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We all want to feel secure should something happen such as a layoff; however, we also have other priorities for the income we are earning. The best way to prepare for a layoff is by having emergency savings. But when is enough, enough? The common response is, “you should have three to six months of expenses set aside”. Well (as with most things) I followed that advice…loosely.
It was the summer of 2008 and my husband and I were living the dream: our first home, an 18 month old daughter and another child on the way. We had both been working in our careers for a couple of years and had a little socked away for a rainy day (about enough to cover all of our expenses for 2 months).
One summer day, my husband came home early from work and…you guessed it, he had been laid off. In an instant I realized that we had not saved nearly enough and I began to panic.
So financially, we hunkered down. I started cutting back on what we could and luckily my husband was able to nab his old college job at a local restaurant. It was a big change to go back to working until the wee hours of the morning, but he was willing to do whatever he could to bring in any income. He continued his job search by day and worked in the restaurant at night.
Now what? Even with cut backs and the income from the restaurant we were tapping into savings every month. Months went by, our savings was dwindling and we were getting a little nervous…okay, really nervous.
Finally a break: almost 6 months to the day from when he was laid off he was offered a job! The job was less pay but better benefits and we were relieved – to say the least.
Lesson learned. Because of the cut backs and income from the restaurant job we were able to stretch out our 8 weeks of savings for 6 months, but it was awful and terrifying. Our savings ran out the week my husband got his first paycheck…talk about cutting it close. I am so thankful for what we had set aside, but you never know what could happen. So here are some things I took away from our financial crisis.
• Anything is better than nothing. We didn’t have the suggested amount of emergency savings, but we got by and without what little we had it could have been financial chaos.
• The average period of unemployment is over 40 weeks – so the more savings you have, the better!
• Know your bare bones budget. Should the unexpected happen, know what you can slim down to if needed. This will help you spring into action if the time comes.
• Bring in what income you can. It may not be ideal, but every little bit helps.
Need a little help determining your bare bones budget or how much emergency savings is enough for you? Call LSS at 888.577.2227 to make an appointment with one of our Certified Financial Counselors. Want to get started right now? Click here for ONLINE FINANCIAL COUNSELING. It’s quick, easy, and just as effective as phone or in-person counseling. Time is of the essence with finances so take action today!
Author Ashley Hagelin with LSS Financial Counseling is a Certified Financial Counselor and specializes in Reverse Mortage Counseling. | <urn:uuid:d89be470-c574-4d2c-978a-4ea2637e3223> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://senseandcentsibility.areavoices.com/2013/04/10/how-to-financially-prepare-for-and-survive-a-layoff/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00210-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.986405 | 695 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Have you ever thought that having someone more in your family can affect your way of life deeply in such a way even your success is being characterised by them? Would you love to know how great or how worse is going to affect your proffessional life just the appearance of a brother or a sister in your life? If so, you are at the very right place! Make sure to stick with us and keep an eye onto the following lines to see how much does your siblings influence your success – these ideas are ought to turn you into the very best pshycological member of the family!
Having a Bigger Sibling Makes you More Motivated
Believe it or not, having a role model into your life is the best motivational way to stick to your plans. When you least expect it, your subconscious will drive you to finish the road just because your bigger brother or sister did the same when they were your age. You might not believe it, but this is really the way it works – and it works amazing to the ones looking for having ambitious children on the way!
The Number of Siblings Really Influence Your Success
Have you ever thought how would it have been if you had ten siblings? Even though there were people who used to have so many children back in the old days, this is something we do not get to meet with everyday. Still, the more siblings you have, the harder will it be for your parents to raise you – but, also, the easier will it be for you when you will be in need for help – also, when you will be all grown! Just think how easy will it be for you to move from one place to the other, how to get the neccesary money – when in need – and also, how many great opportunities you would have if your siblings are already successful – yes, you will be successful too in a matter of time!
Siblings Make Life More Pleasant
How do you think it would feel like with all your brothers and sisters being around you as you grow older? Even though you would feel it annoying sometimes, all in all you will be happy and self-sattisfyied inside yourself. And it will be seen outside, on your face, on everything you do – you will do it with pleaure and bound to hit the top! | <urn:uuid:c43e27fd-4309-4078-a3ee-1feeb32102ce> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.makemoneyinlife.com/how-much-does-your-siblings-influnece-your-success.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00239-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972364 | 474 | 1.5 | 2 |
Explore the words cloud of the ELECTRON4WATER project. It provides you a very rough idea of what is the project "ELECTRON4WATER" about.
The following table provides information about the project.
FUNDACIO INSTITUT CATALA DE RECERCA DE L'AIGUA
|Coordinator Country||Spain [ES]|
|Total cost||1˙493˙734 €|
|EC max contribution||1˙493˙734 € (100%)|
1. H2020-EU.1.1. (EXCELLENT SCIENCE - European Research Council (ERC))
|Duration (year-month-day)||from 2017-05-01 to 2022-04-30|
Take a look of project's partnership.
|1||FUNDACIO INSTITUT CATALA DE RECERCA DE L'AIGUA||ES (GIRONA)||coordinator||1˙493˙734.00|
The ever-increasing environmental input of toxic chemicals is rapidly deteriorating the health of our ecosystems and, above all, jeopardizing human health. Overcoming the challenge of water pollution requires novel water treatment technologies that are sustainable, robust and energy efficient. ELECTRON4WATER proposes a pioneering, chemical-free water purification technology: a three-dimensional (3D) nanoelectrochemical system equipped with low-cost reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-based electrodes. Existing research on graphene-based electrodes has been focused on supercapacitor applications and synthesis of defect-free, superconductive graphene. I will, on the contrary, use the defective structure of RGO to induce the production of reactive oxygen species and enhance electrocatalytic degradation of pollutants. I will investigate for the first time the electrolysis reactions at 3D electrochemically polarized RGO-coated material, which offers high catalytic activity and high surface area available for electrolysis. This breakthrough approach in electrochemical reactor design is expected to greatly enhance the current efficiency and achieve complete removal of persistent contaminants and pathogens from water without using any chemicals, just by applying the current. Also, high capacitance of RGO-based material can enable further energy savings and allow using intermittent energy sources such as photovoltaic panels. These features make 3D nanoelectrochemical systems particularly interesting for distributed, small-scale applications. This project will aim at: i) designing the optimum RGO-based material for specific treatment goals, ii) mechanistic understanding of (electro)catalysis and (electro)sorption of persistent pollutants at RGO and electrochemically polarized RGO, iii) understanding the role of inorganic and organic matrix and recognizing potential process limitations, and iv) developing tailored, adaptable solutions for the treatment of contaminated water.
Are you the coordinator (or a participant) of this project? Plaese send me more information about the "ELECTRON4WATER" project.
For instance: the website url (it has not provided by EU-opendata yet), the logo, a more detailed description of the project (in plain text as a rtf file or a word file), some pictures (as picture files, not embedded into any word file), twitter account, linkedin page, etc.
Send me an email (email@example.com) and I put them in your project's page as son as possible.
Thanks. And then put a link of this page into your project's website.
The information about "ELECTRON4WATER" are provided by the European Opendata Portal: CORDIS opendata. | <urn:uuid:e1356dca-6d20-4193-a3a4-409386ff7cce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fabiodisconzi.com/open-h2020/projects/206054/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.847988 | 824 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The Open Data Leaders Network brings together leaders of government open data initiatives around the world.
These open data leaders:
work within government on implementing open data initiatives
have innovative ideas about the future of open data and government
would benefit from being connected with peers from around the world, and make positive and supportive contributions to the community
Hear first-hand from our participants what it takes to be an open data leader in our 3-minute video:
More information on the network:
The network offers a space for sharing knowledge and ideas, discussing common challenges, best practices and learning from peers. It is supported by the International Development Research Centre as part of the OD4D network and the European Commission. Our first cohort launched in February 2015 with participants from countries including the UK, Chile, Morocco, and Macedonia – each responsible for the implementation of their government’s open data initiatives.
A further set of open data leaders attended the second cohort of the network in July 2015. This group featured individuals from a diverse range of national, sub-national and city-wide roles including representatives from Buenos Aires to New Zealand.
The week-long ODLN programme brings participants to the ODI’s London offices to engage with our world-class trainers and resources. While here, leaders also encounter other members of the global open data community including the Centre for Public Impact at the Boston Consulting Group, UK Transparency Board member Andrew Stott, and entrepreneurs in the ODI’s own Startup programme.
Future cohorts of the Open Data Leaders Network will take place in London during 2016. To find out more, please contact [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:516f1fcb-3369-4815-b64f-1751b2be885c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theodi.org/open-data-leaders-network | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00058-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906851 | 333 | 1.75 | 2 |
Latino Labor Report, 2008: Construction Reverses Job Growth for Latinos
VII. Jobs Lost and Gained by Industry, 2006 and 2007
Changes in employment by industry reveal the full impact of the slump in construction in 2007. The industry was the principal source of job loss for both Hispanic and non-Hispanic workers. However, the impact was felt harder by Latinos because of their greater reliance on construction as a source of employment. The service sector—in particular, professional and other business services, health services, and hospitality services—was the main source of new jobs for all workers.
Job Losses by Industry
Job losses in construction were the headline event for Latinos. Construction alone accounted for 54.2% of the 456,000 total jobs that were lost by Latinos across six industries. For non-Latinos, construction accounted for 39.4% of a total of 1.2 million jobs lost across a total of nine industries.
The construction industry shed 703,000 workers from the first quarter of 2007 to the first quarter of 2008; 247,000 of those workers were Hispanic and 456,000 were non-Hispanic (Table 8). In percentage terms, the loss was greater for Hispanics—8.3%, compared with a 5.3% decline for non-Hispanics.
The other leading sources of job losses for Hispanics were eating, drinking and lodging services and publishing, broadcasting, communication and information services. The former is one of the major employers of Hispanics—about 2 million jobs in the first quarter of 2007. However, by the first quarter of 2008 eating, drinking and lodging services employed 84,000 fewer Latino workers.
The publishing, broadcasting, communication and information services industry does not employ many Latinos—382,000 in the first quarter of 2007—but it accounted for a loss of 53,000 jobs during 2007. This industry was also the second leading cause of lost jobs for non-Hispanics as they found 222,000 fewer opportunities in the industry in 2007. Non-Hispanics also lost 147,000 jobs in the finance, insurance and real estate industry.
In addition to the three industries noted above, Latino employment declined modestly in nondurable goods manufacturing, social services, and personal and laundry services.1
Job Gains by Industry
Professional and other business services, which range from management and technical services to janitorial, landscaping and waste management services, were the main source of new jobs for Latinos in 2007. They gained 203,000 jobs in that industry. Latinos also found 170,000 new jobs in hospital and other health services.2 Repair and maintenance services also added Latino workers in 2007.
The mainstay of jobs growth for non-Hispanics was the eating, drinking and lodging services industry. Notably, this industry was the second leading source of job losses for Latinos in 2007. Non-Hispanics also benefited from growth in hospital and other health services and in transportation and warehousing.
Job Losses and Gains for Foreign-Born Hispanics
Most of the jobs lost by Hispanics in the construction industry in 2007 were jobs held by immigrants. As noted above, Hispanics lost 247,000 jobs in the construction industry from the first quarter of 2007 to the first quarter of 2008. That included 221,000 immigrants, 152,000 Mexican-born workers and 69,000 immigrants who arrived in 2000 or later (Tables 9 and 10).
Employment losses for Hispanics in eating, drinking and lodging services were borne by immigrant workers as well. However, job losses by Latinos in publishing, broadcasting, communication and information services fell upon native-born workers (Table 9).
Employment gains in professional and other business services were shared by foreign-born and native-born Latinos. Among the foreign-born, most of those jobs went to immigrants from Mexico and newly arrived immigrants (Table 10). But while immigrants benefited from new jobs in hospital and other health services, most new job opportunities for native-born Latinos were in educational services.
Employment in the Construction Industry, 2006 to 2008
A slightly extended review of developments in the construction industry shows the full range of the downturn’s impact in 2007. In total, the construction industry eliminated more jobs in 2007 than it added in 2006. Thus, the industry employed fewer workers in the first quarter of 2008 than it did in the first quarter of 2006.
From the first quarter of 2006 to the first quarter of 2007, the construction industry added 510,000 jobs. That happened despite a slowdown in new home building. It appeared that nonresidential construction was making up for the slump in housing (Associated General Contractors of America, 2006). The full impact of the ongoing downturn in construction was felt in 2007 as the industry let go of 703,000 workers.3
The construction retrenchment in 2007 affected workers of all stripes. Hispanics gave back 247,000 of the 297,000 jobs gained in 2006. The reversal for foreign-born Latinos was complete—the 203,000 construction jobs acquired in 2006 were more than lost in 2007. Similarly, non-Hispanics lost 456,000 jobs after gaining 213,000 jobs in 2006.
- In addition to the three industries noted in Table 8, non-Hispanics lost jobs in agriculture, durable goods manufacturing, nondurable goods manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, educational services and social services. ↩
- Hospital and other health services include residential care, child day care services and other social assistance services. ↩
- Payroll data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show a loss in nonresidential construction jobs between March 2007 and March 2008. It is not feasible to distinguish between residential and nonresidential construction jobs in the Current Population Survey. ↩ | <urn:uuid:2a5418d4-48b7-4c2b-8b17-8a8a383f64ce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pewhispanic.org/2008/06/04/vi-jobs-lost-and-gained-by-industry-2006-and-2007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00476-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96691 | 1,167 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Would a resort consider a Certified Laughter Yoga Teacher to teach classes for a week's stay?
Laughter Yoga is a health enhancing exercise employing laughter for no reason other than improving health and having fun. It uses deep breathing exercise and laughter to reduce tension. It is appropriate for children and adults, and both can do this at the same time! No equipment is needed. This exercise is enjoyed by millions of people in over 65 countries. | <urn:uuid:17b829d4-e4fa-47c9-aaaa-d2c02b3630a0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ideafit.com/answers/would-a-resort-consider-a-certified-laughter-yoga-teacher-to-teach-classes-for-a-week39s-stay | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00465-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970156 | 88 | 1.585938 | 2 |
WASHINGTON – Two major studies have found that multivitamins don't seem to protect aging men's brains or prevent further heart disease among people who have already had a heart attack.
The studies released Monday in the Annals of Internal Medicine are the latest to test if the popular supplements might go that extra step and concluded they don't.
"People over time and particularly people in the United States have been led to believe that vitamin and mineral supplements will make them healthier, and they're looking for a magic pill," journal deputy editor Dr. Cynthia Mulrow told Reuters.
Millions of Americans spend billions of dollars on vitamin combinations, presumably to boost their health and fill gaps in their diets. But while people who don't eat enough of certain nutrients may be urged to get them in pill form, the government doesn't recommend routine vitamin supplementation as a way to prevent chronic diseases.
"Evidence is sufficient to advise against routine supplementation," said a sharply worded editorial that accompanied Monday's findings in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine.
After all, according to Mulrow, most people who buy multivitamins and other supplements are generally healthy. Even junk foods often are fortified with vitamins, while the main nutrition problem in the U.S. is too much fat and calories, she added.
"People...should be active, should not (overeat), should avoid excessive alcohol and should not be spending money on these pills, these vitamins and minerals," she told Reuters.
To study the effect of vitamins on thinking and memory skills, researchers randomly assigned about 6,000 older male doctors to take either a multivitamin or vitamin-free placebo, giving the men up to four memory tests over the next 12 years, according to Reuters.
Researchers found no cognitive differences between the vitamin and placebo groups and scores on memory tests did not drop any faster among men in one group versus the other, according to the report.
The second study, which used a similar method and involved 1,700 participants, found that 27 percent of people taking vitamins died or had another heart attack or other cardiovascular problem, compared to 30 percent of participants taking placebos.
But other researchers say the jury's still out, especially for the country's most commonly used dietary supplement — multivitamins that are taken by about a third of U.S. adults, and even more by people over the age of 50.
Indeed, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force is deliberating whether vitamin supplements make any difference in the average person's risk of heart disease or cancer. In a draft proposal last month, the government advisory group said for standard multivitamins and certain other nutrients, there's not enough evidence to tell. (It did caution that two single supplements, beta-carotene and vitamin E, didn't work). A final decision is expected next year.
"For better or for worse, supplementation's not going to go away," said Dr. Howard Sesso of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He helps leads a large multivitamin study that has had mixed results — suggesting small benefits for some health conditions but not others — and says more research is needed, especially among the less healthy.
Still, "there's no substitute for preaching a healthy diet and good behaviors" such as exercise, Sesso cautioned.
The Associated Press contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:819da927-fa72-4f3a-8472-f6ac313bd0e4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.foxnews.com/health/2013/12/17/multivitamins-not-linked-to-memory-or-heart-benefits-studies-find.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00261-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958424 | 687 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Five Life Histories
Personal experiences and historical events are recalled by five individuals of diverse backgrounds. June 1983, 279 pages, 1 volume, photographs.
I‘i/Brown Family: Oral Histories
Members of the I‘i/Brown family discuss social/historical changes observed at the family property at Waipi‘o, O‘ahu, as well as their early childhood, schooling, family relationships, ethnic identity, work history, daily life, and activities. March 1999, 162 pages, 1 volume, photographs.
An Oral History of Robert Richards Midkiff
Business leader and community builder Robert Richards Midkiff talks about his family, education, military service, business career, and community work. Appended to his interview transcript are copies of selected speeches and an article. July 2001, 99 pages, addenda, 1 volume, photograph.
An Oral History of Sidney Kosasa
Entrepreneur Sidney Kosasa, founder of ABC Stores, recalls his family, education, internment camp experience, pharmacy career, and drug and sundries retail businesses. February 2004, 123 pages, 1 volume, photograph. | <urn:uuid:9f40b59a-4d9b-4bb5-b421-376e6a99bf27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ethnicstudies.manoa.hawaii.edu/center-for-oral-history/individual-lives/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.941476 | 233 | 2.296875 | 2 |
CMT markalı, ürün kodu WTK-CT-80001 olan CMT WTK-CT-80001 Marine Potable Water ürününün fiyat ve detaylarını aşağıda inceleyebilirsiniz. Teklif almak için online teklif formunu doldurunuz.
Detaylı Bilgi - CMT WTK-CT-80001 Marine Potable Water Marine Potable Water
Improperly managed Potable water is an established route for infectious disease transmission onboard!
You may now think yourself being on the safe side as onboard your vessel only bottled water is used for drinking but what about the water used for personal hygiene? What about the water used for food preparation, the water used to clean the surfaces you come in contact daily? All of it needs to be of such high quality that transmission of diseases is prevented and it needs to be available in such quantities that all types of useage can be covered.
The \"Guide to Ship Sanitation\" issued by the WHO mentions the following hazardous elements roughly divided into two groups:
Microbes that cause infectious disease or food poisoning, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites
Organic and inorganic substances that may cause health hazards, such as substances that can cause acute poisoning, substances that accumulate in the human organisms causing health hazards, carcinogenic compounds and/or allergenic substances
International regulations regarding the Potable Water Quality Monitoring and Control were driven by the World Health Organization (WHO) via its International Health Regulations (IHR). Soon enough adapted for on-board potable water, as part of the overall Ship Sanitation Certificate. Current International Health Regulations (2005) and ILO 178 (2009) apply to all countries/flag states that have ratified to them. The ILO Maritime Labour Convention, (MLC 2006) does apply to all seagoing vessels. Monitoring and control compliance procedures are laid out in the Guide for Ship Sanitation detailing:
the systems that require monitoring,
the method and frequency of monitoring
the record keeping requirements
The draft guidelines were created in close collaboration with the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). Alongside SOLAS, MARPOL and the STCW Convention the MLC 2006 has been introduced as the fourth pillar of the regulatory regime of IMO. It will require an MLC 2006 certificate. Simple regular assessment and testing of the potable water system for microbiological activity, biocide (disinfection control) and implementing a correct control scheme (i.e. temperature monitoring), will ultimately reduce the risk of a disease and save lives.
According to ILO MLC (2006), IHR (2005) and ILO 178 (2009) a qualified person is required onboard the vessel or rig to perform the test.CMT does provide a complete training for Marine Portable Water to ensure understanding the legislation and performing all test according the legislations. At the end of the training each attendee will get a certificate proving the respective qualification. | <urn:uuid:4ec04169-b95f-4831-863f-24c4b5e01e29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.im-tek.com.tr/tr-tr/product/cmt-wtk-ct-80001-marine-potable-water-7684507 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.924494 | 641 | 2.375 | 2 |
A fortune lost
we were going to take our chance with the traffic bound for Las Vegas. After
breakfast we left the hotel and drove north along Vermont Avenue, but for once
our faithful Rand McNally Raod Map let us down, as it guided us into Griffith Park,
with no way to get out, but turning back, so we did. After some time we managed
to get to I-5, which we followed to California 134. Unfortunately we made a
wrong turn somewhere and ended up going in the wrong direction on the freeway,
but with a few more detours, we finally reached I-15, and went in direction of
Las Vegas. Going through Los Angeles and suburbs we had been in heavy traffick,
but when we got to the interstate it eased up. All this had taken quite a while,
so when we reached Victorville it was already time for lunch, which was a snack
at a gas station. Around 20 miles before Barstow traffice started to slow down,
and we drove slower and slower until we finally came to a halt 15 miles south of
Barstow. Here we waited for the next 90 minutes without moving an inch.
The traffic jam was because of
an acciddent some ten miles further ahead, and when that was cleared, we could
continue to Barstow. After Barstown we left the interstate to visit Calico Ghost
Town, together with a bunch of other tourists.
The town is a former mining town that was founded in 1881 when silver was
in the area. In 1887 there were around 500 silver mines in the area and
the town had 1,200 inhabitants, a china town and a "red light district." The
area was one of the richest in California, although it was the middle of the
Mojave Desert. When no more silver were to be mined, and other minerals,
primarily borax, ran low as well, the town was almost abandoned. Today there are only
9 permanent residents in the "town". In the mining period, silver for about $ 86 million
borax for $ 45 million were mined in the area. The largest
silver mines was Silver King, Odessa, Waterloo, Garfield, Oriental, Bismarck and
Maggie. Maggie Silvermine is open to visitors. These and other rich silver mines
pierced the mountains around the city in their search for silver, and today
there are more
than 30 miles of galleries in the mountains.
We walked around and
looked at the buildings, but avoided most of the souvenir shops! Dorte was so impressed by
Hank's Hotel, that a picture of it is still hanging in the living room at home. Before we left town again, we took a trip with a small converted
mine train, which now takes tourists around the area. Among other things we
were shown the entrance to the Silver King Mine, which still has silver in it
for an estimated value of $ 6 million. Unfortunately it will cost about $ 10 million to
mine it, so until the price of silver goes up, it's just waiting.
From the town we continued on the Interstate 15 into the Mojave desert heading
for Las Vegas. At this time we experienced the highest temperature of the whole
in the shade. We later learned that in the sun the temperature would be running
close to 140 and that the asphalt in the roads can get up to 195. At this temperature you can actually fry an egg on the hood of your car or on the road.
We didn't try though, but continued to Las Vegas only interrupted by a short
biological break, when we passed the Nevada border.
Around 5 pm, we reached out hotel, the Las Vegas Hilton on Paradise Road. And then
our problems albeit of the amusing kind began. As we entered the parking lot, we saw a sign, or rather two signs. The one
pointed to Valet Parking and the second was to Self Parking. We thought we would be able to
park our car ourselves, so we continued to Self Parking, and also found an empty
space, only a little away from the entrance to the hotel. We left our luggage in
the car and walked to the hotel to check-in. Inside the entrance was a hall
with shops on both sides, but no reception desk, so we walked down the corridor that
led from this hall. Again there was shops and restaurants, and we started talking about
where the reception was. This conversation was overheard by some other Danes who
were going in the opposite direction, and they asked us if we had problems.
Dorte told them, that we were looking for "our hotel". They however
understood it literally, and
asked which hotel we were staying at, and when we replied that we would stay at
the Hilton, they assured us that this really was the Hilton. We then had to
explain that it was actually the hotel lobby we were looking for. Then they
explained that the easiest way would be to leave again, get our car and drive to Valet Parking.
We did as told, and had no problem locating the lobby, after the valet had
driven away in our car!
We got a room on the 14th floor with a fine view over the city. In the room we relaxed
for an hour or two, bathed and dressed and went then down
to locate one of 14 restaurants on the premises, where we could have dinner. We
decided on a Mexican restaurant. Before dinner we ordered a couple of
margaritas, and that we got. They were so big, that it was all we drank during
the whole meal. When we were done eating, we went outside the hotel and took the
monorail to the MGM Grand Terminal. At MGM we walked around in this vast hotel where they also kept lions
at the time. From MGM we walked along The Strip back to our hotel. The temperature
was still above 85 at 9.30 pm, and our shoes were not exactly meant for walking,
so our feet
gradually became a little sore. But we enjoyed the many casinos and the
many people. It was Saturday and Independence
Day Weekend, so there were a lot.
We walked for a little more
than two hours
and we were somewhat tired and hot when we got back to the Hilton. We agreed on
tgrying our luck in the casino, but as none of us are big gamblers we decided on
spending only $ 50 each. This amount lastet for about 50 minutes, then we we were bankrupt. We took a drink at
the bar, and brought it to our room, an experience richer - and $ 100 poorer -
The big surprise in Las Vegas was actually the evening temperature, that was
much higher, than I had expected in the desert.
- Return to Surprise Trip - | <urn:uuid:39b5ec4e-8acf-4728-9a5e-6d53caf94b9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kronsell.net/a_fortune_lost.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.977025 | 1,468 | 1.5 | 2 |
Life often gives lessons to people with high self-esteem and contempt for others. Therefore, it is not necessary to arrogantly judge those who are nearby, without knowing their life and soul. A family of farmers has lived in distant Australia for many years. The couple Martin and Olivia had two sons, but they are rarely seen with their parents. More often there are grandchildren who are looking with interest at the large household of their grandparents.
But they are still too young to learn the details of their grandfather’s life. Martin was born into a wealthy family. His mother was the daughter of a politician, and his father was the son of a respected doctor who decided to continue the dynasty. The marriage was arranged both for convenience (both families were rich) and for love, because a sincere feeling broke out between the guy and the girl. The first to be born was the elder sister of Martin. The children’s interests were completely different.
Daniela immediately decided to follow in her father’s footsteps, seeing this as a career opportunity. The boy has been special since childhood. He said that he dreams of eating what he will grow on the ground himself. The parents were very surprised, but did not prevent the boy. And he was happy to learn from his grandparents how to cultivate the land. The boy’s family became more and more well-off. And one day their father was offered a unique job in a huge medical center in Europe.
Under a long-term contract, social security and salary were offered at the highest level. The family decided to sell everything and move to another country. The boy cried and asked to be left with his grandparents. And he also asked to leave him a piece of land. While his family was settling in a foreign country, Martin began farming. Already at the age of 14, he received his first harvest. At the age of 16, he dropped out of school so as not to waste time on everything that interferes with work.
His parents were in shock and begged him on the phone to give up the crazy idea. Martin received support only from his grandfather. He gave him money for seeds, seedlings and equipment. After 3 years, the guy was not only able to return the money to his grandfather, but also built a new house on his plot. A year later, he looked after the girl next door and asked her to become his wife. The guy immediately told Olivia that he does not use the money of his rich family, but earns everything himself. The young wife did not object.
On the contrary, her respect for her husband only increased. After the death of his grandparents, Martin inherited all their property. He invested money in the development of the economy, and gave a huge house to his cousins. Having increased the volume of land, the man expanded his business so much that he began to ship products all over the country. There was already a lot of money in his account, but Martin always led a modest lifestyle: he just dressed, did not buy luxury items or jewelry.
The wife kept the house herself and managed to help her husband in the field. She also remained a very simple person. Martin’s two sons were more attracted to the city. They studied there first at school, then at the best universities. The village was visited only occasionally. But one day the elder Jack arrived very excited. He told his father that his aunt Daniela had called him, she said that their grandmother, Martin’s mother, was in a very serious condition and wanted to see her son before his death. Martin was terribly upset.
He also understood that it was necessary to fly by plane, but he was terribly afraid of it. The man asked someone from his family to fly with him. But the spouse could not leave the household, and the sons were busy at work and could not leave the country for a long time. They really asked their father to buy decent clothes for the trip, but he replied that they were clean and that was enough. Before boarding, almost all the passengers looked askance at Martin, he was dressed like a typical Australian farmer at work: in shabby jeans, a shirt rolled up to the elbow and a hat.
When he entered the rich salon in his light flip-flops, by the way, there was only a free ticket to business class, many rich people began to laugh. In a loud voice, someone said that the man got off the donkey for the first time. Others “encouraged” that even if all the clocks in the salon were to fail, this tramp would be able to tell them everything by the sun. Everyone saw that the old peasant was on the plane for the first time and laughed at him. But no one could have imagined that the unexpected would happen soon.
Instead of 14 hours of flight, the plane flew only 5, and suddenly the engine began to fail. By a lucky chance, the pilots managed to crash-land the liner. But it happened in the middle of the jungle. The crew commander was able to transmit the coordinates. Apart from him, only Martin and a few other people were conscious at first. The two of them began to bring people to their senses and pull them out of the plane.
The pilot said that the plane began to burn and the flames would sooner or later reach the gas tanks. Until then, we need to try to save people. Men began to be helped by recovering people. After a while, everyone was evacuated. People moved to a safe distance. The stewardess, who mocked Martin more than others, wanted to kneel in front of him, but the man did not allow it. Apologies and frustrated exclamations came from all sides.
No one, not even the pilots, knew what to eat in the jungle. And there was no help yet. Martin knew all the plants almost by touch. He explained to people what to eat and what not to eat, what water to drink and how to sleep safely in the jungle, he knew all this because of his hobbies with plants and a lot of books about survival that he liked to read at his leisure. Everyone felt terribly ashamed that they were being saved by the person they were laughing at. Help appeared only a couple of days later, without Martin, all the people on his flight would have had a hard time.
A day after the rescue from the jungle, all the Passengers, including Martin, were sent along the route on a specially allocated plane. It was very scary for everyone to get on the plane again. The peasant tried to cheer people up as best he could, and joked about his fears. Somehow it became easier for everyone. And, fortunately, this flight reached its destination without incident. His mother had aged and felt very ill.
But the arrival of her son affected her so positively that after 2 days she suddenly got out of bed. “You know, son, people should end their days at home,” said the mother, seeing Martin off, “we will be returning soon. I knew it when I saw you. You need to be close to your relatives and the graves of your ancestors.” The son was terribly glad that his mother got better and his parents would return. He said that he would definitely help them settle down where they were born and grew up.
When Martin returned to Australia, he was surprised to see a crowd of people meeting their plane. He was greeted as a real hero, it didn’t matter to everyone what a man looked like, since people knew what kind of person was really hiding behind this nondescript appearance. Martin returned to his work on the farm. The land was for him not only a means of making money, but also a real breadwinner.
He and his wife really hoped that one of their grandchildren would follow in their footsteps and become a farmer. The incident with the farmer on board the plane has become a lesson to those who are used to dividing people by social significance, nationality, religion or any other attribute. You should not humiliate someone who seems to you less educated or rich. Life can painfully punish arrogance and teach you to appreciate everyone. | <urn:uuid:2ff037da-7d62-4208-8813-f8ad65c280fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://timearmenia.com/archives/418 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.995345 | 1,673 | 1.828125 | 2 |
The historic Kelso Depot lunch counter remains idle way out in the Mojave National Preserve in the High Desert of San Bernardino County.
No one successfully bid for the contract during the yearlong, open-solicitation period before personable Mike Williams retired in October 2013. The lunch counter has been idle ever since. The depot remains open as the primary visitor center for the Mojave National Preserve.
The depot cafe, known as The Beanery Lunch Counter during Williams’ operation, is a familiar roadside attraction to desert wanderers and Inland-area travelers seeking a back-road dodge of too-often congested Interstate 15 to Las Vegas.
The retired union plumber commuted from Yucca Valley to man the cafe that is within view of the stunning Kelso Dunes and 30 miles southeast of Baker. He often stayed overnight in his camper. He bought supplies in Yucca Valley and the Palm Springs area on the two midweek days he closed, meaning he worked every day.
The 1920s-era depot once was a popular stopping point for steam engine-pulled passenger trains. It was refurbished and reopened by the park service as a visitor center about nine years ago.
Yucca Valley is a 112-mile drive away from the depot. The drive to Las Vegas is 89 miles.
I, like many of my of my Hemet and Coachella Valley friends, cruise through Twentynine Palms, Amboy and on Kelbaker Road to Kelso when driving to Las Vegas. I do what I can to avoid busy Interstate 15.
Like others, I’m disappointed that no one took over the contract after Williams justifiably retired to travel with his, bride, Marilyn, who pitched in at the cafe a few days a week.
For now, people sit at the classic cafe counter with no one to serve them. They eat food they bring and snacks they buy at the depot book store.
“People ask what happened to the food,” said Rana Knighten, a park guide for the Mojave National Preserve. “Mike was a great guy. He loved to talk to people from all over the world.”
She said tour buses carry lunches so passengers can experience eating at the counter in the out-of-business cafe.
San Francisco-based Sue Eibeck, a concessions management specialist for the Pacific-West regional office of the National Park Service, said agency officials would love to see a viable cafe operation in Kelso again, but the isolation presents obstacles. Another open bidding period would have to be organized.
She said National Park Service officials first would have to study the cafe to make sure it would be practical to run and operate before soliciting bids.
Information about National Park Service concessions is available at http://www.nps.gov/commercialservices/ on the web.
She said no one took on the challenge when Williams retired in the fall of 2013. “In a perfect world, someone would have taken over the next day,” she said. “Ever since, we’ve been considering options. It has it’s challenges. It’s tough.” | <urn:uuid:5024f07f-f1c3-4ecd-ba33-289dd0be8b3f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pe.com/articles/cafe-763553-depot-national.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00377-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962823 | 659 | 1.882813 | 2 |
If you’re questioning which usually antivirus with regards to Windows 10 works best, you will have come to the right place. This article will cover the very best options, along with which features you should look for in a good ant-virus. We’ll likewise cover some of the more popular anti virus programs readily available. These will be great for residence and organization users similarly. However , ahead of we dive in, it’s important to understand that different types of reliability programs will vary levels of cover. For example , the best antivirus for Windows 15 may not will include a firewall. A VPN is additionally an option, but it could not necessary to have this.
The very best antivirus for Glass windows 10 application will offer the greatest level of security for the cost. The most expensive ideas may not offer the best safeguards, but which mean you must ignore the absolutely free options. Evaluate price and value, and contact the AV-TEST Start to validate the quality of every antivirus method. If you have any kind of questions, get in touch with their customer care. They are thrilled to answer your questions. While choosing the best anti virus for Home windows 10 application, don’t forget to see the manufacturer’s instructions.
Avira’s anti-virus https://avgantivirusreview.com/remove-avg-antivirus-through-the-control-panel application for Home windows 10 may be less also suitable for Windows users, but its award-winning protection is one of its key retailing points. They have earned the “Top Product” seal of approval from AV-Test and has huge consumer rankings. Avira presents several plans, each based on a features and pricing. You can choose from a free variety or a subscription, and swap between these kinds of packages as your needs adjust. | <urn:uuid:9727dbde-149c-4532-8401-b9b3384daedf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.belimal.tk/very-best-antivirus-for-the-purpose-of-windows-twelve/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.946331 | 384 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Many of us use our commonsense after investing rather than before investing. Hence, thought to share some tips on commonsense before investing!!
We hear a lot of miss-selling but we never accept the truth that it happened mainly because of our ignorance. Wherever we trusted blindly or ignored, such bad investments happened in our life.
Commonsense BEFORE investing!!
Let me list the commonsense tips which you can utilize before jumping into investment. I am sure that this list is not the END. However, at least a great beginning.
# Check the seller is authorized or not – A person who is selling you some product or service related to investment, must be authorized to do so under the various regulations like IRDA, RBI, or SEBI. Hence, cross-check whether the person has a proper license to sell his service or products.
I am not saying that all authorized persons will sell you the right product or advice. But this should be your first screening.
# Check the product approval – The next checklist is to verify whether the product you are buying is approved by the regulator or not. It may be mutual funds, NCDs, FDs, or Life Insurance. In the same way, there may be certain products that are not approved like bitcoin. In the same way, lending someone blindly without any proper valid reason may bring you into a trap of trouble (like lending to a builder).
# Product feature – The next step is to understand the product or service. Try to ask the question as if you are a 6 Yrs old kid and not understanding the product fully. Accept the reality that you are ILLITERATE and list your questions like is it insurance or investment, the complexity of the product, lock-in of the product, why he is referring or suggesting you this product, the reasons shared are valid and suitable to your requirements or not, risk-reward, are there any withdrawal penalties and how easily I can come out from the investment without any hassle are the few of the questions you can ask yourself.
This is the most important aspect of any investment. Act like a child or illiterate while going through this process. Never heed anything which is usually orally communicated. Instead, make sure that whatever they are claiming is all part of the product declaration.
# Stay away if someone SELLING by claiming TAX BENEFIT, TAX FREE, GUARANTEED or SAFETY like FD
Yes, while selling something, if someone is using these terms, then that person or product is a red flag for you. It means they are hiding the real features of the product and highlighting these eye-catching words to sell. Hence, always stay away from such people.
# Learn and Explain your kid – If you are able to understand the product fully and can easily make your kid understand what product or service you are buying or investing, then it is a sign that you understood the product to a certain extent. Hence, understanding any product or service to the kid level is very much important.
I hope these many are sufficient for the day to digest. I too don’t have the strength to write as since 14 days our whole family reeling under Covid and I was discharged from hospital 3 days back. We are recovering but it takes time. Be safe and be inside the home with family!!
Recent Posts :- | <urn:uuid:0d15fd2c-9323-47c7-881c-e0024968dc52> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.finlage.in/blog/commonsense-before-investing/bid-3866 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.95434 | 687 | 2.125 | 2 |
Hi Steve Eddy,
I like the buffer circuit. I wonder why it needs +/-10 and +/-20 volts. Could it be converted to only higher voltage supply with just two more resistors? I am no expert, but some here could have a look at it and tell me.
I can not even begin to believe something like this could be accomplished in today's corporate environment. I feel good that the generation I am from was the same as this group. We need more ideas like this. People actually gave of themselves to make this happen. Not just a bunch of emails and promises.
I wonder how many of the original units are still usable today?
Thanks for digging this article up and sharing.
I would not consider the BA to be an audiophile amp by today's standards! not by any means. but as a piece of history it is very cool! the back story on it alone makes it ultra cool! and it is very serviceable. well built. replace the capacitors in it and it should last a very long time. this would make an ultra cool shop bench amp kind of thing.
I work for Hewlett-Packard and I remember when those amplifiers were built. Not a well advertised effort, more of a skunk works project by the HP Labs folks in Building 20 on Page Mill Rd in Palo Alto, CA. Barney Oliver was a frickin genius. I saw one of those amps about 20 years ago.
I have a working Barney Oliver amp for sale. My father (just moved into assisted living at 86) was a project manager for HP at building #1. write to me with an offer if you are interested at [email protected]. The amp is in Redding, CA.
So is the laws of Physics flawed by modern day standards than 45 some years ago? Components only became better and more consistent. Just image what that design would be like using modern components.
I must admit that HP (and some of the other technology leading companies) employed amongst the most brilliant and innovative engineers and scientists I ever met.
Even by today's standards these designs meet or exceed any expectation and the audiophile jargon and hype was not in the engineering vocabulary of the time, only facts obtained from research and measurement.
Every parameter was not only fully understood but manually performed on an HP35 scientific calculator, another innovative idea of the time.
Just think of it, linear "audio" wide band amplifiers were designed for those days function generators that operated from 1 mHz to several MHz, produced almost any arbitrary waveform at the lowest measurable (not predicted) distortion and ultra flat response.
An FFT of a frequency sweep was done manually and could take several hours to perform. Audio is a really a walk in the park in comparison.
There existed no internet to crib someone else work from or copy and paste function to take several cribbed schematics and merge it into one or simulators that instantaneously and on the fly produced results from several stepped component values.
Designers had to actually know what they were doing - everything was original - and it took months not minutes. PCBs were designed having the net-list in your head using a light box, opaque paper, rubberized tape, stencils, etc.
Don't underestimate the designers of the past, some are still around and remain as brilliant regardless being considered Neanderthal by today's audiophiles. | <urn:uuid:c35468b9-d16f-4c02-926e-d7698d63a719> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.diyaudio.com/community/threads/barney-oliver-amplifier-hp-team-produces-superb-stereo-units-sorry-all-sold-out.179779/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.97493 | 699 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Mengapa harus ASI ?Juni 15, 2008 pukul 6:50 am | Ditulis dalam ASI (Air Susu Ibu) | 2 Komentar
Inilah 102 alasan agar ibu memberikan ASI kepada buah hatinya..
- Breast milk is more digestible than formula
“In recent years nutritionists have voiced concern about overly high levels of protein in the American diet. Since cow’s milk contains about twice as much protein as human milk, formula-fed babies usually receive more protein than they need (much of it in the form of the less digestible casein). The stools of formula-fed babies are so bulky because the babies cannot absorb so much protein, and excrete the excess in their stool, whereas breast-fed babies absorb virtually 100% of the protein in human milk.”
