn, Dunn Information Organization
This webinar was presented March 12, 2014
By large indexing projects I am referring to such works as encyclopedias; dictionaries; multi-volume works on any topic; books or collections of letters; intranets; websites; historical documents; and multiple issues of periodical titles.
All large projects, especially those which are written over long periods of time or by a number of different authors, will have some inconsistency in names. The solution to such inherent inconsistencies is the use of an external file which contains records of the decisions made on how each name should be spelled, formatted, and under what part of the name it should be alphabetized. These files are called Name Authority Files. Once created, Authority Files "control" name entries into the index so that every name which is entered into the index is one of the authorized names in the Files. If the name is not yet in the file, it must be added, researched, and a decision made by using the rules developed for the index – and then entered into the Authority File before being entered into the index.
This webinar will answer these questions:
- What makes an Authority File an authority?
- How does creating an Authority File help the indexer(s) in completing large indexing projects?
- What has to be done to create a Name Authority File?
- Which sources will help the indexer to determine the format of special kinds of names, to differentiate between similar names, or to discover acceptable authorized names?
Linda Dunn has been a periodical indexer for over thirty years and has been interested in authority files since she began indexing. Through her work with multiple databases she has become familiar with many types of authority files both proprietary and open source.
Linda teaches an annual professional development workshop on Periodical/Database Indexing for Simmons College Graduate School of Library and Information Science which includes sections on controlled vocabularies and thesauri. In October 2014, she will launch a new workshop on all types of authority files, including personal names, corporate entities, geographic places, and subject terms or topics. She has a chapter on "Names in the Performing Arts" in Indexing Names edited by Noeline Bridge (2012) and a chapter "The Heart of the Matter: an Introduction to the Challenges of Periodical Indexing" in Index It Right! Advice from the Experts, Volume 3 edited by Enid L. Zafran (2014), both published by Information Today, Inc. of Medford, NJ.
ASI members, please log in to the website for member pricing.The webinar is $69 for non-members, and you will have long-term access to the replay.
After you purchase the webinar, return to this page, refresh your screen, and watch the replay immediately. | <urn:uuid:ca8ea099-7a71-4af4-8a1f-45bc542586f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.asindexing.org/webinars/name-authority-dunn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.941939 | 582 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Editor's note: There is a whole, sinister cultural context for growth and economics. Western industrial culture must reward -- and defend with deadly force -- exploitation for private gain. This has been institutionalized and codified, with economists as high-level priests and lackeys.
I know a few economists (academic, tenured) who think of themselves on the Archbishop level, minimum, but none who are lackeys. That said, I think this piece has an interesting take on something that is a very big problem:
Strip-mining our top-soil.
Part 1. The Dirt on Dirt.
Ethanol is an agribusiness get-rich-quick scheme that will bankrupt our topsoil.
Nineteenth century western farmers converted their corn into whiskey to make a profit (Rorabaugh 1979). Archer Daniels Midland, a large grain processor, came up with the same scheme in the 20th century. But ethanol was a product in search of a market, so ADM spent three decades relentlessly lobbying for ethanol to be used in gasoline. Today ADM makes record profits from ethanol sales and government subsidies (Barrionuevo 2006). More
From the King of the Rent-seekers, a press release:
Archer Daniels Midland Reports Record Annual Results
Forbes is underwhelmed when they parse the numbers.No Kernel Of Good News For Archer Daniels Midland | <urn:uuid:e5392965-3112-4167-9727-40a43b59a760> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://climateerinvest.blogspot.com/2007/07/peak-soil-why-cellulosic-ethanol.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923052 | 288 | 1.898438 | 2 |
How to take off construction works
The term ‘taking off’ refers to the process of identifying elements of construction works that can be measured and priced. This is necessary to produce bills of quantities and requires that the design is complete and a specification has been prepared.
Dimension paper
- 1. The timesing column, which gives the factor of multiplication for the measurements in the dimension column.
- 2. The dimension column, where the measurements are set down as taken from the drawings.
- 3. The squaring column, where the calculated volumes, areas, and so on, are set out.
- 4. The description column, where the description of the work item in relation to the measurements is written.
The dimensions that are measured will be in one of the following forms:
- Cubic measurements (e.g. 3 m x 3 m x 3 m).
- Square measurements (e.g. 3 m x 3 m).
- Linear measurements (e.g. 3 m).
- Enumerated items (e.g. ‘Nr. 3’).
- Item (e.g. ‘Testing’).
Dimensions are usually set down in order of horizontal length, horizontal width or breadth, and vertical depth or height. It is important for the sake of consistency throughout the taking off that this order is maintained.
This is a method in which several items that have the same measurements can be set down without having to replicate calculations multiple times.
The number of times that the measurement in the dimension column is to be multiplied is set down in the timesing column and separated using a diagonal stroke. The same item can be timesed multiple times by setting down additional numbers in the timesing column.
In the first example below, the cubic measurement 3.00 x 2.00 x 1.00 is to be multiplied by 2.
In the second example below, the same measurement, once multiplied by 2, is then multiplied by 4.
Dotting on
Dotting on is used to add dimensions together in the timesing column rather than multiplying. The numbers are positioned diagonally in the column with the dot between them to avoid any confusion with decimals.
In the first example below, the cubic measurement 3.00 x 2.00 x 1.00 is multiplied by (1 + 4) 5.
In the second example below, the same measurement is multiplied by (1 + 4) 5, which is then multiplied by 2.
Waste calculations
It is important that any calculations done to work out the dimensions that are entered into the dimension column are written down as waste calculations on the right-hand side of the description column. This is so that if someone reviews the taking off to check for accuracy, the process by which the final figures have been calculated can be traced back.
Where incorrect dimensions have been set down, they should be neatly crossed out with ‘nil’ written alongside in the squaring column. This indicates that the dimensions are cancelled. Care should be taken to avoid confusion with the ‘nil’ label in terms of how many figures are to be cancelled and which are still to be used in the calculations.
In the example below, the square measurement 4.00 x 2.00 has been cancelled.
The description of the item being measured is included in the description column alongside the calculations. The contents of the description should correspond to the New Rules of Measurement (NRM). Where there are more than one set of calculations associated with the same description, then they can be bracketed together on the outside of the squaring column.
This is where there are two or more descriptions that apply to the same measurement. The descriptions are separated in the description column by ‘&’ so as to clearly distinguish between them. They can also be bracketed together for clarity.
Where items are to be deducted or added, they are preceded by ‘Deduct’ or ‘Add’ in the description column.
Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki
- Bill of quantities.
- Common Arrangement of Work Sections (CAWS).
- Computers in tendering.
- Elemental cost plan.
- Firm bill of quantities.
- New Rules of Measurement.
- NRM 1.
- NRM 2.
- Quantity surveyor.
- Taking off construction works.
External resources
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As January is the time for hitting the gym, Designing Buildings Wiki lists the best gym architecture in the world. | <urn:uuid:65c23d1a-164f-4d70-ae27-4a20b3d46b7f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/How_to_take_off_construction_works | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00150-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907539 | 1,116 | 3.171875 | 3 |
In Reply to: A Respectable Trade posted by Heather Warner on October 18, 2000 at 12:40:20:
Ownership of a person is slavery. However, I think that when Sarah demands the baby from Francis, it is an act of desperation, not one of a slave-master claiming her property. Sarah's only hope is that the baby will grow up to take over the business and continue the Cole lineage. She comes of her own accord to claim the child, telling Francis that Josiah does not remember her nor the baby.
Francis is not a slave to either Sarah or Josiah, however, the baby's father is a slave. The baby is in danger because of his parentage. If Francis had never had a child and she had wanted to leave, she could have walked away freely, without fear of punishment. With the baby, she is escaping, running away from the evils society would subject her and her child to, in order to save her baby's life. She is also saving her child from slavery.
Post a Followup | <urn:uuid:0c693ae2-fee8-47d9-9500-f756f9192670> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/sgabriel/filmcourse/forum/messages/20.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983498 | 216 | 2.125 | 2 |
President Obama decided to arbitrarily change our immigration policy when he signed an executive order bypassing existing law.
If America is going to change it's immigration laws, it must be done with the cooperation of all branches of our government.
Yes Mr. President, you and others in Congress wanted to pass an amnesty law known as the Dream Act. But it never made it through that pesky Congress the American people voted in to represent them. But just because Congress didn't pass a law that you wanted enacted, doesn't give you the power to flaunt the will of the people and snub them by signing an "executive order."
President Obama stated in a speech several months ago that the existing law and constitution prevents him from making changes to our immigration law. Our country is a constitutional republic with 3 separate but equal branches of government, law needs to be approved by all 3. Evidently President Obama woke up this morning, looked at his falling poll numbers and decided to be King.
Being king is much more convenient and less messy than being a President.
Yes America has an illegal immigration problem because our borders are porous and our existing laws are being ignored. The motives behind this are many, but one glaring reason is that it is being done for political purposes.
At a time when unemployment rate among American citizens is said to be in the 14% range, it is an insult to those struggling financially and out of work, to give as many as a couple of million here in the United States illegally, legal status. They will compete for the few precious jobs available and further burden our social systems.
This "back door, on the path to amnesty" signed by executive order, is a dangerous precedent for our country. Congress and the rest of America need to stand up and tell President Obama, he is not the king.
This country was explicitly founded on the notion that we don't have royalty, we rejected it in 1776 and we reject it now in 2012.
The most unique gifts: Time capsules in American and world history: lifemagforsale.
For other points of view visit Carroll Standard: carrollstandard.com | <urn:uuid:443a1b15-d8cc-4a85-9e76-5f3ff9ff481b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.irishcentral.com/opinion/others/president-obama-declares-himself-king-and-changes-immigration-policy-159246255-238136491 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00271-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97028 | 435 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Evolving regulatory requirements in the chemical space has put a burden on the labeling process and the risk is just too great to rely on traditional methods of labeling. Strike a balance with your key stakeholders and achieve regulatory compliance with greater ease while ensuring safety for managing chemicals in the waste and recycling industry.
Managing regulatory compliance has always been a challenge for organizations. This task is especially challenging for companies dealing with chemicals or any types of hazardous materials. For instance, compliance is especially critical in the waste and recycling space where hazardous substances can be dangerous to handle even when they are being reused, recycled, reclaimed or disposed of. Even with this challenge, companies must balance adherence to strict—often exhaustive, always changing—policies and procedures with the desire to embrace digital transformation and accelerate business to keep up with growing global competition.
This leaves the regulatory affairs as well as quality and compliance personnel in the middle, serving as the conduit between standard bodies or agencies and senior leadership representing manufacturing, supply chain and other key operational functions. The back-and-forth can be dizzying as one side expects compliance at all costs and the other desires getting product to customers faster and more efficiently than ever.
Labeling is one such area that crosses departmental boundaries. For manufacturing and supply chain, the barcode label is the passport that enables the fast identification, transport, tracking and delivery of product—from production line to end customer. For the regulatory manager, that same label must conform to a myriad of regulations and standards, many of which are a moving target due to constant change.
In Chemicals, the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of classifying and labeling chemicals mandates that pictograms with red diamonds, hazard statements, signal words and more appear on applicable finished goods as well as the variety of drums, cartons and containers shipped across the supply chain. Country-specific regulations for the import/export of chemicals add even more complexity.
Managing Global Standards, Emerging Markets
In addition to complying with these strict, industry-focused regulations, companies must also pay attention to global standards and regional specific requirements. This gets particularly complicated as you enter emerging markets where countries like Brazil, China and India, as well as growing economies in Africa, continue to set unique label requirements for their trade partners. As such, regulatory departments must be more vigilant than ever in keeping up with evolving standards.
Growing Role of GS1
GS1 is one of the world’s largest organizations that develops and maintains standards to enable trade partners—manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and retailers—to use a common language as products traverse from one party to the next. With more than 1 million members in over 100 countries, GS1 provides, among other things, unique numbering and identification systems as well as barcodes that are captured on labels to help improve visibility and traceability across the international supply chain.
Increasingly, GS1 standards are being recognized and accepted to support regulatory compliance. For example, in the U.S., GS1 meets the U.S. Food & Drug Administration’s (FDA) criteria for issuing Unique Device Identifiers (UDIs) and associated barcodes to support patient safety and supply chain security. As a result, you will often find regulatory and compliance departments reviewing GS1 data and barcodes to ensure that their company—as well as their partners—are properly following standards.
Unique Rules by Country
Management of regulations and standards gets especially tricky as you expand operations into other regions of the world. Many countries expect you to meet their strict requirements for language, symbologies, transactional data and other criteria. The reasons for these stipulations are valid—as they improve the speed and efficiency in how products move through the supply chain—but they also present their own set of challenges. For instance, in Russia, medical devices must not only be in the local language, but now also include special registered markings and data from their ruling body.
The Perils and Pitfalls of Non-Compliance
The risks associated with non-compliant labeling vary, but all are damaging, if not potentially crippling.
Health and Safety Issues
First and foremost, you never want to put lives in danger due to mislabeling. Unfortunately, there are too many horror stories in recent years in which products were labeled incorrectly, resulting in sickness and even death. Whether it was allergen omissions on food labels, chemicals marked incorrectly or the infiltration of counterfeit drugs with inaccurate labels, the losses are tragic and usually lead to lengthy and costly lawsuits.
When food, chemicals and drugs are mislabeled, companies typically have to go through an exhaustive recall process, which takes up valuable resources, throws off production schedules and greatly reduces profitability. Most companies have recall procedures in place—but that does not mitigate the significant impact to operations.
Fines and Penalties
Regulatory agencies like the FDA warn violators of fines (upwards of $500K or more), seizures, suspension or revocation of licenses and criminal sanctions including imprisonment. While there has been a bit of a grace period allowing companies to get their processes in place for recent regulations like GHS, you can be sure that agencies will be looking to crack down on violations in the coming months.
Supply Chain Disruption
A ripple effect of unforeseen events like product recalls or seizures is the interruption to the flow of goods across your supply chain. What if product is confiscated or even destroyed when crossing international borders? That is what happens in China if your chemicals are mislabeled. Not only does this impact your bottom line, but it also can hurt relationships with customers and trade partners and lead to additional fines.
Beyond health risks as well as costly fine and delays, non-compliant labels—and the negative publicity they generate—can have a lasting effect on a company’s brand, which is sometimes irreversible. This situation creates opportunity for competitors and can jeopardize a company’s future.
Navigating and Sustaining Compliance: 6 Labeling Best Practices
Challenged with managing global regulations—and facing the consequences of non-compliance—now is a good time for organizations to rethink their current labeling processes. Even though regulatory and compliance teams from different industries have different rules to follow, there are some common labeling practices that can be adopted and applied across all enterprises. Indeed, new advancements in labeling take these best practices to another level in helping regulatory teams not just sustain compliance, but also save time, improve collaboration and drive overall efficiency across their supply chain.
#1: Standardize and Centralize Labeling—Once and for All
Standardizing on a single labeling solution certainly is not a new concept, but for large organizations dealing with complex regulations, it just does not make sense to rely on disparate, disconnected labeling solutions. When you isolate labeling to the production lines at remote sites, it is hard to ensure label accuracy and brand consistency across the organization. Plus, you greatly limit the visibility into labeling for key stakeholders at corporate.
Today’s labeling solutions make standardization a practical, viable reality. And when you can centralize control of labeling and provide secure access to regulatory, quality and other functions within the organization, you can systematically manage the design, review and printing of labels—whether product, packaging or shipping labels—across all of your facilities. You also reduce the number of templates you need to store. Plus, new cloud-based capabilities make it easy to extend labeling to contract manufacturers, co-packers, suppliers and distributors.
Bonus tip: The advent of new “‘multi-site” deployment capabilities provide added flexibility by empowering businesses to control label data and make decisions centrally while also allowing remote facilities to operate the labeling function autonomously.
#2: Integrate with Sources of Truth
Accuracy is paramount in regulatory labeling but with laws changing and evolving, particularly in global markets, it can be hard to stay current. That is why it is critical to integrate labeling directly with your source of compliance data. Continuing to rely on spreadsheets or “file drop” approaches to manage labeling data is asking for trouble. As rules change, you can have confidence that once new product ID numbers are captured in your regulatory database, they will be reflected on the label. Today’s labeling solutions offer reliable integration with a host of applications and systems including Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES), Product Lifecyle Management (PLM) and Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS).
Bonus tip: When looking to tie your labeling to larger, more complex systems like those from SAP or Oracle, do not underestimate the value of certified integrations. This provides added peace of mind that your labeling solution has been tested and approved for use in these mission-critical environments.
#3: Own Your Part of the Label—Literally
In many organizations, regulatory and compliance teams are often reliant on IT to manage label design and updates. You may ultimately be responsible for what is on the label, but any significant changes have to go through a cumbersome, time-consuming coding process. Instead, why not simply manage your part of the label? New layering capabilities let different groups own and control their portion of the label. As part of the regulatory team, you can now add requisite pictograms, symbologies, safety information, etc. and apply it to the appropriate labels. This not only streamlines approvals, but also supports mass updates to appropriate labels to ensure accuracy and consistency.
Bonus tip: Make sure labeling tools are intuitive and easy to use. Look for a What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) interface that lets you view labels with real data and see what it looks like before going to print. Also drag and drop rules creation lets regulatory departments configure the logic that pertains to their specific labels—including what templates receive a certain warning hazard or language change.
#4: Create a “Closed Loop” Workflow and Approval Process
With so many people involved with labeling, it is critical to have a systematic workflow process to make sure no one is left out—especially regulatory personnel. The manual or disconnected approaches of the past create too many cycles and increase the risk of errors and mislabeling. Fortunately, today’s labeling solutions can automate workflow to streamline the review and approval of labels, content and artwork; this helps to ensure that the right people are included. You can also manage version control and easily apply user rules based on role and department. This is key in regulated industries where validation, traceability and compliance are essential.
Bonus tip: Look for solutions where workflows are easily configurable to match your way of doing business.
#5: Gain Critical Insight for Auditing and Reporting
With labeling regulations continuing to increase and evolve, it is important that companies are able to quickly monitor, track and capture labeling activity—right down to the label, printer and users. Who knows when governing bodies like the FDA will audit your operation? Now you can leverage built-in business intelligence to pull data and create customized reports that address a wide range of regulatory requirements in a validated environment.
Bonus tip: Interactive dashboards are now available that go beyond simply reporting and provide real-time status of labels, workflows, print requests, configurations and user actions—from creation and approval to publication and print. Now both labeling professionals and auditors have assurance that processes are operating in accordance with key performance indicators as well as strict regulatory guidelines. Real-time insight also helps organizations make faster, more informed decisions to improve labeling.
#6: Scale Easily to Enter—and Comply with—New Markets
As companies look to enter new and emerging markets, they must contend with unique and country-specific regulatory requirements. A centralized approach to labeling helps organizations be more proactive in designating resources and aligning with new requirements, such as localized languages that must go on the label. Today’s most advanced labeling solutions support more than 10 languages out of the box with the tools to add and modify languages as needed.
Bonus tip: When you leverage built-in business logic found in enterprise-class labeling solutions, you have limitless flexibility to support a wide range of label variability including regional languages, symbols, and customer-specific requirements. Again, this logic can be applied without complicated coding and IT involvement.
To quickly recap, evolving regulatory requirements in the chemical space, certainly has put a burden on your labeling process. And the risk is just too great to rely on traditional methods of labeling. Fortunately, new innovations in Enterprise Labeling are making it faster and easier to sustain compliance while driving significant operational gains across your global supply chain. Strike a balance with your key stakeholders and achieve regulatory compliance with greater ease while ensuring safety for managing chemicals in the waste and recycling industry.
Josh Roffman is Vice President of Product Management of Loftware (Portsmouth, NH). He has more than 20 years of marketing and product management experience with leading enterprise software companies. He is responsible for defining Loftware’s product strategy and overseeing all corporate marketing functions. Specializing in the impact of supply chain trends on enterprise labeling, Josh frequently speaks at industry events. He can be reached at [email protected] or visit www.loftware.com. | <urn:uuid:2cfcf87e-23c4-492b-b920-a33a98ea4407> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wasteadvantagemag.com/best-practices-on-how-to-sustain-regulatory-compliance-for-chemical-labeling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.9368 | 2,721 | 2.109375 | 2 |
What Is a Mixed Economy?
A mixed economy is an economy that consists of a combination of a market economy, in which there is free exchange of goods in a private market, and a planned economy that is totally controlled by a governmental entity. Discover how countries show...
