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This stylized version of a bird (the volutes inside the romboid shape would probably represent either its wings or the wind it flew through) is a very good example of a ceramic tradition that covered much of Northwestern Mexico and the Southwestern United States.
Late Classic (900-1340 A.D.)
Casas Grandes, State of Chihuahua
Clay with cream, red and black pigments
17.5 x 22.5 cm.
National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico.
Photo © Jorge Pérez de Lara | <urn:uuid:aeb0217d-b37f-4606-bc9d-049e4b77ad17> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mesoweb.com/features/jpl/82.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00080-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.883993 | 122 | 2.75 | 3 |
Presentation on theme: "By Montse Villarreal. It was one of the most typical intimate jobs in Spanish cities during a long time. In fact our elderly miss them so much today.These."— Presentation transcript:
By Montse Villarreal
It was one of the most typical intimate jobs in Spanish cities during a long time. In fact our elderly miss them so much today.These persons, who were always men, worked at nitght and they were in charge of lighting on all street lamps in the street, as well as having every keys of the bloks where they were working, in case somebody needed them. Also they helped anybody who was in trouble or got home in not very good conditions, but with the arrival of the modern entry-phone it started their disappearance.
This was one of the most popular jobs in Spanish villages. They were in charge of giving important news from their own town or from other cities. They used a bugle to meeting people, normally in the town´s squards.
Knifegrinders were, as usual, men and they wandered between cities, towns or villages on their bicycles to sharpen things like knives or scissors or fixing umbrellas. With the beginning of the culture of using and throwing away these men were losing their activity although ocasionally you can still find someone in towns or small villages today
They sold the newspapers on the corners of streets but they didn´t know how to read. They used to claimed the most important news that day had happend.
When families had a lot of money had their own messenger, that is, a man who carried things fron one part to another one. They used to move by bicycle or on workhorse. The smaller bussines shared the same messenger for everything. In the same way that previous jobs the new technologies like phones and post were finishing with this job little by little.
Blacsmith are, once again men, who know how to use the metals, specialy the iron to make things like weapons, tweezers, bars, and many more ones. They use tools like hammers, and an anvil in their forges where the metal is heat up to give it the shape they want. Although this job seems to be very ancient, there are still some blacksmiths in towns and villages; many of them making things as bars, souvenirs or special things to decorate gardens.
In days gone by mattress were made of wool but with the pass of the time this material was bundled. When that happened the mattress were taken to these men who beated the wool with a stick so that this material got good conditions to be use again. With the arrival of sintectic materials the mattress made of wool dissapeared and with they this old job.
These men were in charge of extracting the resin from the trees, normally pines, and they pick the resine up in containers. My father was one of them and although we never spoke about it, I feeling that when he left his village to come to Madrid he missed those pine wood in Arévalo, his village, very much.
Although this is an ancient job today it is continuing making in farmers. The unique diference from the pass is that when they cut the sheeps´wool now, they do it with electrical tools but they have to be very carefull because the quality of wool depends on the kind of cut the sheepshearer do. Sheeps are always sheared before summer.
Did you know that the barbers were first called sheepshear and they were taken from Sicily to Rome in 451? A man who lived then was shaved every day and this tendence was imitated for people. They started workng in the fresh air but later only slaves and common people did it outdoors. However welthy and gossip men started to meet intodoors to speak about news in the city as the same time they were shaved. The most popular owner was who was able to know how to answer all questions that these gossip men leaded to him… | <urn:uuid:8ee137e5-66e6-45bb-9c8f-de74345938e7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://slideplayer.com/slide/1484583/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989169 | 833 | 3.03125 | 3 |
(Capsicum anuum var. glabriusculum)This wild pepper is the oldest known hot pepper. It still grows wild in México and the southern US. It is extremely hot but has a great deal of variability. Expect 50,000-250,000 Scovilles depending on the season and your location. The small pea sized peppers have a unique flavor and ripen from green to orange-red. 95 days.
21-26 days, 72ºF. Start early indoors and transplant well after last frost. Grow seedlings at 62ºF night temperature and 70ºF day temperature. Lower temperatures permanently reduce plant productivity. | <urn:uuid:392d30d2-14aa-4277-a283-fa83d3738363> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.neseed.com/Pepper-Seeds-Chiltepin-p/32065.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00191-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907279 | 134 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Glen Newey writes:
Gourevitch and Morris chronicle the anomie which marked life in the prison. The cultural stereotyping of prisoners was a routine aspect of personnel training, with particular stress on Arabs’ reputed fear of dogs. Prisoners were frequently kept naked – what Private Lynndie England and others called ‘standard operating procedure’ (SOP). Children as young as ten years old were incarcerated: one of the tactics for nailing suspects was to kidnap their children and hold them hostage until their fathers turned themselves in. Abu Ghraib was situated in a war zone, contrary to international law; detainees were routinely burned with cigarettes as an interrogation technique. | <urn:uuid:9e5f2103-78e7-431d-900c-1cfe92a52ad8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.londonreviewbookshop.co.uk/on-our-shelves/book/9780330452014 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00088-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980466 | 141 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Take your choice – bare-root roses or container-grown roses. Both of them can be planted in the spring. Bare-root roses should be planted in spring. Container-grown roses can be planted anytime during the growing season. If you do plant in the spring you might be fortunate (very fortunate in the case of bare-root roses) to be enjoying flowers come summer.
The Best Time for Planting Roses is Determined by Your Zone
And in zone 6, the final date for frost is early to mid-April (April 1 through April 15). The first date for frost in the fall in zone 6 is mid-October through the end of October (October 15 through October 30, to be more precise).
Tips for Planting Roses by Zone
Don’t plant roses (particularly bare-root roses) until any danger of frost is gone.
Plant roses when the soil is easy to work and has warmed up. This will likely be at end of April in zone 6.
Don’t try to work the soil if it’s either frozen or it’s too wet. Working the soil when the conditions are not appropriate damages the structure of the soil. Best to be patient for a while longer.
Image by Ulrike Leone from Pixabay | <urn:uuid:73317f0e-b75a-44e3-827a-83984eb827e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://angelichomeliving.com/when-to-plant-roses-in-zone-6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.926381 | 265 | 1.859375 | 2 |
CCNet-ESSAY, 7 July 1999
NEED FOR A NEW RISK ASSESSMENT FOR AIRBURST IMPACTS?
From Kjeld Engvild, Risoe National Laboratory <email@example.com>
Most evaluations of the risks of asteroid or comet impacts state that
there is little danger associated with those many cases where the
object explodes in the air and never reaches the ground (Chapman and
Morrison 1994). There is only significant global risk in those rare
cases where a large object hits the surface - less than once per
100,000 years. However, the experience of the last 100,000 years has
been a large number of climate excursions overlapped by the beginning
and end of an ice age. The ice age climate excursions occurred about
every 3,000 years with differences in mean temperatures of up to 7
degrees centigrade (Dansgaard et al 1993).
Climate excursions on a smaller scale have also characterized the
latest 6,000 years. This has been shown by decade long, worldwide
narrowing of tree rings (Baillie 1995, 1999). Baillie has described at
least 6 well dated episodes: 540 AD, 44 BC, 207 BC, 1159 BC, 1628 BC
and 2345 BC. Only the episode 1628 BC can be explained by volcanism:
the explosion of Santorini north of Crete destroying the minoan
civilization. The AD 540 event lasting from 536-545 is best described
in the historical records; it involved reduced sunlight, mists or
"dry" fogs, crop failures, famines in China and the Mediterranean, and
The impact of comet Shoemaker-Levy on Jupiter was a series of high
airbursts resulting in huge plumes covering tens of thousands of km
squared. The plumes were extremely black ("gunk"), they were visible
for months and the particle haze in the Jupiter atmosphere has remained
for years (Friedson et al 1999).
Could a similar airburst over the earth cause significant climatic
excursions? Let us examine a degassed comet 0.2 km diameter, density 1,
mass 4.2 million tons, impacting at 15 km/sec; such an object should
hit about once every 1400 years (Solar system collisions) and release
an energy of 88 megatons TNT of energy. Assuming 75% of the object to
be dust (the other being ice), the explosion would blow 3 million tons
carbon, silicon, magnesium and sulfur and other stuff more than 1,000
km above the earth (Boslough and Crawford 1997) Entrained with the
explosion will be 1 million tons of ice from the comet and millions of
tons of water vapor from the atmosphere. Most of the dust will be
ground to about 0.1 micrometers; some dust will be oxidized to
silicates and MgO by atmospheric oxygen. 5-10 million tons of material
will be injected high into the stratosphere and cover most of the globe
within a week. This amount is of course several orders of magnitude
lower than the dust and sulfate injections which can cause volcanic
winters. The difference is in the location. Most stuff from the
volcanoes will not reach the stratosphere, while most stuff from the
asteroid and the entrained material will reach 50 or 100 km altitude.
The amount corresponds to 10-20 mg of smoke per square meter. It will
take several years before most of the particles have reached ground
level.The dust particles will act as nucleation centers for ice
formation causing much additional haze in the stratosphere. The result
is a much increased earth albedo causing earth surface cooling over
several years. Perhaps enough to cause significant climate effects with
reduced yields in agriculture?
Boslough and Crawford (1997) have modeled a "Tunguska" size impact and
conclude that it will be dangerous for satellites in orbit. This is of
course regrettable, but one would like to know if more serious
consequences might be foreseen, such as "cosmic winters", drastically
lowered food (rice and maize) production, and large scale population
migrations as happened in the years after the 540 AD event in Europe.
Baillie M 1999. Exodus to Arthur. Batsford London
Baillie MGL 1995. A slice through time: Dendrochronology and precision
dating. Batsford, London
Boslough MBE Crawford DA 1997. Ann New York Acad Sci 822: 236-282.
Chapman CR Morrison D 1994. Nature 367: 33-40.
Dansgaard W et al 1993. Nature 364: 218
Friedson AJ West RA et al 1999. Icarus 138: 141-156.
Impact hazards: http://impact.arc.nasa.gov
Planetary defense workshop:
Solar system collisions: http://janus.astro.umd.edu/astro/impact.html
Plant Biology and Biogeochemistry
Risoe National Laboratory
CCCMENU CCC for 1999 | <urn:uuid:f1216202-19cf-44a0-a0db-e89753abaca4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://defendgaia.org/bobk/ccc/ce070799.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.861229 | 1,160 | 3.125 | 3 |
Are you a daydreamer? Were you accused of daydreaming at school? Many of us were. With minds that are easily distracted and work that is less than exciting, it is easy for thoughts to drift away into other realms. It can take anything, or nothing, and it is often difficult to back-track from where we find ourselves, along the path of thoughts to what initiated the journey. It can be no more tangible that the dream that escapes upon waking.
While daydreaming can be pleasant and good for relaxation and creativity, it is often frowned upon in students meant to be concentrating on what they are to learn. Children would probably find it easier to attend if the work was tailored to their needs, initiated by their interests, and involved them as participants rather than recipients. The fifteen minutes of play per hour that Finnish children enjoy would also help, I’m sure, in giving time for minds to be, not corralled into predetermined channels.
In this Conversation on Daydreaming with Jerome L. Singer in Scientific American by Scott Barry Kaufman on 10 December, 2013, Singer says, “I think that teachers need to recognize that often, the daydreaming is because some of the kids are bored”.
Whether through boredom or not, daydreaming can sometimes lead to breakthroughs in solving problems, creativity and productivity as described in this CNN article by Brigid Schulte For a more productive life, daydream. Brigid lists a number of daydreamers; including:
- J K Rowling
- Mark Twain
- Richard Feynman
Other famous daydreamers include:
- J. R. R. Tolkien
- Boy George
- Richard Branson
Here are a few other quotes about the importance of daydreaming:
Keith Richards is reported as saying that “Satisfaction”, the Rolling Stones’ most famous hit, came to him in a dream, and
Paul McCartney says the same thing about the Beatles’ hit “Yesterday”.
Neil Gaiman: “You get ideas from daydreaming. You get ideas from being bored. You get ideas all the time. The only difference between writers and other people is we notice when we’re doing it.”
George Lucas: “I’m not much of a math and science guy. I spent most of my time in school daydreaming and managed to turn it into a living.”
Professor Elizabeth Blackburn, the first Australian-born female Nobel Laureate, attributes her success as a molecular biologist, in part, to daydreaming. She is reported by the Sydney Morning Herald to have said, ‘I think you need time to daydream, to let your imagination take you where it can … because I’ve noticed [that] among the creative, successful scientists who’ve really advanced things, that was a part of their life.’
While speaking to students at Questacon in Canberra after receiving her prize, she joked, ”Your parents and your teachers are going to kill me if they hear you say, ‘she told us just to daydream.’
So why is it, if the importance of daydreaming is recognised by successful creatives, thinkers, scientists, and business people, that it is still frowned upon in school? Why do we still insist that children sit at desks, repeating mundane tasks in order to pass tests that have little bearing on their future success or on the future of our species and the planet?
In a previous post I wrote about John Dewey’s dream “of the teacher as a guide helping children formulate questions and devise solutions. Dewey saw the pupil’s own experience, not information imparted by the teacher, as the critical path to understanding. Dewey also contended that democracy must be the main value in each school just as it is in any free society.” According to Pasi Sahlberg in Finnish Lessons, What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? schools in Finland have dreamed their own dream by building upon Dewey’s.
Of course, on a much smaller scale, I have my own dream of a better way of educating our children.
This week at the Carrot Ranch, Charli Mills dreamed a dream and challenged writers to In 99 words (no more, no less) write a story that involves a dream. This action could have happened while awake, such as daydreaming, or make up a dream when asleep. Go where the prompt leads as it could be a nightmare or just fond memories or ambition.
This is my response. I hope you enjoy it.
Off with the fairies
Each year the school reports told the same story:
He’s off with the fairies.
Needs to pay more attention.
Doesn’t listen in class.
Must try harder.
Needs a better grasp on reality.
Will never amount to anything.
Meanwhile, he filled oodles of notebooks with doodles and stories.
When school was done he closed the book on their chapter, and created his own reality with a best-selling fantasy series, making more from the movie rights than all his teachers combined.
Why couldn’t they see beneath the negativity of their comments to read the prediction in their words?
Of course, not all daydreamers become successful, and not all children have a negative schooling experience. For a much more appreciated and positive set of comments, read this post by Elizabeth on Autism Mom Saying Goodbye to Elementary School.
Thank you for reading. I appreciate your feedback. Please share your thoughts. | <urn:uuid:80165188-26d9-4ff9-8116-ee9c0fe4679f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://norahcolvin.com/tag/problem-solving/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.962696 | 1,192 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Basics to Turbine Oil Reclamation and Re-fortification
In the past five years or so there has been an increased demand for electrical energy in North America. Due to the increased demand, coupled with deregulation, many energy suppliers have purchased and/or commissioned a significant number of new turbines. In addition, many older machines have been recommissioned or are being used as base load machines. The current condition of the turbine oil in service may be (or should be) in question. These new operators range from old established energy providers to new companies meeting the energy challenge. As would be expected, the energy providers’ knowledge of lubricants and lubricant-related issues ranges from highly skilled to novice. The intention of this article is to clarify the positives and negatives of reclaiming and refortifying turbine oils and to point out the significance of getting it right.
Before we get started, a discussion of the terminology used in this article is in order.
Clarification of Terms
Reclamation refers to cleaning and reconditioning of a lubricant, thereby rendering it suitable for continued use in the same application for which it was originally formulated. In the industry today, reclamation normally refers to the removal of water and solid particles from the lubricant.
Refortification refers to the act of adding a predetermined amount of additive to a clean, dry, used lubricant to replenish some of the depleted additives. In most cases, refortification and reclamation are used together.
To answer a commonly asked question: the process of reclamation or refortification will not effectively remove spent additive materials, soluble oxidation products or any other species that readily dissolve into the turbine oil. Currently, some companies are working on processes to remove some of these materials, but commercial units are not available.
Recycling a lubricant usually involves using a spent lubricant in a different, less critical application than its original purpose. An example of this would be using spent engine oils for secondary fuel in a cement kiln. Another form of recycling is re-refining where, through a series of process steps, the used additives and contaminants are removed from spent lubricants to produce re-refined base oils.
Turbine Oil Formulations
Formulating turbine oils is not a difficult science; however, it does require a delicate balance of the correct additives and base oils. In today’s market, most turbine oils are formulated with API Group II base oils and contain less than two percent additives (Figure 1).The addition of oil soluble foreign materials to the product can upset the balance of the formulation, and adversely affect product performance.
Figure 1. Turbine Oil Composition
At first glance, one would think that the quality of turbine oil in a newly commissioned turbine is a nonissue and the oil should last for its designed service life; however, this is not always true. In some cases, to reduce costs, contractors select turbine oils which meet only minimum original equipment manufacturer (OEM) requirements for the application. These products can have a reduced service life as the oil undergoes thermal and oxidative stresses. In some cases, this may require change out or refortification of the turbine oil in less than three years of service.
In addition, it is an OEM-recommended practice to flush new turbines with the original charge of oil. After flushing the turbine, the oil is reclaimed. The particulate and water contamination are removed, and the oil is retested to ensure that it meets the original OEM specifications. In general, the practice of reusing the flush oil as the system lubricant for the new turbine system is discouraged. While particles (dirt, scale, welding slag, etc.) and water contamination are easily removed by reconditioning (vacuum dehydration and filtration), other contaminants can enter the turbine oil during the flushing process. These contaminants may include: hydraulic oil, grease and metal preservative materials, and will readily dissolve into the turbine oil and become part of the formulation. No commercially available process on the market today can remove the latter contaminants.
The addition of these contaminants to turbine oil formulations can negatively affect long-term product performance and may result in system deposits, varnish, lubricant foaming, degradation of water separation properties, etc. Therefore, when commissioning a new turbine, it is suggested that only flush oil be used to clean the system. If more than one turbine is being constructed, the flush oil can be reconditioned and used again as a flush oil in a different turbine. At the end of the project, the flush oil should be discarded, recycled or used in noncritical applications.
The Process of Reclamation and Refortification
Reclamation or the removal of water and particulate contamination from oil products is fairly straightforward and can be easily accomplished. Water can be removed from turbine oils via reservoir settling, vacuum dehydration, centrifugation or coalescing. Methods to reduce particle counts include: reservoir settling, mechanical filtration and electrostatic filtration. These methods are effective in removing contaminants, and they do not significantly reduce the additive content of the reclaimed turbine oil.
However, it has been the authors’ experience that surface-active additives, such as antifoamants and/or demulsifiers, can be selectively removed from oil formulations. These materials are not filtered out, but tend to accumulate or plate-out on filter media surfaces. The removal rate is relatively slow, so over the life of the lubricant, these additives can gradually be depleted from the formulation. Therefore, properties such as foaming characteristics and water separation should be monitored over the life of the lubricant.
Refortification or the addition of additives to the turbine oil is much more difficult and requires knowledge of the formulation. The need for this knowledge should not be underestimated. Turbine oils are balanced formulations designed to provide optimum performance. The addition of different additives to the used turbine oil may result in an imbalance in the formulation that could adversely affect performance.
Another refortification problem manifests itself with base oil issues. Turbine oils formulated with API Group I base oils have different solvent characteristics than newer Group II base oils. The addition of the wrong type of additive to a used turbine oil might result in additive insolubility. These imbalances can result in additive dropout and/or the formation of reaction products, and can result in system deposits, varnish and filter-plugging problems, etc.
In the case of reclamation and refortification, it is important that the equipment used to perform these operations be cleaned prior to its use. In some plants, reclamation equipment is portable and cross-contamination with other fluids is a real concern. Experience has proven that contamination will occur unless operators are acutely aware of contamination issues and the types of problems that can arise if proper precautions are not taken.
If a situation which requires the services of an outside contractor arises, make sure its equipment is clean. Before processing turbine oils, always flush the equipment thoroughly with the product to be processed or with fresh clean base oil. In addition, it is strongly recommended that all mechanical filters be changed to avoid cross-contamination. The main objective is to keep the reclamation equipment clean to prevent cross-contamination. Also, when using an outside contractor, it is recommended that the job be done on-site and the contractor not be permitted to remove the oil to an off-site facility. Once off-site, the opportunity for contamination of the oil with other fluids increases.
Approach to Reclamation and Refortification
Depending on the performance level desired, turbine oils are formulated with different additives to enhance performance. Along with proper base oil, these additives will offer good resistance to oxidation, inhibit sludge formation, protect system components and have adequate surface properties. The factors that affect oil service life vary, but the properties of new turbine oils are expected to degrade over the life of the product. Thorough and routine testing of the turbine oil will determine when the properties have changed significantly to warrant corrective actions. ASTM D4378 Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines2 is an excellent starting point to develop your monitoring program. Tests that are normally conducted on used turbine oils are listed in Figure 2. Depending on the application, the ultracentrifuge test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and a simple filter patch test may also be added to the testing schedule.
Figure 2. Used Turbine Oil Analyses
When the monitoring program detects high water content (in excess of 500 ppm) or particulate contamination (depends on OEM and user requirements), quick action is required. The circulation of these contaminants through the turbine can irreversibly damage equipment parts and cause operational problems. Reclamation is straightforward and can easily and effectively remove water and particle contamination. However, corrective actions should also be taken to identify and correct the source of these contamination problems.
When the monitoring program detects other deficiencies, excessive foaming, low rotating pressure vessel oxidation test (RPVOT), poor water separation properties, etc., refortification of the turbine oil may be in order. As stated earlier, refortification is difficult and requires knowledge of the turbine oil formulation. Trying to refortify another supplier’s product is risky business, because the formulation may contain additives that are not compatible with the additives that are used to refortify the turbine oil formulation.
To correctly address the problem, a series of laboratory blends will need to be prepared to determine the proper concentration and the appropriate additives to add back to the formulation. An effective testing program will include compatibility and stability testing. These are needed to prevent the overtreating of additive components, which can result in additive instability and/or dropout, resulting in filter plugging, system varnishing and deposits.
The method of adding the correct additive, in correct amount, back to the formulation is critical. Most additives have solubility limits in base oils and/or are more viscous than the turbine oil; therefore, they should be completely and thoroughly mixed into the formulation. It is suggested that the equipment have inline blending capabilities when adding additives to the used turbine oil. This equipment will slowly add the appropriate amount of the additive back into the used turbine oil. The tank-side addition of the neat additives or additive slurries is not recommended, because it could result in additive “slugging” or dropout of the additive in the bottom of the reservoir.
Once the job has been completed, a post sample should be taken and tested to ensure that the blending of additives into the used oil has been accomplished and the expected results have been obtained.
Turbine oil reclamation and refortification require knowledge of the condition of the oil, capabilities of the equipment, and the formulation. Provided these processes are performed correctly, they can be beneficial and can greatly extend the life of the turbine oil. Also, given the complexities of the steps required to refortify the used turbine oil, partnering with a trusted supplier and/or contractor could be beneficial.
- McNeely, M. “The Coaster Ride Continues Downhill.” Diesel & Gas Turbine Worldwide, October 2003.
- Designation: D4378-97. “Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines.” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05.02, 2002. | <urn:uuid:dba78fa8-bf10-44da-ac3a-4b7fc9398afc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mbfluids.com/technical/turbinesreclamation-and-refortification/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.937697 | 2,356 | 2.6875 | 3 |
While LEDs grab the spotlight, CCFLs continue
LED backlighting for LCD displays is clearly a hot topic in display design these days (see LCD backlighting using 2-D LED dimming boosts TV performance and saves power" and Turning LED backlights into gold: Can it be done?
.) But, as evidenced by recent new product introductions, good old-fashioned CCFL (cold cathode fluorescent) backlights are still alive and kicking, and may still have a few tricks up their sleeves.
Consider the new low cost CCFL controller from Maxim, for example, which reduces the parts count in LCD monitors and TVs (see CCFL controller reduces BOM cost for LCD backlighting).
And from Endicott Research, a new line of "smart" CCFL inverters with better efficiency, wider dimming range, and more consistent current (see CCFL inverters have a very low profile.)
And a short while ago Fairchild introduced what they claimed was the most integrated CCFL inverter to date (see CCFL backlight inverter drive ICs simplify design and increase reliability).
Clearly, LED backlights have captured the spark and imagination of the design community. But so long as CCFLs remain the inexpensive tried and true solution for LCD lighting, they're likely to continue for some time to come. | <urn:uuid:431676df-2603-4770-b51b-a1a7f74dcf90> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eetimes.com/author.asp?section_id=36&doc_id=1282166 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940508 | 271 | 1.625 | 2 |
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To compare individual with community risk factors for adolescent smoking.
A cross-sectional observational study with multivariate analysis.
National telephone survey.
3646 US adolescents aged 13–18 years in 2007 recruited through a random digit-dial survey.
Ever tried smoking and, among experimental smokers, smoking intensity (based on smoking in past 30 days).
One-third of participants (35.6%, N=1297) had tried smoking. After controlling for individual risk factors, neither tobacco outlet density nor proximity were associated with tried smoking or smoking intensity. Associations with trying smoking included age (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.23, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.31), lower socioeconomic status (AOR=0.82, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.91), sibling smoking (AOR=2.13, 95% CI 1.75 to 2.59), friend smoking (AOR=2.60, 95% CI 2.19 to 3.10 for some and AOR=7.01, 95% CI 5.05 to 9.74 for most), movie smoking exposure (AOR=2.66, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.63), team sports participation (AOR=0.69, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.89) and sensation seeking (AOR=7.72, 95% CI 5.26 to 11.34). Among experimental smokers, age (AOR=1.32, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.44), minority status (AOR=0.48, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.79 for Black; AOR=0.46, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.69 for Hispanic; AOR=0.53, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.85 for mixed race/other), friend smoking (AOR=3.37, 95% CI 2.37 to 4.81 for some; AOR=20.27, 95% CI 13.22 to 31.08 for most), team sports participation (AOR=0.38, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.55) and sensation seeking (AOR=6.57, 95% CI 3.71 to 11.64) were associated with smoking intensity.
The study suggests that interventions and policies to prevent and reduce youth smoking should focus on individual risk factors for smoking, including supporting participation in team sports, minimising exposure to movie smoking, addressing the social influence of friend smoking and addressing experience seeking among high sensation-seekers.
Preventing adolescent smoking is a key public health imperative. Individual risk factors for youth smoking have been studied for decades. They include personality factors such as sensation seeking,1 2 and other social influences like parent3–6 and friend7 8 smoking. They also include exposure to tobacco marketing9 and smoking in entertainment media,10 which were both considered causal risk factors in a recent (2012) Surgeon General's report on smoking in adolescents and young adults.11 Research has shown that extracurricular activities, such as team sports participation, are associated with preventing youth smoking.12–16 Knowledge about these risk factors has informed interventions aiming to minimise adolescents’ responsiveness to social risk factors17 and policies to minimise adolescent's exposure to tobacco marketing and movies.18
In addition to individual risk factors, community influences such as frequent exposure to tobacco outlets19 and tobacco outlet density,20 21 have been associated with youth smoking. Compared to the compelling research on individual risk factors, evidence for community influence is mixed. Studies to date have been regional, have not extensively controlled for individual characteristics and have applied varying approaches to density measurement.21–24 To our knowledge, studies have not yet tested whether the association between tobacco outlet density and proximity is confounded by race or social influences like sibling and friend smoking. One study that controlled for individual sociodemographics failed to find an association between tobacco outlet density and youth smoking.25
Another area to consider in the context of tobacco outlet density and proximity is their association with neighbourhood characteristics, such as poverty, that may also pose a community risk factor for smoking. Many studies show an association between tobacco outlet density and neighbourhoods characterised by high percentages of minorities21 23 26–29 and low income,21 23 27–29 although this finding has not been consistent across regions.26 Thus, the finding that tobacco outlet density is related to youth smoking could also be confounded by community factors. Nevertheless, the literature was robust enough for Cohen et al30 to propose policies to limit tobacco outlet density to reduce youth smoking, raising the question of whether individual or community-level factors have greater potential to prevent youth smoking.
This study examines the role of access to tobacco outlets on youth smoking in a national sample of US adolescents. By access, we mean approaching, entering, exiting and having exposure to information imparted to potential customers about tobacco products, including visibility of in-store and storefront advertising. Our focus is twofold—to assess the multivariate association with youth smoking after controlling for other individual and community risk factors, and to compare the sizes of these associations. It is the first to consider the role of community-level factors on adolescent smoking in the US nationwide, and the first to jointly examine individual social and media influence risk factors with community-level factors. The intent of this work is to inform interventional research and policies related to tobacco control efforts directed at youth.
This study is guided by Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory,31–33 which posits that development, health and well-being are situated within and shaped by the interactions that occur between the individual and the four systems: microsystem (immediate environment), mesosystem (connections between immediate environments, eg, tobacco outlet density and proximity), exosystem (indirect external environmental settings) and macrosystem (larger cultural context).31–33 For this study, we include individual-level variables that are well-established risk factors for smoking: gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and the personality characteristic of sensation seeking. We also include the microsystem variables of friend smoking, sibling smoking, exposure to smoking in movies and team sports participation. Our mesosystem variables include tobacco outlet density and distance to closest tobacco outlet. Our exosystem variables include proportion population Black, proportion population Hispanic, and proportion of families with income below the poverty level.