- Not breastfeeding increases mother’s risk of breast cancer
Many studies have shown that women who breastfeed have lower risks of developing breast cancer. Recently, data from 47 studies in 30 countries was re-examined. The study group concluded that the incidence of breast cancer in developed countries could be reduced by more than half if women had the number of births and lifetime duration of breastfeeding that have been common in developing countries until recently. According to the analysis, breastfeeding could account for almost two-thirds of this estimated reduction in breast cancer incidence.
- Baby’s suckling helps shrink mother’s uterus after childbirth
The uterus of the non-breastfeeding mother will never shrink back to its pre-pregnant size. It will always remain slightly enlarged.
“Nursing will help you to regain your figure more quickly, since the process of lactation causes the uterus (which has increased during pregnancy to about 20 times its normal size) to shrink more quickly to its pre-pregnancy size. ”
- Formula feeding increases baby girls’ risk of developing breast cancer in later life
Women who were formula-fed as infants have higher rates of breast cancer as adults. For both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer, women who were breastfed as children, even if only for a short time, had a 25% lower risk of developing breast cancer than women who were bottle-fed as infants.
- Formula Feeding is associated with lower I.Q.
Human breast milk enhances brain development and improves cognitive development in ways that formula cannot. One study has found that the average I.Q. of 7 and 8 year old children who had been breastfed as babies was 10 points higher than their bottle fed peers. All of the children involved had been born prematurely and tube fed the human milk, indicating that the milk itself, not the act of breastfeeding, caused this difference in I.Q. level. Another study to support this statement was done in New Zealand. Here an 18 year longitudinal study of over 1,000 children found that those who were breastfed as infants had both higher intelligence and greater academic achievement than children who were infant-formula fed.
- Breast milk is always ready and comes in a nicer package than formula does
Need we say more?
- Breast milk helps pass meconium
Babies are born with a sticky tar-like substance called meconium in their intestines. Colostrum, or early milk, is uniquely designed to help move this substance through the infant’s body.
- Breast milk contains immunities to diseases and aids in the development of baby’s immune system.
Formula provides neither of these benefits. “Breastfed babies have fewer illnesses because human milk transfers to the infant a mother’s antibodies to disease. About 80% of the cells in breast milk are macrophages, cells that kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Breastfed babies are protected in varying degrees from a number of illnesses including, pneumonia, botulism, bronchitis, staphylococcal infections, influenza, ear infections, and German measles. Furthermore, mothers produce antibodies to what ever disease is present in their environment, making their milk custom-designed to fight diseases their babies are exposed to as well.”
- Breastfeeding satisfies baby’s emotional needs and increases bonding between mother and baby
All babies need to be held. There is no more comforting feeling for an infant of any age than being held close and cuddled while breastfeeding. In fact, studies have shown that premature babies are more likely to die if they are not held or stroked. Breastfeeding stimulates the release of the hormone oxytocin in the mother’s body. “It is now well established that oxytocin, as well as stimulating uterine contractions and milk ejection, promotes the development of maternal behavior and also bonding between mother and offspring.”
- Breast milk provides perfect infant nutrition
“Human milk is uniquely superior for infant feeding and is species-specific; all substitute feeding options differ markedly from it. The breastfed infant is the reference or normative model against which all alternative feeding methods must be measured with regard to growth, health, development, and all other short and long-term benefits.”
- Not breastfeeding increases mother’s risk of developing ovarian cancer
Based on the research, breastfeeding for a total of 12 to 24 months can reduce your risk of ovarian cancer by about one-third.
- Nursing helps mom lose weight after baby is born
Breastfeeding requires an average of 500 extra calories per day and breastfeeding mothers who eat a normal diet lose the extra weight they gained during pregnancy faster than moms who choose to bottle feed. In one study, mothers who breastfed exclusively or partially had significantly larger reductions in hip circumference and were less above their pre-pregnancy weights at 1 month postpartum than mothers who fed formula exclusively.
Other studies have also shown that women who were overweight when they began their pregnancies can safely get closer to their ideal weight by breastfeeding in conjunction with a moderate exercise program.
- Pre-term milk is specially designed for premature infants
“Milk produced by women who deliver prematurely differs from that produced after a full-term pregnancy. Specifically, during the first month after parturition, pre-term milk maintains a composition similar to that of colostrum..”
- The World Health Organization and UNICEF recommend it
“Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants; it is also an integral part of the reproductive process with important implications for the health of mothers. As a global public health recommendation, infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimal growth, development and health. There after, to meet their evolving nutritional requirements, infants should receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods while breastfeeding continues for up to two years of age or beyond. Exclusive breastfeeding from birth is possible except for a few medical conditions, and unrestricted exclusive breastfeeding results in ample milk production”.
- Breastfeeding protects against Crohn’s disease (intestinal disorder)
Crohn’s Disease is a chronic intestinal disorder. It is a form of inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation extending into the deeper layers of the intestinal wall. It is difficult to treat, but several studies have shown that breastfeeding may help babies avoid developing the disease in later life.
- Formula feeding increases risk of children developing diabetes
There are many studies linking development of insulin dependant Type I diabetes (formerly referred to as “juvenile diabetes”) to lack of breastfeeding. The results of a study from Finland suggest that the introduction of dairy products at an early age, and high milk consumption during childhood increase the level of cow’s milk antibodies in the children’s systems. This factor is associated with an increased risk of insulin dependent diabetes. Now a new study has indicated that breastfeeding in infancy may help reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes. This sort of diabetes was formerly referred to as “adult onset” diabetes, but has been mysteriously occurring in more and more youngsters.
- Breastfeeding baby helps decrease insulin requirements in diabetic mothers
Reduction in insulin dose postpartum was significantly greater in those who were breastfeeding than those who were bottle feeding
- Breastfeeding may help stabilize progress of maternal endometriosis
Endometriosis is a disease in which the endometrial tissue in a woman’s body begins to form in places other than her uterus, such as on her ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the outer surface of the uterus. This tissue continues to function like uterine tissue would in the uterus, and sheds once a month during the woman’s menstrual cycle. Since there is no vaginal outlet for this blood and tissue, painful complications, including sterility, may result. There is much clinical research showing that pregnancy temporarily stops the progress of this disease. Many women say that the disease also seems to be alleviated by breastfeeding. It certainly makes sense that the delay in the return of a woman’s menstrual cycle would be desirable in preventing the endometriosis from starting up again. Some women even claim a permanent cure.
- Baby’s suckling helps prevent post-partum hemorrhage in mother
Nursing her baby causes the mother’s body to release oxytocin, which stimulates contractions which help shrink the uterus back to pre-pregnancy size while expelling the placenta. These contractions also shut off the maternal blood vessels that formerly fed the baby and discourage excessive bleeding. Women who choose not to breastfeed must be given synthetic oxytocin to insure against hemorrhaging.
- Not breastfeeding increases mother’s risk of developing endometrial cancer
A World Health Organization study has shown that the longer a woman breastfeeds, the less likely she is to get endometrial cancer.
- Formula feeding increases chances of baby developing allergies
“Breastfed babies have fewer allergies than artificially fed babies. This is especially important if your family has a history of allergies. Many babies are allergic to cow’s milk formulas. Some babies are even allergic to soy formulas. Breastfeeding protects against other allergies, such as atopic eczema, food allergies, and respiratory allergies.”
- Breast milk lowers risk of baby developing asthma
A number of studies have linked lack of breastfeeding to asthma. According to one study, six year old children were more likely to have asthma if they had not been exclusively breastfed for at least 4 months.
- Formula feeding increases baby’s risk of otitis media (ear infections)
Research has shown that ear infections are up to 3-4 times more prevalent in formula-fed infants.
- Formula feeding may increase risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Sadly, as of now, researchers have not yet discovered any one factor to account for SIDS. However, there are a number of studies showing a possible link between lack of breastfeeding and SIDS. A Swedish study has found that babies who were breastfed exclusively for less than 8 weeks had a 3 – 5 times greater risk of dying from SIDS than babies who were breastfed exclusively for four months
- Breastfeeding protects baby against diarrheal infections
Numerous studies have shown that diarrheal infections are much more common in formula-fed babies. This is true throughout the world, despite a common misconception that only people living in areas with contaminated water need be concerned with this issue. Such infections are more likely to be fatal in developing nations, but all formula-fed infants are at greater risk than their breastfed peers.
- Breastfeeding protects baby against bacterial meningitis
Meningitis is an infection which causes the inflammation of the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by a type of bacteria called Hemophilus influenzae type b (HiB). Breastfeeding is protective against infections caused by this bacteria, and the meningitis which may result.
- Breastfeeding protects baby against respiratory infections
Breastfeeding effectively protects nurslings from many life-threatening respiratory infection including those caused by rotaviruses. Studies have shown breastfed babies are less than half as likely to be hospitalized with pneumonia or bronchiolitis, and have one-fifth the number of lower respiratory tract infections compared to formula-fed infants. According to a recent meta-analysis of studies from developed countries, the risk of severe respiratory tract illness resulting in hospitalization is more than tripled among infants who are not breastfed, compared with those who are exclusively breastfed for four months.
- Formula fed babies have a higher risk of developing certain childhood cancers
In a study done by researchers at the University of Minnesota it was found that babies who were breast fed for at least one month had a 21% less chance of getting leukemia than formula fed babies. The risk was 30% for children breast fed for 6 months.
- Breastfeeding decreases chances of developing rheumatoid arthritis
Recent results from a Swedish study indicate that breastfed babies were less likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis as adults. An earlier University of North Carolina/Duke University study had indicated breastfed children were only 40% as likely to develop juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
- Breastfeeding decreases child’s chances of contracting Hodgkins disease
Hodgkins disease is a type of lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph system. It can develop in children, although it is less likely to do so in children who were breastfed as infants.
- Breastfeeding protects baby against some vision defects
In a study in Bangladesh, breastfeeding was a protective factor for night blindness among preschool-aged children in both rural and urban areas. Breast milk is generally the main, if not the only source, of vitamin A during a child’s first 24 months of life (or for the duration of breastfeeding).
- Breastfeeding decreases chances of osteoporosis
According to many studies, both breastfeeding mothers and their children will be less at risk for development of this disease. One study found that the odds that a woman with osteoporosis did not breastfeed her baby was 4 times higher than for a control woman. In another study, Dr. Alan Lucas, MRC Childhood Nutrition Research Center of London, found that 8-year-olds who were fed formula rather than breast fed as infants, had less developed bone mineralization than those fed breast milk. “Bone mineral density decreases during lactation, but after weaning showed higher bone mineral density than those who did not breastfeed.”
- Breast milk aids in proper intestinal development
The gastrointestinal system of a newborn baby is not yet mature. It is still permeable, allowing bacteria, viruses and toxins to pass through. This intestinal permeability decreases more slowly in formula-fed babies. According to Dr. Jack Newman “…certain hormones in milk (such as cortisol) and smaller proteins (including epidermal growth factor, nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor and somatomedin C) act to close up the leaky mucosal lining of the newborn, making it relatively impermeable to unwanted pathogens and other potentially harmful agents. Indeed, animal studies have demonstrated that postnatal development of the intestine occurs faster in animals fed their mother’s milk. And animals that also receive colostrum, containing the highest concentrations of epidermal growth factor, mature even more rapidly.”
- Cow’s milk is an intestinal irritant
According to Dr. William Sears, MD, cow’s milk should not be given as a beverage to infants under one year of age. “Cow’s milk can irritate the lining of your infant’s intestines, causing tiny losses of iron. This can contribute to iron-deficiency anemia.”
- Formula-fed babies are more at risk for obesity in later life
A study of 32200 Scottish 3 year old children found that the incidence of obesity was significantly lower among those who had been breastfed, after adjusting for socioeconomic status, birthweight and gender. Another study, this one of Czech children, found that the even older children (6 -14) who had been breastfed were less at risk for overweight/obesity. Additionally, a German study found that 4.5% of formula fed children are obese, while only 0.8% of breastfed children have this condition
- Breastfed babies have less chance of cardiopulmonary distress while feeding
Bottle-fed babies are at increased risk of cardiopulmonary disturbances, including prolonged airway closure and obstructed respiratory breaths due to repeated swallowing. According to one study, infants can experience oxygen saturation below 90% when bottle feeding. Nine of 50 healthy term infants in one study experienced bradycardia during bottle feeding. Six of these episodes were preceded by apnea, three showed hypopnea (marked reduction in ventilation) and one had certral apnea (no respiratory efforts).
- Breastfed babies have less chance of developing ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes ulceration and inflammation of the inner lining of the colon and rectum. A number of studies have shown that breastfed babies are less likely to develop this disease.
- Breast milk protects against hemophilus b. bacteria
Hemophilus influenzae type b is a bacteria which can grow in the respiratory tract with no symptoms, but may spread into the throat, ears or blood and cause grave illness. Breastfed babies are much less vulnerable to such an overgrowth. . Interestingly, a 1999 Swedish study found that even 5 – 10 years later, children who had been breastfed were much less likely to contract hemophilus b.
- Breastfed babies require shorter pre- and post-surgical fasting
Breastfeeding may continue until three hours before arrival time at the hospital in healthy children having elective surgery.
- Breastfeeding results in less sick days for parents
Since breastfed babies are statistically healthier than their formula fed peers, the parents of breastfed babies spend less time out of work taking care of sick children.
- Breastfeeding enhances vaccine effectiveness
Breastfed infants showed better serum and secretory responses to oral and parenteral vaccines than those formula-fed.
- Breastfed babies have less chance of developing necrotizing enterocolitis
This disease occurs most commonly in premature or sick newborns. In NEC the lining of the intestinal wall dies and sloughs off. Premature infants fed their own mother’s milk or banked human milk are one sixth to one tenth as likely to develop NEC. One Australian study has estimated that 83% of NEC cases may be attributed to lack of breastfeeding.
- Breastfeeding contributes to optimal child spacing
First of all, please know that it is certainly possible to get pregnant while you are still breastfeeding. However, many breastfeeding women do not ovulate for the first 6 months or so following the birth of a new baby. This is true only for those who are exclusively breastfeeding (no supplements or solid food), and have not yet gotten their periods back following childbirth. Night nursing encourages longer amenorrhoea (periodlessness). If you really don’t want to get pregnant again, use some back up birth control even if you haven’t gotten your period again. Unless you are carefully following a natural family planning program, you will have no way of knowing when your first ovulation will occur, and by the time you figure it out you may be expecting! Still, generally speaking, breastfeeding contributes to optimum child spacing.
- Breastfeeding is easier than using formula
After the initial start up period, breastfeeding is very easy. All you have to do is raise your shirt and let the little one latch on. No shopping for formula, bottles, and other supplies. No mixing, heating, refrigerating and cleaning up of formula. If you sleep with your baby, or sleep the baby next to your bed, you can forget about all the disturbing nighttime rituals associated with formula use. All you have to do is roll over, let the baby latch on, and go back to sleep!
- Breast milk is free
Any way you look at it, you’ll spend a lot more money if you choose to formula feed. The added calories a nursing mother must take in are a negligible expense, and nursing clothes are optional. If you need to pump, excellent pumps are available for between $50 and $225. A good pump can be used for more than one child, so they are really an investment. Do be sure to buy a pump manufactured by a company specializing in their manufacture. Beware of pumps made by formula companies. Many woman report these pumps to be inefficient at best, and painful at worst.
- Formula is expensive
It presently costs upward of $1,200 dollars per year to formula feed an infant in the United States. If you factor in the added medical cost you are statistically likely to incur, that brings the cost up to around $2,500 per year. If your baby happens to require a hypo-allergenic formula, you will have to pay considerably more
- Formula costs the government (and taxpayers) millions of dollars
The U.S. government spends more than $2,665,715 a year to provide formula for the children of non-breastfeeding mothers participating in the WIC supplemental food program. Of course, this doesn’t take into consideration the additional costs of caring for those infants who are statistically much more likely to get sick. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, higher breastfeeding rates could reduce US health care costs by $3.6 billion per year.
- Breastfed babies require fewer doctor visits
Since breastfed babies are statistically healthier, they see the doctor less often.
- Breast milk always has the right proportions of fat, carbohydrates and protein
Formula companies are constantly adjusting these proportions looking for the best composition. The reality is that a mother’s milk composition changes from feeding to feeding depending on the needs of her child. No formula can do that! According to the American Dietetic Association “human milk provides optimal nutrition to the infant with its dynamic composition and the appropriate balance of nutrients provided in easily digestible and bioavailable forms.”
- Breast milk acts like a natural tranquilizer for baby
Mother’s milk contains chemicals that seem to work like “knock-out drops” for tired babies. Even if baby doesn’t fall asleep, he/she will certainly calm down and become more agreeable. If you choose to breastfeed into toddlerhood, you may find that the “terrible twos” never materialize.
- Breastfeeding acts like a natural tranquilizer for mom
Nursing mothers often joke about falling asleep on the job. The sleep inducing qualities of nursing a baby are remarkable. In fact, some new mothers have to be careful to hold a nursing baby in such a way that they will not drop the child when they inevitably nod off. Nursing in bed is a great solution. Even pumping at work can be a great way to calm down and get refocused during a stressful day. All this relaxation is caused by the hormone oxytocin, which is released each time a mother breastfeeds. It decreases blood pressure and calms the mother. Interestingly, one study found that there were far fewer incidences of domestic violence and sexual abuse in breastfeeding families
- Breast milk tastes better than formula
Human breast milk is sweet and light. Formula is pasty and bland. Which would you rather eat?
- Breastfed babies are healthier over-all
Kaiser Permanente, one of the largest HMOs in the U.S. has conducted internal research to determine the value of the company lactation support program. This research found that breastfed babies had many health advantages over formula-fed babies, including better overall health.
- Breastfed babies are less likely to die before their third birthday
Not only are breastfed babies less likely to contract life-threatening diseases, they are better able to combat any illnesses that may develop.
- Breast milk is always the right temperature
Severe burns to babies’ mouths have occurred due to improper heating of artificial milks. Even when it’s done correctly, it’s never fun to try to warm a bottle for a fussing baby
- Breastfeeding mothers spend less time and money on doctor visits
In 1995 the Kaiser-Permanente Health Maintenance Organization in North Carolina found that formula-fed babies averaged over $1,400 more per year in additional health care costs than breastfed infants.
- Fewer waste packaging products
No wrappers, canisters, disposable bottles etc…
“If every child in America were bottle-fed, almost 86,000 tons of tin would be needed to produce 550 million cans for one year’s worth of formula. If every mother in Great Britain breastfed, 3000 tons of paper (used for formula labels) would be saved in a year. But formula is not the only problem. Bottles and nipples require plastic, glass, rubber, and silicon; production of these materials can be resource-intensive and often leads to end-products that are not-recyclable. All these products use natural resources, cause pollution in their manufacture and distribution and create trash in their packaging, promotion, and disposal.”
- No bottles to tote
Unless you’re pumping and transporting the milk for later. Even then there are fewer bottles to deal with.
- Breastfeeding may lower the risk of developing high cholesterol
A recent British study found that breastfeeding seems to be associated with lower levels of damaging cholesterol in adulthood. The authors concluded that breastfeeding may have long-term benefits for cardiovascular health.
- No need to refrigerate
Of course, breast milk stays fresh because it’s made on demand. Even pumped breast milk keeps for a long time outside of the fridge.
- Cow’s milk is designed for baby cows, while human milk is designed for human babies
Human milk contains completely different proportions of protein, fat, carbohydrates. Cows milk is designed to help put on weight quickly, grow amazingly fast, and develop only as much brain power as a cow needs. After all, a calf is able to stand and walk on the day it is born. The natural hormones in cows milk are geared toward cows, not humans. The fact that human beings can even partially digest the milk of another species in sort of amazing when you stop to think about it. Human milk is designed for baby humans. It’s designed to build brains, and to foster gradual physical growth
- Breast milk aids in the proper development of a baby’s gastrointestinal tract
“The cells of the mature intestinal lining are tightly packed together so that potential allergens cannot seep through into the bloodstream. But in the early months, the lining of a baby’s immature intestines is more like a sieve, allowing potential allergens to get through, which sets the infant…up for allergies and infections. Breast milk contains a special protein called imunoglobulin A (IgA), which acts like a protective sealant in the digestive tract…Breast milk also contains a special substance called epidermal growth factor (EGF), which promotes the growth of the cells lining baby’s intestines as well as other surface cells, such as the cells of the skin.”
- Breast milk provides natural pain relief for baby
Breast milk actually contains chemicals that suppress pain (endorphins). Aside from this, the comfort a baby derives from being held close and suckling is remarkable. Many a bruise or scrape has been soothed away almost instantly by a few moments of nursing. If you choose to have your child vaccinated, it is a good idea to nurse immediately after he/she receives a vaccination. This soothes the hurt, as well as enhancing the vaccine’s effectiveness.
- Human milk is the perfect food for a sick infant
When a formula fed baby gets a gastrointestinal ailment they are usually put on an artificial electrolyte solution because formula is too hard for them to digest. Breast milk, however, is easily digested, and soothing to the intestines, so there is no need for artificial and expensive electrolyte solutions. If a baby gets a respiratory illness, formula may cause even more mucus. In contrast, breast milk contains antibodies to these ailments, as well as being highly digestible and not contributing to excess mucous formation.
- A breastfeeding Mom gets more sleep
Especially if she sleeps with baby, but even if she doesn’t. No bottles to prepare and warm. Less time comforting a crying baby suffering from gas and allergies.
- Babies that nurse are happier at night
A baby that gets its night time needs met quickly is more likely to get right back to sleep than a baby who has to wait for a bottle while crying and swallowing air.
- More sleep for dad
Again, even if he helps with baby burping, diapering, and baby toting, there are no bottles to deal with. Also, breastfed babies tend to need much less burping after the first few months.
- Less equipment to maintain and store
Those bottles, measuring devices, sterilizing equipment and other gadgets take up shelf space and they all require cleaning.
- Unless you pump. Even if you do have to buy a pump and the basic bottle kit, the savings in cost of formula and additional medical attention make breastfeeding financially well worth trying.
- Fresh breast milk is never contaminated with bacteria
In fact, it has antibacterial properties.
- No need to worry about which brand is better
Each artificial breast milk formula is different from all its competitors, but none of them come close to duplicating the real thing. It can be very stressful for formula feeding mothers to try to determine which brand is the best of the lot. No matter which formula is used “it is increasingly apparent that infant formula can never duplicate human milk. Human milk contains living cells, hormones, active enzymes, immunoglobulins and compounds with unique structures that cannot be replicated in infant formula.”
- No need to worry about adding contaminated water
Even in regions of the world where bacterial contamination is not an issue, water can contain dangerous elements like arsenic, lead and aluminum. These contaminants can become concentrated if water is boiled to sterilize it before being added to formula.
- Breastfed babies get fewer stomach infections
According to a study of 17,046 mother and infant pairs in Belarus, breastfed infants had a significant reduction in risk of gastro-intestinal infection
- Facilitates proper dental and jaw development
Nursing is good for a baby’s tooth and jaw development. Babies drinking from the human breast have to use as much as 60 times more energy to get food than do those drinking from a bottle. Obviously, a nursing baby’s jaws are receiving much more exercise as she pulls her mother’s milk into her mouth. Apparently, this constant gentle pulling assists the growth of well-formed jaws and straight, healthy teeth. Among breastfed infants, the longer the duration of nursing, the less chance of dental malocclusion.
- Breastfed babies have less tooth decay
Breast milk contains bacteria fighting cells that may help kill the bacteria that cause tooth decay. Furthermore, bottle-fed babies “are at increased risk for baby bottle caries, a destructive dental condition which occurs when a baby is put to bed with a bottle containing formula, milk, juice or other fluids high in carbohydrates. Extensive dental repair may be required at a cost of thousands of dollars.” Furthermore, breast milk contains bacteria fighting cells that may help kill the bacteria that cause tooth decay.
- Less money spent on corrective orthodontia
The longer you breastfeed, the more likely the babies teeth will come in properly. If the teeth come in straight, there’s no need to fix them.
- Better speech development
Tongue thrust problems often develop among bottle-fed babies as they try to slow down the flow of milk coming from an artificial nipple. This can lead to speech problems later on. “Early weaning may lead to the interruption of proper oral motor development provoking alterations to the posture and strength of the speech organs and harming the functions of chewing, swallowing, breathing, and articulation of speech sounds. The lack of physiological sucking on the breast may interfere in the oral motor development, possibly causing malocclusion, oral respiration and oral motor disorders.”
- Less chance of baby getting eczema
A number of studies have indicated that breastfed babies are less likely to develop eczema – an itchy skin rash
- Breastfed babies have great skin
You don’t have to refer to the many studies showing that breastfed babies have less eczema and fewer rashes. Check out the skin of a breastfed baby and see what you think.
- Less spit-up
Breastfed newborns demonstrate gastroesophageal reflux (spit-up) episodes of significantly shorter duration that formula fed newborns
- Breastfeeding is better for premature infants
A recent Israeli study confirmed that the more breast milk premature babies receive, the more responsive they are. Infants receiving substantial amounts of breast milk showed better neurobehavioral profiles – in particular motor maturity. “These infants were also more alert during social interactions, and their mothers provided more affectionate touch. In addition to its nutritional value, breast milk may be related to improved maternal mood and interactive behaviors, thereby indirectly contributing to development in premature infants.”
- Breast milk contains no genetically engineered materials
Most consumers are completely unaware of how much genetically engineered food they are consuming because the U.S. government does not require this food to be labeled as such. Genetic ID, a company in Fairfield, Iowa, tested four soy-based baby formulas for genetically engineered ingredients. All four, Carnation Alsoy, Similac Neocare, Isomil and Enfamil Prosobee, tested positive.
- Breast Milk contains no synthetic growth hormones
Since many cows in the U.S. are now routinely ingesting synthetic growth hormones to artificially increase their milk production, it stands to reason that these hormones are also getting into the U.S. formulas.
- Lack of breastfeeding associated with multiple sclerosis in later life
Although thought to be multifactorial in origin, and without a clearly defined etiology, lack of breastfeeding does appear to be associated with an increased incidence of multiple sclerosis.
- Less chance of inguinal hernia
The inguinal canal brings down the spermatic cord and certain vessels to the groin area. A hernia is a defect in the opening where these things pass through from the abdomen to the groin because the canal opening gets too big or tears off. The hernia allows abdominal contents to get down into the groin area.
Breastfeeding is protective against inguinal hernias. For unknown reasons breastfed babies experience significantly fewer of them. Human milk contains gonadotropin releasing hormone, which may affect the development of a baby boy’s testicles.
- Better cognitive development for low birth weight babies
In 771 low birth weight infants, babies whose mothers chose to provide breast milk had an 8 point advantage in mean Bayley’s mental developmental index over infants of mothers choosing not to do so.
- Better social development
The psychomotor and social development of breastfed babies clearly differs from that of bottle fed ones and leads at the age of 12 months to significant advantages of the psychomotor and social capabilities.
- Decreased risk of baby developing urinary tract infections
Breastfed babies have fewer urinary tract infections than their bottle fed peers. According to one study, infants who were exclusively bottle fed were more than five times as likely to develop urinary tract infections compared with those that were breastfed
- Suckling optimizes hand-to-eye coordination
It isn’t completely clear why, but breastfed infants are able to see and manipulate objects quicker than their formula fed counterparts. This is one of the many benefits of breastfeeding that are still being explored.
- Breastfeeding protects mothers against anemia (iron deficiency)
Since many exclusively breastfeeding mothers do not begin to menstruate for a year or longer their iron stores are not depleted by monthly bleeding during this time.
- Breastfeeding mothers spend less money on menstrual supplies
Many breastfeeding moms do not begin to menstruate again until 14 or more months after giving birth. That means for 14 months, many nursing moms don’t have to buy tampons, sanitary napkins, and cramp relief medication! “Multiply this by the four million US births each year to see that over one billion sanitary products annually could be kept out of our nation’s landfills and sewers. To compound the scenario, because breast milk is absorbed by babies more efficiently, breastfed babies excrete less and thus require fewer diaper changes than formula-fed babies.”
- Breastfeeding is a self confidence booster for mom
There is nothing more amazing than looking at a plump six month old baby and knowing that the only nutrition this happy little creature has received has come from your own body.
- Breast milk may help combat eye infections
Breast milk contains natural antibiotic qualities, and many mothers swear that a squirt in the irritated eye of their baby has cleared up the problem in short order.
- Breastfeeding may lower blood pressure in Childhood
A 2004 study of 4763 British children showed that 7.5 years later, those who were breastfed as infants had lower blood pressure compared with those who were never breastfed. In another new study from the U.K., a small but important reduction in adult diastolic blood pressure is associated with having been breastfed as an infant.
- No worry about latest ingredient discovered to be missing from formula
There is no formula that can duplicate human milk because, as the FDA recognized in a recent statement “…the exact chemical makeup of breast milk is still unknown.” “Formula-fed infants depend on products which can be quite different from each other, but which are continually being found deficient in essential nutrients… These nutrients are then added, usually after damage has occurred in infants or overwhelming market pressure forces the issue.”
- Much nicer diaper changes
The bowel movements of breastfed babies smell mild and inoffensive. The same can not be said about those of formula fed babies. Try changing a few formula fed babies if you are uncertain about wanting to try breastfeeding!
- Breastfed babies smell fantastic
No scientific study needed here. There is something almost magical about the scent of your own breastfed baby, whether you’re the mother or father involved. Try it, you’ll like it!
- The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding
According to the AAP, “Human milk is species-specific, and all substitute feeding preparations differ markedly from it, making human milk uniquely superior for infant feeding. Exclusive breastfeeding is the reference or normative model against which all alternative feeding methods must be measured with regard to growth, health, development, and all other short- and long-term outcomes. In addition, human milk-fed premature infants receive significant benefits with respect to host protection and improved developmental outcomes compared with formula-fed premature infants… Pediatricians and parents should be aware that exclusive breastfeeding is sufficient to support optimal growth and development for approximately the first 6 months of life and provides continuing protection against diarrhea and respiratory tract infection. Breastfeeding should be continued for at least the first year of life and beyond for as long as mutually desired by mother and child.”
- The American Dietetic Association promotes breastfeeding
The ADA also believes that “the bonding that occurs during breastfeeding makes it a special choice.” The ADA actively promotes breastfeeding, stating that “It is the position of the American Dietetic Association that broad-based efforts are needed to break the barriers to breastfeeding initiation and duration. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and breastfeeding with complementary foods for at least 12 months is the ideal feeding pattern for infants. Increases in initiation and duration are needed to realize the health, nutritional, immunological, psychological, economical, and environmental benefits of breastfeeding.”
- It’s what breasts were designed for !
Less equipment to buy
Breastmilk has never been recalled due to manufacturing problems
Formula has been, sometimes after causing injury or death. There were 22 “significant” recalls of formula including 7 potentially life threatening situations.
dan……….inilah alasan yang mengawali dari sekian baznyak alasan di atas !
“PARA IBU HENDAKLAH MENYUSUKAN ANAK-ANAKNYA SELAMA DUA TAHUN PENUH, YAITU BAGI YANG INGIN MENYEMPURNAKAN PENYUSUAN. Dan kewajiban ayah memberi makan dan pakaian kepada para ibu dengan cara yang ma`ruf. Seseorang tidak dibebani melainkan menurut kadar kesanggupannya. Janganlah seoran ibu menderita kesengsaraan karena anaknya dan juga seorang ayah karena anaknya. dan warispun berkewajiban demikian. APABILA KEDUANYA INGIN MENYAPIH ( SEBELUM 2TH) DENGAN KERELAAN KEDUANYA DAN PERMUSYAWARATAN, MAKA TIDAK ADA DOSA ATAS KEDUANYA. Dan jika kamu ingin anakmu disusukan oleh orang lain, maka tidak ada dosa bagimu apabila kamu memberikan pembayaran menurut yang patut. Bertakwalah kepada Allah dan ketahuilah bahwa Allah Maha Melihat apa yang kamu kerjakan ” (QS 2: 233)
Ibnul Qayyim menyatakan:
“Perhatian intensif padanya pasca persalinan sangat ditekankan, dan tingkat kewaspadaan pada mereka harus tinggi. Sebab ranting pohon dan cabang-cabangnya ketika masih melekat kuat pada batang inti, dan terkait dengannya, maka angin tidak mampu menggoyang dan mencabutnya. Tetapi tatkala dipisahkan dan ditanam di tempat lain, maka bahaya mengancamnya dan angin yang lembut sekalipun akhirnya mampu mencabutnya”.
Lanjut Ibnul Qayyim:
Janin yang baru saja meninggalkan rahim ibu, telah lepas dari ruangan yang biasa melingkupinya dalam setiap kondisi, dalam waktu singkat. Proses ini lebih berat daripada perpindahan yang bertahap”.
Proses yang paling berpengaruh dalam pembentukan jati diri anak dalam fase ini adalah proses penyusuan. Para ahli pendidikan mengungkapkan, bahwa akhlak anak kecil sangat terpengaruh dengan ASI wanita yang menyusuinya. Oleh karena itu, semestinya memilih wanita yang baik akhlaknya, dari komunitas yang baik.
Ibnu Qudamah mengatakan:
“Abu Abdillah (Imam Ahmad) tidak menyenangi penyusuan anak kepada wanita jahat dan musyrik”.
Umar bin Abdil Aziz berkata,
“ASI sangat berperan kuat. Maka janganlah engkau menyusukan anak kepada wanita Yahudi, Nashara, atau wanita tuna susila…”
Mengapa demikian? Karena, ASI wanita yang buruk perangainya berpotensi mengantarkan anak menyerupai kejahatan wanita yang menyusuinya. la dapat terpengaruh ibu susuannya. Ada pepatah yang berbunyi “Sesungguhnya susuan membentuk tabiat”. Wallahu a’larn. Jadi, bayi harus dijauhkan dari ASI yang haram. Baik lantaran pembiayaannya haram atau sang wanita tidak menjaga diri dari makanan haram.
Al Ghazali menyatakan:
“ASI yang keluar dari makanan haram tidak ada berkahnya. Jika terserap anak kecil, maka jasmaninya terbentuk dengan materi yang buruk. Akhirnya perangainya cenderung kepada tindakan-tindakan yang buruk”.
Demikian juga sebaliknya, wanita shalihah lagi penuh kasih sayang, akan memberi warna positif terhadap sang bayi. Susuan, dekapan dan kehangatan ibunya yang shalihah sangat membekas pada pembentukan karakter bayi yang baik. Susuan, selain memenuhi kebutuhan energi, juga mengalirkan tali kasih pada jiwanya yang haus terhadap kasih sayang, cinta dan perlindungan. | <urn:uuid:647b5d06-3580-4d7d-92f7-c0d95cd7e07f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://rumahkusorgaku.wordpress.com/2008/06/15/mengapa-harus-asi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00240-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922869 | 9,660 | 2.671875 | 3 |
I am changing the taps for the sink in the bathroom. I know that I need to shut off the water supplies to both taps. I have shut off the cold water supply by closing the cold water valve feed to the storage tank in the attic. My problem is shutting off the hot water feed. My hot water cylinder does not appear to have a valve to shut off the hot water supply to the house. I have tried to close the valve that feeds the cold water into the bottom of the hot water cylinder, however when I then open the hot bathroom taps the water flows from them and I can hear the attic storage tank filling. I also have an oil boiler and do not know whether this affects my situation or not. All I want to do is change the taps in my bathroom. Any help would be appreciated.
The cold feed you isolated to shut-down cold-flow to the basin, is obviously not your only riser, or the ball-cock valve would have no feed.
Also, the valve feeding cold into the base of the hot cylinder, could be passing,-- it happened in my first flat when a sparky was renewing the electric immersion element ;-- they had to break into the flat above and tie-up the ball at the loft header-tank which fed 3 flats. A new valve had to be fitted beside my hot tank, of a better type.
When I isolate my cold riser, I have to torque it firmly using a pair of pliers, and I leave cold taps open until the task is finished.
DIY how to tutorial projects and guides - Did you know we have a DIY Projects section? Well, if no, then we certainly do! Within this area of our site have literally hundreds of how-to guides and tutorials that cover a huge range of home improvement tasks. Each page also comes with pictures and a video to make completing those jobs even easier! | <urn:uuid:fa70440d-e15a-4f90-af63-e3006de09393> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.diydoctor.org.uk/forums/isolate-hot-water-feed-so-that-bathroom-taps-can-be-changed-t3880.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725470.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963243 | 388 | 1.539063 | 2 |
It’s become increasingly common to hear reports of medical professionals making mistakes. Mistakes ranging from administering medication that a patient happens to be highly allergic to, misdiagnosing condition, or in fatal cases making mistakes that lead to a patient’s death due to human error. These mistakes fall into an area of the law called medical malpractice. It’s an area that aims towards compensating those injured as a result of medical error, deterring poor health care amongst providers and holding health care professional accountable.
Medical Malpractice is professional negligence. It can range from any one of many acts or omissions by a health care provider, which results in treatment being below the standard of the practice among the medical community, causing injury or even death to the patient. The most common is medical error.
Every year an estimated 250,000 people die because of medical error in the United States and an untold number suffer injuries. Injuries, which cause people to live with, pain each day due to someone else’s mistake. 1 in 17 Medicare inpatients experience a serious, avoidable error.
These statistics are avoidable and employing basic safety practices, such as checklists for procedure, could potentially save 85,000 lives and $35 billion each year. Simple changes in procedure like the marking medical records clearly with a patient’s allergies and/or any serious condition that doctors treating he or she should know can reduce the chances of people being harmed.
Instead patients injured due to the negligence of medical providers turn to litigation to provide compensation for their injuries. There were only 10,772 payments to malpractice victims in 2009 (the lowest number on record). The payments made to the small fraction of victims amounted to a total of $3.5 billion.
We believe that patients that fall victim to poor health care are entitled to compensation for the injuries they endure. If you or a loved one has been injured and the injuries are a result of medical error please call us today!
Wooten Kimbrough, P.A. Orlando Medical Malpractice Attorneys | <urn:uuid:b6a524e5-a2c3-4f62-9bf0-77a007c10ec8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whkpa.com/medical-malpractice-a-growing-preventable-epidemic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.945189 | 422 | 2 | 2 |
Weightlifting: How to enhance your workout?
Whether you are a beginner or have been working out for a while, you need to understand one thing, if you want to stay in shape and be healthy you need to complete a resistance workout at least 2-3 times a week, which means you need to get on those weights and kill them, or at least make some sort of move towards it.
Professional sportsmen/women use resistance workouts for their conditioning as it is proven to increase your speed, power, agility and it helps to prevent injuries, so if professionals benefit from it, so will you!
- Weightlifting will make you bulky. This can only happen if you have a very high calorie diet and you are following a special program, which believe us is very hard and unless you choose to work towards that specific goal it is very hard to achieve.
- It is better to work out each muscle group each time you train. Again, unless you are a bodybuilder it’s better to complete a full circuit training each time. This will ensure your body will stay toned and healthy.
- Muscles will turn into fat once you stop weightlifting. This myth surely to this day motivates thousands of people around the world not to stop lifting weights. Although it is a good motivator, it is completely incorrect. Muscle and fat are two different things and one cannot turn into another. You can lose fat and replace it with muscles or your muscle mass can drop if you stop exercising, but it cannot magically turn from muscles into fat.
- Weightlifting is bad for the joints. Journal of Rheumatology published a study which shows that people with joint problems that performed weightlifting exercises have experienced a reduction in pain after a few months, improving their overall quality of life over those that didn’t work out with weights.
Weightlifting techniques that work:
- Simple but effective. The squat, deadlift, bench press, and shoulder press are the best strength-building exercises for anyone.
- Stick to free weights. They are more effective than machines in building your muscles and developing your body core.
- Record it. It is easy to forget the amount of sets or reps you did last week. This way you will know exactly how much progress you have achieved.
- Don’t overdo it. Working out too much will put unnecessary pressure on your muscles and can lead to an injury.
- Don’t add weights too soon. Make sure you go slowly; otherwise you can block your strength gain. This usually happens if you lift too much for too long. Only increase your weights limit with a maximum of up to 10 pounds a session and no more.
Weightlifting can help you increase your fitness level, lose weight, build a better body and much more. As long as you take your training seriously and lift weights responsibly you will be amazed with your progress.
If you are looking for great value for money weightlifting equipment visit www.maxstrength.net today.
Let us know how you benefited from weightlifting by leaving a comment below. | <urn:uuid:4e1539b6-6563-4318-a2fc-3f097a8a1b4b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.maxstrength.net/blog/weightlifting-how-to-enhance-your-workout/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963546 | 637 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Publisher : Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies
DOI : 10.5713/ajas.2002.900
Title & Authors
Cattle Do Remember Locations of Preferred Food over Extended Periods Ksiksi, T.; Laca, E.A.;
The duration of spatial memory in cattle is potentially important for grazing management. The ability of livestock to remember the location of food patches may lead to uneven range use. In this experiment, how long cattle are able to remember food locations was determined. Six steers were used to conduct this study in a pasture with an 8 row by 8 column grid of 64 plastic containers 5 meters apart. Four randomly chosen containers were loaded with feed pellets. All steers were trained to find the loaded locations until a minimum of empty containers were visited. After this initial training, each steer was tested at 5, 10, 20 and 48 days post-training. Total number of visits (TV), number of containers visited (NC), the ratio of loaded containers (LC) to NC were recorded. Once the steers learned the locations of loaded containers NC did not increase with time since last training up to 48 days (p>0.05). Logarithmic transformation of NC (LNC) was 0.70 and 0.80 for the control and 48 day treatments, respectively. Steers were equally efficient in locating containers with feed. The steers also showed that their ability in locating food was much better than expected by chance (Z>1.62). Findings of the present study do not suggest using spatial memory decay as a tool to promote better grazing distribution. Because steers remembered food locations accurately for at least 48 days.