A mixed economy is defined as an economic system consisting of a mixture of
either markets and economic planning, public ownership and private ownership,
A mixed economic system is an economic system that features characteristics of
both capitalism and socialism. A mixed economic system protects private ...
Dec 8, 2016 ... A mixed economy combines the advantages and disadvantages of market,
command and traditional economies. Here's examples and U.S. ...
Every country follows some kind of economic system. In this lesson, you will learn
about a mixed economy. We will look at the characteristics of a...
Definition of mixed economy: An economic system in which both the private
enterprise and a degree of state monopoly (usually in public services, defense, ...
Nov 28, 2012 ... A mixed economy means that part of the economy is left to the free market, and
part of it is run by the government. In reality most economies are ...
Mixed economy definition, an economy in which there are elements of both
public and private enterprise. See more.
Countries with a mixed economy include Iceland, Sweden, France, the United
Kingdom, the United States, Russia and China. These countries have a mix of ... | <urn:uuid:93d5943c-ad58-4b60-82be-7e72918a3862> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ask.com/web?q=What+Is+a+Mixed+Economy%3F&o=2603&l=dir&qsrc=3139&gc=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00403-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890147 | 302 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Eight people are attending a seminar in a room with eight chairs. In the middle of the seminar, there is a break and everyone leaves the room.
a) In how many ways can the group sit down after the break so that no-one is in the same chair as before?
b) In how many ways can the group sit down after the break so that exactly four people are in the same chair as before?
c) In how many way can the group sit down after the break so that at least four people are in the same chair as before?
Note that your answer in each case should be an integer.
For any answer you give, describe your solution process in words.
For proofs, write out the proof as you normally would. Then, include an explanation of
your proof PRIMARILY IN WORDS. So you should have one regular proof (the kind
you see in textbooks), then another proof that describes the proof mainly in words(you
don’t see this that often).
(Please see the attachment for the complete solution)
This kind of problem is known as "derangement". Let be n ordered alphabets. By definition, a derangement of these n alphabets is a permutation of A such that no alphabet in A is in its original position. Let us consider a simple example of three alphabets . It can be seen that a regular permutation of results in permutations,
( 1 )
but only and are the derangement of the original . Notice that in and , no alphabet remains in its original position.
Is there any other way much easier in finding the number of derangements? The answer is yes. Consider the previous example. The method of finding the number of derangements can be described as follows.
First: We begin with finding all possible permutations of three alphabets , which are permutations as shown in ( 1 ).
Second: We consider the case when one alphabet is fixed and the other two remaining alphabets are varied, which are ways of arranging the alphabets. Note that the first term is the number of possible ways in choosing one fixed alphabet from three possible alphabets and the second term shows the number of possible ways in rearranging the other two remaining ...
The solution deals comprehensively with each part of this derangement problem using permutations and combinations in clearly worded explanations. | <urn:uuid:72c2bd8a-61df-49d2-ac2f-1d8f26e14b25> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://brainmass.com/math/combinatorics/important-information-about-counting-25438 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938206 | 506 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Description Description Are You a Monster? is a fun interactive read-aloud picture book that will have children of all ages roaring and stomping along, as Monster encourages them to be the scariest monster possible.
Warning! This book contains a monster. A really angry, really scary, really bad monster… or so the monster says. And Monster has a very important question: are you a monster too?
Children will love playing along with the book as monster tests them on their monster skills. Do you have a long pointy tail? Big yellow eyes? No? Can you make a big, loud noise? You can!
Kids get to join in with this hilarious story and play their monstrous part, and by the end Monster may just regret asking that all important question. | <urn:uuid:725f311e-ab27-480d-b58f-992360e73a2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.quartoknows.com/books/9780711282506/are-you-a-monster | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.949986 | 158 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Remembering Philippe Callens
By Graham Christian
Editor's note: The second and final paragraphs mention and briefly describe Philippe's death, which was self-inflicted.
Philippe Callens was one of the most remarkable social dance leaders of the later 20th and early 21st centuries; certainly he made an indelible impact on the world of English country dance in particular. Dance, specifically folk and social dancing, was a great part of his life from adolescence onward, and it might be said that dance found and saved and even created him. It was a frame for his intellectual interests and his precise scholarly aptitudes; it was active, encouraging, and filled with potential for the beauty he craved.
On January 8 of this year, Philippe disappeared from the streets of Belgium. After six weeks, during which his friends waited with increasing and helpless fear and apprehension, his body was found in Esneux in Wallonia, at the foot of the Roche aux Faucons. There can be very little doubt what happened. He was 58 years old.
Philippe experienced early success as a dancer and leader of dance, and that success was deserved. He was a beautiful dancer, light and agile, but filled with tensile strength and lively energy. He had a deep understanding of the structures and shapes of our pattern-driven dances; he loved the formal demands of the artful and complex dances to be found in 17th and 18th century collections, but he felt the most affectionate respect for the riches of the folk style, too. He was a careful student of the works and pedagogy of other leaders, closely attentive to their strengths and shortcomings, so as to improve his own approach.
He was a creator, writing at least 72 original English country dances and at least 40 contra or square dances, as well as creating at least 50 interpretations of historical dances, and even the occasional round dance (some in each genre, unfortunately, are lost). Some of these dances have risen to the status of modern treasure. All of them have merit, and all of them evince his respectful knowledge of the figures and dances that had come before. He belonged to a small and indeed vanishing class of dance leaders for whom social dance was far more than a hobby or a recreation: dancing well, for him, and for all of us when with him, was serious business, albeit conducted with the potential for great joy.
He was, while in some ways a gladly solitary person much of his life, a dedicated friend. His delight in the arts and in history extended well beyond the places to which his researches in dance led him; his pleasure in the crafts, fine arts, music, and architecture he enjoyed extended almost to a state of wonder. Much though he loved the dance, he was never happier than when inside a fine museum or library.
Philippe has now closed a book—his own—in such a way that we can never open it again. We cannot read those last pages to learn what took him to a rocky outcropping in the Ardennes; he has kept the final part of his story for himself. It is hard to miss the stress and loss of perspective that isolation during the pandemic has brought to all of us, but his journey, and his motives, must remain mysteries. We remain with what he gave us—his creations, his lessons, his example. For those of us who admired and loved him, they are not enough, not nearly enough—but they are all we can have, and they must make up the loss somehow. | <urn:uuid:a09b99a2-0b20-4be4-a7dd-07093c8668a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://store.cdss.org/programs/cdss-news-publications/cdss-news/174-cdss-news-fall-2021/2131-remembering-philippe-callens | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.987589 | 723 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Washington, Mar 2: Slain al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden had called for launching jihad against Pakistan and wanted to manipulate the tension between India and Pakistan to achieve this objective, according to newly declassified files seized from his hideout in Pakistan.
In a 42-page booklet originally in Arabic recovered from the Abbottabad compound of bin Laden during the raid by US commandoes in which he was killed, the al-Qaeda leader gives a detailed blueprint on how and where to launch the jihad against Pakistan and establish Islamic rule over the country.
In the booklet, which was released by the Office of Director of National Intelligence today, bin Laden alleged that India was planning to attack Pakistan as part of the larger American game plan to divide Pakistan.
And then he sets his eyes on the entire of South Asia arguing that it is the British colonial rulers who divided the region, which in fact is one country.
"India plans to attack Pakistan," is one of the chapters of the booklet 'Jihad in Pakistan'. In the booklet, bin Laden wrote, "India has embarked on many important initiatives, except that it is preparing for a decisive grand battle.
Among those initiatives are India's bid to purchase 134 fighter aircraft from all over the world, this will be the largest military deal in the history of the whole world." "India's military training with Britain on the highest fighting fronts, in the mountainous Siachen region on the Pakistani border.
America's grand steps in nuclear cooperation with India, through the purchase of an Indian nuclear reactor on Indian soil. India's convening the largest "Strategic War Games" in Hyderabad region.
The booklet referred to India's launch of an Israeli satellite to spy on Pakistan and its alleged announcement of increasing its force size by a million, compared to its current 1,300,000 million soldier force. "These giant steps predict an incoming storm.
India has focused its attention on Pakistans internal situation. Military analysts interpreted these steps through their statements that India will attack Pakistan, sooner or later," the booklet said. Laying out his plan of action to wage a successful jihad against Pakistan, bin Laden proposed four-prong action plan.
"We have to launch raids against the Pakistani army that is deployed on the Indian border, because these are vast desert battlefields areas and it will be easy to target them.
By these operations, we will realise that these border armies will not come to the rescue of armies that are present in Sarhad and Baluchistan; on the contrary, they will focus their efforts on strengthening their positions in their areas, as they are sensitive areas from the point of view of Pakistans war with India," he wrote.
Therefore, every attack in these areas will constitute "an anchoring nail" in the foot of the army, impeding it from movement to these areas, he argued. | <urn:uuid:436dab49-1a64-43df-b102-7d299329fc1a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.oneindia.com/international/osama-bin-laden-jihad-pakistan-document-al-qaida-international-2029133.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00059-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968033 | 582 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Disordered digestive track may result in dysentery and irritable bowel syndrome that may lead to complications.
Kutajghan Vati; the wonderful herbal formulation benefits as follows:
- This herbal medicine helps in curing digestive problems in reliable manners.
- Those suffering from chronic gastric problems are benefited in a big way with its regular use.
- Persons affected with recurrent infection in their digestive organs are also benefited.
- Bloody and watery stools are managed with this medicine that helps in balancing the acid base.
- Digestive organs are able to secrete enzymes and digestive juices for the food to be digested in convenient manners.
- Diseases including diarrhea are also eliminated.
- Loss of water and salts in the body are also recovered with this particular medicine that does not produce any side effects.
- Repeated bouts of dysentery are also eliminated. | <urn:uuid:358b44d9-1150-4ace-a992-1348a980cfcf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ayurvedicherbalcure.com/product/kutajghan-vati-for-dysentery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00064-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945158 | 179 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Wednesday, January 30, 2008
Book Review: Color Splashed Quilts
"Color-Splashed Quilts" (C&T Pub. 2007) has just the sort of bright, happy cover that gets my attention. And this book is full of cheerful, colorful and easy quilts to make and to jump-start ideas for original creations. The premise of this book is to introduce quilters unfamiliar or intimidated about fusing to using fused applique to add fun to a simple pieced quilt.
And it does what it promises. Using charming simple shapes (frogs, fruit, flowers, dogs, etc), author Carol Burniston shows how the shapes can be fused, machine appliqued or hand appliqued to turn a basic quilt into a jazzy, happy one. There are a lot of good ideas here, and all the basics for simple applique.
Technique-wise, this book isn't for an experienced quilter. there's a reason I've used the word "simple" repeatedly. Still, this book provides good inspiration for making fun kid-friendly quilts, for example, or for making any simple quilt pattern your own with a bit of applique. | <urn:uuid:1c8ef97e-2749-4328-ad9e-209becfbe698> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://goingtopieces.blogspot.com/2008/01/book-review-color-splashed-quilts.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00109-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913825 | 249 | 1.5625 | 2 |
You can make some awesome charts in D3. Animate your charts, and they’re made even awesomerer. To animate lines, such as those found in line charts, try out the following methods.
In order to animate in D3, you call the
transition function on a
d3.selection. The transition essentially creates a tween from the starting point of the animation to the specified ending point. So, to specify an animation:
- Set the starting state
- Specify that you are transitioning
- Set the ending state
Then D3 will handle the animation on the diff between the starting and ending state.
SVG Line Animation
An SVG line element has 4 required attributes,
y2. These required attributes specify where the line begins and ends in a 2D space. When choosing your coordinates, remember that the SVG coordinate plane starts at (0,0) in the top-left of the SVG element.
For our line animation, we want the line to look like it’s being drawing from the beginning to the ending point. We will follow the general formula for defining a D3 transition as stated above. Assuming we have an
svg element from the DOM selected, the remaining code might look like this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
In the code above, the line’s starting state shows the line beginning and end at the same point, (25, 15). This is so that the line appears to be
15px long when first seen in the UI. Then, over time it will grow. Note that the
attrs set after the
transition call specify the end of the line as being
400px to the right. Thus, over the duration of the transition (set to 1500ms in order to observe it), the line will appear to grow to its final length of 400px in the horizontal direction.
D3 Line Function
D3 line functions are specified differently than SVG lines. An SVG line is guaranteed to be a straight edge from the beginning to the ending point. On the other hand, a D3 line function can describe a line through many different points, and can thus be anything but straight. Think of a zig-zaggy line chart, and this is what a D3 line function is meant to accomplish. Thus, a D3 line function is often used to generate the data needed for an SVG
path, not a
line element. There will still be an SVG
stroke on a path, but we will use a different technique to animate it.
Strokes with Dashes
There are two attributes to of a
stroke in SVG that we will use:
stroke-dasharray- a set of 2 numbers. The first number is the length of the dash. The second number is the length between the dashes.
stroke-dashoffset- a dash pattern is repeated, according to the
stroke-dasharrayattribute. But this attribute specifies where to start in that repeating pattern. In other words, how many pixels offset into that pattern should the first iteration of the pattern begin. The default is 0px.
To see these numbers change and how they affect a line, check out the following SVG lines:
In each of the above cases, the
stroke-dasharray is set so the dash line length and the dash space length are equal to the total length of the total line. Note that the
stroke-dashoffset is the only attribute that changes between the 3 lines.
- In the first, the
stroke-dashoffsetis set to the length of the total line. This means that the
stroke-dasharraypattern begins at the point where the space between the dashes begins. Thus, the line appears invisible – it’s just the line-length space between the dashes.
- In the second, the
stroke-dashoffsetis set to the mid-length of the total line. Thus, the 2nd half of the first dash is visible, making the line seem half as long as its total intended length.
- Finally, the
stroke-dashoffsetis set to 0, meaning that the total line-length dash is now fully visible.
One could imagine that were the
stroke-dashoffset to tween from the full line length to 0, the line would appear to grow from the left to the right. At first, the space between the dash would be fully visible, slowly, backing off the
stroke-dashoffset until the pattern, which begins with a dash be fully visible. Let’s try it:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
The above is the simplest possible example of how to make this happen. In real life, you’re going to have:
- No foreknowledge of the data domain or maybe even the visual space range and will need a d3 scale (eg,
- A more complicated set of data which is going to lead to a more complicated line and the actual need for the line function used above
- A more complicated line where the length is not immediately obvious and where
path.node().getTotalLength()will be useful as a way to use the browser’s distance-along-a-path algorithm
In the example above, note that the total length of the line is
385px. We make the line dashed. We set the dash length and the space between the dash length to both be
stroke-dasharray. We define the animation by making the starting state have a
385px, showing nothing but the invisible space between the dash to start. Then we tween to a
0, causing the offset window to shrink until we see the dash, which is the length of the total line, grow into view.
Frankly, this dash-based solution feels like a hack. It doesn’t seem like someone sat back and thought much about how to animate a non-linear path. But this solution works well all the times I’ve used it.
What are some other solutions that you’ve found for animating lines or creating other interesting line animations? | <urn:uuid:f24636fb-9292-4457-a489-e16d8a85dcab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://jaketrent.com/post/animating-d3-line/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00358-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904779 | 1,277 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Jason's mom learned her son owned a vape while he was at church. “I didn’t mean to leave it on my bed, I just forgot about it,” the high school sophomore says. “Then I came home and my mom had it on the counter. I was like, oh Lord.”
He was grounded for a week and had his phone taken away, but Jason kept on vaping. “I still did it, I did not care—I just found new hiding spots in my room,” he says.
You’ve probably heard plenty of alarming statistics about vaping by now: After decades of plummeting smoking rates, teen tobacco use has blown up to 31%, the overwhelming majority of that due to vaping; not to mention thousands of Americans have been sickened with vaping-related illnesses and at least 64 have died, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We’re just learning about what vaping can do long-term, but we already know that it can damage the lungs, increase the risk of heart disease, and double the chances a teen will become addicted to cigarettes.
More From Prevention
But one thing that is really keeping parents up at night? In just the few short years, since Juuls were introduced in 2015, vaping has become such an integral part of the social life at many American high schools that it seems impossible to see a way out. It’s everywhere, affecting every group, and it’s an addiction that can’t be easily shaken.
To get an inside look at vape culture in America, we talked to five students at a Kentucky public high school. (Why Kentucky? The Bluegrass State is neck-and-neck with West Virginia for the highest rate of teen smoking in the U.S., has the second highest rate of teen vaping, and holds the dubious title of the highest per capita rate of lung cancer in America.)
All five of the kids we spoke to reported that more than half the kids in their school vape, some estimating the number to be as high as 70%. Below, you’ll hear from:
- Jason,* 15, a sophomore who has an after-school job at a restaurant
- Kimmy,* 16, a sophomore in student government who also works part-time
- Amy,* 15, a sophomore who is involved with a community-leadership club
- Lauren, 18, a senior and former member of the choir
- Maya,* 16, a sophomore cheerleader who plans to study special education in college
*Names are changed.
Here are their stories.
The First Time We Hit It
KIMMY: “When I was a freshman, I was at a party and this guy had a Juul, and everyone was trying it, so I tried it too. It was mango, and right off the bat, I really liked it. I was like, This is fun. It tastes good and it looks cool. My boyfriend at the time immediately wanted one really bad, and I was trying to one-up him and make him, like, proud? So I figured out somebody at school that was selling them and I got one and started vaping, like, all the time with my boyfriend. We were hanging out with a group after school, and we’d all vape, and that’s probably when I got addicted.”
JASON: “I was at the same party as Kimmy, and that was the first time I hit it. It hurt my throat and gave me a headache at first, and I was like, This probably isn’t good for me.”
AMY: “I was a freshman, at the first football game of the year. Someone offered one to me, and I had never really, like, seen one before, and I didn’t really know what was in it. They told me, ‘It’s just water vapor but it tastes like mint,’ and I was like, ‘Okay, I’ll try it!’ So I did and then I got hooked. I bought my own right there that night at the football game.”
LAUREN: “I was a freshman and I saw all my friends from school doing it in the bathroom, and I was like, Well, I’ve never done this before, so why don’t I try it? I kind of wanted to fit in. I guess I felt I needed to kind of like hop on board and try to be the cool kid.”
Even though the legal age to buy tobacco products was recently raised from 18 to 21, that never stopped any of these teens.
JASON: “It’s easy to get vapes. There are people who are older than me at work, and they’re doing worse things than vaping. But they can still get you stuff. It’s just very easy to acquire certain things.”
AMY: “When I first started, I used my birthday money. And I babysit a lot, so I was using some of that money. And honestly, one time I just found $10 sitting on the floor of my room—I think it was my little sister’s—so I took it and used that.”
KIMMY: “Older friends at school, and people’s older siblings will get it for them. I’ve also gone into a store to get them. They asked how old I am and I said 18 and they just believed me and didn’t even I.D. me.”
How We Got Hooked
How We Got Hooked
AMY: “The flavor was definitely the initial thing that was appealing, but then, you know, I got the buzz from it, I felt all tingly, and it just made my brain not really focused on anything in particular.”
KIMMY: “I remember when I first started, I would try to learn tricks and stuff in my room, and it would get to the point where I would feel so dizzy I thought I was going to pass out or, like, throw up. I guess you have to know your limits. It just kind of relaxes you and everything goes a little hazy for a second. But once you’re addicted, you have to use more and more to get that feeling.”
MAYA: “When vaping became a big thing at my school, it was kind of like you’re not anyone if you don’t do it. Anytime you’re with a group of people at homecoming, or a football game, everyone always has a Juul. My friends would be like, ‘Just hit it, it’s no big deal!’ and I just said no and laughed it off. I’m pretty much one of the only girls who doesn’t Juul.”
KIMMY: “Everyone does it, so if you did it then you were considered cool, and if you didn’t do it you were lame. All our friends started doing it around the same time.”
JASON: “I feel like you get on another level. If you’re not doing it then people who are more popular don’t want to talk to you.”
AMY: “I feel 100% that vaping is the social norm in our school. If you don’t do it, you don’t fit in. If you’re in the bathroom with your friends and they’ve all gone in a stall but you don’t, then it makes you look lame and you get left out.”
Vaping began touching every aspect of school life, from dating to report cards.