A detailed description of the recruitment methods for study participants has been published previously.34 Briefly, between June and October 2003, 6522 US adolescents aged 10–14 years were recruited through a random digit-dial telephone survey, which captured a representative sample of US adolescents. Five follow-up surveys were conducted at 8-month intervals. This study involves the fifth follow-up survey conducted in the fall of 2007. Interviewers successfully contacted 3055 (47%) of the original 6522 adolescents for this round. Loss to follow-up was higher among Blacks, older adolescents, those of lower socioeconomic status, baseline smokers and higher sensation seekers. To address the minority attrition, a sample of 598 Black adolescents (in the same age range) were recruited through lists of residential numbers for US census tracts for which African-Americans represented 20% or more of the population, resulting in an available sample of 3653 for this study. Parental consent and adolescent assent were required for participation. The study was approved by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at Geisel School of Medicine. The 3653 subjects lived in 3456 unique census tracts, of which the majority (95.5%) contained only one subject; 144 tracts (4.2%) contained two subjects and 11 tracts (0.3%) contained three subjects. Most adolescent residential locations were geocoded to their home street address (N=3167). When home street address was not available, they were geocoded to their ZIP code centroid (N=479), resulting in a final sample size of N=3646 for this study. We used a complete case analysis approach because only 110 subjects (3%) were missing data from one or more variables. The dependent and independent variables include dichotomous, polychotomous and continuous variables. Three variables (smoking intensity, socioeconomic status and sensation seeking) are scales derived from two or more items, constructed using the ‘α, gen (varlist)’ command in Stata 12. The sections below describe how we ascertained the information, constructed the variables, handled outliers and rescaled the variables in order to compare the associations in our analytical models.
Ever tried smoking: Respondents were asked, ‘How many cigarettes have you smoked in your life?’ and those who responded ‘none’ were categorised as never smokers. Those who responded in a category that indicated lifetime smoking were then asked about past 30-day smoking intensity.
Smoking intensity: Smoking intensity was based on a composite measure using two items (α=0.82): ‘During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes?’ (none, 1–10 days, 11–29 days or every day); ‘How many cigarettes have you smoked in your life?’ (none, a few puffs, 1–19 cigarettes, 20–100 cigarettes or more than 100 cigarettes). This measure had whole number values ranging from 1 to 7. We have used this measure in previously published work.35
Sociodemographics: Individual measures of age, race and ethnicity were included. Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed using a standardised composite measure based on parent reports of their own education and household income (α=0.69). The variable was centred around zero and a one-point increase corresponded to a 1 SD increase in SES.
Sibling smoking: Sibling smoking was assessed with the question, ‘Do any of your older brothers or sisters smoke cigarettes? (Yes, No)’.
Friend smoking: Friend smoking was assessed with the question, ‘How many of your friends smoke cigarettes? Your choices are none, some, or most’.
Exposure to movie smoking: Adolescents’ exposure to movie smoking was estimated using the Beach method36 for top US box-office hits from 2000 to 2006 (n=384). Movies were content-coded for smoking using previously validated methods.36 Each adolescent survey was programmed to randomly select 50 movie titles from the larger pool of 384 movies; respondents were asked whether they had ever seen each movie title. To create a measure of exposure to movie smoking, the number of smoking occurrences in films each adolescent had seen from his/her unique list of 50 movies were summed. A proportion was generated by dividing this number by the number of smoking occurrences that the adolescent would have seen had all 50 movies in the unique list been viewed and this proportion was multiplied by the number of smoking occurrences in the entire parent sample of 384 movies.
Team sports participation: Team sports participation was assessed with a single item, ‘Now I'd like you to think about all the sports teams you played on during the past 12 months, including all school, community or recreational teams. How many sports teams did you play on in the past 12 months?’; Team sports participation was skewed right, with responses ranging up to 12, with 4 at the 95th percentile.
Sensation seeking: Sensation-seeking propensity was assessed using a short 5-item measure: ‘I would like to explore strange places’, ‘I like to do frightening things’, ‘I like new and exciting experiences, even if I have to break the rules’, ‘I like to listen to loud music’ and ‘I like to do dangerous things’. Each of these items had the following response categories for each statement: Strongly Agree, Disagree, Agree and Strongly Agree. These items had a Cronbach's α of 0.70. The sensation seeking scale ranged from 0 to 15 with 12 at the 95th percentile.
To obtain a national dataset for tobacco outlets, we reviewed North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes from 2007 and selected establishments that were likely to sell tobacco products. The Office of Management and Budget developed NAICS for use by Federal statistical agencies in classifying all business establishments based on their primary activity. We selected the 306 695 establishments coded as tobacco stores, grocery stores, gas stations and convenience stores and obtained geocoded data from the NAICS Association. Although some businesses classified as department stores, liquor stores and pharmacies may sell tobacco as well (eg, Wal-Mart, Costco, CVS), they were not classified as tobacco outlets because they also include many stores that do not sell tobacco (eg, Sears, Dollar Stores, hospital pharmacies) and the NAICS categories do not allow differentiation between subclasses of stores that do or do not sell tobacco.
A nationwide density surface of the tobacco outlets using adaptive bandwidth kernel density estimation (KDE)37 38 and the LandScan Global Population Database39 was produced. Adaptive bandwidth KDE accounts for the underlying population density by limiting the bandwidth of each tobacco outlet to the surrounding population of 1000 people. Setting a limit constrains the influence of a single outlet to a small spatial extent where the population density is high (urban areas) while in rural areas the reach of the tobacco outlet is geographically larger. For sparsely populated regions, the bandwidth of each tobacco outlet was limited to a 25 km radius to prevent the density calculation from expanding to a spatially unreliable distance. The resultant density surface covers the continental US with pixels that are ~0.5 miles on each side and have a density value in units of tobacco outlets per 1000 people. Each adolescent was assigned the density value based on the pixel at their geocoded location.
ArcGIS Network Analyst (ESRI, Redlands, California, USA) was used to compute the distance along the road network from the adolescent's geocoded location to the closest tobacco outlet. Street data were obtained from the 2008 edition of StreetMap North America,40 which was created in 2005 and based on the ground conditions in 2003. Other methods of measuring proximity were also considered, including Euclidian distance and driving time. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated no difference between methods in the final model (data not shown).
Community characteristics that might be confounders for tobacco outlet density and proximity were included. Using the US Census 2000 data, the proportion population Black, the proportion population Hispanic and the proportion of families with income below the poverty level for each adolescent's census tract were calculated.
Pearson correlation coefficients were used to describe the association among community influences. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between individual and environmental risk factors and ever tried smoking, and multiple ordered logistic regression was used to assess the odds of being higher on the frequency of smoking scale among smokers. Because the majority of the sample resided in unique census tracts, it was not necessary to fit hierarchical models. Instead, the environmental variables were entered as individual-level risk indicators of the adolescent's environment. Some variables (movie smoking exposure, sensation seeking, team sports participation, tobacco outlet density, distance to the closest outlet, proportion population Black, proportion population Hispanic and proportion families with incomes below the poverty level) were skewed right. In order to limit the influence of high outliers, values higher than the 95th percentile were trimmed to the 95th percentile. In addition, to allow a comparison of effect size among the variables, friend smoking, movie smoking exposure, tobacco outlet density, proportion of families with incomes below the poverty level, sensation seeking and team sports participation were rescaled so that the lowest value was 0 and the highest value was 1. This scaling procedure allowed a comparison between the dose–response between individual/community measures and adolescent smoking. The 95% CIs were assessed based on two-tailed hypothesis assumptions.
Table 1 describes the characteristics of the adolescents and their correlation with the two smoking outcomes. Only 36% had tried smoking, and this percentage increased across age categories from 18% to 56% in 13-year-olds and 18-year–olds, respectively. Among smokers, mean smoking intensity also increased with age. There were no large differences in tried smoking prevalence across gender or race, but smoking intensity was much lower among Black and Hispanic smokers compared with Whites and those of mixed race. The correlation between community variables and smoking was an order of magnitude lower than correlations with individual characteristics. Whereas tobacco outlet density was positively correlated with trying smoking, it was negatively correlated with smoking intensity. The largest correlation for community predictors was −0.19, between proportion population Black and smoking intensity, also consistent with lower smoking intensity among minorities at the individual level.
The community characteristics were also correlated with each other. Higher tobacco outlet density was associated with larger proportions of families with incomes below the poverty level, proportion of the population that was Black and Hispanic (table 2). Tobacco outlet density decreased as the distance to nearest outlet increased (correlation=−0.32), but the relationship was not linear. There was a wide range for distance to closest outlet among adolescents living in low tobacco outlet density areas, and a wide range of densities among adolescents living close to an outlet, justifying the consideration of both factors as being independently associated with smoking behaviour.
Overall, 35.6 percent of respondents reported ever having tried a cigarette. Being male, being Hispanic, having sibling(s) who smoke, being of lower socioeconomic status, having friends who smoke, being older, having more exposure to movie smoking, not playing team sports, being higher in sensation seeking and living in a neighbourhood with higher tobacco outlet density were all significantly associated with ever trying smoking in the unadjusted models (table 3). Two types of multivariate models were built to test these associations with ever trying smoking. In the first, only community-level factors were included; it showed a significant inverse association with proportion of the population that was Black and a significant association with census tract poverty. In the second multivariate model, individual characteristics were added, which substantially improved model fit. Whereas most individual characteristics (sibling smoking, socioeconomic status, friend smoking, age, movie smoking exposure, team sports participation and sensation seeking) were significantly associated with ever trying smoking in the second model, none of the community characteristics were significantly associated with ever trying smoking. Notably, the coefficient for tobacco outlet density changed little across models and, although small, remained close to statistical significance, in contrast to the other community predictors.
Most of the respondents who had tried smoking (73%) reported no smoking in the past 30 days. Multivariate model results for smoking intensity among the experimental smokers are reported in table 4. Minority status, friend smoking, age, team sports participation, sensation seeking, tobacco outlet density, proportion population Black and Hispanic, and poverty, were all associated with smoking intensity at the bivariate level. In the community-only multivariate model, proportion population Black and Hispanic retained a significant inverse relation with smoking intensity. In the full model, friend smoking, age and sensation seeking were all associated with higher intensity and being Black or Hispanic and participating in team sports associated with lower intensity. None of the community characteristics retained a statistically significant association with smoking intensity.
The tobacco outlet density—smoking association was not significantly different for those 18 years and older in either the tried smoking or the smoking intensity model. Additionally, excluding subjects for whom Zip code centroid was used as a proxy for home address had little impact on the results.
This study highlights the much stronger association between individual health risk factors and youth smoking behaviour compared to community risk factors. Two studies that have examined the relationship between tobacco outlet density or proximity and youth smoking have suggested that tobacco outlet density (but not proximity) is associated with youth smoking.21 22 Consistent with those studies, in the unadjusted model we saw a statistically significant association between tobacco outlet density and youth smoking, but not after accounting for additional community and individual risk factors for youth smoking. More importantly, the magnitudes of the community associations with youth smoking were small compared to individual risk factors. Thus, regardless of whether the association of tobacco outlet density reached accepted standards for statistical significance, the small potential effect across a broad range of tobacco outlet densities suggests that policies designed to lower density would have only a small impact on adolescent smoking. In contrast, the associations between team sports participation and both smoking outcomes were large enough to suggest that interventions and policies aiming to support those activities could help prevent adolescent smoking.
This study used Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory to frame the possible joint effects of individual-level, microsystem, mesosystem and exosystem variables on youth smoking. When variables were scaled so as to compare effect sizes, our findings indicated a relative importance of individual-level variables compared to the community variables we studied. We suggest that empirical multilevel studies pay attention to estimating effects that allow for such comparisons, in addition to focusing on statistical significance. Although we found no strong associations with smoking for the community variables studied, this study does not rule out the possibility that other neighbourhood characteristics, such as measures of social capital or neighbourhood smoking, may have an important impact on youth smoking. In fact, one study using the Brofenbrenner model found that neighbourhood rates of youth smoking affected adolescent smoking trajectories, over and above individual risk factors.41
The association between some risk factors and smoking was present for trying smoking but not smoking intensity among experimental smokers, underlying the importance of modelling different smoking transitions separately. Trying smoking is strongly influenced by social risk factors (sibling smoking, friend smoking, movie smoking and team sports participation). Among experimental smokers, smoking intensity continues to be associated with smoking by some social influence factors—peers, team sports and exposure to tobacco marketing,35 42 but is also is predominantly driven by addiction processes.43 44 In this study, sensation seeking was a risk factor for trying smoking and higher smoking intensity, consistent with other research.45 Sensation-seeking level probably captures, in part, biological characteristics that promote experience seeking46 and tolerance of deviance,47 but it may also be associated with higher sensitivity to the addictive influence of nicotine.48 Given its large association with both smoking outcomes in this study, research on using sensation seeking to target high-risk adolescents,49 modifying risk factors that affect sensation seeking deserve greater emphasis. For example, one study suggested that higher exposure to adult-rated movies resulted in higher growth in sensation seeking during adolescence.50
Consistent with other studies that have distinguished between trying smoking and smoking intensity,51 some characteristics were associated with one outcome but not the other. Exposure to smoking in movies was associated with trying smoking but not smoking intensity, consistent with some other reports.35 42 Minority youth tried smoking at rates similar to White youth, but minority ever smokers had much lower smoking intensity than Whites. This finding is not surprising, given that minority adolescents have lower rates of smoking compared with Whites,52 53 with larger temporal declines in smoking among Black adolescents54 and lower rates of progression to regular use.55 Studies of trying smoking have been inconsistent, with some confirming lower rates among minorities,56 whereas others,57 including this one, did not. Why minority youth that try smoking have lower-smoking intensity than Whites deserves further research, given that the finding holds across studies;52 55 minority adolescents could be less susceptible to nicotine addiction in its earliest stages or social or family circumstances could reduce the likelihood of progression of experimental smoking during adolescence.
This study was limited in that it relied on cross-sectional data and therefore cannot address temporality. However, it would be unusual to see a weak correlation in a cross-sectional study become a key predictor in a longitudinal one. The national scope of the study could be viewed as a strength but precluded us from directly assessing where tobacco outlets were in each community. Instead, we relied on available commercial data, subject to higher levels of error. Although this limitation could have widened CIs due to random error, we have no reason to believe that the error is larger in some neighbourhoods than others, which would lead to biased estimates. We suggest that, even if the results were statistically significant, the size of the associations were still small for tobacco outlet density and the other community characteristics we measured.
Compared to individual risk factors, tobacco outlet density might be less relevant for minors who are legally constrained in their purchase of tobacco. One previous study of adolescent smoking found no association for tobacco outlet density but a positive association between access—the proportion of stores that illegally sell to minors—and youth smoking.25 This suggests that tobacco outlet density could be more important in determining smoking patterns among adults, who are less constrained in their purchase of tobacco at retail outlets. Although we found no evidence for that in the small number of adults present in this sample, further study in adult samples may be indicated. Our study did not explicitly measure exposure to tobacco storefront advertising in the context of community-level influences and therefore cannot address this issue explicitly—we cannot rule out a storefront advertising influence without more elaborate measurements of access to this particular aspect of tobacco retailing. Tobacco outlet density should be a proxy for exposure to storefront advertising but would not capture individual differences in how adolescents respond to or remember it, which could explain differences between our findings and those of others who assessed recollection of storefront advertising.58 Finally, we studied tobacco density and proximity at home, not in school. McCarthy et al. looked at the relationship between tobacco retail density near schools and youth tobacco use and found that the effects were limited to trying smoking (not established smoking), and only among high-school students in urban areas.59 However, their work did not include the depth of individual-level variables presented in this analysis. Future studies should consider the role of tobacco outlet density and proximity around schools in the context of individual risk factors for adolescent smoking.
This study adds to the growing body of evidence that public health campaigns to prevent and reduce youth smoking should emphasise individual risk factors for smoking, including supporting participation in team sports, minimising exposure to movie smoking, addressing the social influence of friend smoking and addressing experience seeking among high sensation-seekers.
Contributors: All authors (1) made substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data or analysis and interpretation of data; (2) drafted the article or revised it critically for important intellectual content and (3) approved of the final version to be published.
Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health CA77026 (JD) and 1K23AG036934 (EB).
Competing interests: None.
Ethics approval: The study was approved by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at Dartmouth Medical School.
Provenance and peer review: Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Data sharing statement: Data are available from the authors upon request. | <urn:uuid:8c184774-bd13-4610-a4be-e9c28350279f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3437428/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00302-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958949 | 5,486 | 2.328125 | 2 |
I spent a good chunk of the plane flight to and from AAA reading an advance copy of Jared Diamond’s forthcoming book The World Until Yesterday: What Can We Learn From Traditional Socieites?. (Actually, that’s not true. I got sidetracked by the vivacious Cradle of Gold: The Story of Hiram Bingham, a Real-Life Indiana Jones, and the Search for Machu Picchu which I highly recommend). I plan to blog more about World as I plow through it, but I’m far enough along now that I did want to share some first thoughts. The book’s argument is in its title: Diamond examines the lifeways of traditional/small-scale/prehistoric societies (the terminology, although central to his argument, is messy because the category he’s trying to construct is incoherent. But more on that later) to see what practices and ideas they may offer those of us who are Developed and slightly nostalgic for the good old days. It’s big and ambitious, and the most audacious attempt to do cultural anthropology that Diamond has yet attempted. I basically think of it as the anti-Debt (runner up for comparison, btw, goes to James C. Scott, whose work also is a lot like Diamond’s).
Debt and World share a similar focus: to challenge our ethnocentrism by showing us the world can be — and was — different from what it is now. Both fascinate because this focus is embedded in a much bigger, global story which is really the main attraction of both books: what Graeber and Diamond are really doing is showing us their world view, and how much the world and how narrations of it change when we see it from their point of view. Both are criticized by particularists — people who are angry there aren’t more footnotes, insist that ‘it’s more complicated’ and are opposed, in principle to thinking big (although I must say Diamond has become completely unmoored from evidence in this latest book and has basically decided to skip any detailed accounting of his claims whatsoever). But there the similarities end.
I take Graeber’s book to be an attempt to get people to wise up — to realize that the truth is right there in front of them and not that hard to see if you look at it straight on: that we’ve created a system that is deeply screwed up, cruel, and unfair. Diamond, on the other hand, has a sort of whiggish take on societal evolution and basically thinks it is great that we are where we are, and we shouldn’t want to be anywhere else (you only need to get to page 11 of the book for him to write off anarchism). That said, he does have a romantic nostalgia for the past and the simpler world we have lost — which is why he wants to use it to remind ourselves of how we ought to live. Politically, the books couldn’t be more different.
Diamond has done what anthropology — with the exception of Graeber and Debt — has not: written a big, accessible book which presents our findings to a general audience. He is the new Margaret Mead. The new Margaret Mead, people. Meanwhile, over in our corner of the world we are either not interested in popularization (when is Rabinow going to write ‘anthropology of the contemporary: a light beach read’?) or else are committed to ‘public anthropology for anthropologists’: accounts of organ trafficking, war zones, etc. that deal with our issues and are written in ways we consider ‘popular’ and consist largely in trying to convince the public that they ought to care as much about structural violence as we do.
Most of Diamond’s material comes from a small number of examples, and behind each of those examples is a small number of scholars who are expert in those fields who obviously have Diamond’s back. This includes my friend and colleague Polly Wiessner, whose work on — and for — the people of Papua New Guinea is remarkable. I can feel the wagons circling: on one side, the anthropologists who are interested in knowledge and progress and feel burned by anthropology’s turn to ‘postmodernism’ (which for them may mean Geertz), and on the other, most of the people at the AAAs. The most important point about Diamond’s new book for me personally is that it forces anthropologists to think through where they are today and who they are willing to support. A lot of respectable people have been enrolled by Diamond. The dynamic is no longer ‘anthropology versus a dilettante outsider’. rather, we face Jared Diamond as the representative of one faction in anthropology’s internecine struggle. Its one thing to insist that anthropology has a different outlook than a lot of other disciplines, and that that outlook is important and deserving of respect. It is quite another to say that a lot of anthropologists are ready to join the scientific community while others are doing something else that no one can understand and which is important because…. uh…
Debt is important to me because it represents an anthropological tradition which has important things to say about the world which it think are ‘true’, even if they are not ‘science’. It too relies on experts who have nailed down areas of study (Keith Hart, for instance, or, you know, Polanyi) but also moves beyond them to show what synthesis looks like when done from our point of view. This version of anthropology as a rigorous, humanistic and generalizing form of knowledge offers a credible and important counterweight to narrow visions of anthropology which get extremely shirty about what can count as knowledge. However, it is important to note that when well-done and carefully executed, there should be considerable overlap between Debt and World approaches to knowledge. Ultimately, these two approaches should be able to work together to produce complementary accounts of human life which can take their seat at the huge Round Table Of Human Knowledge that is scholarly work. It’s just hard to manage this sort of accord when the ‘Scientists’ always insist on playing King Arthur. | <urn:uuid:6622a2e5-67e1-4655-8710-cce6a4741de5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://savageminds.org/2012/11/27/the-anti-debt-first-thoughts-of-jared-diamonds-new-book/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00562-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967495 | 1,291 | 2.140625 | 2 |
As a youngster, Amy Nathan ’67, M.A.T. ’68, sang in her school’s glee club, attended children’s concerts, and danced to beautiful music in ballet classes. She remembers nine years of piano lessons less fondly: “[They] somehow never gave me the idea playing piano could be fun.” She quit in high school and didn’t return to the instrument until she had children of her own.
Today, Nathan is the author of The Young Musician’s Survival Guide (Oxford), a winner of the Parents’ Choice Award, which offers practical advice for teen musicians who deal with challenges ranging from remaining dedicated to practicing to handling pesky performance jitters. “Learning to play an instrument can indeed be fun, but it’s also often incredibly frustrating, even with the best teacher,” she says. “How do successful music students keep going despite the hassles? I decided to write a book for kids that would provide some answers.” To avoid the “boring-practice blues,” she recommends varying locations, inventing stories to accompany pieces, playing along with recordings, and experimenting with improvisation. Learning not to dwell on mistakes and holding pre-concert run-throughs for friends and family can help tame nerves.
The idea for the guide came partly from Nathan’s own history, but also from a determination to create a positive learning experience for her sons, who showed an early interest in music. “I found a piano teacher who was good with kids and whose teaching style emphasized the joy over the drudgery,” she explains. “My sons had such a good time that I started taking lessons from their teacher, too, and—surprise—found myself enjoying plunking away again.” Both sons are still making music: Noah ’09 played alto sax in Harvard’s Monday Jazz Band; Eric, a trumpeter, is pursuing a D.M.A. in composition at Cornell.
A second edition of the guide, published last October, offers suggestions about incorporating Internet tools, computer programs, and other technologies into students’ practice routines. It also features tips from accomplished teen musicians and more than 25 professionals, among them instrumentalists Joshua Bell, James Galway, and Joshua Redman ’91, conductors Marin Alsop and Gustavo Dudamel, and composers Steven Mackey and John Adams ’69, A.M. ’72. Navigating the maze of agents and publicists to meet these musicians was tricky, but Nathan says that interviewing them was the best part of writing the book: “They were so eager to help youngsters keep on with music.”
Before becoming a freelance author (www.amynathanbooks.com), Nathan spent 15 years editing children’s magazines. Her books include Meet the Musicians, about 15 members of the New York Philharmonic, and Meet the Dancers, about 16 professionals from various companies. She hopes that The Young Musician’s Survival Guide will inspire kids to “play on,” no matter what careers they eventually choose to pursue. “Amazing things can happen when you play a musical instrument,” she writes, “…once you get the hang of how to use it.” | <urn:uuid:6bf775b3-2608-46b0-8762-55717fc0de10> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://harvardmagazine.com/2009/09/young-musicians-survival-guide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00346-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961463 | 698 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Mississippi Books and Writers
Note: Prices listed below reflect the publisher's suggested list price. They are subject to change without notice.
Nonfiction by Roosevelt Richards
Noble Press (Paperback, $10.95, ISBN: 1879360357)
Publication date: December 1998
Richards chronicles his life as a young, black boy, growing up in a large farm in rural Mississippi, where he and his family are subjected to the brutal injustice of Jim Crow. Despite the impoverished circumstances and harsh prejudices that dominated the life of Roosevelt and his family, his story is lovingly recounted.
This page has been accessed 1138 times. About this page counter. | <urn:uuid:622e9e21-9651-438b-aefe-1f5413083e7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://mwp.olemiss.edu/books/1998/december.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.948644 | 151 | 1.828125 | 2 |
REGINA - The Saskatchewan Health Authority says the parking lot at a Regina hospital is being dug up after inconsistencies were found during a ground-penetrating radar search.
The authority says they could be old foundations, building structures, other excavation activities or, potentially, historical burials.
It says it will work with police and other potential partners if human remains are discovered.
The ground search was part of a plan to build a parkade on the grounds of the Regina General Hospital.
The project has been put on hold while the parking lot is excavated.
The health authority says there are gaps in historical information about the land, but the first cottage hospital was opened there in 1895 and a children’s aid home stood nearby.
“The Saskatchewan Health Authority and ministries apologize for any inconvenience this poses for visitors to Regina General Hospital,” the authority said in a statement Wednesday.
“An update on the findings of the exaction and archeological work will be provided at a later date.”
This report by The Canadian Press was first published June 8, 2022. | <urn:uuid:4dcae0c2-4f0b-4665-a804-b01133ea74d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2022/06/08/possible-burials-radar-search-finds-oddities-on-hospital-grounds-health-authority.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.957489 | 223 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Enlarging the Focus of Quaker Social Witness
Quaker Eco-Witness and the Earthcare Working Group of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting have jointly initiated a consultation on economics, ecology, and public policy among Friends. This consultation project has grown from the conviction that meaningful and effective corporate witness on economics and public policy must be an essential component of Friends work for justice, peace, and a restored Earth.
We seek to engage monthly meetings in the support of Friends Committee on National Legislation (FCNL) with regard to advocacy for U.S. economic policies that advance social equity and ecological integrity. We see this kind of reorientation as essential if progress is to be made toward the peaceful prevention of deadly conflict.
Creating an economy based on distributing Earth’s bounty more equitably and ensuring the resilience of Earth’s biological productivity will require changes in the legal and regulatory framework within which markets and financial institutions function. This will require more knowledge and greater understanding on the part of many people than now exists in the general population or in the Religious Society of Friends.
A New Consultation
A new consultation, aimed at advancing this knowledge and understanding, began with an open meeting on May 20, 2003 at Arch Street Meetinghouse in Philadelphia on the theme, "The Growth Economy and its Future: What is the Moral Assignment for Friends?" This meeting prepared a report that was forwarded to the second meeting, a gathering held at Pendle Hill, June 13-15, 2003.
The gathering at Pendle Hill brought together 29 persons, belonging to 19 monthly meetings and 11 yearly meetings. The gathering included economists, ecologists, economic development practitioners, and public policy and management professionals. The idea behind the gathering was to assemble a group of persons who were interested in taking up the work of this consultation drawing upon their professional skills, their commitment to the Religious Society of Friends, and their understanding of Quaker testimonies.
The purpose of the gathering was to explore a shared concern about economic policies as they relate to issues of justice, peace, equality, and the restoration of Earth’s ecological resilience, and to develop an ongoing consultation among Friends on economics, ecology and public policy.
The gathering was a synergistic event, the kind of event that creates a strong sense of collective focus. There are times when we have the sense that "things are in the air," meaning that many people are converging along the same lines of thought and around the same sense of an emergent reality. This was clearly the case at the Pendle Hill gathering with regard to understanding the ecological context of economic activity. This common understanding, along with considerable advance work by participants, made it possible for the two-day gathering to be used to maximum effect.
The following was accomplished:
- We united on an open letter "to Friends everywhere" expressing our concerns about economics, ecology, and public policy. The letter raises a series of questions related to Friends testimonies and invites meetings to request resource materials for study and discernment. The letter has been sent to all Friends meetings in the United States and Canada.
- We drafted the basic texts needed to develop a statement of guidance and purpose for the consultation and arrived at a project name—Friends Testimonies and Economics (FTE).
- A team of persons was assigned to work on the preparation of educational materials for the project. A six-session curriculum—Quaker Eco 101—has now been developed and field-tested in several monthly meetings, as well as at the 2004 Friends General Conference Gathering.
- A team of persons was composed to work on the development of a Quaker "think tank" (research institute). An institute of the kind envisioned is expected to be a significant information and analysis resource for FCNL, as well as for other Quaker organizations and for Friends in general. Guided by Friends testimonies, it is also expected to develop a professional role in public dialogue on issues of public policy and the common good. This project has now been named "Quaker Institute for the Future" (QIF). It is developing as a distinct entity, but with links to Friends Testimonies and Economics.