Spatial Memory;Grazing;Food Preference;
Bailey, D. W., L. R. Rittenhouse, R. H. Hart and R. W. Richards. 1987. Spatial memory of heifers in Radial- and Parallel-arm mazes. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 38:7-10.
Bailey, D. W., L. R. Rittenhouse, R. H. Hart and R. W. Richards. 1989. Characteristics of spatial memory in cattle. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 23:331-341.
Beatty, W. M. and D. A. Shavalia. 1980. Spatial memory in rats: time course of working memory and effects of anesthetics. Behav. Neural Biol. 28:454-462.
Edwards, G. R., J. A. Newman, A. J. Parsons and J. R. Krebs. 1997. Use of cues by grazing animals to locate food patches: an example with sheep. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 51:59-68.
Hosoi, E., D. M. Swift, L. R. Rittenhouse and R. W. Richards. 1995. Comparative foraging strategies of sheep and goats in a T-maze apparatus. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 44:37-45.
Howery, L. D., D. W. Bailey and E. A. Laca. 1999. Impact of Spatial Memory on Habitat Use. In: Grazing Behaviour of Livestock and Wildlife (Ed. K. L. Launchbaugh, K. D. Sanders and J. C. Mosley). Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Exp. Sta. Bull. #70. pp. 91-100.
Kovalcick, K. and M. Kovalcick. 1986. Learning ability and memory testing in cattle of different ages. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 15:27-29.
Laca, E. A. 1995. Spatial memory and foraging efficiency of cattle. Abstr., 48th Annual meeting. Soc. Range Manage., 1995, Phoenix, AZ.
Olton, D. S., C. Collison and M. A. Werz. 1977. Spatial memory and radial arm maze performance of rats. Learn. Motiv. 8:289-314.
SAS Institute Inc. 1985. SAS user's guide: Statistics. Cary, NC 27511-8000. p. 956.
Shettleworth, S. J. and J. R. Krebs J.R. 1982. How marsh tits find their hoards: The roles of site preference and spatial memory. J. Exp. Psy. 4:354-375.
Staddon, J. E. R. and R. H. Ettinger. 1989. Learning: An Introduction to the Principles of Adaptive Behaviour. Harcourt Brace Jananovich, San Diego, p. 436.
Tillie, Y., J. A. Newman and S. D. Healy. 1996. New tests for departures from random behaviour in spatial memory experiments. Anim. Learn. Behav. 24:327-340.
Valentine, J. F. 1990. Grazing Management. Academic Press, Inc. San Diego, p. 533.
Willson, R. J. and D. M. Wilkie. 1993. Pigeons remember briefly trained spatial location-food associations over extended time periods. J. Exp. Psychol. 19:373-379. | <urn:uuid:40898d1e-407c-4108-bad0-27c9fb952e1e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=E1DMBP_2002_v15n6_900 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00055-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.857778 | 1,117 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Rocket chips. There are many instances in which someone has an invention, such as a rocket chip, and many instances in which they want that invention to be patented in certain situations. There are attorneys for that, which will be gotten to later. The idea, though, is that the rocket chip is a big thing. And the inventor deserves credit.
There are many people that like to invent things in the United States. Although inventors used to be solely for physical things, such as the rocket chip, inventors today do many different things. For instance, there are inventors who design apps on phones to make money and come up with a new and inventive way of delivering something.
A person who invents an app might be a business person that has hired a programmer. It may be the programmer himself or herself that puts together the app, with the guidance of other people. Sometimes the programmer will work alone to create an app, which is a significant issue. There are many ways in which people will invent things in the modern age.
There is a difference between an entrepreneur and an inventor. An entrepreneur is someone who starts a business, whether virtual or in the physical world. An entrepreneur will have thousands or even millions of dollars invested in the business, by which he or she will deliver a product or service to a target audience.
An inventor, however, is not necessarily focused on the business aspect. The inventor puts together an invention, in which something is “created” that hasn’t been done before. Behind every major business, there is an inventor or a team of inventors. For instance, there are inventors behind Google and Facebook, which are major businesses.
An entrepreneur might build a business around an invention, which can be profitable. But an entrepreneur may build a business without an invention, relying on the current market and the market for the product. There are many reasons for this. But generally an entrepreneur and inventor are separate, though they can sometimes be together.
There are some terms for this that are worth noting. They are Colorado patent attorney, Denver patent attorney, Denver patent lawyer, domestic patent process, Houston patent attorney, intellectual property practice, intellectual property practices, international patent process, and more.
There are some statistics associated with this as well. They are:
- In 2016, computer technology claimed the first two places in the list of technologies with the most international patent applications.
- There were 4,537 patent infringement suits filed in 2016.
- The U.S. Patent Office receives six times as many applications as it did in 1980.
- In order to receive a patent, an invention has to meet three criteria.
- Design patents expire 14 years from the date of issue.
- A utility patent is far and away the most common type of patent issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
- Unique packaging, such as the size or shape of a soft drink bottle, may be eligible for a design patent.
A domestic patent process is a process by which an inventor will patent an item in the United States. An inventor may do this for several reasons. An inventor might do this to protect a product which is being used as part of a business. An inventor may feel it is necessary to go through the domestic patent process. It may be helpful.
A domestic patent process often involves registering the item with the government, which creates a patent that means the technology or invention can’t be used by another company for a number of years. A domestic patent process protects the company from others stealing the invention, technology, or idea.
A good inventor will know when to patent his product and when not to. Some people have dozens of patents out there. They may not be major inventors but smaller inventors looking to patent their objects in the hopes that a company will take them on. Some inventors invent for the love of the product. They enjoy this part of the process.
A good inventor will know when to patent his product or when to approach a business about using that patented product. A company might purchase a patented product from an individual if that patented product will help their revenue at the end of the year. There are other considerations as well. | <urn:uuid:f6609cdc-2978-4691-b505-6cf62ba7136c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://legalbusinessnews.net/patented-products-very-good/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.965299 | 860 | 2.578125 | 3 |
To mark Armed Forces Day on Saturday 25 June, Chris Elmore, MP for Ogmore, has praised and thanked the contributions of UK Armed Forces in defending communities at home and abroad.
From deployments abroad in response to the invasion of Ukraine to deployments at home during the Covid-19 pandemic, our Armed Forces are essential to national defence, national resilience and national NATO obligations.
The UK Tory Government has left our Armed Forces with weakened foundations, having cut the Army to its smallest size in 300 years. In the past 12 months, the Labour Party has called on Ministers to halt army cuts, campaigned for Commonwealth veterans who have served at least four years and their families to have visa fees scrapped, and promoted a new duty of care to allow personnel to receive better legal and welfare support.
Armed Forces Day is held each year on the last Saturday of June to celebrate the service and sacrifice of our UK Armed Forces, veterans and their families.
Chris Elmore MP has long called for the Veterans ID card to be rolled out at pace as the current process is taking too long. He raised this issue in the House of Commons on several occasions and still little action has been taken by the UK Tory Government.
Chris Elmore, MP for Ogmore, said:
This Armed Forces Day we have so much to thank our armed forces personnel for. From supporting the Covid-19 response effort around the country, to defending NATO allies from Russian aggression, our Armed Forces have been essential to our national defence and resilience.
Meanwhile the Tories are failing our Armed Forces and veterans. Since 2010, the Government has cut the full-time strength of our Armed Forces by over 40,000. One in five ships have been removed from the Royal Navy’s surface fleet, Tory Ministers have delayed the delivery of the fully-modernised warfighting division by 5 years, and funding for mental health for UK veterans is far too low.
Labour would stop the cuts being made to our Armed Forces, boost veterans mental health support by £35m, as well as improving the quality of Armed Forces housing and employment support for veterans.
Our armed Forces go above and beyond to keep us safe, and give the ultimate public service. It’s only right that the UK Government should support them properly in return.”
To see Chris Elmore MP’s previous questions on veterans please visit: | <urn:uuid:eae3fe77-6cab-49d1-8343-d20c5fcd76bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chriselmore.wales/2022/06/21/chris-elmore-mp-backs-uk-armed-forces-as-he-gives-thanks-for-their-contributions-ahead-of-armed-forces-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.917469 | 836 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Transforming Research. Transforming Lives.
Together, we will develop and deliver breakthrough medicines and treatments to achieve a world where people are free from the impact of prostate cancer.
It is only through research that we can build a future in which no family will have to fear losing a loved one to prostate cancer. But here at Prostate Cancer Research we’re not just working to add years to life; we’re also about adding life to years. Prostate cancer and the way it is currently treated brings physical and emotional side effects for the patient, their family and community, cuts too many lives short, and steals away the time that families should be able to spend together and enjoy.
Patient focus is in our DNA. Through patient panels, and meetings with the scientists, we are able to fill the gaps and fund both cutting-edge and relevant research that will have a direct impact on patients. In the last four years our team has expanded the amount of research we fund by four times, opened our new translational arm to help more promising treatments get from lab to patient, and have opened grant calls based on patient feed back, including bone metastasis and racial inequalities. | <urn:uuid:119f002a-7463-4b0a-930e-4718c1d49426> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prostate-cancer-research.org.uk/about-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.954727 | 240 | 1.507813 | 2 |
The largest church in the world, St. Peter’s Basilica is more than just the most important building in Christendom. It is a jewel within Vatican City from where Popes have spread the word of God throughout the world. The Basilica is a focal point of millions of pilgrims each year, but it is also a true cultural, historical and architectural landmark.The classic Renaissance structure holds within itself treasures from millennia including paintings, sculptures, artefacts and the art decorated on the walls. A visit to St. Peter’s Basilica is a treat to the senses and the soul!
St. Peter's Square is one of the largest and most beautiful squares in the world. It is located in Vatican City, at the feet of St. Peter's Basilica.The dimensions of the square are spectacular: 320 meters long and 240 meters wide. In the liturgies and more noticeable events St. Peter's Square has held more than 300,000 people.The most impressive part of the square, besides its size, are its 284 columns and 88 pilasters that flank the square in a colonnade of four rows. Above the columns there are 140 statues of saints created in 1670 by the disciples of Bernini.In the centre of the square the obelisk and the two fountains, one of Berni ni (1675) and another of Maderno (1614) stand out. The obelisk, which is 25 meters in height, was carried to Rome from Egypt in 1586.
The Vatican Museums,founded by Pope Julius II in the early 16th contain one of the world's greatest art collections in the world. Exhibits range from Egyptian mummies and Etruscan bronzes to ancient busts, old masters and modern paintings.
The Vatican Gardens are a natural, architectural and artistic space of great beauty and spirituality, boasting an area of 23 hectares occupying most of the Vatican Hill. It was finally opened to the publick in 2014. The garden combines in itself 3 different styles Italian, Frech and English, each with their respective characteristics.
Sistine Chapel, located in the Vatican Palace is famous for its Renaissance frescoes by Michelangelo, painted between 1508 and 1512. The frescoes are the cornerstone work of High Renaissance art and a must see while visiting Vatican City. | <urn:uuid:758d10dc-b3ca-437e-b8d8-a1305e3bb36f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.explorow.com/country/vatican_city/va | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.945828 | 481 | 2.375 | 2 |
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|Archive reference number||NG70/1/89|
Paris: Turner 'Rain, Steam, and Speed - The Great Western Railway'
|Alternative reference numbers||S2816|
|Paintings referenced in this record||NG538|
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Your list of records will be sent to us if you request an appointment, and a summary will be included in your appointment email notification. | <urn:uuid:2d8a362e-c04a-4114-abc8-8bea71ee8270> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/archive/record/NG70/1/89 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00272-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.858784 | 163 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Although creatine offers an array of benefits, most people think of it simply as a supplement that bodybuilders and other athletes use to gain strength and muscle mass. Nothing could be further from the truth.
A substantial body of research has found that creatine may have a wide variety of uses. In fact, creatine is being studied as a supplement that may help with diseases affecting the neuromuscular system, such as muscular dystrophy (MD).
Recent studies suggest creatine may have therapeutic applications in aging populations for wasting syndromes, muscle atrophy, fatigue, gyrate atrophy, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and other brain pathologies. Several studies have shown creatine can reduce cholesterol by up to 15% and it has been used to correct certain inborn errors of metabolism, such as in people born without the enzyme(s) responsible for making creatine.
Some studies have found that creatine may increase growth hormone production.
What is creatine?
Creatine is formed in the human body from the amino acids methionine, glycine and arginine. The average person's body contains approximately 120 grams of creatine stored as creatine phosphate. Certain foods such as beef, herring and salmon, are fairly high in creatine.
However, a person would have to eat pounds of these foods daily to equal what can be obtained in one teaspoon of powdered creatine.
Creatine is directly related to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is formed in the powerhouses of the cell, the mitochondria. ATP is often referred to as the "universal energy molecule" used by every cell in our bodies. An increase in oxidative stress coupled with a cell's inability to produce essential energy molecules such as ATP, is a hallmark of the aging cell and is found in many disease states.
Key factors in maintaining health are the ability to: (a) prevent mitochondrial damage to DNA caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and (b) prevent the decline in ATP synthesis, which reduces whole body ATP levels. It would appear that maintaining antioxidant status (in particular intra-cellular glutathione) and ATP levels are essential in fighting the aging process.
It is interesting to note that many of the most promising anti-aging nutrients such as CoQ10, NAD, acetyl-l-carnitine and lipoic acid are all taken to maintain the ability of the mitochondria to produce high energy compounds such as ATP and reduce oxidative stress.
The ability of a cell to do work is directly related to its ATP status and the health of the mitochondria. Heart tissue, neurons in the brain and other highly active tissues are very sensitive to this system. Even small changes in ATP can have profound effects on the tissues' ability to function properly.
Of all the nutritional supplements available to us currently, creatine appears to be the most effective for maintaining or raising ATP levels.
How does creatine work?
In a nutshell, creatine works to help generate energy. When ATP loses a phosphate molecule and becomes adenosine diphosphate (ADP), it must be converted back to ATP to produce energy. Creatine is stored in the human body as creatine phosphate (CP) also called phosphocreatine.
When ATP is depleted, it can be recharged by CP. That is, CP donates a phosphate molecule to the ADP, making it ATP again. An increased pool of CP means faster and greater recharging of ATP, which means more work can be performed.
This is why creatine has been so successful for athletes. For short-duration explosive sports, such as sprinting, weight lifting and other anaerobic endeavors, ATP is the energy system used.
To date, research has shown that ingesting creatine can increase the total body pool of CP which leads to greater generation of energy for anaerobic forms of exercise, such as weight training and sprinting. Other effects of creatine may be increases in protein synthesis and increased cell hydration.
Creatine has had spotty results in affecting performance in endurance sports such as swimming, rowing and long distance running, with some studies showing no positive effects on performance in endurance athletes.
Whether or not the failure of creatine to improve performance in endurance athletes was due to the nature of the sport or the design of the studies is still being debated.
Creatine can be found in the form of creatine monohydrate, creatine citrate, creatine phosphate, creatine-magnesium chelate and even liquid versions.
However, the vast majority of research to date showing creatine to have positive effects on pathologies, muscle mass and performance used the monohydrate form. Creatine monohydrate is over 90% absorbable. What follows is a review of some of the more interesting and promising research studies with creatine.
Creatine and neuromuscular diseases
One of the most promising areas of research with creatine is its effect on neuromuscular diseases such as MD. One study looked at the safety and efficacy of creatine monohydrate in various types of muscular dystrophies using a double blind, crossover trial.
Thirty-six patients (12 patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, 10 patients with Becker dystrophy, eight patients with Duchenne dystrophy and six patients with sarcoglycan-deficient limb girdle muscular dystrophy) were randomized to receive creatine or placebo for eight weeks.
The researchers found there was a "mild but significant improvement" in muscle strength in all groups. The study also found a general improvement in the patients' daily-life activities as demonstrated by improved scores in the Medical Research Council scales and the Neuromuscular Symptom scale. Creatine was well tolerated throughout the study period, according to the researchers.1
Another group of researchers fed creatine monohydrate to people with neuromuscular disease at 10 grams per day for five days, then reduced the dose to 5 grams per day for five days.
The first study used 81 people and was followed by a single-blinded study of 21 people.
In both studies, body weight, handgrip, dorsiflexion and knee extensor strength were measured before and after treatment. The researchers found "Creatine administration increased all measured indices in both studies." Short-term creatine monohydrate increased high-intensity strength significantly in patients with neuromuscular disease.2
There have also been many clinical observations by physicians that creatine improves the strength, functionality and symptomology of people with various diseases of the neuromuscular system.
Creatine and neurological protection/brain injury
If there is one place creatine really shines, it's in protecting the brain from various forms of neurological injury and stress. A growing number of studies have found that creatine can protect the brain from neurotoxic agents, certain forms of injury and other insults.
Several in vitro studies found that neurons exposed to either glutamate or beta-amyloid (both highly toxic to neurons and involved in various neurological diseases) were protected when exposed to creatine.3 The researchers hypothesized that "? cells supplemented with the precursor creatine make more phosphocreatine (PCr) and create larger energy reserves with consequent neuroprotection against stressors."
More recent studies, in vitro and in vivo in animals, have found creatine to be highly neuroprotective against other neurotoxic agents such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and malonate.4 Another study found that feeding rats creatine helped protect them against tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which produces parkinsonism in animals through impaired energy production.
The results were impressive enough for these researchers to conclude, "These results further implicate metabolic dysfunction in MPTP neurotoxicity and suggest a novel therapeutic approach, which may have applicability in Parkinson's disease."5 Other studies have found creatine protected neurons from ischemic (low oxygen) damage as is often seen after strokes or injuries.6
Yet more studies have found creatine may play a therapeutic and or protective role in Huntington's disease7, 8 as well as ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).9 This study found that "? oral administration of creatine produced a dose-dependent improvement in motor performance and extended survival in G93A transgenic mice, and it protected mice from loss of both motor neurons and substantia nigra neurons at 120 days of age.
Creatine administration protected G93A transgenic mice from increases in biochemical indices of oxidative damage. Therefore, creatine administration may be a new therapeutic strategy for ALS." Amazingly, this is only the tip of the iceberg showing creatine may have therapeutic uses for a wide range of neurological disease as well as injuries to the brain.
One researcher who has looked at the effects of creatine commented, "This food supplement may provide clues to the mechanisms responsible for neuronal loss after traumatic brain injury and may find use as a neuroprotective agent against acute and delayed neurodegenerative processes."
Creatine and heart function
Because it is known that heart cells are dependent on adequate levels of ATP to function properly, and that cardiac creatine levels are depressed in chronic heart failure, researchers have looked at supplemental creatine to improve heart function and overall symptomology in certain forms of heart disease.
It is well known that people suffering from chronic heart failure have limited endurance, strength and tire easily, which greatly limits their ability to function in everyday life. Using a double blind, placebo-controlled design, 17 patients aged 43 to 70 years with an ejection fraction | <urn:uuid:4ce5d18c-a33d-4de5-84d2-b854b8b32c74> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://articles.pointshop.com/Articles/Supplements/Creatine-More-than-a-Sports-Nutrition-Supplement | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.949916 | 1,933 | 3.078125 | 3 |
“And let the peace of God rule in your hearts, to the which also ye are called in one body; and be ye thankful.”
As children of God we are set to a higher standard; not because of who we are, but rather Whose we are.
We are bought with a price.
God gave His only begotten Son to shed His precious blood for our sins.
Paul wrote to the people of Colosse under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit and admonished them how to live as unto the Lord.
“Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels of mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, longsuffering; Forbearing one another, and forgiving one another, if any man have a quarrel against any: even as Christ forgave you, so also do ye. And above all these things put on charity, which is the bond of perfectness.”
These same attributes should be seen in our lives as the Lord’s children.
Merciful. Kind. Humble. Meek. Longsuffering.
“Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God. And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.”
When we come to God in prayer with our needs with thankful hearts as we ask for His help, we are promised to have peace which passeth all understanding.
“Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee: because he trusteth in thee.”
Let His peace rule within your heart today.
Chaos and confusion abound all around us, but through it all we can endure it peacefully because of Him.
“Rooted and built up in him, and stablished in the faith, as ye have been taught, abounding therein with thanksgiving.”
Jeremiah 45-46 | Psalm 53-55
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Delight Thyself Design Ministries, Inc.
All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:5c659772-bed0-4a5b-bf21-b722633694af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.delightthyself.com/devotional/november-5-peaceful-thankful | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.953411 | 528 | 1.585938 | 2 |
آثار کمبود خواب بر روی سطح کورتیزول سرم و بهداشت روان در خدمتکاران
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|30889||2015||7 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||4760 کلمه|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : International Journal of Psychophysiology, Volume 96, Issue 3, June 2015, Pages 169–175
This study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on serum cortisol level and mental health and explore the correlations between them in servicemen. A total of 149 out of the 207 Chinese servicemen were randomly selected to go through 24 hour sleep deprivation, leaving the rest (58) as the control group, before and after which their blood samples were drawn for cortisol measurement. Following the procedure, all the participants were administered the Military Personnel Mental Disorder Prediction Scale, taking the military norm as baseline. The results revealed that the post-deprivation serum cortisol level was positively correlated with the factor score of mania in the sleep deprivation group (rSp = 0.415, p < 0.001). Sleep deprivation could significantly increase serum cortisol level and may affect mental health in servicemen. The increase of serum cortisol level is significantly related to mania disorder during sleep deprivation.
As China has been going more and more industrialized, sleep loss has become increasingly serious in China. According to a survey about sleep in 2002, an estimated 45.4% people in China were suffering from sleeping problems and an estimated 28% of them had insomnia. Based upon the latest survey published by the Chinese Sleep Research Association in 2010, the estimated incidence of insomnia in China has reached as high as 38.2%. Hence, insufficient sleep duration has become a prevalent issue in our society, tending towards worse. Sleep is commonly viewed as a restorative process that influences homeostatic regulation of the autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune system (Dinges et al., 1995 and Krueger and Toth, 1994) and maintains normal physical functioning for all humans regardless of sex, age or ethnic origin (RECHTSCHAFFEN and BERGMANN, 2002). Since sleep plays an important role in learning, memory processing, cellular repair and brain development (Dinges, 2006, Graven, 2006, Stickgold and Walker, 2007 and Tononi and Cirelli, 2006), sleep deprivation as a stressor could exert great influence upon cognitive function, motor performance and emotion (Chee and Chuah, 2007 and Kahn-Greene et al., 2007), affecting the neuroendocrine stress systems and aggravating depression, anxiety and other mental disorders in the long term (Meerlo et al., 2008). Circadian rhythmicity and sleep play important roles in the regulation of plasma cortisol concentration by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (Guyon et al., 2014). Experimental evidence indicates that sleep deprivation may affect cortisol levels and its circadian rhythm (Thorsley et al., 2012). Numerous studies have found links between sleep and changes in cortisol concentration, but the implications of these results have remained largely qualitative. A couple of studies showed that sleep deprivation or sleep loss had demonstrated to result in a significant elevation of cortisol levels (Lac and Chamoux, 2003 and Omisade et al., 2010). This negative relationship has been advocated by several correlational studies (Balbo et al., 2010), as well as by experimental studies on total or partial sleep deprivation (Rodenbeck et al., 2002 and Vgontzas et al., 2003). On the other hand, sleep deprivation is considered to be able to affect various affective disorders, depression in particular, positively (Voderholzer et al., 2004) or negatively (Rao et al., 2009). A study on chronically restricted sleep inducing depression-like changes in neurotransmitter receptor sensitivity and neuroendocrine stress reactivity in rats indicated that disrupted and/or restricted sleep might contribute to the symptomatology of mood disorders (Novati et al., 2008), though the possibility of other factors influence such as forced physical activity exists. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, higher cortisol levels, a decrease in glucocorticoid receptors and lower negative feedback in bipolar disorder episodes were found during euthymia, depression and mania (Daban et al., 2005 and Fries et al., 2009). The study of acutely hospitalized manic patients reports elevated plasma cortisol levels (Cookson, 1985). According to recent studies, sleep deprivation could affect neuroendocrinology and affective disorder at the same time, and neuroendocrine maladjustment maybe the reasons of affective disorder. We hypothesize that neuroendocrine maladjustment is closely linked with mental disorders during sleep deprivation. Previously, some sleep deprivation studies were based upon animal subjects, the conclusion of which could hardly apply onto human body. Small sample size has also been one of the shortcomings among the few sleep deprivation studies based on human subjects. Particularly, studies on endocrine hormone changes effects induced by sleep deprivation on affective disorder with a sample size more than 30 are scarcely seen in general population groups, let alone special population groups, such as the military personnel. In military settings, where irregular sleep schedules are common due to operational constraints, a research about U.S. Army officers showed that soldiers slept only 3.0 h during the exercise and some of them were active throughout (Lieberman et al., 2005). To the best of our knowledge, up to now, there has been no commonly accepted conclusion concerning the mechanism by which sleep deprivation induces affective disorders, such as mania and depression. In our study, based upon our previous researches, we found out that serum renin, angiotensin II, and cortisol, serum dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine increase induced by sleep deprivation (Sun et al., 2013) and serum renin, cortisol were closely linked with mental resilience (Sun et al., 2014). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate effects of cortisol level change induced by sleep deprivation upon mental status and to determine the optimum cut-off value of serum cortisol as a biochemical indicator to predict mental status change in servicemen. | <urn:uuid:b374e7eb-8e3c-40d6-92b3-b24987e731e6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://isiarticles.com/article/30889 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910164 | 1,419 | 1.78125 | 2 |
It's a flammable issue that didn't go unmentioned in this weeks Presidential address
"...The price at your local pump has been going up and up, and because it is an election year, so has the political rhetoric," said President Obama. [WEB EXTRA: The President's address is at the bottom of the article]
AAA reports that the national average for a gallon of gas is about $3.84. And drivers in California, Hawaii and New York are really feeling the pain at the pump. Prices there already average more than four bucks a gallon.
Gas prices dominated President Obama’s weekly address. (link out0
He took a jab at GOP Presidential Candidate Newt Gingrich over the issue.
“Any career politician who promises some three-point plan for two-dollar gas isn't looking for a solution,” said President Obama. “They're just looking for your vote.”
Some Republicans were quick to counter-punch.
Gingrich has made this claim central to his campaign, that gas could be offered at $2.50 a gallon.
“This president doesn't understand the economy,” said Mitt Romney. “He's an economic lightweight and he's made decisions that have hurt the American people.”
“As you know, energy prices ripple through the entire economy and drive prices up everywhere,” said Rick Santorum. “It's going to hurt average folks out there trying to make ends meet.”
With some primaries still ahead, Republican hopefuls are pumping up their rhetoric on the issue. | <urn:uuid:c21b1186-967b-43e7-b35c-f3f75ee142e3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wtvr.com/2012/03/18/politics-at-the-pump/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981539 | 331 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Witnesses to history: What the Irish martyrs died and lived for
April 2022 | Thomas J. Morrissey | The Irish Catholic
On 27 September 1992, Pope John Paul II beatified sixteen Irishmen and one Irish woman. They are the 17 about whom sometime president of Ireland Dr Mary McAleese writes in her latest book.
Each one of them chose to die a martyr rather than deny their faith in the teaching of the Catholic Church. They lived during the 16th or 17th centuries, eras marked by fierce struggles on issues of religion and power. In Ireland the English government determined to impose both Protestantism and political conquest on the majority Catholic population. In the resultant turbulence, hundreds of thousands died: among them hundreds of men and women whom tradition remembered as dying purely for religious reasons.
By 1904 documentation existed of some 460 reputed martyrs. A tribunal was established to examine their case for sanctification. After examination, 257 cases were admitted for further examination by the Roman Sacred Congregation of Rites.
Over the years, some 80 researchers worked on the material, producing about 40,000 pages. The task seemed endless. In 1936, the Roman adviser, Fr Antonelli, suggested that they direct their attention to the strongest and best documented candidates.
In 1975 Dr Ryan, the Archbishop of Dublin, brought the work under the control of a special Diocesan Commission composed of a group of dedicated historical scholars. After years of work in the archives of the Continent and of Britain and Ireland, the evidence emerged for the 17 Irish people beatified by Pope John Paul II. Their stories are told here by Mary McAleese. Her work is based solidly on the extensive reports of the Diocesan Commission and is presented in a lively style with a historical imagination that captures the interest of the reader.
The author takes care to place each candidate in his/her historical context. This is done most fully in the case of the first candidate chosen, Patrick O’Haly, the first Irish bishop to die for the Faith in Ireland. The history of the English Protestant Reformation is outlined from Henry VIII to Queen Elizabeth, and the role of Spain as the main Catholic power to which Irish leaders looked for support.
O’Haly became an Observant Franciscan and while studying on the Continent sought aid from King Philip II of Spain for his friend James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald, who was planning an invasion of Ireland. Fitzmaurice landed with a small force, was soon killed himself, and his venture failed. O’Haly sought aid for Fitzmaurice but took no part himself in any armed undertaking.
Appointed bishop of Mayo by the Pope, however, O’Haly did return and eventually, accompanied by a fellow Franciscan, Conn O’Rourke, was captured near the strong garrison town of Kilmallock, Co. Limerick. Both men refused inducements to give up their religion in return for their lives and preferments, were savagely tortured, and then hanged-drawn-and-quartered. Subsequently, their bodies were left hanging for several days open to the mockery of government supporters.
Each of the martyrs were distinctive personalities with their own special histories. They were composed of two bishops, an archbishop, a number of men from religious orders, mainly priests, and six lay people. The lay persons included four from Wexford – a baker, Matthew Lambert, and three seamen, Patrick Cavanagh, Edward Cheevers and Richard Meyler. Their crime was that they gave shelter and assistance to a priest on the run who sought to escape to the Continent.
Refusing to deny their faith, they were hanged, drawn, and quartered. The remaining lay victims died in prison for their religious beliefs, refusing all inducements to accept the queen as head of the Church. They were from Dublin: Francis Taylor, a prominent citizen and former lord mayor, and Mrs Margaret Ball, also a prominent citizen, who had two sons who became lord mayors of the city. One of the sons became a very bitter anti-Catholic Protestant. He had his own mother imprisoned and left her to languish in penury and primitive conditions until she died.
The book has a helpful introduction which explains the significance and role of martyrdom in Ireland and gives the history of research into the Irish martyrs from 1904 to the beatification of the 17 in 1992. The work on the remaining candidates continues.
There are some generalisations about the Irish people and their religious adherence which are discomforting to a historian, particularly the less than accurate comparison of the English population’s embracing of the new state religion unlike the “devoutly defiant” Irish, who were “made of different stuff”.
The book is attractively presented. Almost inevitably, with so much historical material, there is the occasional omission in proof reading, but such minor blemishes do not take from the power and relevance of the story of these Irish martyrs.
Their relevance may seem remote to many in the present-day Irish Republic, but at the present time thousands of people around the world are still dying because of persecution for their religious beliefs, and the echoes of the religious wars of the 16th and 17th centuries still resound in the northern section of our country, as well as in the Middle East and Asia.
A distinctive mark of the martyrs was their unconditional forgiveness of their persecutors. A true test of our Christian identity today, as the author observes, is to find loving forgiveness of past enemies, “to forgive the history we inherited and to build a new history where Christians do in fact love one another no matter what and in spite of everything”.
The 17 Irish Martyrs by Mary McAleese is available for purchase here. | <urn:uuid:63313374-f6db-46af-86f4-bdb901dc18a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://columbabooks.com/17-irish-martyrs-reviewed-in-the-irish-catholic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.974833 | 1,199 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Paris negotiators say they’re ignoring the skeptics. That’s a change from the past.
LE BOURGET, France — It’s not easy being a climate skeptic in Paris these days.
Even countries where climate change doubters traditionally sat in the upper echelons of government — Canada, Australia, the United States, Russia — diplomats have moved beyond questioning global warming to debating what, and how much, to do about it.
That leaves little interest in the remaining outliers at the COP21 summit, which is due to end later this week.
America’s conservative Heartland Institute drew a crowd of no more than a few dozen to a Monday event dubbed, “bringing climate realism to Paris.” Republican Senator Jim Inhofe, the most vocal climate denier in the U.S. Congress, isn’t expected to attend this year, after jetting to a string of past United Nation climate summits to taunt delegates and preach his gospel that global warming is a hoax.
Even the businesses trying to get in on the climate change action, by touting natural gas or Saudi Arabian solar power, have been relegated to a separate tent about a 15-minute walk from the Blue Zone where negotiations are taking place.
“I don’t know anyone who is taking them seriously,” Alden Meyer, director of strategy and policy for the Union of Concerned Scientists and a long-time COP observer, said of skeptics and deniers.
It’s one thing to come to the COP21 to debate the way countries make and meet their voluntary emissions reduction pledges, or whether they adopt carbon pricing or nuclear energy or other possible solutions, Meyer added.
“But if you want to come here and deny the problem, you’re not going to get anyone to hear you out. There’s no delegation here that is denying that this problem is here and we need to take action,” he said.
That hasn’t stopped some of the most prominent outliers from dropping by.
Among them is Bjorn Lomborg, who calls himself a “climate policy skeptic,” rather than outright denier. Lomborg, a Danish academic, says that global warming is happening, but argues that the world’s strategy of reducing greenhouse gas emissions will fail to make a dent, and will come at a crippling economic cost.
He is a divisive figure, whose very mention on Twitter draws fierce attacks from climate and environmental advocates who point to the long list of studies discrediting his research.
But Lomborg didn’t come to Paris to influence the negotiations directly. His focus is on public opinion.
“I meet with a lot of people that you’d probably think would hate me,” he told POLITICO, naming a few well-known NGO leaders.
“Of course, my main point for being here is exactly to make sure that we don’t just hear the standard, sanitized version of what the climate negotiations are. So my main purpose is to meet with journalists,” he said.
Asked if he planned to meet with government negotiators, he said: “I’ve said hi to some of them,” and added that their priority is to get an agreement, regardless of what it says.
“So in some ways my advice to them would be phenomenally unhelpful inside the negotiating halls, but it’s phenomenally useful for everyone else to be reminded ‘Oh, wait, are we actually going down the right track?’”
‘What the science says’
A recurring theme before and during this year’s COP21 summit is that climate change is irrefutable — and that record-setting heat waves, cyclones, droughts and floods prove it is already inflicting serious damage.
The U.K.’s Met Office announced in November that the global temperature had reached 1 degree Celsius above pre-industrial levels this year, for the first time. Governments agreed at the 2010 summit in Cancun to keep the temperature rise “to a maximum” of 2 degrees, and adjusted the goal to “no more than 2 degrees” a year later in Durban.
“Nobody questions what the science says,” Miguel Arias Cañete, the European Union’s climate action and energy commissioner, told reporters on Monday. “If we don’t question what the science says, why don’t we follow the pathway science gives us?”
That’s a change from previous COPs. Just before the start of the 2009 Copenhagen summit, a group of climate change skeptics seized on emails leaked from the University of East Anglia, which they interpreted as indicating that scientists were lying about global warming and trying to cover up a drop in world temperatures. The fuss caused disarray at the Copenhagen COP, but the claims were later disproved by a number of scientific organizations.
Still, at the time the hackers weren’t alone in dismissing the science on global warming.
Australia’s Tony Abbott called it “crap” during the first few days of the Copenhagen summit, before he became prime minister in 2013. Canada’s former Prime Minister Stephen Harper acknowledged that climate change was a problem but questioned whether it was caused by carbon dioxide emissions. Both lost their posts earlier this year to opponents who are more predisposed to a farther-reaching emissions deal.
Negotiators in Paris say they’re not paying any attention to the skeptics.
“You will still have climate deniers. But that number is shrinking in the face of overwhelming scientific and physical evidence and that’s a good thing,” James Fletcher, Saint Lucia’s minister for sustainable development, energy, science and technology, said in an interview. “I think it’s difficult for these climate skeptics to claim any legitimacy.”
Wanted: Climate criminals
Legitimacy was what the Heartland Institute was looking for on Monday.
While tens of thousands of government delegates, reporters and observers traveled to this suburb north of Paris for the eighth day of COP21 negotiations, the institute held its “Day of Examining the Data” conference in the city center, featuring talks from a string of climate skeptics and premiering a documentary hosted by one of the most prominent ones, Marc Morano, a former senior aide to Inhofe.
“People are very annoyed that we’re even here,” Morano, who has been attending U.N. climate summits for more than a decade, said in an interview. “They see us as the turd in the punch bowl. That’s the bottom line.”
Activists have even been petitioning to get his COP21 credentials revoked, he said. Indeed, the campaign group Avaaz has been hanging “Wanted” posters all over the city, bashing “the seven most insidious fossil fuel lobbyists in Paris,” including Morano and Lomborg.
But Morano seems to relish his role. “People are sort of just stunned,” he said of his presence.
Lomborg, likewise, sees himself as the lone voice of reason in a throng of people barreling in the wrong direction, but acknowledges that his message may be inconvenient.
“I’m the guy who’s saying, when we’re all going to the North Pole, maybe we should’ve gone to Spain instead,” he said.
Critics, however, are unmoved by the skeptics’ arguments.
“I think what Senator Inhofe did in the past worked tactically,” Brian Schatz, who was part of a delegation of 10 Democratic senators visiting Paris, told POLITICO. “But the idea that one U.S. senator could come here and hold a news conference and stop global momentum, I think is pretty far-fetched at this point.”
Inhofe — famous for tossing a snowball across the Senate floor and declaring climate change “the greatest hoax ever perpetrated against the American people” — has not entirely ruled out a last-minute visit, according to his spokeswoman.
Like Lomborg, however, his presence may not make much of a splash in the final days of negotiations.
“I really haven’t experienced their presence at all here,” said Meyer. “I don’t even know if they’re in the building.” | <urn:uuid:734814cb-8046-4b91-8b98-023be8b42c87> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.politico.eu/article/climate-change-cop21-paris-skeptics-deniers-lomborg-morano-inhofe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00026-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956832 | 1,792 | 1.960938 | 2 |
ELOS AQUA TEST KIT- Ammonia
Ammonia is the most lethal form of inorganic nitrogen produced in aquarium water.
The major source of ammonia in a well run aquarium, is from solid waste of fish and invertebrates, uneaten food, decaiyng leaves of plants.
Nature comes to our rescue as there are specialized bacteria (Nitrosomonas species) that "eat" ammonia , and strip away the hydrogen atoms. By the way, this bacterial population may be affected by many negative biochemical events.
In an established aquarium Ammonia should be zero, for these reason, the periodical analytical valuation of ammonia in the aquarium water should be considered by the serious aquarium enthusiast.
ELOS AquaTest NH4, as well as all the other colorimetric test kit of this line, grants an high precision thanks to several procedures like the use of "RealColor" technology, an accurate system to calibrate the colours chart compared to the reagents; the validation of its quality, thrugh NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology) certified samples, in order to grant accuracy and constant results; the carefull stock management to supply to our customers ONLY the most actual and fresh production batch.
Thanks to the use of Lab Quality reagents, our NH4 test, allows the determination of the Ammonia down to a level of only 0,05 mg/lt, really alerting on Ammonia presence, thus preventing delicate situation that may occour specially in reef aquarium.
* Easy reading: "RealColor" technology.
* High precision: thanks to the use of calibrated dropper
* NIST validation: each batch is validated using NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology) samples
* High number of test per kit: up to 50 tests
* "Safe reagents": reagents and testing procedures are based on Low Risk Reagents. None of Elos test kit are based on Toxic Reagents.
Questions on Elos Ammonia Test Kit
No questions asked yet | <urn:uuid:8f754d16-8eb2-4fd2-9ac7-bbc1e7f7d320> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aquacave.com/aquarium-test-kits/elos-test-kits/elos-ammonia-test-kit.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00482-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894208 | 420 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Greek Audio Links
Listening to a langauge and learning how to speak a language is necesery to advance to a level of fluency. Below are a number of links to sites with Greek radio and educational sites that use audio and multi-media in their web presentations.
Greeks for Christ International - Greeks For Christ International is based in Oakland, California and the radio program, The Greek Hour Of Hope,(31 yrs old) is distributed to stations in the US, Canada, Greece and Australia. They are also producing music, video/DVDs, other materials, hold conferences and conduct evangelistic campaigns. They published an "Olympic" bilingual New Testament and distributed already 25,000 copies at the Athens Olympics and since then.
Greek Christian Radio Station - A Christian radio station in Thessaloniki.
Live Greek News (Video) in Greek - Hear the day's news in Greek
BBC news in Greek - Hear the day's news in Greek
GreekAudio.com - A number of radio stations from Greece.
ILG Radio's International Broadcasting Web Directory - Lists of links to many radio stations in Greece.
Greek Biblos - This is a Modern Greek site that has the Old and New Testament online in Modern Greek. It also has a couple Greek fonts available, as well as a discussion board and other resources.
Loquendo - This site will read Greek for you. You can either type in the Greek using the Windows Greek keyboard or you can cut an paste Greek from the New Testament from a Unicode source without accents, like Curtis Hinson's site.
Great Audio CDs of Biblical Greek Chants (Modern Greek Pronunciation)
The liturgy of St. Chrysostom is a common historic liturgy to both western and eastern wings of Christianity. The hands down best recording of the "Devine Liturgy" is available on Amazon.com. Amazon's site has samples of many of the chants on the CD. Please listen to Psalm 102.
There is a beautiful audio CD of Orthodox Greek Chants from St. Anthony's Monastary. Here is the link to the CD.