MAYA: “One time I went on a date with this boy and he picked me up and met my parents and everything seemed like it’s going really good, and then he said, ‘We just need to make a quick stop at the gas station.’ I thought he was going to fill up the gas tank, but he actually went in and bought Juul pods. So then I was like, ‘OK, I’m not feeling well, I have to go home,’ because one, he’s underage and shouldn’t be able to buy these things! And two, I just wasn’t comfortable going on a date with someone who, that’s the first thing he did was buy Juul pods. A lot of boys at my school Juul, and some of them even dip [use chewing tobacco], which is weird, because that’s like an adult thing. Some of the boys that play sports don’t Juul because they’re scared it will affect their athletic performance, but at the same time I’d say about half of them do.”
LAUREN: “I got really addicted to where I could not go a day or even an hour without it. I would probably use, like, a whole pack of mint Juul pods a day, that’s four pods in a pack. I felt like I needed to hit the Juul every second to get that buzz feeling. Vaping definitely distracted me from reality. It kind of brought me to a bad place, because I lost all my really good friends that cared about me, and I would start hanging out with people who Juul because I thought I was cool at the time. They did other stuff, too, like smoking cigarettes and marijuana, and I moved on to smoking cigarettes. It affected my grades for sure, and I lost a lot of friends.”
The Struggle to Quit
The Struggle to Quit
KIMMY: “It’s definitely scary seeing all the stories, but I guess a lot of kids, including myself, look at it as like, Oh, that’s just on the news, that’s not really going to happen to me, there’s no way my lungs are going to collapse just because I’ve been hitting a Juul or something. I guess it’s hard to comprehend, and even if you’re scared of it, it doesn’t change the fact that you’re already addicted.”
JASON: “Well, we weren’t crazy, we didn’t go through two pods a day. I would say we did like four pods a week. So I thought, like, maybe, we’re fine, that’s not going to happen to us.”
LAUREN: “The thing that finally made me quit was when I turned 17, I had a close friend whose lungs collapsed from Juuling. He had to go to the hospital for like two weeks, and it was really devastating and scary, so that put a stop to it, because I was like, Well, crap! This could happen to me. And my mom found out that I was doing and I was also losing a lot of money over it, a lot of money.”
AMY: “I stopped when I realized all the things that were in a vape that I didn’t know about when I first started using it. I felt like I was sneaking around my family all the time and I got paranoid that I was going to get in trouble, because I did get caught once and was put in in-school detention, and I was scared I’d get caught again. I tried to quit multiple times, but it didn’t work until about the fourth or fifth time. The successful thing I found was when I was out of town visiting family in a different part of the state, and I didn’t know anyone there that could get me anything, so I was kind of forced to quit. But I still get the urge to do it when it’s offered to me or I’m around it.”
KIMMY: “Last summer I stopped because everyone was getting caught and I didn’t want a bad reputation. I stopped for a long time but then my boyfriend and I broke up and I was really sad and stuff so I just went back to it. It’s crazy how hard it can be to stop. It takes all your money and it’s stressful trying to hide it from your parents and in school. At this point it’s not even that cool anymore, you’re just, like, actually addicted to the product—the cravings can get really bad. It’s scary, because like you’ve already made that decision [to vape] and you can’t take it back. I don’t own anything anymore, but if people around me are doing it, I’m gonna want it, because it’s so addicting. You can’t just get up one day and be like, ‘I’m not going to vape today.’”
Since speaking with us, Kimmy and Jason have both come clean to their parents and started tobaccco-cessation plans. All five teens expressed anger or regret about what has vaping has done to their school.
AMY: “For anyone who’s starting, I would definitely say to look into what you’re getting started on before you do, it’s really bad for your health and they still don’t even know the long-term effects of it because it hasn’t been out long enough.”
LAUREN: “If I could go back to that day when I first tried it, I would take it back in a heartbeat, because it ruined a lot of things for me, when I could have been, you know, doing things to better myself. I don’t necessarily blame the companies, but I don’t think they’re really doing a good job making sure kids have their I.D. when they buy it. Gas stations don’t card them, and kids just can go in and that’s how they get their nicotine. I also feel like a lot of companies knew teens were using it and they kept trying to make more products, like the flavored ones.”
MAYA: “I get really mad because there’s always big talk about how our generation is going to change the world and they’re kind of stopping us from being able to do that, and it’s so unfair because all these kids that are now addicted to Juul, they would have had such bright futures, every single one of them, and this path of addiction is ruining it. In my high school, if you get put into A school [alternative school, a type of in-school detention] you get your free first two years at our local community college taken away too. Kids are getting caught with Juuls multiple times and get A school, and then they have their free tuition taken away. High school is where you start to form ideas of what you want to do and where you want to go, and I feel like Juuling has gotten in the way for a lot of kids to be able to form those dreams. ”
If you’re concerned about your teen vaping, go to teens.smokefree.gov or parentsagainstvaping.org for tips on how to help them quit. For more info on how to advocate for changes to tobacco laws, check out the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. | <urn:uuid:a032ba3a-02d9-46ee-9446-f8773c2751cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prevention.com/health/a31082819/vaping-teen-addiction/?fbclid=IwAR1uNle2l__SshqPViJrBqtp6OBG-OlF0AsC7tfceK5LBIkg7rwThGztasI | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.98498 | 3,277 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida –
Members of the 479th Flying Training Group graduated their 3,000th combat systems officer June 17, 2022, at the National Naval Aviation Museum Naval Air Station-Pensacola, Florida.
Number 3,000 comes after 11 years, two months, and two days of training at NAS-Pensacola. Back in April 2011, all students received identical training.
CSO training today now involves a diverse set of specialties including electronic warfare, sensor operations, navigation and weapons employment. The Air Force began the next evolution of CSO training when it activated the 479th FTG Oct. 2, 2009. At the time, then Col. Jacqueline Van Ovost, 12th Flying Training Wing commander, (now Gen. Van Ovost, commander of U.S. Transportation Command) unfurled the unit flag and handed command to Col. Travis Willis during a ceremony at the National Museum of Naval Aviation.
“The capabilities have drastically changed since 2011, CSOs now complete rigorous academics, multiple simulators, and fly across two platforms to graduate and receive their wings,” said Col. William O’Brien, 479th Flying Training Group commander. “The term CSO has been continuously remolded and is now clearly defined. CSOs are United States Air Force integrators of electromagnetic spectrum, sensor, and weapon operations. They are humans-on-the-loop synchronizing diverse technologies; ingrained with the inherent skills to sense, target, and attack from the air, the eyes and ears in the sky.”
Each year about 300 CSOs receive their silver wings in a graduation ceremony at the museum. The graduates receive fundamental and specialized training that lasts about 12 months.
“CSOs are leaders with an extraordinary ability to abstract environmental information and apply high-tech systems on an increasingly complex battlefield,” said Col. Scott Rowe, 12th FTW commander. “Graduating 3,000 CSOs is a milestone worth celebrating and we know that CSOs will remain an integral part of every battlespace in future conflicts.
The 2009 ceremony to activate the group, marked the return to active service of the 479th FTG, which had been inactive since July 2007 when its undergraduate pilot and introduction to fighter fundamentals training ended at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia, also as a result of BRAC 2005. The group stood up its three subordinate squadrons: 479th Operations Support Squadron, 451st and 455th Flying Training Squadrons during the ceremony. Today the group has grown to four squadrons, to include the 479thStudent Squadron. | <urn:uuid:06f39274-ee5f-4ba1-8746-25e063d1452d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jbsa.mil/News/News/Article/3094357/undergraduate-combat-systems-officers-479th-ftg-graduates-3000-cso/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.950439 | 543 | 1.625 | 2 |
Red buses go green in London
The first wave of hybrid buses have hit the streets of London.
The buses, dubbed the 'Prius bus' by the mayor, will run on Route 360 through central London and use a 1.9L clean diesel engine that would be more at home in a family car to keep the electric motor which powers the bus fully charged.
Initial tests show the buses improve fuel efficiency by 40%, reduce CO2 emissions by 38%, nitrous oxide by 89% and carbon monoxide by 83%.
They are also considerably quieter than their traditional diesel equivalents due to reduced noise from the much smaller engine.
"These cleaner, greener hybrid buses are at the forefront of environmentally-friendly technology," said the mayor.
"They will help London cut pollutant emissions and so contribute to tackling climate change and improve the city's air, as well as offering passengers a smoother, quieter journey.
"Air pollution affects the quality of life of a large number of Londoners causing around 1,000 premature deaths and a similar number of hospital admissions every year.
"I am determined to improve air quality through reducing transport emissions and if this hybrid bus trial is successful we will expand their use across London."
The buses each cost in the region of £200,000, compared with around £120,000 for a comparable single-decker vehicle.
William Wright, chairman of the Wright Group which built the buses, said that over their predicted lifespan of ten years the saving made on fuel bills were likely to pay for the initial premium.
"As order numbers go up the premium will come down and fuel prices are likely to stay high for some time to come," he told edie.
"As far as the technology is concerned it's a robust technology, we've been running them for three years in tests.
"It's pushing the frontiers and we've done everything we possibly can to make them reliable."
As well as the six hybrids, six conventional diesel buses will continue to ply Route 360, making direct comparisons in performance fairly straightforward.
But in a city of over seven million, the impact made by six buses will be little more than a drop in the ocean.
"You've got to start somewhere," Mike Weston, operations director for London Buses, told edie.
"The point is to prove the technology before telling everyone they've got to replace the existing fleet with hybrids.
"The benefit for the environment is considerable and we are hoping that if we can show they work he we might encourage others to give them a go too.
"The bus network in London leads the way in the UK and beyond in innovation - this is another good example of technology we hope might bring benefits to the urban environment in the near to medium term future."
By Sam Bond
© Faversham House Ltd 2006. edie news articles may be copied or forwarded for individual use only. No other reproduction or distribution is permitted without prior written consent. | <urn:uuid:581c64cc-6cb5-4ef1-87fa-bd17661db824> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.edie.net/news/5/Red-buses-go-green-in-London/11049/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00544-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961848 | 607 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Alabama, US of A, May 25, 2011.
Subject: “Never before in the History of this World.”
Received by Oscar.
Thought Adjuster: “You are at the threshold of a spiritual epidemic. The awakenings of this era have no parallel with anything in the history of this world. Many times in the past the movements toward progress were abruptly terminated by the rebellion and its consequences. No more. Now the forward momentum is provided from on High and the sovereignty of Michael in your universe is complete, with His authority to adjudicate immediately any wrong-doing or confusion. Spiritual progress will not be stopped this time, except by the decisions of your own free will.
“A true revolution is never the result of the efforts of one person only. It could start by a small group of men and women that starts spreading an idea that becomes contagious because of the amount of truth it contains and the benefits that arise from its application. The ideas of the paternity of God, the brotherhood of man, and universal citizenship, are not new to this world, however, they have never been put into practice nor seriously and honestly considered by the inhabitants of this world.
“Many religious leaders from the past and the present have gained notoriety by expressing their ideas about love and equality, but their lives do not exhibit the fruits of the spirit. These are the leaders who despise and see as strangers those who think differently, or perhaps ask too many questions. Their mouths speak of love but true love did not as yet enter their hearts.
“New spiritual leaders must have the courage to live the life they preach. They should have a true desire to live the will of God and be the best they can aspire to be. In this way their preaching will be done by example, by their lives, their relationships with their peers, not by their words. This is the only way others can feel true love instead of just hearing about it, observing its effects in lives consecrated to truth, beauty and goodness.
“The spiritual leaders of the future will be able to overcome the apparent differences between human beings and transcend the lines of religions and ideologies, because truth can’t be contained and restrained any longer. These exemplary and exceptional lives, from an eternal point of view, will be the weight that will incline the scales towards the beginning of a revolution of light and life in this world.
“Those who are inspired to guide their siblings through the path of self-discovery will do well to remember that they are also students on the path, even when they are working as teachers, because truth is always relative, especially when viewed from your limited mortal point of view. The journey of growth in eternity will open the gates for greater realization, but it is here, in this world, where your spiritual embryo is created, to eventually grow to perfection by the co-creative contributions of man and God.”
© The 11:11 Progress Group.
“The Father has placed in you the ingredients
to create a unique and original paradise” – TA. | <urn:uuid:105d3490-15cb-4f02-b1db-74b6f7bc9ed9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.1111angels.net/index.php/messages/508-never-before-in-the-history-of-this-world?tmpl=component&print=1&layout=default | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.966581 | 639 | 1.601563 | 2 |
The New Museum Teen Apprentice Program offers students ages fourteen to nineteen work experience and exposure to contemporary art and ideas through on the job training, career-development talks, field trips to arts institutions, and group projects.
On Friday, April 15, explore contemporary art at the New Museum during our annual Teen Night, a special evening exclusively for teens!
Join us on Tuesday, November 3, for a professional development seminar for high school teachers that will address the New Museum’s Fall 2015 R&D (Research and Development) Season theme of PERSONA. This Season considers the ways and means by which we craft and present ourselves to others, while exploring the roles that the media, celebrity culture, politics, theater, and art play across the spectrum of subjecthood from “self” to “character."
This semester-long program offers teens the chance to learn about contemporary art, engage directly with artists, and participate in intimate, critical discussions about culture. | <urn:uuid:eac45aa4-f4e2-4f29-be2f-36d97ee06146> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gclass.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00098-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931654 | 195 | 1.804688 | 2 |
New Computer Centre at USK
Aasraa combines traditional teaching with modern technology. Our Computer Aided Learning program improvises and enhances the learning methodologies that we adopt for our slum and street children. We have noticed that access to easy, audio and visual learning tools has resulted in better retention of concepts and improved levels of understanding among children.
The relentless support from our donors like you have only strengthened the roots of our mission. As we step up for bigger goals in the coming new year, we consider it equally vital to review the impact of some of our recent introductions in our projects.
Unnayan Shiksha Kendra (USK), a school with limited resources, is located in the heart of one of Dehradun’s oldest and most crowded slum areas. Aasraa has been using the school premises to run one of its after school ‘Wings of Doon’ projects for the last 4 years.
The USK Wings project currently has an enrolment of 224 children (105 girls, 119 boys).
In April 2018, we set up a New Computer Centre at USK. Equipped with 15 computers, the centre has become an important medium to expose our children to technology and advanced learning tools. The classes in computer education are conducted every day. Basic concepts and applications of computer system are covered for classes 1-8.
In September 2018, we introduced the Tablets-based learning program at USK with 20 android tablets. The availability of affordable tablets has made it easier to use high quality e-learning materials with students while promoting self-paced learning. It brings about a transition towards a classroom being student-centric, with the teacher as a guide-by-the-side, in addition to his traditional roles.
The tablets are currently being used by students of class 5 and 6 for 1 hour every day. Hello English! App provides a simple lesson-based progress model where students solve various questions/quizzes that help them with everyday conversational English.
The impact of digital learning has undoubtedly added enormous value to our program. Children are grasping new concepts better through this audio-visual mode. Learning has become fun for them. Their grades are improving and we’re delighted to see our children, confident and smiling as they flaunt their wings of independence.
All is owed to our generous donors and well-wishers like you who have always rendered their valuable support to us. The unending encouragement we receive from you helps us strengthen our programs for our lovely children.
Learning with Tablets (1)
Learning with Tablets (2)
Computer Aided Learning | <urn:uuid:71d5d612-b1aa-4e57-abb9-a9cf14af6c31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/wings-of-doon-an-after-school-support-program/reports/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.958798 | 540 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Cities Should Embrace After-School Learning
Cities Play a Crucial After-School Role
No longer can leaders of American cities be spectators when it comes to ensuring that our children have the education and skills necessary to succeed in school and life. Competition for jobs within the United States, let alone across the world, is at an all-time high.
For our cities to remain beacons of hope, it is our responsibility as municipal leaders to help young people develop the skills and talents they need to find gainful employment and become successful adults in a knowledge-based economy. City leaders must work together with schools, parents, and others to help young people thrive, with a shared understanding that their success will determine the success of our cities.
Maximizing the after-school hours is one important way in which city governments can improve educational outcomes for children and teenagers and reinforce what they learn in the classroom. We know that children spend about 80 percent of their time outside of school. How is that time used?
As mayors and city council members, we have a unique bully pulpit from which to promote the after-school hours as a time of enrichment and learning. In collaboration with other local partners, we can work collectively to provide all young people in our communities with access to high-quality after-school and expanded-learning opportunities.
Over the years, municipal leaders have expressed growing interest in supporting after-school programs, as the National League of Cities Institute for Youth, Education, and Families documented in a 2011 report highlighting our cities and 23 others. Why? Because our charge as mayors and council members is to keep our cities safe, spur economic growth, ensure a high quality of life, and provide opportunity for all of our residents. By engaging young people in positive activities while their parents are at work, after-school and expanded-learning opportunities help city officials confront pressing local challenges, such as crime prevention, truancy, low academic achievement and graduation rates, college and career preparation, civic engagement, hunger, and childhood obesity. Providing resources directly to programs or creating partnerships with other organizations that provide quality after-school experiences for children and youths aligns well with our top priorities.
Many municipalities already provide an array of opportunities to their young people through parks and recreation departments, police athletic leagues, libraries, and museums. Often, however, key local actors work in silos and try to solve challenges on their own rather than take a more integrated and effective approach in cooperation with city agencies, schools, businesses, and faith-based and community-based organizations. As part of a growing trend in the nation's cities, municipal officials are increasingly bringing these institutions around the same table to coordinate after-school programs within one citywide system. By working together, local leaders can improve the quality of programs, target investments toward the young people most in need, offer training to after-school-program providers from different organizations, and increase youth-participation rates.
As mayors and council members, we have made after-school learning a priority in our cities, and we work closely with our school leaders and youth-serving organizations to create, strengthen, and expand after-school learning opportunities. This work is too great for any one of us, but acting in collaboration, we are making important strides on behalf of young people in our communities.
Despite the extreme pressures on municipal budgets in the last several years, many of us have worked hard to realign existing funding, invest new funding, or at least hold the line to protect after-school budgets. For instance, in Nashville, only one new initiative was funded in an otherwise flat budget environment in 2009: resources for the Nashville After Zone Alliance, or NAZA, to coordinate an after-school network serving middle school youths. Since NAZA's inception, participation in after-school programs has nearly doubled for the targeted, high-need population; the program now serves 562 middle school students.
Resources to support after-school programs can come from many different places. Since 2001, the city government in Fort Worth has dedicated more than $1.4 million annually in concert with grants from the state to support 94 after-school initiatives in four school districts by drawing on part of the revenue from a one-half-cent sales tax dedicated to its "crime control and prevention district."
Local officials in Charlotte have also recognized the benefits of after-school programs in preventing juvenile crime and promoting academic success. More than a decade ago, council members and school board leaders made a joint commitment to invest city and school dollars to launch three new after-school programs for middle school students. In the coming year, the city will fund six different providers with a combination of $590,000 in local funds and federal community development block grant dollars.
Finally, the St. Paul mayor's office has played a central role in leading the city's Second Shift Commission, a broad stakeholder group representing the city, the school district, and community-based organizations. The commission's recommendations led to the development of Sprockets, a coordinating entity that now supports the citywide out-of-school-time network of providers, education leaders, city leaders, and other key participants. The network collaborates to share data and works to improve the quality, availability, and effectiveness of after-school programs.
One of the first essential steps that educators and others can take to enhance community supports for learning is to reach out to local elected officials and discuss how after-school programs can help fulfill a shared vision for young people. Mayoral and city council champions can raise awareness of the benefits of the programs, draw attention to key challenges, and identify the roles each partner can play in working toward solutions.
Municipal officials can also help map the distribution of after-school opportunities across their cities. Not only can making this information publicly available help parents gain access to programs, but it can also build political will for after-school investments when local leaders have clear, visual evidence of the lack of accessible programs in certain neighborhoods. Data-driven discussions of these gaps often spark collaborative efforts to reduce barriers to youth participation, ensure programs are of high quality, and evaluate the impact of after-school opportunities on student outcomes.
When young people are engaged in positive activities, our cities clearly benefit. Supporting after-school programming is a central part of our policies for economic development, neighborhood development, and crime prevention. Our job as municipal officials is to connect those dots.
Yet we must move forward with an awareness that no entity—be it a city, school district, or nonprofit—can go it alone in its efforts to expand high-quality after-school opportunities. By working across sectors to build coordinated, citywide after-school systems, we can provide every child in our communities with a chance to thrive.
Vol. 32, Issue 29, Pages 25,28 | <urn:uuid:6ca71140-c2b7-40c3-b186-00f585e8da26> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2013/04/24/29coleman.h32.html?tkn=XWQFT4GDBZB8u5u508NdVtsTVBmiC53vWr2Z&cmp=clp-edweek | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00056-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960271 | 1,388 | 3.03125 | 3 |
The local production of drugs is fed by the national preferences that have been established in the public procurement. The institutional market, which by 2015 had planned to spend 500 million for two years and has already disbursed _ _ another biannual 450 million for drug procurement, has helped to leverage the investment in laboratories.