Friends Testimonies and the Human-Earth Relationship
We believe most Friends are to some degree aware that many aspects of our society’s economic activities are in conflict with Earth’s ecological integrity. Most Friends are somewhat aware that progress toward global justice and peace depends on restoring and maintaining the resilience of Earth’s ecosystems. We see the Friends Testimonies and Economics project as a way to prepare spiritually for a corporate witness on the most daunting issues of our time—a witness based on reweaving Friends testimonies into the full scope of the human-Earth relationship and into every aspect of human economic behavior.
Tom Head, chair of the Economics Department, George Fox University, and a consultation planner who was unable to attend the gathering at Pendle Hill, sent a letter in which he wrote: "Our task this weekend is not to find or articulate just the right economic model, nor is it to force a large problem into a small model, but, instead, our task is to open ourselves to some of the very largest questions facing humankind and to help each other toward ways of understanding and knowing what will help us faithfully and humbly respond to the enormity of what is before us."
Our work at the Pendle Hill gathering proceeded primarily in a worship-sharing context, ever mindful of the values about relationship that guide Friends sense of deliberation. In addition, we worked within a keen sense of the human-Earth relationship. That relationship in all its aspects—ecological, economic, social, and spiritual—is inseparable from our relationship with the Divine. A fully rounded understanding of the human-Earth reality leads to an expanded sense of community and to an experience of relationship in which the presence of the Divine is always potential. Such was the setting that gave rise to Friends Testimonies and Economics and to Quaker Insitute for the Future.
As we begin these projects, it is heartening to remember the heritage in which we walk, and to which we are making a contribution. In particular, we should remember John Bellars (1654-1725), who thought out and wrote up a great range of social and economic reform proposals based on Friends insight into the learning process and the Quaker ethic of equality. Although regularly rebuffed by the English Parliament to which he appealed for support of his social reforms, many of his concepts eventually became foundational to Britain’s modern political economy, including colleges of vocational training, economic cooperatives, and universally available healthcare. On the U.S. side, John Woolman is a primary Quaker voice on economics and social justice. His writings, although brief, are a beacon of guidance, and his life and actions a continuing and compelling example.
The economic crisis of the 1930s drew Friends into a close consideration of governance and public policy issues. At that time, Friends General Conference had an Industrial Relations Section, which, in turn, had a Social Economics Committee. In 1934, this committee prepared a detailed report on the political economy of the U.S., along with policy recommendations based on Friends testimonies. The report was sent with a covering letter to Friends meetings. The letter opens with the following paragraph:
Nothing affects our life today as the economic situation affects it. Our mental outlook, our spiritual outlook, our physical well-being, our institutions, all are so involved in the modern economic whirlpool, there is indeed good reason for the interest manifested on every hand. Unfortunately, people have little time, perhaps little inclination to dig into the truthfulness of the views that are presented to them in their favorite newspapers or magazines, and so their opinions are frequently unsound, untenable. There is real work for those who have an active concern for the well being of their fellow-men, if only it be the setting forth of current problems in a way that they can be easily understood.
It is both sobering and encouraging to realize how closely these words—written 70 years ago—capture a substantial part of the perspective and motivation of the Friends Testimonies and Economics project. During the ensuing decades, American Friends Service Committee and Friends Committee on National Legislation have continued to address a variety of economic policies and practices. Now, with the convergence of the social justice, peace, and ecology movements, a concern for economic policy on a national and global scale is again emerging in a way that clearly engages Friends testimonies.
It was noted at the Pendle Hill gathering that Kenneth Boulding, a Quaker economist, initiated a project in his latter years called "Quaker Studies on Human Betterment," and this project was the direct antecedent of the consultation we were commencing. It was also noted that Kenneth Boulding was among the first social scientists to recognize the full ecological context of human economic activity. In 1966 he published a now classic paper on this theme titled, "The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth." Two years previous, in his Backhouse Lecture at Australia Yearly Meeting, he introduced another concept that also guides and motivates our consultation project. His lecture was titled "The Evolutionary Potential of Quakerism." In that lecture, and in the pamphlet published by Pendle Hill under that title, Kenneth Boulding wrote the following:
I suggest the Society of Friends has a great intellectual task ahead of it, in the translation of its religious and ethical experiences and insights into a conscious understanding of the way in which the kind of love which we treasure and covet can be produced, defended and extended. . . . If it can respond to this vision its evolutionary potential may be great indeed.
Why, however, should a religious society have an intellectual task—surely this should be left to the universities! The answer is that the task in question is spiritual as well as intellectual, in the sense that it involves not merely abstract knowledge, but love and community. . . . The great search of man today is for a human identity which will permit him to live in peace with all his fellows. [In] the Society of Friends we do have a foretaste of the "human identity" and the true world community for which we all long. In the establishment of this world community the Society of Friends has a great pioneering work to do.
It is from this perspective that Friends Testimonies and Economics and Quaker Institute for the Future invite Friends and Friends meetings to become part of the consultation network that is developing around these projects. For information on FTE, contact Ed Dreby, firstname.lastname@example.org, (609)261-8190; for information on QIF, contact Keith Helmuth, email@example.com (215)545-3417. | <urn:uuid:59835663-1f2a-45a7-8024-a510b08798f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.friendsjournal.org/2004116/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.955043 | 2,201 | 1.578125 | 2 |
E Y E W I T N E S S R E P O R T / O P I N I O N
by Dovid Katz
With attention focused on the government-permission-granted central Vilnius neo-Nazi march slated for Lithuania’s March 11th independence day — now the subject of an international petition on Change.org — there was minimal foreign interest in today’s independence day neo-Nazi march and demonstration in central Kaunas, Lithuania’s second city. The March 11th independence day marks the date in 1990 when Lithuania declared independence from the Soviet Union. Today’s holiday is on the date of the 1918 declaration of independence which heralded the rise of the modern Lithuanian state in the twentieth century. Both dates are revered by the country’s diverse minorities and factions. They represent freedom from oppression and foreign domination, and celebrate the building of a free and democratic state.
But in recent years, both dates have been hijacked by neo-Nazi groups in the heart of the country’s major cities, with the support of some members of parliament and leading political figures. There is, moreover, the proverbial blind eye of much or most of the elite classes, which serves as a contributing catalyst. | <urn:uuid:f9dd7951-c9c5-4924-b9d1-1eea461b321a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://defendinghistory.com/category/kaunas-neo-nazi-marches/page/3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.939016 | 258 | 2.125 | 2 |
Intel has a long but uneven history in the embedded market. In the early days of the personal computer Intel released the 80286 as a followon to the original 8086. There actually was an 80186: it was a more integrated version of the 8086 aimed at embedded applications. Intel's interest in embedded markets has waxed and waned over the years, but it is an area where Intel still has room for significant growth.
I wrote about x86 for embedded use about a year and a half ago, with four main points:
- Volume Discounts
PC pricing thresholds at 50,000 units have to be rethought for a less homogenous market
- System on Chip (SoC)
Board space is at a premium, we need fewer components in the system
- Production lifetime
These systems are not redesigned every few months, chips have to remain in production longer
- Power and heat
Airflow is more constrained, and the system has other heat generating components besides the CPU complex
At the Intel Developer Forum next week Intel is expected to focus on embedded applications for its products. In advance of IDF Intel announced the Jasper Forest CPU, a System on Chip version of Nehalem. It is based on a 1, 2, or 4 core CPU plus an integrated PCI-e controller, so it does not need a separate northbridge chip. Intel also committed to a 7 year production lifetime, allowing the part to be designed into products which will remain on the market for a while. I'd speculate that Intel will offer industrial temperature grade parts as well, perhaps at lower frequencies.
Jasper Forest is particularly suited for and aimed at storage applications. It has additional hardware for RAID support (presumably XOR & ECC generation), and a feature to use main memory as a nonvolatile buffer cache. When loss of power is detected the chip will flush any pending writes out to RAM and then set the DRAM to self-refresh before shutting down. By including a battery sufficient to power the DRAM, the system can avoid the need for a separate nonvolatile data buffer like SRAM.
This is a good approach for Intel: target silicon at specific high margin, growing application areas. Go for markets with moderate power consumption requirements, as x86 is clearly not ready for small battery powered applications like phones. Ars Technica discusses Intel's upcoming weapon for getting into mobile and other battery powered markets, a version of their 32nm process which reduces leakage current to almost nothing. An idle x86 would consume essentially no power, which would be huge. | <urn:uuid:63cb7492-063b-435a-a003-7f54ae8bbf26> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://codingrelic.geekhold.com/2009/09/jasper-forest-x86.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00157-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955295 | 522 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Myth: Capitalism is the most environmentally friendly economic system.
Fact: Non-industrial and regulated industrial systems are the most environmentally friendly.
This statement is more false than conservatives realize; non-industrialized countries actually have the cleanest environments. But among industrialized societies, Europe and Japan are cleaner than the U.S., which is cleaner than the former Soviet Union. Translated into systems, this means that well-regulated capitalist economies are cleaner than less regulated capitalist economies, which are cleaner than completely unregulated dictatorships. These last are considered unregulated because the officials in charge of production (the Soviet planners) were also their own regulators. Of course, the Soviet planners did not regulate themselves in their drive to catch up to Western levels of productivity, any more than Western polluters regulate themselves. A correlation thus emerges: the greater the regulation, the less the pollution.
The claim that capitalism is the most environmentally friendly economic system is false in more ways than one. The cleanest societies in the world are actually the non-industrial ones -- most of South America and Africa, for example. Where industry rises, pollution fills the air, water and land.
This would suggest that arguing over which type of industrial society is cleaner is much like rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic. However, there is one hopeful development, and that is that most Western industrial societies are going through a period of deindustrialization. The percentage of workers employed in manufacturing jobs in capitalist countries has been falling for decades:
Employment in Manufacturing as a Percentage of Non-Agricultural Employment (1) Country 1970 1991 ---------------------------- United States 27% 17 Japan 33 27 Germany 40 33
The cause for this decline is twofold: consumers are demanding a higher
percentage of services over goods, and production efficiency is continually
improving. Production efficiency happened first in farming, where improvements
in technology boosted output so much that the number of American farmers
could decline 76 percent between 1941 and 1991, yet produce more food than
ever before. (2) The same thing is happening to the rest of industry. Robot
assembly lines have greatly boosted productive efficiency. Likewise, the
Internet allows a person to send messages instantly and electronically
instead of requiring a mailman to haul wood-based products in a gas-guzzling
truck. But this efficiency is a double-edged sword; we can use it to decrease
our workload and lessen the damage to the environment, or we can use it
to boost productivity to still higher levels that accelerate environmental
destruction. Which option society takes will demonstrate how enlightened
But as long as society remains industrialized to some degree, what type of economic system is friendliest? Conservatives point to the environmental devastation of the former Soviet Union as proof that socialism isn't it. And it is true, the former Soviet Union is by far more environmentally ravaged than the West. This goes well beyond Chernobyl, which will leave much of the Ukraine dangerous to inhabit for thousands of years. The Soviets drained two-thirds of the Aral Sea (one of the largest seas in the world) for irrigation, with disastrous results, including massive salt storms whenever the wind rises. In the highly centralized steel production city of Magnitogorsk, air pollution is so deadly that it is difficult to give birth to a live baby. No less than half of all recruits for military service are physically unfit for duty. The life expectancy of the average Russian male is 13 years lower than his American counterpart, and rapidly dropping. The once-fabled forests of Eastern Europe are dead, stripped of leaves and rotting away. How these nations are going to deal with their widespread environmental disasters is a mystery. Fortunately, the people themselves are aware of these problems, and there is a strong green movement in the former communist states.
Conservatives claim that socialism was so destructive to the environment because no one owned private property. "When no one owns private property, there is no incentive to keep it clean and pure because no one has a stake in keeping up its value," writes Rush Limbaugh. (3) According to this logic, however, America's national and public parks should be more polluted than private lands -- which they are not, because a large majority of the population reveres and protects our public parks. Furthermore, the American people have hired national park rangers to serve as custodians for these lands -- which refutes this conservative argument outright.
A more accurate reason why Soviet socialism was so environmentally destructive was because the regulator and the producer were the same entity: the Soviet government. Moscow itself was in control of production, and it regulated itself no better than any factory dumping pollution regulates itself. That is, there was no higher authority telling the Soviet planners that they couldn't pollute in their efforts to boost production. Contrary to what conservatives claim, the Soviet economy wasn't over-regulated; it wasn't regulated at all.
Needless to say, the top goal of the Soviet planners was to catch up to the West, and they thought they could sacrifice a part of their vast and seemingly infinite environment to obtain this goal. Also, the natural environment in Russia is a harsh one, filled with long, bitter winters and unproductive farmland. Russians have had a long tradition of viewing nature as the "enemy," one to be conquered by brute force just to be able to survive. Communist leaders from Lenin to Chernenko encouraged workers to vanquish nature as a superior method of survival.
In contrast to the unregulated Soviet economy, there are varying degrees of regulation in Western nations. By far, Europe and Japan are more heavily regulated than the U.S. And Europe and Japan are also cleaner than the U.S. (The statistics supporting these two observations will follow below.) What all these international examples show is that there is an elegant correlation between the amount of environmental regulation and the environmental health of industrialized nations.
Conservatives may find this conclusion outrageous, but even a domestic review of American history proves that government, not the free market, has been at the forefront of environmental protection. Every pro-environmental policy that the free market has ever adopted was forced upon it by government. The Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Superfund, as well as the bans on asbestos, leaded gasoline, DDT, strip mining, aerial nuclear testing, and untreated waste dumping were all acts of congress, not business. Big business has never voluntarily sought to lower its profit margins to protect the environment. Every one of these laws had to be passed over the vehement opposition of business leaders and conservatives in congress.
The difficulty of arguing that "unfettered capitalism is green" can be seen in the following quote by Rush Limbaugh. Here, Rush describes industry's reaction to the Cuyahoga River, the notorious river that was so polluted it caught fire three times:
Government spending on pollution control (percent of GDP): Japan 1.17% Netherlands 0.95 Canada 0.89 Germany 0.78 Sweden 0.66 United Kingdom 0.62 United States 0.60 Norway 0.54 Finland 0.52 Percent of government R&D spent on the environment: Germany 3.4% Canada 2.2 Italy 1.9 United Kingdom 1.3 France 0.7 United States 0.5 Japan 0.4 Travel on public transportation as a percent of all travel: Japan 18% Finland 16 Denmark 15 Portugal 14 Germany 11 Norway 9 United Kingdom 8 Netherlands 8 United States 1 Annual air miles per person: United States 1,698 Canada 1,105 Netherlands 1,014 United Kingdom 902 Norway 829 Sweden 575 Finland 506 Denmark 476 Japan 425 Germany 344 Average price of a gallon of gas: Sweden $4.85 Denmark 4.46 United Kingdom 3.56 Germany 3.05 Netherlands 3.02 Japan 3.01 Canada 1.40 United States 1.07 Share of the world's energy use: United States 24.8% OECD/Europe 17.7 Japan 5.1 Energy Units of oil burned annually: United States 791.5 European Community 501.4 Japan 234.3 Germany 108.5 United Kingdom 81.3 Canada 80.4 Netherlands 24.1 Sweden 16.3 Finland 11.1 Norway 9.3 Denmark 9.0 Percent of all greenhouse gases emitted annually: (5) United States 21% Former USSR 14 European Community 14 China 7 Brazil 4 India 4 Rest of the world 36 Carbon dioxide released per person per year: United States 5.8 tons Canada 4.8 Germany 3.2 United Kingdom 2.9 Japan 2.2 OECD Europe 1.8 Total Carbon Monoxide emitted annually: United States 60,900 tons Canada 10,100 Germany 8,926 France 6,198 United Kingdom 5,264 Sweden 1,754 Netherlands 1,229 Norway 649 Switzerland 621 Total chlorofluorocarbons emitted annually: United States 332 million tons Japan 95 Germany 71 United Kingdom 67 Canada 34 Netherlands 17 Switzerland 10 Denmark 6 Finland 6 Sweden 4 Norway 1 Major oil spills (1976-89): United States 16 France 6 United Kingdom 5 Japan 4 Canada 2 Sweden 2 Finland 1 Germany 1 Forests cleared (thousands of cubic yards): United States 808,421 Canada 379,500 France 95,964 Sweden 84,612 Finland 72,864 Japan 57,272 Norway 14,810 United Kingdom 6,600 Acid rain (the lower the pH number, the worse the acidity): Japan 3.9 pH Sweden 4.1 United States 4.3 Canada 4.3 Norway 4.4 Denmark 4.5 Finland 4.5 Netherlands 4.9 United Kingdom 5.1 Energy Units of coal burned annually: United States 458.0 European Community 299.0 Germany 73.9 Japan 73.2 United Kingdom 64.0 Canada 27.6 Netherlands 8.1 Denmark 5.5 Finland 4.1 Sweden 2.5 Norway 1.0 Debris inhaled per person per year: United States 81 pounds Finland 44 Sweden 44 Europe 26 Netherlands 24 Germany 24 Denmark 20 Norway 15 United Kingdom 11 Japan 2 Waste per person per year: United States 1,637 pounds Canada 1,397 Netherlands 988 Denmark 931 Finland 898 Switzerland 843 United Kingdom 781 Japan 757 Germany 700 Sweden 697 France 598 Italy 579 Share of world's industrial waste: United States 31.6% OECD Europe 11.3 Eastern Europe 21.6 Japan 13.0 Percent of all glass recycled: Netherlands 50.3% Japan 49.6 Germany 41.2 Sweden 40.0 Denmark 31.0 Finland 30.0 United Kingdom 27.0 Norway 21.1 United States 20.0 Percent of all paper and cardboard recycled: Netherlands 62.0% Japan 54.4 Germany 37.0 Denmark 32.0 United Kingdom 13.0 United States 8.4
Return to Overview
1. Translated from graph from Paul Krugman, Peddling Prosperity, (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1994), p. 263.
2. Where We Stand, p. 157
3. Rush Limbaugh, The Way Things Ought To Be (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), pp. 157-8.
4. Limbaugh, p. 157.
5. NASA, IPCC Scientific Assessment of Climate Change, 1992. | <urn:uuid:b81524be-0274-418a-ab5d-dc1db4499b64> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-envirocapitalism.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00223-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929809 | 2,286 | 2.421875 | 2 |
It is the responsibility of the student to attend school regularly, to show conscientious effort in classroom work, and to follow school rules and regulations. Most of all, the student shares with the administration and staff the responsibility to develop a climate within the school that is safe and conducive to effective learning. No student has the right to interfere with the education of fellow students.
To fulfill this responsibility the student will:
1. Respect and protect the rights of teachers, students, administrators, and everyone else involved in the educational process;
2. Practice academic honesty (See Academic Honesty Policy below);
3. Express ideas and opinions in a respectful manner, which does not offend or slander others;
4. Be aware of all rules and regulations for student behavior and abide by them;
5. Be willing to assist in investigations and resolutions of disciplinary offenses;
6. Dress and groom so as to meet the standards established by the HArts Dress and Grooming Guidelines;
7. Assist the school staff in running a safe school for all students;
8. Assume that until a rule is waived or altered it is in full effect;
9. Be aware of state and local laws and comply with them;
10. Protect and take care of school property;
11. Attend school daily and be on time to all classes and other school functions;
12. Make up work when absent or suspended from school following established guidelines.
Dress Code Policy
Students will dress appropriately for school as described in the LAUSD’s Board Policy. Students will recognize that school is a place of business and that they must respect the dress code policy.
STANDARDS FOR APPROPRIATE DRESS:
- No clothing, backpacks, or hats that suggest a gang affiliation, has inappropriate logos including graffiti style language/logos, carries an inappropriate message (words or images that are offensive, vulgar, derogatory towards individuals or groups of people, or that promote or advertise illegal products or activities), does not provide appropriate coverage, or detracts from the academic environment.
- Undergarments shall not be visible.
- No revealing clothing. Students shall not wear sheer blouses, bare midriff or revealing tank tops, tube tops, open backed shirts, halter tops, spaghetti straps, or low-cut necklines. Short skirts and short shorts are not allowed. Shorts and skirts must be at least half way down the thigh. Leggings or tights must be covered by shorts, dress, or skirt.
- No sagging pants, wallet chains, hanging belts, or hats/clothing with inappropriate language or logos.
- Hats or hoods may not be worn in class.
- Earbuds and earphones may not be worn in class unless given express permission by your instructor.
Policy on Profanity
As a violation of Education Code Section 48900, profanity will result in the following consequences:
- Referral to the Principal or Dean for consequences that include detention, parent conference, or in school suspension. Of course, it is our hope through discussion and diligence, the consequences associated with the above infractions will not have to be initiated.
Cell Phone Policy
The LAUSD policy which can be found on page six of the LAUSD Parent and Student Handbook (2021-22) reads as follows “It is the policy of LA Unified to prohibit the use of cellular phones or any electronic mobile device by students on campus during normal school hours.”
All students will be asked to check in their cell phone at the beginning of each class. The phones will be kept in a secure location and returned to the students at the end of each period.
Students who refuse to check their phone in will be directed to the principal’s or dean’s office where their phone will be held for the day.
The goal of this policy update is to improve student focus on academic coursework, improve student mental and emotional health, increase student to student interactions and improve the overall culture of HArts Academy. Thank you for your support and understanding regarding this matter.
Food Deliveries on Campus
Per LAUSD’s visitor policy (BUL-6492.2), no student food deliveries are allowed. This includes all food delivery services (UBER Eats, GrubHub , ETC). Any food delivered to the campus will be confiscated by staff and NOT RETURNED to the student.
HArts Academic Honesty Policy
HArts is a community, and like all communities, we function best when all members treat each other with respect, trust, fairness, and honesty. Students should realize that deception for individual gain is an offense against all members of our community. The well-being of the school community depends on each student’s accepting responsibility for his or her personal conduct in both social and academic endeavors.
HArts supports the concept of students working and learning in groups. Students must be aware there is a distinction between group work with collaboration vs. individual work with cheating.
Even when students are collaborating in a group setting they are expected to give credit for ideas developed by another student. Students take information they gather in a group setting, question the information, analyze it, synthesize it, and reiterate it in their own words to show their own personal understanding of the idea. Copying verbatim is dishonest.
Examples of violations of the Academic Honesty Code include, but are not limited to, cheating, plagiarism, fabrication, multiple submissions, and collusion.
- Cheating, includes but not limited to, copying homework, copying from another student during a test, passing answers during a test, bringing materials for tests that are not permitted such as notes, presenting another person’s work as your own, changing exam answers after it has been corrected and returning the exam for more credit.
- Plagiarism, includes but is not limited to, presenting others ideas as your own without crediting the source.
- Fabrication, includes but is not limited to, falsification or invention of any information or data in an academic exercise.
- Multiple submissions, includes but is not limited to, the resubmission by a student of any work which had been previously submitted for credit in another class without the informed permission of the instructor of the second class.
- Collusion includes but is not limited to, intentionally helping another student perform any act of academic dishonesty.
- is responsible for knowing the academic honesty policy.
- is expected to refrain from committing violations.
- must refuse to aid or abet any form of academic dishonesty.
- is expected to report a violation to the teacher and/or administration.
- has the right to appeal; however, in the case of an appeal, students should evaluate the evidence against them. Students should be cognizant of the fact that lying could result in more severe punishment.
Tagging is vandalism, and anyone caught doing so faces possible suspension and/or arrest. Bringing markers, paint markers, anything to etch with, or other tagging materials to school is prohibited and may result in suspension. | <urn:uuid:b7752a36-4e77-4026-9a16-d2b3afeb5a3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hartsacademy.org/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=513739&type=d&pREC_ID=2345242 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.94429 | 1,473 | 2.296875 | 2 |
From the Mouth of the Whale
"Achingly brilliant, an epic made mad, made extraordinary."Junot Díaz"Hallucinatory, lyrical, by turns comic and tragic, this extraordinary novel should make Sjón an international name. His evocation of seventeenth century Iceland through the eyes of a man born before his time has stuck in my... show more
"Achingly brilliant, an epic made mad, made extraordinary."Junot Díaz"Hallucinatory, lyrical, by turns comic and tragic, this extraordinary novel should make Sjón an international name. His evocation of seventeenth century Iceland through the eyes of a man born before his time has stuck in my mind like nothing else I’ve read in the last year."Hari KunzruThe year is 1635. Iceland is a world darkened by superstition, poverty, and cruelty.Men of science marvel over a unicorn's horn, poor folk worship the Virgin in secret, and both books and men are burnt.Jonas Palmason, a poet and self-taught healer, has been condemned to exile for heretical conduct, having fallen foul of the local magistrate. Banished to a barren island, Jonas recalls his gift for curing "female maladies," his exorcism of a walking corpse on the remote Snjafjoll coast, the frenzied massacre of innocent Basque whalers at the hands of local villagers, and the deaths of three of his children.Sjón was born in Reykjavik in 1962. He won the Nordic Council’s Literature Prize (the equivalent of the Man Booker Prize) for The Blue Fox, which was also longlisted for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize in 2009. Sjón was nominated for an Oscar for the song lyrics he wrote for Björk in the film Dancer in the Dark and has been working on Björk's latest project, Biophilia. His work has been translated into twenty-three languages.
Publish date: November 22nd 2011
Publisher: Telegram Books
Pages no: 288
Edition language: English
Note: The review below was taken directly from my Goodreads account. The story itself is not as good as the blurb on the back leads you to believe. Despite reading another of Sjón's novels prior, I had an idea of what I'd be going into, but From the Mouth of the Whale was maybe weirder than The ...
In the prelude to this tale we follow a hunter on his way home from hunting some colossal and huge tusked boar, “the most savage brute the north has ever snorted from it’s icy nostrils”, although the traditional way is to leave the carcass where it fell, the hunter is carrying it home to demonstra...
An occasionally interesting but often a bit frustrating read. It could've been more than it was - but I can see why it garnered so much praise. There is something undoubtedly magical here... but not magical enough. The magic of the story and of the writing is intermittent for me and I don't see w... | <urn:uuid:8ae67db5-aea5-432c-9fc2-ab3174b7e1f2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://booklikes.com/from-the-mouth-of-the-whale-sjon-victoria-cribb/book,6038921 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00177-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96327 | 644 | 1.75 | 2 |
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movies. A book however requires the reader to have to use their own imagination to form the scenes and think about what has been written; many would argue that books are a superior way to expand your mind and your knowledge.
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2010-2011 Funded Projects
18.310C Principles of Discrete Applied Mathematics - $6,200
Prof. Peter W. Shor and Dr. Shan-Yuan Ho, Mathematics
Ms. Susan Ruff,, Writing and Humanistics Studies
The project will develop instructional materials for an existing novel experimental course. In particular, the team would like to produce textbook-quality course notes, innovative software demonstrations, and novel collaborative assignments. The experimental course 18.310C covers a broad yet deep survey of major topics in discrete mathematics. Applications to cross disciplines will be emphasized. It has a unique style both in content, presentation, and implementation.
Co-Innovation: Bringing Rural Africa into the MIT Class, Taking the MIT Class to Rural Africa - $20,000
Prof. Clapperton Chakanets Mavhunga, Science, Technology, and Society
This project seeks to bring together MIT students and villagers of Makuleke in rural northern South Africa into a collaborative 'knowledge partnership' that simultaneously improves the quality of the Institute's global courses, on the one hand, and the quality of life in the African villages, on the other. Makuleke, a village of about 12,000 people, offers a tranquil, crime-free, and friendly environment, and a rich diversity of human, faunal, plant, and inorganic resources that can enable MIT students to understand Africa through practical fieldwork experience. As a starting point, Professor Mavhunga would like to take three students there during summer and shoot a documentary called "African Energy Innovations."
Flash-forward/Flash-back in OpenCourseWare - $22,600
Prof. Haynes R. Miller, Mathematics
Ms. Cecilia d'Oliveira, OpenCourseWare
Prof. Karen Willcox, Aeronautics and Astronautics
This Class Funds project will develop internal links within the MIT OpenCourseWare site designed to help students in basic mathematics and sciences courses to see how the material they are currently learning is actually used in later courses, and for students in major courses (e.g. engineering courses) to quickly and accurately access background material from prerequisite courses (e.g. mathematics courses). These operations are called "Flash-forward" and "Flash-back."
Integrating Collaborative Technologies in Chemical Engineering Projects Laboratory - $11,130
Prof. Clark Colton, ChemE
Dr. Lisa Dush, Ms. Jane E. Kokernak, and Dr. Mya Poe, Writing and Humanistic Studies
This project will redesign subjects 10.26 and 10.29 to integrate web-based collaboration tools that facilitate the writing process of student teams and the assessment of writing quality by instructors. The project builds on a Spring 2010 small-scale pilot, funded by the Program in Writing and Humanistic Studies, in which some new collaborative technologies are being tested in 10.26/29. Based on the findings of the pilot, the team will use grant funds to develop curriculum materials and online templates for teams, train course faculty, assess the project, and disseminate their findings. Success in this project will lead to permanent change in 10.26/29, incubate the use of collaborative tools across Chemical Engineering, and carry into communication instruction at MIT.