Many of these links have audio files so you can hear examples of how historic Biblical Greek was pronounced.
Biblical Greek Reconstructed - Dr. Randall Buth has gone to great lengths to reconstruct the historic and authentic pronunciation of Biblical Greek at the time of Christ. You can listen to him read I John with this link.
Traditional Greek Hymns - This site has a number of samples of hymns with both male and female voices.
Audio of Chrysostom's Liturgy - You can listen to an hour liturgy online. The choir parts are very nice.
Greek-Language.com Alphabet - Micheal Palmer has a great site. This page compares the sounds of Modern Greek and reconstructed Biblical Greek.
GreekLatinAudio.com - This site has a number of the books of the New Testament avaiable for listening in MP3 format. The pronunciation is nice and fast but a little low in tone. The pronunciation of gamma is a little too hard, especially when preceding ee sounds -- a good resource nonetheless.
Practical Erasmian Pronunciation Survey - An informal survey of the variations with the Erasmian tradition
Erasmian Audio Files (Machen) - Great page with recorded sounds and animations showing how to write out each letter.
Berkeley Pronunciation Guide (Allen) - This is a great page with recorded sounds (male and female voices) of each letter and diphthong. They follow Allen except on (HU).
Ancient Greek Pronunciation (Allen) - Pronunciation chart with examples following the Allen convention
Erasmian Chart (Machen) - This is a good reference page for more pronunciation examples and instructions on writing the letters.
Jefferson's Opinion - Thomas Jefferson argues for the Erasmian pronunciation because he believes it is more historicaly accurate (1819).
Potter's Erasmian Explanation and Examples - Don Potter has a explanation of the Erasmian system. He includes the vowel triangle with audio aids.
New Testament Reading (Mounce) - Marilyn Phemister reads the New Testment using the Mounce style of the Erasmian pronunciation. The New Testament is Wescott-Hort Greek New Testament 1881.
Spiphanies - This is a fantastic audio gateway site for ancient Greek. There are many links to audio recordings for almost every classical Greek curriculum.
|If you think this site is helpful,
you can help us make it better. | <urn:uuid:15f6254a-26d2-451a-ac45-3a4cb80e0cdd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.biblicalgreek.org/links/audio.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00269-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906725 | 945 | 1.914063 | 2 |
CHARLES SCHULZ IS FOND of expressing the self-deprecating comment that cartoonists are people who are not exceptionally talented at either drawing or writing.
His logic is that an extremely talented artist would gravitate toward finer art than cartoon work and, similarly, the best writers would stick to writing for a living.
While we recognize Mr. Schulz's modesty in his assessment of what he does for a living, we take issue with it.
Coordinating artwork and writing on a daily basis in a clever way that touches people and makes them laugh is an art form of itself. And Mr. Schulz proved himself -- in a spectacular "Peanuts" career that has lasted almost 50 years -- to be an absolute master of it.
The carefully crafted wit ranged from gentle philosophical discussions to Snoopy's zany antics but always tailored to a child's point of view -- no adults ever appeared in "Peanuts."
His medium was ink on paper, his creativity seemed endless and his audience was staggering. More than 355 million of daily readers of "Peanuts" follow the antics of Snoopy, Charlie Brown, Linus and other memorable characters of the "Peanuts" gang in 21 languages and 75 countries.
It goes to show that humor is the universal language.
Mr. Schulz stipulated that 'Peanuts' would someday endIt all began on Oct. 2, 1950, when "Peanuts" -- a title selected by the syndicate and one that Mr. Schulz never really liked -- began in seven newspapers. From that modest beginning, the strip became the most widely syndicated comic strip in history, reaching more than 2,600 newspapers.
And that was only the beginning of the exposure that the "Peanuts" characters would have in our society. The comic strips would be collected in dozens of books. Animated television specials and movies appeared. Merchandising of hundreds of items allowed fans to display the "Peanuts" gang in many ways. Most children recognized Snoopy, Woodstock and others characters created by Mr. Schulz long before they were old enough to read them in the newspaper.
Mr. Schulz's creation was finite. His contract specified that "Peanuts" would not be continued after his death with other writers and artists as so many other comic strips have done. But the 77-year-old cartoonist had never discussed retirement before he was diagnosed with colon cancer.
As those who toil under daily deadlines, we fully understand Mr. Schulz's desire to concentrate on recuperation from surgery and treatment for the cancer without having to deal with deadline pressure.
But we regret the health problem that brought him to the unplanned retirement from "Peanuts." It is hard to picture what the comic pages of the newspapers of the world will be like without Snoopy, Charlie Brown and their companions.
Mr. Schulz's marvelous talent has brought entertainment and laughter to millions of people. We wish him the very best during his retirement and his battle with cancer.
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VT154 Audible Voltage Continuity Tester-Solenoid Type
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Author: Kate Sunners
Like the tango is to the two-step, the tender is to the average grant-application. Tenders can be complex and time-consuming beasts requiring greater depth in planning and responses, more evidence and preparation of attachments.
Don’t panic! Break it down into manageable pieces! Here are a few tips to remember when writing your tender.
1. Read ALL the tender documents – and highlight the criteria! Are the criteria weighted? Are some more important than others? Does your project satisfy those criteria?
2. Check what attachments you’ll need as a first step- attachments like letters of support can often take the longest time to pull together! Some of the attachments commonly required for Government tenders as an indicator are:
-Project Management Plan
-Independent Cost Benefit Analysis
-Written confirmation of cash and in-kind contributions
-Audited financial statements
-Risk Management Plan
-Asset Maintenance/Management Plan (for capital works and equipment funding)
-Evidence of Experience/Capacity to deliver the project
-Letters of Support
3. Make sure you can answer all criteria before you sit down to write – if you don’t have the answers, make a list of all the information you need and hassle the relevant people til you get it!
4. Ask yourself if you have the necessary evidence to support your tender application? When making any claims about your project or your organisation’s work and its outcomes/impacts you need to be able to back this up with evidence! Government funding is all about proof of accountability, experience, and value for money (outcomes for $). Keep in mind that the assessor will be looking for indicators of these things as they read responses.
5. Use the language in the tender documents in your responses
6. Answer questions fully, even if you’ve covered some of the same information in previous responses. It may not be the same assessor reading each response to criteria.
Tango with us!
If you need assistance putting your tenders together, give us a call as soon as you have decided to apply (the longer the lead time the better with tenders!). Strategic Grants is experienced in working with organisations to produce high-quality tenders, and can also provide critiquing to help you identify areas to be strengthened or gaps in information/responses to criteria. | <urn:uuid:fedf934e-2096-42cf-96e8-1f40dd251133> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.strategicgrants.co.nz/2017/08/30/tender-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.907105 | 503 | 1.679688 | 2 |
“People in my generation have a responsibility that they’re not standing up to,” Alistair Allan says of Gen Y.
“When I look at the rest of my generation, most of them, they drive me insane because they are very inactive.”
The environmental activist is on his way to Antarctica for his second anti-whaling campaign with Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. He’s on board their newest vessel, the SSS Sam Simon, and at 21 years of age, is the youngest volunteer crew member on that ship.
Although home is Brisbane (“because that’s where my stuff is, in my parents house”), it was growing up in Hervey Bay that first set him on this course.
A job at 16 on a whale watching vessel “really got me connected to the water and oceans and working on ships, which I really enjoyed,” he says.
Politically driven hardcore and punk music also introduced the teenager to both human and animal rights issues, leading him to become vegan. By the time he was on a gap year in Spain, in 2010, serendipity took him to a port in Barcelona, where Sea Shepherd’s SSS Steve Irwin ship was docked.
Allan volunteered, working on the vessel for about a month. The following year, he was asked to work on the SSS Bob Barker and he’s been on Sea Shepherd ships ever since.
In Antarctica last year, he was in the small boat crews. “We really got out there in the front lines of taking on the whaling fleet and it was just an amazing experience,” he says.
On one occasion, the small boat he was in came “nose to nose” with one of the Japanese whaling ships and they were hit by water canons. Such confrontations, common as part of Sea Shepherd’s direct action techniques, don’t scare Allan.
“Not at all,” he says. “The adrenalin is so high and, really, a little bit of a red film drops down because you’re so angry that they are down there doing what they’re doing so you really want to do everything you can to stop them,” he says of the Japanese whalers, who, despite a 1986 International Whale Commission ban on commercial whaling, continue to do so in the name of research.
For Operation Zero Tolerance, Sea Shepherd’s ninth annual Antarctic anti-whaling campaign, Allan will be working in the deck department as bosun’s mate.
“Working on ships gives me a really big buzz. I get quite dorky about ship-things and get excited by things like nice chain or nice rope or nice bolts,” he says of his role on the Sam Simon, one of four ships Sea Shepherd is taking down to the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary this month.
Last week, Sea Shepherd founder Paul Watson stepped down as head of SSCS Australia and USA, to comply with an order from the 9th Circuit court of the United States.
For Allan, the opportunity to work with an organisation that makes an immediate difference is what’s important to him.
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In the crucial second round of the U.S. presidential selection process, New Hampshire primary voters revived (Union Leader) two familiar Washington figures—Sen. Hillary Clinton (D-NY) and Sen. John McCain (R-AZ). Analysts credited Clinton and McCain, third- and fourth-place finishers, respectively, in last week’s Iowa caucuses, with running vigorous campaigns highlighting their candor and capability. Their efforts seem to have connected with both Democrats and Republicans in the state, where the economy was cited as the top concern. Exit polls indicated that Iraq remained a major concern for voters of both parties, and both immigration and terrorism were listed among top priorities by Republicans, though neither made the Democratic voters’ list.
Exit polls showed distinct differences among voters for McCain and runner-up Mitt Romney, with 46 percent of those supporting McCain placing Iraq as their top issue (CNN). McCain has been a leading Republican backer of the Bush administration’s surge policy in Iraq, but surveys show he also garnered a strong share of independent voters dissatisfied with the White House (CBS). A large margin of Romney supporters considered illegal immigration the most important issue. On the Democratic side, the initial distinctions reported were demographic, with Iowa caucus winner Sen. Barack Obama (D-IL) continuing to poll well among voters aged 18-29 and with a resonating message of change. Clinton won the majority of New Hampshire’s large pool of women voters and did extremely well with voters valuing experience.
The New Hampshire results shook up both party races (WSJ). For the Republicans, the McCain win sets the stage for a tough battle in January 15 primaries in Michigan, where Romney’s father previously served as governor. The economy will figure even more prominently as an issue due to the state’s sharp loss of manufacturing jobs (NYT).
Analysts say Obama remains a formidable candidate and both he and Clinton are considered to be in good shape approaching their party’s next tests—the Nevada caucuses on January 19 and the South Carolina primary a few days afterward. The third-place finishers—Iowa GOP winner Mike Huckabee and Iowa Democratic runner-up John Edwards—vowed to press on with a nationwide campaign as well.
Though small in electoral stature like Iowa, New Hampshire is seen by some as more representative of the country, with what BusinessWeek calls a “globally oriented services-based economy and rapidly growing exurban communities.” So the New Hampshire results will be watched especially closely by strategists plotting the next month’s busy primary campaigns. Eleventh-hour campaigning by candidates such as Clinton and Huckabee tapped into economic concerns, hitting particularly on rising energy costs. Clinton referred to an “energy crisis” with consequences “for our economy, for our security, for the problem of global warming” (NYT).
Aside from powerful campaign rhetoric about change, the sharper policy contrasts have been between the two parties rather than within each party’s ranks. Romney did outpoll McCain by more than three to one among New Hampshire voters who said illegal immigration was their top issue. But after a campaign marked by infighting over the issue, Republican candidates largely agree on the need to tighten security at the border, as expressed in a January 5 debate in New Hampshire.
In the final Democratic debate before the New Hampshire polls, the candidates squabbled over the extent of expanding government health care but they all favor such a move. The Democratic front-runners have also clearly projected a slowdown in free trade agreements, and generally embrace the same ideas on broadening energy alternatives and combating global warming. Outside of economic matters, they generally approve of an early withdrawal of troops from Iraq, just as most Republican candidates, with the exception of Rep. Ron Paul (R-TX), generally support the troop surge in Iraq. | <urn:uuid:4a39103c-6e3d-4557-8f5b-6eac5542fa9d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cfr.org/united-states/mccain-clinton-take-round-two/p15205 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00342-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963271 | 783 | 1.679688 | 2 |
WASHINGTON (AP) -- The House on Monday approved a bill that would earmark up to $600 million over the next three years for salmon habitat improvements and research in Alaska and four other Western states.
The proposal would set aside 15 percent of the funds for tribes to aid endangered and threatened salmon and divide the rest equally among the five states -- Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California and Idaho.
The bill by Rep. Mike Thompson, D-Calif., writes into law the West Coast salmon initiative that four western governors proposed in 1998 and for which President Clinton has sought money over the past two years.
States can use the money to improve salmon habitat, reduce runoff and increase salmon research, among other activities.
The bill, approved by unanimous consent, is only a first step. Northwest lawmakers need to persuade congressional appropriators that the salmon initiative is worth funding. So far, that hasn't been easy.
President Clinton requested $100 million for the West Coast initiative last year. Congress approved $58 million.
Clinton asked for $100 million again this year, but House and Senate spending bills -- which have yet to gain final approval -- again set aside $58 million.
Northwest lawmakers say that writing the West Coast program into law will make it easier for them to persuade Congress to approve money for the effort.
The region typically gains tens of millions of dollars each year in salmon funds in the budgets of the Army Corps of Engineers and National Marine Fisheries Service, and for a salmon treaty between the United States and Canada.
The governors of Alaska, Washington, Oregon and California first requested funds for their four states in 1998.
When Thompson's bill came before a House subcommittee in May, Rep. Mike Simpson, R-Idaho, asked that Idaho also be included. Thompson and other Northwest lawmakers agreed.
A Senate version of the bill has not been proposed, but Thompson is hopeful the Senate will take up the House bill before Congress adjourns next month, said his spokesman, Chris Chauncey.
On the Net: congressional web site: http://thomas.loc.gov/
The bill number is H.R. 2798.
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us | <urn:uuid:febed95e-4682-470a-ae44-57f3eda5c24b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://peninsulaclarion.com/stories/091800/ala_091800alapm0050001.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00197-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937154 | 448 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Guest post by Eric Beall, Vice President of A&R at Shapiro, Bernstein & Co. Eric is the author of Making Music Make Money and The Billboard Guide to Writing and Producing Songs That Sell, as well as the designer of the Music Publishing 101 course for Berklee College of Music's berkleemusic.com.
For most young bands on the early road trip to superstardom, the question of how to develop their music publishing business ranks well below “what is that funny grinding sound the van keeps making?” and “can we make it to Subway after the show?” Which is fair enough, given that few young bands understand how music publishing works, or what it can do.
Publishing is the invisible man of the music business, quietly working behind the scenes while the show goes on elsewhere. But if you’re lucky, the invisible man shows up twice a year with some money you didn’t even know you earned, which makes him someone worth getting to know better.
Music publishing is a valuable source of income primarily because making money is its only real function. Unlike the live performance business (“this gig doesn’t really pay, but it will be great exposure”) or the recording business (“ I know sales are weak, but we’re getting a lot of love at the blogs”), it does not suffer from mixed motives – music publishing is only intended to do one thing, and that is to turn your music into money. Songwriting is an art. Music publishing is a business. It is the business of turning your songwriting into income.
Write your own songs? You’re already a music publisher
If you’re an artist or part of a band that creates your own material, then music publishing is already a part of your business, even if you don’t know it yet. As soon as you create a song, you are not only the creator of that song, but also the publisher of it, which means you control and own the copyright. For songwriters, it’s not a case of how to find a music publisher or how to become one. You are one. It’s always a question of how to become a better music publisher.
There are a number of ways to improve your music publishing prowess, and being the self-serving music business weasel that I am, I’d have to suggest reading my book, Making Music Make Money, or checking out my online class, Music Publishing 101 at berkleemusic.com, as two good starting points. But you could also start by just doing it – grabbing the proverbial bull by the horns and seeing where it drags you.
So in the interest of on-the-job learning, let’s start with the first two crucial steps that will get you into business:
1. Know what you have
Sure, you have songs. But how much do you know about them? If you wrote them together as a band, does each of you own an equal share? Have you discussed it? And if you collaborated with someone outside of the band—let’s say a producer or additional musician—should that person own a share of the song? If so, do you know who publishes them, or how to reach them, should there be an opportunity for the song? Is there any other party (a manager, the studio who donated the time to record the song, a girlfriend who threw in the key lyrical line) who might have a claim to ownership in the song? The first job of a publisher is to know the catalog – what songs you have and how much you control.
2. Have what you need
A song that is nothing more than lyrics scribbled on the back of an empty pizza box and a chord progression neatly stored in the back of your brain, which can be shared only if someone happens to drop by your apartment, is not particularly useful on a music publishing level.
First of all, you’ll need a recording. But while you’re at it, make an instrumental mix as well (that lyric about the fallen angels of Satan may be a bit off-putting for a television show, but the music could work just fine) and an a cappella or piano/vocal (what if Avicii loves the melody and vocal and wants to remix it for his next set at Ultra Music Festival?). You should also have a lyric sheet on hand. Your audience may not listen to the lyrics, but you can bet that advertisers will.
Beyond that, make sure you have what you need to take advantage of all the opportunities for the song. If you’re a rock act, but you think the song could also go country, then you need a demo recording that shows it. If you think your song belongs in a TV show, then your rough recording of a live version with the crowd noise in the background isn’t going to be enough. You need a broadcast-ready WAV file that sounds like it belongs on the air.
I know it doesn’t sound like giant steps for mankind. But trust me, these two elements are the day-to-day bane of most music publishers’ existence. Millions of dollars are lost every year because people don’t know or can’t agree on what they and their co-writers own. Hundreds of potential uses of music slip away because no one can find an instrumental track fast enough for that music supervisor who needs it in an hour, or because no one was willing to invest the time and money to make a demo that could actually sell the song.
The first law of life is that nothing simple is simple. So start with the easy stuff, and if you get it right, you’ll already be ahead of most of the competition.
Stay tuned for part two, in which we’ll break down the next steps of getting your music publishing business off the ground. | <urn:uuid:f030ef94-91bb-425c-8fec-87b331c06090> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.sonicbids.com/two-things-you-must-do-to-start-making-music-publishing-income-from-your-songs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.961799 | 1,241 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Disney built its massive Princess empire — which now stretches from 1937's Snow White to 2012's Merida — by sanitizing the stories of the past. From Snow White to The Frog Prince, Disney excised fairy tales of their inherent horror — the rampant cannibalism, torture, and bloody mayhem characteristic of most traditional stories — in favor of a blanket policy of "happily ever after." The literary darkness was cleansed, but despite the company's best efforts, a social darkness has remained.
Disney has a sad history of gross racial stereotypes (from Dumbo's crows to Aladdin's ear-cutting barbarians) and highly problematic female characterizations and storylines (from Snow White's servitude to the Little Mermaid giving up her voice for love). The company's latest in a long string of controversies came last week with the news that Merida, the heroine at the heart of last year's Brave, was becoming a certified Disney Princess.
Last weekend, the fiery Scottish lass from the film received an official coronation at the Magic Kingdom — not as the rebellious girl introduced in Brave, but as a sparkling, made-over princess. Disney's redesign of the character tamed her unruly hair, expanded her breasts, shrank her waist, enlarged her eyes, plastered on makeup, pulled her (now-glittering) dress off her shoulders, and morphed her defiant posture into a come-hither pose. The bow-wielding Merida of Brave — a character who explicitly fought against the princess world her mother tried to push her into in the film — was becoming what she hated, and inadvertently revealing the enormously problematic nature of Disney's Princess line.
Let’s rewind. Disney began its empire with three princesses, Snow White, Cinderella, and Aurora, the Sleeping Beauty. Then, when Aurora woke from her slumber in the 1959 film, Disney began a slumber of its own: Three decades passed until Disney used a princess as a main character again, in 1989's The Little Mermaid. At first, the princess revival hinged on the same, tired narrative: The hunt for a prince, which required a young woman to give up her own voice and passions for the love of a man. But the arrival of Aladdin in 1992 showed that Disney's princess world could actually expand. There were still a number of problematic aspects in each film, but Disney's scope began to stretch beyond the lily-white princesses of its earlier films: Aladdin, Pocahontas, and Mulan brought new visions of what a "Disney Princess" could be, with the latter even stretching the barriers to show that Mulan — a princess in principle, if not in title — could also be a fierce warrior.
The evolution of Disney's princesses was stymied by the arrival of the Disney Princess line in the late 1990s. The Disney Princess franchise doesn't celebrate the increasingly diverse world of princesses; instead, it pulls back the progress the company had made, pushing the more forward-thinking female characters back into the reductive feminine stereotypes of the past.
The redesigned Disney princess line
Author Peggy Orenstein — the force behind the initial backlash to Merida's coronation — revealed the impact of "princess culture" on young women with her 2006 New York Times article "What's Wrong With Cinderella?" and subsequent book, 2011's Cinderella Ate My Daughter: Dispatches From the Front Lines of the New Girlie-Girl Culture. As a mother, Orenstein wrote about how excessive repetition of Princess products, which encompassed everything from pens to Band-Aids, had a significant effect on her daughter. It even informed how adults interacted with her child, offering "princess pancakes," pink balloons, and even a "princess chair" at the dentist's office.
Orenstein's experiences revealed not only the reductive world of pastel pink princesses, but also the growing struggle for mothers to create worlds of diverse opportunity for their daughters. Orenstein's own daughter read her distaste for what Cinderella represented as hatred for a woman: "There's that princess you don't like, Mama!… Don't you like her blue dress, Mama?… Then don't you like her face?"
Psychotherapist Mary Finucane, meanwhile, struggled with her daughter's even darker concerns. "She began refusing to do or wear things that princesses didn't do or wear," Finucane said of her 3-year-old daughter. "She had stopped running and jumping because princesses didn't do those things. That was about the time I stopped waiting for the phase to pass — when she stopped running." As Orenstein explains, princess culture was no longer just about fairy tale magic, but "a constant narrowing of what it means to be feminine."
Last year, Brave's Merida arrived as a character specifically designed to combat Disney's increasingly reductive princess archetype. In a petition drafted to fight Merida's redesign, A Mighty Girl founder Carolyn Danckaert includes Brave creator Brenda Chapman's inspiration for the film:
Because of marketing, little girls gravitate toward princess products, so my goal was to offer up a different kind of princess — a stronger princess that both mothers and daughters could relate to, so mothers wouldn't be pulling their hair out when their little girls were trying to dress or act like this princess. Instead they'd be like, 'Yeah, you go girl!'
Instead of celebrating the fiery spirit that made Brave the eighth top-grossing film of 2012, however, Disney chose to do the opposite, making her into exactly what Chapman (and Merida) were fighting against and ignoring Disney's own promotional video about "What it truly means to be a Princess."
Unfortunately, Merida isn't the only victim. Virtually every Disney princess has received a redesign that makes her look more like the others: Narrower jaws, larger eyes, smaller noses, and waists narrowed so drastically that the characters look as if Disney has marched them into a plastic surgeon's office for liposuction and rib removal. The characters of color have it even worse, with their features audaciously whitewashed: Mulan changes from a young Chinese woman into a girl with white, ruddy skin and plump lips; Pocahontas, meanwhile, gets lighter skin, chin implants, larger eyes and lips, and a much smaller nose. (Jasmine's makeover is more subdued — but like Mulan and Pocahontas, her skin lightens with every updated look.)
Top: (L-R) Mulan's redesign, Mulan from the original movie, and a slightly darkened Mulan from the Princess website. Bottom: Pocahontas's redesign and Pocahontas from the original movie.
These redesigns are in conflict with the films, which show Mulan hating the matchmaking makeup put on her, or Merida violently tugging at the oppressive fashions she has to wear. The redesigns come after the films — which means that the ultimate message is that these characters have found happiness in this restrictive femininity, as the nonstop Disney marketing that young children are subjected to on a daily basis begins to act as a real-world sequel to the films themselves.
Fortunately — though without taking any responsibility — Disney has started to quietly backtrack on some of these changes. Mulan's skin was darkened a touch on her official webpage (although it's still a far cry from the "reflection" video from the original film that's viewable just underneath her introduction), and Merida's 2D redesign was not included on her official Princess webpage at all.
After a week of silence, Disney finally responded to criticism at Disney-themed website Inside the Magic on Wednesday. In a statement, Disney Consumer Products says the controversy has been "blown out of proportion," since Merida's new look wasn't an official redesign, but a "one-time stylized version" to fit the specific needs of the coronation. (DCP goes as far as saying that Merida herself wanted to "dress up" for the coronation — conveniently ignoring that Brave specifically emphasized her distaste for that sort of thing.)
The company claims that the image used on the invitation is only the "official" version used for the ceremony, and not any other image circulating on the web. Unfortunately, even that limited qualification proves inaccurate. In the same statement, DCP admits there are other variations of Merida's coronation redesign being used for various retail stores, and the article includes a picture of a T-shirt emblazoned with the new version of the character.
As always, Disney is testing the limits of its consumers, with the pitch and ferocity of public unrest serving as the sole compass guiding the company's decisions. The Merida controversy mimics the arrival of The Princess and the Frog a few years ago. Before the film starred Tiana, the budding restaurantress of the final cut, it was supposed to be about Maddy, a chambermaid working for a rich white family, until backlash led to creative tweaks. When Disney Television's Princess Sofia was introduced as a Latina last year by the executive producer, the company backtracked, linking her ethnicity to a fictional kingdom to dodge growing questions about the young princess. Earlier this month, Disney actually planned to trademark the holiday Dia de los Muertos for an upcoming Pixar film, until protests made them change course.
But regardless of Disney's characteristic backpedaling, there are many who wish for the world of Disney Princesses to die altogether. That's an unrealistic goal in this market; as Orenstein once wrote: "'Princess,' as some Disney execs call it, is not only the fastest-growing brand the company has ever created; they say it is on its way to becoming the largest girls' franchise on the planet." Fortunately, there's no reason this behemoth of a brand can't learn the same lesson Disney's film division is slowly learning: That stories for young girls and boys alike can thrive by depicting young women who are interested in more than princes and pretty dresses. Many hate the term "princess" for what the brand currently represents: One very narrow version of femininity that has a significant impact on its young consumers' visions of themselves. But it's well within Disney's power to continue its successful brand while reflecting the lessons and diversity the films offer.
Creatives like Brave's Brenda Chapman have given Disney the opportunity to make "princess" a term encompassing many different embodiments of young women that live all kinds of "happy endings." Brave's young protagonist is a young princess who hates being forced to dress up and act regal. She just wants to shoot her bow and arrow and be brave like her dad — and ultimately, her happiness has nothing to do with finding a prince. (Some have chastised Disney for turning her into a princess, but let's not forget: She already was one!)
The truth is that, just as there are all kinds of women, there can be all kinds of princesses. We live in a world where even Barbie was an executive, astronaut, and surgeon in her early days, and can now be anything from a military officer to a race car driver to a computer engineer. So far, no matter how many adventures they've had on screen, the Disney Princess line has taken its characters and whittled them into uniform fembots. There's nothing brave about that — but it's not too late for Disney to accept its responsibility as a creator of family-friendly products and work not to narrow the worldview of young girls, but to expand it.
Editor's note: This article originally incorrectly identified the person who started the petition against Disney's Merida redesign. The petition was actually started by A Mighty Girl founder Carolyn Danckaert. We regret the error. | <urn:uuid:7f972299-a13c-4b20-a0f7-ea662c1f9f66> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theweek.com/articles/464290/girls-film-real-problem-disney-princess-brand | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00192-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964901 | 2,430 | 2.0625 | 2 |
February 8, 2013 (KHARTOUM) - The US administration said it was deeply alarmed by the recent surge of violence in Darfur and called on the Sudanese government to grant unfettered humanitarian access to all the region to deliver aid to needy civilians.
- US State Department spokesperson Victoria Nuland (photo State Dept)
US State Department spokesperson Victoria Nuland said in a statement released on Friday that recent tribal fighting in North Darfur and clashes between the Sudanese army (SAF) and rebels in Jebel Marra displaced over 100,000 people who are in need of humanitarian assistance.
The US diplomat pointed out that the number of civilians displaced in Darfur by the increase of violence in January 2013 is more than the total figures for 2012.
“To meet the humanitarian needs of those affected by these clashes, we call on the Sudanese government to grant UN agencies unrestricted access to all areas of Darfur”, Nuland said. She further appealed to Khartoum to work closely with the UN agencies and UNAMID in order to deliver humanitarian aid.
Clashes erupted in two areas in Jebel Marra in the last week of December 2012 when fighters from the Sudan Liberation Movement – Abdel Wahid (SLM-AW) took control of Jaldo and Golo in Central Darfur state.
UNAMID said both the Sudanese army and the SLM-AW have blocked humanitarian teams from reaching displaced civilians. However, the rebel group denied such restrictions and expressed a willingness to cooperate with UN agencies to deliver food to the needy.
In separate clashes on 5 January this year, fighting erupted in the Jebel Amir area, North Darfur state, between the Abbala and Beni Hussein tribes over control of the region’s lucrative gold mines.
The tribal clashes resulted in the mass displacement of some 70,000 people according to government figures. However, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported that at least 100,000 people have been displaced or affected by the fighting.
UNAMID reacted promptly to the humanitarian situation and sought to reach civilians who had fled en masse to Kabkabiya, Saraf Omra and Al Sereif towns.
However, in a report released on 11 January, the joint mission said Beni Hussein tribesman had prevented a verification patrol from reaching Jebel Amer on 7 January.
Nuland has further urged the Sudanese government to disarm militias in Darfur, to end air attacks and to implement the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur “as the basis for a more inclusive and effective peace process”. | <urn:uuid:d4c58cd0-60af-482d-9ac9-18b7340cb1d3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article45452 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719215.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00200-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940849 | 544 | 1.53125 | 2 |
1.6.16-17 (Cambyses and his son Cyrus speaking; tr. Walter Miller):
"[T]ell me what means you adopt to keep well yourself."
"In the first place, by Zeus," said Cyrus, "I try never to eat too much, for that is oppressive; and in the second place, I work off by exercise what I have eaten, for by so doing health seems more likely to endure and strength to accrue."
μνήσθητι σὺ πῶς πειρᾷ σαυτοῦ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι ὅπως ὑγιαίνῃς.
καὶ ὁ Κῦρος εἶπε· πρῶτον μὲν νὴ Δία πειρῶμαι μηδέποτε ὑπερπίμπλασθαι· δύσφορον γάρ· ἔπειτα δὲ ἐκπονῶ τὰ εἰσιόντα· οὕτω γάρ μοι δοκεῖ ἥ τε ὑγίεια μᾶλλον παραμένειν καὶ ἰσχὺς προσγενέσθαι. | <urn:uuid:08eb3298-0084-420a-9e0f-7362f1bd2824> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://laudatortemporisacti.blogspot.com/2014/01/diet-and-exercise.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00239-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.825365 | 402 | 1.578125 | 2 |
How to keep my feet warm in below zero temps ?
Posted 20 November 2008 - 09:03 PM
Posted 20 November 2008 - 09:19 PM
before i got these waders i put a pack of the small hand warmers in each boot, kept me nice and warm also... other then that i was doing the same you are fish for 10, walk for 5 so on and so forth.....
good luck keeping warm
Posted 20 November 2008 - 09:31 PM
PS. I wear breathables. Polypropylene underwear is the ticket!!
Edited by verminator, 21 November 2008 - 03:35 AM.
Posted 20 November 2008 - 09:37 PM
Posted 20 November 2008 - 09:52 PM
Posted 20 November 2008 - 09:55 PM
Posted 20 November 2008 - 09:59 PM
You need a good quality boot with as thick a sole as possible.
I remember awhile back looking at Kamic or Sorel boots. The only real appreciable diffence between the -25 and -75 degree rated boots was the thickness of the sole of the boot.
Posted 20 November 2008 - 10:02 PM
Yup and Ill add one other thing. KEEP MOVING YOUR TOES and feet if theyre cold. Trust me. excercise
The best thing in cold temps is oversize bootfoots (you don't want them tight at all) plus a wicking sock followed by a pair of Merino Wool socks.
Posted 20 November 2008 - 10:20 PM
Keeping FEET warm starts with the HEAD.
80% of your body heat is lost from your neck up. Keep your head, neck and face covered as much as possible. Use a wind breaker barrier over your toque. Wool hats and fleece are good but you need to keep the warm air IN so keep a hood or wind proof hat on over the thermal layer. Ball caps are NOT designed for cold weather. IF you MUST have your favorite - lucky ball cap then use as an extra layer. Still have an insolating layer and a wind breaking layer.
When I hear people complain about being cold outside and they don't have proper headwear, they don't get any sympothy from me.
(This same rule applies to hands.)
Next: Dress in layers. The key is to AVOID OVERHEATING - AVOID SWEATING!!! Do NOT use COTTON.
Your FIRST LAYER should have wicking properties and be made from a hyrophobic material such as Polypropolene, capolene, or a polyester. Make sure that there is no cotton content. Throw out the cotton long johns...they don't work. Cotton might feel good but it absorbes moisture / sweat (= water) and holds it. That is your enemy in cold weather. What happens to water in freezing temps? My point exactly!
The Next layer or layers should be insolating layers. Wool, Fleece (polyester),down or a combination. If you must throw in a cotton sweatshirt, then it should be the final layer just under the wind breaker, but have a warm insolating wool or synthetic between it and you.
The final layer should protect you from the wind. If the weather is wet, then a waterproof barrier is a must. Waterproof breathables work very well, but can be expensive. Keep in mind that breathable or not, they have a habit of holding in moisture so proper venting in important. DO NOT OVERHEAT! Remember...Sweat is your enemy!
Jeans are ok for hanging around the house or local pub but leave them at home when you're out in the bush. Dress the bottom half of you, the same way you dress the top half. Dress in layers using synthetics or wool and a wind breaking layer.
THINK OF YOUR WADERS AS THE WINDBREAKING / WETproof layer. The extra concern with waders is that they do not breath as other clothing does so when you're done fishing for the day, change your other layers if you're going to be hanging out in the outdoors.
The FEET: First layer (BASE LAYER) ...Wicking / hyrophobic sock liners. They work great and are not that expensive. They are thin so won't take up extra space in your boots. You only need one pair as the dry very quickly between sock changes...YES SOCK CHANGES. Your next layer of socks should be WOOL or a high quality synthetic. NEVER, NEVER use COTTON SOCKS!!! I can not stress this enough. For some reason we all have a problem spending money on good socks. Do yourself a favor and bite the bullet on this one. Buy yourself a minimum of THREE good pairs of quality outdoor socks, from a quality outdoor store (examples: Thorlo's or Smartwool Expedition Trecking weight socks). They will run you anywhere from $15 to $25 a pair. I know... I KNOW!!!!!! It seems insane but trust me on this one. Keep these socks clean and under lock and key if you must but you asked how to keep your feet warm...and the most expensive Anarctic boots won't work properly without the proper socks. We spend hundred if not thousands on our outdoor gear. Socks are NOT the place to try to save a few bucks.
NOW... WHY THREE PAIR?? Ok...you might be able to get away with two, depending on how long you will be outdoors at any one time...BUT...the key here is to be able to CHANGE YOUR SOCKS OFTEN, NOT MUTIPLE LAYERS of heavy socks. Sometimes I will have on my wicking socks, then a thick wool sock then MAYBE a thinner synthetic but not always. When you start to feel your toes getting cold, it's because your socks are wet. Remember what I said about the head loosing 80% of your body heat? Well, your feet perspire from between half a cup to 3/4 of a cup of water per day. More if your really working up a sweat. Take a pair of socks and dunk them into that much water and see what I'm talking about. Socks, even good ones can't manage that much water throughout the day so they need to be changed often. When your toes get cold...CHANGE YOUR SOCKS!! SIMPLE. I take my liners off and wave them in the air for a few seconds, put them back on, then put a fresh pair of inslolating (wool) socks on. (the thick ones) If you have a second layer of sock you can just put those back on or change them if they feel damp or you see steam rising from them when you take them off. Another secret I've tried when I'm out in the bush for several days is to start using antiperspirent on your feet. It's probably not that good for you, so I don't make it a regulare practice, but it does help to manage a bit of the sweating problem. (You need to start applying it a couple of days before your outing.) This is NOT to take the place of GOOD SOCKS...but to augment it. As I said...I may resort to this when I'm out for several days. I can only carry so many socks. I change my socks anywhere from three to six times in a day, depending on temps. work load, etc. When you break for lunch, that's a good time to change if you haven't felt the need (cold toes)to do it sooner.
Your boots should have plenty of room for your toes to wiggle around in. (Warm air space) If they are stuffed in there tight and you can't move your toes, get thinner socks or use less socks. (Keep the base liners and one pair of wools).
The boots I use for standing around are Sorels (the -100F jobs with the removable layers of felt and air flow mesh stuff). I call them my Frankenstien boots. For active times (hiking, snowshoeing, setting up a camp) I use a boot designed more for movement. They are not as warm but are better for getting around in and wehn I'm moving around I don't need the extra warmth of the Sorels.
Lastly...move around when ever you can. Sitting in a chair or standing in one spot does not help the body to generate the energy to produce heat. If your feeling cool...getup...move around. Clap your arms around you...do juming jacks... go for a ten minute brisk walk. Remember keep the furnace stoked with plenty of food and water. EAT!
Posted 20 November 2008 - 10:20 PM
I have an extra sole liner to thicken the insulation from below, and a double layer of wool socks. I stay toasty.
Edited by bigugli, 20 November 2008 - 10:23 PM.
Posted 20 November 2008 - 10:30 PM
Put on waders
2. Early Morning,
Lots of liquids
4. Post dawn,
Posted 20 November 2008 - 11:55 PM
Worth every penny!
Posted 21 November 2008 - 12:04 AM
get a pair at least a size or 2 bigger and wear one pair of good wool socks, with the larger size boot the air will insulate better than anything with the warm sock, no air around foot means nothing to hold and trap the heat
found this out years ago and now never get cold feet
you can actually wear less of the right clothing in the correct configuration and be warmer than the guy all bundles up
ice fishing I only wear the cheap walmart rube socks with rubber insulated boots 1.5 sizes to big for my feet and never get cold
Posted 21 November 2008 - 03:19 AM
tip # 2 Southern comfort and hot chocolate isn't half bad when its -40.
tip # 3 when the whiskey freezes its time to check your fingers and see if they are still there.
Posted 21 November 2008 - 08:02 AM
I will spend the $1.50 everytime for 6/7 hours of PRIME fishing.
Think about it.... $0.20/ hr !
How much does your coffee cost and then you piss it out AFTER you are all bundled up!
Posted 21 November 2008 - 08:48 AM
Posted 21 November 2008 - 08:56 AM
Other tricks I'm going to try this year: Poly. socks, merino wool then neoprene socks. May be too much bulk but we'll see. Poly socks, merino wool socks then metalic insoles I see being sold at CT. The idea is the shinny layer will reflect the heat back to your feet. If these don't work, back to the foot warmers.
Posted 21 November 2008 - 09:01 AM
I always take out my insoles after every outing... a dry foot has a much better chance of staying warm, then a foot swimming in condensation.
Posted 21 November 2008 - 09:19 AM
First a pair of dress socks followed by a good pair of either burton snowboard socks or similar wool.
Best tip is when youre going to be fishing in an area for a while, loosen your wading boots right off, then tie em back tight when you need to hike to the next hole.
My hands are what limits the fishing time in the winter rivers...
Also by putting some cayenne pepper in your socks improves circulation to the feet....
Edited by troutologist, 21 November 2008 - 09:39 AM. | <urn:uuid:9c1bdacf-6a55-4ab3-90c7-cee41522e1f9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ontariofishingcommunity.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=25700 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00381-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935685 | 2,416 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Make a scrolling sign, or a small video display with this 8×8 gridded yellow-orange LED matrix. Only 1.2″ on a side, it is quite visible but not so large it wont plug into a breadboard! 64 amber 235mcd LEDs are contained inside the plastic body, in an 8×8 matrix. There are 16 pins on the side, 8 on each, with 0.1″ spacing so you can easily plug it into a breadboard with one row on each side for wiring it up.Since the display is in a grid, you’ll need to 1:8 multiplex control it. We suggest either using a 74HC595 and TPIC6B595 (using the 74HC’ to control the 8 anodes at once and then using the TPIC’ to drive one cathode at a time) or just using a singleMAX7219 which will do the multiplexing work for you.
The Arduino playground has a nice set of tutorials introducing the MAX7219 and 8×8 LED matrices
The datasheet contains all technical details for this part BL-M12A881UYO-11 | <urn:uuid:d50b88e4-f1ee-4f2c-9532-83297455a92f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://raspberry.com.ua/p/small-1-2-8x8-ultra-bright-yellow-orange-led-matrix-bl-m12a881uyo-11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.848265 | 258 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Diesel and Gasoline Prices Continue Decline
October 29, 2012
According to the Department of Energy's weekly report, all regions in the U.S. saw a drop in the price of diesel this past week.
Despite this continued decline in diesel prices, the national average price is still 13.8 cents above where the price per gallon was last year at this time.
The cheapest diesel can be found on the East Coast in the Lower Atlantic region, where diesel prices dropped an average of 9 cents to $3.92 per gallon.
The steepest decline in diesel prices was seen in the Midwest and on West Coast, where prices fell approximately 11 cents over last week's average price for a gallon of diesel.