During the 2000-2013 period public health spending has grown at an annual rate of 5.8%. The investment of the local pharmaceutical industry was carried out as follows a 57% for the purchase of machinery and equipment, a 32% for the improvement of infrastructure and an 8% for research and development.
That makes, according to the study of the pharmaceutical industry prepared by the Espae-Espol, laboratories able to respond to the increasing demand due to the population aging and growth, and the public health coverage (76% of medicines are sold under prescription), through the production of generics. The release of patents is an opportunity for an industry dedicated to this type of medication that, with a standardized regulatory policy, can also be opened to other markets. | <urn:uuid:e685ae4f-e212-4fc7-8c0f-bebf34a3c9af> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ecuadortimes.net/2016/01/18/the-local-pharmaceutical-industry-is-lagging-behind/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00220-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962877 | 216 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Much has changed since the financial crises ended in June 2009. The table below juxtaposes ten important economic indicators. Each gauge brings its insights; collectively the list provides a snapshot of the overall economy. A significant gap exists between those who embrace the prospects of today’s economy and those that see dire straights. As American citizens, each of us is free to make up our own minds unencumbered by noise from others. As a professional money manager, my job is to put in the required hours and rigor necessary to distill logical assumptions from historical factual data. | <urn:uuid:86dfcdc8-5c68-4be3-9d1f-f5f3c292b075> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beta.1db.com/blog/economy-at-a-glance-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948966 | 115 | 1.773438 | 2 |
I have just started to use this for my media Year 10 students.
WordPress is an elegant solution for education professionals looking to create a website for their class, and today we’re excited to announce the launch of WordPress.com Classrooms. Whether you need a group blog for your high school history project, or to keep your 3rd grade students’ parents up to date about the next field trip, you’ll find the solution here at WordPress.com.
Get up and running — fast
We know you’re busy educating the world’s young minds, so we’ve made the site creation process as easy as 1-2-3: Register your site, customize your theme, and start posting — that’s it! No more excuses about how the dog ate your
Connect and collaborate
We’re all about engaging discussion. Invite students to post their thoughts on your latest lecture and submit their reaction papers as comments. Or maybe you just need a place to get the word out about class happenings — turn off…
View original post 289 more words | <urn:uuid:6a9f79ed-5cb8-4c50-bfd6-6fee7a10c969> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://mrsinghs.wordpress.com/2013/02/20/15/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00008-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935967 | 227 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Programming in Scala, Third Edition
A comprehensive step-by-step guide
by Martin Odersky, Lex Spoon, and Bill Venners
This book is the authoritative tutorial on the Scala programming language, co-written by the language's designer, Martin Odersky. This third edition has been updated to cover new features up to and including Scala version 2.12, such as:
Buy It Now
If you purchase the eBook, you will be entitled to receive periodic updates as errata are fixed, for no additional charge. If you purchase a paper book, it will be shipped as soon as it comes into stock (which should take place the first week of May, 2016).
About the book
Table of contents
What Readers are Saying ii
About the authors
The first edition of Programming in Scala won the 2009 Jolt Productivity Award in the Technical Books category.
Praise for the earlier editions
Programming in Scala is clearly written, thorough, and easy to follow. It has great examples and useful tips throughout. It has enabled our organization to ramp up on the Scala language quickly and efficiently. This book is great for any programmer who is trying to wrap their head around the flexibility and elegance of the Scala language.
- Larry Morroni, Owner, Morroni Technologies, Inc.
The Programming in Scala book serves as an excellant tutorial to the Scala language. Working through the book, it flows well with each chapter building on concepts and examples described in earlier ones. The book takes care to explain the language constructs in depth, often providing examples of how the language differs from Java. As well as the main language, there is also some coverage of libraries such as containers and actors.I have found the book really easy to work through, and it is probably one of the better written technical books I have read recently. I really would recommend this book to any programmer wanting to find out more about the Scala language.
- Matthew Todd
I am amazed by the effort undertaken by the authors of Programming in Scala. This book is an invaluable guide to what I like to call Scala the Platform: a vehicle to better coding, a constant inspiration for scalable software design and implementation. If only I had Scala in its present mature state and this book on my desk back in 2003, when co-designing and implementing parts of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games Portal infrastructure!
To all readers: No matter what your programming background is, I feel you will find programming in Scala liberating and this book will be a loyal friend in the journey.
- Christos KK Loverdos, Software Consultant, Researcher
Programming in Scala is a superb in-depth introduction to Scala, and it's also an excellent reference. I'd say that it occupies a prominent place on my bookshelf, except that I'm still carrying it around with me nearly everywhere I go.
- Brian Clapper, President, ArdenTex, Inc.
I bought an early electronic version of the Programming in Scala book, by Odersky, Spoon, and Venners, and I was immediately a fan. In addition to the fact that it contains the most comprehensive information about the language, there are a few key features of the electronic format that impressed me. I have never seen links used as well in a PDF, not just for bookmarks, but also providing active links from the table of contents and index. I don't know why more authors don't use this feature, because it's really a joy for the reader. Another feature which I was impressed with was links to the forums ("Discuss") and a way to send comments ("Suggest") to the authors via email. The comments feature by itself isn't all that uncommon, but the simple inclusion of a page number in what is generated to send to the authors is valuable for both the authors and readers. I contributed more comments than I would have if the process would have been more arduous.
Read Programming in Scala for the content, but if you're reading the electronic version, definitely take advantage of the digital features that the authors took the care to build in!
- Dianne Marsh, Founder/Software Consultant, SRT Solutions
Great book, well written with thoughtful examples. I would recommend it to both seasoned programmers and newbies.
- Howard Lovatt
The book Programming in Scala is not only about ‘How?,’ but more importantly about ‘Why?’ to develop programs in this new programming language. The book’s pragmatic approach in introducing the power of combining object-oriented and functional programming leaves the reader without any doubts as to what Scala really is.
- Dr. Ervin Varga, CEO/founder, EXPRO I.T. Consulting
This is a great introduction to functional programming for OO programmers. Learning about FP was my main goal, but I also got acquainted with some nice Scala surprises like case classes and pattern matching. Scala is an intriguing language and this book covers it well.
There's always a fine line to walk in a language introduction book between giving too much or not enough information. I find Programming in Scala to achieve a perfect balance.
- Jeff Heon, Programmer Analyst
Lucidity and technical completeness are hallmarks of any well-written book, and I congratulate Martin Odersky, Lex Spoon, and Bill Venners on a job indeed very well done! The Programming in Scala book starts by setting a strong foundation with the basic concepts and ramps up the user to an intermediate level & beyond. This book is certainly a must buy for anyone aspiring to learn Scala.
- Jagan Nambi, Enterprise Architecture, GMAC Financial Services
The book Programming in Scala outright oozes the huge amount of hard work that has gone into it. I've never read a tutorial-style book before that accomplishes to be introductory yet comprehensive: in their (misguided) attempt to be approachable and not "confuse" the reader, most tutorials silently ignore aspects of a subject that are too advanced for the current discussion. This leaves a very bad taste, as one can never be sure as to the understanding one has achieved. There is always some residual "magic" that hasn't been explained and cannot be judged at all by the reader. This book never does that, it never takes anything for granted: every detail is either sufficiently explained or a reference to a later explanation is given. Indeed, the text is extensively cross-referenced and indexed, so that forming a complete picture of a complex topic is relatively easy.
- Gerald Loeffler, Enterprise Java Architect
Programming in Scala is a pleasure to read. This is one of those well-written technical books that provide deep and comprehensive coverage of the subject in exceptionally concise and elegant manner.
The book organized in a very natural and logical way. It is equally well suited for a curious technologist who just wants to stay on top of the current trends and a professional seeking deep understanding of the language core features and its design rationales. I highly recommend it to all interested in functional programming in general. For the Scala developers, this book is unconditionally a must-read.
- Igor Khlystov, Software Architect/Lead Programmer, Greystone Inc.
Programming in Scala is probably one of the best programming books I've ever read. I like the writing style, the brevity, and the thorough explanations. The book seems to be answer every question as it enters my mind&emdash;it's always one step ahead of me. The authors don't just give you some code and take things for granted. They give you the meat so you really understand what's going on. I really like that.
- Ken Egervari, Chief Software Architect
Programming in Scala by Martin Odersky, Lex Spoon, and Bill Venners: in times where good programming books are rare, this excellent introduction for intermediate programmers really stands out. You’ll find everything here you need to learn this promising language.
- Christian Neukirchen
Copyright © 2017 Artima, Inc. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:70b8f6f6-e33d-403f-9569-97623566f772> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.artima.com/shop/programming_in_scala_3ed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00366-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952934 | 1,658 | 2.296875 | 2 |
(2 of 5)
A labor movement was born. Tom Dreesen, who had been in the Teamsters Union when he worked on the loading docks in Chicago, became the comedians' chief organizer and spokesman. A former G.I. who was a few years older than most of the youngsters at the Comedy Store, Dreesen had little affection for the college kids who had protested the Vietnam War, but he provided an articulate voice for their working stiffs' complaints. He tried to appeal to Mitzi's sense of fair play. "I told Mitzi, you pay the waiters, you pay the waitresses, you pay the guy who cleans the toilets. Why don't you at least pay the comedians?" Many of the struggling kids who were helping her clubs thrive, he argued, couldn't even afford to buy groceries. On New Year's Eve he had run into one of them, on a high after finishing a set at the Westwood Comedy Store. "He said, it was fantastic, I killed 'em, had the best show I ever had. And then he said, 'Tom, can you loan me five dollars for breakfast?' I told Mitzi that story and she said, 'Well, he should get a goddamn job.' I said, 'Mitzi, he has a job. He worked for you on New Year's Eve.' "
The comics formed a quasi-union, the Comedians for Compensation, and held meetings. The first one was mass chaos, says Dreesen, "Everybody's talking at the same time. Gallagher's yelling, 'Why don't we burn the fucking place down!' It was insanity." David Letterman was there, along with his good friend George Miller, who was particularly outraged because his mother used to work as a bookkeeper for Mitzi Shore and thus knew how much money she was socking away. Leno came too, though Letterman thought he made something of a spectacle of himself. "Jay, bless his heart, couldn't sit still," he says. "He was behaving like a hyperactive child. Jumping up and down, being funny and distracting, to the point where everybody sort of thought, well, maybe we shouldn't tell Jay about the next meeting." Dreesen eventually took over the meetings, running them according to the Robert's Rules of Order he had learned when he used to chair meetings of the Jaycees.
Mitzi was willing to relent on the comedians' most reasonable demand, the one that had sparked the whole uprising, agreeing to pay the comics who performed in the Main Room one half of the cover charges. But while that was fine for the top tier of comics big enough to play the Main Room, it meant the vast majority of lesser names would still be working for nothing in the Original Room. So the comics turned it down and dug in for a fight.
Dreesen went back to Mitzi and tried to negotiate a plan for paying all the comics, not just the Main Room elite. He suggested what he thought would be a painless solution: simply add $1 to the $4.50 cover Mitzi was charging at the time, and split that extra dollar among the comedians. If a couple hundred people were in the club on a given night, that meant $200 split among the comics; it wasn't much, but it was a start, and even those few bucks could mean a lot. But Mitzi turned him down flat. "She said no, they don't deserve to be paid," Dreesen recalls. "I knew then that we were in trouble. I thought it was about money. It was about control."
In late March of 1979, with the talks at an impasse, the comedians went on strike. A picket line was assembled in front of the Comedy Store on Sunset Boulevard, the strikers carrying placards with slogans like no money, no funny and the yuk stops here. The spectacle of stand-up comedians, many of them well known from television, recasting themselves as extras in F.I.S.T., was an irresistible national story. Johnny Carson made jokes about it on The Tonight Show. Some of the more established comics were scornful ("This strike is the biggest joke I've ever heard come out of the Comedy Store," quipped David Brenner). But among the younger comedians it was a serious matter, and the vast majority of the 150 or so who worked at the Comedy Store walked off the job. Some of them had careers outside the club and didn't need the money, but supported the strike nevertheless. In the midst of the walkout, Letterman filled in for Johnny Carson as guest host of The Tonight Show. Immediately after finishing the show he drove to the Comedy Store and joined the picket line. "This was the umbilical cord for a lot of guys, myself included," says Letterman. "Money wasn't necessarily an issue for me, because I had a couple of bucks in the bank. But for these other guys, this was it. This was sustenance." Richard Lewis, who had moved on to concerts and television, wouldn't join the picket line but thought the cause was just. "I didn't want to picket, because I didn't want to say to the owners of the clubs, 'I need your twenty bucks.' To me, it trivialized my goal," says Lewis. "But once I saw the bigger picture, that people were making no money, I said, this is bullshit. I was totally pro-strike." | <urn:uuid:6f881f75-f6f2-4fc3-b589-66355cacb1d7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://content.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1708394-2,00.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721008.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00116-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990606 | 1,138 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Gibbous ♊ Gemini
Previous main lunar phase is the Full Moon before 4 days on 12 October 2011 at 02:06.
Moon rises in the evening and sets in the morning. It is visible to the southwest and it is high in the sky after midnight.
Moon is passing about ∠11° of ♊ Gemini tropical zodiac sector.
Lunar disc appears visually 6.7% narrower than solar disc. Moon and Sun apparent angular diameters are ∠1801" and ∠1925".
Next Full Moon is the Beaver Moon of November 2011 after 25 days on 10 November 2011 at 20:16.
There is low ocean tide on this date. Sun and Moon gravitational forces are not aligned, but meet at big angle, so their combined tidal force is weak.
The Moon is 18 days old. Earth's natural satellite is moving from the middle to the last part of current synodic month. This is lunation 145 of Meeus index or 1098 from Brown series.
The length of the lunation is 29 days, 8 hours and 47 minutes. It is 1 hour and 27 minutes shorter than the next lunation's length. The lengths of the following synodic months are going to increasing with the true anomaly getting closer to the value it has at the point of New Moon at apogee (∠180°).
The length of the current synodic month is 3 hours and 57 minutes shorter than the mean synodic month length. It is 2 hours and 12 minutes longer compared to 21st century's shortest synodic month length.
At the beginning of the lunation cycle the true anomaly is ∠350.1°. At the beginning of next synodic month the true anomaly is going to be ∠5.3°.
4 days after point of apogee on 12 October 2011 at 11:43 in ♈ Aries. The lunar orbit is getting narrow, while the Moon is moving towards the Earth. It will keep this direction over the next 10 days, until the Moon reaches the point of next perigee on 26 October 2011 at 12:26 in ♎ Libra.
The Moon is 398 045 km (247 334 mi) away from Earth and getting closer over the next 10 days until the point perigee when Earth-Moon distance is going to be 357 051 km (221 861 mi).
Moon is in descending node in ♊ Gemini at 21:01 crossing the ecliptic from North to South to meet ascending node 13 days later on 29 October 2011 at 14:59 in ♐ Sagittarius.
14 days since the beginning of current draconic month in ♐ Sagittarius, the Moon is navigating from the second to the final part of the cycle.
14 days since the previous standstill on 2 October 2011 at 11:38 in ♐ Sagittarius when the Moon has reached South declination of ∠-22.791°, the lunar orbit is extending northward over the next day to face maximum declination of ∠22.665° at the point of next northern standstill on 17 October 2011 at 02:06 in ♊ Gemini.
In 10 days on 26 October 2011 at 19:56 in ♎ Libra the Moon is going to be in a New Moon geocentric conjunction with the Sun and thus forming the next Sun-Moon-Earth syzygy alignment. | <urn:uuid:759fce2a-41df-4576-ba3a-fe23751ec751> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lunaf.com/lunar-calendar/2011/10/16/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.915152 | 727 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Regular concrete absorbs water and anything dissolved in it. With Hycrete's solutions, regular concrete becomes hydrophobic concrete, keeping water out and reducing moisture vapor transfer. And protective barriers are formed around rebar, resulting in highly effective concrete corrosion inhibition.
With our world-class field service, waterproof concrete becomes waterproof construction, membrane-free. Finally, all of our sustainable concrete admixtures are Cradle to CradleCM Certified Gold, the highest standard for positive environmental impact in building materials. The result is green concrete, with enhanced concrete durability.
Structures involving Hycrete sustainable concrete waterproofing and corrosion inhibitor solutions:
- Cost less
- Go up faster
- Have lower risk
- Are more durable with lower life-cycle cost
- Have lower environmental impact.
(866) Hycrete or (866) 492-7383 | <urn:uuid:722e1bd8-66b5-4a6c-b6b8-4254df52b3f3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.hycrete.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00519-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898221 | 172 | 1.726563 | 2 |
ALS Scandinavia’s custom built laboratory in Luleå, Sweden, is dedicated to elemental impurites testing and our personnel have decades of experience working with high resolution ICP-MS technique. Operating the most sensitive analytical technique available, we are able to offer analysis of elemental impurities well under established PDE (permitted daily exposure). Method development, validation and analysis at 15-20 % of PDE is routinely performed at the laboratory. Measurements under established PDEs is often requested in the risk assessment stages.
As one of the first commercial laboratories in the world, we invested in our first ICP-SFMS (high resolution ICP-MS) in 1996. The ALS laboratory currently holds:
- 14 high resolution ICP-MS instruments (inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry)
- 3 ICP-OES instruments (inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectroscopy)
- GMP certificate
- GLP statement of compliance allowing ALS to be part of non-clinical studies
- Ispected by the FDA (reference FEI 3007165135)
- More than 200 client specific method validations completed for the pharmaceutical industry
The trace-metal lab
All analyses are performed in a clean room environment with controlled air and temperature. Not only does this allow us to report high-quality results at very low concentrations - it also ensures a solid backup capacity that enables us to deliver results on time. Having worked with ICP techniques for about 30 years, ALS is a reliable partner with the necessary experience and knowledge of metal testing. No sample types are to challenging; our laboratory can handle toxic and potent samples and dissolve almost any matrix imaginable. State-of-the-art instrumentation in combination with clean room environment assures that ALS can reach LOQs far below traditional ICP-laboratories.
For analysis of elemental impurities at low concentrations, ALS Scandinavia uses high resolution ICP-MS. | <urn:uuid:b38260f6-d949-4948-b7be-c97f8af0ed0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alsglobal.se/en/pharmaceutical/pharma/elemental-impurities/the-laboratory | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.908042 | 401 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Although the use of essential oils to help physical, mental and emotional problems has been thoroughly investigated and described over the past few decades, this is the first book devoted solely to their use on a subtle or spiritual level.
Written by the author of the best-selling aromatherapy book of all time, Aromatherapy An A-Z, it examines the applications of aromatherapy in personal and spiritual growth, meditation and healing.
Topics covered include Vibrational Healing, The Role of the Healer, Methods of Use, Chakra Energy, Essential Oils and Crystals, Meditation etc., etc., with detailed notes on the subtle properties of the individual oils.
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 256 pages, illustrated, bibliography, index
- Publisher: Ebury Publishing
- Publication Date: 08/11/1991
- Category: Thought & practice
- ISBN: 9780852072271 | <urn:uuid:bd8cc16f-604c-4f9c-b4cb-7300a9822efe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.speedyhen.com/Product/Patricia-Davis/Subtle-Aromatherapy/2509161 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00337-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.868371 | 188 | 1.5625 | 2 |
The Russian authorities’ failure to investigate the poisoning of opposition leader Aleksei Navalny will be a blatant violation of his right to life, said Amnesty International, reacting to the finding by German authorities that Navalny was poisoned with a nerve agent from the Novichok family. Marie Struthers, Amnesty International’s Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, said:
“The Russian authorities must immediately open an investigation into the apparent use of a banned chemical weapon to poison an opposition leader. Failure to do so will heighten suspicions that top-level Russian officials were involved in this crime or its cover-up.
“The Russian authorities deny involvement in the attempted murder of Navalny, a prominent government critic, but have so far failed to address the implications of the finding that he was poisoned with a chemical weapon. In 2017, Russian authorities stated that they had destroyed their entire chemical weapons stockpile. If this is true, one must question whether the Russian government has lost control to the extent that chemical weapons can be freely produced and distributed on its own soil.