Inverted Pendulum Laboratory Equipment for 6.302 - $15,100
Mr. Taylor W. Barton, Electrical Engineering
The aim of this project is to develop inverted pendulum laboratory equipment for use as a hands-on laboratory assignment in 6.302 (Feedback Systems). The inverted pendulum system is ideal for teaching classical feedback control because it incorporates a wide variety of concepts and analytical techniques taught in 6.302. In the past, course staff have used the inverted pendulum both as a lecture demonstration and as a discussion topic for feedback concepts as they are introduced throughout the semester. The addition of the proposed lab will give the students the satisfaction of balancing the inverted pendulum with a control scheme of their own devising, an experience that they can apply to a broad class of problems.
Learn-It Kits: A Hands-On Approach to Teach Machine Elements and Mechanical Design Principles - $29,000
Ms. Amy Smith, MechE
Mr. Victor Grau Serrat, Edgerton Center
Imagine a textbook, where you read about something then hold it in your hands, feel it, try it out and then see it in action. This is the experience that Ms. Smith and Mr. Grau Serrat hope to bring to MIT students with the Learn-It kits. They plan to develop a machine elements curriculum where every chapter is a box that contains real, physical examples of the elements along with explanations of how they work, guidelines for selecting and sizing the elements and examples of how they are used. The examples will show applications in a range of technologies, with a special emphasis on examples they have encountered in their D-Lab field work that highlight the creativity and skill of our community partners. Each box will include problems that will guide students through the process of analyzing and selecting the elements and when applicable, will also include simple experiments and exercises for the students to perform to deepen their knowledge and understanding of the principles that guide the use and performance of the elements.
Listening as Exploration: The Essence of Collaboration - $9,700
Ms. Jane A. Connor, Writing and Humanistic Studies
This project proposes the development, implementation, and preliminary testing of three two-hour modules for undergraduates to learn and practice the pragmatics of listening. Module 1 will explore self-awareness; Module 2, empathy and engagement; Module 3, negotiation and conflict resolution. Each module will include both theoretical and experiential learning, as well as real-time practice of communication tools.
Multimedia Chinese Textbook for Intermediate-High and Advanced-Low Learners - $18,000
Mr. Tong Chen, Foreign Languages and Literature
This project is intended to develop an online textbook by utilizing a collection of video clips organized around an array of topics concerning various aspects of Chinese life--from sociopolitical changes, economic issues, to historical events and cultural traditions. This online project will employ www.quia.com to design and develop rich on-line interactive exercises that will be meaning-centered and form-focused. The target students are intermediate-high and advanced-low non-heritage learners of Chinese, in other words, MIT students from Chinese regular 4 up to Chinese regular 5. When completed, the proposed textbook can be used as a stand-alone audio/video text or as a supplement to any advanced Chinese textbooks that tap on the similar topics. The goal is fourfold: (1). To overcome the lack of a proper textbook for these students; (2) to provide learners with authentic learning materials to enhance their Chinese language skills; (3) to help learners gain an insight into a changing China from various perspectives; and (4) to provide Chinese instructors with powerful resources for their teaching.
Principles of Engineering Practice Expansion - $20,120
Prof. Lionel C. Kimerling, Materials Science and Engineering
Ms. Mindy Baughman, Microphotonics Center
This Spring 2010, the Principles of Engineering (3.003) course embarks on its third year. Prof. Kimerling and Ms. Baughman seek to sustain the success of this couse for years four and five through the following goals: 1) coordinate a sustaining path with more departments and GEL collaboration, 2) expand the global content, and 3) continue to build the archives of lectures and solutions. Building on the successful collaboration with the University of Tokyo, it is their goal to maintain momentum and add a third global location to their 3.003 “world campus”. Beginning Spring term 2010, 3.003 will joint-teach one class with two classrooms: one at MIT and one at the University of Tokyo. Working with the Office of Educational Innovation and Technology (OEIT), the Global Classroom team will create an educational experience that teaches the basics of engineering to a multinational student base, uniting them through virtual technology, and providing an integrated system of feedback and mentorship among prior, current and future students.
- Principles of Engineering Practice (Spring 2012) Stellar Class Website
Principles of Engineering Practice (Spring 2011) Stellar Class Website
Project to Re-design the CI-H Subject 21L.004 - Reading Poetry - $20,000
Prof. Noel B. Jackson, Prof. Mary Fuller, Prof. John Hildebidle, and Prof. Stephen James Tapscott, Literature
Professors Jackson, Fuller, Hildebidle, and Tapscott will develop and pilot a substantially re-designed, collaborative, and expanded version of the CI-H subject 21L.004 (Reading Poetry). They hope by increasing the profile of 21L.004 to: 1) to expose students to different voices from within the Literature Faculty and elsewhere; 2) to strengthen the status of the course as a gateway to more advanced literary study; and 3) to provide students with a solid introductory subject for work in humanistic fields that more broadly emphasize the development of skills in critical thinking and analytical prose writing.
Self-Defense for Women - $5,000
Mr. David Hagymas and Ms. Carrie Sampson Moore, DAPER
With statistics reporting that 1 out of 4 females are being sexually assaulted and the highest percentage being college students, there is a need for a first-rate course on rape prevention and self-defense to be offered consistently to female students at MIT. Students develop self-esteem, courage, alertness, confidence, and awareness to stay safe. This project aims to enhance the rape prevention/self-defense course, which is an approved offering for women to earn physical education points toward their GIR. Specifically, this funding will pay for equipment and training that would provide the students a lifelike self-defense experience in a controlled and safe manner.
Seminar on Physics Immersion for 8.01 Students - $12,350
Dr. Peter Dourmashkin, Physics
Dr. Analia Barrantes, Experimental Studies Group
Doctors Dourmashkin and Barrantes will run a two year educational experiment at the Experimental Study Group (ESG), starting in the summer of 2010, that will offer students who have done poorly on the mathematics diagnostic exam a chance to develop the necessary problem solving and mathematical sills to succeed in 8.01 at ESG. The students will attend a weekly seminar (for which they will earn six units of p/f credit) in which they will work on developing problem solving abilities and reviewing the mathematical tools needed to succeed in 8.01. The project will develop a series of modules with detailed teaching pedagogies and assessment exams that can be used both in ESG and in 8.01 in the regular curriculum during Fall 2010.
Staging Media: Performance, Popular Culture, and Storytelling - $15,000
Prof. Thomas DeFrantz, Music and Theater Arts
Prof. Ian Condry, Foreign Languages and Literature
Professors DeFrantz and Condry plan to develop and offer an innovative, interdisciplinary course called, "Staging Media", that will explore the intersections of media, performance, and popular culture. This team-taught course will provide an innovative approach to media studies and performance through readings, analysis, and student-centered performance events. The course will answer the question; what happens when mediated narratives are explored by living, breathing people? The course will also build on the unique potentials of students and faculty at MIT, many of whom are involved the analysis and creation of video games and other mediated delivery systems.
Survey Software for Undergraduate Research Projects - $2,500
Prof. Gabriel Salman Lenz, Political Science
This project addresses a problem Professor Lenz has identified in his Policital Science classes: the lack of good survey software for students. In the past, he has had students use open source and free software, but they suffer from limitations that detract from students’ experience. This Alumni Class Funds award will purchase a department-wide license of Qualtrics, a software package that Professor Lenz has found to be powerful enough but also easy to learn and that he feels will be ideal for his classes. It has a simple graphical interface, but has many more features, including the ability to randomize conditions for experiments. It has also been especially designed for working with students. He plans to use Qualtrics with 17.871, which has 12-15 students, and 17.20, which had 60 students last year. He will evaluate the software based on student feedback to determine its value in future classes.
The Energy Crisis: Past and Present - $24,976
Prof. Meg Jacobs, History
Professor Jacobs requested funds to develop a new undergraduate course, which will explore how Americans have confronted energy challenges since the 1970's. The primary areas of historical concern include the supply of energy and the environmental consequences of its use. The class will examine topics such as nuclear power, environmentalism, oil shortages, global warming, alternative energies, and Middle East foreign policy. This Alumni Class Funds award will enable Professor Jacobs to develop this into a big enrollment course with appeal to the substantial number of MIT undergraduates interested in energy. While MIT has pioneered an energy studies minor, there is currently no class on the history of energy or energy policy in the United States.
Using Video to Improve Communication Instruction - $13,700
Dr. Neal Lerner and Dr. Suzanne T. Lane, Writing and
Mr. Steve Gass and Mr. Chris Boebel, Libraries
Dr. Kathleen L. MacArthur, Curriculum & Faculty Support
This collaboration between the Program in Writing and Humanistic Studies, the MIT Libraries, and the Subcommittee on the Communications Requirement intends to support and further develop communication instruction at MIT with the use of instructional video, especially for CI subjects that are not currently supported by the WAC program. Their target audiences would be the students enrolled in CI subjects, as well as the faculty, instructors, lecturers, and TAs teaching in those subjects. The video for students will be focused on building general communication skills and delivered as "on-demand' learning; an instructional video for faculty, lecturers, and instructors teaching in CI subjects will be focused on activities to best ensure student learning.
Visualization in Mathematics, Science, and Technology - $18,140
Dr. Violeta Ivanova, Office of Educational Innovation
and Technology, Edgerton Center
Prof. Katrin Wehrheim, Mathematics
Professors Ivanova and Wehrheim propose to develop a new undergraduate subject that will introduce students who are majoring in mathematics, the natural sciences, and engineering disciplines to the principles of visual communication, including aesthetics, design, and production of computer graphics, photographs, animations, and other visual media. In hands-on activities and assignments, the students will learn how to create still images and motions pictures in order to illustrate and explain concepts in mathematics, science, or engineering to audiences ranging from domain experts to the general public. | <urn:uuid:f2750bf7-4f26-4563-b822-483375411fc0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://web.mit.edu/alumnifunds/awards/ay10-11.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00139-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921497 | 3,106 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Man Cannot Live On Bread Alone, Or Can He?
The idea of a bread that satisfies all the body’s nutritional requirements is fascinating to me. Ezekial bread is the first survival bread recipe to be documented and is backed up by the word of God!
The recipe is in the Book of Ezekiel (4:9), and was given to him to help the Israelites survive famine while being in exile for 390 days.When the ingredients are combined, it makes a complete protein similar to those found in milk and eggs. As luck would have it, if you own a bible, you already have the recipe.
“But as for you, take wheat, barley, beans, lentils, millet and spelt, put them in one vessel and make them into bread for yourself; you shall eat it according to the number of the days that you lie on your side, three hundred and ninety days.”
Some of the ingredients included in the following recipe are items we are storing in our long-term food pantry, so this is a great recipe you can use your preps with. Additionally, for versatility sake, you can get creative and use different types of beans for different flavors. For instance, there have been times when I did not have great Northern beans or kidney beans on hand, so I used lentils and pinto beans only and it came out delicious.
2 1/2 cups wheat berries
1 1/2 cups spelt flour
1/2 cup barley
1/2 cup millet
1/4 cup dry green lentils
2 tablespoons dry great Northern beans
2 tablespoons dry kidney beans
2 tablespoons dried pinto beans
4 cups warm water (110 degrees F/45 degrees C)
1 cup honey
1/2 cup olive oil
2 (.25 ounce) packages active dry yeast
2 tablespoons salt
- Measure the water, honey, olive oil, and yeast into a large bowl. Let sit for 10 minutes.
- Stir all of the grains and beans together until well mixed. Grind in a flour mill.
- Add fresh milled flour and salt to the yeast mixture; stir until well mixed, about 10 minutes. The dough will be like that of a batter bread. Pour dough into two greased 9 x 5 inch loaf pans.
- Let rise in a warm place for about 1 hour, or until dough has reached the top of the pan.
- Bake at 350 degrees F (175 degrees C) for 45 to 50 minutes, or until loaves are golden brown.
For a different version, the grain ingredients can also be sprouted for a day or two, thoroughly dried and blended up in the mill. You can even reserve the water used to sprout the grains and warm it to add the yeast to.
Tess Pennington is the author of The Prepper’s Blueprint, a comprehensive guide that uses real-life scenarios to help you prepare for any disaster. Because a crisis rarely stops with a triggering event the aftermath can spiral, having the capacity to cripple our normal ways of life. The well-rounded, multi-layered approach outlined in the Blueprint helps you make sense of a wide array of preparedness concepts through easily digestible action items and supply lists.
Tess is also the author of the highly rated Prepper’s Cookbook, which helps you to create a plan for stocking, organizing and maintaining a proper emergency food supply and includes over 300 recipes for nutritious, delicious, life-saving meals.
Visit her web site at ReadyNutrition.com for an extensive compilation of free information on preparedness, homesteading, and healthy living.
This information has been made available by Ready Nutrition
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Ready Nutrition Home Page | <urn:uuid:f7d99174-ede2-48aa-924e-901980f3b112> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://readynutrition.com/resources/man-cannot-live-on-bread-alone-or-can-he_02032012/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00551-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920038 | 777 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Technology has impacted everyone in how we work, communicate, and solve problems. Government agencies such as legal and police departments are no strangers to it. However, with changing times, digital evidence is evolving, and old RMS systems cannot keep up with various digital files.
It becomes necessary to either enhance or replace prevailing legacy systems to efficiently manage audio, video and image evidence, reduce backlogs, and switch from handling files in various disparate physical locations such as CDs, hard drives, tapes, USBs etc.
As criminal cases pile up, investigators, officers, district and defense attorneys, paralegals, and analysts must equip themselves with the technology to manage and process large volumes of evidence which the RMS is not designed for.
What is the purpose of an RMS?
Record Management Systems, or RMS for short, are broadly used for compliance purposes that provide storage, retention, retrieval, and viewing of information, documents and files related to legal and police operations. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) via ISO 15489-1:2016 provides a framework for a comprehensive records management program.
For one, it is a requirement for many governmental agencies. As far as law enforcement operations are concerned, record management systems (RMS) are used to handle police incident and accident reports, warrants, arrests, case management, field interview reports, photo lineup, supplemental reports and more.
The benefit of using the RMS comes in the initial stages of the police investigations. It ensures that records of financial, historical, or legal value are adequately maintained and to discard non-essential records as per established guidelines.
Traditional records management systems are rigid in structure, with minimum changes between one case or report. To make greater use of current technology without spending any extra funds, police departments use it for handling and analyzing evidence. This is where the problem arises.
New Evidence Brings a New Set of Challenges
Whether dealing with records or evidence, personnel should understand that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. While RMS vendors are looking for opportunities to fill the gaps of customers and expand their services, managing evidence presents its challenges. As crimes are evolving, so too are the types of associated evidence.
RMS was built before video and image-based evidence became the norm in police investigations and criminal proceedings. While it may successfully manage text-based evidence, record management systems are not designed to process and analyze videos containing hours of footage. Videos can come from dashcams, body-worn cams, CCTV surveillance, drone cams, smartphones, and more with various formats which may require codecs to play them.
Adding to the police department’s plight are the FOIA requirements to redact and share videos to meet public disclosure requests in time. Further causing headaches from the lack of advanced RMS functions are the transcription requirements, leaving police users in a dilemma between spending more time on their investigations and engaging in administrative processes such as manually reviewing and typing transcriptions from hours of footage; that too with risks of human-prone errors.
Aside from manual hours spent, police departments also must budget for video storage, redaction, and transcription technology to complement their current RMS.
One instance is the NYPD charging a cable news channel $36,000 (or $120/hour) for 190 hours of footage requested through New York’s Freedom of Information Law (FOIA) to offset the operating costs of the police departments.
During court trials, juries expect attorneys like prosecutors and public defenders to present videos to them in every case. Hence, they must have the understanding to present them in court.
Enhance your Police RMS capabilities with DEMS
By integrating your Record Management System (RMS) with a Digital Evidence Management System (DEMS), you can not only speed up your administrative workflows with a sophisticated AI running in the background, but you can also link previously held records of suspects, vehicles, properties and other information with audio, video and image-based evidence.
Extracting video insights allows users to connect the dots and solve police investigations faster, rather than solely relying on RMS technology and missing out on crucial information not found in documents.
Poor evidence management practices, whether through the inability to retrieve the proper evidence at the right time or having evidence misplaced, can lead to disastrous consequences. In addition to evidence management policies, there should be an easy-to-use system with a trained staff that understands the system.
DEMS and RMS can go hand in hand and make processes more effective. Enhance user’s productivity by smartly organizing random files with machine-generated labels called auto tags, drastically cut review time by making redaction workflows seamless, and prepare transcriptions in a matter of minutes. You can monitor each user activity and system operations with the chain of custody and audit trail.
Video-based evidence management requires the training needed to present the proper evidence for court submissions because not all video evidence can be considered admissible in court.
Centralized Access with VIDIZMO
VIDIZMO DEMS is a comprehensive solution that streamlines the digital evidence workflows. It optimizes RMS capabilities from securely managing and storing to analyzing and disposing of audio, video, image and document evidence, helping police users, legal attorneys, and law enforcement investigators deliver swift justice.
The system is compatible with numerous video formats captured from dashcams, body-worn cams, CCTV surveillance, drone cams, smartphones, saving precious time from dealing with separate codecs and software.
Perform rapid redactions within videos through automatic detection and tracking of faces and bodies to save precious time and costs by hiding Personally Identifiable Information (PII) of witnesses, minors and innocent bystanders and meet privacy requirements as per GDPR and other region-specific data privacy laws.
VIDIZMO’s robust Artificial Intelligence converts spoken words from audiovisual evidence to text through transcription and translation, prepared in a matter of minutes. By searching inside the video, you can extract actionable insights from automatically detected faces, objects and using transcriptions to make spoken words searchable to find critical information without going through the entire footage.
When it comes to sharing videos, create multiple link versions to the files so you can decide from a single video file who can edit the files, view a certain number of times, or have limited time to access them.
It also provides flexible deployment options like public cloud, private cloud, on-premises storage, and hybrid, depending on the risk-averseness of the agency. These options comply with the Criminal Justice Information System (CJIS), FedRAMP, and other compliance regulations. | <urn:uuid:fe5ddb8d-6b3f-4640-800f-cc6328d53f8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.vidizmo.com/why-rms-for-police-is-not-fit-for-evidence-management | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.916184 | 1,358 | 2.1875 | 2 |
If good humour in the face of lashing wind and rain is now known as “Jubilee spirit” there was plenty on show at the opening of the new Jubilee Walk at Penshurst Place in Kent last week. It’s hard to imagine any other country where guests would turn out in force and waterproofs to inspect a new flower border, but turn out they did: the new 80 yard (72m) double borders at the home of the Viscount and Viscountess De L’Isle were designed by George Carter and implemented by head gardener Cory Furness.
“There have always been double borders here,” Cory told me as we sheltered under an umbrella. “But the concept was very traditional: tall plants at the back, short in front, in blocks, and no particular colour theme.”
The renovation started four years ago, in a heat wave, with an all-out assault of double digging. “It was so hot Isobel [Lady De L’Isle] was on ice lolly patrol,” said her husband nostalgically.
Now, drifts of plants thread along the length of the Walk, starting hot and ending cool – red, orange, yellow, pink and lavender, blue. At the back, evergreen shrubs such as holly and euonymus lend structure and will be clipped into mounds and cones.
For anyone planning a new border, Penshurst offers some design lessons: the shrubs and seating areas reduce maintenance without spoiling the scale; planting groups are crisp and easy to read. Although growth is still low it is interesting to look over a tapestry of planting rather than into a wall of foliage, especially one recently battered by wind and rain.
The borders are not about rarities: “These are plants that people can grow at home,” said Cory. Sedum 'Ruby Glow’, mounds of ajuga and thyme, aquilegias in mauve all stood out – and the lupins were fantastic. Blue 'Persian Slipper’ was almost luminous in the low light.
Iris formed a strong theme, too, starting with the glorious russet 'County Town Red’ and ending with 'Delta Blues’.
Elizabeth Banks, President of the RHS, unveiled a plaque and congratulated Lord and Lady De L’Isle for their willingness to “take the plunge and start again” – not easy in an historic garden with limited staff and budget.
The Viscount shed some light on the Penshurst decision-making process: “Cory knows that if I say something in a certain tone of voice then it will happen. And I know if Cory replies in a certain tone of voice then it won’t grow,” he revealed.
Once immersed in the rain-swept gardens, many guests were happy to stay outside, huddling together to compare notes on the famous peony walk next door.
George Carter came in for some teasing: he’s better known as a designer of formal gardens, not the man for flowery borders. But he hasn’t lost his grip:
“I don’t want the borders to become too cacophonous,” he said. “I’d like the plants to stay in groups, so that you can still read the composition clearly. I’ve put box cubes on the corners of each bed to add emphasis, and they’ll be clipped to about 18 inches.”
Eventually damp guests trooped indoors to Lady De L’Isle’s tea, cucumber sandwiches and scones, in Jubilee spirit to the last.
Penshurst Place, Kent, is open daily until November 4 (01892 870307; penshurstplace.co.uk). | <urn:uuid:1141879b-e163-46b2-bb15-48b44d465e69> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/9331819/Penshurst-Place-the-new-Jubilee-Walk.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00373-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95447 | 815 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Welcome to our Special Educational Need and Disability (SEND) page. We hope you will enjoy reading about the variety of ways in which our academy is able to support SEND pupils to reach their full potential.
Our SENCO is Mrs N Meakin and can be contacted via email email@example.com
Autism Outreach Team have their own Facebook page.
Please see our SEND Policy below:
Please see our SEND Report below:
What is the SEND Local Offer?
Local authorities, schools and other services will set out a local offer of all services available to support children who are disabled or who have Special Educational Needs and their families. The local offer will enable families to understand what services they can access and what support they can expect from a range of local agencies, including from the local authority, health services, schools, leisure services and the voluntary sector. The offer will include provision from birth to 25, across education, health and social care.
What will it do?
The Local Offer will provide parents/carers with information about how to access services in their area, and what they can expect from those services. With regard to Education, it will let parents/ carers and young people know how school and colleges will support them, and what they can expect across the local settings. During the last year, the Local Offer Steering Group has developed questions for schools, and trailed them with a small number of settings.
There are 18 questions, devised in consultation with parents/carers and other agencies, which reflect their concerns and interests. These will be answered by agencies, schools and colleges to provide information to parents and carers to enable them to make decisions about how to best support their child’s needs.
Please see our Local Offer below:
Staffordshire family partnership
Below is a glossary of the most common SEN terms.
|ADD||Attention Deficit Disorder||LAC||Looked After Child|
|ADHD||Attention Deficit & Hyperactivity Disorder||LEA||Local Education Authority|
|ASD||Autistic Spectrum Disorder||LM||Learning Mentor|
|CAF||Common Assessment Framework||MLD||Moderate Learning Difficulty|
|CAMHS||Child & Adolescent Mental Health Service||MSI||Multi-sensory impairment|
|COP||Code of Practice||OT||Occupational Therapist|
|CP||Child Protection||PD||Physical disability|
|DCD||Developmental Co-ordination Disorder||PMLD||Profound and multiple learning difficulties|
|EAL||English as an Additional Language||SEN||Special Educational Needs|
|EP||Educational Psychologist||SEND||Special Educational Needs & Disability|
|FSM||Free School Meals||SENCo||Special Educational Needs Co-ordinator|
|FLO||Family Liaison Officer||SLCN||Speech, Language, Communication Needs|
|HI||Hearing Impairment||SLD||Severe learning difficulties|
|IEP||Individual Education Plan||SpLD||Specific Learning Difficulty| | <urn:uuid:9b2f2769-3f7d-4d03-a465-541f53ecf3c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stjohnsnewman.co.uk/send/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.889376 | 693 | 2 | 2 |
Competition in the Russia’s industry has not changed significantly in the last years, an evidence of which is the dynamics of evaluations of the level of competition on competitive markets, i.e. markets where it exists and where its level is not equal zero. The only evident change is the increasing level of major types of competition (inside Russia and with countries outside the former Soviet Union). However, the proportion of these two types of competition has not changed. On the whole, Russian enterprises directly affected by competition evaluate the internal Russian competition to be at the similar level as competition with imported products. The level of competition inside Russia equal to or even higher than competition with imported goods is reported by the majority of industries. Only mechanical engineering demonstrates a stable evaluation of the level of competition with imports as higher, although only slightly, than the level of competition inside Russia.
At the same time, it shall be taken into account that the share of markets where effects of competition are clearly felt principally differs in terms of two types of competition mentioned above. In the case all sales markets are represented as 100 %, the internal Russian competition in October of 2002 is registered on 87 % of markets, while 13 % of markets are free of competition among Russian products. At the same time, according to reports of enterprises, the competition with imported products has place on only 55 % of markets, while on 45 % of markets Russia-made products do not compete with imports.
Estimates of changes in effective demand continue to lose points in terms of optimism. In October of 2002, the balance of estimates (will increase – will decrease) declined further by 11 points and turned out to be at the record low since the start of post-default growth. Estimates of an absolute decrease in cash sales prevail across the majority of industries. Only power engineering, mechanical engineering, and food industry still expect a growth in effective demand. However, in this situation barter transactions will be hardly used to compensate the declining cash sales. Enterprises expect a most intensive decrease in amounts of barter in the last 22 months. A growth in barter is possible only in food industry. At the same time, it seems most probable that amounts of promissory note and offset transactions will not change till the end of 2002. The overall balance of forecasts with regard to changes of this indicator for the second half-year is at zero.
Estimates of changes in output also loose optimism. Although in September and October the respective balance dropped by 12 points, it remains positive, and a growth in industrial output in Russia will continue.
A decline in this indicator is possible only in non-ferrous metallurgy, chemistry, petro-chemistry, and construction industry. The changes in demand and output affect the employment plans of enterprises. The October survey registered the most pessimistic estimations of this indicator (in 1999 through 2002) for industry at large and across the majority of industries. New employment is probable only in the forestry complex.
S. Tsukhlo Russian Sugar Market in 2002: Outcomes of Three Years of State Regulation Seasonal fluctuations are an immanent feature of the Russian sugar market both from the point of view of technological cycle (production of raw inputs, their processing, import of raw sugar for further processing in case of lacking domestic supply of sugar beets) and the state regulation of this market.
The basic problem of national sugar market being the primary concern of state regulation in the past few years is the continuous shrinking of share of white sugar produced out of domestic inputs and the growing dependence on import of cheap raw sugar for processing. The substitution of import for domestic production (Picture 1) results in regress of a traditional industry of the Russian economy and consequently in deteriorating performance of domestic sugar beets producers and heavier dependence of domestic market on the world market fluctuations.
Picture 1. Russian sugar market: consumption and structure of raw inputs supply, % 140,120,100,80,60,40,20,0,1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002* I m por t s of whit e s ugar Sugar pr o duced o ut of im por ted r aw s ugar Sugar pr o duced o ut o f do m est ic sugar beet s C o nsum pt io n o f s ug ar * - 2002 - estimate.
** - consumption as percent of total supply.
Source: Bulletin of Russian Sugar Producers’ Union, Customs Statistics of Foreign Trade, corresponding years.
To solve the problem the state has chosen protective strategy of market regulation aimed at attaining two goals: halting of uncontrolled import of sugar (both white sugar ready for consumption, and raw sugar being an input for domestic processors) and favouring of domestic sugar beets production, recovery of domestic resource base, support of domestic agricultural producers. Two regulation tools were applied: import tariffs and quotas (in the past three years sold at autumn tenders).
What are the outcomes of this regulation in 2002 and what is the current market situation On the whole we can say that in 2002 the latter remained actually the same as in the past two years both from the point of view of demand/supply and the state market regulation.
The white sugar import is constrained at the level of about 0.3 million tons due to high import tariffs (in 2002 - 40% but not less than 140 EUR per ton and seasonal duty - 45% but not less than 160 EUR per ton).
For this item the tariff regulation turned out to be rather efficient.
Although in addition to import tariffs the supply of raw sugar is regulated by quotas, the effect of regulating this market segment is less vivid. While import quota for the whole 2002 is 3.65 million tons, 3.million tons have already been imported under it in the first half of the year. The remaining 0.3 million tons will be supplied in October-December. At the same time by the second half of September (i.e. the time when domestic-grown sugar beets start to be delivered to processing plants) 4.2 million tons of raw sugar have already been imported, i.e. the volume of supplies in excess of the quota reached 0.8 million tons.
Thus, the only meaningful result of market regulation is that quotas and import tariffs helped to separate the periods when processors get imported inputs (raw sugar) and sugar beets from domestic producers. On the whole the scheme of seasonal supplies works: almost all raw sugar imports are delivered in the first half of the year while in its second half sugar plants process primarily domestic sugar beets. At the same time two objectives of regulation remain unattained: first, deliveries of sugar in excess of quotas are beyond domestic regulation, world prices being their major determinants. In case world prices go down, the non-quota sugar is supplied to the Russian market despite all ordinary, seasonal and even special elevated import tariffs as low prices for raw sugar make up for suppliers' losses from paying duties. For example, in 2001 (i.e. already after the introduction of quota mechanism) raw sugar imports grew by 18% as compared to 2000 (although then no quotas existed) including over 1.5 million tons imported in excess of the quota. Second, no radical changes occurred in domestic production of sugar beets. The state has no idea of how to support domestic producers while private investments in this segment have not yet altered the existing market trends and, besides, negatively correlate with supply of imported inputs. One can hardly expect that investments in domestic production of sugar beets will grow despite excessive imports of cheap raw sugar.