California is still seeing the highest nationwide average for diesel prices although they experienced a decrease in diesel prices of 11.7 cents. Diesel is still, on average, $4.27 per gallon in the state.
Gasoline prices similarly experienced a decline this past week. Nationally, the average price for a gallon of gasoline decreased 11.9 cents to settle at $3.57. According to the report, average gasoline prices on the West Coast are still topping $4 per gallon, specifically $4.05.
Oil prices are also falling. Futures prices for December crude dropped 74 cents to settle at $85.54 a barrel Monday, according to published reports. Monday's $84.66 intraday low was the lowest price since July. U.S. crude futures were on track to end October down more than 7%, after dropping more than 4% last month.
It's unclear what direction oil, diesel and gasoline prices will take in the wake of Hurricane Sandy. Fuel product futures initially jumped reflecting fears that power outages and flooding could leave refiners struggling to restore operations The storm has brought production at U.S. East Coast refineries comes to a standstill.
However, diesel and gasoline consumption by businesses and households could also be cut sharply after New York and other large cities are shut down by the storm. Power outages lasting as long as 10 days may reduce demand further. | <urn:uuid:adbc9a43-1bb9-4b15-b26e-e78e16fa66f9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.truckinginfo.com/news/print/story/2012/10/diesel-and-gasoline-prices-continue-decline.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00373-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961268 | 433 | 1.523438 | 2 |
The United Kingdom announced new measures Wednesday to provide its courts with powers to stop wealthy individuals or large businesses, as well as Russian oligarchs, from abusing the UK legal system to silence critics.
Deputy Prime Minister Dominic Raab set out the measures which target the so-called “Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation” (SLAPPs).
SLAPPs often involve wealthy individuals or businesses using legal action to silence journalists and rights advocates from exposing wrongdoing under defamation and privacy laws.
Under the reform, British courts will now apply a three-part test to decide whether a case should be dismissed immediately or progress. The test will examine if the lawsuit pertains to a matter of public interest, if there has been abuse of process, and if the case has “sufficient merit” to proceed.
Additionally, a new costs protection scheme is to be introduced to “level the playing field between wealthy claimants with deep pockets and defendants.”
Deputy Prime Minister Dominic Raab stated in the government’s press release:
We won’t let those bankrolling Putin exploit the UK’s legal jurisdiction to muzzle their critics. So today, I’m announcing reforms to uphold freedom of speech, end the abuse of our justice system, and defend those who bravely shine a light on corruption.
Earlier this year the European Union also announced it was taking action to provide safeguards against SLAPPs. | <urn:uuid:fe7bf775-9bb1-43bc-ac3d-cb5ab97027cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jurist.org/news/2022/07/uk-government-announces-crackdown-on-lawsuits-intended-to-silence-critics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.941931 | 293 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Skydiving is a passionate and adventurous quality of a person. It shows his love for air and sky. Especially for quadriplegic person, it is too dangerous. The man, who flies in the open sky, knows what the difference between the life and the death is. It is not possible for everybody.
The record for the first quadriplegic skydiving (Tandem jump) from the height of 12,000 ft (5,000 ft, free fall) from Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh was achieved by Raghurama Bhat (born on May 26, 1986), with the Russian instructor Pavel at Mysore on March 06, 2017, supported by a team of professional sky-riders of Kakini Enterprises Pvt. Ltd., India. | <urn:uuid:be57d60c-9990-47cc-a26b-3309e497e000> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.asiabookofrecords.com/first-quadriplegic-skydiver/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.959556 | 163 | 1.703125 | 2 |
I went grocery shopping yesterday, and I was happy to see a focus on local foods. Even before I stepped foot into my local Wegmans, I saw the sign you see at the left here. Local Day Boat Scallops for $12.99 a pound in the seafood section. I quickly whipped out my iPhone’s Seafood Watch app and discovered that wild caught sea scallop population off the Atlantic Coast is “currently considered healthy and abundant.” They are considered a “good alternative” if “best choice” farmed bay scallops are unavailable.
Before I even entered the main section of the store, I was hit by another sign of local – strawberries. A big Jersey Fresh sign on the wall accompanied by a cart of local strawberries for $3.99 a pint greeted shoppers as they entered.
These are the first strawberries of the season. In fact, I was surprised to see them so early at the grocery store. My local farmers market had a small supply last weekend, but the stores usually don’t carry local strawberries until the later half of May. I have heard that several farms have begun growing hothouse strawberries to meet the demand for local strawberries and extend the season. This could be the reason for the local strawberries showing up a week or two before normal.
Only a few more feet into the store and smack dab, front and center in the produce department was a large display of Jersey Fresh asparagus accompanied by lemons and garlic so shoppers didn’t need to scrounge around for the perfect complements to the abundant asparagus.
Of course, a few more steps into the store and there were plenty of fruits and vegetables that were not local or ever could be local — bananas, oranges, mangos, kiwi … but, it was interesting to see local foods so prominently displayed. I think it says something about the value consumers are placing on local foods. A store like Wegmans isn’t going to prominently display local foods unless they know customers are highly interested in them.
Have you seen an increase in the prominence or the amount of local foods found at your mainstream grocery store lately? | <urn:uuid:41be9af2-f93a-442f-8451-0be74eb58af7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mnn.com/food/healthy-eating/blogs/local-foods-front-and-center-at-grocery-store | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00130-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966111 | 450 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Some advanced languages
Haskell excels as a language for writing a compiler, an interpreter or a static analyzer. I don't do a lot of artificial intelligence, natural-language processing or machine-learning research, but if I did, Haskell would be my first pick there too. (Scheme would be a strong second.) Haskell is the only widely used pure, lazy functional programming language.
Like Standard ML and OCaml, Haskell uses an extension of Hindley-Milner-style type inference, which means that the programmer doesn't have to write down (most) types, because the compiler can infer them. It has been my experience that it is difficult to get a bug through the Hindley-Milner type system. In fact, experienced programmers become adept at encoding correctness constraints directly into the Haskell type system. A common remark after programming in Haskell (or ML) for the first time is that once the program compiles, it's almost certainly correct.
As a pure language, side effects (mutations of variables or data structures and I/O) are prohibited in the language proper. This has forced the language's designers to think seriously about how to provide such functionality. Their answer, monads, enables one to perform side effects and I/O inside a safely constrained framework. Naturally, Haskell lets users define their own monads, and now the programmer has access to monads for continuations, transducers, exceptions, logic programming and more.
Aside from being pure, Haskell is also lazy. That is, an expression in Haskell is not evaluated until (and unless) its result is required to make forward computational progress. Some have argued that the promised efficiency gains from laziness haven't materialized, but that's not of concern for me. I appreciate laziness for the increase in expressiveness. In Haskell, it is trivial to describe data structures of infinite extent. Where other languages permit mutually recursive functions, Haskell permits mutually recursive values.
More pragmatically, I have found laziness useful in encoding option
types, where utilizing the empty case should always nuke the
In Haskell, you can avoid creating an option type and instead use
error to produce the empty value.
Because of laziness, every type in Haskell automatically has two
additional values: non-termination and error.
Used well, this eliminates much tedious pattern matching.
My favorite feature of Haskell is type classes.
Haskell's type system allows the compiler to infer the correct code
to run based on its type context, even when that type context is
The example of type classes that got me excited was
lattice is a mathematical structure that has a least element
bot), a greatest element (
partially ordered less than relation (
<:), a join
join) and a meet operation
In Haskell, one can define a bounded lattice as a type class:
class Lattice a where top :: a bot :: a (<:) :: a -> a -> Bool join :: a -> a -> a meet :: a -> a -> aThis says that if type
asupports the expected operations.
What I really love about Haskell is that it lets the programmer define conditional instances of a class; for example:
instance (Ord k, Lattice a) => Lattice (Map k a) where bot = Map.empty top = error $ "Cannot be represented." f <: g = Map.isSubmapOfBy (<:) f g f `join` g = Map.unionWith join f g f `meet` g = Map.intersectionWith meet f gThis rule says that if the type
kis an instance of an order (class
Ord) and the type
ais an instance of a lattice, then a map from
ais also an instance of a lattice.
As another example, you can easily turn the Cartesian product of two lattices into a lattice:
instance (Lattice a, Lattice b) => Lattice (a,b) where bot = (bot,bot) top = (top,top) (a1,b1) <: (a2,b2) = (a1 <: a2) || (a1 == a2 && b1 <: b2) (a1,b1) `join` (a2,b2) = (a1 `join` a2, b1 `join` b2) (a1,b1) `meet` (a2,b2) = (a1 `meet` a2, b1 `meet` b2)
It's easy to make the "natural" lifting of the lattice
operations, relations and elements to almost any data structure.
The end result is that if you use the expression
<: anywhere in your code, Haskell can
infer, at compile-time, their "appropriate" meaning based on the type of the
expression (which it can also infer).
The ML languages have functors to play the role of type classes, but they lack the ad hoc polymorphism support of Haskell's type classes. Having spent a considerable amount of time programming in the MLs and in Haskell, the practical ramifications of inference on expressiveness cannot be overstated.
- Type classes.
- A rich library.
- List comprehensions.
- Compact, readable, whitespace-guided syntax.
- haskell.org. Downloads, documentation, tutorials and more.
- The Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC). GHC provides robust support for Haskell on multiple platforms.
- Kathleen Fisher's slides for her class at Stanford are a good introduction to Haskell.
- Real World Haskell. As the title implies, this book pays attention to using Haskell for real applications (e.g., web programming), instead of just for compilers, interpreters and program analyzers.
Scala is a rugged, expressive, strictly superior replacement for Java. Scala is the programming language I use for tasks like writing web servers or IRC clients. In contrast to OCaml, which was a functional language with an object-oriented system grafted to it, Scala feels more like a true hybrid. That is, object-oriented programmers should be able to start using Scala immediately, picking up the functional parts only as they choose to.
I learned of Scala from Martin Odersky's invited talk at POPL 2006. At the time, I saw functional programming as strictly superior to object-oriented programming, so I didn't see a need for a language that fused functional and object-oriented programming. (That was probably because all I wrote back then were compilers, interpreters and static analyzers.)
The need for Scala didn't become apparent to me until I wrote a concurrent HTTPD from scratch to support long-polled AJAX for yaplet. In order to get multicore support, I wrote the first version in Java. I don't think Java is all that bad, and I can enjoy well-done object-oriented programming. As a functional programmer, however, the lack of terse support for functional programming features (like higher-order functions) grates on me. So, I gave Scala a chance.
Scala runs on the JVM, so I could gradually port my existing project into Scala. It also means that Scala, in addition to its own rather large library, has access to the entire Java library as well. This means you can get real work done in Scala.
As I started using Scala, I became impressed by how tightly the functional and object-oriented worlds had been blended. In particular, Scala has a powerful case class/pattern-matching system that addressed annoyances lingering from my experiences with Standard ML, OCaml and Haskell: the programmer can decide which fields of an object should be matchable (as opposed to being forced to match on all of them), and variable-arity arguments are permitted. In fact, Scala even allows programmer-defined patterns.
I write a lot of functions that operate on abstract syntax nodes, so it's nice to match on only the syntactic children, while ignoring fields for annotations or source location.
The case class system lets one split the definition of an algebraic data type across multiple files or across multiple parts of the same file. Scala also supports well-defined multiple inheritance through class-like constructs called traits. And, Scala allows operator overloading; even function application and collection update can be overloaded. Used well, this tends to make my Scala programs more intuitive and concise.
One feature that turns out to save a lot of code, in the same way that type classes save code in Haskell, is implicits. You can imagine implicits as an API for the error-recovery phase of the type-checker. In short, when the type checker needs an X but got a Y, it will check to see if there's a function marked implicit in scope that converts Y into X; if it finds one, it automatically applies the implicit function to repair the type error.
Implicits make it possible to look like you're extending the
functionality of a type for a limited scope.
For example, suppose you want to "add" an
escapeHTML() method to type
You can't modify the definition of
String, but with
implicits, you can make it so that when type-checking fails on
myString.escapeHTML(), it will look for an implicit function in
scope that can convert a
String object into a type that
Implicits also allow cleaner domain-specific embedded
languages (DSELs) in Scala, since they allow you to transparently
map Scala literals (like
"while") into literals in the DSEL.
- JVM support.
- Intelligent operator overloading.
- Extensive library.
- Case classes/pattern matching.
- Extensible pattern matching.
- Multiple inheritance via traits.
- Rich, flexible object constructors.
- Implicit type conversions.
- Lazy fields and arguments.
Related blog articles
- Scala in small bites.
- Example of laziness in Scala (with streams).
- Okasaki Red-Black trees in Scala.
- A DSEL for non-blocking lexers in Scala.
- A non-blocking web server in Scala, based on coroutines.
- scala-lang.org. Downloads, documentation, tutorials and more.
- Programming in Scala by Martin Odersky (creator of Scala), Lex Spoon, and Bill Venners is great as both an introduction and a reference.
Standard ML and OCaml
The ML family is a sweet spot in the language-design space: strict, side-effectable and Hindley-Milner type-inferred. This makes these languages practical for real-world projects that need high performance and stronger guarantees of correctness. The ML family has gained traction with aerospace engineers (for its support of bug-free code) and with programmers in the financial industry (for the same reason). Standard ML was the first functional language I learned well, so I still remember being shocked by its expressiveness.
Today, OCaml seems to be the popular ML to learn, but there is at least one convincing argument in SML's favor: MLton. MLton really delivers on the thesis that functional languages offer the best opportunities at optimization. As a whole-program optimizing compiler, I've yet to see another compiler match its performance. I once created OpenGL bindings for MLton to toy around with 3D graphics, and the resulting program ran faster than the C++-based model I had used as a reference, with just 10% of the code.
The functor system in SML, while more verbose than Haskell's type
class system, is more flexible.
Once you instantiate a type class
T for a kind/type
k in Haskell, you can't instantiate that type class
again for that kind/type.
With functors, each instance gets its own name, so you can have
multiple instances of a given functor for the same type.
It's rarely been the case that I needed such expressiveness, but
it has been nice in those cases where I have.
The other modern branch on the ML family tree, OCaml, is good to know because there is a large community invested in it, which means that there are a lot of libraries available. The OCaml tool-chain is also rich, with interpreters, optimizing compilers and byte-code compilers available to the developer.
Because the ML languages are more expressive than all the mainstream languages, but they still permit side effects, they make a nice stop on the way to learning Haskell. In Haskell, programmers not yet well versed in functional program design may find they repeatedly code themselves into a corner, where they don't have access to the monad that they need. The MLs keep the side effects "escape hatch" open to patch over incomplete design, which prevents projects from coming to a sudden, unexpected "refactor-or-abort" decision point. One useful measure of a language is how well it tolerates a bad or incomplete design for the software system, since design is something that inevitably changes as a program evolves. In this regard, the MLs still have the upper hand over Haskell.
- Flex records. (SML only)
- Pattern matching.
- Structures and functors.
- smlnj.org and mlton.org. Downloads, documentation and tutorials for SML.
- caml.inria.fr. Downloads, documentation and tutorials for OCaml.
- SML v. OCaml tabular comparison.
- ML for the Working Programmer serves as a good introductory and reference text for SML.
Scheme is a language with a pure core (λ-calculus and the theory of lists) and a design mandate to maximize freedom of expression. It's untyped, which makes it ideal for web-based programming and rapid prototyping. Given its Lisp heritage, Scheme is a natural fit for artificial intelligence.
With its support for arbitrary-precision numerics, Scheme is also my first choice for implementing cryptographic algorithms. [For examples, see my short implementations of RSA and the Fermat and Solovay-Strassen primality tests in Scheme.]
By far, the most compelling reason to use Scheme is its macro system.
All of the macro systems available for Scheme, including the
systems, are Turing-equivalent.
Consequently, the programmer can reconfigure Scheme to reduce the impedance mismatch between the language and the task at hand. Combined with support for first-class continuations, it is even possible to embed alternate programming paradigms (like logic programming).
For example, in the code:
(let ((x (amb 3 4 5)) (y (amb 6 7 8 ))) (assert (= (+ x y) 12)) (display x) (display y))it is possible to write an
ambmacro that "chooses" the right argument to make a subsequent
assertstatement be true. (This program prints 4 and then 8.)
In Scheme, during any point in the computation, the program can capture the current continuation as a procedure: invoking this procedure returns the program to the evaluation context that existed when the continuation was captured. Programming with continuations feels like traveling back and forth in time and shifting between parallel universes.
Ultimately, Scheme is so minimal and extensible that there's not a whole lot to say about it, except that Scheme allows the programmer to extract from the language whatever the programmer is willing to put into it.
Related blog articles
- Implement a programming language in 7 lines of Scheme.
- Compiling Scheme to C with flat closure conversion.
- Compiling Scheme directly to Java.
- Meta-circular evaluation and first-class macros.
- Programming with continuations.
- Church encodings in Scheme.
- Fast yet reflective vector structs from macro-defining macros.
- Regular expression matching from derivatives.
- Racket (formerly PLT Scheme) is a "batteries included" Scheme system, including a battle-tested IDE, a compiler and an interpreter. More importantly, the Racket library is immense: it has a module that adds a type system to the language; it has a module that adds pattern-matching; it has a module for OpenGL programming; and it has a module for continuation-based web servers. In Racket, there's already a module for just about everything.
- The best book I've seen on Racket -- Realm of Racket -- introduces the features of the language through game programming:
- Chicken scheme is a hacker-friendly implementation of Scheme.
- Gambit Scheme is popular for lower-level programming in Scheme, including iPhone and iPad programming.
- R6RS. The current Scheme standard.
- I recommend all Scheme programmers keep a copy of Guy Steele's Common LISP: The Language around. After Guy Steele developed Scheme, which is a minimalist expression of the λ-calculus as a programming language, he designed Common Lisp, which is a maximalist expression of the λ-calculus as a programming language.
- Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs is a classic. Until recently, this was the textbook for freshman computer science at MIT. It teaches computer science by teaching students how to implement interpreters. | <urn:uuid:7beacc80-4a38-4b9b-9857-3647791ab91e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://matt.might.net/articles/best-programming-languages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.897561 | 3,740 | 2.953125 | 3 |
On November 8, 1985, 18-year-old Thomas Odle brutally murdered his parents and three siblings in the southern Illinois town of Mount Vernon, sending shockwaves throughout the nation. The murder of the Odle family remains one of the most horrific family mass murders in U.S. history. Odle confessed to the grisly crimes, was sentenced to death, and expected a lethal injection to end his life. It seemed to be a sad end to a rare case of parricidal familicide.
The collective human response to a teenager murdering his entire family is, “How does something like this happen?” When the murderer himself, after years of incarceration and self-reflection, asks the same question, we are compelled to join him on a journey deep into the circumstances and dynamics that may explain, but not defend, this unforgivable act. Written in part by the killer himself, this book offers a first-hand account of the thoughts and experiences that led to his appalling crime. In a truly unique collaboration, this convicted mass murderer, Thomas V. Odle, and neuropsychologist Dr. Robert Hanlon, tell this tragic story of abuse, abandonment, annihilation, and atonement.
At the age of 19, Tom Odle was the youngest death-row inmate in the Illinois prison system. Viewed as a remorseless, coldblooded killer, devoid of normal emotions, Odle spent 17 years waiting to die. However, a moratorium on executions in January, 2000, followed by the commutation of all death sentences to life sentences in 2003 changed Odle’s destiny from certain death to natural life in prison without the possibility of parole.
After living in denial about his family and horrible crime for years, Tom Odle suddenly found himself confronted with an unfamiliar reality: a future. As a result, he began his search for answers by reaching out to Dr. Robert Hanlon, a neuropsychologist who had previously examined him. Over the next few years, Hanlon engaged Odle in a therapeutic process of introspection and self-reflection which became the basis of this book.
Can society learn something from reviewing the factors underlying this shocking crime in order to help prevent future cases of family mass murder? Although attempting to understand a crime does not mean forgiveness, Dr. Hanlon offers invaluable insights into the mind of the individual responsible for one of the most notorious domestic homicides in American history. | <urn:uuid:55eb187b-816c-446d-a10d-e38803bc5757> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://survivedbyone.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00190-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962791 | 495 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Facing Valletta on the southeast side of the Grand Harbour are three historic cities, Vittoriosa, Senglea and Cospicua, which were originally enclosed by a giant line of fortification constructed by the Knights of St John in the 16th century. These dockside neighborhoods are where the knights were based in their auberges from 1530 until 1570. These were lodgings for the knights, organized by nationality, each with accommodation, with chapels and dining rooms all set around a courtyard. In 1570 the Knights moved across the Grand Harbour to the newly constructed city of Valletta.
Although Senglea and Cospicua today have photogenic waterfronts to explore, and a marina full of expensive yachts at Senglea, Vittoriosa is the architectural masterpiece of the three cities. Attractions include the old Naval Bakery, now housing the Maritime Museum; the Malta at War Museum; the Church of St Lawrence, which was the main place of worship for the Knights of St John; and Fort St Angelo, the headquarters of the Knights during the Great Siege of 1565. This saw action again in 1940 to 1943 as headquarters of the British Fleet when Malta became embroiled in World War II.
Today’s peaceful residential backstreets also warrant exploration, containing a former hospital run by the Knight of St John, now a Benedictine convent; and the Inquisitor’s Palace, where a series of Grand Inquisitors -- civil judges in thrall to the pope -- were based from 1574 until 1798. The Inquisitor's Palace is now Malta's Museum of Ethnography.
Vittoriosa is around five miles (8 km) from Valletta and can be accessed by bus services 1, 2, 4 or 6 from the bus terminus. A ferry service also operates from 7am to 7:30pm from Lascaris to Vittoriosa. Alternatively, take the water taxi across the Grand Harbour from Laguna Basin, which runs on demand between 7am and 12am.
The museums, palaces and churches in Vittoriosa are open daily, except the Malta at War Museum, which is closed on Mondays. All the churches close at lunchtime for a couple of hours. A multiple ticket covers entry to the Inquisitor's Palace and Maritime Museum and the MaltaPass can be used at the Inquisitor’s Palace. | <urn:uuid:07b75269-1784-4711-9ee1-a65a7c7f20c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.viator.com/Valletta-attractions/Three-Cities/d4142-a9862 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00172-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965566 | 501 | 2.5625 | 3 |
[Method for calculation of ammonia emission in the Netherlands for the years 1990, 1991 and 1992.]
27 May 2012, PDF |
59 pages |
van der Hoek KW
RIVM Report 773004003
The report presents the RIVM methodology for calculating the emission of ammonia. Four ammonia sources, animal manure, application of fertilizer, industrial processes and households, are distinguished. The ammonia emissions in the Netherlands in the period 1990-1992 are respectively 215, 221 and 170 million kg. The 1992 emissions are presented on a 5 x 5 km grid in the report. The enforced legislation for low emission techniques both for grassland and arable land forms the main reason for the decrease of the 1992 ammonia emission by 50 million kg. | <urn:uuid:5e5c3177-e0ee-4624-b17a-4aa226feda63> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rivm.nl/en/Documents_and_publications/Scientific/Reports/1994/mei/Method_for_calculation_of_ammonia_emission_in_the_Netherlands_for_the_years_1990_1991_and_1992 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00503-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.830828 | 152 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Pop it! tables is a fun game of popping numbers combined with multiplication tables! Play this learning tool where you can check and boost your math skills with fun of popping together in one game! Pop all of the correct bubbles before time runs out. Popping a bubble containing a wrong number will subtract time from the timer. In each level your goal is to pop 10 bubbles in an order which make a perfect multiplication table of given number. Are you ready to pop those numbers? Enjoy playing this game here at Y8.com! | <urn:uuid:c90f449c-3cf3-4e87-b4c1-3a649c2ac476> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fr.y8.com/games/pop_it_tables | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.911011 | 106 | 2.203125 | 2 |
|Year : 2011 | Volume
| Issue : 3 | Page : 276-279
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
DR Aruna1, G Pushpalatha2, Sushma Galgali1, Prashanthy1
1 Department of Periodontics, VokkaligaraSangha Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India
2 Department of Periodontics, Sri Siddhartha Dental College and Hospital, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
|Date of Submission||21-Dec-2010|
|Date of Acceptance||21-Apr-2011|
|Date of Web Publication||4-Oct-2011|
No. 764/1, 5th cross, Ganesha Saw Mill Road, T. Dasarahally, Bangalore - 560 057, Karnataka
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
| Abstract|| |
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of rare disorders histologically characterized by the proliferation of Langerhans cells. Multiple organs and systems may be involved by the disease. Typically, there is bone involvement and, less frequently, lesions may be found in the lungs, liver, lymph nodes, skin, and mucosa. Oral soft tissue lesions without bone involvement are rare. We present a case of oral lesions associated with LCH in a young woman.
Keywords: CD1a glycoprotein, cytoplasmatic protein S100, immunohistochemistry, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, periodontitis
|How to cite this article:|
Aruna D R, Pushpalatha G, Galgali S, Prashanthy. Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011;15:276-9
| Introduction|| |
Histiocytic disorders constitute heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by accumulation of reactive or neoplastic histiocytes in various tissues. The histiocytic disorders cover a wide range of primary and secondary, solitary and multiple, benign and malignant disorders. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a reactive disorder in which cells having the phenotypic markers of epidermal Langerhans cells are found in skin and other organs where they cause damage by excessive production of cytokines and prostaglandins. ,
Although this condition has been described using numerous different terms (histiocytosis X, Letterer-Siwe diseases, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, eosinophilic granuloma), the Writing Group of the Histiocyte Society 3 divided histiocytosis into the following three classes: Class I: LCH; Class II: non-LCH; and Class III: malignant histiocytic diseases.
LCH belongs in class I and encompasses a number of diseases. The clinical spectrum includes on one end, an acute fulminant, disseminated disease called Letterer-Siwe disease and, on the other end, solitary or few, indolent and chronic, lesions of bone or other organs called eosinophilic granulomas. The intermediate clinical form called Hand-Schόller-Christian disease is characterized by multifocal, chronic involvement and classically presents as the triad of diabetes insipidus, proptosis, and lytic bone lesions.
The Letterer-Siwe syndrome is considered to be the acute disseminated form of the disease, characterized by cutaneous lesions, hepatomegalies, splenomegalies, and ganglionic hypertrophies, usually occurring in infants and newborns. Bone lesions occur in the skull, long bones, and mandible. Lesions in the mandible show a definite radiolucent image which may mimic both juvenile and severe periodontal disease. ,,,
The Hand-Schόller-Christian syndrome is considered to be the chronic disseminated form characterized by a triad of symptoms which include exophthalmos, diabetes insipidus, and osteolytic lesions in the skull. Oral involvement is characterized by increased gingival volume and bleeding, deep pockets, alveolar bone loss, and tooth mobility, resembling periodontitis. The earliest signs of this disease usually manifest during childhood. The prognosis for this clinical variety is better than that for the Letterer-Siwe syndrome.
Eosinophilic granuloma is the most frequently reported and mildest form of the disease. This variety is considered to be a chronic localized form, characterized by single or multiple osseous lesions, usually affecting children and young adults. Any bone in the skeletal system, including the mandible, may be affected. The prognosis is excellent and the lesions may spontaneously recede within one or two years.
LCH affects patients from neonates to adults. The age at onset varies according to the variety of LCH. Letterer-Siwe disease occurs predominantly in children younger than 2 years. The chronic multifocal form, including Hand-Schόller-Christian syndrome, has a peak of onset in children aged 2 to 10 years. Localized eosinophilic granuloma occurs mostly frequently in those aged 5 to 15 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2: 1. The estimated annual incidence ranges from 0.5 to 5.4 cases per million persons per year. -
The diagnosis of LCH had been based on the histopathological pattern identified in biopsy specimen showing multinucleated Langerhans cells, histiocytes, and eosinophils. Antigenic markers that react with CD1a glycoprotein, cytoplasmatic protein S100 detected by immunoperoxidase staining and/or presence of Birbeck granules on electron microscopic examination, are required for a definitive diagnosis of multiple oral lesions. ,
| Case Report|| |
A 26-year-old female patient was reported to the Department of Periodontics, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, with a chief complaint of pain, burning sensation, swelling, and bleeding of the gums.
Dental and family history were nonsignificant. Medical history revealed the previous diagnosis of LCH of the posterior wall of the vaginal wall and patient was treated with total excision of the clitoral growth and cynomycin for 45 days.
Patient was moderately built and nourished. No signs of pallor, icterus, clubbing, cyanosis, and edema were observed. No facial asymmetry or temporo mandibular joint (TMJ) abnormalities were detected.
On clinical examination, the right and left submandibular lymph nodes were palpable and were nontender. Gingiva was erythematous and fragile, i. r. t 4, 47 and 15, 16, 17 and 31, 32, 41, 42. with missing interdental papilla i.r.t 42 Grade II mobility i. r. t 45, 46, 47, 31, 41 [Figure 1] and [Figure 2].
Root surface denudation with grade II furcation involvement i. r. t 16, 46, 47. On palpation of external surface of gingiva, a yellowish cheesy material was expressed. Patient had poor oral hygiene, particularly in the lower anteriors and molar region where the lesions were more inflamed and painful.
Radiographic examination revealed generalized angular bone loss and furcation involvement [Figure 3] and [Figure 4].
Laboratory parameters were normocytic normochromic blood picture with eosinophilia.
Chest X-ray and skull-PA were normal and ultrasound test of the abdomen showed normal-sized spleen and liver. These investigations ruled out multisystem involvement. Based on the history, clinical and radiographic findings, a provisional diagnosis of chronic generalized periodontitis associated with systemic disease was given.
Clinical diagnosis and dental treatment
Excisional biopsy was performed following administration of local anesthesia. Gingival biopsy was sent for histopathological examination [Figure 5] and [Figure 6]
|Figure 5: Mixed infiltration of eosinophils and histiocytes - low magnification|
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|Figure 6: Langerhans cells after histopathological staining - high magnification|
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The histopathological examination revealed an intense and mixed infiltrate of eosinophils and histiocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with both anti-S100 and anti-CD1a primary antibodies. These cells, mainly organized in sheets, groups, or single elements, showed brown immunohistochemical positivity for both S100 and CD1a proteins [Figure 7] and [Figure 8].
|Figure 7: Brown immunohistochemical positivity of Langerhans cells for both S100 and CD1a proteins - low magnification|
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|Figure 8: Brown immunohistochemical positivity of Langerhans cells for both S100 and CD1a proteins - high magnification|
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On the basis of the clinical, general morphology, and the immunohistochemical results, a diagnosis of LCH was made.
It has been reported that periodontitis-like lesion in LCH may respond at least partially to treatment when evaluated by periodontal parameters alone. It was reported that there was recurrence of periodontal lesion refractory to conventional therapy, which included scaling, root planning, modified Widman flap, and local application of antiseptic agents.
The present case is an LCH of single system involvement. A conservative palliative treatment was performed which included Scaling and Root planning, curettage i. r. t., 45, 46, 47 and 14,15,16,17. Oral hygiene was reinforced with proper brushing habits and mouth rinse. Patient was reevaluated after one month and the pain and the burning sensation had reduced, gingival inflammation was reduced with gingival recession at the treated areas [Figure 9].
| Discussion|| |
LCH is a group of disorders histologically characterized by the proliferation of Langerhans cells.
Langerhans cells are dendritic bone marrow-derived cells situated suprabasally in most stratified squamous epithelia. They are thought to act as antigen-presenting cells during induction of immune responses. Besides having functions which are similar to other dendritic cells and macrophages, Langerhans cells are specialized and able to migrate, playing an important role in antigen presentation to the T-lymphocytes. It has been suggested that they play a key role in the induction of immune responses and also in immunopathological reactions taking place at cutaneous and/or mucosal levels. Langerhans cells may represent a "first line" of sensitization of the immune system, leading to clearance of the antigen or to pathological phenomena. It is not known, however, what leads to the proliferation of these cells in the histiocytosis lesions.
The etiology and pathogenesis of LCH is still unclear, but the following two different hypotheses have been proposed: a disorder of immune regulation or a neoplastic process. The presence of aggregates of other immunologically active cells in lesions, the presence of thymic abnormalities, and a deficiency in the number of suppressor T lymphocytes and increased cytokines suggest an exuberant reaction of Langerhans cells to an unknown antigen or neoantigen. However, the monoclonal proliferation of Langerhans cells infers the neoplastic origin of the disease. Different organs and systems may be affected by LCH, particularly bone, most commonly the skull and maxillary bones. Soft tissue involvement may occur, whereby lymph nodes, the lungs, and mucous membranes are commonly affected. ,
Periodontal manifestations were observed in 28 cases of histiocytosis in young adults. The mandible is more frequently affected than the maxilla, with most of the lesions occurring in the molar area. The case reported here presents sequelae from LCH of the posterior vaginal wall, and patient sought dental care after having concluded surgery for histiocytosis.
When the periodontal tissues are involved, symptoms and clinical features can resemble advanced periodontitis, especially when osseous lesions are associated with an apical shifting of marginal tissues which is also seen in the present case.
In addition, denudation of root surface with Grade II furcation involvement was seen.
Clinically, it is difficult to distinguish oral LCH lesions from bone metastases, lymphoma, ulceration by HIV infection, vasculitis (in particular, Wegener granulomatosis), and simple chronic periodontal inflammation. , Furthermore, LCH is a very rare disease, with an incidence of one case in 560 000.7,15. For this patient, the definitive diagnosis was based on the histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the lesional biopsy specimens. The strong positivity for both of the most significant markers used to detect the disease, S-100 and CD1a, made the ultrastructural examination unnecessary. A presumptive diagnosis of LCH may be made based upon light microscopic findings and a compatible clinical picture, but a definitive diagnosis requires that lesional cells exhibit positive staining with S-100 and CD1a, and the subsequent identification of Birbeck granules upon electron microscopy. Although the ''gold standard'' for identification of LC has been detection of Birbeck granules by transmission electron microscopy, this technique is rarely performed today.
A wide spectrum of treatment modalities has been adopted to deal with LCH, including wide surgical excision together with radiotherapy. Other treatments have been suggested such as chemotherapy, isolated radiotherapy, and the use of alkalizing agents. In the present case, nonsurgical periodontal therapy was instituted and oral hygiene instructions were given. The patient is still under nonsurgical therapy.
| Conclusion|| |
The clinicians' view should not be limited to the periodontal tissue conditions, but include the patient as a whole. The presence of previously mentioned systemic symptoms associated with periodontal lesions may be a guide for correct LCH diagnosis. The suspicion of the LCH should be considered in case of recurrence of periodontal lesions and rapid severe and localized loss of periodontal bone.
| References|| |
|1.||Fitzpatrik. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. In: Textbook of Dermatology, 6 th ed. New York: Mcgraw Hill publishing house; 2003. p. 1581-9. |
|2.||SelimMA, SheaCR.Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.Avaialable from: http://www.emedicine.medscape.com[Last cited on 2009 Aug 26]. |
|3.||Rapp GE, Motta AC. Periodontal disease associated with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: case report. Braz Dent J 2000;11:59-66. |
|4.||Muzzi L, Pini PGP, Ficarrat G. Langerhans Cell histiocytosis diagnosed through periodontal lesions: A case report. JPeriodontol 2002;73:1528-33. |
|5.||Manfredi M, Corradi D, Vescovi P. Langerhans cell histiocytosis: A clinical case without bone involvement.J Periodontol 2005;76:143-7. |
|6.||Nicopoulou-Karayianni K, Mombelli A, Lang NP. Diagnostic problems of periodontitis - like lesions caused by eosinophilic granuloma. J ClinPeriodontol 1989;16:505-9. |
|7.||Lombardi T, Hauser C, Budtz-Jörgensen E. Langerhans' cells: structure, function and role in oral pathological conditions. J Oral PatholMed 1993;22:193-202. |
|8.||Piatelli A. Paolanonio M. Eosinophilic granuloma of the mandible involving the periodontal tissues.A Case Report. J Periodontol 1995;66:731-6. |
|9.||Artzi Z, Gorsky M, Raviv M. Periodontal manifestations of adult onset of histiocytosis X.JPeriodontol1989;60:57-66. |
|10.||Satter EK, High WA. Langerhans cell histiocytosis: A review of the current recommendations of the histiocyte society. Pediatric Dermatology 2008;25:291-5. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5], [Figure 6], [Figure 7], [Figure 8], [Figure 9]
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|[Pubmed] | [DOI]| | <urn:uuid:5ec5da25-5a98-4907-be11-d36da95f866f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jisponline.com/article.asp?issn=0972-124X;year=2011;volume=15;issue=3;spage=276;epage=279;aulast=Aruna | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.889943 | 4,071 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Reef fish in Maui County waters will be protected from some of the cruelest aspects of the aquarium fish collection trade, under a ban unanimously passed by council members today.
The practices of cutting off fish’s fins with scissors (“finning”), puncturing their bladders with a hypodermic needle (“fizzing”) and depriving of them of food before and during transport make it easier and cheaper for collectors to bring fish up from the depths and ship them overseas. But in addition to being painful for the fish, they often cause the fish to die anyway, according to “Trouble in Paradise: Coral Reefs at Risk,” an article by Karen Lange in the January/February edition of U.S. Humane Society’s All Animals magazine.
Robert Wintner, a snorkel and dive shop entrepreneur and an anti-aquarium activist (see www.forthefishes.org) based on Maui, hailed the ban in a celebratory e-mail to supporters. “We don’t often get to use the word pono (doing the right thing) and political in the same sentence. This is one of those rare days, and Maui County is in that sentence, too, shining one mo’ time as the jewel in the crown,” he wrote. “This is aloha.”
Lange’s article lists many of the arguments against aquarium collecting, which essentially is unlimited in Hawai’i, so I won’t review those here. But it’s worth noting what she had to say about the techniques now banned in Maui County (which includes Moloka’i, Lāna’i and uninhabited Kaho’olawe):
In an effort to quickly take fish from depths of 40 feet or more without killing them, collectors often use a cruel practice known as venting, or fizzing. The safest course would be to bring fish up slowly and let them adjust gradually to pressure changes — as human divers do when they decompress to avoid the bends. But that would require more time than collectors are willing to give. So netted fish are hauled up rapidly, and their swim bladders are pierced with a hypodermic needle to relieve a dangerous buildup of gas that might otherwise force their stomachs out of their mouths. Sloppy venting can pierce organs other than the swim bladder or, if needles are reused, cause an infection. Even expert venting does nothing to relieve fatal pressure that can build up in a fish’s eyes and brain.
After being stuck with a big needle, the fish face a series of other hazards: There’s the stress of the entire experience, which can kill a fish; the loss of protective coating on their scales from being handled; the poor water quality that results when fish are held in cramped or crowded containers of water; and the drop in oxygen as ammonia and other toxins rise. There’s being deprived of food for days before and during transport in order to ensure their waste doesn’t foul the water, even though many eat constantly in the wild.
At every step of the way — from the collector to the wholesaler to the pet shop — the trade takes a steady toll, says ocean tour guide operator Rene Umberger of Maui-based For the Fishes. The industry expects about 9 percent of fish to die during or shortly after each leg of their journeys to pet stores (from Hawaii to Los Angeles and from L.A. to their final destinations). Once in stores, fish continue to die. Those who survive go to some of an estimated 700,000 U.S. saltwater aquariums, where they also may die because of incorrect water temperature and salinity or improper food.
Here’s hoping the rest of Hawai’i moves to protect the beautiful denizens of their reefs from wanton destruction. | <urn:uuid:b1185c4e-a246-44be-9b5c-90515ba27ef2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://blog.sfgate.com/hawaii/2011/01/21/maui-county-bans-cruel-fish-collecting-techniques/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00158-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9535 | 821 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Russia backs Ukraine grain exports but wants sanctions off
Ankara, Jun 08: Russia and Turkey on Wednesday voiced support for the creation of a safe maritime corridor in the Black Sea so Ukraine can export grain to global markets amid an escalating world food crisis.
A Turkish minister said the move should also be accompanied by the easing of Western sanctions against Russia for its invasion of Ukraine.
Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu hosted his Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov in Ankara for discussions focused on a UN proposal to free Ukraine's Black Sea ports and allow some 22 million tons of grain sitting in silos to be shipped out.
Ukraine is one of the world's largest exporters of wheat, corn and sunflower oil, but the war and a Russian blockade of its ports have halted much of that flow, endangering food supplies to many developing countries.
Many of those ports are now also heavily mined. Ukraine's government was not represented at the Ankara meeting but has expressed concerns that removing mines from its ports to facilitate grain exports could allow Russia to attack its southern coast.
Lavrov promised that Russia would not “abuse” its naval advantage if Ukraine's ports were demined and would “take all necessary steps to ensure that the ships can leave there freely.”
Both Russia and Turkey would also benefit from the export plan. The same corridor would also allow Russia to export food and fertiliser. Turkey would facilitate and protect the transport of the grain in the Black Sea, Turkish officials say.
“As Turkey, we find this plan reasonable and see it as a feasible one,” Cavusoglu told a joint news conference with Lavrov. The scheme, however, would require negotiation between Moscow and Kyiv, he added.
The Turkish minister also backed easing Western sanctions against Russia for its invasion of Ukraine if it participates in the UN plan, saying that seemed “quite legitimate”.
“If the whole world is in need of the products to be exported by Ukraine and the Russian Federation, then a method needs to be established,” he said, adding that he hoped “technical preparations” could be made “as soon as possible.”
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan discussed the creation of a safe sea corridor last week, the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry said Tuesday.