In 2017, Russian authorities stated that they had destroyed their entire chemical weapons stockpile. If this is true, one must question whether the Russian government has lost control to the extent that chemical weapons can be freely produced and distributed on its own soilMarie Struthers, Amnesty International’s Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia
“The only other conclusion to be drawn is that Russian authorities have misled the international community and do in fact still possess chemical weapons – and use them to eliminate political rivals. Both of these prospects are appalling, and the Kremlin must provide answers. The world must know the truth about this brazen attempt on the life of a Russian opposition leader.”
On 2 September, the German government announced that tests carried out by a German military laboratory showed that Russian opposition leader Aleksei Navalny has been poisoned with a Novichok-class nerve agent. On 22 August he was transported to the Charité Hospital in Berlin, at the insistence of his family.
Aleksei Navalny collapsed while flying from Tomsk (Siberia) to Moscow on 20 August. He has been in a coma and unconscious since that date. When he was treated in Russia doctors claimed that there were no traces of poison in his body, a claim that Russian authorities continue to endorse. | <urn:uuid:e2497bf8-2967-469b-9238-bbe812f25ba7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2020/09/russia-kremlin-must-explain-the-use-of-nerve-agent-to-poison-aleksei-navalny/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.966578 | 481 | 1.773438 | 2 |
In a charming building in the middle of the Pijp you’ll find Sabor de Maria, which in Portuguese translates to The taste of Maria. This is where Maria Luiza Dourado, originally from Brazil, has been cooking delicious dishes from Brazilian cuisine for the past sixteen years. That long ago, she picked up the baton from another Maria, who began the store in 1997. The history of the store therefore revolves around the taste of the two Marias.
Maria, who has worked as a cook all her life, prepares here the tastiest Brazilian dishes. Maria describes Sabor de Maria as a real neighborhood store, where local residents come to get good, healthy and affordable food.
What kind of treats are on the menu during WCA? A little sneak peek:
- Feijoada, a well-known Brazilian dish with a special story. Feijoada originated during the time when Brazil was still a colony of Portugal. From plantation owners, enslaved people received the parts of a pig they themselves did not want to eat, such as the skin, tail, and ears. Together with black beans and various vegetables, they created a delicious dish, which has become one of the most typical dishes from Brazil.
- Moqueca de peixe: a fish stew with coriander, tomato and for vegetarians, various vegetables from the oven. It’s a traditional Brazilian dish that was eaten by the Indigenous people centuries ago.
Besides being owner and chef, Maria is also a real film lover and looks forward to her collaboration with World Cinema Amsterdam. She often finds inspiration in the kitchen by the films that she watches. For her, cooking is a process of making – a primal feeling that is rooted in love. She experiences the same feelings when she is touched by a film. Love and attention are the basis of films, but for a cook in the kitchen. | <urn:uuid:a6211ac6-8ca5-48da-9ff0-fb47243224c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://worldcinemaamsterdam.nl/en/news/193/feast-on-brazilian-style-food-with-wca-caterer-sabor-de-maria | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.973824 | 388 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The choice of the emitting material for the photocathode in the photoinjector is driven by many boundary conditions and goals. During this workshop we want to discuss these goals, boundary conditions and the various options for present and new emitting materials. Furthermore we want to shed light on instrumental techniques for the preparation, treatment and characterization of the emitting materials. The Helmholtz Initiative for Accelerator Research & Development (ARD) was established to strengthen development in accelerator physics and technology and to ensure international competitiveness. In this framework, accelerator scientists push the limits of today’s technology in a research network of six Helmholtz centers (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg and Zeuthen, Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), Helmholtz Zentrum for Heavy Ion Research GSI in Darmstadt, Karlsruhe Insitute for Technology (KIT), and Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy (HZB) ), two Helmholtz institutes, eleven universities, two Max-Planck institutes, and the Max-Born institute. | <urn:uuid:2ec68afd-9a56-4546-9e91-a620d4b786e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indico.desy.de/event/13497/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.809163 | 253 | 1.875 | 2 |
The Sun & Your Eyes
The easiest, and possibly most effective way to take care of your eyes is by protecting them from the ultra violet rays from the sun.
Ultra violet rays (UVA/UVB) can damage your eyes over time and can cause cataracts. In order to protect your eyes from these rays, simply wear sunglasses that block UVA/UVB rays when the sun is bright!
Hats with a wide brim are another way to help protect your eyes. Some light reaches your eyes around the sunglasses, and the hat blocks most of those.
Contacts can also have UV protection. But be careful, not all sunglasses provide UVA/UVB protection, so be sure to check the label to make sure the sunglasses you are buying will protect your eyes. | <urn:uuid:74391b37-91fe-4bea-8922-5947d8d8ac9f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pamf.org/teen/health/eyes_vision/eye_safety/sun_eyes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917761 | 161 | 2.59375 | 3 |
|Towards a Common Advocacy Agenda
Statement made at the Second WABA Global Forum in Arusha, Tanzania,
23-27 September 2002, based on the four workshops on
Theme 7 - Outreach to Women's Groups.
Breastfeeding is a basic human right and it is agreed that the protection of women's right to breastfeed is a shared position of the women's movement and breastfeeding movement. Women can fully exercise this right only where there exists a gender equal social and political environment, whereby women's contribution to productive and reproductive work, including nurturing, is recognised, and where all forms of breastfeeding support can be made available. Gender equity is therefore basic to the breastfeeding movement.
The breastfeeding movement also recognises:
That breastfeeding support requires changes in all social environments and policies.
That social transformation needs to take place at all levels to bring about gender equality.
Women's right to life and survival.
Women's right to choose free of commercial, medical and political pressure.
Women's right to food, irrespective of race, class, caste, religion, region and age.
Women's groups and breastfeeding groups have decided to put on their advocacy agenda the following demands:
To recognise the common concern of the adverse effect of globalisation and privatisation on health care services, and the increasing feminisation of poverty.
Women's right to accessible, affordable, comprehensive, high quality and gender - sensitive women's health services.
Women's right to breastfeeding based on informed choices, free of commercial, medical and political pressure.
Social recognition and value of women's work at home as caregivers and nurturers.
Implementation of maternity protection for women at paid work in the formal and informal sectors.
Women's right to food, adequate nutrition, rest, safe water and shelter. | <urn:uuid:539a4e83-073e-4c58-98bf-c385bc4e324f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.waba.org.my/whatwedo/gender/index.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00057-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926101 | 366 | 2.5 | 2 |
FDA issues new warning about xylitol poisoning in dogs, ferrets
Xylitol is described as a sugar alcohol used in many products, including sugar-free baked goods, candy, oral hygiene products and chewing gum.
"FDA is aware of complaints involving dogs that experienced illness associated with the accidental consumption of xylitol," the agency says.
While the ingredient is safe for people, it can be harmful to dogs and ferrets.
Clinical signs associated with xylitol poisoning include hypoglycemia, seizures and liver failure. Other signs include depression, loss of coordination and vomiting. The signs of illness may occur within minutes to days of ingesting xylitol, FDA reports. Pet owners were advised to consult their veterinarian or pet poison control center immediately if they suspect xylitol poisoning. | <urn:uuid:7a01be88-81aa-491f-ae66-f03cfb94bd89> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/fda-issues-new-warning-about-xylitol-poisoning-dogs-ferrets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00404-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951681 | 166 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Recently I have had the need to learn about different processors in computing devices. Most of the analysis has been of ARM processors, which were originally developed by Motorola for cell phones and now power smart phones, tablets and a few laptops. ARM chips are a lower cost alternative to INTEL with historically lower energy consumption.
In learning about ARM processors I have had to understand their architecture, the different processor speeds, the multiple versions of ARM and the new manufacturing techniques being used. One can really learn a lot reading manufacturer specifications. In the course of this investigation I even came across a techy who was working on a whole new processor design to reflect that much of computing power is now really web-based and processor functionality could be reduced with coincident cost savings. Very interesting idea as one ponders how to reduce the cost of computing devices. After the screen, the processor is the next most expensive component (although in some tablets the battery can match the screen cost).
My preliminary conclusion is that the next battle ground in tablets will be at the processor level, as manufacturers look to offset increased screen cost with price/performance improvements in processors. Also, except for screen improvements, processors may be the only way to differentiate tablet hardware, This conclusion may very well be true for other computing devices.
Interesting to me that Apple is the only computer manufacturer that does its own chip design. The importance of chip design to Apple is shown in this story which shows that all chip design for all devices at Apple is for the first time under one executive. Designing your own chips enhances the integration and performance with the other components in a device and perhaps enhances a uniform user experience across multiple devices. This story from Bloomberg suggests Apple may switch from Intel chips to the same chips in the iPad and iPhone for its other computers as early as 2017 to achieve a more uniform user experience. | <urn:uuid:00ee8bbe-1434-4a7e-8b15-4602709f227d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sophisticatedfinance.typepad.com/sophisticated_finance/2012/11/chip-design.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968707 | 372 | 2.796875 | 3 |
A PROMINENT Island educationalist and cricket coach, John Hilsum, has died.
Mr Hilsum grew up in a small village in rural Hampshire, Kilmeston, with his parents, Dorothy and Len, and his sister, Anne.
He began his sporting career playing football for Cheriton and represented several cricket teams in the Hampshire area, including Petersfield.
It was during this time he met his wife, Margaret, in Southampton. They married in 1966.
Mr Hilsum had many jobs as a young man, including a goldsmith and woodwork furniture maker.
However, he had always planned to go into teaching and he attended teaching training college in Winchester. Subsequently he furthered his education in Leicester, where he got a BA in education.
He then studied for an MA in education at Keele and while in Leicester, he continued to hone his cricketing skills with Hinckley.
He moved to the Island in 1972, to take up a role at the Island teachers’ centre and also worked at Ventnor Middle School as a design and technology teacher.
He ran the teachers’ centre in Newport for many years and went on to work in developing areas, such as Africa and the Caribbean, for the department for international development and the British Council.
He also committed a huge amount of time to his family — his two sons, Richard and Ian, and his daughter, Claire.
He served as a governor and then the chair of governors at St Catherine’s School, Ventnor, for many years.
Mr Hilsum was heavily involved with his local Rotary club, becoming president in 2008 and was subsequently inducted into the Paul Harris Fellowship.
Mr Hilsum was a successful cricket coach, which he loved even more than playing.
He quickly rose up the ranks and became a national staff coach. He helped set up the IW coaches’ association and helped train many generations of Island coaches.
He Joined Ventnor Cricket Club in 1972, and his playing highlights included scoring 1,000 runs in a season three times.
When he retired from playing, he focused on off-field matters for the club and served as chairman for many years.
He led the club into the Hampshire League in 1993, enabling the club to rise through the many divisions to eventually reach the Southern League Gold Division in 2010.
He was a driving force behind a new £1.1 million pavilion and coaching centre at Steephill, which opened in 2003.
This year, Mr Hilsum was awarded the British Empire Medal for services to cricket and the community. | <urn:uuid:f0bfea08-6641-40de-b15f-e5b163bd78b1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.iwcp.co.uk/news/obituaries/john-hilsum-96054.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00335-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.991211 | 537 | 1.53125 | 2 |
William Johnson (johnsca01)
From BR Bullpen
William Penn Johnson
- Bats Unknown, Throws Unknown
- Height 5' 6", Weight Unknown
- Debut May 24, 1871
- Final Game September 12, 1871
- Born June 1, 1848 in Parma, OH USA
- Died September 25, 1909 in Albuquerque, NM USA
Biographical Information
William Johnson was long misidentified as "Caleb Johnson".
A player named "Johnson" played 13 games for the Cleveland Forest Citys in 1871. He played both infield and outfield as a backup, appearing in somewhat more than half the Cleveland games. Traditionally, that playing record was attributed to Caleb Johnson, born in 1844, who would have been the oldest player on the team. Caleb Johnson, who later became a lawyer, was in fact a ballplayer right after the Civil War, but there is little other evidence that connects him to the Forest Citys. After digging into the available record, researcher Peter Morris became convinced that "Johnson" had been misidentified.
A more likely candidate to be the mystery player is W.P. Johnson, who first played for the Forest Citys when they were still an amateur team back in 1868. Described as a banker, he was normally a second baseman but not a regular member of the club; instead, he was used in certain games when players were required. When the team became fully professional in 1870, Gene Kimball became the regular second baseman, but Johnson continued to hang around and was apparently still there when the team joined the National Association in 1871. All game accounts from those years imply that Johnson was a local boy, a further mark against Caleb Johnson, who was from Illinois and would normally have received mention as an "import", had he been the ballplayer in question.
During that initial National Association season, Johnson was not a member of the regular starting nine, but took over in right field for Elmer White when he missed three home games in late May. When the team went on a road trip on the East Coast in July, White suffered an injury and was replaced by George Ewell, who was likely recruited on the road for the occasion. But Johnson must have received a call from team management, as he showed up to play right field for three games, then switched positions with Kimball, taking over his more familiar second base position. He then returned to the bench when White came back from his injury, playing only one final game in September, after shortstop John Bass was released. The Forest Citys then picked up Joe Quest, who completed the season as the team's second baseman. All of those moves are consistent with Johnson being a player familiar to the club, but not one of its regular members, i.e. someone who can be called to help out in a pinch but not seen as a potential starter for the longer term. It should also be noted that while this was going on, Caleb Johnson was married in Illinois on August 15th, another event that suggests he wasn't filling in for a ball team in Cleveland at the time.
Given his work in banking, W.P. Johnson was identified from city directories as William Penn Johnson, born in 1848 in Parma, OH. Indeed, his obituary, published after his death in 1909 mentions that he was a ballplayer for Cleveland in his younger days.
As a side note, when the playing record was listed under the name "Caleb Johnson" for over 125 years, he was the only major leaguer with the first name Caleb. Caleb Thielbar became the next bearer of that name to play in the majors, in 2013, and given what is now known, was in fact the first major leaguer with that name.
Further Reading
- "William Johnson Found", in Bill Carle, ed.: "Biographical Research Committee Report", SABR, March/April, 2015, pp. 1-3. | <urn:uuid:9f1ed62e-0165-4f9a-9817-f1473704c806> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Caleb_Johnson | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00436-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990289 | 813 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Toronto woman hopes her travelling medical clinic will save lives in Haiti
Keteline Pierre's Jericho Mobile Clinic brings healthcare to Haiti's most rural areas
When Keteline Pierre heard that Hurricane Matthew was heading for Haiti, she braced for impact.
"No, no, no, not again," Pierre said to herself, the devastation of the 2010 earthquake that left a staggering 230,000 dead, still fresh in her mind. "Mother nature, Haitians cannot take anymore."
Pierre was in Haiti after the earthquake. It's what inspired the Toronto woman to found Jericho Mobile Clinic, a team of some 17 travelling Haitian doctors and healthcare workers that's spent the last six years working in the country's most rural communities to make medical care accessible to families far away from the capital.
Now, six years after the 7.0 magnitude earthquake, she's once again appealing to her fellow Canadians to help.
"When you travel in Haiti you realize far away in the villages, the soil is fertile." Pierre told CBC News. "When the villages become strong then of course the capital will be strong."
- Haiti fatalities from Hurricane Matthew climb to nearly 900
- Devastation: Haiti faces Hurricane Matthew's aftermath
- Montreal family awaits news from Haiti in wake of Hurricane Matthew
In the aftermath of the hurricane, doctors on the ground have been sending her play-by-play accounts of the devastation left behind.
'There is nothing left'
"In one case I saw a man crying lifting his hands because his mango trees, all of them were on the ground. He was trying to show his son everything is gone. There is nothing left."
But for the billions of dollars that went into rebuilding Haiti after the ground shook, Pierre says the country doesn't have much to show for it. And with the hurricane's fatalities near 900 already, she worries about the lasting toll left behind in Matthew's wake.
"Why don't I see good hospitals? Why don't I see good schools? Why don't I see all the roads done?" says Pierre, skeptical about whether the $222 million raised by Canadians after the earthquake were put to the best use.
Her comments echo a damning 2015 report on the American Red Cross's efforts in Haiti that raised questions about why vibrant new communities planned after the earthquake hadn't yet materialized.
'Give to an organization you trust'
The Canadian government has allocated $3 million to the Caribbean country in initial humanitarian funding for Haiti and other countries affected by the hurricane. It's also sent an assessment team to determine what else Haiti might need and is directly contributing to non-governmental organizations like the Red Cross and others.
Spokesperson Myrian Marotte says the Canadian Red Cross encourages transparency.
"We always say that before giving to any organization, ask questions. Give to an organization you trust."
Pierre hopes hers will be one of them.
Impact less obvious but no less devastating
It's photos like those her team are sending her that Pierre says show that while the havoc wrought by Matthew may not have been as obvious as the earthquake in 2010, it is no less devastating for Haitians.
"At least before they had mangoes, they had avocados, they had coconuts. What do they have now?"
Among her biggest fears now, that generations of Haitian families will have been uprooted with the fruit trees. Still, she remains hopeful.
"The people, they want to work," said Pierre. "All they want is to cultivate, and that is beautiful." | <urn:uuid:f67b0866-1210-4901-ad3b-659559662a4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/hurricane-matthew-haiti-toronto-jericho-mobile-clinic-1.3797964 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.969743 | 722 | 2.015625 | 2 |
This was from a while ago (before the panel). Here’s the link on the Argus with comments.
Islamophobia has recently become a prominent presence in the United States. Articles and forums with titles like CNN’s “Holy War: Should Americans Fear Islam?” (ABC, October 3) demonstrate the problems inherent in such fears. To deplore the beliefs and actions of some 1.6 billion practicing Muslims of the world is a dauntingly large undertaking and, frankly, quite an unreasonable one. Fear of Islam at large assumes a monolithic Muslim people and culture, but religions, and especially those that are so complex and pervasive as Islam, are anything but homogeneous. Along with Islam, Judaism and Christianity—Islam’s companions as religions of the book—both encompass a vast range of denominations, each with its own distinct set of practices and interpretations of the sacred texts. Thus, it is no more accurate to assert that all Muslims are the same than it is to assume homogeneity among Christians and Jews.
The anti-Muslim discourse that has pervaded the United States as of late has appeared in news features, protests, Wespeaks, and many other media outlets. In light of these public expressions of discord, we, the Interfaith Justice League, feel compelled to address contemporary American anti-Muslim sentiment, and the confusion from which it is borne. Indeed, a host of misunderstandings have coalesced to form the American brand of Islamophobia that is so prevalent and normalized by the media today.
One of the most prominent American misconceptions about Islam is that Muslims at large pose a terrorist threat. Again, this fear stems from the conception of all Muslims as an ideologically and culturally unified people. While Muslims do feel unified on the one belief that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the last messenger, this belief works primarily to form a foundation for the practice of Islam, from which practitioners diverge due to geographical, cultural, and ideological disparities. That said, the fundamental tenets of Islam foster a largely tolerant and pacifist disposition within the Muslim faith.
The United States has a history of constructing the ‘other’ in American society. Irish, Italian, and German immigrants, blacks, and Latin and Native Americans, among others, have all played this special role in the American sociopolitical landscape. Now, within the mainstream media, Muslims seem to be taking the helm. Each group that has played the role of the ‘other’ role has, within a certain conservative American consciousness, posed a threat to the notions of white privilege and manifest destiny. The idea of Muslims defiling American sacred space, as a few extremists did on September 11, 2001, is intolerable to many. This trepidation is enhanced by a fear of a Muslim takeover of the American way of life. After September 11th, images circulated of New York City’s skyscrapers topped with minarets, insinuating an Islamic takeover of the United States. This notion of a physical takeover stands as a symbol for the more deep-seeded, albeit unwarranted, fear of a displacement of American values with Muslim ones.
The historic fears about immigrants degrading American culture, which mirror the current fear of an Islamic takeover in America, have not come to fruition. Rather, the multiplicity of cultures and peoples in this nation have come together to comprise the complex matrix that is “American culture.” Indeed, while racism remains a widespread problem in our country, cultural differences that were previously seen as insurmountable have been breached in a number of areas. That being said, Muslim and American identities are not mutually exclusive. Indeed, the part of the American ethos that makes it so unique is an openness towards outside cultures and ideas.
As activists, we place great importance on the elimination of hate speech against Muslims, and the most direct way to work towards this ideal is to increase Americans’ understanding of Muslim people and cultures. As a part of a larger effort to facilitate Wesleyan’s understanding of the multifaceted problem of Islamophobia in the United States, the Interfaith Justice League will host a panel discussion on the Park51 controversy and Islamophobia in general, this Thursday, November 4th in Shanklin 107 at 4:30pm. Come one, come all, to learn more and help dissipate the injustice of misinformed hatred towards Muslims. We hope that reflection on American perceptions of Islam will foster a broader dialogue on discrimination at large.