In the current year the expansion of areas planted to sugar beets was minor, but yields grew by about 5% most likely due to larger fertilizer application and renovation of agricultural machinery inventories (being the effect of investments). Still, processing of new crop showed that the output of sugar per ton of sugar beets is 2% less than in the previous year and thus the production of domestic sugar will hardly exceed (or will only slightly exceed) the 2001 level.
It's hard to expect any improvements in 2003 since the approaches to state regulation remain the same.
The resolution on regulating sugar market in the coming year6 adopted in mid-July doesn't alter the support mechanisms introducing only quantitative amendments: the quota is increased up to 3.95 million tons and tariffs are notably elevated: the duty on raw sugar - up to 0.2-0.23 (beginning from July 1) EUR, the duty on white sugar - up to 0.24-0.27 EUR per kilogram. The results of import quota tender held in late September prove the invariability of selected market support strategy.
Summing up the results of the tender we'd like to underline several facts.
First, the activity of tender participants was rather high resulting in rapid price rise during trading sessions.
A year before an average purchase price was 50-51 USD per ton, in 2000 - 60 USD per ton while this September - 100-105 USD per ton.
The number of tender participants didn't grow much since principal players on the domestic sugar market are already known. In 2001 they played rather cautiously and actual prices remained far below the upper limit. This year the quota prices didn't fall below 100 USD per ton. There is nothing strange about it. By the time the tender was held market operators already knew that the 2003 import duties on sugar supplied in excess of the quota will be record high - 200 EUR per ton in the first half of the year and 230 EUR - in the second. This fact explains high activity of tender participants: given the new tariff level import of non-quota sugar becomes unprofitable and thus the focus is shifted to getting quotas.
According to "RusAgro" (one of the largest market operators and buyer of the biggest quota at the recent tender - 19 lots) the prices were pushed up by Western companies - for them Russia is a strategic market and they can afford to inflate prices given low world prices for raw sugar. To our mind, the price rise was provoked by high demand for sugar quotas conditioned by high import tariffs.
Second, the sale of quotas becomes a good source of federal budget receipts. The first quota tender brought to it 214 million dollars, the second - 185 million dollars and the recent one - 397 million dollars.
Probably, the key answer to the question of why state policies of regulating sugar market remain unchanged are these 800 million dollars "earned" by the budget during three years.
Third, it becomes obvious that 2003 can repeat the 2001 pattern when prices for quota and non-quota sugar levelled off due to low prices on the world market and thus the effect of tariff regulation was brought to nought. Companies that participated in the tender and paid for quotas can then incur losses. Such a situation is quite possible given over-production of sugar in the world and the forecast price drop throughout 2002/2003 marketing year7. Having made losses, these companies will again start to lobby their interests insisting on elevation of import duties on non-quota sugar.
Fourth, the tender results are a clear indication of forthcoming domestic sugar prices' rise already in the first months of 2003, i.e. by the time quota sugar will start to be supplied to Russia. Personal consumption will hardly go down in response to it due to the enormous market inertia, the population's non-readiness to substitute alternative sweeteners for sugar. The overall drop of demand will most likely be an outcome of smaller use by large consumers: producers of confectionery and beverages. Their shifting to alternative imported sweeteners and the deliberate maintaining of high sugar prices by companies that paid for quotas may result in domestic sugar market collapse.
According to the latest WTO estimates, in the first six months of this year the total amount of Russian import increased by 7 % as compared with the figures registered in the respective period of the preceding year. As concerns this development, as well as imports from China, which grew by 10 %, it is an exception from the general trend observed on many leading world markets, where was registered a significant decline in the amounts of import. According to WTO, it January through June of 2002, the imports from USA and Western Europe decreased by 6 % as compared with the figures registered in the first six months of 2001. At Government Resolution № 536 "On tariff regulation of raw and white sugar imports in 2003", July 15, 2002.
Forecast of the International Sugar Organization (ISO), Bulletin of Russian Sugar Producers' Union № 37 (264), September 26, 2002.
the same time, it shall be noted that in 2001 imports on US and European markets were by 3.5 % and 3 % respectively lower than in the preceding year.
In Japan and Latin American countries, the decrease in imports was most pronounced than on any other world market and made 10 %. According to WTO experts, this trend is related to the fact that the “investment bubble in information and communications sectors burst, the general economic activity abated and the rates on stock markets went down.” In August of 2002, the Russia’s foreign trade turnover made US $ 14.6 billion and grew by 5.8 % in comparison with the figures registered in the respective period of the preceding year. As compared with last August figures, both exports and imports increased (by 6.4 % and 9.4 % respectively). Exports made US $ 9.6 billion (the record high since January of 2001) and imports made US $ 5.0 billion.
As compared with this July figures, in August exports grew by 4.9 %. This increase in exports was mostly related to growing deliveries of machinery and equipment, as well as energy resources. As compared with this July figures, in August imports fell by 7.5 %, i.e. after a sharp July surge imports practically returned to the June level. The active balance of trade increased up to US $ 4.5 billion and was at its maximum in the period from August of 2001.
Figure 1. Main indicators of Russia’s foreign trade (in US $ bln.) -1997 г. 1998 г. 1999 г. 2000 г. 2001 г. 2002 г.
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Purpose: Serves as the lead facility management volunteer to ensure that C.A.R.E.’s real property is maintained in accordance with appropriate maintenance standards. Oversees and manages all aspects of facility management including volunteers, repair projects, preventative maintenance, and if necessary, construction. Manages C.A.R.E.’s safe workplace program.
- Ensure that structure, staff resources and systems are in place to effectively and efficiently support the overall facility operations goals.
Develop a schedule for and oversee all preventative maintenance for all buildings.
Ensures preventative maintenance for equipment is performed in a timely manner.
- Changes air handler filters and water system chemicals.
- Monitors operation of equipment such as washing machine and dryer, refrigerators, surgery equipment, air conditioners, backup generator and other non-office equipment to ensure maintenance schedules are maintained and the equipment is in good operational order.
- Ensures each building is painted and properly maintained.
Oversee all routine repairs and job requests, schedule accordingly.
Develop a schedule for and oversee all grounds maintenance to include cutting the lawn, filling holes in play yards, weeding gardens, trimming trees, inspecting and repairing fencing, and maintaining the ditch between the front of C.A.R.E.’s property and the county road.
Ensures buildings are safe with lights and fixtures in operational order and the appropriate fire suppressant equipment.
Oversee all daily repairs and job requests, schedule accordingly.
Maintain a list of contacts (volunteer and subcontract businesses) willing to preform work at the shelter.
Examples include: exterminator, tree trimming company, septic system cleaning and repair, annual A/C/ inspection and maintenance.
Maintain good relationships with the contractors and businesses.
- Seek out and negotiate quotes with contractors for building refurbishments and for work beyond that of staff and volunteer skills. Ensure required permits are obtained, and that work is completed to standard and within budget.
Any major repair or replacement project requires the approval of the Board of Directors.
Any external purchase or subcontracted services exceeding $500 requires three written estimates or competitive market prices.
Maintains file of operational manuals for shelter equipment and Manages C.A.R.E.’s safe workplace program.
Observe all safety rules and regulations for self and others.
Responds to staff and volunteer concerns about issues involving workplace safety.
- Perform other duties as requested.
- General maintenance experience
- Strong interpersonal, communication, and organizational skills.
- Must maintain positive and productive relations at all times with shelter volunteers and staff, vendors, service providers, donors, and others.
- Ability to manage conflict and be tactful and fair minded. Ability to handle stressful and changing situations. Versatile, flexible, and willing to work within constantly changing priorities.
- May be required to lift and/or move up to 50 pounds.
Comfort around and knowledge of dogs and cats and their health and welfare issues is helpful.
- Volunteer Orientation
- Read and Understand the Volunteer Handbook and all other Volunteer Guidelines
- Hands-on training
Time Commitment: Must be able to commit to a consistent schedule several days each week at the shelter
Supervision: Board of Directors
- Facilities Management
- Animal Care / Handling
- Home Repair
Good Match For
Requirements & Commitment | <urn:uuid:5e39a2aa-f70d-4d34-b1b8-41b18ac5ae48> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.volunteermatch.org/search/opp2155804.jsp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915656 | 707 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Journey Time: 60 – 90 minutes if no traffic
How to reach there: If you are travelling from Bangalore, on Mysore road take the right turn besides Rajarajeshwari Dental College. Drive past Dodda Alada Mara. On the way you will find ISRO’s Moon Misson Control room at Byalu village. You will reach a junction ( Chikkappa Circle), take left and keep riding. After ISRO centre the road is bad for few KMs. Keep driving and then suddenly you will see water surrounded by small hills. Yes, you have reached your destination. Keep driving and then take right trun where it is written “Camp 1.5 km). This road will take you to the ground zero of Manchanabele dam backwaters.
Route: Bangalore – Mysore road – Dodda Alada Mara – Bayalu Village – Manchanabele dam
Where to eat: There used to be one Dhaba, not sure if it is still there.
Where to stay: No place to stay there.
Language Spoken: kannada, however Hindi or English is understood to an extent.
Manchanabele dam is small artificial dam erected by the government of Karnataka on river Arkavati for irrigation and drinking water in the village of Manchanabele. The dam is insignificant in terms of structure or architecture. But the beauty is in the backwaters it has created surrounded by stone structed rugged hills. This is very good for family picnic, friends outing or couples. If you are going there in the day then do take tent or large umbrella to escape the sun. One can go do various activities here – starting from bird watching, hiking, rock climbing, boating, photography or spend time in leisure. The sun set is awesome there.
Let me give a brief idea behind the trip.
Today afternoon around 2.30 pm me and my friend Deepak left for Manchanabele dam as per earlier Schedule. It was a 2 for a tango on a bike! We took the route Corporation – Mysore road flyover and soon we were on Mysore road. As we both were hungry, we decided to have food one of the many dhabas there. We expected delicious food at economic prices. We landed at Sankranthi Family Restaurant as the place looked pretty cool with huts. Here neither the price was economic nor the food was good. So the bottom line, you may avoid this place without any thought. Typically dhabas are good after Bidadi or around Mandya. Following this we rode for our destination. After, we were on the Dodda Alada Mara road, we were stopping often to take pictures. On the way you can find many farm and nurseries. After Big Banyan Tree one can find Devnagari Tapovan which teaches yoga and meditation. We continued riding enjoying the mystic rugged stone hills. Then came the ISRO Moon Mission control room at Bayalu village. We shot the two large radio antenas and a nice building. I have read about that in newspaper but dint thought that I will see it so soon. From here started a few kilometer of bad road and spray of free powder. But after sometime the road was good again but narrow. We kept asking the viillagers to make sure we are on the right track. We reached Manchanabele dam around 4.30 pm. Near the backwaters one country road goes below kissing the backwaters, we took that road and went to the shore of the backwaters. We had a nice photo session. Its a good picnic spot and looks like many people come here. But the bad part is people dumb eatables and wastages on the shore and water. The government may try to develop this place as a tourism spot. We boarded on our bike and rode little towards the hinterland but we were not sure if we had enough petrol. So decided to get back. The comming back was smooth and we reached Dodda Alada Mara in 20 minutes. We gave a brief stop there as Deepak did not see it. Here, a clever monkey snatched our Sprite bottle and was drinking in style. Just see how!
Following this we rode back and hit Mysore road by 6.20 pm. From then it was a battery of traffic. However, on the way we took a picture of a nice lake and park. Traffic took its tool on time on Mysore road and by the time we reached home it was over 8 pm. | <urn:uuid:c8adb9d2-e549-4ecc-a9e4-bf7692ebf0f4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.travelingbeats.com/blog/trip-manchanabele-dam-backwaters | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00422-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972484 | 938 | 1.609375 | 2 |
By Ralph Goldswain
If kids love a show written and staged for kids then it doesn’t matter what the grown-ups think, and while Splendid Productions’ Midsummer Mechanicals confused at least one grown up – this reviewer – the kids were laughing and shouting and providing the sound effects by answering prompts to make thunder and wind, and even abstract things like fear, and silent things like snow. They were also offered circus and pantomime effects like clown acts and the opportunity of shouting “He’s behind you!” repeatedly when a bear came on and the actors pretended they couldn’t see it.
Three of the rude mechanicals from A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Peter Quince (Jamal Franklin), Nick Bottom (Kerry Frampton) and Francis Flute (Sam Glen), plus Patience Snout (Melody Brown), a new character introduced by writers, Kerry Frampton and Ben Hales, gather in the woods outside Athens to prepare a play to be performed at the first anniversary celebrations for the Duke, Theseus and the Duchess, Hippolyta. Their play, Pyramus and Thisbe having been well received a year before, they are full of enthusiasm and confidence, but not any more competent than they had been during their previous production.
Although it was slightly difficult to follow because of all the interaction between the players and the audience of children, it penetrated a child’s imagination with great effectiveness. It does have a clear story, however: it’s an episode in the parallel, half-told story in Shakespeare’s play, of the life of the Fairy King and Fairy Queen’s marriage – the intervention in that by a human, Weaver, who has strayed into the woods. The first half is the rehearsal, and when you come back after the interval you can sit back and enjoy the hilarious performance.
The genius of this production is that it doesn’t matter whether children, of any age, follow the story. There is enough for an afternoon of fun anyway. Both halves are packed with invitations to the children to participate. In addition to the sound effects, children are invited to shout out comments and questions, which the actors respond to with their improvised replies. The Company composer, Ben Hales, has provided several songs, which the cast sing, playing a variety of instruments. Something striking and mysterious is how kids manage to sing along with songs they have never heard. There was a lot of that, and congratulations to Ben Hales for writing songs that have that characteristic.
Apart from the comedic antics of the cast, there are other moments when raw, immediate Shakespeare is introduced. Shakespeare loved name-calling and his plays are full of some of the most colourful insults anywhere. When Peter Quince invites the kids to supply insults for the main character – Weaver – played by Bottom, and the Fairy King, to throw at each other the kids become very excited and creative. When one of them shouts (BUTT!) it renders Quince speechless, while the audience rolls about.
One of the interesting moments was when the mechanicals get towards the end of the casting. They are left without anyone to play the Fairy King. Patience (Melody Brown) steps up and says she’ll do it. The others reject that flat out. A child shouts “A woman is not allowed on the stage” and the cry is taken up by others. The rustic actors discuss that and decide that it’s only illegal if you don’t get caught, and when the very female Patience comes out as the Fairy King, she is the most masculine figure on the stage, and gets the kind of acclamation all actors dream of. But how do little kids know about sixteenth century theatre conditions?
The decision to stage this performance in the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse was a good one. Its intimacy is perfect for the desired atmosphere – not too big and not too small for a good dose of audience participation.
Every member of the cast deserves a standout credit and it would be an artificial exercise to single any one of them out. The astonishing thing to this reviewer is the level of energy applied to each performance by each of the actors. Just thinking about it is exhausting. But the result is something special.
Have you seen this play yourself? We’d love to hear what you thought of it in the comments section below! | <urn:uuid:d857013a-1e92-4edc-9477-5942224e461d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nosweatshakespeare.com/blog/midsummer-mechanicals-review-globe-2022/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.964319 | 915 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Spending on medical care for Americans with job-based insurance rose 4.6 percent last year, driven mainly by higher prices charged by hospitals and other medical providers, a report out today says.
The growth came despite a sluggish economy which some economists thought would translate into more modest spending growth. Still, last year’s per enrollee increase ranks below the 5.8 percent increase in 2009, according to the Health Care Cost Institute, a nonpartisan research group funded by insurers.
It isn’t clear from the data whether last year’s uptick represents a return toward the higher averages of the past – or whether it was an anomaly within a general slowdown, said David Newman, executive director of the institute. The institute noted the 2010 slowdown in its first report, which documented a 3.8 percent spending increase for privately insured Americans that year.
The current report found that employers in the Northeast spent the most on health care last year, at $4,659 per enrollee, while those in the West had the lowest tab at $4,358.
The data are based on 6 billion actual claims paid by insurers covering about 40 million people, representing one of the broadest looks at spending by employers for medical services. The data do not include spending for people covered by Medicare, Medicaid, or for those who buy their own coverage.
The data – available for free to researchers, employers and consumers – can help those who negotiate for health coverage “to ask what justifies price increases that are two and three times inflation,” says Newman.
While the Consumer Price Index rose 3.2 percent between 2010 and 2011, for example, the average price for inpatient hospital care rose 5.3 percent. That increase occurred as admissions declined half a percentage point, the study found.
Reports by other organizations released this year showed that the overall slowdown in medical spending seen in the past few years has had an impact on insurance costs. Premiums rose for employers at moderate rates by historical standards, according to a report out earlier this month by the Kaiser Family Foundation. That report found that premiums rose, on average, 4 percent for family coverage in 2012, well below last year’s increase and half the 8 percent average of the previous decade. (KHN is an editorially independent program of the foundation.) | <urn:uuid:6965d13c-b3c5-4de2-976a-0c65b50f7d87> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://khn.org/news/higher-prices-by-hospitals-other-providers-drove-2011-spending-increases-study-finds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00180-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961487 | 471 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Item description for Starting Your Day Right: Devotions for Each Morning of the Year by Joyce Meyer...
Overview A pocket-sized reader's handbook offers day-by-day guidance on how to grow in one's faith, focusing on such topics as enjoying life, staying self-disciplined, and living without fear. 75,000 first printing.
Publishers Description Readers are invited to start the morning off right with #1 New York Times bestselling author Joyce Meyer's devotions for each day of the year.
Citations And Professional Reviews Starting Your Day Right: Devotions for Each Morning of the Year by Joyce Meyer has been reviewed by professional book reviewers and journalists at the following establishments -
Library Journal - 11/15/2003
Promise Angels is dedicated to bringing you great books at great prices. Whether you read for entertainment, to learn, or for literacy - you will find what you want at promiseangels.com!
Studio: Warner Faith
Est. Packaging Dimensions: Length: 6.04" Width: 4.24" Height: 1.12" Weight: 1 lbs.
Release Date Nov 5, 2003
Publisher HACHETTE BOOK GROUP
ISBN 0446532657 ISBN13 9780446532655 UPC 9780446532655
Availability 33 units. Availability accurate as of Jan 17, 2017 01:29.
Usually ships within one to two business days from New Kensington, PA.
Orders shipping to an address other than a confirmed Credit Card / Paypal Billing address may incur and additional processing delay.
More About Joyce Meyer
Joyce Meyer is one of the world's leading practical Bible teachers. A New York Times bestselling author, her books have helped millions of people find hope and restoration through Jesus Christ.
Bible Teacher and Author - Through Joyce Meyer Ministries, she teaches on a number of topics with a particular focus on the mind, mouth, moods and attitudes. Her candid communication style allows her to share openly and practically about her experiences so others can apply what she has learned to their lives.
Joyce has authored nearly 100 books, which have been translated into 100 languages. More than 12 million of her books have been distributed free of charge around the world, and each year millions of copies are sold.
Joyce conducts close to a dozen domestic and international conferences every year, teaching people to enjoy their everyday lives. For 30 years, her annual women's conference has attracted well over 200,000 women from all over the world to St. Louis for specifically themed teachings by her and guest speakers.
Joyce hosts a TV and radio show, Enjoying Everyday Life®, which broadcasts worldwide to a potential audience of 4.5 billion people.
Joyce Meyer currently resides in the state of Missouri. Joyce Meyer was born in 1943.
Joyce Meyer has published or released items in the following series... | <urn:uuid:61c70fa2-bc7a-4ef9-95eb-b891208cb10c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.promiseangels.com/joyce-meyer/starting-your-day-right/SKU/14390 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00121-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9344 | 591 | 1.546875 | 2 |
I think this officially qualifies as absolutely insane.
Much has been said about the Tesla autopilot system. The fact that it’s called “autopilot” is a massive argument in and of itself, but that’s a topic for another time and, even more likely, another writer. The technology behind the much talked about system is pretty fascinating and looks totally insane when it’s piloting a car completely on its own. Here’s a quick 2 minute clip of a Model S driving itself.
But this is only the tip of the iceberg. The autopilot can also apparently emergency brake, even when there is an imminent crash about to happen ahead of you. Don’t believe me? Here’s the proof.
Original video, authorisation from the owner. Essential, no one could predict the accident but the radar did and acted by emergency braking. pic.twitter.com/70MySRiHGR
— Hans Noordsij (@HansNoordsij) December 27, 2016
According to reports, this happened near Eindhoven in the Netherlands. Moments before the crash you can hear the emergency braking signal, see that car dive under braking, and potentially saving the driver’s life. If the driver was not paying attention, they may have kept going and plowed head on into that crash. It also potentially saved the lives of some around the crash as a chain reaction was prevented.
This is all speculation, but the reality is that the autopilot system saved this Model S, and it’s driver, from a very bad situation. Unreal. | <urn:uuid:2ea819cc-48a8-4f1a-9980-8ff22be3f908> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://shiftinglanes.com/2016/12/tesla-autopilot-possibly-saved-mans-life-by-predicting-this-crash-before-it-even-happened/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961148 | 334 | 2.15625 | 2 |
First 266 words of the document:
Electric Counterpoint by Steve Reich
B Section Model Answer
Electric counterpoint is a fast paced minimalist piece written in 1987. It combines technology such as
sampling and lopping with a pre-recorded guitar parts with a live guitar. The piece was written for
jazz guitarist Pat Metheny. Like many minimalist pieces in has a strong polyphonic texture and much of
it ( as the title suggests) is in counterpoint. There is a blended quality to the 7 electric guitars and 2
bass guitars which accompany Metheny. He plays the resultant melody which is made up of the main
themes in the other parts. The tonality of the piece is predominantly modal, and it based in E minor
and C Minor. As the piece progresses we hear multiple key changes which add interest to the song.
Tempo is fast and is well suited to the intricate melodies of the piece. These ostinatos are the base
for a number of minimalist techniques. In the introduction note addition is used to form the main
melody. Reich also uses phase shifting and augmentation. Dynamics are used a little for example
when Reich wants to cut out parts he will use a diminuendo for a smooth transition.
Additional Points to Remember:
Structure two main section s with a coda. These are divided into four smaller
sections each of which is defined with key changes.
3/2 time signature and 12/8
Strummed chords new texture and counterpoint between guitars
It has tonal ambiguity
Interplay of bass parts | <urn:uuid:8b3ce8ff-9500-4eb3-ae7d-010e3d58c941> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://getrevising.co.uk/resources/b_section_answer_for_reich | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943917 | 327 | 2.09375 | 2 |
For our shut-ins, sick, and infirmed we have available live video during regular services. We also welcome anyone curious about the worship of the Ancient Church and encourage you to taste and see that the Lord is good.
Is transcending time and the world. All believers are seen as united in worship in the Kingdom of God along with the departed saints and the angels of heaven.
It is the sunset evening prayer service. The word comes from the Greek ἑσπέρα ("hespera") and the Latin vesper, meaning "evening".
Matins is called orthros in Greek (ὄρθρος, meaning "early dawn" or "daybreak"). It is the last of the four-night offices, which also include vespers, compline, and midnight office.
The Great Feasts (major feasts) of the Orthodox Church are the major celebrations throughout the liturgical year. The entire Church celebrates together thirteen feasts above all the rest, Pascha and the Twelve Great Feasts.
The honeymoon for orthodox, where Each year we gather together praying and fasting for 40 days like how our fathers taught us from the beginning.
Remembering our fathers who were murdered for their faith, confessed it to the last breath for the past two thousand years. making them remembered in our life and our kid's life.
where two will become one. The holy sacrament of marriage is uniting male and female through the gift of the Holy Spirit
The seal of the gift of the Holy Spirit” (See Rom 8, 1 Cor 6, 2 Cor 1.21–22). If baptism is our personal participation in Easter—the death and resurrection of Christ, then chrismation is our personal participation in Pentecost—the coming of the Holy Spirit upon us.
confession is not made to the priest, but to Christ, and the priest stands only as witness and guide
The Mystery is given for healing (both physical and spiritual) and for the forgiveness of sin. We usually celebrate it with our sister parishes two times a year.
Every Sunday around 11:00 a.m.
We usually have two classes alternating Bi-Weekly. one is north in Carlsbad and the other in south in the church
Summary or exposition of doctrine and serves as a learning introduction to the Sacraments traditionally used in catechesis. Join our classes in person every Saturday between 3- 5 P.M. please contact Father John to confirm the timing and your attendance.
A Paraklesis (Greek: Παράκλησις) or Supplicatory Canon, is a service of supplication for the welfare of the living. It is addressed to a specific Saint or to the Most Holy Theotokos whose intercessions are sought through the chanting of the supplicatory canon together with psalms, hymns, and litanies. We are having it every Thursday at 7:00 P.M as part of the woman club.
Please let us know if you have loved ones that you want to remember | <urn:uuid:7b1ca00b-df50-4032-ae80-71f63e4681bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://st-anthony.org/services | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.944097 | 648 | 1.585938 | 2 |
In the Check Constraints dialog box, select in the Expression field and then select the ellipses (.). ALTER TABLE employee_details ADD CONSTRAINT chk_ dept_id CHECK ( dept_id = 1000 OR dept_id = 2000); By executing above query, we can create chk_dept_id on existing employee_details table. Issuing the second statement will enable the check against the constraint for any future changes to the table that are covered by the constraint, up to the point that an ALTER TABLE [dbo]. Then I ran the code above . The RazorSQL alter table tool includes an Add Constraint option for adding check constraints to MySQL database tables. Let's create a table named 'furniture' in order to understand the . Answers. Right-click the constraint and select Modify. Check constraint is validation or a rule which is applied on the column of a table. Check Constraint is used to specify a predicate that every tuple must satisfy in a given relation. If you create a check constraint using the DISABLE keyword, the constraint will be created, but the condition will not be enforced. Click Close. You can simply add the constraint by itself. In Object Explorer, expand the table to which you want to add a check constraint, right-click Constraints and select New Constraint. We need to specify the constraint name after the CONSTRAINT keyword as shown above. PostgreSQL CHECK constraint with an assigned name.
The default is WITH NOCHECK. I made some test and the CHECK CONSTRAINT is faster than TRIGGER: The CONSTRAINT takes " SQL Server Execution Times: CPU time = 0 ms, elapsed time = 2 ms." SQL Server parse and compile time: CPU . The result of the predicate can be either TRUE, FALSE, or UNKNOWN, depending on the presence of NULLs.If the predicate evaluates to UNKNOWN, then the . By the way, you don't have to add another column in order to add a CHECK constraint. A foreign key constraint (also called a referential integrity constraint) designates a column as the foreign key and establishes a relationship between that foreign key and a specified primary or unique key, called the referenced key.A composite foreign key designates a combination of columns as the foreign key.. Using the 'built-in' solutions provided by the PostgreSQL database itself, to enforce any data restriction (s) makes perfect sense. The constraint name is used when dropping the constraint using the ALTER TABLE statement. If you use WITH NOCHECK, the constraint will be flagged as untrusted. SQL PRIMARY KEY Constraint. Check constraint defined on an attribute restricts the range of values for that attribute. The constraint is applied and enforced for any other transactions, though. The new table should also include the CHECK constraint: Add Create a new constraint for the selected database table and provide a default name and other values for the constraint. In the grid under Table Designer, click Enforce For INSERTs And UPDATEs and select No from the drop-down menu. [FK_ProductCostHistory_Product_ProductID] -- The name of the check or foreign key constraint, or "ALL". Note: We recommend defining a name when creating a constraint; otherwise system catalogs must be queried to determine the system-defined name. And a constraint was set on this table (which checks if there are white spaces in Name column): ALTER TABLE [dbo]. [Pacient] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [CK_Pacient_Name_NoSpaces] CHECK ((charindex(' ',[Name])=(0))) After that, i've created a test with sql code: Unfortunately the same thing happens. Both are same. ALTER TABLE [dbo]. [Album] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_Album_Artist] I need to learn how to create the relationship with t-sql. It is always "unknown" whether something is equal to null or not equal to null. But when you re-enable it, it will remain untrusted unless you use WITH CHECK. You can add or enable the constraint without checking existing rows, but the constraint will be marked as not trusted. Check constraint is explicitly put by the user while creating the table or is introduced when the table is being altered. WITH CHECK is the default for adding new foreign key and check constraints, WITH NOCHECK is the default for re-enabling disabled foreign key and check constraints. The constraint will not become valid until an expression is entered for the constraint. Check constraint can be created on a table level as well as column level. WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT followed by CHECK CONSTRAINT vs. ADD CONSTRAINT. The SQL PRIMARY KEY constraint combines between the UNIQUE and SQL NOT NULL constraints, where the column or set of columns that are participating in the PRIMARY KEY cannot accept a NULL value. Column constraints. A check constraint is a type of integrity constraint in SQL which specifies a requirement that must be met by each row in a database table.The constraint must be a predicate.It can refer to a single column, or multiple columns of the table. The code in the project is not reflected in the result.