It also called for security guarantees, such as a supply of weapons to defend against maritime threats and the participation of third-country naval forces. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said Tuesday the Russian military would need to check commercial ships taking the grain to make sure they don't carry weapons.
He added that after they are loaded with grain, Russia would help escort the ships to international waters. Turkish Defence Minister Hulusi Akar said Tuesday that technical details were still being worked out.
“Our efforts are continuing concerning the technical planning on such issues as how it will be done, how the mines will be cleared, who will do it, how the corridor will be established and who will escort (ships),” Akar said.
Addressing the possibility of resumed peace talks between Kyiv and Moscow, Cavusoglu said Turkey was “much more optimistic."
Turkey hosted previous talks between Russian and Ukrainian officials in March but since then little progress has been made.
“We see an optimistic atmosphere in terms of going back to the negotiation table,” Cavusoglu said, citing recent comments by Zelenskyy.
He reiterated Ankara's offer to oversee a meeting between Zelenskyy and Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Lavrov said Russia was willing to hold further talks but accused Zelenskyy of “changing his position all the time” over conditions for a leaders' summit. Lavrov arrived in Turkey days after NATO members Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Montenegro reportedly refused to allow his plane to fly through their airspace to reach Serbia.
Lavrov's plane was able to fly directly to Turkey over the Black Sea. Lavrov's discussions in the Turkish capital also focused on Turkey's plans to launch a new cross-border offensive in northern Syria against Syrian Kurdish militia that Ankara considers to be a security threat.
Turkey needs Moscow's approval to continue its presence in northern Syria, despite the two supporting opposite sides in Syria's civil war.
In 2020, 37 Turkish soldiers were killed in Russia-backed airstrikes against rebels in Syria's last rebel-held Idlib province.
“Turkey really needs Russia's blessing in order to be able to carry on this operation (in Syria.) And so I think they're really going to try to get that kind of a concession out of the Russian side,” said Merve Tahiroglu, Turkey programme coordinator at Project on Middle East Democracy. Lavrov's meeting came as Turkey — a NATO member — has voiced strong opposition to Sweden and Finland's recent bids to join the alliance.
Moscow has also objected to the Nordic countries' candidacy — which analyst say may play a role in discussions concerning Syria.
Turkey has maintained its close ties to both Ukraine and Russia. It has criticized Russia's invasion of Ukraine, but hasn't joined international sanctions against Russia. | <urn:uuid:7fdcdb67-e9d6-443a-a8b8-7ce942842230> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oneindia.com/international/russia-backs-ukraine-grain-exports-but-wants-sanctions-off-3417947.html?ref_source=articlepage-Slot1-10&ref_medium=dsktp&ref_campaign=similar-topic-slider | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.970562 | 1,058 | 1.796875 | 2 |
KING’s HIGHWAY (דֶּ֧רֶכְ הַמֶּ֣לֶכְ, meaning the king’s way). An important road running N and S from Damascus to the , E of the Dead Sea and the Jordan Valley.
Direct reference is made to the
This route of travel is known to have existed well before 2000 b.c. A number of Bronze Age fortresses have been discovered. The invasion of Chedorlaomer and his allies (
Fortifications at strategic points guarded the road when the Edomites and Ammonites objected to Israel’s use of the highway. During Solomon’s reign it was an important trade link between Ezion-geber, Judah, and Damascus. In the 2nd cent. a.d. the Romans under Trajan incorporated it in their important highway across Trans-Jordan. The modern auto road follows the old track.
N. Glueck, The Other Side of the Jordan (1940), 10-16; J. A. Thompson, Archaeology and the(1957), 57, 58. | <urn:uuid:48a25211-6c59-41f8-9ef9-0103f65522dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.biblicaltraining.org/library/kings-highway | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.92079 | 252 | 3.453125 | 3 |
This project aims to improve the ability of the Caribbean region to prepare for and respond to natural disasters, such as hurricanes and floods, and reduce their impact on people. The project works with regional organizations, national governments and local communities. It supports the implementation of the disaster risk management framework adopted by the member states of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).
The project is a responsive fund that supports initiatives led by organizations such as the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency that improves coordination and disaster preparedness at local, national, and regional levels and encourages the integration of disaster risk management into policies, planning, and decision-making in the public and private sectors.
The project also supports the Canada Caribbean Disaster Risk Management Fund, a local fund that provides assistance to non-governmental organizations, community groups, and government agencies undertaking small-scale projects at the community level.
The expected intermediate outcomes for this project include: (1) a harmonized, regional Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework (2007) supported by regional institutions and national governments is implemented; and (2) Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management is integrated into environmental governance and development planning at the national level.
Results achieved as of March 2016 include: (1) 17 countries now have Country Work Programmes to guide their efforts in Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM); (2) nine countries have a national CDM Policy and/or Strategy; (3) 11 countries have draft national CDM legislation; (4) the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency Co-ordinating Unit was strengthened; (5) a regional CDM Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting framework was created; (6) 18 countries were able to access direct funding for implementation of various elements of their country work programme; (7) a new safe school programme was established; (8) 288 artisans were trained in safer building techniques; (9) five key economic sectors were supported to implement CDM initiatives; and (10) 25 communities have improved their ability in disaster preparedness and management. Since its inception in 2008, the Canada Caribbean Disaster Risk Management Fund has supported 28 sub-projects in 13 countries. Fifteen of those sub-projects, totalling $808,822.99, have been completed and the remaining 13 are currently being implemented. These sub-projects help to increase community capacity to mitigate natural hazard and climate change risks by helping to retrofit community buildings for use as shelters, support land stabilisation efforts, and design and implement effective early warning, emergency communication and water harvesting systems. These results have contributed to reducing exposure to climate change disaster risk in the participating Caribbean countries.
This project is part of Canada’s commitment to climate change action in developing countries. The Canada Caribbean Disaster Risk Management Fund is supporting communities to adapt to the impacts of climate change and increase their resilience to extreme weather events.
|Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (CDERA)||2008-10-02||Contribution|
|Rainbow Radio League||2010-01-07||Contribution|
|Habitat for Humanity, Trinidad and Tobago||2011-11-29||Contribution|
|Coastal Solutions Inc||2012-05-01||Contract|
|Deserine Robinson||2013-08-12||Contract Amendment|
|Consulting and Professional Services||2014-05-01||Services|
|STILES ASSOCIATES INC.||2014-09-17||Services| | <urn:uuid:84b48e86-05f3-4bc5-90fa-971acd1e40fd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/cidaweb/cpo.nsf/projen/A032615001 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00216-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916211 | 696 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The Ford/MDF Technology Exchange Fellowship (TX) creates opportunities for emerging technology leaders around the world to gain experience working with civil society organizations on Internet Freedom issues.
RIA’s newest technology exchange fellow will explore governance and ethics around AI readiness in Africa and research new models of data governance. Through his research, Oarabile will be interrogating the use of Artificial Intelligence and algorithmic bias to inform public policy, create an environment where digital technologies and the internet have a long-term, positive impact on society.
Experienced in communications policy and research, he will be developing policy papers from his research findings around AI in Africa. Oarabile holds a Bachelors (Honours) degree in Computing from Teesside University. Most recently, he attended the AI development workshop hosted by the Harvard Kennedy School to support community-based researchers who are assessing the social impacts of AI. He has also attended the Citizen Lab Summer Institute at the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto.
Media Democracy Fund fellowship program works to ensure that technology is used to expand basic rights and freedoms. MDF works closely with partner organisations to make the greatest impact and protect the public’s fundamental rights to freely express opinions, mobilize marginalized communities and promote equity for all. | <urn:uuid:68de594f-4fc4-4350-9e11-6036ad000d63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researchictafrica.net/2019/11/21/introducing-our-newest-media-democracy-fund-fellow/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.922792 | 264 | 1.820313 | 2 |
WHEN I was kid, the only Russia I knew existed in books or the movies. It was a 19th-century landscape woven by Tolstoy, Chekhov, and Dostoyevsky, populated by aristocrats and serfs who had no clue that communism was coming. Or it was the cold headquarters of diabolical spies like the intelligence chief in “From Russia with Love’’ who stabbed James Bond with a knife in her shoe; the home of that boxer in “Rocky IV’’ whose soulless ambition and artificial muscles embodied everything we imagined the Soviet Union to be.
Since the end of the Cold War, I have missed Russia, which seemed to recede even beyond the reaches of my imagination. News reports about oligarchs who gobbled up public companies, journalists who turned up murdered, and elections that got rigged always leave me bewildered and struck by a vague sense of guilt. We were so confident that capitalism would give Russians a bright future. How could everything have gone so wrong?
Recently, I got a chance to meet four young prize-winning Russian authors on a tour of the East Coast. (Tomorrow, they will be at Harvard’s Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies.) They are the first generation of writers who never knew the Cold War; who feel no nostalgia for the lost Soviet Empire; who grew up with everything possible and nothing guaranteed. Their stories give a glimpse of the real Russia.
Alisa Ganieva, 26, wrote about her native Dagestan, a mountainous region rocked by Islamist insurgency. She told me that religious extremism has become a form of rebellion among the youth, as fashionable as a trendy nightclub.
“In the 1990s, religion became popular in Russia,’’ she said. After the fall of communism, “people finally got an opportunity to pray. Young people went to Egypt to study Islam. When they returned to the motherland, they started teaching their parents. Now girls my age want to wear the hijab and their mothers don’t allow it, so they hide their hijab in their bags.’’
Two other authors — Irina Bogatyreva, 29, and Igor Savelyev, 28 — wrote about hitchhiking, another popular youth subculture in Russia. To them, Siberia is not a gulag, but a vast, adventure-filled expanse waiting to be explored alongside the new Trans-Siberian Highway, which connects Russia to itself for the very first time.
I asked the writers about the most popular book in Russia today. “Steve Jobs’s biography,’’ they said in unison.
I asked about their favorite television show: “Desperate Housewives,’’ Igor replied.
I asked if they have ever seen “Rocky.’’
“Of course,’’ replied Dmitry Biryukov, through a translator. “We watched ‘Rocky’ when we were tiny kids. We didn’t look at it as Russians vs. Americans. But recently I watched ‘Rambo.’ It’s funny to see how we were portrayed.’’
I asked what it’s like to be a writer in Russia, following in the footsteps of the greatest names literature has ever known. They told me that interest in reading has plummeted in Russia, just like in the United States. So few Russians read fiction now that the government doesn’t even bother to censor it, they told me wistfully.
“Right now, writers in Russia get much less attention than they used to,’’ Igor said. “It’s not even considered a profession. It’s more like a hobby. . . It’s good, in a way. I do what I like without added pressure from society or the government.’’
Finally, I asked about the tens of thousands of people who poured into the streets of Moscow to protest election fraud in the first mass protests of post-Soviet history. Is it like the Arab Spring?
“Many people said there could be something similar in Russia, but political meetings in Russia look more like Wall Street protests than the Arab Spring,’’ Alisa said. “They are people who wear suits. They have never participated in meetings before.’’
Then, suddenly, for just a moment, these young writers sounded like old people shouldering the burden — and the wisdom — of the past.
“Nobody wants a revolution in Russia,’’ Irina said. “They just want an honest election.’’
That makes sense, I thought. Maybe everything hasn’t gone wrong in Russia after all.Farah Stockman can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org. Follow her on Twitter @fstockman. | <urn:uuid:db598fbe-6247-49a0-b965-31f593153566> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2012/02/21/from-new-generation-writers-real-russia/p6oyy9R0Ol4SwqR4I0TB5M/story.html?camp=pm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00577-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971589 | 1,030 | 1.8125 | 2 |
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workers in Tier 1 factories have participated in training (related to ethical trade)
workers in Tier 1 factories can access an effective in-factory worker dialogue mechanism
workers in Tier 1 factories can access an independent grievance mechanism | <urn:uuid:6e5491fb-0662-490c-926e-9994e32cb544> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://global-fashion-group.com/sustainability/fair-ethical-sourcing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.934294 | 251 | 1.859375 | 2 |
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On 21 September 2011, the Russian Ministry of Education and Science announced the results of the second round of “megagrant” calls. As with the first call published last year, this competition has been launched by the Russian government in order to (re-)attract top foreign and Russian scientists to the country’s universities by funding their large-scale research projects in a wide range of thematic areas (see ACA Newsletter – Education Europe, November 2010).
Overall, 39 applications (out of 517 proposals jointly submitted with 176 Russian higher education institutions) were approved for funding by the Call Committee following a peer review by expert panels. The panels were formed with the help of the Association of American Universities, the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the United States and the International Bureau of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Each winner will receive up to RUB 150 million (EUR 3.5 million) for the implementation of his or her two-year project at a Russian host organisation. Although 19 winners hold Russian citizenship, 13 of these have some form of dual citizenship, and only one scientist permanently resides in Russia. Amongst the foreign winners, 10 are citizens of the United States, followed by 6 from France and 4 from Germany. Citizens from the Netherlands, the UK, Austria, Belgium, Italy, Japan and various other countries will also receive funding. Two Nobel Prize Laureates – Japanese biologist Osamu Shimonmura and an American astrophysicist, George Fitzgerald Smoot III - figure amongst the winners.
Some harsh criticism has been directed against the competition (e.g., the relatively short duration of projects supported, the limited number of proposals funded, the focus on foreign researchers versus domestic scientists) and the challenges of implementing “megagrant” projects in Russia (red tape, bureaucracy etc.). Still, interest in the newest call, especially within the so-called Russian scientific diaspora abroad, has been relatively high, with almost one-third of applications coming from Russian scientists who currently live and work abroad. This response can be explained partly by the attractive conditions of the grant, which aim to be on par with top international standards and to compensate for the challenges of being amongst the first to work in Russia under the new framework. From this perspective, the results of this first ambitious attempt of the Russian government to (re-)build bridges with the international scientific community are yet to be assessed.Russian Ministry of Education and Science (in Russian) Nature News | <urn:uuid:d05b3d57-e57e-4cdf-aef9-db5954b2f8ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aca-secretariat.be/newsletter/russia-announces-results-of-a-new-eur-130-million-megagrant-call/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.953459 | 520 | 1.875 | 2 |
Market crash? – depends who blinks first
Although the GrowthRater is a relative engine to establish stock valuation and risk relative to to broader market equity returns, that doesn’t mean we aren’t keenly aware of what these are, or might become, it is just that we do not impose our view on whether this is good or bad on the investment process. A common question that we often see asked is whether the market is cheap or expensive when framed against that favourite pricing metric, the PE ratio, which is currently standing near a 10 year high. On our non-financials coverage universe, which is across 10 global sectors and markets with a combined market value of over 7tn and sales of over $6tn, provides what ought to be a reasonably representative sample, we have the ‘adjusted’ PE ratio to be currently trading at just under 19x 2016 ‘adjusted’ earnings. ‘Adjusted’, that is to exclude largely self certified ‘exceptional’ and non-trading items including amortised acquired goodwill, but including stock compensation expense which some US group’s like to exclude.
Unfortunately, whilst popular,the question is framed around an inappropriate metric. An early lesson I learnt in finance was that returns need always to be measured on a relative basis. What was an attractive yield a decade ago, may not be so compelling today if a better return from a comparable instrument is now available. Of course, in the current financial environment, the reverse would apply. What this means, is that the equity market is not cheap or expensive by virtue of whether it is currently at a medium term high against a probably flawed post interest earnings metric, but how the cash return plus the expected growth compares with a risk free proxy such as a long dated government bond. Frame the question around these and you might get a very different perspective on where equities are priced. It also gets the investors back to trying to second guess the key principal driver to valuations, the cost of capital and the distorting effects of central banks/governments interfering with what used to be taken as a proxy for a risk free return, the long dated government bond (and indexed linked). Welcome to the world of financial repression where governments (let’s be honest about who are really behind this) monetise their deficits by punishing savers and rewarding the feckless under the pretext of saving the economy and stimulating growth; which is just a euphemism for encouraging consumers to load up with ever more debt and drive investors into increasingly risky assets and for companies to buy-back their shares rather than invest in improving capacity. The implication for equity investors, is that notwithstanding the fall in the running yield (OpFCF) on equities since 2011, the relative return against the risk free return is approaching 3ppts, which is almost three times the premium equities were standing on in the half decade ahead of the 2008 financial crisis. Perhaps equities are not so expensive after all!
The return premium on equities however, is more than just the running yield gap between the normalised operating free cash flow yield on equities versus the redemption yield on long gilts or treasuries, as equities cash flows are hopefully growing in real terms. Despite a significant, but measurable level of cyclical volatility, the longer term real organic growth in equity Op FCF ought to match the broader economy, which with global population growth of over +1.1% pa has been sustaining a relatively steady longer term real rate of growth around +2-3% CAGR. Including the prospective inflation expectation built into the long bond/gilt market (long fixed less long indexed linked yields) of approaching 3% pa and one should be looking to add a nominal trend growth of approx +5% to the current 4.5-5.0% OpFCF yield on equities. While deflationary junkies would argue for a lower inflationary assumption, this is not what is actually being implied by bond markets and might be a case of recency bias and falling for central bank spin.
Taking the current market long bond yields and equity earnings expectations and the forward ECC may have been declining consecutively now for about four years, but is still slightly ahead of the absolute rate over most of the decade ahead of the 2008 financial crisis. Exclude the long bond yield and the implied equity risk premium is at an all time high of around 8%. If one takes recency bias to extremes and assume both equity earnings expectations and current market bond yields are sustainable, then this would not seem to suggest an imminent demise of equity prices, at least on valuation grounds.
This of course highlights the pernicious effect of financial repression in distorting the pricing of risk and an increasing misallocation of capital. For what was originally sold as a temporary liquidity fix has morphed into a funding support for structural deficits from which governments and central banks now seem incapable, or at least unwilling, to ween themselves from. This is a world where over $13 tn of government bonds are priced on a negative yield, notwithstanding continued increases in deficit spending which will only deteriorate further as rising age demographics threaten to double the ratio of retirees vs working age groups across developed markets over the next 10-15 years. The traditional solution by politicians has been to accelerate immigration to help offset this trend, although recent attempts at this in both Europe and the US appear to have provoked a sizeable popular back-lash, which in Europe at least, threatens the very existence of the EU in its current form, and as a consequence, also the Euro and ECB. Take away the ECB with its support for Southern European deficit funding and sub-prime auto loans and equity markets could face a double whammy of a reset in bond yields (and risk free return assumptions) at the same time as consumption and equities earnings forecasts are hammered – a very nasty combination. Markets understand this will end badly and that the longer the proverbial can is kicked down the road, the more difficult it will be to engineer a soft landing, but the continued pursuit of the strategy by Japan, the ECB and PBoC suggests that ultimately it will be left to currency markets to restore fiscal discipline to governments. In the meantime, in between chasing the carry trade of cheap debt to buy a higher equity running yield, investors might also wish to keep an eye on how the ECC and risk premium could look like an a slightly less favourable bond yield and earnings outlook. In the below chart I have included a normalisation of long bond yields back up to 4% while also including a -30% cut in market earnings spread over 2017 and 2018 by way of example.
Markets aren’t dumb and know there will be a probably painful reset. Investors are being starved of returns however, and like the animal at the water-hole, need to drink and will pursue the carry-trade until the last moment and beyond, hoping central banks defer the inevitable because all are playing the game. The problem though may be that this places enormous trust in the US that it won’t ask for its ball back. The market’s assumption seems to be that the Fed is caught in an easing cycle that it can’t escape and that beyond the endless warnings of an imminent rate increase it will keep rates low and continue to pump liquidity into markets and thereby financial repression and asset prices. With every weak data point, such as auto sales or non-farm payrolls or external event such as Brexit or falling oil prices, markets see take this as further evidence that the game has further to run, particularly as NIRP policies in Europe and Japan take pressure off the US dollar.
To assume that the US is so desperate to support global growth that it is trapped into a perpetual low rate strategy however, may be to fundamentally misunderstand its key priority; that of the US dollar and its unrivalled position as global reserve currency – but more on this another time. | <urn:uuid:4e1fa23c-ff86-4dd8-b791-4efb22dec13c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://growthrater.com/market-crash-depends-blinks-first/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.958003 | 1,618 | 1.578125 | 2 |
2006 News Releases
EPA: 3 Ohio counties meet ozone standard
Release Date: 12/19/2006
Contact Information: CONTACT: Karen Thompson, (312) 353-8547, firstname.lastname@example.org
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
CHICAGO (Dec. 19, 2006) - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 5 announced today that three Ohio counties are meeting the health-based eight-hour outdoor air quality standard for ozone (smog) and proposed to approve a request by Ohio to redesignate the counties to attainment of the national ambient air quality standard.
EPA proposed to redesignate Stark County in the Canton-Massillon area, Allen County in the Lima area and Belmont County in the Wheeling, W.V, -Ohio area.
EPA's proposed action is based on three years of complete, quality-assured, outdoor air monitoring data for 2003, 2004 and 2005. Available data for 2006 show that these counties continue to attain the eight-hour ozone standard.
EPA also proposed to approve a state plan to maintain the eight-hour health-based ozone standard for at least the next 10 years and to approve motor vehicle emissions budgets for these counties.
EPA's action will soon be officially proposed in the Federal Register. The public will have 30 days to comment on the proposed action after it is published. Comments may be entered at http://www.regulation.gov. Refer to docket ID No. EPA-R05-OAR-2006-0046 and follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Comments may also be sent by e-mail to email@example.com, or faxed to (312) 886-5824. For additional information, contact Edward Doty at (312) 886-6057.
Ground-level ozone is commonly referred to as smog. Smog is formed when a mixture of pollutants react on warm, sunny days. The pollutants are released from cars, factories and a wide variety of other sources. Smog can cause respiratory problems, including coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest pain. | <urn:uuid:ad4e5bea-2c6f-46ee-a2f2-c9d02b62df5c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/932ebdd332b4e74c85257359003d480e/a88ee7d64bc114df85257249005704ce!OpenDocument | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00364-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902741 | 442 | 1.625 | 2 |
Entrepreneurial Engines of Economic Growth around the World
Edited by Jerome S. Engel
Chapter 4: Belgium: building a digital Cluster of Innovation in the heart of Europe
In Belgium and in Flanders, the northern part of Belgium, a number of important historical evolutions dramatically altered the outlook of the economic environment. The traditionally small open economy, historically dominated by manufacturing industries, underwent a transformation in the course of the 20th century due to delocalization and disinvestments by large multinational corporations. Within this context, this chapter describes the response of the region of Flanders and the government intervention that created a vibrant new ecosystem for the digital economy. The aim is to unravel the effects of government intervention on the acceleration of new venture creation and local capital formation, focused in one specific industry sector (information and communication technologies, or ICT). Within this setting, this chapter analyzes the effect of iMinds, a government-funded research organization, on local entrepreneurship and innovation potential. This chapter is organized as follows: The first section focuses on framing the historical perspective in which the foundation of iMinds is embedded. The second section introduces iMinds as a network organization for the ICT sector and its general activities. Thirdly, entrepreneurship support programs and financing are highlighted, as catalysts to create a vibrant ecosystem to foster entrepreneurship and innovation in Flanders. In the fourth section, the particularly interesting case study of SDN2 is presented. This spin-off company has been the result of various collaborative research efforts supported by iMinds and subsequent participation in iMinds’ entrepreneurship support programs.
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Would you like to pay less, get better services from shopping locally, and at the same time, help local businesses during this challenging time? Let’s first go through why we should shop local and then figure out how to support regional employers while saving your money in this pandemic.
Why should you use more local services? The first reason is that your purchase supports the local economy and community. The money you’re paying in the local stores ensures the welfare of local people in the area. This is because small retailers and local businesses employ more than 60 per cent of the UK population and are the bloodline to the economy. Therefore, we will help local jobs and the local economy by shopping local.
In addition, supporting local companies and keeping their businesses afloat helps the economy avoid price dominance and monopolistic power from big chain stores. Such competition leads to more affordable costs, higher quality items, and a better shopping experience.
Lastly, local stores are having a tough time. Many local services had to shut their door during the summer, which is the busiest season for many. While they must follow the lockdown policy, they still have to pay for several fixed expenses such as rents and overheads. They are suffering even harder because these local business owners do not have the resources to immediately offer online shopping facilities. At the same time, business rates for local shops such as spas, salons, cinemas, and bars have been cut in several cities. Many are now at the edge of facing bankruptcy as the government advises that citizens stay home and shop online.
Across the country, people have started to shop local more. For example, as Belfast prepares to light up for the Christmas season, Belfast Lord Mayor Alderman Frank McCoubrey has urged people to buy local businesses while continuing to shop safely. People in Northern Ireland also help local companies because, in the Covid-19 emergency, these local services keep people in jobs.
If you’re ready to help local shops, you may wonder how to find good local deals near you in this period? Typically, you can get steep discounts with big brands on sale occasions as these larger companies can afford to slash prices. Meanwhile, local services don’t often offer many discounts because they are pretty small. Even if they do, such deals are often not well promoted. Most independent businesses are run by locals and regular everyday people with a limited marketing budget.
Buying on SAPI is your answer. SAPI specialises in helping small local businesses to get bulk-buy purchases from their local shoppers like yourself. First, local shops list their bulk-buy deals on SAPI. A customer like you will buy these deals and later redeem your orders in the local shop. There are multiple local goods and services to choose from: hair/nails salon, coffee shop, dry cleaner, groceries, dentist, and pet services.
Getting the most affordable price from the shops you already buy from, with excellent service, is as easy as 1,2,3. The first step is typing your location and searching for good deals in your area. The second step is choosing the one you like and paying for it. The last step is to go in-store to redeem and enjoy the service.
On behalf of local shop owners, we’re here at SAPI thankful that you’ve decided to shop local! | <urn:uuid:41f1bfcd-3843-4854-aee2-738b05c7a633> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sapi.com/why-you-should-support-your-local-shops/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.969045 | 686 | 1.515625 | 2 |
This is a perfect example of why so many pro vaxxers get frustrated with the anti vax movement. They claim to be educated on the VPDs but they are clearly getting their facts from flawed sources.
Last edited by MissMuppet; 21-08-2014 at 10:55.
J37 correct me if I'm wrong, but as far as I'm aware most VPDs are unable to be treated by antibiotics as they are viral
eg. rubella, mumps, measles, chickenpox, polio, hep A/B, influenza, rotavirus, HPV
ETA: MissMuppet beat me to it!
So maybe the book title should change "Melanie's marvellous measles with a side of pneumonia -but don't worry they have antibiotics now - only a few thousand people will die of pneumonia a year..even with antibiotics"
You are right.
@J37 isn't whooping cough only able to be treated with antibiotics within the first week - and it lessens symptoms not cures the disease. And as well all know - most people are diagnosed until well after a week anyway rendering antibiotics ineffective for whooping cough generally even though it is bacterial?
I do not understand how someone can be so blasé about putting other people at risk of DYING especially children!
If my DD who is immune compromised got whooping cough or measles.... I can't even say the words.
Do you know that there are many hundreds of children who are at risk of developing problems from getting a vpd? Children who are like my DD. With heart conditions or kidney disease or cancer. Just to name a few. They could die from a common cold. So a vpd is much much worse. A simple dose of antibiotics from the gp won't help this problem. They rely on healthy kids and adults having vaccines to help protect them. As do the elderly and the newborns.
There are many kids who are NOT treated successfully from these diseases.
And Anyway. .. If just one child dies from a vpd isn't that one too many?
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Pregnant for the first-time?
Not sure where to start? We can help!
Our Insider Programs for pregnancy first-timers will lead you step-by-step through the 14 Pregnancy Must Dos! | <urn:uuid:2fe2ea67-76c1-4e83-9160-8618d9d16fdc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bubhub.com.au/community/forums/showthread.php?527583-Measles-cases-detected-in-Essendon-VIC/page8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00166-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960421 | 491 | 1.78125 | 2 |
By Dede Barry
We’ve spent much of our lives traveling the world by bicycle and there are not many places in the world that can compete with Boulder’s cycling roots, routes and community. On many levels, it has been the epicenter of cycling in the USA since the 1980s. The university town of 110,000 people, has a vibrant, active and innovative population and lies at the base of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Heading west from the town centre, the roads climb to the snow capped 14,000 foot peaks; to the east there is expansive prairie farmland that stretches to the horizon.
In the 1980’s many of the top American professionals who rode for Team 7-Eleven, the first North American team to compete in the Tour de France, lived in Boulder, CO as did many of the best women cyclists, including 1984 Olympic Champion Connie Carpenter Phinney. Today, the mountain roads, the altitude and the liberal town continue to draw cyclists from all over the world.
In March 2017, Rapha opened a store with their affiliated Cycle Club, in Boulder. In late July, Rapha asked Michael and I to attend an event to celebrate the Tour de France and participate in a women’s cycling challenge, Rapha Women’s 100. Having lived in Boulder for over a decade, it was nice for us to see how the town has changed, how it hasn’t and to reconnect with old friends.
Over three days we rode several of our favorite routes in the mountains. Each day, we ascended on gravel and tarmac to nearly 10,000 ft of altitude, stopped for snacks at the local cafes, and descended down.
The Rapha Cycle Club is inclusive, as anybody can join the rides. The rides are led by accomplished cyclists, several who have raced at the highest level. Along the way, the ride leaders keep the group together and gave helpful advice. The clubhouse/shop serves coffee and pastries as the group meets and when cold drinks and savory food as they return.
For the women’s 100, two routes were offered, one west in the mountains and one in the rolling hills North of the city. 45 women joined the mountain route, which climbed over 5,500 feet on a combination of pavement and gravel. The route, made tougher by a storm along the peak to peak highway, was challenging, but fun. The majority of the group stuck together in spite of the rain and mud. We challenged ourselves and supported each other and kept it fun, stopped for snack and drinks en route in Jamestown and Gold Hill. When we reached Boulder, we cooled and cleaned the mud off our legs in the Creek, while enjoying a beer or two. A post ride pizza party at the Rapha cafe capped the day off perfectly.
We loved riding with this young fella. Pretty sure he was the first 12 year old to ride the mountainous (6,500 feet of climbing), gravel loop and he did it with such class and ease on the climbs and descents. | <urn:uuid:9ae3e831-a791-43a9-9394-4404a802897b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mariposabicycles.ca/2017/07/26/rapha-cycling-club-boulder/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.969927 | 626 | 1.5625 | 2 |
While riding on a Red Line train in Chicago Friday night, passenger Jessica Bell watched as an act of kindness quietly took place next to her.
Across from Bell was an older homeless man, whose feet were bleeding through his socks and his tattered sneakers. Maurice Anderson, in Chicago to visit his daughter, sat near him, wearing boots "built for a Chicago winter," Bell wrote on Facebook. Anderson asked the man what size shoe he wore, and when he replied "12" — the same size as Anderson — he didn't hesitate to take his boots off and hand them to the man. Having just arrived from Kentucky, Anderson dug into the suitcase he had with him, pulled out socks for the man, and changed into a different pair of shoes he brought.
"He's already in distress, he's out in the cold, riding the train," Anderson told ABC Chicago. "If I'm not reaching out to help someone, I can't say anything." Anderson and Bell said the homeless man was in shock by Anderson's gesture, and so appreciative, telling them he believed he had frostbite from the cold. Bell took a few pictures of the exchange, feeling compelled to share the simple but important moment. "I think that's what really resonated with me," she said. "It was a really selfless and quiet act, no fanfare. It just happened." Catherine Garcia | <urn:uuid:1c317223-7a75-4ec8-9b29-85504a5b289f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theweek.com/speedreads/749134/man-visiting-chicago-gives-stranger-need-winter-boots-feet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.992083 | 281 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Inverted nipples — what is it, how does it happen and how can plastic surgery help?
We quite often hear the following questions during consultations and see them on social networks — what is the problem with me? or am I the only one with this problem? Can it be corrected and will I be able to breastfeed? Often these questions and complaints are seen in various women’s chatting portals, where due to a lack of experience and knowledge, comprehensive answers are not provided. We have also noticed that there is a rather limited amount of information available about inverted nipples, so this time we want to provide a broader insight into both this problem and the possible solutions. For many members of the fairer sex, this is not only a matter of lack of a sensitive touchpoint or erogenous zone, but also a problem of an aesthetic nature. For example, in one of the discussion portals, a young woman writes that “she does not feel satisfied with herself, because despite the beautiful breasts, the nipples have led to the development of a real complex”!
So what do these inverted nipples mean? How to recognise them and what is the cause?
An inverted nipple points inward or lies flat against the areola instead of pointing outwards. There are three known grades of inverted nipples. The first grade is a flat or slightly inward-facing nipple that rises easily when slightly irritated or as a result of a change in the environment (for example, in response to cold). The second grade is stated when the nipples are slightly more inverted, but can normally be pulled out manually (mechanical irritation, pulling or sucking out) and even remain in this condition for a while. In the case of the third grade, only the areola responds to the irritation and the nipple pulls in even further; it cannot be everted, even with manual manipulation. One woman may have only one inverted nipple, another one may have both nipples inverted. In any case, inverted nipples cause insecurity, an inability to fully enjoy intimate life, shyness, even among members of the same sex, health concerns, as well as physical limitations — problems or even the inability to breastfeed due to anatomical reasons. It is estimated that as many as 10-20% of women worldwide suffer from this problem. It should be noted that both women and men can have inverted nipples.
Why do inverted nipples develop — what are the causes?
Such anatomical feature can be congenital — it is one of the nipple types. Inverted nipples may result from relatively short or rigid (inelastic) ligaments along the milk ducts pulling the nipple inward. If you notice that your baby has inverted nipples, there is no cause for concern in the vast majority of cases. As the girl grows, the nipples may protrude, so it is recommended to only evaluate the situation after puberty. If we speak about an already grown woman with a persistent problem, we recommend you see a doctor for peace of mind.
This condition can also be acquired during life — as a result of ageing, various diseases and injuries, as well as infections (especially mastitis) and the breasts sagging. As a result of the ageing process, the nipple may flatten or retract very slowly and gradually, in which case these changes are not associated with malignancies (such as breast cancer).
Women over the age of 40 can develop a medical condition known as mammary duct ectasia, as a result of which the milk ducts widen, causing inflammatory changes around them, incl. accumulation of fluid in the chest. This process is often accompanied by redness and discharge from the nipple. Treatment at home may be recommended, but in more complex cases surgical intervention is required. After completion of the treatment, the nipple should take on its usual, natural shape.
Paget's disease, which causes inverted nipples, is a malignant but rare form of breast cancer. Additional symptoms include areola eczema, ulcers and itching. The appearance of inverted nipples may also be a symptom of other forms of breast cancer, such as carcinoma. Therefore, any changes in the chest should be carefully monitored — swelling, pain, discomfort, discharge, irritation, thickening of the skin, etc.
Regular breast examination is very important! If the nipples have been inverted since childhood, there is usually no need to worry! If your nipples suddenly become inverted, be sure to consult a doctor!
Can I breastfeed a baby with my inverted nipples?
Breastfeeding with inverted nipples is most often only possible in the case of the first two grades stated above. Many women succeed in breastfeeding, and often the baby, with their very regular, frequent and intense suckling, stretches the short ligament along the milk duct and it becomes longer and looser, which in turn allows the nipple to be nicely pulled out. However, some women should be aware that this process may be difficult and even impossible (especially in the case of the third grade), so if necessary, the advice of a midwife or breastfeeding consultant may be helpful — you can try specific manual stimulation techniques and different nipple shields. There is a variety of cases and individual peculiarities, so it is quite difficult to predict with 100% assurance whether a woman will be able to breastfeed, and it is also affected by the newborn's strength, determination and ability to grasp the nipple.
Is it possible to treat inverted nipples and, if so, how?
Inverted nipples that don’t appear due to a medical condition do not need to be treated. However, there are situations when, for aesthetic or emotional reasons, a woman wants to get “normal” nipples to raise her self-esteem and solve complexes that have put pressure on her for years.
If there is any doubt as to whether the inverted nipples are an anatomical feature, the doctor will examine the patient's medical history and perform diagnostic tests on the nipples. In case of suspicion, additional investigations will be carried out.
Young women, especially before the birth of children and with the first grade of inverted nipples, can be taught to use specific self-massage for the nipples.
Doctors sometimes use the nipple stretching method, putting a ring around the irritated and protruding nipple, for example made of specific sterilisers (similar to a patch).
There are different methods seen and used by people, e.g., when a piercing is used for the inverted nipple that physically and mechanically pulls the nipple outwards. We, doctors, do not recommend using this method for women prior to breastfeeding, because the piercing can damage the milk ducts at the ends of the breasts, cause severe atrophy and the inability to breastfeed in the future.
Is it possible to solve this problem with surgery?
In plastic surgery, we have several methods for the permanent correction of such a problem. The methods are chosen according to the inverted nipple’s grade: at the first grade, small incisions in the base of the extended nipple release the areola skin from the subcutaneous fascia. Then supports are created that hold the extended nipple, and the breast nipple is secured with threads. This method does not affect the milk ducts.
In the case of the second grade, in addition to the first method, the ligaments along the milk ducts are released. An additional fixation is also made inside the nipple itself.
In the case of the third grade, an additional retaining element is placed at the nipple (usually a small piece of cartilage from the earlobe, it is not visually noticeable), mechanically securing and holding the protruding nipple.
In the latter two methods, the milk ducts are affected, so these surgical adjustments are only made in the case that a new baby is not planned in the family and the breastfeeding of all children is completed.
Sometimes flat or slightly inverted nipples can also protrude as an additional bonus for breast augmentation with implants, as a result of filling of the empty tissues, the nipples get good support (in the form of an implant) at the bottom, preventing the areola and nipples from falling inwards.
Let’s mention the grades of inverted nipples once again:
The first grade of inverted nipples is stated when the nipples can be easily pushed out, even when they're pinched, and the nipples remain in this condition for a long time — this grade of inverted nipples does not affect the milk ducts and breastfeeding is possible.
The second grade of inverted nipples is stated when it is more difficult to make the nipples “go out” manually and they do not remain in this condition for an extended period of time. Breast-feeding is usually possible, but the baby may have difficulty grasping the nipple and may need to use some aids. The milk ducts are easily inverted, but they usually do not need to be cut to protrude the nipple. Most women have the second grade of inverted nipples.
The inverted nipples of the third grade do not respond to simple manipulations — by irritating the nipples, the areola rises, creating even deeper immersion of the nipples in the tissue. Surgical intervention is required in most of the cases, and the possibility of breastfeeding in general is very limited — the milk ducts are short and severely inverted. However, if you are able to breastfeed, the condition of the inverted nipples may improve slightly afterwards. If a woman has this grade of inverted nipples, she may also be more likely to experience various infections and rashes.
What does the surgery and postoperative period look like?
On average, it is a 1-hour surgery under local anaesthesia. You can return home on the same day. The recovery process in the case of nipple correction is relatively quick and easy — you can get back to work within a few days. After the surgery, transient swelling and bruising as well as temporary numbness may occur in the nipple area and areola.
Consultation with a plastic surgeon is necessary to choose the most appropriate solution for you. The surgery prices are determined depending on the complexity of the surgery. | <urn:uuid:addc1788-a0b2-4284-93a1-d12a97146289> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aesthetica.lv/en/inverted-nipples-what-is-it-how-does-it-happen-and-how-can-plastic-surgery-help/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.952364 | 2,053 | 2.5 | 2 |
The very first Plug-In Conference was held in San Jose, Calif. (7/22/2008 – 7/24/2008), to showcase the latest technological advances, market research, and policy initiatives shaping the future of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The three day conference brings together automotive manufacturers, component suppliers, electric utilities, government agencies, universities, and the environmental community to address the most current technical research surrounding PHEVs, the impact of current policies and regulation, and clean-tech entrepreneurs’ ideas to enhance and expand the PHEV market.
PHEVs offer one of the most promising near-term strategies for substantially reducing transportation-related greenhouse emissions and our dependency upon fossil fuels for transportation purposes. PHEVs are hybrids with a much larger battery pack that can be plugged into a 120-volt outlet allowing them to travel greater distances solely on electric power.
Bringing PHEVs into the mass market poses some challenges, but offers a better solution to other alternative fuels such as bio-fuels and hydrogen fuel cells. More specifically, there is already an existing infrastructure in place to recharge plug-in vehicles as opposed to refineries that need to be built to produce millions of gallons of bio-fuels and hydrogen refueling stations that are far and few between right now. Granted our current electrical grid in the U.S. isn’t perfect and does need some tweaking to support a large number of vehicles that need to be recharged daily, but implementing changes to support many, many PHEVs can be put into action much sooner and easier than building the infrastructure to support bio-fuels and hydrogen fuel cells.
Reaching the goal of improving air quality, reducing our carbon footprint and dependency upon foreign oil can happen if our country adopts PHEVs on a large scale. 80% of U.S. drivers drive fewer than 40 miles per day. Right now we have vehicles that can be driven 20 miles on electricity only. Development of electric vehicles with a 40 mile electricity only range (PHEV-40) are just around the corner as the technology improves with lithium-ion batteries and vehicles take advantage of lightweight materials that don’t compromise safety.
For the early adopters, there are conversion kits available that can transform a 2nd generation Prius into a plug-in vehicle. Currently Luscious Garage, an environmentally responsible repair shop based in San Francisco will convert your Prius into a PHEV for $5,999 using lead-acid batteries. To date over 20 PHEV conversions have been completed. The conversion kit, used by Luscious Garage, is from Plug-In Supply in Petaluma, CA and is installed in the space above the spare tire. The kit is complete with batteries, wiring harness, logic board, and pneumatic shocks to enable lifting of the battery box and allowing access to the spare tire. Installation process takes about two days to complete. When li-ion batteries become available later this year, an upgrade path exists for an additional charge.