The Interfaith Justice League | <urn:uuid:47b13b97-1662-4471-bddb-273984d06255> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://wesijl.wordpress.com/2010/11/14/wesspeak-decoding-and-debunking-islamophobia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00507-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950532 | 915 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Federal Reserve Act
|Long title||An Act to provide for the establishment of Federal reserve banks, to furnish an elastic currency, to afford means of rediscounting commercial paper, to establish a more effective supervision of banking in the United States, and for other purposes|
|Enacted by||the 63rd United States Congress|
|Public law||[63-43 Pub.L. 63–43]|
|Statutes at Large||ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251|
The Federal Reserve Act (ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, enacted December 23, 1913, 12 U.S.C. ch. 3) is an Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States, and which created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes (now commonly known as the U.S. Dollar) and Federal Reserve Bank Notes as legal tender. The Act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson.
- 1 The Act
- 2 Background
- 3 Legislative history of the Act
- 4 Subsequent amendments
- 5 Implications and impacts of the Federal Reserve Act
- 6 Criticisms of the Act
- 7 References
- 8 External links
The Federal Reserve Act created a system of private and public entities. There were to be at least eight and no more than twelve private regional Federal Reserve banks. Twelve were established, and each had various branches, a board of directors, and district boundaries. The Federal Reserve Board, consisting of seven members, was created as the governing body of the Fed. Each member is appointed by the President of the U.S and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. In 1935, the Board was renamed and restructured. Also created as part of the Federal Reserve System was a 12-member Federal Advisory Committee and a single new United States currency, the Federal Reserve Note. The Federal Reserve Act created a national currency and a monetary system that could respond effectively to the stresses in the banking system and create a stable financial system. With the goal of creating a national monetary system and financial stability, the Federal Reserve Act also provided many other functions and financial services for the economy, such as check clearing and collection for all members of the Federal Reserve.
With the passing of the Federal Reserve Act, Congress required that all nationally chartered banks become members of the Federal Reserve System. These banks were required to purchase specified non-transferable stock in their regional Federal Reserve banks, and to set aside a stipulated amount of non-interest bearing reserves with their respective reserve banks. Since 1980, all depository institutions have been required to set aside reserves with the Federal Reserve. Such institutions are entitled to certain Federal Reserve services. State chartered banks were given the option of becoming members of the Federal Reserve System and in the case of the exercise of such option were to be subject to supervision, in part, by the Federal Reserve System. Member banks became entitled to have access to discounted loans at the discount window in their respective reserve banks, to a 6% annual dividend in their Federal Reserve stock, and to other services.
|Section Number||Section Title|
|1||Short Title and Definitions|
|2||Federal Reserve Districts|
|2A||Monetary Policy Objectives|
|2B||Appearances Before and reports to the Congress|
|4||Federal Reserve Banks|
|5||Stock Issues; Increase and Decrease in Capital|
|6||Insolvency of Member Banks|
|7||Division of Earnings|
|8||Conversion of State Banks into National Banks|
|9||State Banks as Members|
|9A||Participation in Lotteries Prohibited|
|9B||Resolution of Clearing Banks|
|10||Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve|
|10A||Emergency Advances to Groups of Member Banks|
|10B||Advances to Individual Member Banks|
|11||Powers of Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve and Board|
|11A||Pricing of Services|
|11B||Annual Independent Audits of Federal Reserve Banks and Board|
|12||Federal Advisory Council|
|12A||Federal Open Market Committee|
|13||Powers of the Federal Reserve Banks|
|13A||Discount of Agricultural Paper|
|14||Open Market Operations|
|17||Deposit of Bonds by National Banks|
|20||National Bank Notes Redemption Fund as Reserve|
|22||Offenses of Examiners, Member Banks, Officers, and Distributors|
|23A||Relations with Affiliates|
|23B||Restrictions on Transactions with Affiliates|
|24||Real Estate Loans|
|24A||Investment in Bank Premises or Stock of Corporation Holding Premises|
|25A||Banking Corporations Authorized to do Foreign Banking Business|
|25B||Jurisdiction of Suits|
|25C||Potential Liability on Foreign Accounts|
|27||Tax on National Bank Notes|
|28||Reduction of Capital of National Banks|
|29||Civil Money Penalty|
|31||Reservation of Right to Amend|
Central banking has made various institutional appearances throughout the history of the United States. These institutions started with the First and Second banks of the United States, which were championed in large part by Alexander Hamilton.
The First Bank of United States
The American financial system was deeply fragmented after the American Revolutionary War. The government was burdened with large wartime debts, and the new republic needed a strong financial institution to give the country a resilient financial footing. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had opposing views regarding whether or not the US could benefit from a European-style national financial institution. Hamilton was in favor of building a strong centralized political and economic institution to solve the country’s financial problem. He argued that a central bank could bring order to the US monetary system, manage the government’s revenues and payments, and provide credit to both the public and private sectors. On the other hand, Jefferson was deeply suspicious of a central bank because, he argued, it would undermine democracy. Jefferson and Southern members of congress also believed that a strong central financial institution would serve commercial interests of the north at the expense of Southern-based agriculture interests whose credit was provided by local banks during the post-revolutionary war era. The First Bank of the United States was established in 1791 chartered for a period of twenty years. The US government was the largest shareholder of the bank. Despite its shareholder status, the government was not permitted to participate in management of the bank. The bank accepted deposits, issued bank notes, and provided short-term loans to the government. It also functioned as a clearinghouse for government debt. The bank could also regulate state-charted banks to prevent overproduction of banknotes. The bank was very successful in financing the government and stimulating the economy. In spite of its successes, hostility against the bank did not fade. Jeffersonians questioned the bank’s constitutionality. In 1811, the first bank of the United States failed to be renewed by one vote in both the House and the Senate.
The Second Bank of the United States
After the War of 1812, economic instability necessitated the creation of a second national bank. Due to expanding money supply and lack of supervision, individual bank activity sparked high inflation. In 1816, a second national bank was created with a charter of twenty years. Three years later, during the panic of 1819 the second bank of the United States was blamed for overextending credit in a land boom, and would tighten up credit policies following the panic (Wiletnz, 2008).
The Second bank was unpopular among the western and southern state-chartered banks, and constitutionality of a national bank was questioned. President Jackson would come into office, and wished to end the current central bank during his presidency. Under the premise that the bank favored a small economic and political elite at the expense of the public majority, the Second Bank became private after its charter expired in 1836, and would undergo liquidation in 1841.
For nearly eighty years, the U.S. was without a central bank after the charter for the Second Bank of the United States was allowed to expire. After various financial panics, particularly a severe one in 1907, some Americans became persuaded that the country needed some sort of banking and currency reform that would, when threatened by financial panics, provide a ready reserve of liquid assets, and furthermore allow for currency and credit to expand and contract seasonally within the U.S. economy.
Some of this was chronicled in the reports of the National Monetary Commission (1909–1912), which was created by the Aldrich–Vreeland Act in 1908. Included in a report of the Commission, submitted to Congress on January 9, 1912, were recommendations and draft legislation with 59 sections, for proposed changes in U.S. banking and currency laws. The proposed legislation was known as the Aldrich Plan, named after the chairman of the Commission, Republican Senator Nelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island.
The Plan called for the establishment of a National Reserve Association with 15 regional district branches and 46 geographically dispersed directors primarily from the banking profession. The Reserve Association would make emergency loans to member banks, print money, and act as the fiscal agent for the U.S. government. State and nationally chartered banks would have the option of subscribing to specified stock in their local association branch. It is generally believed that the outline of the Plan had been formulated in a secret meeting on Jekyll Island in November 1910, which Aldrich and other well connected financiers attended.
Since the Aldrich Plan gave too little power to the government, there was strong opposition to it from rural and western states because of fears that it would become a tool of bankers, specifically the Money Trust of NYC. Indeed, from May 1912 through January 1913 the Pujo Committee, a subcommittee of the House Committee on Banking and Currency, held investigative hearings on the alleged Money Trust and its interlocking directorates. These hearings were chaired by Rep. Arsene Pujo, a Democratic representative from Louisiana.
In the election of 1912, the Democratic Party won control of the White House and both chambers of Congress. The party's platform stated strong opposition to the Aldrich Plan. The platform also called for a systematic revision of banking laws in ways that would provide relief from financial panics, unemployment and business depression, and would protect the public from the "domination by what is known as the Money Trust." The final plan, however, was quite similar to the Aldrich Plan, with a few revisions. Sen. Carter Glass made these revisions, although the main premise of the Aldrich Plan was in there. Changes in the Banking and Currency System of the United States]. House Report No. 69, 63d Congress to accompany H.R. 7837, submitted to the full House by Carter Glass, from the House Committee on Banking and Currency, September 9, 1913. A discussion of the deficiencies of the then current banking system as well as those in the Aldrich Plan and quotations from the 1912 Democratic platform are laid out in this report, pages 3–11.
Legislative history of the Act
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President of the United States
The Federal Reserve Act was a part of the banking and currency reform plan advocated by President Wilson in 1912. The chairmen of the House and Senate Banking and Currency committees sponsored this legislation; Rep. Carter Glass, a Democrat of Virginia, and Senator Robert Latham Owen, a Democrat of Oklahoma. According to the House committee report accompanying the Currency bill (H.R. 7837) or the Glass-Owen bill, as it was often called during the time.
Attempts to reform currency and banking had been made in the United States prior H.R. 7837. The major first form of this type of legislation came through with the First Bank of the United States in 1791. Championed by Alexander Hamilton, this established a central bank that included in a three-part expansion of federal fiscal and monetary power (including federal mint and excise taxes). Attempts were made to extend this bank’s charter, but they would fail before the charters expiration in 1811, which would lead to the creation of the Second Bank of the United States. In 1816 the U.S. Congress chartered this Second bank for a twenty-year period to create irredeemable currency with which to pay for the costs of the War of 1812. The creation of congressionally authorized irredeemable currency by the Second Bank of the United States opened the door to the possibility of taxation by inflation. Congress did not want state-chartered banks as competition in the inflation of currency. The charter for the Second Bank would expire in 1836, leaving the U.S. without a central bank for nearly eighty years. The last major form of legislation preceding the Federal Reserve Act came in 1908 with the Aldrich-Vreeland Act, which was the initial response the Panic of 1907, and established the National Monetary Commission, which recommended the Federal Reserve act of 1913.
According to the House committee report accompanying the Currency bill (H.R. 7837) or the Glass-Owen bill, the legislation was drafted from ideas taken from various proposals, including the Aldrich bill. However, unlike the Aldrich plan, which gave controlling interest to private bankers with only a small public presence, the new plan gave an important role to a public entity, the Federal Reserve Board, while establishing a substantial measure of autonomy for the (regional) Reserve Banks which, at that time, were allowed to set their own discount rates. Also, instead of the proposed currency being an obligation of the private banks, the new Federal Reserve note was to be an obligation of the U.S. Treasury. In addition, unlike the Aldrich plan, membership by nationally chartered banks was mandatory, not optional. The changes were significant enough that the earlier opposition to the proposed reserve system from Progressive Democrats was largely appeased; instead, opposition to the bill came largely from the more business-friendly Republicans instead of from the Democrats.
After months of hearings, debates, votes and amendments, the proposed legislation, with 30 sections, was enacted as the Federal Reserve Act.
The Federal Reserve act has undergone many amendments after its implementation. Early, bureaucratic amendments were made to account for states like Hawaii and Alaska’s admission to the union; such as district restructuring and jurisdiction specifications.
The Federal Reserve Act was originally granted a twenty-year charter, to be renewed in 1933. This clause was amended on February 25, 1927: "To have succession after the approval of this Act until dissolved by Act of Congress or until forfeiture of franchise for violation of law." 12 U.S.C. ch. 3. As amended by act of Feb. 25, 1927 (44 Stat. 1234). The success of this amendment is notable, as in 1933, the US was in the throes of the Great Depression and public sentiment with regards to the Federal Reserve System and the banking community in general had significantly deteriorated. Given the political climate, including of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration and New Deal legislation, it was uncertain whether the Federal Reserve System would survive.
The Federal Open Market Committee
In 1933, by way of the Banking Act of 1933, the Federal Reserve Act was amended to create the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), which consists of the seven members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and five representatives from the Federal Reserve Banks. The FOMC is required to meet at least four times a year (in practice, the FOMC usually meets eight times) and has the power to direct all open-market operations of the Federal Reserve banks.
12 USC § 225a
On November 16, 1977, the Federal Reserve Act was amended to require the Board and the FOMC "to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates." The Chairman was also required to appear before Congress at semi-annual hearings to report on the conduct of monetary policy, on economic development, and on the prospects for the future. The Federal Reserve Act has been amended by some 200 subsequent laws of Congress. It continues to be one of the principal banking laws of the United States.
Implications and impacts of the Federal Reserve Act
The passing of the Federal Reserve act of 1913 carried implications both domestically and internationally for the United States economic system. The absence of a central banking structure in the U.S. previous to this act left a financial essence that was characterized by immobile reserves and inelastic currency. Creating the Federal Reserve gave the federal government control to regulate inflation, even though the government control over such powers would eventually lead to decisions that were controversial. Some of the most prominent implications include the internationalization of the U.S. Dollar as a global currency, the impact from the perception of the Central Bank structure as a public good by creating a system of financial stability (Parthemos 19-28), and the Impact of the Federal Reserve in response to economic panics. The Federal Reserve Act also permitted national banks to make mortgage loans for farm land, which had not been permitted previously.
Criticisms of the Act
Throughout the history of the United States, there has been an enduring economic and political debate regarding the costs and benefits of central banking. Since the inception of a central bank in the United States, there were multiple opposing views to this type of economic system. Opposition was based on protectionist sentiment; a central bank would serve a handful of financiers at the expense of small producers, businesses, farmers and consumers, and could destabilize the economy through speculation and inflation. This created even further controversy over who would select the decision-makers in charge of the Federal Reserve. Proponents argued that a strong banking system could provide enough credit for a growing economy and avoid economic depressions. Other critical views included the belief that the bill gave too much power to the federal government after the senate revised the bill to create 12 board members who were each appointed by the president.
Preceding the creation of the Federal Reserve, no U.S. central banking systems lasted for more than 25 years. Some of the questions raised include: whether Congress has the Constitutional power to delegate its power to coin money or issue paper money (an obvious reference to Article 1, Sec. 8, Clause 5, which states: "The Congress shall have power To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures"), whether the structure of the federal reserve is transparent enough, whether the Federal Reserve is a public Cartel of private banks (also called a banking cartel) established to protect powerful financial interests, fears of inflation, high government deficits, and whether the Federal Reserve's actions increased the severity of the Great Depression in the 1930s (and/or the severity or frequency of other boom-bust economic cycles, such as the late 2000s recession). However, the debate over the right to coin money was minimal due to the fact the US government had already done this in the past.
- Federal Reserve. "Federal Reserve Bank of the United States"
- "The First Bank of the United States (1791–1811)"
- Report of the National Monetary Commission. January 9, 1912, letter from the Secretary of the Commission and a draft bill to incorporate the National Reserve Association of the United States, and for other purposes. Sen. Doc. No. 243. 62d Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1912.
- Paul Warburg's Crusade to Establish a Central Bank in the United States Michael A. Whitehouse, 1989. In attendance at the meeting were Aldrich; Paul Warburg; Frank Vanderlip, president of National City Bank; Henry P. Davison, a J.P. Morgan partner; Benjamin Strong, vice president of Banker's Trust Co.; and A. Piatt Andrew, former secretary of the National Monetary Commission and then assistant secretary of the Treasury.
- Wicker, Elmus (2005). "The Great Debate on Banking Reform: Nelson Aldrich and the Origins of the Fed". Ohio University Press. See also book review.
- Money Trust Investigation – Investigations of Financial and Monetary Conditions in the United States under House Resolutions Nos. 429 and 504 before a subcommittee of the House Committee on Banking and Currency. 27 Parts. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1913.
- Parthemos, James. "The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 in the Stream of U.S. Economic History", Federal Reserve of Richmond Economic Review, Richmond, July 1987. Retrieved on 11 November 2013.
- Federal Reserve. "Federal Reserve Act, Section 2"
- Broz, J. Lawrence (1999). "Origins of the Federal Reserve System: International Incentives and the Domestic Free Rider Problem". International Organization. 53 (1): 39–70. doi:10.1162/002081899550805. JSTOR 2601371.
- Roger T. Johnson, Historical Beginnings... The Federal Reserve, p. 14, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (1999), at .
- Elias, Early and Jordá, Óscar. "Crisis Before and After the Creation of the Fed" FRBSF Economic Letter, May 6, 2013
- Friedman, Milton; Schwartz, Anna Jacobson (1963). A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960. National Bureau of Economic Research. Princeton University Press. p. 244. ISBN 0-691-04147-4. LCCN 63-7521.
- Hsieh, Chang Tai; Romer, Christina D. (2006). "Was the Federal Reserve Constrained by the Gold Standard During the Great Depression? Evidence from the 1932 Open Market Program". Journal of Economic History. 66 (1): 140–176. doi:10.1017/S0022050706000064.
- Richardson, Gary; Troost, William (2009). "Monetary Intervention Mitigated Banking Panics during the Great Depression: Quasi‐Experimental Evidence from a Federal Reserve District Border, 1929–1933". Journal of Political Economy. 117 (6): 1031–1073. doi:10.1086/649603.
- Wheelock, David C. "Monetary Policy in the Great Depression: What the Fed Did, and Why" (PDF). Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review: 3–28.
- Text of the current Federal Reserve Act, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
- Text of Federal Reserve Act as laid out in the U.S. Code, Cornell Law School.
- The original Federal Reserve Act, including the signature of Woodrow Wilson
- The original Federal Reserve Act, and index
- Paul Warburg's Crusade to Establish a Central Bank in the United States by Michael A. Whitehouse, 1989.
- The Federal Reserve System In Brief – An online publication from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
- The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 – A Legislative History, Law Librarians' Society of Washington, DC, Inc., 2009
- Historical documents related to the Federal Reserve Act and subsequent amendments | <urn:uuid:76a244e8-26cd-47a2-838c-0dec9ef25eb7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00141-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951127 | 4,837 | 3.8125 | 4 |
No matter what party partisans say, no American president is perfect -- to say the least. But when historians get around to ranking our greatest presidents, the top spots invariably go to the usual titans -- Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln and the Roosevelts, Teddy and Franklin. Ivan Eland, a senior fellow at The Independent Institute (independent.org) and an expert on defense issues, begs to differ with the standard consensus -- by about 180 degrees.
In his book "Recarving Rushmore: Ranking the Presidents on Peace, Prosperity, and Liberty," Eland doesn't rank our commanders in chief according to how many wars they won or how many new federal government social or regulatory agencies they fathered. He ranks them on how well they adhered to the principles of limited government as put down in the Constitution by our Founding Framers -- which is why obscure John Tyler is Eland's No. 1, under-appreciated Grover Cleveland is second, derided Warren Harding is sixth, ridiculed Jimmy Carter is eighth, revered Abe Lincoln is 29th, hallowed FDR is 31st, beloved Ronald Reagan is 34th and progressive icon Woodrow Wilson is dead last. I recently talked to Eland by phone from his home in Washington, D.C.
Q: Can you give us a quick, "elevator-ride" description of your book?
A: The reason it's called "Recarving Rushmore" is because I believe historians, political scientists and journalists evaluate presidential success based on the wrong factors. They often use charisma, whether the president was a bold activist, or whether he served in wartime or crisis, even if he had contributed to the crisis or didn't prevent it or made it worse. I try to evaluate presidents only on their policies. I try to block out all extraneous factors, whether you liked them or not or whatever, and just go on whether their policies promoted peace, prosperity and liberty and whether they stuck with the original intent of the Framers of the Constitution to limit executive power.
Q: Why did you feel you needed to write it?
A: I just thought the presidential rankings were askew. We just had Presidents Day and a slew of presidential rankings came out and they were pretty much the same as they always are, with FDR, Lincoln, Washington, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Jefferson up at the top. Most of the people on Mt. Rushmore. I believe they are wrong in how they evaluate them.
Q: Who would be the four presidents that you'd put on Mt. Rushmore?