Delete Remove the selected constraint from the table. When a unique constraint is created a . To disable a constraint it does not matter the use of "with check / nocheck". To cancel the addition of a check constraint, use this button to remove the constraint. Right-click the constraint and select Modify. add constraint. select name,is_not_trusted from sys . It limits the values that a column can hold in a relation. 78. There is no thing that is NOT equal to null.
Not-Null Constraints. CHECK CONSTRAINT -- This means "enable the check or foreign key constraint".
That makes sense, the output is constantly changing.
Anda tidak dapat menggunakan ALTER TABLE klausul MODIFY untuk menambahkan atau memodifikasi constraint (hanya NOT NULL constraint dapat dimodifikasi dengan cara ini). Level 3: Exclusion constraints (row vs rest of table) This is the really cool one. Click Close. ; A table-level CHECK constraint applies to the whole row, and checks data from multiple columns. Hi boobyy, You can find the check constraint on a specific column with column name and table name, the constraint name is not mandatory. Sorted by: 3. It can be applied to one single attribute or can be applied to the whole table. SQL CHECK Constraint. Using SQL Profiler we can see below that in this case although the check constraint has to performs ~10% more reads than the foreign key structure it runs twice as fast and uses half as much cpu. When we apply check constraint to any column, it checks for specific values while inserting any record. In my understanding , CONSTRAINT CHECK can be define when you add new columns. This predicate expands to (1 = 2) OR (1 = NULL), which evaluates to (FALSE) or NULL which evaluates to NULL, which is not the same as TRUE, so you see no rows. Teams. ALTER TABLE Employees ADD CONSTRAINT DefaultSalary DEFAULT ((100)) FOR [Salary] This adds a constraint called DefaultSalary which specifies a default of 100 for the Salary column. Thus saving time in the long run.
Check constraints help enforce domain integrity. The constraint can be renamed. A check constraint can validate the domain integrity of a single column or a number of columns.
It limits the values that a column can hold in a relation. fk_cust_name FOREIGN KEY (person_name) references. CONSTRAINT [PK_Pacient] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED. However, what I get in the replica is the dbo.Department with filtering properly applied and dbo.Person with DepartmentCode values breaking the foreign key constraint (and the new records with "wrong" DepartmentCode continue to be replicated into the branch's DB). - The "with check/nocheck" is to tell SQL Server to check the rows or not before adding or enabling the constraint. Actually, this is a constraint in MySQL as it defines some rules to restrict the values to be entered into a column. Creating a JSON response using Django and Python. But if we have to put check in existing column then.
A check constraint is a type of integrity constraint in SQL which specifies a requirement that must be met by each row in a database table.The constraint must be a predicate.It can refer to a single column, or multiple columns of the table. The code in the project is not reflected in the result. SQL Constraints. As of version 3.25.2, SQLite does not support adding a CHECK constraint to an existing table. Adding CHECK constraints to an existing table. To modify these properties, the constraint must be dropped and recreated. . In the grid under Table Designer, click Enforce For INSERTs And UPDATEs and select No from the drop-down menu. add new columns, drop existing columns, or change the order of columns. Check Constraint is used to specify a predicate that every tuple must satisfy in a given relation. [Categories] SET [description] = '<Unspecified>' WHERE [description . In the Check Constraints dialog box, select in the Expression field and . Note: RowCount does not include deletes made by cascade. The general syntax for the check constraint is: The check constraint appears in the column definition after the data type. CONSTRAINT [PK_Pacient] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED. The add constraint function allows the user to add a constraint name and a constraint condition. Remove publish from the equation. CHECK constraints are similar to FOREIGN KEY constraints in that they control the values that are put in a column.
For example, a PRIMARY KEY constraint will either create an index (unique or non-unique depending) or it will find an existing suitable index and use it. Secondly, check constraints allow you to refer to multiple and single columns. Unfortunately the same thing happens. They are used to determine whether a proposed value for a column is valid or not. To add a table check constraint through the command line, enter: ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE ADD CONSTRAINT REVENUE CHECK (SALARY + COMM > 25000) ADD CONSTRAINT ck_bonus2 CHECK (bonus < salary); Cek constraint dapat didefinisikan pada tingkat kolom jika constraint hanya mengacu pada kolom tersebut. Similarly when a column defined with check constraint and having NULL as one of the value in the IN clause should evaluate to FALSE (as per second SQL) in case the corresponding value . And a constraint was set on this table (which checks if there are white spaces in Name column): ALTER TABLE [dbo]. You can check the status of your foreign key constraint by running the following query. If you try to add or enable a constraint checking existing rows, and there is a row breaking the constraint, then you will not be able to add or enable the constraint. A column-level CHECK constraint applies to just the data in one column. The syntax for creating a check constraint in an ALTER TABLE statement in Oracle is: ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK (column_name condition) [DISABLE]; The DISABLE keyword is optional.
Check constraints can be applied only to a single column, but there can be multiple . Type the new expression in the Expression field. On the Table Designer menu, click Check Constraints.. To fix this, the following UPDATE statement will change the NULL values and set them to <Unspecified> in the description column: UPDATE [Production]. However, you can follow these steps: First, create a new table whose structure is the same as the table that you want to add a CHECK constraint.
Column constraints are evaluated after the input is validated against basic type requirements (like making sure a value is a whole number for int columns). A constraint can be added at the table level. Maybe the constraint is not updated when it is already there, and logically equal.
- The "check / nocheck" is to enable / disable the constraint. [T2] NOCHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_T2_T1] is issued. The statements, as written, are basically saying "Create this foreign key constraint but don't check it against .
. Basically, a MySQL Constraint helps to . And it requires that a row that passes a check constraint today would pass the constraint check . such as DEFERRABLE. It helps us ensure that the value we are inserting in our database satisfies the required condition. Creating and modifying check constraints. So I deleted my relation between the two tables and saved the diagram. alter table. The predicate in check constraint can hold a sub query. Foreign Key Constraints. The result of the predicate can be either TRUE, FALSE, or UNKNOWN, depending on the presence of NULLs.If the predicate evaluates to UNKNOWN, then the . Basically, we use the ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT command to put specific constraint on a given table column.
You can add or enable the constraint without checking existing rows, but the constraint will be marked as not trusted. CREATE TABLE tbl (SomeColumn VARCHAR (10) CONSTRAINT DF_YourTable_SomeColumm DEFAULT ('test')) This will do the same, but will . For example, a column-level CHECK constraint might look like this:
The constraint ensures that the EMPNO column can contain values that range from 100. to 25000 (instead of the domain of all valid integers). Actually, it's flagged as untrusted when you disable the constraint. To take advantage of the ability for table constraints to introduce compound restrictions, we can use the logical AND operator to join multiple conditions from different columns.. For example, in a banking database, a table called qualified_borrowers might need to check whether individuals have an existing account and the . CHECK constraints can be defined at the column level or the table level. When you switch it on, it does not verify the previous data by default. However, we can assign the PostgreSQL CHECK constraint name as follows: column_name data_type CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK condition. The same basic syntax is used, but the constraint is listed separately.
expand the table to which you want to add a check constraint, right-click Constraints and select New Constraint.
Here are some examples of Oracle "alter table" syntax to add foreign key constraints. Unlike check constraints, exclusion constraints let you say "what data is valid for a row, considering the rows that already exist in this table?" The query was as follows -. A unique constraint also guarantees that no duplicate values can be inserted into the column (s) on which the constraint is created. Comment. [Artist] ([Id]) GO ALTER TABLE [dbo]. If you define a CHECK constraint on a column it will allow only certain values for this column. In the Check Constraint Expression dialog box, type the SQL expressions for the check constraint. To disable a check constraint for INSERT and UPDATE statements. Before getting started, let me briefly describe SQL Server unique indexes vs. unique constraints: A unique index ensures that the values in the index key columns are unique. ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME. We can limit the range of values to be inserted within a column of a table in the database. Modifying Constraints . 533. [Pacient] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [CK_Pacient_Name_NoSpaces] CHECK ((charindex(' ',[Name])=(0))) After that, i've created a test with sql code: Oracle doesn't allow you to use a non-deterministic function in a constraint. Next thing I tried is just adding a constraint to a table, but removing Visual Studio and SqlPackage.exe from the equation. Better use this. WITH NOCHECK se usa tambin cuando uno tiene datos . Also user can provide own constraint name. To modify a check constraint. I need to have a check constraint on FillStorage model, preventing Sum of amounts of a single storage exceed its capacity; or be less than 0. . if exists (select * from sys.foreign_keys where is_not_trusted = 1) begin if OBJECT_ID('tempdb.dbo.#brokenconstraints') is not null drop table #brokenconstraints create table #brokenconstraints (tablename sysname, constraintname sysname, thewhere varchar(max)) if OBJECT_ID . [ProductCostHistory] WITH CHECK -- This means "Check the existing data in the table". The column definition for a constraint cannot be modified, e.g. The table or view containing the foreign key is called . And a CHECK constraint could reject the second UPDATE if resulted in a negative balance. o an index has nothing to do with a constraint. USE TestDB; CREATE TABLE tbl ( ID INT ); --If the column DatabaseProvider doesn't exists, create the column with check constraint IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM SYS.columns WHERE OBJECT_ID=OBJECT_ID('TBL .
Once the check constraint is in place, you cannot insert or update a value to a column that causes the condition evaluates to false. Finally, having all constraints declared as out of line (except NOT NULL which can only be defined as an inline constraint) makes it easier to look at your CREATE TABLE syntax and see all your . Thus, it's more flexible if you add them as an out-of-line constraint. age INTEGER CHECK (age > 0)); Note: Multiple column constraints are separated by a space. In Object Explorer, expand the table with the constraint and then expand the Constraints folder. The syntax to add constraints to a table column is as follows: 1. The relationship between indexes and constraints is: o a constraint MIGHT create an index or use an existing index to efficient enforce itself. If you define a CHECK constraint on a table it can limit the values in certain columns based on values in other columns in the row. In order to add NOT null constraint, there should be no NULL values in the column for which the constraint is going to be added. In the Check Constraints dialog box, under Selected Check Constraint, select the constraint you wish to edit. In Object Explorer, expand the table with the constraint and then expand the Constraints folder. Example: ALTER TABLE ConstraintTest ADD CONSTRAINT chkValidEndDate CHECK (EndDate . Column-Level vs Table-Level. A unique constraint prevents duplicate values from being inserted into a column (with one NULL allowed, if columns are nullable), where a check constraint allows you to establish a predicate condition that must be true for the one row.
1 Answer. - The "check / nocheck" is to enable / disable the constraint. The CHECK constraint is used to limit the value range that can be placed in a column. It requires that a row that violates a check constraint today would violate the check constraint tomorrow as well. Modifying Constraints.
The name of the first check constraint for the EMP table is CHECK_EMPNO. Please see if the below sample achieve your requirement. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Types of constraints. person_table (person_name) initially deferred deferrable; Here is an example of a multiple column foreign key constraint: In the Object Explorer, right-click the table containing the check constraint and select Design. It's important to be aware of the difference. Maybe the constraint is not updated when it is already there, and logically equal. WITH CHECK is the default for adding new foreign key and check constraints, WITH NOCHECK is the default for re-enabling disabled foreign key and check constraints. The tool then generates the appropriate alter table SQL command for adding the constraint to the table. Domain integrity defines the valid values for columns within a database table. The DML and DDL for all of these commands are below. ALTER TABLE dbo.DocExc ADD ColumnD int NULL CONSTRAINT CHK_ColumnD_DocExc CHECK (ColumnD > 10 AND ColumnD < 50); GO. WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT followed by CHECK CONSTRAINT vs. ADD CONSTRAINT The first syntax is redundant - the WITH CHECK is default for new constraints, and the constraint is turned on by default as well.
2. [Album] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Album_Artist] FOREIGN KEY([ArtistId]) REFERENCES [dbo]. Check Constraints Using A Create Table Statement Syntax Example 1 W3cschoool Com Postgresql Check Constraint What Is Example Of W3cschoool Com Ms Access Add Constraint To Database Tables Via The Alter Table Command . A not-null constraint is functionally equivalent to creating a . Time and effort spent implementing Check constraints for necessary column (s), far outweighs not implementing any at all. Suppose you have the following test.products table: CREATE TABLE test.products( product_id INT IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY, product_name VARCHAR (255) NOT NULL, unit_price DEC (10, 2) NOT NULL); ADD constaint_type ( column_name); Learn more
I use this to make them all trusted. SQL Constraints. WITH CHECK is the default for adding new foreign key and check constraints, WITH NOCHECK is the default for re-enabling disabled foreign key and check constraints. Add CHECK constraints to an existing table. without check check the constraint is not trusted and query plan is not optimal. A not-null constraint simply specifies that a column must not assume the null value. It is defined on the EMPNO column. To add a CHECK constraint to an existing table, you use the ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT statement. It consists of the check keyword followed by a Boolean expression in parentheses.
The second check constraint for this table is on the EMP_TYPE column. In other words, if you want to restate its "trustworthiness", you must explicitly specify this. Check constraints are awesome. The syntax for enabling a check constraint in SQL Server (Transact-SQL) is: ALTER TABLE table_name WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT constraint_name; table_name. Column constraints are constraints attached to a single column. Some properties cannot be modified, e.g.
Connor and Chris don't just spend all day on AskTOM. When a table check constraint is added, packages and cached dynamic SQL that insert or update the table might be marked as invalid.
The difference is in how they determine which values are valid: FOREIGN KEY constraints obtain the list of valid values from another table, while CHECK constraints determine the valid values from a logical expression.
cust_table. Requirement - Adding Check constraint that dept_id is 1000 or 2000. It's important to be aware of the difference. Q&A for work. ALTER TABLE [Production]. If you try to add or enable a constraint checking existing rows, and there is a row breaking the constraint, then you will not be able to add or enable the constraint. Now let's add a table-level constraint. It's important to be aware of the difference. To disable a check constraint for INSERT and UPDATE statements. A check constraint is a rule that identifies acceptable column values for data in a row within a SQL Server table. The predicate in check constraint can hold a sub query.
Primary Key - prevents a duplicate record in the table Check constraint defined on an attribute restricts the range of values for that attribute. The only way in SQL - without using a function like decode or nvl - whether something is NULL is to use "is null"/"is not null". Scenario - Adding Check constraint on existing table. It is possible, but a very bad habit to add constraints without a name: CREATE TABLE tbl (SomeColumn VARCHAR (10) DEFAULT ('test')) will create a CONSTRAINT with a random name.
Next thing I tried is just adding a constraint to a table, but removing Visual Studio and SqlPackage.exe from the equation. A syntax example: CREATE TABLE products ( product_no integer NOT NULL , name text NOT NULL , price numeric ); A not-null constraint is always written as a column constraint. ; Column-Level. Remove publish from the equation. A MySQL CHECK Constraint permits to add a certain range to the value in a column of the table. Example 3 - Add a Table-Level CHECK Constraint. The PRIMARY KEY constraint consists of one column or multiple columns with values that uniquely identify each row in the table. This will check data in two columns. | <urn:uuid:64d71fc1-e267-4dc5-add7-6ec8f439d604> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mail.clocktower.fr/non/16297523f8738c23b794f7465f55b-with-check-add-constraint-vs-add-constraint | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.8129 | 5,302 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Using a pizza stone results in crispy pizza crust and can also be used to make crusty breads.
- Skill level:
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Things you need
- Pizza stone
- Dough of your choice
- Pizza paddle or two oven gloves
Put the room-temperature stone into a cold oven.
Heat the stone in a 475-degree oven for one hour. Remove carefully.
Add the dough and cook according to recipe instructions.
Remove with the pizza paddle or oven gloves.
Brush any large pieces of food off of the stone and place it back into the oven.
Turn oven off and let the stone come back to room temperature.
Wash the cold stone in warm water with no soap.
Allow the stone to dry completely, and store in a cabinet or in the oven if desired.
Tips and warnings
- Use your pizza stone for breads and other items that require crisping.
- Don't let a cold stone come into contact with an already hot oven, and don't let a hot stone come into contact with cold water. Both can cause cracks. Don't use soap on a pizza stone.
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- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for | <urn:uuid:93436ba5-1a90-455f-adbf-df0eefe4627e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_7520429_use-ceramic-pizza-stone.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00309-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.879681 | 273 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Cuts could imperil crime fight in isles
The state and counties might receive less federal money to battle criminals in Hawaii
STORY SUMMARY »
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Cutbacks to a federal grant program could leave Hawaii with $1.5 million less in funding this year for fighting drugs and crime.
The cutback means some crime-fighting projects will have to be cut, causing officials to worry that crime and drug production could increase.
Last year, Hawaii and the four counties received $2.4 million in grant funding. This year that amount could drop to $890,000, according to a national estimate.
The federal program, the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant, funds 27 projects in Hawaii, including the Marijuana Eradication Task Force and the Cold Case Squad charged with solving cold murder cases.
State officials say it is too early to tell which projects would be cut because the funds are not expected to be released until this summer.
Hawaii congressional representatives and other members of Congress are fighting to have funding put back into the grant program.
"All of those programs bring value to our efforts," said Honolulu police Maj. Mark Nakagawa. "Either directly or indirectly, they're impacting public safety."
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Local officials are worried that a sharp reduction in federal funding will eliminate projects such as the Cold Case Squad, which solved a 15-year-old murder and sent the killer to prison last year.
The Honolulu Police Department uses the federal funds to fight gangs, guns and street drugs.
"Like a sinking boat, you have to think what to save and what's to go," said Honolulu police Maj. Mark Nakagawa, commander of HPD's finance division.
Hawaii could lose some programs, such as Mental Health Court, which helps mentally ill offenders get treatment; Sex Offender Registration Compliance, which tracks sex offenders to be sure they register; and the Cold Case Squad.
Last year, the Cold Case Squad's work led to the conviction of Jenaro Torres in the murder of Ruben Gallegos, 19, who worked as a cashier at Pearl Harbor in 1992.
The Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant, named after a New York City police officer killed in the line of duty, funneled about $2.4 million to Hawaii last year. The grant funds 27 projects statewide for reducing drugs and violent crime and upgrading law enforcement technology.
But in January, Congress reduced the 2008 overall funding to $170 million from $520 million a year earlier because the Bush administration argued that the money is needed elsewhere.
The National Criminal Justice Association estimated Hawaii would receive about $890,000 this year -- a 63 percent drop.
Members of Congress, including U.S. Rep. Neil Abercrombie, are fighting to restore the funding.
Still, local officials are starting to look for alternative sources of money or cutbacks.
"Some projects would disappear, but I wouldn't venture a guess on which ones those would be," said Adrian Kwock, grants and planning branch chief in the state Attorney General's Office. "What we have done is advised people (that) if they can find another funding source, now is the time to find it," he said.
Nakagawa said the benefits of the programs funded by the grant are hard to measure, but that all have a positive impact on public safety by increasing police contact with the community.
Without such programs, police would lose a chance to work with at-risk kids, he said.
"All of those programs bring value to our efforts," Nakagawa said. "Either directly or indirectly, they're impacting public safety."
The Hawaii Narcotics Task Force and the Marijuana Eradication Task Force are two statewide projects that are receiving funding from the Byrne grant. Last year, the two task forces seized 20 pounds of crystal meth, 23 pounds of cocaine and 222 pounds of marijuana.
The Marijuana Eradication Task Force, known as Operation Green Harvest on the Big Island, seized an estimated $72 million of marijuana in Hawaii last year. More than 50 percent of those plants -- 41,046 -- were found on the Big Island.
"It would obviously affect how we do our operations," said Big Island police Lt. Samuel Jelsma, administrator of the Task Force. In 2007, the force received $634,183 in Byrne funds.
He said while the county pays for officers on that island, federal funds are used for training, overtime, equipment and helicopter rental. With less funding, the task force would have to forgo training and fly fewer helicopter missions.
The marijuana program, however, is not without controversy. Critics complain about helicopter noise and police infringing on residents' rights. The County Council will debate on Thursday whether to turn down federal funding for the program.
But Jelsma said the 30-year-old program has reduced the number of outdoor marijuana plants. Before the program, outdoor marijuana growers would threaten residents who accidentally walked into a marijuana patch, he said.
The program also deters crimes linked to marijuana, such as the sale of harder drugs, illegal firearms, and stealing electricity to grow marijuana indoors, he said.
"Obviously when you have something under control and then you lessen that control then it's a bigger problem to try to control it again," Jelsma said.
On the line
Here are some programs in Hawaii funded by the Byrne grant and what they do:
» Cold Case Squad: solves cold homicide cases.
» Project Clean Sweep: reduces the number of illegal firearms in Pearl City.
» Sex Offender Registration Compliance: improves tracking of unregistered and non-compliant sex offenders.
» Hawaii High Technology Crime Unit: fights computer-related crimes.
» Mental Health Court: improves the Oahu court system's response to sentencing of the seriously mentally insane.
» Da Grad: prevents middle school students from getting involved in drugs, gangs and violence.
» Integrated Booking System Expansion: increases sharing of fingerprints and mug shots between local, state and federal agencies.
» Maritime Intelligence and Enforcement: reduces drug trafficking in Hawaii's maritime sector and state harbors.
» Marijuana Eradication Task Force: reduces marijuana by seizing plants | <urn:uuid:37d28ac4-b21d-488c-89ea-4bf4f1895ffa> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://archives.starbulletin.com/2008/04/06/news/story01.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725475.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00510-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951153 | 1,280 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The U.S. Supreme Court rejected Arizona’s bid to deny Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals recipients drivers licenses March 19, the latest judicial affirmation of the besieged DACA program.
The Supreme Court said in February it wouldn't follow President Donald Trump's request to hear a case on DACA before the appeals process took place, softening the original March 5 deadline for the program.
The bid to bar undocumented individuals from getting licenses originates from previous Arizona Republican Governor Jan Brewer, who took a strong anti-DACA stance during her time in office.
Jocelyn Lopez, a medical studies freshman and DACA recipient, said a having driver's license eases her fear of getting pulled over. She said that in the case she gets pulled over without proper identification, a police officer could easily start the process of deportation.
Lopez said a license also makes it possible for her to get a job because applications usually ask for a driver’s license number and social security number.
Ruby Rivera Perez, an applied biological science senior and member of Undocumented Students for Education Equity, said that without a license it’s hard to do something as simple as going to see a rated-R movie or buy alcohol.
Prior to getting a license Perez drove to school without a license out of necessity. She lived in constant fear of getting pulled over.
"It's very scary because you think 'this could be the day'," she said.
Now that she has a license, she feels safer.
“I can get to work, drive to school legally, you feel free, you feel like you can do things with out being at risk," Rivera said.
David Wells, a political science professor, said the ability for DACA recipients to drive legally is important considering that our public transportation system is not “ideal” and no matter what “people have to get places.”
Although this may be a win for DACA recipients Wells said this “doesn’t have anything to do with the future of DACA” and that there is still no solution in sight for the bigger problem.
Wells said the future of DACA is still in the courts.
“There’s two district court judges who have put an injunction against stopping DACA and that’ll go to the appeals court process and then it’ll still go to the Supreme Court, it’s just going to take at least a year.” | <urn:uuid:a568f32b-6830-42b0-a130-fd6c168d1c57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.statepress.com/article/2018/03/sppolitics-supreme-court-rejects-az-bid-to-deny-licenses-to-daca-recipients | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.971671 | 504 | 1.929688 | 2 |
By Neha Khan / Siasat
New Delhi: The Centre Monday told the Delhi High Court that Mughal Mosque in South Delhi’s Mehrauli area is a protected monument and sought time to state its stand on a plea against the stopping of offering namaz by devotees there.
The Centre asked Justice Manoj Kumar Ohri to grant more time to seek instructions on the petition which pertains to the mosque which is situated within the ‘Qutub Complex’ but outside the ‘Qutub Enclosure’,
Advocate Kirtiman Singh, appearing for the Centre, said that a case concerning the mosque was also going on before a lower court in Saket.
The lawyer for Delhi Waqf Board, Wajeeh Shafiq, however, said that the proceedings before the Saket court concern a different mosque.
Advocate M Sufian Siddiqui, appearing for the Managing Committee of Delhi Waqf Board, urged the court to hear the case as early as possible, saying that the mosque has remained shut for prayers since May.
The court listed the case for further hearing on September 12 and granted further time to the respondents to place their stands on the petition.
On July 14, the court had given time to the Centre and Archeological Survey of India (ASI) to state their stand on the petition.
The petitioner had then told the court that the mosque in question is a duly gazette notified waqf property that has a duly appointed Imam and Moazin, and not the contentious ‘Quwattul Islam Mosque.’
A plea, pending before a Saket court, has prayed for the restoration of Hindu and Jain deities inside the Qutub Minar complex on the ground that 27 temples were partly demolished by Qutubdin Aibak, a general in the army of Mohamad Gauri, and Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque was raised inside the complex by reusing the material.
This story was originally published in siasat.com . Read the full story here | <urn:uuid:c86ea585-4cf4-4eec-9270-a246c6d691c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hindutvawatch.org/plea-against-stopping-namaz-mughal-mosque-in-mehrauli-protected-monument-hc-told/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.968058 | 432 | 1.515625 | 2 |
There is increasing evidence racist attacks are growing in many areas in Lithuania. The Indian singer, Bemeen, who works in the area has encountered examples of people using expressions such as “nigger” in order to describe him or his colleagues. This week, a gang assualted Bemeen, who is black, resulting in a beating that sent her to the hospital. The singer who performs in Lithuania and on local TV notes: “You cannot escape such people because they are everywhere. I worked hard in nine months and I do not plan to run from somebody calling me a ‘nigger.’ This was the first attack of such in my life. I have forgotten things like this. I kow this happens in all parts of the world, not only in Lithuania, but also London, South Africa, America. But it is totally different when it happens in a small country like this.”
Official figures indicate there has been a rise in such attacks, but they still number fewer than fifty nationwide. Obviously, one such incident is one too many, but until the numbers of black skinned people rise in the Baltic nations, these attacks will remain local in nature. | <urn:uuid:94e77365-0b09-42a5-a012-0e38e18337a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theimpudentobserver.com/world-news/racism-on-rise-in-lithuania/comment-page-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00090-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975667 | 243 | 1.523438 | 2 |
It’s important can be to observe regular mobile security practices to minimize the threats. With the mobile security threat heightened, securing mobile devices goes beyond convenient anti-virus software. For example , an MDM can help make sure smartphones will be encrypted plus the skilled and personal data kept on them is segregated. Mobile phone customers generally don’t know their gadgets are jeopardized, or how sometimes they put themselves in danger. Monitoring person practices can talk about anomalies which would point to a great attack which is underway. In addition , automated monitoring may also present essential when ensuring the organization’s portable security guidelines aren’t infringed. Think with regards to the number of events we are asked to login a device in any given day time and how a large number of instances can we use the identical password, through multiple accounts?
What potential dangers exist having a mobile gadget?
This article identifies five mobile reliability threats and the best way to help guard yourself from their website. Madware and spyware. Madware is short for portable adware. verizon fios router password reset Viruses and Trojans. Malware and Trojan viruses can also episode your mobile equipment. Drive-by downloads available. Browser intrusions. Phishing and grayware apps.
How To Raised Guard Your Group In Opposition To Mobile phone Threats
While Apple users tend to consider their approaches as luxury and high-security, the reality is iPhones and other Apple mobile units are on top of that targets for the bad fellas. Any iOS gadget could be controlled by attack options of malware and viruses.
Cybersecurity Insider Newsletter
Section Data And Apps About Enterprise Units
Any mobile phone device that accesses the Internet via internet browsers or apps is usually subject to invasion. Some operating methods, however , have become particularly favorite with cybercriminals because of their status and the convenience with which viruses can be downloaded onto the device. Since mobile units vary in their functioning platforms (very similar to the regular Windows-based mostly PC and Macs), cybercriminals typically end up tailoring the attacks.
What is a way you can secure yourself against internal threats?
There are a variety of equipment and defending measures that a organization can implement to protect themselves right from internal reliability threats. 1 windows 10 security update within the easiest methods to protect internal data from securities breach should be to have password-protected WiFi that is certainly inaccessible by simply both staff members and guests of the organization.
Know The Dangers To Cellular Security
Others with delicate R&D jobs require staff members and friends to record telephones in. Phones needs to be thought-about serious threats to security and should be considered in a vulnerability evaluation. Perhaps even more regarding, a Forbes statement in August says antivirus applications for cell units that had noticed 28 mil downloads themselves opened the door with respect to google epic books cyberattackers. Devices that use the Google android OS will be fairly well-liked with consumers, http://maplehomes.bulog.jp/how-to-be-a-cyber-security-analyst/ which implies they’re the favourite with respect to the detrimental guys. Spyware and adware attacks will be among the many greatest threats Android os mobile users face right now. Federal Bureau of Investigation only lately notified Android users to the potential pitfalls connected with Android’s market share and free structure.
- WEBSITE ADDRESS obfuscation could be as simple seeing that replacing the top-level part of an talk about or transitioning comparable-trying personalities (like ‘0’ for ‘o’, ‘cl’ just for ‘d’, etc . ).