Hymotion, in association with A123 Systems, recently finished product testing of their PHEV conversion kit. A123 Systems is one of the battery companies contracted by GM to develop li-ion battery technology for the upcoming Chevy Volt and other future electric vehicles. Hymotion and GreenGears is also partnering with local garages to perform the installs. Pat’s Garage, located in San Francisco, is the first “clean and green” San Francisco automotive repair shop that specializes on hybrid repairs and is a Certified Hymotion Installation Partner (CHIP). Hymotion has developed the L5 module which is a PHEV conversion kit for the Prius. Similar to the Plugin Supply conversion kit, the L5 module sits in the spare tire well of the Prius and only takes a few hours to install. Cost of the conversion is between $10,000 – $11,000.
PHEVs are being taken seriously as viable means of transportation for the general public on a large scale and a long term solution towards moving away from fossil fuels used for transportation purposes. And I’m not just talking about a small group of enthusiasts trying to push a big idea onto the majority who think global warming is scientific myth. Municipal government departments are pushing for zero emission vehicles for their fleets and the lawmakers are considering policies and incentives to help the public get on board with PHEVs. The power companies are looking at the impact of having a large number of PHEVs plugged into the grid, the rates for charging at different times of the day, and implementing smart-grid technology. And a serious effort is underway to improve battery technology and PHEV design so that the range of a PHEV can be extended well beyond 40 miles on a single charge without compromising safety and significantly increasing the costs. Who knows. You might have a PHEV of some type in driveway in the very near future.
About Plug-in 2008
Plug-In 2008 is a three-day international conference that showcases the latest technological advances, market research, and policy initiatives shaping the future of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
The first annual Plug-In conference was considered a success. The turnout of 650+ registered attendees and 100 media representatives exceeded expectations of 400 – 500 participants for its first year gathering. The exposition hall was filled with 36 exhibitors showing off their latest PHEV technology in the form of plug-in vehicles, advanced battery technology, smart-grid interfaces, and recharging stations. Next year’s Plug-In 2009 Conference & Exposition is set for August 10-13, 2009 in Long Beach, Calif. | <urn:uuid:1e3a6d71-718e-4ce1-accb-763b360cec12> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://reviews.carreview.com/plug-in-2008-conference-report-recharging-the-future | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00487-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940998 | 1,150 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Each user Windows install and uninstall - more often or less often - various applications pe OS in use. Also, most of them already know that uninstallerele provided by the application itself, usually not Total uninstall programs that we want to escape, but leave their traces in the form of folders, files or Registry. These traces are completely useless users even become harmful - it difficult operation and speed up your computer - When they gather from many uninstalled programs. For such cases there are special Uninstallers who claim (and some even demonstrate) that can completely uninstall an application when you no longer need it. But how can we solve the problem if we do not feel comfortable using a third application to complete the uninstall?
Total Uninstall applications installed in Windows without resorting to uninstallers.
Then type in turn % Programfiles% si % Appdata% in Run (Or Search site from Start Menu) And give Enter.
If you find any of the folders found folders named uninstalled applications or their manufacturers name (eg Firefox si Mozilla), Delete them (users systems 64 bit are advised to check in Program Files (x86) for applications that do not have special 64-bit versions are installed in this folder).
Then delete any subkey or entry containing the name (use Ctrl + F to find them easier). 64-bit versions users will have to check and the key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREWow6432Node (But pay attention to key sites and will delete entries that was not important for the proper functioning of your computer or any of the applications installed in the system yet. Therefore, we recommend that before making changes to registry, To make a backup of their).
After you have finished cleaning and registry systemMore remains to get rid of temporary files. To do this type % Temp% in Run or Search site from Start MenuThen remove subfolders and files in the folder will open (ie Temp).
If the attempt to delete temporary files, some of which give errors, Give Skip it is possible that they are files of some applications they use or services running in Windows.
And ready. By following these instructions, you can completely uninstall any application you no longer want to use.
STEALTH SETTINGS - How to Completely uninstall any application in Windows without using special uninstallersDownload Microsoft Office 2010 SP1 Uninstall Tool »»
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- całkowite odinstalowanie pakietu office windows w 2007 7 64- bity | <urn:uuid:cac19901-9d0d-4e95-8852-d133d75a1448> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://en.stealthsettings.com/cum-putem-dezinstala-complet-o-aplicatie-in-windows-fara-a-folosi-uninstallere-speciale.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00420-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.878547 | 620 | 1.523438 | 2 |
The best method for keeping cigars fresh is storing them in a humidor, which is a box specially designed for maintaining moisture levels. Cigars can also be stored in a plastic bag in your freezer for several months. The optimal condition for cigars is a temperature between 70 and 72 degrees with 70 percent humidity. Any variation can risk your cigars drying out, causing them to lose flavor and burn harshly. If your cigars have dried out, try this technique for rejuvenating them.
Clean the plastic container with hot water and allow to air dry. It is important that the storage container is thoroughly clean as it will be maintaining a moist environment for your cigars. Bacteria and mold flourish with moisture so be sure to start with a clean container.
Place the cigars into the plastic container and seal tightly. This will concentrate any moisture that is left in the cigars. Allow the cigars to remain sealed inside for two days.
Open the container after two days and check your cigars for moistness. Test the cigar by squeezing it gently. A moist cigar should feel firm and springy. If it feels woody, spongy or soft, proceed to Step 4.
Dampen the sponge with distilled water. Wring out any excess water. You want the sponge to be moist, not soaked.
Place the cigars in the plastic container and move them to one side. Place your sponge into the container, opposite the cigars.
Put the lid on the container and press all but one corner of the container closed. Keeping this corner open will prevent the container from becoming too moist, which could result in mold growth.
Check the cigars after one day. Perform the "squeeze test" again, as outlined in Step 3. Your cigars should be sufficiently moisturized. If not, replace the lid and allow to rest for an additional day. | <urn:uuid:ed0727a6-b0b2-4d0c-b2f6-7272c256deed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ourpastimes.com/moisturize-cigars-7596813.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00127-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929963 | 371 | 1.960938 | 2 |
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The Effect of Wind on Provenances of Molinia caerulea L.
C. E. R. PITCAIRN and J. GRACE
Annals of Botany
Vol. 54, No. 1 (July 1984), pp. 135-143
Published by: Oxford University Press
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/42756986
Page Count: 9
Preview not available
The response of seven Welsh provenances of Molinia caerulea to wind was assessed by measuring leaf growth and tillering. Leaf growth was usually depressed whilst tillering tended to increase. On the basis of the results, an example of a wind-resistant and wind-susceptible provenance was chosen for further study. The wind-susceptible provenance displayed the lowest water potentials in the wind treatment, but this did not arise as a result of it having a more easily damaged leaf surface than the resistant provenance. The essential difference between the two provenances appears to be in the hydraulic pathway from the soil to the leaf surface.
Annals of Botany © 1984 Oxford University Press | <urn:uuid:68c0aa3c-162a-4f96-b369-6a8e7ff5e136> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jstor.org/stable/42756986 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00410-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898767 | 264 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Figure 1. Flow diagram (based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) showing the sampling and randomization processes for randomized effectiveness trial comparing standard/separate and modular/integrated arrangements of evidence-based treatments of depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in youth with usual care treatment.
Figure 2. Diagnostic change from pretreatment to posttreatment by study condition: standard manual treatment (59 youths [34% of the sample]; cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety, and behavioral parent training for conduct problems), modular treatment (62 youths [36%]; integrating the procedures of the 3 separate treatments), and usual care (53 youths [30%]).
Weisz JR, Chorpita BF, Palinkas LA, Schoenwald SK, Miranda J, Bearman SK, Daleiden EL, Ugueto AM, Ho A, Martin J, Gray J, Alleyne A, Langer DA, Southam-Gerow MA, Gibbons RD, Research Network on Youth Mental Health AT. Testing Standard and Modular Designs for Psychotherapy Treating Depression, Anxiety, and Conduct Problems in YouthA Randomized Effectiveness Trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69(3):274-282. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.147
Author Affiliations: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge (Dr Weisz), and Judge Baker Children's Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Drs Weisz, Bearman, Ugueto, Ho, Martin, Gray, Alleyne, and Langer), Massachusetts; Departments of Psychology (Dr Chorpita) and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (Dr Miranda), University of California, Los Angeles, and Department of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Dr Palinkas); Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Dr Schoenwald); Kismetrics, LLC, Satellite Beach, Florida (Dr Daleiden); Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Dr Southam-Gerow); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Illinois (Dr Gibbons).
Context Decades of randomized controlled trials have produced separate evidence-based treatments for depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in youth, but these treatments are not often used in clinical practice, and they produce mixed results in trials with the comorbid, complex youths seen in practice. An integrative, modular redesign may help.
Objective Standard/separate and modular/integrated arrangements of evidence-based treatments for depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in youth were compared with usual care treatment, with the modular design permitting a multidisorder focus and a flexible application of treatment procedures.
Design Randomized effectiveness trial.
Setting Ten outpatient clinical service organizations in Massachusetts and Hawaii.
Participants A total of 84 community clinicians were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions for the treatment of 174 clinically referred youths who were 7 to 13 years of age (70% of these youths were boys, and 45% were white). The study was conducted during the period from January 12, 2005 to May 8, 2009.
Interventions Standard manual treatment (59 youths [34% of the sample]; cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety, and behavioral parent training for conduct problems), modular treatment (62 youths [36%]; integrating the procedures of the 3 separate treatments), and usual care (53 youths [30%]).
Main Outcome Measures Outcomes were assessed using weekly youth and parent assessments. These assessments relied on a standardized Brief Problem Checklist and a patient-generated Top Problems Assessment (ie, the severity ratings on the problems that the youths and parents had identified as most important). We also conducted a standardized diagnostic assessment before and after treatment.
Results Mixed effects regression analyses showed that modular treatment produced significantly steeper trajectories of improvement than usual care and standard treatment on multiple Brief Problem Checklist and Top Problems Assessment measures. Youths receiving modular treatment also had significantly fewer diagnoses than youths receiving usual care after treatment. In contrast, outcomes of standard manual treatment did not differ significantly from outcomes of usual care.
Conclusions The modular approach outperformed usual care and standard evidence-based treatments on multiple clinical outcome measures. The modular approach may be a promising way to build on the strengths of evidence-based treatments, improving their utility and effectiveness with referred youths in clinical practice settings.
Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01178554
Depression, anxiety, and conduct-related disorders and problems in youth are among the priority conditions identified by the World Health Organization,1 which reports that mental health problems affect up to 20% of all youths worldwide. Fortunately, conducting randomized trials over the decades, intervention researchers have produced numerous manual-guided, evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for depression, anxiety, and conduct in youth.2 Unfortunately, these treatments have not been incorporated into most everyday clinical practice.3- 5 A common view is that the complexity and comorbidity of many clinically referred youths, whose problems and treatment needs can shift during treatment, may pose problems for EBT protocols, which are typically designed for single or homogeneous clusters of disorders, developed and tested with recruited youths who differ from patients seen in everyday clinical practice, and involve a predetermined sequence of prescribed session contents, limiting their flexibility.3- 8 Indeed, trials testing these protocols against usual care for young patients in clinical practice have produced mixed findings, with EBTs often failing to outperform usual care.7,9
The Modular Approach to Therapy for Children with Anxiety, Depression, or Conduct Problems (MATCH)10 addresses these concerns through treatment redesign, informed by experience in clinical practice settings.11- 15 In MATCH, treatment procedures from EBTs for anxiety (cognitive behavioral therapy), depression (cognitive behavioral therapy), and disruptive conduct (Behavioral Parent Training) are structured as free-standing modules (eg, modules for self-calming, modifying negative cognitions, and increasing compliance with parents' instructions). The modules form a menu of options for clinicians. Decision flowcharts guide module selection and sequencing,16 with a default module sequence suggested, but with changes in the sequence specified to address treatment difficulties. For example, the anxiety flowchart includes a core“practicing” module involving graduated exposure to feared situations; if the youth's motivation is low for“practicing,” the therapist may use optional modules for“praise” and“reward,” to boost motivation and thus increase practice.
We designed a trial to test both modular and standard treatment approaches. We addressed some of the prior criticisms of EBT research by ensuring that (1) participants and study context were clinically representative, (2) there were no systematic differences in clinician competence across conditions (ie, all clinicians were randomly assigned), and (3) the sample would include the ethnic diversity that critics have found insufficient in the randomized controlled trial literature.17- 20 Accordingly, we obtained samples from outpatient treatment programs that served the general public across a broad demographic and income range, we included only youths whose families sought treatment (ie, no recruiting or advertising), all treatment was provided by professional clinicians employed in the participating programs, and all treatment was provided in those programs (ie, not in university laboratory clinics).
The youths in our sample had all sought outpatient care and had primary disorders or referral problems involving anxiety, depression, or disruptive conduct. The practitioners were randomly assigned to 3 treatment conditions: modular (ie, MATCH), standard (ie, the use of 3 established EBTs for anxiety, depression, and conduct problems), or usual care. Measures included weekly problem assessments to measure change throughout treatment, plus diagnostic assessments before and after treatment. Analyses tested whether outcomes of usual care were improved on by the use of standard EBT manuals, MATCH, or both.
All study procedures were approved by the institutional review boards of Judge Baker Children's Center (affiliated with Harvard Medical School) and the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and all participants signed informed consent/assent documents approved by these institutional review boards.
In our trial, there were a total of 174 youths aged 7 through 13 years (mean [SD] age, 10.59 [1.76] years). Of these youths, 121 (70%) were boys; 45% were white, 32% were multiethnic, 9% were African American, 6% were Latino or Latina, 4% were Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% were classified as“other,” and 2% did not choose to identify their ethnicity. Annual family income was less than $40 000 for 55% of the sample of youths, $40 000 to $79 000 for 28% of the sample, $80 000 to $119 000 for 12% of the sample, and $120 000 or more for 6% of the sample; 53% of the youths lived in single-parent households. Figure 1 shows the number of youths screened for eligibility, assessed at pretreatment, and allocated and treated within each treatment condition.
We sought youths with DSM-IV21 disorders or clinically elevated problem levels in the areas of anxiety, depression, and/or disruptive conduct. Diagnoses were obtained via the Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes,22,23 and elevated problem levels (ie, T scores of≥65) were identified through relevant scales of the Child Behavior Checklist and the Youth Self-Report.24 Youths were excluded for mental retardation (n = 1), pervasive developmental disorder or psychotic symptoms (n = 1), primary bipolar disorder (n = 2), or primary inattention or hyperactivity (n = 3). Diagnoses, scale scores from the Child Behavior Checklist and the Youth Self-Report, and youth- and parent-identified top problems were used to identify the primary disorder and clinical problem in each case. The mean (SD) number of DSM-IV disorders was 2.74 (1.52). Table 1 shows the primary disorders and all disorders for the full sample. The 3 study conditions did not differ significantly in number of disorders (P = .76).
Our study included 84 therapists who worked in 10 different outpatient clinical service organizations in Massachusetts and Hawaii, providing treatment in clinic office and school settings. Of these therapists, 80% were women; 56% were white, 23% were Asian American, 6% were African American, and 6% were Pacific Islander. The mean age was 40.6 years, and the mean number of years of clinical experience was 7.6; 40% were social workers, 24% were psychologists, and 36% were classified as“other” (eg, licensed mental health counselor). There were no significant differences across conditions on any of the therapist characteristics. Therapists used individual (not group) treatment in our study, with family members often included for parts of sessions.
Trajectories of change during treatment were tracked by blinded assessors using weekly measures selected to be sufficiently brief that youths and parents would complete them frequently, and to include (1) standardized measures reflecting widely recognized dimensions of youth psychopathology and (2) an assessment of the specific problems youths and parents identified as most important to them at the outset of treatment.
The Brief Problem Checklist (BPC),25 administered by telephone, is a 12-item measure of internalizing (6 items; scores can range from 0 to 12), externalizing (6 items; score range, 0-12), and total problems (12 items; score range, 0-24), developed through application of item response theory and factor analysis to data from the Youth Self-Report and the Child Behavior Checklist (2 very widely used youth symptom measures). The reliability and validity evidence is strong, and the BPC significantly predicts change in youth symptoms during treatment. In the original BPC clinical sample25 (N = 184), the mean (SD) scores were 2.79 (2.62), 2.90 (2.40), and 5.68 (4.14) for youth-reported internalizing, externalizing, and total problems and 4.41 (3.11), 5.14 (3.04), and 9.55 (4.90) for parent-reported internalizing, externalizing, and total problems, respectively.
The Top Problems Assessment (TPA),26 also administered by telephone, obtains youth and parent severity ratings (on a scale of 0 to 10) of the top 3 problems the youth and parent independently identified as most important to them in separate structured pretreatment interviews. Psychometric analyses of the TPA have shown strong reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change during treatment. In the original TPA clinical sample26 (N = 178), the mean (SD) youth rating was 4.96 (2.96), and the mean (SD) parent rating was 6.70 (2.33).
Blinded interviewers administered this structured interview to assess DSM-IV diagnoses. The reliability and validity of this structured interview are well documented in studies of outpatient and inpatient samples,27 and 5 psychometric studies have shown mean sensitivities of 0.66 to 0.83 and mean specificities of 0.78 to 0.88.22,23 Combined diagnoses were generated via the Silverman-Nelles28 procedure for integrating youth and parent reports, in which all diagnoses generated by both informants are accepted: all diagnoses generated by the child's report are accepted if internalizing (and thus potentially more evident to youths than adults [eg, anxiety or depressive disorders]), and all diagnoses generated by the parent's report are accepted if externalizing (eg, oppositional defiant disorder). See the eAppendix for interviewer training and diagnostic reliability. Because our study focused on youths across a broad spectrum (Table 1) and not just on a single target diagnosis (as in most randomized controlled trials), we used the total number of diagnoses as an outcome measure, to reflect that spectrum.
The Services for Children and Adolescents–Parent Interview has shown psychometric integrity, with a particular strength in medication assessment, including start and end dates, and dosage (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.99).29,30 It was administered to parents before treatment and in weekly calls thereafter to assess psychotropic medication use.
We used a cluster randomization design31- 33 with therapists assigned to a condition (usual care, standard, or modular) using blocked randomization33 stratified by the educational level of the therapist (doctoral vs master's degree). A computerized random number generator produced an unpredictable sequence of numbers representing condition; these numbers were assigned to therapists. Block size was the entire cohort of therapists within each educational level within each site, and the allocation ratio for each block was 1:1:1. Allocation concealment was maintained through the use of therapist identification numbers. Youths and caregivers knew they were receiving treatment and that randomization was involved, but they did not know the type of treatment they received.
The initial treatment focus for the modular and standard conditions was determined by using symptom and diagnostic information plus the TPA. For example, if the Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes and Child Behavior Checklist/Youth Self-Report assessments identified both depression and conduct as relevant treatment foci, then the rank ordering of client-identified problems on the TPA was used to determine whether treatment began with a focus on depression or conduct.
Clinicians randomly assigned to usual care agreed to use the treatment procedures that they used regularly and believed to be effective. Clinical supervision followed usual practices in their setting, and therapy continued until a normal end of treatment for the client.
Clinicians randomly assigned to the standard condition were trained to use 3 treatment protocols, with manualized instructions and prescribed order of treatment sessions:
Coping Cat34,35 is a 16-20–session, individual cognitive behavioral therapy protocol addressing anxiety through building skills in the identification and remediation of unrealistic fearful thoughts, in relaxation, and in graduated exposure to feared objects. Role playing and real-life exposures during the sessions are complemented by homework assignments requiring practice of the skills.
Primary and Secondary Control Enhancement Training36- 38 is a 10-15–session, individual cognitive behavioral therapy protocol addressing depression through cognitive skills (eg, reframing) and behavioral skills (eg, scheduling mood-boosting activities). The skills are practiced via in-session role playing, real-life practice activities, and homework.
Defiant Children39 is a 10-step Behavioral Parent Training protocol addressing disruptive conduct and noncompliant behavior by helping parents build parenting skills (such as using differential attention and assigning consequences) to encourage appropriate behavior and discourage inappropriate behavior. Parents learn and role-play the skills during sessions and apply the skills at home with their children between sessions.
Therapists in the modular condition used MATCH,10 a collection of modules designed to correspond to the treatment procedures included in Coping Cat, Primary and Secondary Control Enhancement Training, and Defiant Children protocols. With MATCH, the therapist focuses on the initial problem area identified as most important, based on the standardized measures and the patient priorities identified in the TPA. The flowchart for the problem area selected (eg, depression) specifies a default sequence of modules. If interference arises (eg, if a comorbid condition or stressor impedes use of the default sequence), the sequence is altered, with other modules used systematically to address the interference. For example, if treatment begins with a focus on depression but disruptive behavior interferes, the therapist may use modules from the conduct section of the protocol to help parents manage the disruptive behavior, returning to depression treatment when the interference is resolved.
Clinicians randomly assigned to the standard or modular treatment condition were trained together; all of these clinicians had 2 days of training on treatment for each problem area, for a total of 6 days. Subsequently, both standard- and modular-assigned clinicians received weekly consultations on study cases from project supervisors; these supervisors were informed by participating in consultant-guided discussions of measurement feedback on client progress and practice history.40 Clinicians randomly assigned to usual care received the usual supervision procedures in their settings, with no intervention from project personnel, to ensure that usual care would not be altered.
The mean treatment duration was 275.49 days in usual care, 196.24 days in the standard treatment condition, and 210.15 days in the modular treatment condition; a fixed-effects analysis of variance showed that the groups were significantly different from each other (F2,171 = 4.66, P = .011). The usual care condition showed a significantly longer duration than the standard (P = .011) and modular conditions (P = .04); the standard and modular conditions did not differ significantly. For total number of sessions, we have information on only the standard and modular conditions owing to the total separation of study personnel from usual care. Based on the therapist reports for this 70% of the sample, the mean (SD) number of treatment sessions was 16.17 (9.95); 34% of the sessions included only the child, and 41% of the sessions included the child plus 1 or more family members. The mean (SD) time between sessions was 11.96 days (4.65 days).
We obtained therapist reports on the contents of sessions to determine how often modular and standard cases included treatment procedures from multiple problem areas (eg, including a depression procedure in a treatment episode for conduct problems or having anxiety treatment followed by treatment for depression). Exactly half of the 62 modular cases met this criterion, whereas only 2% of the standard cases met this criterion (χ21 = 36.26, P < .001). Coding of a sample of 309 individual treatment sessions showed that 13% of modular treatment sessions used content from more than 1 problem area protocol, whereas no standard sessions did so (χ22 = 34.48, P < .001). Observational coding of recorded session content showed adherence to the condition in all 3 groups (eAppendix). In the standard condition, 93% of the contents of sessions fit the treatment elements of Coping Cat, Primary and Secondary Control Enhancement Training, and Defiant Children protocols. In the modular condition, 83% of the contents of sessions fit the MATCH protocol. In usual care, only 8% of the contents of sessions were consistent with either the standard or modular manuals. The modular condition contained more“other” (nonmanual) content than did the standard condition (means, 17% and 7%, respectively) (t307 = −3.54, P < .001). Thus, multiple measures suggested that treatment in the modular condition entailed more use of treatment content from multiple problem domains (ie, anxiety, depression, and conduct) and more flexibility than treatment in the standard condition.
Because none of the 3 study conditions had a fixed duration and because the usual care condition had no constraints on content or duration of treatment, a comparison of groups only after treatment would have left condition confounded with treatment duration/dose. To address this concern, we focused planned analyses on the question of whether there were treatment group differences in trajectories of change across time on (1) the mean BPC overall score (youth and parent reports included in the same model, with informant [youth or parent] treated as a random effect) and (2) the mean TPA overall score. For each outcome variable, we estimated mixed effects regression models with outcome = a0(intercept) + a1(informant) + a2(treatment group) + a3(time) + a4(condition × time) with intercept, informant, and time (log day) treated as random effects. To assess whether our cluster-randomized design was associated with substantial therapist-level variance, we evaluated 3-level models that included nesting of youths within therapists. The estimated therapist variances were all near zero, and comparisons of model fits between 2-level (no therapist effect) and 3-level models were not statistically significant. We also found no significant level-3 effects for models with organization (the 10 outpatient programs) included as a third level of nesting. Tests of the condition × time interaction were virtually identical with and without nesting of youths within therapists or organizations.
Based on the current data set, we determined the effect size that would be required at 1 year to achieve 80% power assuming a sample size of 58 subjects per group (174 total), with time measured in log days, a type I error rate of 5%, and use of a 2-sided test. This effect size estimate was then translated back to the original score metric (ie, difference in the original scale score units). Based on these assumptions, 80% power is achieved at 1 year for an effect size of 0.56 SD units for the BPC total score, 0.57 SD units for the BPC internalizing score, 0.58 SD units for the BPC externalizing score, and 0.51 SD units for the TPA score.
For these mixed effects regression analyses, we focused on the BPC total score and the TPA score, but we also examined the BPC internalizing and externalizing scores, the 2 components of the BPC total score. This provided the most complete look at the constructs, combining across both informants. To explore whether we should also report parent- and youth-reported measures separately, we fitted a model that included informant × time, informant × treatment, and informant × treatment × time interactions for these outcome measures; informant × treatment × time interactions were significant (all had P <. 05), so we also reported parent- and youth-reported measures separately. To reduce the risk of chance findings, we began with omnibus tests comparing the 3 treatment groups on overall BPC total score and on TPA score, applying a familywise Bonferroni adjustment to correct for the 2 tests. Omnibus effects that were significant after a Bonferroni adjustment were followed up by conducting each possible 2-group comparison among the standard, modular, and usual care groups, again applying a familywise Bonferroni correction. For 2-group comparisons that survived the Bonferroni correction, we proceeded to significance tests on the individual variables, including combined and separate youth- and parent-reported measures.
A second set of planned analyses involved comparison of the treatment groups on number of posttreatment diagnoses,22,23 controlling for pretreatment diagnoses. This included a test of the overall treatment group difference using a fixed-effects analysis of covariance model applied to all youths for whom we had both pretreatment and posttreatment data, with analyses using type III sum of squares and controlling for number of pretreatment diagnoses. Two-group comparisons were to be conducted if the overall treatment group effect was significant.
Statistical power was calculated for direct comparisons of treatment groups on the number of posttreatment Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes–based diagnoses, controlling for pretreatment diagnoses. This analysis assumed a sample size of 58 per group and a type I error rate of .05. We found power of 0.80 to detect an effect size of f = 0.26 (corresponding to d = 0.52), a medium effect. In none of the planned analyses was power adequate for more fine-grained analyses, such as tests of moderation by sex or age.
Analyses of baseline scores on the BPC internalizing, externalizing, and total problem scores, on the TPA score, and on number of Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes–based diagnoses showed no significant treatment group differences. Analyses of Services for Children and Adolescents–Parent Interview data showed that, prior to treatment, 25% of study youths were taking some psychotropic medication, and there was no significant treatment group difference. During treatment, 27% of youths used some psychotropic(s) for at least 1 day. To determine whether effects of treatment condition were moderated by medication effects, a binary variable was added to the BPC and TPA analyses, and medication use was controlled in the diagnostic analyses. The significant findings that we report later, involving treatment group × time interactions on the BPC and TPA, and involving the significant difference between modular and usual care in posttreatment diagnoses, all remained statistically significant after adjusting for medication use.
For the mixed effects regression analyses, our planned analyses (eAppendix) involved examining the overall scores of parents plus youths combined, with informant included as a random effect, and we focused on the BPC total and TPA scores; these scores are shown in Table 2, together with the component BPC internalizing and externalizing scores. As noted previously, we also include parent- and youth-reported measures separately in Table 2. Omnibus tests comparing the 3 groups on the overall BPC total and TPA scores were significant, even after Bonferroni adjustment, so we tested each possible 2-group comparison among the standard, modular, and usual care groups, again with a focus on overall BPC total and TPA scores. These tests were not significant for standard vs usual care following the Bonferroni adjustment, so no further tests within the standard vs usual care columns are considered significant (although all the comparisons are shown in Table 2, for full presentation of study data). In subsequent tests, comparing modular with usual care and modular with standard, for any overall score that was significant, we tested the corresponding youth- and parent-reported measures separately for significance.
In the modular vs usual care columns in Table 2, the group comparisons on the overall BPC total and TPA scores were significant following the Bonferroni adjustment, so we examined these effects further via tests on the internalizing and externalizing subscales of the BPC, and on the parent and youth reports on all measures. The findings showed significantly steeper trajectories of improvement in the modular treatment condition than in the usual care treatment condition on the BPC total overall score and the parent report, on the TPA overall score and the parent report, on the BPC internalizing overall score (the BPC internalizing parent report was marginal), and on the BPC externalizing overall score and the parent report.
In the modular vs standard columns, the group comparisons on the overall BPC total and TPA scores were significant following the Bonferroni adjustment, so we examined these effects further via tests on the internalizing and externalizing subscales of the BPC, and on the parent and youth reports on all measures. The findings showed significantly steeper trajectories of improvement in the modular treatment than in the standard treatment on the BPC total overall score and the youth and parent reports, on the TPA overall score and the youth report, on the BPC internalizing overall score and the youth report, and on the BPC externalizing overall score and the youth and parent reports.
In general, modular treatment outperformed usual care treatment on overall (P = .004 and .011 and effect sizes of 0.59 and 0.54, for BPC total and TPA scores) and parent-reported measures (P = .003 and .001 and effect sizes of 0.62 and 0.72, for BPC total and TPA scores), and modular treatment outperformed standard treatment on overall (P = .001 and .012 and effect sizes of 0.71 and 0.61, for BPC total and TPA scores) and youth-reported measures (P = .014 and .009 and effect sizes of 0.50 and 0.53, for BPC total and TPA scores) as well as on 2 parent-reported measures. In all comparisons of the modular condition with usual care and with standard treatment, the direction of the effects consistently indicated more rapid improvement in the modular group. In the modular vs usual care comparisons, 7 of the 12 comparisons were statistically significant (one was marginal). In the modular vs standard comparisons, 10 of the 12 comparisons were significant.
Effect sizes for log-linear rates of change are displayed in Table 2. These effect sizes are the ratio of the difference in estimated time trends divided by the square root of the estimated random time effect variance. Statistically significant condition × time interactions were associated with effect sizes ranging from 0.41 to 0.72. Table 3 shows slopes and 1-year change estimates for each of the 3 treatment groups.
Before treatment, there was no significant overall condition difference in number of diagnoses (F2,146 = 0.541, P = .58). After treatment, however, the overall condition difference was significant (F2,145 = 3.49, P = .03). After treatment, the youths in the modular treatment group had significantly fewer diagnoses than did the youths in the usual care group (mean [SD], 1.23 [1.01] vs 1.86 [1.52] diagnoses) (F1,96 = 6.83, P = .01) (Figure 2). No significant differences were found between youths in the standard treatment group (mean [SD], 1.54 [1.30] diagnoses) and youths in the usual care group (F1,90 = 2.023, P = .16) or between youths in the standard treatment group and youths in the modular treatment group (F1,103 = 1.232, P = .27).
The findings support the effectiveness of a modular approach to the treatment of youth, an approach designed to address (1) the needs of clinicians who carry diagnostically diverse caseloads and (2) the comorbidity and flux that are common among youths referred for mental health treatment. In our analyses of change trajectories measured via weekly assessments, and with an initial Bonferroni correction applied, youths in modular treatment showed significantly faster improvement than youths in usual care, on overall and parent-reported BPC total and TPA Problems measures, and modular treatment also outperformed standard treatment, on overall and youth-reported BPC total and TPA measures as well as on the parent-reported BPC total score. By contrast, with the same analytic procedures applied, outcomes in the standard manual condition did not differ significantly from outcomes in usual care.
Our analyses of diagnostic outcomes showed a similar pattern. Youths receiving modular treatment showed significantly fewer posttreatment diagnoses than youths receiving usual care (after controlling for pretreatment diagnoses). By contrast, there was no significant difference between the standard condition and usual care on number of disorders after treatment. Interestingly, we found superior outcomes of modular treatment relative to usual care despite the fact that youths in usual care were in treatment a mean 75 days longer than youths in modular treatment (P < .008).
The findings suggested that the modular design allowed a balanced flexibility: modular sessions included much more evidence-based content than did usual care sessions (83% vs 8%) and also contained more“other” content than standard sessions (17% vs 7%). The results may reflect the greater flexibility of modular treatment, which may have facilitated the coverage of more problems compared with standard treatment. Indeed, this was a key goal in designing the modular approach (ie, to enhance the potency of standard evidence-based practices through a modular arrangement that supports the flexible application of those practices).
The study limitations included the constraints on the level of analysis imposed by sample size. Although our sample provided adequate power to test the primary questions of the study, the power was not adequate for testing the potential moderating effects of such variables as sex, age, and ethnicity, each of which would have been of interest. In addition, our emphasis on trajectories of change across the weekly assessments (the BPC and the TPA) as primary outcome measures of the study required that we exclude some youths who had been randomly assigned but whose lack of participation in treatment made it impossible to calculate a trajectory. Finally, our interest in clinical representativeness led us to include only those who sought treatment on their own, to include a broad array of diagnoses (Table 1), and to include substantial comorbidity; one effect is that the population to whom our findings apply is not so precisely defined as in an efficacy trial focused on a single disorder.
If the findings of our study are replicated in future work, the implications for the use of evidence-based practice within clinical care settings could be significant. The modular approach might also fit well into pediatric primary care, the initial point of entry for many youths referred for anxiety, depression, and disruptive conduct. Our measurement model, too, may have potential value for multiple kinds of intervention (in mental health and other domains); for example, it may be wise to learn the priorities of patients and their families and to focus on these when developing and adjusting treatment plans. For youth mental health in particular, the findings suggest that intervention procedures developed and tested over the decades in randomized controlled trials do have value for clinical practice but that a systematic restructuring of those procedures may enhance their benefits for clinically referred youths who are treated by practitioners in everyday treatment settings.
Correspondence: John R. Weisz, PhD, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St, Cambridge, MA 02138 (firstname.lastname@example.org).
Submitted for Publication: May 2, 2011; final revision received August 1, 2011; accepted September 4, 2011.
Published Online: November 7, 2011. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.147
Author Contributions: Drs Weisz, Chorpita, and Gibbons had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Additional Authors/Research Network on Youth Mental Health:Charles Glisson, PhD, Children's Mental Health Services Research Center, University of Tennessee at Knoxville; Evelyn Polk Green, MS, MEd, Attention Deficit Disorder Association, Wilmington, Delaware; Kimberly Eaton Hoagwood, PhD, Department of Mental Health Services and Policy Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York; Kelly Kelleher, MD, MPH, Research Institute of Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Ohio State University, Columbus; John Landsverk, PhD, Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, University of California, San Diego; and Stephen Mayberg, PhD, California Department of Mental Health, Sacramento.
Financial Disclosure:Modular Approach to Treatment of Children with Anxiety, Depression, or Conduct Problems was the precursor to a manual for which Drs Chorpita, Daleiden, and Weisz may receive income.
Funding/Support: The study was supported by the MacArthur Foundation, the Norlien Foundation, and the National Institute of Mental Health.
Role of the Sponsors: The funders/sponsors did not participate in the design and conduct of the study; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Additional Contributions: We thank the participating organizations, clinicians, youths, parents, and lead research staff members (Emily Bolton, BA, Julie Edmunds, MS, Kaitlin Gallo, MS, Kelsie Okamura, BA, Chris Rutt, BA, Julie Takishima, BA, and Abby Wolf, BA). | <urn:uuid:cd3527ca-e07c-4279-8ab3-6bf738739074> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1107412 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938921 | 7,627 | 2.015625 | 2 |
In the wake of the death of Apple founder Steve Jobs’ death, several pro-life news groups and a columnist in the Washington Times highlighted the little-known fact that Jobs was given up for adoption as a baby.
The point: If Jobs’ mother had aborted him instead, the world would have never known the man who will surely go down in history books as one of the greatest innovators of all time; a man whose impact on the world we know— from personal computers to media consumption — is difficult to overstate.
You know the story? Jobs was born in San Francisco in 1955 to an unwed graduate student. Her family did not approve of the father, a Syrian and also a graduate student, but she married him when her father died, which was less than a year after she gave up Jobs for adoption. (They divorced not many years later.) His adoptive parents, a machinist and an accountant, were not college graduates, which caused a hitch in the adoption proceedings until they promised Jobs would go to college.
In the end, Jobs ended up dropping out of college after a semester, never to graduate, and made his way to India where he became a Buddhist before returning to develop his computer career. (Another little-known fact: He credited some of the success of his first computers to the art of script and fonts he learned in a college calligraphy course taught by Robert Palladino, a former Trappist monk and future Portland, Ore., archdiocesan priest.)
As a pro-life heroism story, it is not the strongest. Abortion was probably not a real option for his biological mother in 1955. And it is unclear, at least as far as I can tell from the public record, what Jobs’ personal position on abortion was, or whether he saw his own birth as a pro-life lesson in any way. (Though he clearly did view having and raising his own children as the highpoint of his earthly accomplishments: “It’s 10,000 times better than anything I’ve ever done,” he told one interviewer.)
On its own, his story is unlikely to change the heart of someone already committed to the pro-choice cause. After all, for every unborn child who might have ended up like Steve Jobs that has been killed by abortion, there may be an equal number like Osama bin Laden.
And it's a mistake to get entangled in speculative fantasies of how the world might be a better or different place if only someone else... if it means we lose momentum to make the world truly, actually a better place by practicing forgiveness and love.
But at the very least, his story should give the open-minded reason to pause and consider the magnitude of the loss of more than 50 million American lives to abortion since its legalization in 1973. What an extraordinary loss of talent and energy and creativity; more tragically what a loss of potential family members, friends, mentors, spouses. | <urn:uuid:3f3ef98c-59ea-4657-89db-dfa138dc439a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.osv.com/OSVNewsweekly/ByIssue/Article/TabId/735/ArtMID/13636/ArticleID/9049/Steve-Jobs-Worlds-most-famous-prolife-story.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00372-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978509 | 605 | 2.3125 | 2 |
STOCKHOLM – Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry Wednesday for finding an ingenious and environmentally cleaner way to build molecules — an approach now used to make a variety of compounds, including medicines and pesticides.
The work of Benjamin List and David W.C. MacMillan has allowed scientists to produce those molecules more cheaply, efficiently, safely and with significantly less hazardous waste.
“It’s already benefiting humankind greatly,” said Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede, a member of the Nobel panel.
It was the second day in a row that a Nobel rewarded work that had environmental implications. The physics prize honored developments that expanded our understanding of climate change, just weeks before the start of global climate negotiations in Scotland.
The chemistry prize focused on the making of molecules. That requires linking atoms together in specific arrangements, an often difficult and slow task. Until the beginning of the millennium, chemists had only two methods — or catalysts — to speed up the process, using either complicated enzymes or metal catalysts.
That all changed when List, of the Max Planck Institute in Germany, and MacMillan, of Princeton University in New Jersey, independently reported that small organic molecules can be used to do the job. The new tools have been important for developing medicines and minimizing drug manufacturing glitches, including problems that can cause harmful side effects.
Johan Åqvist, chair of the Nobel panel, called the method as “simple as it is ingenious.”
“The fact is that many people have wondered why we didn’t think of it earlier,” he added.
MacMillan said that winning the prize left him “stunned, shocked, happy, very proud."
“I grew up in Scotland, a working-class kid. My dad’s a steelworker. My mom was a home help. … I was lucky enough to get a chance to come to America, to do my Ph.D.,” he said.
In fact, he said at a news conference in Princeton, he was planning to follow his older brother into physics, but the physics classes in college were at 8 a.m. in a cold and leaky classroom in rainy Scotland, while the chemistry courses were two hours later in warmer, drier spaces. As he told that story, he said he could hear his wife pleading with him not to share it.
His said the inspiration for his Nobel-winning work came when thinking about the dirty process of making chemicals — one that requires precautions he likened to those taken at nuclear power plants.
If he could devise a way of making medicines faster by completely different means that didn't require vats of metal catalysts, the process would be safer for both workers and the planet, he reasoned.
List said he did not initially know MacMillan was working on the same subject and figured his own hunch might just be a “stupid idea” — until it worked. At that eureka moment, "I did feel that this could be something big,” the 53-year-old said.
H.N. Cheng, president of the American Chemical Society, said the laureates developed “new magic wands.”
Before the their work, “the standard catalysts frequently used were metals, which frequently have environmental downsides,” Cheng said. “They accumulate, they leach, they may be hazardous."
The catalysts that MacMillan and List pioneered “are organic, so they will degrade faster, and they are also cheaper,” he said.
The Nobel panel noted that their contributions made the production of key drugs easier, including an antiviral and an anti-anxiety medication.
“One way to look at their work is like molecular carpentry,” said John Lorsch, director of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences at the U.S. National Institutes of Health.
“They’ve found ways to not only speed up the chemical joining,” he said, “but to make sure it only goes in either the right-handed or left-handed direction.”
The ability to control the orientation in which new atoms are added to molecules is important. Failing to do so can result in side effects in drugs, the Nobel panel explained, citing the catastrophic example of thalidomide, which caused severe birth defects in children.
Since the scientists' discovery, the tool has been further refined, making it many times more efficient.
Peter Somfai, another member of the committee, stressed the importance of the discovery for the world economy.