A: They are very obscure presidents, and they're kind of boring, actually. But I go on the premise that the American people -- with their hard work, values, etc. -- are the people who really make the country and the government should stay out of their way. I picked presidents who were for limited government, a limited executive role and a restrained foreign policy as the Founders wanted -- and those would be John Tyler (1), Grover Cleveland (2), Martin Van Buren (3) and Rutherford B. Hayes (4). The general public probably hasn't heard of any of them.
Q: Why not George Washington?
A: George Washington I rated seventh. But even Washington expanded the presidency beyond what the people at the Constitutional Convention wanted during his eight years. He set some good precedents and some bad precedents. One of the things he did was use military forces to put down the Whiskey Rebellion. He never shot anybody or hanged anybody for the rebellion. He kind of let it go. But that set a really bad precedent. There were some other things he did as well. He made the presidency slightly more powerful than the Founders had wanted. The reason I rank him so high is that I think he got the whole shebang kicked off at the start of our constitutional system. . This seems ridiculous but it's very important in a republic to have rotation of leadership. He was a true republican and he believed that. He left office voluntarily after two terms. We take that for granted now but that informal precedent lasted clear up until the mid-20th century until FDR broke it. It was so enshrined by Washington that when FDR broke it they made it a constitutional amendment so that presidents can only serve eight years. Washington could have been king or at least the leader for life, but he didn't do that.Q: John Tyler -- a Whig -- was president from 1841 to 1845. What makes him No. 1?
A: He took over from William Henry Harrison, who only served a month. So he served almost four years. He was almost impeached by his own party because he stuck up for a limited government, a restrained foreign policy and a limited chief executive. As an example, in foreign policy he settled America's longest and most bloody Indian war, the Second Seminole War, and he did something that is unique in American history; he actually settled it to the Indians' advantage. He let some of them remain on the reservation, which is all they wanted to do because this reservation had been promised to them and they were being run off it. He also prevented a few other wars. Presidents rarely get credit for staying out of wars. They usually get credit for starting them, even if they are blatant aggression like the Mexican War to grab territory. So Tyler deserves a lot of credit.Q: Was anyone else close?
A: Grover Cleveland (1884-1888 and 1894-1898) was certainly a very good president. He made a couple of errors. He had the Venezuelan incident, where he was a little too enthusiastic about enforcing the Monroe Doctrine. He also busted the Pullman strike, using force, which Rutherford B. Hayes, by the way, didn't do. The other thing Cleveland did that was bad is that he created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was of course the prototype of regulatory agencies. These are transgressions that Grover Cleveland did, but I don't want to minimize his presidency because he was for limited government. He's the last limited-government president we ever had. When William McKinley came in, he created the modern presidency, which is a euphemism for a larger role for the president than the Founders had intended. I think Cleveland was a very good president; he's No. 2 because he was for limited government, a limited president and for the most part a restrained foreign policy. Cleveland was very competent and people perceived him as being very honest. He was probably our most honest president.
Q: What was the methodology you used when you did your rankings -- for Ronald Reagan, for example?
A: I had a 60-point scale: 20 for peace, 20 for prosperity and 20 for liberty. Of course, you don't want to over-quantify the thing, because it is a value judgment in the end. As far as Reagan goes, he wasn't the small government president that his image made him out to be. I think that's the case of a lot of presidents -- their image somewhat deviates from reality. In Reagan's case (ranked 34) it was quite great. He was perceived as a macho guy in foreign policy, defeating the Soviet Union. He was also perceived as a small-government president, but of course he increased government spending as a percentage of GDP. This was something that I discovered in my research, which I never would have realized: the two presidents who reduced government spending as a percentage of GDP are Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter, and those are Democrats. Eisenhower did pretty well; he held it constant. But people like Reagan and of course George Bush increased the government as a portion of GDP. I think that's very important.
Q: Your politics obviously skewed your rankings.
A: I make that explicit in the introduction. Most of the rankings that you'll get on Presidents Day include all these historians, but of course they all have political biases as well, but they're never stated. I state mine up front. I'm not partisan, because I found great and good presidents from both parties and really poor and bad presidents from both parties. I don't think I have a partisan bias, but I do have a bias toward limited government in all aspects of things and a restrained executive and a restrained foreign policy. I think that's the bias of the Founders. If the Founders were here today, they would be loosely and broadly libertarians.
Q: Who is the most undeserving of the presidents that we and our culture generally rate as "great."
A: I think John F. Kennedy. Even historians rate him as one of the most overrated people in American history. He almost incinerated the world in the Cuban Missile Crisis and he gets far too much credit for his behavior during that. He moderated his behavior -- if he had followed the advice of his generals we would have had a nuclear war.
Also, I think Woodrow Wilson would qualify. He is the worst president that I ranked. He really ruined the whole 20th century. World War I was the single most important event in the 20th century. The History Channel and whatever other channels show World War II all time, but World War I was more important because it caused World War II. Whenever Wilson decided to get into this war -- God knows why, since the United States had stayed out of most European wars throughout its history on purpose -- we tipped the balance and allowed the British and French to expand their empires and demand heavy reparations from Germany. And of course Wilson demanded the abdication of the Kaiser, which paved the way for Hitler to take power, using the economic conditions that were exacerbated by the reparations. Also, Woodrow Wilson kept the Russian provisional government in the war by bribing them and pressuring them, and of course the Bolsheviks used that to take power. They were the only anti-war party. So you could also say that Woodrow Wilson contributed to the Bolshevik Revolution and then after that happened he invaded Russia to try to reverse it. So in addition to all Wilson's monkeying around in Latin America and his practically nationalizing the entire economy, for the first time during a major war the U.S. government took over most of the economy. Of course FDR during the Depression used that precedent and brought back many of the wartime agencies and even many of the people who ran them. So this type of model continued during World War II and we're still seeing some of this stuff even today.
Q: Peace, prosperity and liberty -- do Americans really still value those values?
A: Well, I would hope so. Sometimes both liberals and conservatives get a little into this "Hey, we've got to go and defeat this foreign character" -- like Saddam Hussein. When you really think about it, Saddam Hussein was never much of a threat to the United States itself. We kind of go on these crusades overseas. But the reason I think that Americans have drifted away from this is because they really haven't fought a war on their own soil for a long time. Basically I think most Americans do favor peace, prosperity and liberty, but I think that what most Americans don't realize is that peace is very important for the economy and also for liberty. We've seen the liberties erode recently because of overseas adventures. And now we've seen the economy go down. Of course the economy didn't go down just because we've had two simultaneous wars, but certainly that didn't help it. Some people say erroneously that war helps the economy, but it really doesn't because it sucks resources that could be used more productively in the commercial sector into weapons and bullets and missiles that are expended and if anything destroy other countries' productive capacity. So peace is very important for our economy and also for our liberties here at home.Q: Who needs to read your book and get the message?
A: I think people from all political stripes should read this book. Peace, prosperity and liberty -- I think for liberals, conservatives, Green Party members, libertarians, those should be the goals that we're striving for and to stay within the Constitution. . It's very important to stay within the Constitution and stick up for peace, prosperity and liberty and that's what we want the government to do. The different factions may have different ways to do that. But I think mine is essentially an alternative history of the U.S. seen through the office of the presidency. We've seen that the president has drastically expanded his powers over the years, so we don't really have the government that the Founders set up. It's been altered. I don't think most people have realized that and I think they would benefit from an alternative history.
It really impacts today's world. For instance, the Hoover-FDR period is very instructive for what's going on with the Bush-Obama period, because it is sort of analogous. It has big implications for what could happen with the economy. That's just one example, but I think you can benefit because almost anything that's happening now has roots in the history of America and this book gives a concise summary of each president's accomplishments or non-accomplishments in peace, prosperity and liberty. It really causes us to think about some of the titans in history like Lincoln, Jefferson, Teddy Roosevelt and FDR that we enshrine in the hall of fame when maybe they shouldn't be there. | <urn:uuid:01410dc2-3226-457a-9ded-4c7184950ccb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://townhall.com/columnists/billsteigerwald/2009/03/02/rushmore_redo_-_an_interview/print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00052-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984437 | 2,735 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Agree or disagree with the following statement and give a reasoned support for your opinion: “The U.S. suffers from a lack of diversity because there are only two major political parties. A greater number of parties is needed to reflect a wider spectrum of political ideology.”
1 Answer | Add Yours
While I agree with this statement to some degree, on balance I do not agree with it. There are a number of reasons for this. Let us look at the two most important of these.
First, it is not clear that we suffer from a lack of ideological diversity because of the two-party system. It is just as likely that we have two parties because we do not have much in the way of extreme ideologies. America has generally been a rather centrist country. We do not have as many of the sorts of fringe ideologies that are found in European countries with their longer histories and their aristocratic pasts. It is not clear, for example, that the ideology of the “Tea Party” is sufficiently different from that of the Republican Party to make enough “space” to accommodate both of them.
Second, this statement implies that having more political parties would be a good thing for our country. This does not seem likely to be true. I would argue that our country is splintered enough as it is. If we had more parties, we would have less of a reason to come together and to seek compromise. Smaller parties would likely arise around single issues like abortion or gun control or the environment and these parties would have less reason to compromise with one another.
If we want ideological purity, perhaps more parties would be good (if there truly is enough ideological diversity in the US). However, I would argue that ideological purity is bad for the country.
We’ve answered 319,175 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question | <urn:uuid:fedb89b8-599f-48ec-ba34-fd6a3d0481ce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/agree-disagree-with-following-statement-give-432769 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98279 | 386 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Lesson planning competencies are important for an educator. Having a lesson plan ensures that you set goals and outcomes for students, and motivates you to reach them as well. In addition, it helps you manage your time and assess student progress constantly. The SMART -- Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Timely -- method of lesson-planning enables you set realistic goals and outcomes for students.
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Set Aims and Objectives
Aim is the purpose of your lesson. What is the purpose of the day's class? What lesson are you going to teach? From aims come objectives. Objectives refer to what you expect your students to do after completion of the lesson. If you are a technology teacher and your class for the day is on, say, Windows 95 Operating System,, your purpose or aim is to familiarise your class with Windows 95 OS. You expect your students to be familiar with Windows 95 OS interface by the end of the class, which forms your objective.
Make Objectives Specific
In order to be SMART, objectives need to be as specific as possible. Taking the Windows 95 lesson-planning example, "Familiarize students with Windows 95 interface" is a general vague objective. You can make it specific by listing different objectives such as "To show students Windows 95 screen and desktop elements," "To teach students to use the mouse on Windows 95 desktop."
Decide Evaluation Parameters
A SMART objective is measurable. You can evaluate a student's progress on the lesson only when you can measure the objective. For the Windows 95 lesson plan, you can make the objective measurable by declaring students that have achieved a specific task as successful. For example, "Each student should list at least five Windows 95 screen elements in his notebook after switching off the screen. He should use the mouse competently and select at least 5 items on the screen in the very first attempt."
Ensure Achievable and Relevant Objectives
The objectives you set must be realistic and achievable for students. For example, you need to have computers and your students should have appropriate vocabulary pronunciation and understanding skills for the Windows 95 lesson plan to succeed. Similarly, the lesson plan should be relevant to students. For example, the Windows 95 lesson plan could help students in their upcoming school project or the technical vocabulary could be of use in their literacy lesson class.
Define Objective Time-Span
What is the time limit for a lesson? How much time do you intend to give to teaching students about Windows 95 interface? You could define a time limit such as "Two half-hour classes to teach students about Windows 95 desktop and interface." It is important to understand your students' learning capabilities and review your lesson presentation strategies to come up with a realistic time-span.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for | <urn:uuid:4d42b459-649c-400b-a197-43bc66bc4ead> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_8065994_smart-objectives-lesson-plans.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00392-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93252 | 606 | 4.40625 | 4 |
"In this challenging work, Daniel draws on the semiotics of Foucault, Kristeva, and Peirce to explore Edwards's typology.... elegant and important... " -Library Journal
"A provocative and at times brilliant reinterpretation of Edwards... " -Religious Studies Review
"... a comprehensive analysis and redefinition of the thought of Jonathan Edwards."-Peirce Project Newsletter
"... a new foundation for the study of Edwards's thought and rhetoric." -Wilson H. Kimnach
"... this is a superb and important book, one that deserves to be widely read and vigorously discussed." -Transactions of the Charles S. Pierce Society
"... Daniel's work ought... to be required reading among the Edwards guild, for it provides perhaps the best philosophical introduction in English to Edward's major writings." -Church History
Drawing on the semiotic work of Peirce, Foucault, and Kristeva, Stephen Daniel shows how the Renaissance theory of signatures provides Edwards and his contemporaries with a powerful alternative to the ideas of Descartes and Locke. | <urn:uuid:4feb930f-21ab-46d0-8bdd-be2424bd939e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/the-philosophy-of-jonathan-edwards/9780253316097-item.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00110-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.850342 | 217 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Marimekko made a splash at New York Fashion Week in more ways than one.
The legendary Finnish textile-maker and clothing company showed it's first-ever collection at NYFW on Monday, Helsinki-based website Helsingin Sanomat reported.
Established in 1951, the company exploded in the 1960s after then-first lady Jacqueline Kennedy was seen sporting their dresses, the Telegraph reported.
However, the company has remained relatively small, operating just 90 stores worldwide according to Bloomberg Businessweek.
"This fashion show is a big investment for a company of our size," said Marimekko's Marketing Director Tiina Alahuhta-Kasko.
More from GlobalPost: NYFW: 5 international designers to watch
The company, which showed their Spring-Summer 2013 collection, made another bold move by having 81-year-old supermodel Carmen Dell'Orefice trot down the runway in their clothes, Agence France Presse reported. Many consider Dell'Orefice, a former Dali muse who lost her life savings in the Bernie Madoff financial scandal, to be the "original supermodel."
"You know, Marimekko has a philosophy of encouraging people to be who they are and not to hide your identity," the company's president, Mika Ihamuotila, explained of their model casting process. "So we wanted only to have only models share our values, who have their own identity. Not the arrogant-looking, cold 17 year olds."
"We wanted people with life experience, whether they are young or old," Ihamuoltila continued, according to the Telegraph. "And people who can smile. I hate fashion shows where you see anorexic girls who don't show their personality. That would not be right for Marimekko."
We like that refreshing attitude.
More from GlobalPost: Don't be so modest: How Islam is upending the fashion world | <urn:uuid:ed61d238-5604-40a1-946b-e7e5bf4e8af3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.pri.org/stories/2012-09-11/marimekko-makes-splash-new-york-fashion-week | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00295-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950385 | 405 | 1.53125 | 2 |
You may want to trade your after-dinner coffee for tea, especially if you sometimes have digestive issues. Both green tea and many herbal teas may help improve your digestion and limit any adverse digestive effects, such as gas and upset stomach. Check with your doctor before making herbal tea a regular part of your diet, however, as some types of herbal tea can interact with medications or cause other problems.
Green tea may be beneficial for digestion because of substances it contains called polyphenols, including catechins. A study published in the "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry" in 2005 found that catechins from green tea increase the activity of pepsin, the digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach. Although black tea comes from the same plant, it is more processed than green tea and doesn't have as high a catechin content, so it may not have the same beneficial effect on digestion.
Chai tea, which contains a mix of spices including cinnamon, pepper, cardamom and ginger, may also be beneficial for digestion, according to an article on the "Yoga Journal" website. The spices it contains may be responsible for this effect. Cinnamon may help relieve a variety of digestive ailments, such as gas, indigestion, heartburn, stomach cramps and nausea. Ginger may also improve digestion and relieve upset stomach and nausea, notes the University of Maryland Medical Center.
A wide variety of herbal teas are also sometimes credited with improving digestion. Peppermint tea may help you digest your food more quickly by improving the flow of bile, which you need for digesting fat, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. The medical center also notes that dandelion tea may help improve digestion and upset stomach, as well as act as a mild laxative. Chamomile tea is sometimes used to treat gas, indigestion, certain types of constipation and other digestive disturbances, according to MedlinePlus. Mint, fennel, rosemary, juniper and lavender teas may help relieve gas. Other herbal teas that may help with digestion include marshmallow, mullein, European angelica, black cohosh, skullcap and yarrow, according to an article published on Curiosity.com.
Not all herbal teas are safe for everyone. Some herbal teas, such as those made with dandelion, chamomile, black cohosh or dried ginger, may not be safe during pregnancy. Peppermint tea may not be a good idea for people with reflux or those taking blood pressure or diabetes medications, and ginger should be avoided by those using blood thinners or blood pressure or diabetes medications. Avoid dandelion tea if you take diuretics, blood thinners or diabetes medications. | <urn:uuid:81501129-7756-4ab8-bc65-fa905504731e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.livestrong.com/article/440271-what-tea-is-good-for-digestion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00005-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932349 | 563 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Since Emma is a public domain reference design, anyone can take the schematics, gerber files, or bill of materials (BOM) and use them to order everything needed to build more Emmas. This is the case no matter how many Emmas you might want to make. Want to build a whole production run and sell them? Totally fine. Want to make some changes to they layout or tweak the design to add your own feature or twist? By all means, please do.
The pdf of the Emma design is attached to this step in addition to the screen shots shown. The full project source for this design is available from the Electric Imp Dev Center
. Note that many other reference designs are also available at on the Reference Designs Page.
Emma's design consists of four functional blocks: the power supply, the imp slot and ID chip, the LED driver and digit circuit (which is repeated 9 times in the design), and a digital ambient light sensor which was added just for some extra flair. The light sensor can be excluded without any ill effect (except, of course, that you won't be able to view the light level from anywhere in the world).
Emma's power supply uses the Texas Instruments AP1117E33G LDO to obtain a 3.3V supply from the board's 5V supply voltage - the imp, as well as the driver ICs for each digit, require a 3.3V supply. This LDO is inexpensive and easy to solder, and is a new addition in revision two of this design.
Note the Atmel ATSHA204-TSU-T part at U2, in the "Imp Slot and ID Chip" section. This part is an ID chip which provides the impee with a unique ID number. This number is used when the imp comes online and registers with the Electric Imp cloud; this is how the Imp Cloud knows what firmware to provide to the imp when it comes online. This part can be purchased and installed right off-the-shelf; no special initialization or configuration is needed. Just solder it down and you're good to go.
The Taos 856-TSL2561FN is a simple I2C sensor which can be used to detect the ambient light level around the impee. As shown on the schematic, this part has I2C slave address 0x29. Source code to read the sensor is included in this tutorial.
Next we'll take a quick look at the circuit which controls each display digit. | <urn:uuid:230cfcd3-13cf-4e7e-9109-51dcde95a076> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.instructables.com/id/Emma-an-8-digit-Alphanumeric-LED-Display-powered-/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00032-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934532 | 515 | 2.203125 | 2 |
- Where are you standing when you are the returners partner? You should be on the service line next to the T, almost in the centre of the court. The reason for this is that you are plugging the gap that the “Danger Player” (we discussed this in the previous blog) wants to hit in to, this is the easiest place for them to hit their volley. You stand here to give yourself half a chance of scraping that ball back but also to put them off a little, give them something else to think about.
- Where are you facing? You should have your hips, shoulders and eyes facing the “danger player” that player is your primary concern. Turn your body to face them, whatever you do, do not turn and look at your partner as they hit their return (this is hospital tennis).
- When you start in this position you are in a defensive position and this is where most recreational level players stay. I see very little movement from this position. As soon as the return is hit, one of two things are going to happen. Ether your partner hots a good return and fires it back to the server or its a bad return and the volleyer intercepts. As you are now standing in the correct position if the worst case happens and the “danger player” intercepts they can either volley it at you or go for the angle (good luck with the angle, that’s a 3 out of 10 shot). If your partner hits a good return back to the server this is when you need to move forward and become the “danger player”. The “danger player” position switches throughout the entire rally – so sorry there is no rest for you net players.
Time is short on the doubles court, and the person who understands it best has a huge advantage over others.
Tennis Holidays are a great way to make real progressions in your game, it is an intense week of learning new skills in the morning and putting them in to practise in the afternoons. Being able to play for 20 hours in one week means that you can really make changes in your game fast! Our Tennis Holidays our suitable for all levels whether you are a complete beginner through to county level players – everyone is welcome! | <urn:uuid:328d8676-c7d2-47d3-92f7-7d43afa9668b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://activeaway.com/2016/07/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.957482 | 469 | 1.5 | 2 |
Through Ms Elizabeth Smith’s extensive travels as a performer, Army Reservist and nurse, she now knows what kind of doctor she wants to be as she embarks on her medical degree. She is shifting her focus to helping rural women, and during Women’s Health Week she talks about her experiences and plans.