- With such a lot of strategies offered in cybercriminals what can we do to guard our smartphones via these dangers?
- It’s typically harder to confirm the legitimacy of a hyperlink or perhaps URL about mobile devices than notebook computers or desktop computers.
- The report additionally positions several bits of recommendation in protecting your group coming from mobile threats.
- A report launched Monday by network monitoring supplier Gigamon seems at using mobile phones on enterprise networks as well as the risks posed by mobile adware and spyware and limited security.
- Mobile devices such phones, tablets and notebooks simply are not invulnerable and buyers need to be aware of the potential for or spyware and different threats. | <urn:uuid:a41b9de5-9694-4542-a166-55bb5fb44954> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://imankristiani.com/821/portable | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.920572 | 899 | 2.28125 | 2 |
This introduction to Boolean algebra explores the subject on a level accessible even to those with a modest background in mathematics. The first chapter presents the algebra of sets from an intuitive point of view, followed by a formal presentation in chapter two of Boolean algebra as an abstract algebraic system, with no reference to applications.
Succeeding chapters offer concise accounts of applications to symbolic logic, focusing on topics of logic common to elementary mathematics and discussing concepts of valid argument and indirect proofs. Additional topics include the algebra of circuits — switching, relay, and computer — as well as the application of the algebra of sets to probability theory. Problems appear throughout the text, with answers to selected problems at the end of the book. Geared toward students of mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering, this text can be appreciated by anyone who understands college-level mathematics. It will prove particularly valuable to philosophy students and others wishing to study symbolic logic and its applications to computer science.
Reprint of the Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., Reading, Massachusetts, 1961 edition.
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|Author/Editor||J. Eldon Whitesitt|
|Dimensions||5 1/2 x 8 1/2| | <urn:uuid:279305bd-73c1-4214-a736-427b97057672> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://store.doverpublications.com/0486477673.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00424-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.870569 | 254 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Punch: The Federal Government on Sunday finally released the result of the rebased Gross Domestic Product for the country, which showed that the Nigerian economy had overtaken South Africa’s as the biggest on the continent.
The Statistician General of the Federation and Chief Executive Officer, National Bureau of Statistics, Dr. Yemi Kale, who presented the outcome of the preliminary estimates of the GDP in Abuja, said that following the rebasing exercise, the country’s real GDP for 2011 and 2012 now stood at 5.09 per cent and 6.66 per cent, while the economy grew by 7.41 per cent in real terms last year.
He stated that the numbers were still going through a final refinement and that by June this year; the final estimates of the nominal GDP would be released.
Rebasing of the national account series, which includes the GDP, is the process of replacing an old base year with a new and more recent one.
The base year provides the reference point to which future values of the GDP are compared and it is a normal statistical procedure undertaken by the national statistical offices of countries to ensure that national account statistics present the most accurate reflection of the economy.
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The key benefits of the rebasing exercise are that its results enable policy makers and analysts to obtain a more accurate set of economic statistics that are truer reflection of current realities for evidence-based decision-making.
Rebasing also reveals a more accurate estimate of the size and structure of the economy by incorporating new activities, which were not previously captured in the computational framework.
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This is the first time the Nigerian economy will be rebased in almost a quarter of a century.
The presentation of the new figures was attended by key officials from both the public and private sectors of the economy as well as representatives of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and the African Development Bank.
Kale said the results from the rebased estimates indicated that the nominal GDP for the country had now become larger than previously estimated.
For instance, he said the rebased nominal GDP for 2010 was N54.20tn; while for 2011, 2012 and 2013, he put the figures at N63.25tn; N71.18tn and N80.22tn ($510bn), respectively.
The implication of this, he added, was that the country had now overtaken South Arica to become the largest economy in the continent of Africa and 26th globally.
South Africa’s GDP for 2013 was $370.3bn (N60.7tn)
In terms of per capital income, which measures the income per individual, Nigeria is now ranked 121st from 135 with an average GDP per capital income of $2,688.
On sectoral performance of the economy, the NBS boss said the results indicated that the structure of the Nigerian economy had changed significantly leading to a decline in the share of the agricultural sector and a rise in the share of services in nominal GDP.
The implication of this, according to him, is that the country now has a stronger diversification of the economy than earlier reported.
Kale said, “Analysing the 1990 nominal series, agriculture contributed 30.3 per cent to the GDP, while industry contributed 46.1 per cent and services contributed 23.6 per cent.
“According to the rebased 2010 series, in nominal terms, the share of agriculture has declined to 24 per cent. The share of industry to the country’s GDP has also declined to 25.8 per cent, while the share of services to the country’s GDP has increased to 50.2 per cent.
“The number of economic activities accounting for 70 per cent of nominal GDP has risen from three to six after rebasing.”
He also said wholesale and retail trade was the economic activity with the most notable changes between the old and new GDP series.
This, according to him, is attributable to the efforts of the NBS during the rebasing exercise to capture more of the informal sector.
Telecommunications and information services, motion pictures and sound recording, cement production, food, beverage and tobacco, construction and real estate sectors also witnessed significant changes.
Commenting on the outcome of the exercise, the Minister of Finance, Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, said the rebasing though commendable, would not make poverty and unemployment disappear overnight, but would give the government the needed tools to tackle the problems in order to reduce poverty and improve the welfare of the people.
She said, “Not all our ratios look good. Our revenue to GDP ratio doesn’t look that good. We have a tax to GDP ratio of about 20 per cent, which is in the range of emerging market economy, but our non-oil tax to GDP ratio Is quite low at seven per cent.
“With this new GDP numbers, we are not going to look so good. Our tax revenue to GDP ratio will fall to about 12 per cent and four per cent for non-oil tax to revenue.
“We have started moves to improve our non-oil revenue by working with the FIRS to improve their approach to tax administration, and we are blocking the loopholes and strengthening tax collections.”
The international development partners such as the World Bank, IMF and the ADB endorsed the outcome of the country’s rebased GDP
The IMF Resident Representative in Nigeria, Dr. Gene Leon, who spoke at the event on behalf of multilateral institutions, said the task of producing quality statistics for the country had just begun.
He said, “The CME has underscored that the efforts being made to improve the statistics of the federation is a basis for sound decision making. Let me say we endorse wholeheartedly the outcome of this process and we support Nigeria in this regard.
“Data is not an end in itself. Changes in statistics should fulfil a purpose. The relevant question today is: Have the huge efforts been valuable? From a decision making perspective, the answer is unquestionably yes.
“The data and sources have been expanded. The methodology has been improved and the knowledge of the structure of the economy has been significantly enhanced.” | <urn:uuid:fc90c351-818a-4acd-9875-4f5e5ccffb66> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nairametrics.com/2014/04/07/b-o-o-m-nigeria-is-now-africas-biggest-economy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.95952 | 1,286 | 1.585938 | 2 |
TEXTILE AND FIBRE
EQUIPMENT BY TM SYSTEMS®
Sustainability is Trending
Textile industry produces a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions and consumes a lot of natural resources, including water. Many of the key processes also use chemicals harmful to the environment. Textile industry is in a state of transition as the requirements of sustainable development become a priority.
The reuse and recycling of old textiles is an important way to reduce the generation of textile waste. Cotton and polyester fibers are released through chemical leaching to be reused in new fabrics without compromising quality. Drying is an integral part of the this process. Our innovative SuperDryer™ drying solution is optimal for drying textile fibers and it also efficiently recovers energy from the process.
SuperDryer ™ is also suitable for drying most of the new innovative cellulose fibers used in textiles, whether animal or plant based.
The solutions we have developed meet the environmental challenges on a broad front: they are able to prevent harmful emissions and they clean exhausted air while also answering the need for increased efficiency of industrial production and energy savings.
CO2 negative drying of textile and other fibers
SuperDryer™ is a breakthrough drying system that revolutionizes the drying process by making it clean, energy efficient and CO2 negative. It runs with renewable energy and replaces the traditional industrial dryers that are associated with fossil fuels, high energy consumption and heavy pollution.
SuperDryer™ is suitable for drying both wood-based cellulose and recycled textile fibers. It is versatile and easily scalable to to any capacity requirement. The optimal drying conditions and final dryness of the product can be easily adjusted through the operating parameters. Together with Zero-Ex® technology it cleans 100% of the exhaust air, eliminates harmful emissions and odors, and recovers 100% of spent energy. SuperDryer™ helps you meet the requirements of the latest environmental regulations and the energy challenges of modern industry. Read more: SuperDryer™ – clean, energy-efficient and CO2 negative drying of textile fibers
Sidestreams and by-products to support bioenergy and circular economy
Sidestreams and by-products, such as sludge coming out from the processes can be utilized as bedding or raw material for recycled fibers for instance to support a circular economy as a substitute for fossil fuels. SuperDryer™ is a breakthrough drying system that revolutionizes the drying process by making it clean, energy efficient and CO2 negative. It replaces the traditional industrial dryers that are associated with high energy consumption and heavy pollution.
SuperDryer™ is versatile and easily scalable to fit any capacity requirements. The optimal drying conditions and final dryness of the product can be easily adjusted through operating parameters. Together with Zero-Ex® technology it cleans 100% of the exhaust air, eliminates harmful emissions and odors, and recovers 100% of spent energy. SuperDryer™ helps you meet the requirements of the latest environmental regulations and the energy challenges of modern industry. Read more: SuperDryer™- clean, energy-efficient and CO2 negative drying of sidestreams and sludges
ZeroEmissions ZeroOdors ZeroFog ZeroIce ZeroDust made with recovered waste energy
Pollutants, foul odors and wasted energy – typical problems in the textile industry. Our proven Zero-Ex® closed circulation technology is specifically designed to combat these problems. In addition to reducing the harmful environmental impact of the pulp industry, Zero-Ex® also improves the efficiency of the processes by recovering wasted heat that would otherwise be exhausted into the atmosphere. Zero Ex® enables a closed loop system in which the energy generated by the process can be recovered with zero waste. By minimizing energy consumption and maximizing the continued use of energy, it is possible to achieve up to 100% energy recovery. Read more: Zero-Ex® – zero emissions to air
At TM Systems® we are very aware of the energy challenges and the pressure toward environmentally friendly operations in different process industries, therefore, we have put extra effort to further develop energy saving solutions including top-of-the-line heat recovery systems. We deliver solutions that cut energy costs and enable more environmentally friendly production without compromising on production rate.
TM Systems® has developed various heat recovery solutions for a multitude of industries. With our optimized heat recovery solutions you save in energy while still being able to increase your production output. Read more: Energy saving by TM Systems®
From fossil fuels to renewables
Is Is the continuity of your business in danger because of blocked gas supplies? Are you searching for quick alternatives to change from fossil fuels to renewables? TM Systems® has proven technology that rapdily accelerates you transition from natural gas and other fossil fuels to renewable and clean energy, no matter what fuel your process was originally designed to run with. Read more: Shortcut to renewables by TM Systems®
Textile and fiber processing industries face an increasing amount of regulatory sustainability challenges. How to meet the limits without compromising the profitability of the business? Read more: Ensure your regulatory compliance with TM Systems® technology
This is TM Systems®
TM Systems® is a leading developer and supplier of industrial air, drying and emission control systems. We are setting standards in paper, board, tissue and pulp industries, mechanical wood, energy and bioenergy, mining, metal and recycling industries as well as industrial and urban waste and sidestream processes when turning waste into a source of energy or commodity with business value. We know how to turn an industrial drying process CO2 negative with zero emissions. Read more: TM Systems® in a nutshell | <urn:uuid:d6e379e6-c1fc-436f-8f77-3f4e5f4dd267> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tmsystems.com/industries/textile-and-fibre/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.918343 | 1,161 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The celebration of the Provincial Contest was created to commemorate what is known as Piñata Sunday, that is, the second Sunday of Carnival. This contest was introduced in 1998 and it supposed the last innovation of the Cebreros Carnival, whose aim is promoting the Piñata celebration that along the years has become one of the most important events of the Province.
Troupes and floats from many villages of the Province of Ávila parade along Avenida de la Constitución in Cebreros, on a long route, which ends in Plaza de España. Finally, the awards ceremony takes place after the deliberation of the judges.
The success of this initiative has been growing since the first edition. Every year, there is a massive participation and it increases year by year, becoming Cebreros Carnival a cultural reference point in the Province of Ávila. It is estimated that during the Provincial Carnival there are more than 2,000 participants and more than 20,000 people who attend each year to watch and to enjoy the parade. | <urn:uuid:d1a3c47c-c620-4279-9c94-4693ae5bfc97> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://carnavaldecebreros.es/en_US/la-fiesta/carnaval-provincial | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.964634 | 218 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Convinced that greater technical knowledge of our products and their applications is essential to an optimal relationship between our Group and the market, we have provided with course at various levels for sellers, suppliers and customers. The basic course are four, but with large possibility of personalization:
The course (lasting one day) is intended for both designers in technical departments and maintenance personnel. Among the main themes dealt with will be the physics of pneumatics, cylinder functioning and symbols, valves and compressed-air units. A general text on pneumatic technique will be used,as well as technical sheets and selected products.
Reserved for designers from technical departments who have already participated in the basic course or who have fundamental technical knowledge, this specialised course lasts only a half-day. On the agenda, a number of major themes for operators, such as calculation of the sizing of automatic actuators and the regulation of their speeds, the choice of valves, the sizing of the unit for air treatmentand of the connection tubes, and software supports. Tables have been prepared as teaching aids that illustrate the strengths and consumption of air in the cylinders, as well as tables of valve and tube capacity. "Easy sizer" CD software will be used.
This is dedicated to maintenance personnel who have already attended the basic course or who have acquired analogous training. The training, which lasts one day,deals with a number of importantissues for those responsible for the efficient operation of installations, from types of maintenance to interpretation of the pneumatic scharts, to the relationship between them and the electromechanical systems, to the choice of the most appropriate pneumatic components. In addition to a text describing various types of maintenance (preventive, predictive or extraordinary), both the pneumatic and electrical systems and the production programs of the installations are studied.
Lasting an entire day, this course is intended for both Metal Work commercial personnel and resellers, and designers in customers' technical departments. In addition to presenting Metal Work new products, the training focuses on the close examination of themes regarding product families or products which the course participants are particularly interested in.
The course can be held at our premises ar at customer's ones.
For further details or organization please apply to our Sales assistance (+39 030 21 87 105) or click here. | <urn:uuid:8656abc6-f30b-428b-94dc-c2fb75275f63> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.metalwork.it/eng/corsi_formaz.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947272 | 469 | 1.640625 | 2 |
8000Kicks hemp shoes opened in 2018 after founder Bernardo Carreira finished his business studies at Purdue University. He decided to make use of his grandmother Maria Otilia’s 50 years of experience in the textile industry and launch a sneaker company with her.
“We had no money and no experience, so we went to the only place where they would take two dreamers like us: Kickstarter,” said Carreira.
After surpassing the Kickstarter goal of $10,000 by accidentally raising $250,000, grandmother and grandson pair knew they had a real company on their hands. While most sneakers add carbon to the air through plastic manufacturing, these hemp shoes actually pull carbon from the air. But the duo didn’t want to create just any shoe, they wanted to create a shoe for an active traveler who use their shoes heavily.
Wax and a waterproof membrane make sure that water stays out of these shoes to keep them in great shape. Outsoles are made from lightweight algae. Here are more features that set the 8000Kicks shoes apart:
- Super Durable: Hemp was once used to make ropes, ship sails and even some of Ford’s cars.
- Super comfortable: The world’s 1st hemp insole.
- Ecological: Because they use a hemp upper instead of cotton/polyester, the shoe fibers need 70% less water and emits 72% less CO2.
- Vegan and biodegradable: The shoe is made from vegetal fibers, including its glue that is made from water.
- Anti bacterial: A natural property of hemp fiber.
- Lightweight and flexible: A unique algae outsole makes the shoes lighter than a phone.
“The hemp sourcing is the most challenging because hemp crops are harvested only in the summer, then our suppliers need to process the fiber, spin the yarn, woven the fabric to our specific requirements, and only then we are ready to make the shoes,” Otilia said.
Images via 8000Kicks | <urn:uuid:1ca15ecf-44db-44b6-94aa-34776cb55f22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://inhabitat.com/77-year-old-launches-waterproof-hemp-shoe-company/?idx=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.953524 | 420 | 1.75 | 2 |
Gulliver's Travels is one of the few works of English literature which is also a landmark in world literature. Jonathan Swift's account of Lemuel Gulliver's adventures in the fantastical societies of 'remote nations' was an instant best-seller on publication in 1726 and has remained in the public imagination ever since, as both a satiric fantasy and an analysis of the human condition. This scholarly edition offers an authoritative text, based on the widest possible historical collation of the many editions published in Swift's lifetime; a detailed introduction and textual apparatus; and appendices and illustrations presenting important ancillary material with new clarity. Extensive notes and commentary open out the many layers of meaning and allusion in the text, identify new sources and parallels and offer wide-ranging historical background information. An important addition to the Cambridge Swift Edition, this volume will be indispensable for scholars and students of eighteenth-century literature and ideas.
Find out more | <urn:uuid:ec1673ca-564a-4069-a803-86c309b2ac17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://english.web.ox.ac.uk/article/gullivers-travels | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.924331 | 191 | 2.828125 | 3 |
About NMH Foundation
More than 7,000 babies are born at The National Maternity Hospital, Holles Street every year. That’s a new baby every hour, 365 days of the year.
The NMH Foundation exists to raise vital funds for the National Maternity Hospital, with a focus on advancing maternal and neonatal health, through funding research, innovation and excellence in care.
The foundation has three core pillars of work, engaging communities and corporate partners to help babies:
- Arrive – by funding cutting edge research and innovation that will advance maternal and foetal care so that every baby arrives safely.
- Survive – by funding vital equipment, research and practice supporting premature babies, neonatal and urgent care (NICU) improving outcomes for babies born too soon.
- Thrive – by understanding the causes of premature birth, improving care and support for women with complicated pregnancies, and supporting excellence in early care, improving quality of life and life chances for premature and very sick babies. | <urn:uuid:a49452fb-d735-4e5a-858b-a59b0f52b742> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nmhfoundation.ie/about | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.930587 | 205 | 1.578125 | 2 |
La Cadena SER
(the SER Network) is Spain
's premier radio network
in terms of both seniority (it was created in 1926) and audience share (it had a regular listenership in 2009 of 4,819,000). The acronym SER stands for Sociedad Española de Radiodifusión
(Spanish Broadcasting Company).
Cadena SER's programmes – which encompass news, sport, talk, entertainment and culture – can be received throughout Spain. The network's main studios are located on the Gran Vía
; in addition, studios across the country contribute local and regional news and information, with local programming in each location amounting to between two and three and a half hours daily.
Cadena SER is owned by Unión Radio
, the majority shareholder in which is currently the PRISA
group, a major player in the Spanish media market which also controls, for example, such music radio stations as M80 Radio
and Los 40 Principales
and a number of newspapers (including the influential national daily El País
), as well as the digital TV station Digital+
At 18.30 on Friday 14 November 1924 station EAJ-1 Radio Barcelona, the first Spanish radio station to receive an official licence from the government of General Miguel Primo de Rivera
, began regular broadcasting. Seven months later, on 17 June 1925, Unión Radio – a company which had the backing of the leading manufacturers of electrical and broadcasting equipment in Spain, Germany, and the United States – opened station EAJ-7 Radio Madrid, and... Read More | <urn:uuid:aeaffbaa-ca34-45a5-9a1f-d1ada6c2bb36> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://pages.rediff.com/cadena-ser/899566 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00283-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942671 | 325 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Today’s post comes from Kris Jarosik, education specialist at the National Archives at Chicago.
During a recent teacher workshop, we partnered with the Forest Preserve District of DuPage County and used a website and app called Historypin to help teachers learn about the origins of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), a New Deal program, and the lasting impact in our community.
Historypin brings you out into a community and allows you to see changes in the landscape with primary sources, such as photographs, overlaid or “pinned” on Google maps.
You can do the same for your students, whether it’s creating your own Historypin tour or collection, or using pre-existing samples.
In the case of our workshop, we decided on a local topic that would benefit from a visual treatment to help students learn about change over time and cause and effect. The remnants of the McDowell Grove CCC camp offered lessons not only about the scope of this New Deal program, but also about changing values in natural resource management (the conservation movement and today’s environmentalists).
With these objectives in mind, we identified historical photographs from the National Archives, the Forest Preserve District of DuPage County, and other local repositories. Scanning these images, uploading to Historypin, and crafting captions came next. Historypin has created a downloadable guide and a set of “how to” video clips on YouTube to help. We used a Historypin collection for our McDowell Grove exploration since most of the camp remains are not currently available on Google Street View.
Taking a tour and viewing historic photographs on-site with mobile devices and the Historypin app can allow you to see something like in these screenshots captured by one of the teachers who participated in our workshop.
But if on-site, smartphone traversing is not feasible, head to the Historypin web site and have your students explore inside. The tour option works exceptionally well for a computer experience. For example, have students learn about the tumultuous 1960s with the National Archives’ 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago tour.
Thousands of cultural institutions and individuals around the world, including the National Archives and the Forest Preserve District of Du Page County, have Historypin profiles with tours and collections. Have fun and help your students connect with history by using primary sources and geography to travel back to the past. | <urn:uuid:29a209de-4537-4ea9-b139-6c3b65a15a8c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://education.blogs.archives.gov/2014/12/16/primary-sources-on-history-pin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00348-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898096 | 486 | 3.25 | 3 |
The explanation for the symbols of the Argentinian Flag
You can download it in different sizes, in a decidedly modern design for your personal use, or for wider use. Argentina's flag is available in 4 different sizes.
Any use of our flags on the web has to lead to a link to this page as the source
If the use is made in the context of a site generating income, or for the purpose of generating income, a DMCA statement (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) will be filed.
- Full name : Argentine Republic
- Currency in Argentina : Peso
- Total area : 1,073,518 square miles
- Capital of Argentina: Buenos Aires
- Biggest city : Buenos Aires
- Main Cities : Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Rosario, Mendoza
- Resolution: Icon Size: 200 x 133 px - Blog Size: 500 x 333 px - Website Size: 800 x 533 px - Wallpaper Size: 1500 x 1000 px.
- Keywords: Flag argentina wallpaper, Argentinian, Argentine Republic, National argentinian flag, banner, pictogram, country, icon, Argentina icon, international, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Rosario, Mendoza, South America.
- Several sizes are available, use them ! The size L corresponds rather to use on a personal website or a powerpoint. Finally size XL is dedicated to large format printing and wallpapers.
- This page has been viewed 5973 times.
- License for the flag: Free for personal use only, non-commercial use. | <urn:uuid:8401b931-b93a-4802-a179-229c0f0fff63> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.all-flags-world.com/country-flag/flag-argentina.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00132-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.760371 | 332 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Setting the Woods on Fire
Two weekends ago I received the call I had been waiting for. The necessary weather elements—temperature and relative humidity, among other variables—had combined to create great conditions for a prescribed forest fire. And better yet, I was invited to help!
Hands down, my favorite forest management activity is working alongside landowners to assist with controlled burns in Southeastern pine forests that are adapted to fire. This time, I’d be helping my uncle and aunt, who own forestland in northeast Georgia.
With so many catastrophic forest fires in the news, I often get asked, “Why would you want to burn a forest on purpose?” The answer is simple—and also complex.
In certain forest and other so-called “fire adapted” or even “fire dependent” ecosystems, prescribed fire is one of the most economical and ecologically-friendly tools landowners have to manage their land. Many Southeastern pine forests, such as longleaf pine, are well-adapted to survive and even regenerate after fire. Loblolly forests, such as the one we were going to be burning, can also benefit from prescribed fire.Rather than applying expensive chemical treatments or mechanical procedures to control shrubs and trees, over the past few decades land managers have learned how to apply a low-heat prescribed fire in a controlled setting that results in a vast array of benefits. Just one control burn can reduce wildfire hazard by decreasing the amount of “fuel” in a forest, improve habitat for wildlife species, reduce competition from undesired plants and shrubs, enhance appearance, and improve access—all at the same time.
Periodic prescribed fire in southern pine forests helps maintain a park-like appearance where the open canopy of the trees allows for sunlight to stream to the forest floor for plants to sprout and grow. These low-intensity fires also improve the quantity and quality of forbs, legumes and other vegetation that are important habitat for wildlife such as white-tailed deer, mourning doves, and wild turkey, allowing them to travel, forage and find shelter in these forests.
One of the first steps of planning for a safe and controlled prescribed fire is to establish fire breaks, or obstacles that are used to contain the fire within the burn area. My uncle and aunt had set the breaks and prepared the equipment (tractor, rakes, and water) before my arrival.All that was left to do was ignite a spark and carry it along the fire line. Donning my fire-resistant gear and holding a drip-torch in hand, I set off for another adventure in the woods. My job was to walk alongside the edge of a parcel, letting the drip torch do its job of “dripping” fire onto the pine needles so that the natural, low-burning flames would carry with the wind across the land to the next firebreak. It was a fantastic, tiring, and enlightening time (pun intended), and as is always the case with control burns, it also brought with it a learning opportunity.
On this brisk February afternoon, I learned how to put out a fire that I had mistakenly set in a specific wooded area. After a bit of miscommunication on my behalf, I accidentally lit a pine and hardwood section, which wasn’t supposed to be burned because it had a heavy fuel-load from the thick brush. Quickly the fire started growing and moving. Thankfully, right away my uncle drove over with the tractor and water tank to extinguish the larger flames as we raked and flapped out the smaller flames. Tensions and stakes were both high during this 30 minute time-span, but from my uncle and aunt’s proper preparations, the fire was effectively maintained and extinguished.
Later in the afternoon we spotted a young Timber Rattlesnake making its way across a firebreak to escape to a previously burned section of the woods. Keeping a safe distance, we were able to divert the snake into a nearby hole that it could burrow for shelter.
The benefits created from a control burn for wildlife habitat and shelter far outweigh the individual loss that potentially occurs from a fire. Most wildlife species are adapted to survive low-intensity burns and will burrow down in holes, climb to a safe height, or outrun the flames. For instance, my aunt and uncle’s controlled burn was specifically done to improve the habitat for the wild turkeys that populate the area, as this burn will open up the woody understory and help with the growth of native grasses, forbs and legumes.As the day came to end and the last flames slowly died down, I walked out of the woods knowing that the next time I returned, a myriad of understory plant species would be growing from where my drip torch had last been. But most importantly, I would hear and see the tell-tale signs of wildlife that will most certainly benefit from my time in the woods with a driptorch.
The National Wildlife Federation’s Southeast forestry program supports a wide array of sustainable forestry practices, including prescribed fire in the longleaf and other fire-adapted pine ecosystems. | <urn:uuid:e8c8f64b-f00b-4179-b323-d78a9c7dc4fd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.nwf.org/2016/02/setting-the-woods-on-fire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96867 | 1,061 | 2.953125 | 3 |
[rfc-dist] RFC 4577 on OSPF as the Provider/Customer Edge Protocol for BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
rfc-editor at rfc-editor.org
Mon Jun 26 12:17:29 PDT 2006
A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.
Title: OSPF as the Provider/Customer Edge
Protocol for BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private
Author: E. Rosen, P. Psenak,
Status: Standards Track
Date: June 2006
Mailbox: erosen at cisco.com,
ppsenak at cisco.com,
ppe at cisco.com
I-D Tag: draft-ietf-l3vpn-ospf-2547-06.txt
Many Service Providers offer Virtual Private Network (VPN) services
to their customers, using a technique in which customer edge routers
(CE routers) are routing peers of provider edge routers (PE
routers). The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is used to distribute
the customer's routes across the provider's IP backbone network, and
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is used to tunnel customer
packets across the provider's backbone. This is known as a "BGP/MPLS
IP VPN". The base specification for BGP/MPLS IP VPNs presumes that
the routing protocol on the interface between a PE router and a CE
router is BGP. This document extends that specification by allowing
the routing protocol on the PE/CE interface to be the Open Shortest
Path First (OSPF) protocol.
This document updates RFC 4364. [STANDARDS TRACK]
This document is a product of the Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks
Working Group of the IETF.
This is now a Proposed Standard Protocol.
STANDARDS TRACK: This document specifies an Internet standards track
protocol for the Internet community,and requests discussion and
suggestions for improvements.Please refer to the current edition of
the Internet Official Protocol Standards (STD 1) for the standardization
state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is
This announcement is sent to the IETF list and the RFC-DIST list.
Requests to be added to or deleted from the IETF distribution list
should be sent to IETF-REQUEST at IETF.ORG. Requests to be
added to or deleted from the RFC-DIST distribution list should
be sent to RFC-DIST-REQUEST at RFC-EDITOR.ORG.