“It has been estimated that catalysis is responsible for about 35% of the world’s GDP, which is a pretty impressive figure,” he said. “If we have a more environmentally friendly alternative, it’s expected that that will make a difference.”
The NIH supported List’s research with a grant in 2002. MacMillan’s work has received funding from NIH since 2000, for a total of around $14.5 million to date.
“It’s a great example of supporting basic science that you don’t necessarily know where it’s going to go” but can have major impact, said Francis Collins, NIH director.
The Nobel comes with a gold medal and 10 million Swedish kronor,, or more than $1.14 million. The money comes from a bequest left by the prize’s creator, Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel, who died in 1895.
Over the coming days, Nobels will be awarded in literature, peace and economics.
Jordans reported from Berlin and Larson from Washington. Associated Press journalists Mike Corder in Amsterdam and Ted Shaffrey in Princeton, New Jersey, contributed.
Read more stories about Nobel Prizes past and present at https://www.apnews.com/NobelPrizes. | <urn:uuid:a707813f-2724-4197-aab4-8181cb83f7fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.local10.com/news/world/2021/10/06/nobel-panel-to-announce-2021-prize-for-chemistry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.964465 | 1,246 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Shelley-Godwin Archive to Offer Digital Versions of Key Romantic Texts
Percy Bysshe Shelley’s working notebooks and Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley’s manuscript of Frankenstein among texts to be made available
June 7, 2011, New York, NY – The National Endowment for the Humanities has awarded a grant of $300,000 to the Shelley-Godwin Archive, a digital resource comprising works of Mary Wollstonecraft, William Godwin, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. Humanities scholars, curators, and information scientists from The New York Public Library (NYPL), the Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities (MITH), the Bodleian Libraries of the University of Oxford, the Houghton Library of Harvard University, the Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, and the British Library will collaborate on the archive's creation. They will be led by Elizabeth C. Denlinger, Curator of the Pforzheimer Collection of the NYPL. Neil Fraistat, director of MITH, a renowned scholar in both the digital humanities and Shelley studies, will act as co-Principal Investigator.
The Shelley-Godwin Archive will draw primarily from the two foremost collections of these materials, those of the Bodleian Library, Oxford, and the Carl H. Pforzheimer Collection of Shelley and His Circle at NYPL, which together hold an estimated 90 percent of all known relevant manuscripts worldwide. With the Archive’s creation, manuscripts and early editions of these writers will be made freely available to the public through an innovative framework constituting a new model of best practice for research libraries. First among these is the manuscript of Mary Shelley's iconic novel of 1818, Frankenstein; and second will be the working notebooks of P.B. Shelley, which are scattered amongst the five partner institutions from California to England. MITH will create the project’s infrastructure with the assistance of the New York Public Library’s digital humanities group, NYPL Labs.
This single family – Mary Shelley was the daughter of Godwin and Wollstonecraft, and the wife of P. B. Shelley – embodies an archetype of British Romanticism: all four struggled in their writings and their lives to change the world. Their most important works – in addition to Frankenstein, these are Wollstonecraft’s Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Godwin’s Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, P. B. Shelley’s Queen Mab and Prometheus Unbound – received very different degrees of acclaim in their authors’ lifetimes. All, however, have had lasting and profound effects on international culture – from Aaron Burr raising his daughter on Mary Wollstonecraft’s educational principles in the 1790s to Mohandas Gandhi’s public reading from Shelley’s Mask of Anarchy in twentieth-century India, to the inexorable vitality of Victor Frankenstein’s creature who lurches through public consciousness the world over.
While this project is just the first phase of the Archive, it will in itself constitute a rich stand-alone resource. In this initial phase, project partners will also digitize copies of Shelley’s major philosophical poem, Queen Mab, with his extensive reworking; the first two volumes of Mary Shelley’s journals; and manuscripts of two novels by William Godwin, Fleetwood and Cloudesley. In addition they will make available the ten volumes of Shelley and his Circle with their invaluable research and all the manuscripts contained in those volumes. With the digital publication of these materials, the Archive will bring together an entire group of widely scattered rare sources. In its final incarnation, project partners anticipate that the Archive will comprise digital images of all the major extant manuscripts of the four principal authors, and selections from their correspondence.
The project’s technical capabilities will build on the tool set and interface developed and since improved by MITH and the Bodleian for the Shakespeare Quartos Archive. It will enable new kinds of scholarly research and new pedagogical applications. Tools and functions will include capacity to collate texts, the ability to overlay images of the original printed editions, compare images side by side, search full text, and tag text with user annotations. The prototype will be assessed both by undergraduate and graduate students, and by a group of established specialists drawn largely from the project’s Advisory Board. At all points the project staff will have the benefit of advice from this Board, which includes the top scholars in both Romantic literature and the digital humanities. NYPL and its institutional colleagues are committed to developing and maintaining this archive as a flexible, versatile and potent source for the study of British Romanticism by teachers, students, scholars and lovers of poetry and history at all levels.
Please visit shelleygodwinarchive.org for updates. To join the mailing list, please email firstname.lastname@example.org
About NYPL Labs
NYPL Labs is an experimental unit exploring new approaches to librarianship and digital humanities research. A distributed team of curators, librarians and technologists from across the library, NYPL Labs develops everything from proof-of-concept pilots to fully realized web applications and digital archives, and hosts a range of staff workshops and external events. Building on the Library's public mission, NYPL Labs also seeks to play a meaningful role in the wider internet commons, collaborating with the public to build and enhance digital collections, and sharing tools and data with the digital humanities community.
Press contact: Jennifer Lam | 212.592.7708 | jenniferlam[at]nypl[dot]org | <urn:uuid:e960cea7-7f33-45a6-8b5a-89d640462e63> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.nypl.org/press/press-release/2011/06/07/shelley-godwin-archive-offer-digital-versions-key-romantic-texts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00364-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90697 | 1,166 | 2.15625 | 2 |
A water pressure regulator is a plumbing safety feature which is designed to prevent water pressure from climbing too high while also ensuring that the pressure remains high enough for consistent flow from faucets, taps, and shower heads. This device is often located near the water main on the outside of the house, and it is very useful for people to know where their water pressure regulators are, and how to adjust them if necessary.
Plumbing works because of the water pressure. When the pressure is high enough, water will be pushed through an open tap, even if the outlet for the water is well above ground level. However, pressure which is too high can result in leaks, eroded washers, banging pipes, and even explosions, in extreme circumstances. A water pressure regulator is a valve which controls the level of water pressure to ensure that it is effective and safe. In a multistory building, each floor may have a water pressure regulator in place, since higher levels of pressure are needed on high floors to successfully push the water up.
Classically, water pressure hovers somewhere between 40 pounds per square inch (2.8 kilograms per square centimeter) and 60 PSI (4.22 kilograms per square centimeter). Most water pressure regulators have an adjustable dial which can be used to increase the water pressure in the event that water is merely trickling out of taps, and to decrease the pressure if the water pressure is too strong. Some also have valves which open up in a pressure surge to allow water to harmlessly flow out, rather than blowing through the plumbing system.
Water heaters have a special type of water pressure regulator which is called a temperature pressure regulator valve (TPRV or TPR valve). The TPR valve is designed to open if the pressure or temperature inside the hot water heater grows to a dangerous level, allowing the pressure to vent harmlessly, albeit sometimes messily. If this valve becomes damaged or defective, there is a risk of an explosion caused by extremely high pressure inside the water heater.
Familiarizing oneself with safety features like water pressure regulators, main water cutoffs, and breaker boxes is a very good idea, so that they can be accessed quickly in an emergency. It is also a good idea to periodically test these safety features to ensure that they are working smoothly; it should be easy to turn the valve or knob with the assistance of a pair of pliers or vice grips, for example, and there should be no signs of corrosion, leakage, or stress on the surrounding joints. | <urn:uuid:2c3d0b26-4291-4403-aa6a-9bf981bbbd6d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aboutmechanics.com/what-is-a-water-pressure-regulator.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.956502 | 510 | 3.890625 | 4 |
Creepy story should sound cautionary note
Some of the best entertainment around is being devised for younger audiences, thanks to Cahoots NI. And here’s another example.
This wonderful mini-opera tells the story of the lonely little boy who lives in a hole at the side of the road. The townsfolk despise him, and he’s utterly alone in the world — until the arrival of a musician with a special gift.
The boy discovers that he too has a musical talent when he plays the flute— or does it play him?
Armagh composer/musical director Conor Mitchell has created a dark, enchanting production which features just four performers, three musicians and a mouse. Their story is told by a weary traveller (played by Toby Girling) who pauses to offer it up to us as a cautionary tale.
Mithcell’s rather creepy retelling of a familiar tale points to causes rather than effects, and stands as a warning to little children to be kind to others. | <urn:uuid:2961a417-72e8-46e6-a9ed-83e23066b79b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/creepy-story-should-sound-cautionary-note-28500622.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00409-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94164 | 211 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Google-owned artificial intelligence company DeepMind presented a deep neural network that generates amazingly human-like speech. Called WaveNet, this AI makes a significant advancement over existing speech synthesizers. What’s more, it can write pretty good classical music.
DeepMind is a British company, previously known for creating machine-learning AI software that beat the world champion of the notoriously-intricate game Go. Machine learning allows computer systems to teach themselves and make predictions based on gathered data.
The company claims that its WaveNet creates speech that can mimic any human voice and closes the gap with human speech performance by more than 50%. Google’s 500-person blind test study found people rating WaveNet’s English speech at a 4.21 (5 being realistic human speech), while concatenate speech got a 3.86 and parametric an even worse 3.67.
WaveNet also generated speech in Mandarin, which got similar results.
They did this by re-imagining currently used text-to-speech (TTS) processes. The two most common being concatenative TTS, used by Apple’s Siri, which involves pre-recorded fragments of speech, and parametric TTS, which sounds even less natural, getting speech generated through computer algorithms.
What’s different about WaveNet is that its can directly model the raw waveform of an audio signal, an extremely complicated task that required a novel neural network. WaveNet learns from voice recordings, then on its own creates speech. This independence also allows the program to generate other kinds of audio, like music.
To bolster their claim, DeepMind released some samples, comparing their WaveNets with samples made by concatenate and parametric TTS. You be the judge.
And now, this is what WaveNet generated:
After it was trained on a dataset of classical piano music, WaveNet produced these intriguing musical creations of its own:
What are the implications of this new tech? While it also means our eventual robotic overlords should being easier to talk to, virtual AI assistants like Siri or Cortana could benefit sooner. Google isn’t promising this is headed straight to such applications, however, as WaveNet requires serious computing power.
This achievement shows again the potential of DeepMind's neural networks which can and are being used for fraud and spam detection, handwriting recognition, image search, translation and other tasks.
In a very Google move, the paper on WaveNet is available on Google Drive here.
Want to know more about DeepMind? Check out this video: | <urn:uuid:a57892ff-3548-4e4c-ab98-ad2ffb3d093a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://bigthink.com/paul-ratner/listen-to-new-google-ai-program-talk-like-a-human-and-write-music | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00435-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932598 | 528 | 3.0625 | 3 |
(click/touch triangles for details)
- Alas, my piety is impious deemed.
- 2) To earthy from earth rebounding, down he crashed; The fire-brand from his impious hand was dashed, As like a Bacchic reveler on he came, Outbreathing hate and flame, And tottered.
There are no more uses of "impious" in Antigone.
Typical Usage (best examples) | <urn:uuid:26592416-00e1-4b87-8ba7-03403c5dd20c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.verbalworkout.com/u/u109/u416087.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.896507 | 100 | 1.640625 | 2 |
UberGive makes ‘Moving Day’ donation friendly
Ride-sharing company picks up items for donation to The Salvation Army in Boston.
By Drew Forster –
They come in droves—from across town, around the state, every time zone in the U.S. and all four corners of the globe. As home to one of the largest clusters of colleges and universities in the country, Boston is a temporary home to tens of thousands of students, who every fall must descend on the Massachusetts capital almost in unison, generating near chaos in the narrow streets of Boston and Cambridge.
It has become such a tradition here that they even have a name for this annual pilgrimage: in Boston, Sept. 1 is universally known as Moving Day, and this year, the ride-sharing company Uber wanted to make sure some good got done along with the packing, sweating and stress of it all. On the Sunday prior, Uber helped students get ahead of the chaos with a simple idea for making massive amounts of moving day clutter magically disappear.
Instead of just sharing a ride, the company encouraged app users to share their gently used items with The Salvation Army.
Uber users simply entered the code UberGive on the app and an SUV appeared at their door to whisk away pre-bagged and boxed clothing, as well as small household items. Once their vehicles filled up, the drivers—who were compensated for their time—offloaded donations into Salvation Army trucks strategically stationed around Boston and Cambridge.
Uber drivers made over 400 unique donation pickups. “Everything worked really seamlessly,” said Eric Strader, who oversees operations for Uber Boston. “Our drivers were able to fill their vehicles and unload quickly.”
UberGive was based on similar partnerships with other nonprofits in New York and Baltimore, Md., as well as a previous effort with The Salvation Army in Austin, Texas.
Major Thomas Taylor of the Boston Adult Rehabilitation Center, which benefited from the initiative, was impressed. “Doing this for the first time, I wasn’t sure how much we could expect to collect. I thought maybe a truckload,” he said. Instead, they hauled in nearly three times that amount. “Each of the three trucks was more than three quarters full,” he said.
Taylor reported total weight of the donations reached nine tons, prompting local Salvation Army leaders to begin brainstorming about other partnership opportunities with the ride-sharing company.
Uber says it is on board.
“I think this really worked the way we all hoped it would,” Strader said. “We definitely look forward to what we can do together in the future.” | <urn:uuid:ccb9f61d-8f06-49fd-9f41-cd7857a4c2e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://caringmagazine.org/ubergive-makes-moving-day-donation-friendly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.974099 | 550 | 1.601563 | 2 |
More than 50 Carrboro High School students walked into a General Assembly work session this week, holding up signs to support their teachers.
As the students entered the meeting room almost all heads turned. The signs said, “I don’t want my teacher to move to …” with a different state added on to each sign.
Afterward, the students stood side-by-side on the walkway so departing lawmakers would see their protest.
Leah Abrams, Carolyn MacLeod and Tejal Patwardhan, 10th graders, said they were shocked to learn most of their science teachers could be leaving for better-paying jobs elsewhere.
The school district confirmed two of the teachers have already resigned. One science teacher left during the middle of the school year.
Ray Thomas, a science teachers who is staying, said three other teachers have expressed interest in leaving, mostly because of teacher pay and the lack of respect they feel from current legislation.
The teachers’ salaries range from $40,000 to the longest-tenured science teacher who makes $68,000. Thomas, who has a Ph.D. and has 20 years experience in education, makes $61,000. He said he hasn’t received a raise in five years.
When the students found out their teachers’ salaries they were outraged, the students said.
“There are teachers whose (own) kids receive free and reduced lunch, and we think that that’s a crime,” Abrams said. “Teachers are really valuable to society because they teach us, and we felt we should do something about it.”
“The changes to our education that are affecting us now are just not OK with us,” said MacLeod. “We feel that it is a right to have an education that is equal to one you would receive in any other part of the country, and we feel that that’s not happening.”
Patwardhan said she will not be returning to the Chapel Hill-Carrboro district next year because her teachers are leaving. She said she will attend the N.C. School of Science and Mathematics.
North Carolina ranks 46th out of the nation’s 50 states in teacher pay.
Senate Republicans have proposed an average pay increase of 11.2 percent in exchange for teachers giving up their tenure and longevity pay. Teachers who decide to keep their tenure would receive no pay increase in the proposed budget.
The teacher tenure law protects teachers who have worked at a particular school at least four years. Firing a teacher with tenure requires “just cause,” and teachers may request a hearing.
Tom Brown, who has been teaching in the district for 31 years, will also be returning to Carrboro High next year. But he said he too is unhappy.
“It makes me sad because I’ve worked with some of these people for 10 to 15 years and they’re colleagues, and I value working with them,” Brown said. “To see them leave it makes it a sad day for me in North Carolina.”
Thomas and Brown both said they support their fellow teachers’ decisions.
“You’re going to get what you pay for,” Brown said. “Chapel Hill is a system that takes care of its teachers. If we’re losing teachers, then what about other counties with less money? I don’t know what’s going to happen.”
Ending career status or teacher tenure, Republican lawmakers say, will help weed out low-performing teachers.
Two weeks ago, a Wake County judge ruled that eliminating teacher tenure from teachers who have already earned it was unconstitutional.
However, with the exception of Durham and Guilford counties, which sued the state, local school boards in North Carolina are required to offer four-year performance-based contracts to the top 25 percent of nontenured teachers for the 2014-15 school year.
Those teachers will receive an additional $500 in base pay the first year, rising to $2,000 by the fourth year.
Ending tenure will make North Carolina a less atrractive state for teachers to work in, said state Rep. Graig Meyer.
“Teachers want to feel respected overall,” said Meyer, the former director for student equity and volunteer services for the Chapel Hill-Carrboro school district. “So the idea that you can buy teachers off with a higher rate of pay but pulling out other forms of respect for them by taking away their job security, taking away their ability to manage the classroom … that makes teachers not want to come here.
“Not just because of pay, but because they’re not going to be valued as professionals.” | <urn:uuid:5b8e7ee3-a56a-4a92-b34d-eac9b0d77f38> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/community/chapel-hill-news/article10331198.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00392-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980109 | 999 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Does God Exist?: An Answer for Today
Does God exist? The question implies another: Who is God? This book is meant to give an answer to both questions and to give reasons for this answer. Does God exist? Yes or no? Many are at a loss between belief and unbelief; they are undecided, skeptical. They are doubtful about their belief, but they are also doubtful about their doubting. There are still others who are proud of their doubting. Yet there remains a longing for certainty. Certainty? Whether Christians or Jews, believers in God or atheists, the discussion today runs right across old denominations and new ideologies - but the longing for certainty is unquenched. Does God exist? We are putting all our cards on the table here. The answer will be "Yes, God exists, " As human beings in the twentieth century, we certainly can reasonably believe in God - even more so in the Christian God - and perhaps even more easily today than a few decades or centuries ago. For, after so many crises, it is surprising how much has been clarified and how many difficulties in regard to belief in God have melted into the Light that no darkness has overcome.
73 pages matching God's in this book
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What people are saying - Write a review
LibraryThing ReviewUser Review - yapete - LibraryThing
Honest effort by a liberal theologian to answer the question 'Does God exist' in the affirmative. When I was ~20 I found it useful to reconcile my skepticism with my church activism. That is not ... Read full review
LibraryThing ReviewUser Review - robertg69 - LibraryThing
a closely reasoned case for belief in God but caveats about religious organizations like the Vatican Read full review
A REASON OR FAITH?
In what sense we can doubt everything
Faith as the basis of reason
64 other sections not shown | <urn:uuid:1f33ae57-5cd3-4a19-adc1-160ab4a75821> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://books.google.com/books?id=gj1aAAAAYAAJ&q=God's&dq=related:STANFORD36105039170084&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&hl=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956874 | 392 | 1.726563 | 2 |
News, Services, Events & Features @KSL
Energy Conservation @KSL...How 126 sensors now control nearly 1,000 light fixtures....
You've seen the ladders in KSL since January...electricians changing over 1,000 lightbulbs, installing relays and sensors. You've seen lower lighting in areas when nobody is in them--and when you walk in, sensors activate the lights.
Motion sensors, light sensors–it's all part of the Case Energy Conservation Program, expected to recover costs in KSL within 1 year. Adjustments will continue throughout the year, based on feedback and longer daylight hours. Read more about all the details on the KSL homepage, including the expected savings, where sensors are, what to expect (walk in/wave your arm), and more. You might even see a Case electrician in the middle of the night, checking for adjustments!
Posted by Karen Oye on February 26, 2006 12:12 AM | <urn:uuid:0474ed13-c4f8-4275-b488-56087c75ce06> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.case.edu/orgs/ksl/news/2006/02/26/energy_conservation_kslhow_126_sensors_now_control_nearly_1000_light_fixtures | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00160-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927777 | 197 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Public safety remains a high priority in Stafford County. As with other full-service communities, police protection, fire, and emergency services are funded and provided locally through Stafford County property taxes.
Law enforcement and community safety are delivered through the Stafford County Sheriff’s Office, along with emergency communications services through the 9-1-1 System. Stafford County Fire & Rescue delivers fire protection, rescue, and life safety services through both professional and volunteer personnel.
Stafford is fortunate to maintain a very low rate of crimes against persons and property – just 5.34 crimes per 100 residents during 2014. The Sheriff’s Office is located in the Stafford Public Safety Center and includes 244 employees.
The Office carries out crime prevention, community policing and criminal investigations. In addition, the Sheriff’s Office delivers and coordinates Homeland Security at the local level, administers civil process and other court-related services. The Department oversees several key crime awareness programs including Business Watch and others focused on business safety and security.
Fire & Rescue
Stafford County Fire and Rescue is an all-hazards response agency. The combination career-volunteer department provides emergency response and mitigation to all fire, rescue, emergency medical and environmental hazard (Haz-Mat) incidents. The Department is the lead agency for emergency management and oversees Explosive Ordinance Disposal, building plan review and fire code enforcement, fire and environmental crime investigation, and public fire and life safety education and preparedness.
The Department is headquartered at the Stafford Public Safety Center and serves the County with an integrated workforce of 350 career and volunteer personnel, operating from 15 fire and rescue stations in partnership with 14 volunteer rescue or fire/rescue companies.
Additional information on Stafford’s fire and emergency services and programs can be found on the Fire & Rescue website at: www.staffordfirerescue.com. | <urn:uuid:6bb1d144-5f6a-4524-ad22-fdd14329531f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gostaffordva.com/living-in-stafford/public-safety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00037-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928828 | 379 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Immigration Law Essentials Learning Track Resources
The Immigration Law Essentials Learning Track provides attorneys with the "must have" substantive materials key to launching or maintaining a well-resourced immigration law practice. We hope that our combination of publications, audio/video casts and online resources will help you in your practice.
In addition to the other resources shown in AGORA, the following links provide resources FREE to AILA members that are pivotal to an immigration law practice:
1) Our Featured Topics section on AILA InfoNet helps save you valuable research time by doing the work for you! Our featured topics section offers you categorized search results on commonly-researched and hot-button issues in immigration law today.
2) The Legal Action Center at the American Immigration CouncilA> (AIC) provides important 'Practice Advisories' which provide in-depth discussion and analysis on select substantive and procedural issues in immigration law today.
3) AILA's quarterly online publication called VOICE: An Immigration Dialogue is one of the newest member benefits helping to bring you the latest news, practical advice and opinion pieces designed to get immigration practitioners talking around the country.
4) Our official AILA YouTube Channel provides in-depth and timely video casts on our media appearances, hot-button topics and upcoming AILA events which will be of interest to all of our members.
Ratings & Reviews
All reviews will be reviewed by AILA prior to appearing on this page.
Be the first to review Immigration Law Essentials Learning Track Resources! | <urn:uuid:5fcd5093-7ff0-4119-97e7-e16841d3f06d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://agora.aila.org/Product/Detail/683 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00248-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91778 | 313 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Wyoming is home to some of the United States' most magnificent national parks -- Yellowstone, Grand Teton and the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area. Wyoming's parks feature a variety of natural phenomena, ranging from a world-famous geyser to an abundance of wildlife. Nature lovers flock to Wyoming by the thousands each year to explore the parks, which offer everything from camping to cross-country skiing opportunities.
Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park covers 2,221,800 acres, overlapping the borders of Wyoming, Montana and Idaho and is home to hundreds of geysers, including the popular Old Faithful. Yellowstone was established in 1872 as the first national park in the United States. A wide variety of wildlife call Yellowstone home, including grizzly bears, bison, elk, wolves, bighorn sheep, bobcats and lynx. The park offers camping, hiking, fishing, bicycling, horseback riding and llama packing and wildlife-viewing opportunities. Yellowstone National Park P.O. Box 168 Yellowstone National Park, WY 92190-0168 307-344-7381 nps.gov
Grand Teton National Park
Home to the Rocky Mountains' Teton Range, Grand Teton National Park comprises 310,000 acres located in the northwest corner of Wyoming and sits alongside the 24,000-acre John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway. The Teton Range rises more than 7,000 feet above the valley of Jackson Hole, the Snake River flows through the park and alpine lakes dot the landscape. Grand Teton National Park is home to a plethora of wildlife, including moose, bison, grizzly bears, elk and pronghorn sheep. The park offers campgrounds, as well as opportunities for hiking, biking, boating, fishing, climbing, horseback riding, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing and wildlife viewing. Grand Teton National Park P.O. Drawer 70 Moose, WY 83012 307-739-3300 nps.gov
Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area
Bighorn Canyon is located on the north end of Wyoming and crosses over into Montana. Sheer cliffs rise 1,000 feet above the Bighorn River, a popular destination for fly-fishing, and Bighorn Lake provides boating and fishing opportunities. The Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area includes 68,000 acres between the Pryor and Bighorn mountain ranges, and is a great place for camping, hiking, bicycling, horseback riding and wildlife viewing. More than 200 bird species can be found in Bighorn Canyon, as well as wild horses, bighorn sheep, elk, bison and black bears. Bighorn Canyon NRA Headquarters 5 Avenue B P.O. Box 7458 Fort Smith, MT 59035 307-548-5406 nps.gov
- old faithful image by Dave from Fotolia.com | <urn:uuid:c7587773-0373-40c4-b751-424f81e52c54> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://traveltips.usatoday.com/national-parks-wyoming-34599.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00420-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912766 | 605 | 2.203125 | 2 |
For Nagas, ornaments are about more than mere decoration; they help form the identity of the individual and the tribe.Nagas believe that ornaments were an important part of what defines a human. Most ornaments and motifs appearing on textiles have a specific and powerful symbolic meaning and the right to wear them is strictly governed. Women wear necklaces of polished hexagonal cornelian beads and for the wealthy, red pebbles. This Nagaland Fusion Necklace is made by mixed usage of colorful beads and carved animal bones and, comes up as an excellent choice to compliment your neckline with a vibrant grace and elegance.
Material- Beads,Animal bone
Art/Craft/Technique- Nagaland ornament making | <urn:uuid:1c2906c5-7c81-444d-87a1-67e864cf5a23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.directcreate.com/product/4245/nagaland-fusion-necklace | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.930467 | 161 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Microsoft has published a Security Advisory (“Vulnerability in Internet Explorer Could Allow Remote Code Execution”) that discloses a new critical vulnerability in all versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer, CVE-2013-3893 https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/security/advisory/2887505. This vulnerability has been seen in the wild exploited in targeted attacks and could be used by web-based attacks/ drive-by downloads and malicious advertisements known as malvertisements. This vulnerability also bypasses ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) protections that had been built into newer versions of IE as mitigating protections.
In response to this advisory, Palo Alto Networks has released an emergency content update (version 394) that provides detection of attempted exploitation of CVE-2013-3893:
Attack Name: Microsoft Internet Explorer Use After Free Vulnerability
CVE ID: CVE-2013-3893
Palo Alto Networks customers with a Threat Prevention subscription are advised to verify that they are running the latest content version on their devices. If you have any questions about coverage for this advisory, please contact Support. | <urn:uuid:ea1a4108-b461-475f-b131-84a7b3a8c02b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2013/09/coverage-information-for-microsoft-security-advisory-2887505-internet-explorer-0-day-vulnerability/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00312-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911284 | 226 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Sept. 7, 2007 — On Monday, Sept. 10, Gen. David H. Petraeus, the top U.S. military commander in Iraq, and U.S. Ambassador to Iraq Ryan Crocker will update Congress on the results of Bush's decision earlier this year to send 30,000 additional troops to Iraq.
To assist media in reporting on the Iraq surge report, the University of Virginia offers the following experts.
WHO: David Waldner
Expert on nation-building
Director of U.Va.’s Middle East Studies and associate professor in
the Woodrow Wilson Department of Politics
Author of “State Building and Late Development”
Taught “Nation-Building in Iraq” course in January 2007
CONTACT: Waldner will be available to talk with reporters after 4 p.m. on Monday, Sept. 10, and all day on Tuesday, Sept. 11. He can be reached by phone at (434) 409-7709 (cell) or (434) 924-6931 (office) and by e-mail at email@example.com.
WHO: William Quandt
Edward R. Stettinius Jr. Professor
Woodrow Wilson Department of Politics
"The debate in the United States over the Iraq war has been in something of a suspended state pending the reports by General Petraeus and Ambassador Crocker. Once they have had their say, Americans -- citizens and elected officials alike -- should have a serious, fact-based debate over the way ahead in Iraq. The stakes are huge, the risks of getting it wrong once again are high, and the onset of the presidential-election year makes this both more urgent and more likely to produce polarization rather than clarity and consensus. Still, debate and decide we must."
Quandt can discuss the Middle East, international affairs and foreign cultures, and American foreign policy in the Middle East.
Before joining U.Va.’s faculty, Quandt served as a senior staff member of the National Security Council during the Carter administration (working on the Camp David accords), among other posts. He was also a consultant to ABC News during the Gulf War. He is the author of "Peace Process: American Diplomacy Toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict Since 1967,” and he co-wrote "Politics of Palestinian Nationalism," among others.
CONTACT: William Quandt, (434) 924-7896 (office), (434) 971-1688 (home), firstname.lastname@example.org
WHO: W. Nathaniel Howell
Former Ambassador to Kuwait
Director, U.Va. Institute for Global Policy Research
Director, Arabian Peninsula and Gulf Studies Program
John Minor Maury, Jr. Professor of Public Affairs
"People will be able to find whatever they want in the report. It will not be unambiguous and it will not resolve any of the conflicts in the Congress."
Howell joined U.Va.’s faculty upon retirement from the U.S. Foreign Service in December 1992. He served as Ambassador to the State of Kuwait from August 1987 until December 1990, four months after the Iraqi invasion of that country.
CONTACT: W. Nathaniel Howell, (434) 924-3773 (office), (434) 974-9315
WHO: Philip Zelikow
White Burkett Miller Professor of History
Recent Counselor of the U.S. Department of State, where he
served as a senior policy advisor on a wide range of issues
to the Secretary of State
Zelikow recently returned to teaching in the University's Corcoran Department of History after serving as counselor to the U.S. Department of State from 2005 to 2007. He was director of the 9/11 Commission and principal author of its widely acclaimed report, and served as director of the Miller Center of Public Affairs from 1998 to 2005. Zelikow served on President George H.W. Bush's National Security Council staff with Condoleezza Rice, with whom he wrote “Germany Unified and Europe Transformed” (1995).
CONTACT: Philip Zelikow, (434) 806-8850.
WHO: Abdulaziz A. Sachedina
Professor of religious studies
Expert on Shiite Islam, Islamic extremism, the concept of
Holy War and Middle Eastern politics
"Hopefully we will find a way of avoiding further damage to America's image because of the continuing war and insurgency."
Sachedina has written encyclopedia entries on the Iraqi holy cities of Karbala and Najaf for the “Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World” (Oxford Univ. Press); a book chapter on “Justifications of Violence in Islamic Tradition”; and articles about the political role played by Islam in Iran, Iraq and Lebanon. Born in Tanzania to a West Indian family, he has lived throughout the Middle East. He has resided in and visited Iran frequently over the past 40 years. He speaks seven languages fluently, including Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Swahili.
Click here for audio of Sachedina comments.
CONTACT: Office phone: (434) 924-6725 [office], (434) 295-7655 [home], (434)
284-3824 [mobile], e-mail: email@example.com
WHO: Marc Selverstone
Assistant Professor with the Presidential Recordings Program, Miller Center of Public Affairs
Selverstone can talk about the historical dimensions of the Petraeus Report — precedents with Vietnam, the presidential relationship with the military, etc. — particularly with Kennedy and Johnson.
After receiving his Ph.D. in U.S. Foreign Relations at Ohio University, he joined the Miller Center in November 2000. He is part of the team of scholars transcribing and editing the secret White House tapes made by Presidents Kennedy and Johnson.
CONTACT: Marc Selverstone, (434) 243-8983, firstname.lastname@example.org
WHO: Paul Martin
Assistant professor and research fellow, Oral History Program, Miller Center of Public Affairs
Martin’s background focuses on the relationship between the people and the political elites. He's spent some time working on the Hill. Most recently his research has focused on congressional responses to political participation, specifically voter turnout. At the Miller Center, Martin is part of the Oral History Program's team of scholars conducting interviews for the William J. Clinton Project and the Edward M. Kennedy Oral History Project.
CONTACT: Paul Martin, (434) 924-6059, email@example.com | <urn:uuid:6cecd198-ebac-4706-b310-cf7b90f0503d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://news.virginia.edu/content/tip-sheet-iraq-surge-report | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00034-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933647 | 1,381 | 1.578125 | 2 |
NeutraFluor 5000 Plus Toothpaste
NeutraFluor 5000 Plus Toothpaste is a brand of medicine containing the active ingredient sodium fluoride (mouth and throat medicines (topical)).
Find out more about active ingredients.
Consumer medicine information (CMI) leaflet
Developed by the pharmaceutical company responsible for this medicine in Australia, according to TGA regulations.
NeutraFluor 5000 Plus Toothpaste
Consumer Medicine Information
What type of product is NeutraFluor 5000 Plus
NeutraFluor 5000 Plus is a high concentration sodium fluoride toothpaste for use by patients who have a high risk of dental decay (caries).
Scientific research concludes that when toothpaste containing a relatively high amount of fluoride is applied to the teeth it offers increased protection against acid attack from decay causing bacteria in the mouth.
What is in the product
This toothpaste contains fluoride, and each treatment dose, ie a thin ribbon of paste on a toothbrush contains 2.5mg fluoride ( 5,000ppm sodium fluoride). The toothpaste also contains a number of other ingredients. These are necessary to facilitate the consistency, flavour, foaming and cleaning actions of the toothpaste. These ingredients include silica, sorbitol, saccharin, polyethylene glycol, gum, flavour, sodium benzoate, sodium laurel sulphate, titanium dioxide, sodium hydroxide and brilliant blue colour.
NeutraFluor 5000 Plus is registered on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods and its number is Aust R 67437. NeutraFluor 5000 Plus comes in a 56g tube.
Before using this product
NeutraFluor 5000 Plus should only be used on the recommendation of your dentist or doctor, as part of a tooth decay prevention routine.
NeutraFluor 5000 Plus should not be used by any person with known allergic reactions to fluoride or the other ingredients stated above.
Children under 6 years should not use NeutraFluor 5000 Plus unless recommended by a dentist or doctor.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women should be cautious before using this product and discuss its use with their dentist or doctor.
How to use the product properly
Do not swallow the toothpaste. The toothpaste acts on the surface of your teeth and does not need to be swallowed.
Dosage: Follow these instructions unless otherwise instructed by your dentist or doctor:
- Adults and children 6 years and older:
Apply a thin ribbon of NeutraFluor 5000 Plus to a soft, small headed, multi-tufted toothbrush. Brush teeth thoroughly for two minutes.
- After use:
Adult spit out. Children aged 6 -16 years spit out after use and rinse mouth thoroughly. For best results, do not eat, drink or rinse your mouth for 30 minutes.
NeutraFluor 5000 Plus is easily applied on a toothbrush and should be used daily in place of regular fluoride toothpaste unless otherwise instructed by your dentist or doctor.
In the event of an overdose, contact your nearest Poisons Information Centre (or hospital accident and emergency department), or tell your doctor immediately.
Allergic reactions have been rarely reported with the use of fluoride toothpastes.
Should you experience any unwanted effect from using the product you should stop using the product and consult your doctor or dentist.
How to store the product
You should keep your NeutraFluor 5000 Plus below 25°C and out of reach of children.
This product should not be used after the expiry date which is clearly marked at the crimp on the end of the tube.
This toothpaste has been recommended specifically for you. Do not share this toothpaste with any one else.
If you have any concerns or questions you should not hesitate to discuss these with your dentist or doctor.
Where this product comes from
NeutraFluor 5000 Plus is a product developed by Colgate-Palmolive.
Colgate Oral Care
345 George Street
Sydney NSW 2000
For all enquiries regarding this product, please call Consumer Information Service (Free Call) 1800 802 307(Australia) or 0800 441 740 (New Zealand)
This package leaflet was developed in January 1999.
CMI provided by MIMS Australia, December 2014 | <urn:uuid:fe875bd6-734c-4093-9280-7c24e51187fd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nps.org.au/medicines/ear-nose-mouth-and-throat/mouth-and-throat-medicines-topical/sodium-fluoride/neutrafluor-5000-plus-toothpaste | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00341-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.882286 | 887 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Every vehicle has blind spots. Yes, some vehicles have larger blind spots than others, but every driver needs to be aware that there are areas around their vehicle that they cannot see when they look in their side or rearview mirrors. If a driver fails to check their blind spots before attempting a maneuver with their vehicle, this could result in an accident. Here, our Chicago car accident lawyers want to discuss who can be held liable in the aftermath of a blind spot car accident.
How do Blind Spot Accidents Occur?
We do not know exactly how many accidents occur each year in Illinois that involve blind spots. The reality is that the state Department of Transportation does not keep track of this specific cause of accidents. What is more likely to happen is that a person will face a citation for failing to yield the right of way, failing to signal a turn, or careless operation of a vehicle.
Blind spot accidents occur in a variety of ways, and they can affect drivers and passengers in other vehicles as well as motorcyclists, bicyclists, and pedestrians. All vehicles have blind spots, though larger vehicles such as SUVs and pickup trucks have more prominent blind spot than traditional compact cars. Blind spots can lead to accidents in a variety of ways in Illinois.
- Accidents while reversing. When a person puts their vehicle in reverse, they must check their mirrors to see if there are any obstacles. Additionally, all drivers should physically turn their heads around to look behind the vehicle. Yes, most modern vehicles do now have backup cameras, but these do not cover all of the blind spots.
- Merging accidents. When a person is merging onto a highway or road, they must check to make sure they have a clear path before completing the merger. Although it would be nice if oncoming drivers were courteous and allowed vehicles the space to merge, that is not their responsibility. The merging vehicle has the responsibility for yielding the right of way, and they should only merge when it is safe to do so. Blind spots could lead to a person merging and causing an accident.
- Unsafe lane changes. Lane changes must be done carefully, and these are some of the most common ways that blind spots cause accidents. When a person needs to change lanes, they should check their mirrors and physically turn their heads to see if there are any vehicles in their blind spots in the direction they wish to go.
Who is Responsible for a Blind Spot Accident?
In most cases, a driver who fails to check their blind spots before backing up, merging, or changing lanes will be held liable in the event they run into another vehicle or pedestrian. It is the responsibility of a vehicle driver to be aware of any activity in their own blind spots. There are no laws that state vehicles cannot travel in the blind spots of other vehicles.
Having a blind spot is not a suitable defense against crash liability. Victims in these cases will argue that a reasonable and prudent driver should have been able to process what was going on in their blind spot and should have prevented the accident.
However, these cases can become challenging if two vehicles merge at the same time and collide. In these situations, an investigation will be needed to determine which driver was in the wrong. The at-fault driver will usually be the driver who did not have the right of way, but there are times when more than one party can share liability for an accident. This will inevitably reduce the total amount of compensation a person can receive, or it could eliminate their ability to receive compensation altogether. | <urn:uuid:0fa4b1ab-0dba-452c-90aa-5238b5187572> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.seidmanlaw.net/blog/who-is-liable-in-a-blind-spot-car-accident/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.975523 | 719 | 2.109375 | 2 |
As reported by Fierce Government IT, “As cloud computing technology continues to become more pervasive, the application of the Fifth Amendment to protecting a suspect’s encrypted data is likely to become a more prevalent issue in litigation, finds a paper by J. Adam Engel, vice president of Lycurgus Group published in the Whittier Law Review.”
Until now, suspects have infrequently invoked their Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination when the government has sought to compel suspects and defendants to provide passwords and encryption keys to access digital assets.
The use of the Fifth Amendment as a way to deny law enforcement encryption keys and passwords for cloud data will need a few tests in court. It will be interesting to see how those tests turn out, considering the government has been grabbing servers and laptops for years. This is not much different.
The use of encryption with cloud-based data will be more the norm. Indeed, Google will do so by default. However, while the government won’t typically be able snoop on that data without your knowledge, which is a good thing, if they want to see your data, they will just show up and demand it.
Most of the cases will be around domestic criminal activity, not snooping to discover terrorism using patterns of data. That may make the difference here in how these protections are leveraged in the courts. The lawyers are clearly watching. | <urn:uuid:ec2c2cdc-e589-4a39-8cc6-ab9a749408df> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://gigaom.com/2013/10/17/the-cloud-and-the-fifth-amendment-become-an-issue/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00460-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958462 | 288 | 2.203125 | 2 |
William Pearson (L) donates a copy of his book "The Icarus Parallel" to the Williamsburg Regional Library. Accepting the donation is Library Development Officer Benjamin Goldberg. The novel's protagonist is Carter Martin, a man accustomed to international intrigue and faced with new challenges when he enters the world of high stakes Greek antiquities. The author attended the Virginia Military Institute and received a degree in Political Science from Old Dominion University. During Pearson's career in the Air Force and the intelligence field he lived throughout the world, including nearly six years in Greece. This title will be added to the Local Authors Project collection at the library. For more information call 757-259-4042.
This item was posted by a community contributor. | <urn:uuid:c134f58a-fe8d-4013-b497-9099f49bb894> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dailypress.com/entertainment/books/dp-ugc-article-local-authors-project-donation-to-williamsbur-2015-05-01-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00317-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93781 | 148 | 1.523438 | 2 |
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