Ms Elizabeth Smith grew up in the Blue Mountains, spent a lot of time outdoors, joined the Army Reserves, and was involved in community theatre and music.
Elizabeth is a first-year Doctor of Medicine student, currently living in Orange.
Her parents both work in health care; her father is a pharmacist and her mother is a nurse. She watched her community-minded parents engage with and care for their patients and customers and was inspired by their generosity to their community.
But her first university degree was in theatre and performance.
As a 19-year-old, she joined the Army Reserve as a musician and has since provided aid to remote communities in Far North Queensland and rural communities in NSW. She also worked with contact tracing teams and hotel quarantine security to assist with COVID-19 efforts in 2020.
“My experiences with the Army Reserve vary from singing the National Anthem at State of Origin, to assisting with bushfire-stricken communities in Bega, to deploying with the Royal Australian Navy,” she said.
“I developed a lot of resilience and leadership skills.”
It was a conversation with her boss when she was on deployment with the Army Reserve that shifted her career path from performing to nursing.
Elizabeth visited rural and remote communities during her nursing placements and through her work with the Army Reserve. She gained first-hand knowledge of the type of care still required in those areas.
“Many communities didn’t have doctors or nurses in town, they would periodically fly in,” she said.
“Primary health care can make such a huge impact on a person’s life, and it didn’t feel fair to me that there are thousands of Australians who are not afforded this right.”
She met with doctors in the community that spoke about the relationships they had developed with their patients and community, and she knew this was the type of doctor she strived to be.
It was through her experiences as a student nurse that she decided to further her healthcare career and enrol in medicine.
Elizabeth spent a lot of time visiting the central west as a child and had intended to practice nursing in Orange. The Medicine program being based in Orange was a stroke of luck.
She also gets to continue her musical pursuits as part of Charles Sturt’s Elite Athlete and Performer Program.
“I loved living in the city but the sense of community I’ve found within my cohort has been amazing,” she said.
“I’m lucky enough to have family in Parkes and Forbes so it’s been great to be closer to them. I’ve lived in the city the last few years for work and study, so the change of pace and community has been very welcome.
“The University also really cares about recognising their students and the lives they lead outside of medicine.”
As the nation recognises Women’s Health Week (Monday 6 to Friday 10 September), Elizabeth reflects on the difference she wants to make for rural women in obtaining adequate health care.
“I have a passion for women’s health, and women in rural communities are often disadvantaged and have a lack of access to specific care,” she said.
“I want to pursue a career in general practice or obstetrics or gynaecology to bridge the healthcare gap and empower more women and girls in the community.”
Elizabeth said she wants to address the inequities in women’s healthcare, especially in rural areas, where teenage birth rates are high and pregnancy complications are increased.
She wants to work with schools to provide education and understanding on delicate health issues by building trust with patients.
She said she also has ideas on how to contribute to the improvement of health of First Nations women.
“There are also a number of approaches to improving First Nations women’s health, including community arts, theatre and community yarning, and I think we can learn from holistic models of health that encompass different initiatives,” she said.
Elizabeth said she was influenced by strong, intelligent and compassionate women in her life and hopes to provide the same for other women in her future role as a doctor.
She was meant to have her first clinical placement in Albury but it was delayed due to COVID-19. | <urn:uuid:a69d6c49-07ef-444f-a2e5-80993ed02fef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.csu.edu.au/feature/future-doctor-determined-to-bridge-rural-healthcare-gap | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.986415 | 964 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Mac Apps and Mac App Store' started by bobber205, Feb 21, 2007.
What's a good tutorial site for Final Cut Pro newbs?
i'm interested too, but not for this purpose
maybe there should be a thread that lists good tutorial sites for many of these creative applications for newbies. i think that'd be really useful.
sorry, i'm not much of help
i'm just learning how to use Final Cut Pro/Studio in Film Class, theres some sort of Apple Training DVD you can get, i'm not sure where you would get that, probably the same place you would get Final Cut
What Version? If 4 or 4.5 You Need To Get The Upgrade For $199 To Studio 5.1.2
Final Cut Pro HD is obsolete and your original install DVD should be sent in with $199 to Apple for the Universal Binary upgrade to the full blown $1299 Final Cut Studio. DEADLINE to do this is March 20 - was December 20 so you are lucky to still have time to get it done. This is the cheapest upgrade from an application to four applications in the history of Apple.
Ken Stone's Final Cut Pro + MacVideo Magazine
Ken Stone's Final Cut Pro site is awesome. I recently discovered it where there is a tutorial on Creating Hi-Def DVDs Using 4.7GB Type 5 DVDs that will play in HD on any modern Mac by Rick Young the Publihser-Editor of MacVideo Magazine out of London. Subscribing to MacVideo magazine would also be a good idea.
While that site is very good, I'm a really big newb. I can use imovie pretty effectively.
Are there tutorials aimed at someone who knows only a little about video editing?
Final Cut is nothing like iMovie
I can understand how you can be lost, just like me
Theres a LOT to learn, do you know anybody that uses it that you could ask for a little help to get started?
No one I know has a mac.
Tonight I'm trying to just open a video file and take two minutes out of it and save that.
Aargh. No idea how. And google is giving me swat with help.
you mean your trying tp cut the clip?
because you don't really do that in final cut, what your supposed to do is set an IN and OUT point (press I and O when the cursor is in the right spot) then drag the clip over to the second player window...
I got that now.
But it took over an HOUR to render one minute of video. I know I have only 512 RAM but that's ludricious! | <urn:uuid:dd2f40e3-a946-4719-984a-28c698083312> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://forums.macrumors.com/threads/using-final-cut-pro-hd.281889/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944659 | 565 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Engaging with young people
We are strengthening our relationship with young people and listening to their views on the environment, to identify ways they can be involved in our work to protect the environment and to increase their understanding of our programs.
To achieve this, we have created an Environment Youth Advisory Council and we are developing a Youth Engagement Strategy to outline our principals and objectives for engaging with young people and key initiatives for us to listen to their views and involve them in our work. We expect to release the strategy in the second half of 2022.
Environment Youth Advisory Council
We have established an Environment Youth Advisory Council to seek input from young people aged 15-22 years on a range of environmental issues and to hear their views to help inform our Youth Engagement Strategy.
The youth council will help build an understanding of our programs and create opportunities to listen to young people.
The objectives of the council are to
- Gain insights into the opinions of young people in NSW to ensure the EPA’s policies and programs genuinely consider the perspectives and impacts on young people
- Provide members with a unique opportunity to learn about the role of the EPA and gain skills advising on policy, programs and social media content
- Enable young people’s input to a broader EPA Youth Engagement Strategy
- Share EPA education information with members
The Environment Youth Advisory Council consists of 12 members from all over NSW and represent a diversity of young people living in NSW. Our inaugural Council come from areas across NSW including the Northern Sydney, Western Sydney, inner Sydney, Blue Mountains, Young, Albury, Mudgee and Central Coast.
The council will meet three times a year, either online or in person, to discuss issues and provide advice and recommendations to the EPA on environmental issues, policies and projects that affect young people in NSW.
Chevelle, aged 17, is from Mudgee, Central West NSW and identifies as non-binary and as a First Nations person. Chevelle has been a member of the Mid-Western Regional Youth Council since May 2022 and is most interested in climate change, behaviour change and legislation.
Emily Rose, aged 14, is from Copacabana, Central Coast. She has been a member of her local surf lifesaving club since 2013, and has been a member of the Junior Lifesaver of the Year Youth Group since February 2022. Emily is most interested in water quality, waste management and behaviour change.
Evan Ademovic, aged 19, is from Minchinbury, Western Sydney. He is studying Economics at Macquarie University, and has been a member of the Blacktown Council Youth Advisory Committee for 3 years. Evan is most interested in agriculture and grazing, industry and legislation.
Jaleel Albaf, aged 17, is from Young NSW. He is a high school student attending Young High School, and has been a member of the Young High School Leadership Team for 12 months. Jaleel is most interested in forestry, waste management and behaviour change.
Jasmine Cook, aged 17, is from Falconbridge, Blue Mountains. She is a high school student attending St Columba’s Catholic College, and has been a member of the Blue Mountains Youth Council for 18 months. Jasmine is most interested in climate change, behaviour change and legislation.
Jessica Muir, aged 17, is from Dee Why, Northern Sydney. She is a high school student and Vice-Captain attending Mater Maria Catholic College, and has also been a member of the Northern Beaches Youth Advisory Group for 12 months. Jess is most interested in waste management, climate change and behaviour change.
Lachie Carpenter, aged 16, is from Glenroy, Albury NSW. He is a high school student attending Xavier High School, and has been the Mayor of the Albury Youth Council for 5 months. Lachie is most interested in waste management, behaviour change and communications.
Lily-Anne Chapman, aged 21, grew up in Broken Hill NSW and now lives in Stanmore, Sydney. She is a university student studying an Environmental Science degree at the University of New South Wales. Lily-Anne is most interested in water quality, biodiversity and climate change.
Lotte Weber, aged 19, is from Katoomba, Blue Mountains. She has been a member of the Blue Mountains City Youth Council for four years and is currently studying International Relations at the Australian National University. Lotte is most interested in industry, behaviour change and communication.
Nabilah Chowdhury, aged 18, is from Ashfield, Sydney, and can speak Bengali. She has been involved in various youth councils and groups such as Jane Goodal National Youth Leadership Council, Yatz leader Taronga Zoo, Australian Wildlife Society, Australian Youth Affairs Coalition, Junior Chamber International, UNYouth, School strike 4 climate, NSW Young Parliament, Australian Youth Climate Coalition. Nabilah is most interested in climate change, air pollution and conservation.
Nicholas Chambers, aged 19, is from Cromer, Northern Sydney. He is studying Environment and Law at Macquarie University, and is a member of the Northern Beaches Council Youth Advisory Group. Nick is most interested in waste management, climate change and legislation
Tamanna Anand, aged 16, is from Lidcombe, Sydney. She is a high school student attending Santa Sabina College, and has also been a member of the Strathfield Youth Group since the beginning of 2022. Tamanna is most interested in waste management, climate change and air pollution.
Environment Youth Advisory Council inaugural meeting summary – 29 June 2022
Introduction from the Minister for Environment and Heritage, James Griffin
At the inaugural meeting the Minister for Environment and Heritage, James Griffin congratulated members on their position and outlined his vision for engaging with youth.
Introduction from Youth Advisory Council members
Members introduced themselves to the Minister and shared their interest in the environment and being part of the Youth Advisory Council.
Overview of the EPA – A/CEO Carmen Dwyer
Members heard from the EPA’s A/CEO Carmen Dwyer, who explained the role of the EPA, as the lead environmental regulator and provided a background into the work we do to inform, involve and support stakeholders, business and community. Carmen also outlined key initiatives to reduce litter and waste, including Return and Earn and Love Food Hate Waste. Members had the opportunity to ask questions of the A/CEO and other members of the Executive.
Single use plastics bans presentation – EPA’s Kate Doutney
Members were presented an update on the NSW Governments program to ban single use plastics in NSW, including the banning of lights weight plastic bags from 1 June 2022 and further single use plastics planned to be banned from 1 November 2022.
Discussion and feedback on single use plastics
Members discussed the bans including how the EPA is educating business and community about the bans, the policy work involved in background to enable the bans, the alternatives for plastics and funding available for business innovation.
We heard the views of members on how the bans could be promoted amongst young people, including via channels such as social media and through influencers, online school news sites and university societies and groups. We also heard their views on items to be banned in the future including on banning fruit and vegetable bags, plastics and coffee cups.
Youth Engagement Strategy facilitated feedback session – EPA’s Clair Cameron
The meeting also provided the EPA with an opportunity to outline our plan for a Youth Engagement Strategy and gain members' insights to inform its development, including their key environmental interests and how they receive information and trusted sources of information.
The next meeting will be held face to face at the end of this year. We will be working with members to set a date and agenda. More information on this will be coming soon.
The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is committed to increasing engagement with children and young people. As part of this an Environment Youth Advisory Council (YAC) is being created.
1. Objectives of the YAC
The objectives of the EPA YAC are to
- Gain insights into the opinions of NSW young people to ensure the EPA’s policies and programs genuinely consider them
- Provide participants a unique opportunity to learn about the role of the EPA and gain skills advising on policy, programs and social media content
- Enable young people’s input to a broader EPA youth engagement strategy
- Share EPA education information with participants
2. Responsibilities of YAC members
YAC members have the following responsibilities
- Attend and actively participate in meetings
- Provide advice and make recommendations to the NSW EPA
- Act in a professional and responsible manner
Membership is through invitation after completion of a YAC Application Form, which will be assessed against an eligibility criterion (see section 4) by the Selection Panel (consisting of two EPA staff members and one person representing the Advocate for Children and Young People and one independent representative).
Applications is open to young people aged between 15 to 22 years, living in NSW. The Youth Advisory Council will consist of a maximum of 12 youth representatives.
Membership shall aim to include a broad range of young people from a range of ages, genders, cultural backgrounds and locations in NSW.
4. Eligibility Criteria
The following eligibility criteria will apply to the selection of Youth Advisory Council members:
- Applicant has an interest and understanding of environmental and sustainability issues (such as waste issues including single use plastics, food waste and fast fashion, water issues, climate change, sustainable development).
- Applicant has the willingness to work in a team and participate in group discussions.
- Applicant can demonstrate the ability to listen to others, be respectful of others’ opinions and be open to other ideas.
- Applicant has a passion for representing young people’s voices in Government.
- Applicants have the capacity and motivation to commit to the YAC for the required duration.
5. Tenure and termination of membership
Members will be initially appointed for a year, with possibility of extension for a second year. Membership will cease if:
- The member turns 24 years of age during their tenure.
- The member fails to attend two meetings in a row.
- The member behaves in a way that is contrary to the responsibilities of YAC Members detailed in Section 2.
6. Sitting fees and expenses
The YAC will be established as a committee of the EPA and sitting fees will be paid to members. Members will receive $110 for a sitting for both online and in person meetings.
Should a member not attend a meeting, a stipend will not be paid. EPA will cover travel expenses to attend face to face meetings.
Once elected, the YAC is to receive an induction into the role and its requirements. This will be an online meeting.
A vacancy on the YAC shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment is made.
9. YAC web portal
YAC members will have access to a private online portal where relevant information including meetings dates will be available.
10. EPA Contact
The Youth Advisory Council will be supported by the NSW EPA Stakeholder Engagement Team. The primary contact is Katie Ritchie, firstname.lastname@example.org
11. Media authority and consent
The YAC or its’ members have no delegated authority to make comments to the media on behalf of the EPA.
All members are to provide a written consent for the EPA to publish images. And must also gain consent to post any images or comments on their own social media.
12.1 Frequency of meetings
Participants will meet for an initial induction meeting online and then three times per year. One meeting will be online via Zoom, with the possibility of two meetings being in-person (depending on public health guidelines at the time).
12.2 Attendance at meetings
YAC members are expected to attend all meetings.
Should a member be unable to attend a meeting they must inform the EPA primary contact and provide a reason. If a member does not attend two meetings in a row, their membership will be automatically revoked.
12.3 Schedule of meetings 2022
The following schedule has been provided for YAC meetings. Dates will be provided to members at the first meeting.
June 2022, 5.30pm-7pm
Online via Zoom
YAC meeting 1
June or July 2022
Online via Zoom
YAC meeting 2
Face to face
YAC Meeting 3
Early 2023 TBC
Face to face or online
12.4 Meeting agendas
The NSW EPA team will set the agendas for Youth Advisory Council meetings in consultation with the council and circulate to members one week in advance of meetings.
12.5 Meeting Chair/facilitation
The NSW EPA or their contractors will chair/facilitate the Youth Advisory Council meetings.
12.6 Meeting notes and documents
All relevant meeting notes and documents will be housed on the Youth Advisory Council online portal.
13. Review of the Terms of Reference
The YAC Terms of reference will be reviewed after the initial two years of the YAC | <urn:uuid:a301eb4d-d972-4d98-819a-38d567f33b8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/working-together/engaging-with-young-people | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.951396 | 2,832 | 2.375 | 2 |
SILVER SPRING, Md. — During Lent, Lawrence Anderson, OFM, Hoan Dinh, OFM, Francis Di Spigno, OFM, Joseph Macaluso, OFM, Hugh Macsherry, OFM, Stephen Mimnaugh, OFM, (pictured, right) and Lam Nguyen, OFM, from Holy Name College here joined the Sierra Club to help root out invasive plants species in Little Paint Branch Park in nearby Beltsville.
As the friars pulled out periwinkle, garlic-mustard and other plants not native to the region, they reconnected to the earth, recalling the Lenten discipline of rooting sin out of their lives.
The March 28 event began with Morning Prayer at Holy Name College. The psalms of the day recalled God’s love and action in creation and the human relationship with both. The reading came from the Assisi Compilation (88), calling on the brothers to leave space for nature to have its way. A reflection on the readings recalled Pope Paul VI’s promotion of work as a means of solidarity and participation in God’s creative activity, Hugh said.
The friars enjoyed the opportunity to work with other service groups from the University of Maryland and MaryPIRG. In true Franciscan fashion, they chatted as they worked and shared a lunch prepared by Fadi Azar, OFM, Francis Critch, OFM, and Erick Lopez, OFM. | <urn:uuid:5088a509-2074-4fe0-ab5e-70caeaa617f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hnp.org/maryland-friars-weed-gardens-root-out-sin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.904044 | 305 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Whakatāne Kiwi Story
In 1999, eight North Island brown kiwi were found unexpectedly in the Ōhope Scenic Reserve. These adult birds were the last of their local population; because without pest control 95% of their chicks were being killed in their first few months of life. Without intervention, this kiwi population, unique to the Whakatāne area, would have be lost forever.
The discovery of these kiwi prompted the development of the Whakatāne Kiwi Project, a partnership between the Bay of Plenty Regional Council (then Environment Bay of Plenty) and the Department of Conservation, in conjunction with Te Runanga o Ngāti Awa. Since then, the Whakatāne Kiwi Trust and the Whakatāne District Council have also become partners in the project.
The Whakatāne Kiwi Project is dedicated to the serious effort required to re-establish a thriving kiwi population. And that dedication has seen kiwi in the Whakatāne area go from the original eight birds to now over 300. Whakatāne kiwi can now be found in all three major reserves around town (Ohope Scenic Reserve, Mokorua Scenic Reserve, and Kohi Point Scenic Reserve) and have also been established on pest-free Moutohorā (Whale Island) just offshore from town. ‘Kiwi Wandering’ road signs caution drivers to lookout for kiwi crossing the roads, neighbourhoods now have kiwi probing around in their backyards, and the Whakatāne kiwi are well and truly re-established as a thriving population.
1999 – A few North Island brown kiwi were found unexpectedly in the Ōhope Scenic Reserve.
2000 – Adult kiwi were closely monitored, eggs were removed and hatched at Kiwi Encounter in Rotorua as part of ’Operation Nest Egg’ programme. When chicks reached the predator safe weight of 1000gm they were returned and released back into the Whakatāne reserves.
2001 – An intensive predator control operation was established, targeting mustelids, rats, possums and cats.
2002 – The first ‘Operation Nest Egg’ Chick was released back into the project area.
2006 – The Whakatāne Kiwi Trust was formed to promote and protect kiwi in the Whakatāne area.
2011 – The project had been so successful that the decision was made to move to in-situ management of chicks. This was a significant project milestone; incubated eggs were no longer removed from nests. The kiwi chicks were left to hatch and grow in the reserves.
2012 – 86% of hatched chicks survived to safe weight, and none were killed by predators. Chicks are now fitted with transmitters and monitored by volunteer ‘carers’ until they reach safe weight.
2013 – The Whakatāne Kiwi Project is achieving great success, with 200 kiwi chicks raised since 2000.
2015 – Ongoing pest control has benefited other bird populations in the project area and lead to a successful translocation of 40 North Island robins to Ōhope Scenic Reserve.
2017 – The number of active volunteers in the project is over 100 people helping protect kiwi around Whakatāne.
2018 – Residents close to the Whakatāne Kiwi Project area now regularly encounter kiwi in their backyards.
The five partners in the Whakatāne Kiwi Project are the Bay of Plenty Regional Council, Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Awa, Whakatāne District Council, Department of Conservation and the Whakatāne Kiwi Trust. | <urn:uuid:530543b3-df30-4ac3-b66c-1c5bf3392f7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.whakatanekiwi.org.nz/our-story/whakatane-kiwi-story/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.973087 | 791 | 2.671875 | 3 |
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