Details on obtaining RFCs via FTP or EMAIL may be obtained by sending
an EMAIL message to rfc-info at RFC-EDITOR.ORG with the message body
help: ways_to_get_rfcs. For example:
To: rfc-info at RFC-EDITOR.ORG
Subject: getting rfcs
Requests for special distribution should be addressed to either the
author of the RFC in question, or to RFC-Manager at RFC-EDITOR.ORG. Unless
specifically noted otherwise on the RFC itself, all RFCs are for
Submissions for Requests for Comments should be sent to
RFC-EDITOR at RFC-EDITOR.ORG. Please consult RFC 2223, Instructions to RFC
Authors, for further information.
Joyce K. Reynolds and Sandy Ginoza
USC/Information Sciences Institute
More information about the rfc-dist | <urn:uuid:9225558f-a47d-409e-b8de-7e41e1a13909> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rfc-editor.org/pipermail/rfc-dist/2006-June/001294.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00092-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.771989 | 753 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Alex Jansen, who runs the Toronto-based multimedia production company Pop Sandbox, wanted to develop a video game to start a dialogue about gas pipelines. Judging by the political firestorm that followed the launch of his game, Pipe Trouble, he succeeded far better than he had hoped.
But it wasn't the conversation he originally had in mind.
Created as an online companion to a documentary on TVO, Ontario's public broadcaster, about opposition to gas pipelines in northeastern British Columbia, Pipe Trouble tasks players with building a pipeline that will satisfy both their cost-concerned boss as well as farmers and environmentalists.
But after the public saw a 40-second trailer for Pipe Trouble, in which protesters appeared to be blowing up a pipeline, discussion quickly turned from the game’s objective of balancing competing interests to whether it promoted extremism.
The trailer provoked the ire of countless media commentators and no less than three provincial premiers, and finally prompted TVO to remove the game from its website.
Pipe Trouble is one of a growing number of video games, which also includes the recently released BioShock Infinite, that aim to start discussion about a controversial political subject and continue the debate long after you've turned off the power switch.
Ian Bogost, a game designer and professor of interactive computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology, says that because of their interactivity, video games allow people to explore the intricacies of political issues in a more hands-on way than a book or film.
"You might say the structure of a good game matches the structure of a complex sociopolitical issue," says Bogost. "They’re particularly well-suited to one another."
The political dimension
Politics in video games aren't entirely new. Titles like Contra (1987) and Bad Dudes (1988) used fictional, Cold War-influenced settings as an easy-to-understand scenario for gameplay that involved good guys shooting bad guys. Desert Strike: Return to the Gulf (1992) put you in control of a U.S. Apache helicopter in the middle of the 1991 Persian Gulf War.
Balance of Power (1985) assumed a broader perspective, inviting the player to build a worldwide empire from either the American or the Soviet point of view.
One of the more successful environmentally minded games in recent years is Anno 2070. Published by Ubisoft in 2011, the game explores the implications of climate change. In it, the player must build a near-future civilization while choosing to either side with the Ecos, who use wind farms and alternate sources of energy, or Global Trust, a multinational corporation that relies on fossil fuels and coal.
Neither side is portrayed as morally superior to the other (although the Ecos representatives seem more cheerful than the buttoned-down CEO of Global Trust). Both organizations take pot shots at each other, but there are no particular benefits or drawbacks to either side — joining Global Trust, for example, doesn't make you the villain.
The hubbub over Pipe Trouble highlights one of the pitfalls of creating a provocative game: miscommunication.
Pipe Trouble doesn't actually encourage players to bomb pipelines; in the game, pipelines only explode when the player has failed to balance the needs of big business and the environment.
In response to public criticism from Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne, Alberta Premier Alison Redford, B.C. Premier Christy Clark and Federal Heritage Minister James Moore, Pop Sandbox put out a media release saying Pipe Trouble was "the victim of rampant misinformation," and clarified that "at no point does a player assume the role of an 'eco-terrorist' or engage in any act of vandalism or bombing as has been reported."
The debate over Pipe Trouble is a textbook example of Bogost's warning to game developers about not letting the subject matter overtake the gameplay.
"The media, when we talk about specific games, tend not to be familiar with them or not to have played them. One of the biggest patterns is that it doesn't matter what the game actually is, does or is saying — once you get to the point where you're talking about the idea of a game that is about X, then it's almost as though it's another object," he says.
Large publishers tend to favour playability and popularity over the need to tackle hot-button issues.
In 2010, Electronic Arts announced details about its first-person shooter Medal of Honor, which was set in Afghanistan. EA suggested that in addition to U.S and other allied forces, gamers would have the option of playing Taliban fighters.
Military officials said their inclusion offended the families of soldiers who were killed in recent conflicts in Afghanistan and the Middle East. EA eventually relented and the word "Taliban" was replaced with the phrase "opposing force" in the multiplayer mode.
Gameplay is No. 1
EA's change to Medal of Honor caused headlines when it happened, but players didn’t seem to notice — the name of your character in the game has no impact on how the game plays, so the story quickly blew over.
"I guess the fundamental point of any game is that it's supposed to be fun. You can have a heavy-handed political game, but if it's not fun, then who's going to play it?" says Toronto-based games and technology writer Peter Nowak.
"That's not to mean that a fun game can’t have something to say," says Nowak, comparing it to films such as Argo and Zero Dark Thirty, which used political events — such as the 1979 Iranian hostage crisis and the killing of Osama bin Laden, respectively — as launching points for entertainment that can also inform.
One of the gaming industry’s biggest releases, Bioshock Infinite, is set in a fictionalized 1912. At its core, it's a first-person shooter set in a flying city called Columbia.
But despite the fantastical setting and bright, sunlit landscapes, its imagery invokes some of the darkest chapters of American history.
References include the 1893 Chicago World's Fair to the 1890 Massacre at Wounded Knee. Rich white business owners dominate Black, Irish and Asian inhabitants in a satirical take on slavery and racial segregation. A rebel faction called the Vox Populi has been compared to the recent Occupy movement.
Director Ken Levine’s provocative take on turn-of-the-century American exceptionalism runs in stark contrast to the relatively jingoistic storylines of shooters like Call of Duty.
Despite Bioshock Infinite's unusual setting and political nature, the title nonetheless topped the U.K. sales charts a week after its release and it currently enjoys a 95 average on Metacritic, the online review aggregator, making it the top-rated game of 2013 so far.
While the initial confusion surrounding the smaller-scale Pipe Trouble caused headaches for its designer, the flurry of reaction proves that, at the very least, people are paying attention to this evolving medium.
Bogost says that the general public will eventually become as accustomed to engaging in political dimensions and sometimes difficult discussions through video games as they are through film, books or television.
"The more variety and the greater in number they are, then the less frightening and the less unfamiliar they will become." | <urn:uuid:a8f5c57b-1745-453e-8b91-2dc17427fd10> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/news/can-video-games-be-political-1.1405936 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00035-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956448 | 1,482 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Keeping a Close Eye on Michigan v. Bay Mills Indian Community (Jefferson Keel and John Echohawk):
Since it was established in 2001, the National Congress of American Indians and the Native American Rights Fund have jointly coordinated the work of the Tribal Supreme Court Project. The Project was established by tribal leaders in response to a series of devastating losses for Indian tribes before the Supreme Court of the United States. As you may recall, tribes were losing 3 out of every 4 Indian law cases argued before the Court and resulted in decisions significantly eroding the doctrine of inherent tribal sovereignty. Our work has focused on coordinating tribal resources throughout Indian country and bringing the best legal minds to the table to develop litigation strategies to put forward the strongest legal arguments when litigation could not be avoided. But our message to tribes became and remains: “Stay away from the Supreme Court!”
During its early years, the Project experienced relative success with tribes increasing their winning percentage to greater than 50%—winning 4, losing 3, and 2 draws in the 9 Indian law cases heard by the Rehnquist Court. But since 2005, with the installment of John Roberts as Chief Justice, the retirement of Justices O’Connor, Souter and Stevens, the tribes winning percentage has plummeted to 10%—with 1 win and 9 losses in the 10 Indian law cases heard by the Roberts Court. And neither Chief Justice Roberts nor Justice Alito has voted in favor of tribal interests in a single case!
With this background, we recently read the State of Michigan’s opening brief in Michigan v. Bay Mills Indian Community–a case granted review by the Court even though the United States had filed a brief recommending that cert be denied. Although this litigation should be about the merits of Bay Mills’ claims under the Michigan Indian Land Claims Settlement Act to conduct gaming on lands acquired with settlement funds—it is not. In its current posture before the Court, the State of Michigan is using this case to mount a full frontal attack on tribal sovereign immunity and the authority of states to regulate “gaming activity” under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA).
First, Michigan asks the Court to examine “IGRA as a whole” to find Congressional intent to waive of tribal sovereign immunity or, in the alternative, to overrule Santa Clara Pueblo and apply a “less strict standard” when considering whether legislation such as IGRA abrogates tribal sovereign immunity. Second, if the statutory arguments are not successful, Michigan asks the Court to recognize that tribal sovereign immunity “is a federal common law doctrine” created by this Court and subject to adjustment by this Court. Thus, according to Michigan, the Court should narrowly read Kiowa as a “contract-based ruling” and (at the extreme) hold that a tribe’s immunity is limited to its on-reservation governmental functions.
With the doctrine of tribal sovereign immunity and the authority of states under IGRA on the table, this case has become high-stakes litigation for Indian tribes across the country. Although Bay Mills and other tribes have solid legal arguments to make to the Court, the optics and politics of this case do not bode well for a good outcome. The last time the doctrine of tribal sovereign immunity was before the Court was in Madison County v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York back in 2010. Madison County, the State of New York and other local governments had filed briefs taking aggressive approaches similar to the State of Michigan. Their positions were supported by a number of other states, local governments and non-Indian property rights organizations as amicus parties. In response to similar concerns expressed here, the Oneida Indian Nation passed a resolution which irrevocably waived its sovereign immunity and resulted in the Court vacating and remanding the case to the lower courts for further proceedings on the merits. Although that result may be difficult to replicate, our hope is that the on-going efforts by the Bay Mills Indian Community to find an alternative resolution to this case, or at least change the posture of this case before the Court, will bear fruit.
To repeat our message to all tribes: “Stay away from the Supreme Court!” | <urn:uuid:96f0b2a6-6412-4969-bcd2-ab6ad2d0c843> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://turtletalk.wordpress.com/2013/09/04/guest-post-keeping-a-close-eye-on-michigan-v-bay-mills-indian-community-jefferson-keel-and-john-echohawk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00175-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947541 | 854 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The 1959 Ford Sunliner
|A Good Horse Is As Hard To
Find As A Good Wife
You know in the early West, a good horse was about as
hard to find as a good wife. You see a scout depended
on his horse, he had to move out faster, travel harder,
and cover more ground than any other type.
a good performing car should be like that, like my new
Ford over here. Next to the Thunderbird it'self there's
not another car that can touch it for pure Mustang performance.
Come on, I'll take it for a spin and show you what I
mean. You like that take-off, a Ford really moves out
when you put the spurs in, that's because of its Thunderbird
There's a Thunderbird V8 up front and it's
a lot of engine. And the best part is it delivers most
power where you need it most, between the speeds of
30 and 70, like right now for instance.
See what I mean,
your've always got that extra surge of power there when
you need it. Now let's take it up where the air gets
thin. This Ford climbs and corners like it was born
here in the mountains. It's really an exciting car! | <urn:uuid:ad85e222-25e7-423f-9957-5cef15cbaa5b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://uniquecarsandparts.com/classic_car_commercials_ford_25.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00426-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962889 | 269 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Sago Palm care is pretty simple and straight forward. This plant is big and green with an interesting trunk and adds a feeling of warmth not captured by every plant. In this plant rescue, I found a Sago Palm, formally known as “Cycas revoluta” and wanted to give it a try.
I have never had a palm before so I was really interested on the growth and how it would heal. These plants are large and bold and since I don’t have a ton a room on my sill, I decided to keep it outside. Besides, these plants love hot air. The best way to get it on the mend is put it in some bright light with warm temps.
Sago Palm Care Tips:
Soil: Pick up a Palm mix such as this one here. If you find yourself with a palm and don’t have a pre-mixed soil, use a cactus mix or succulent mix. Maybe add in some bark or orchid bark to make the soil loose and airy, Big picture is that you want your palm to to be in a soil that drains really well and drys out quickly.
Water: Give your palm a drink when the soil is dry. Water more frequently during the growing season, spring to summer.
Fertilize: Palms can be sensitive to fertilizer, but if you must, fertilize with an organic fertilize during spring and into the summer. Super simple:
Light: Bright light is best. It is after all a palm tree! If putting your plant in the outside, give it bright light, but shade from hot afternoon sun. Consider placing in a spot with morning light and shade in afternoon. Indoor, place in a bright window. These plants can also tolerate a lower light.
If you are into rescuing plants then you might like this Birds Nest Fern plant rescue. | <urn:uuid:327853be-7ea3-45da-8da8-998acb05f0cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://suburbansill.com/cycas-revoluta-palm-tree-for-your-table-sago-palm-care/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.958191 | 385 | 2.21875 | 2 |
by Charles Hugh Smith, DailyReckoning:
How would you describe the social mood of the nation and world?
Would anti-Establishment, anti-status quo, and anti-globalization be a good start? How about choking on fast-rising debt? Would stagnant growth, stagnant wages be a fair description? Or how about rising wealth/income inequality? Wouldn’t rising disunity and political polarization be accurate?
These are all characteristics of the long-wave social-economic cycle that is entering the disintegrative (winter) phase. Souring social mood, loss of purchasing power, stagnating wages, rising inequality, devaluing currencies, rising debt, political polarization and elite disunity are all manifestations of this phase.
There is a template for global instability, one that has been repeated throughout history…
Historian Peter Turchin explores the historical cycles of social disintegration and integration in his new book Ages of Discord.
Turchin finds 25-year cycles that combine into roughly 50-year cycles. These 50-year cycles are part of longer 150 to 200-year cycles that move from cooperation through an age of discord and disintegration to a new era of cooperation.
That we have entered an era of rising instability and uncertainty is self-evident. There will always be areas of instability in any era, but instability and uncertainty are now the norm globally.
Turchin’s model identifies three primary forces in these cycles:
An over-supply of labor that suppresses real (inflation-adjusted) wages
An overproduction of essentially parasitic Elites
A deterioration in central state finances (over-indebtedness, decline in tax revenues, increase in state dependents, fiscal burdens of war, etc.)
These combine to influence the broader social mood, which is characterized in eras of discord by fragmented loyalty to self-serving special interests (disintegration) and in eras of cooperation by a desire and willingness to cooperate and compromise for the good of the entire society (integration).
Rising discord can be quantified in a Political Stress Index. Do we find evidence of Turchin’s disintegrative forces in the present era?
Stagnating real wages due to oversupply of labor: check.
Overproduction of parasitic Elites: check.
Deterioration in central state finances: check.
Is it any wonder that political stress, however you want to measure it, is rising?
Cycles are the result of the interaction of complex dynamics, and so they are not entirely predictable in terms of pinpointing the exact moment of crisis or the outcome of a systemic crisis.
These long cycles parallel the cyclical analysis of David Hackett Fischer, whose masterwork The Great Wave: Price Revolutions and the Rhythm of History.
In Fischer’s well-documented view, there is a grand cycle of prices and wages which turn on the simple but profound law of supply and demand; all else is detail.
As a people prosper and multiply, the demand for goods like food and energy outstrips supply, causing eras of rising prices.
Long periods of stable prices (supply increases along with demand) beget rising wages and widespread prosperity. Once population and financial demand outstrip supply of food and energy — a situation often triggered by a series of catastrophically poor harvests — then the stability decays into instability as shortages develop and prices spike.
These junctures of great poverty, insecurity and unrest set the stage for wars, revolutions and pandemics.
It is remarkable that the very conditions so troubling us now were also present in the price rises of the 13th, 16th and 18th centuries.
Unfortunately, those cycles did not have Disney endings: the turmoil of the 13th century brought war and a series of plagues which killed 40% of Europe’s population; the 16th century’s era of rising prices tilled fertile ground for war, and the 18th century’s violent revolutions and resultant wars can be traced directly to the unrest caused by spiking prices.
(The very day that prices for bread reached their peak in Paris, an angry mob tore down the Bastille prison, launching the French Revolution.)
After a gloriously long run of stable prices in the 19th century — prices were essentially unchanged in Britain between 1820 and 1900 —the 20th century was one of steadily increasing prices.
Fischer challenges the notion that all inflation is monetary; the supply of money (gold and silver) rose spectacularly in the 19th century but prices barely budged. In a similar fashion, eras of rising prices have seen stable money supplies.
Monetary inflation can lead to hyper-inflation, of course, but there are always mitigating factors in those circumstances. Fischer argues the long wave is not one of hyper-inflation but of supply and demand imbalances undoing the social order.
Americans are inherently suspicious of anything which seems to threaten constraint of the American Dream; thus it is not surprising that cycles of history are largely unknown in the U.S. As Fischer explains:
This collective amnesia is partly the consequence of an attitude widely shared among decision-makers in America, that history is more or less irrelevant to the urgent problems before them.
Please follow SGT Report on Twitter & help share the message. | <urn:uuid:03408369-c5e5-4991-aea9-42db08dc49e1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sgtreport.com/2016/12/the-approaching-winter-the-super-cycle-has-turned/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00073-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934431 | 1,099 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Chemistry - the Complete Course Series, teaches students quantitative reasoning to solve chemistry problems. The 30 volume series covers all aspects of Chemistry from density to the mole, to molarity, stoichiometry and equilibrium. It demonstrates how to ask meaningful questions and conduct careful investigations to build knowledge of chemical and physical concepts and develop the skills to solve mathematical and scientific problems. The term "percent composition" is always understood to mean percent composition by mass, even though it may not be specifically stated as such. Calculating the percent composition of a compound involves determining what percentage of the total mass of the compound is comprised of each of the elements present in the compound. This volume teaches sometimes the formula of the compound is given, and the percent composition can be determined from the formula. The term "empirical formula" is sometimes called the "simplest formula." the general concept of empirical formulas and how they are related to molecular formulas. | <urn:uuid:b9058223-2c12-46fd-8692-f1f6e0bb6c85> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.moviesunlimited.com/chemistry-percent-composition-and-empirical/709629085114 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00147-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93285 | 187 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Hackers were behind a cyber attack on Ukraine in December that had real offline consequences: A blackout that killed electricity to roughly 700,000 homes.
On December 23, around half the homes in Ukraine's Ivano-Frankivsk region lost power for at least a few hours. Initially reported in Ukrainian media as being caused by hackers, cybersecurity experts have now confirmed that was the case, saying the power company was infected with malicious software.
"It's certainly not surprising," Joanie Myers, a cybersecurity expert with Strategic Link Partners, told Tech Insider in a phone interview. "If you look at the power grid, it's a set of snapped-in associations ... an attack against one piece of it can cause multiple pieces to fail."
Cybersecurity researchers with iSIGHT Partners obtained the malware — believed to be the "BlackEnergy" trojan virus — and told Ars Technica an attack such as this one against an energy provider was "the major scenario we've all been concerned about for so long."
Ukraine's security service blamed the incident on Russia, though tracing the source of the attack is still an open question.
"In its simplest form, a piece of malware can have an array of capabilities," Myers said. "It can affect the ability of the device to boot. Different types of malware can destroy parts of a hard drive."
Here's how Black Energy works, according to an excellent summary from ESET Security:
The cyberattackers sent out emails to their targets using spoofed addresses (those that look like they came from someone else) from Ukrainian parliament members. Inside was a Microsoft Excel attachment enticing the victim to run a macro, or a tiny computer command. Once it was run, the computer was infected — giving the attacker the ability to control the computer, delete files, or in the case of this attack, make the system unbootable.
Though this is the first time hackers have managed to cut electricity using online methods, there have been other cyber attacks on physical infrastructure. A US-created virus called "Stuxnet" wreaked havoc on Iranian nuclear sites in 2009, while a hack on a German steel mill in 2014 caused "massive damage." | <urn:uuid:2569d881-5c36-46a2-8433-8bb61fa1a847> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.businessinsider.com/cyberattack-blackout-ukraine-2016-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967956 | 444 | 2.71875 | 3 |
ABOUT MBBS in EUROPE
Europe is one of the best places to study medicine in the world. With the maximum number of the seats for MBBS in Europe, it has become the first preference of foreign students. Today, it has become one of the best choices of the millions of the young male and female aspirants planning for MBBS in Europe from the top European Universities. Let us know more about Europe.
The demand of MBBS in Europe has remarkably increased in the last one decade on account of the high standard of the education prevailing there. The continent has a great number of the colleges to choose MBBS in Europe not only for the local residents but also for the international students coming from the varied family and educational background. Explore right now for more information on the different courses provided in medicine
It is always advised to Indian students to study in universities that are approved by the Medical Council of India so that after you’ve completed your course of study you can go back to India and continue your practice over there. The only thing required from a person who has completed their medical study in any foreign country is to clear the MCI Screening Test.
MBBS in Europe at a Glance
There are no entrance test results required for getting an admission. In India for scoring an admission into a reputed college, you have to clear their entrance test exam and then you get an admission. However, for MBBS program/courses in Europe your admission is determined on the basis of your performance in the 12th standard. Students who secure more than 60% in 12th standard can easily get an admission in a good college in Europe.
|Last Date to Apply||31st September|
|Eligibility Criteria||10+2 (Science) with 50% & NEET Qualified|
|Minimum Course Fees||2.45 Lacs Per Year|
|English Proficiency||IELTS required only for Georgia with 5.5 Band|
|Minimum Living Cost||12 Thousand Per Month|
|Medium of Instruction||Only English|
|Course Duration||6 Years|
STANDARD OF LIVING IN EUROPE
The development in Europe has been beyond the expectation in the last two decade. There has been remarkable growth across sectors resulting in the overall development. Today, people in the European countries are health conscious and give due importance to education. The literacy rate has improved and the modern luxuries have made the lifestyle in Europe colorful. People here enjoy comfortable living and a life filled with joy, adventure and excitement. Students pursuing MBBS in Europe can certainly take the pleasure of the high living standard in Europe.
There has been a good percentage of development in the industrial sector. It has helped the locals and students also find the varied source of earning opportunities helping in generating good amount of money. People in Europe are employed in private and government sectors. Good sections of the people in the society are also engaged in running the wide variety of the businesses and thus enjoy life filled with delight.
The Medical universities facilitating MBBS in Europe are well-equipped with the hi-tech sound system in libraries, meeting rooms, smart classrooms, internet supported systems, spacious classroom, clean floors, healthy environment, green surrounding, and of course state-of the art buildings. There are sufficient space for practical and workshops conducted from time to time as a part of the MBBS study programs in European countries.
WEATHER CONDITION IN EUROPE
The climate in Europe is moderate and suitable for the students coming from the countries experiencing the different weather conditions. The overall atmosphere in the different season is temperate and loved by the students travelling for MBBS in Europe. So there is no need to worry about the climate. It is suitable for all and offers good living conditions.
MEDICAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE
The two major bodies MCI and WHO has recognized the Medical Courses in Europe. It is followed in all the European countries. The medical syllabus is designed under the expert observation of the highly qualified subject matter experts (SMEs) from different educational background to ensure the high quality course curriculum.
The approved curriculum focuses on grooming the professional for a better career tomorrow. Therefore, the Indian students are not required to worry about the medical syllabus. Students should go ahead for MBBS in Europe and work hard to complete the course in medicine with good ranking.
The syllabus for MBBS in Europe is duly endorsed by the following governing bodies:• Medical Council of India (MCI)
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER)
- Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG)
- Ministry of Education, Europe
- World Federation of Medical Education (WFME)
Check Out Our Recent blog post on STUDYING IN THE TOP MEDICAL COLLEGES OF EUROPE FOR A BETTER FUTURE
MBBS IN EUROPE : TOP MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES IN EUROPE 2020
|UNIVERSITY||COUNTRY||LANGUAGE||IELTS||DURATION||TOTAL COST APPROX.|
|Teaching University Geomedi||Georgia||English||Required 5.5 Bands ||5.5 Years||27 Lacs|
|OO Bogomolets Kyiv Medical University||Ukraine||English||Not Required||6 Years||27 Lacs|
|Kyiv Medical University||Ukraine||English||Not Required||6 Years||24 Lacs|
|Yerevan Haybusak Medical University||Armenia||English||Not Required||6 Years||22 Lacs|
|Tbilisi State Medical University||Georgia||English||Required 6 Bands||6 Years||32 Lacs|
|New Vision University||Georgia||English||Required 5.5 Bands||6 Years||29 Lacs|
|Yerevan State Medical University||Armenian||English / Armenian||Not Required||6 Years||25 Lacs|
|Odessa National Medical University||Ukraine||English||Not Required||6 Years||27 Lacs|
|Sumy State University||Ukraine||English||Not Required||6 Years||25 Lacs|
|Mari State University||Russia||English and Russian||Not Required||6 Years||25 Lacs|
|National Medical University||Russia||English and Russian||Not Required||6 Years||26 Lacs|
|Pskov State University||Russia||English and Russian||Not Required||6 Years||25 Lacs|
- Tuition fee for the MBBS Course in the European University
- Accommodation in college hostel for the entire MBBS program duration
- Cost of food and living during the course
- Miscellaneous expenses include resident permit extension, text books, health insurance, etc.
TOP 6 ADVANTAGES OF STUDYING MBBS IN EUROPE
- World-class education system
- Curriculum in medicine duly approved by MCI and WHO apart from the other global organizations working in the health sector
- No capitation or donation
- No entrance test
- Good living standard at low cost
- State-of-the art infrastructure
STUDY MEDICINE IN EUROPE
It is surely true that pursuing MBBS in Europe is reasonable compared to that of India. In India, the entrance examinations are quite difficult, and the competition level is high. Though, this is not relevant in the case of Europe. In fact, the admission system is a lot easier due to which it has begun attracting different Indian medical aspirers. If you go for the same, you can be guaranteed that the MBBS degree that you get will be valid both in UK and USA. If you are getting confused about it, you must choose Study Sevenseas. This platform all set to help you in a great manner to get in top universities.
Completing the Primary Eligibility Criteria:
If you desire to Study MBBS in Europe, you will just have to fulfil two primary eligibility criteria:
- 17 years is the minimum age condition for an applicant applying for MBBS in Europe
- You should have completed 10+2 or any other equivalent examination with 60% Marks in the subjects like Physics, Biology and Chemistry
- For students belonging to reserved categories Scheduled Tribes (ST) / Scheduled Caste (SC) / Other Backward Class (OBC) the required qualifying percentage is 40%
EUROPE – THE BEST DESTINATION FOR MBBS STUDY
There are a good number of the factors that makes Europe the best destination for the MBBS Program. The career in medical field is the first preference of the modern day youth including males and females. But only a limited percentage of the aspirants are found to be fortunate enough in fulfilling their desire of becoming medical professional. There are certain terms and eligibility criteria that one need to fulfill in order to confirm admission for the MBBS course in a top medical university in India. The percentage of students looking for admission to MBBS in Europe is continuously growing because of the several favorable reasons.
The development in the European countries is truly unbelievable across the fields. The standard of education today is matchless and Europe at present has become the favorite destination for the students not only from India but from all over the world. The development in the European countries is truly unbelievable across the fields. The standard of education today is matchless and Europe at present has become the favorite destination for the students not only from India but from all over the world.
WHY INDIAN STUDENTS PREFER MBBS IN EUROPE?
There is certainly a tough competition in India for the admission to MBBS studies. The number of the applicants applying for MBBS in Europe is more than any other continent in the world. The total number of the seats available for MBBS in European nations is much more than the total applications received every year. Moreover, the total cost of Study MBBS in Europe is comparatively low. As a result of it, students from India are more interested in seeking admission in the MCI and WHO approved colleges in Europe to achieve their dream of completing course in medicines from abroad.
Let us understand the important facts playing great role in making students take decision for the admission in the International Universities for the medicinal studies.
- The applicants in India appearing for the Medical Entrance Test every year is 10,00,000 approx. while the seats for MBBS across the country is 50,000 approx. Thus, the percentage of the applicants in congruence to the available seats for MBBS in India is extremely less.
- Out of the 335 medical colleges in the country, 154 are run by government and 181 are run by private educational organizations resulting in more struggle for the admission
- The admission process and the eligibility criteria in private medical colleges is comparatively challenging
- The capitation fee in most of the private medical colleges generally range from 15 – 25 lakh which is beyond the reach of middle-class candidates
- The yearly fee in the reputed MBBS colleges is 4-6 lakh which is again very high for a low income family
- Only a limited percentage of the aspirants are able to fulfill their dream of seeking admission to MBBS study program in Indian Medical Universities
With globalization, the world has become a small family. Now the dream of students will not be shattered because MBBS aspirants can easily seek confirm admission in the top international universities in Europe. There are many advantages an Indian candidate can enjoy by going for MBBS in Europe. We at Study Sevenseas are a trusted Study Abroad Admission consultant recognized as a single destination for the total MBBS in Europe admission solution.
WHY GO FOR MBBS STUDIES IN EUROPE?
Europe is one of the developing continents in the world. The unbelievable percentage of the growth in the European nations has been attracting visitors from across the globe. Today, candidates from the various parts prefer pursuing the medical course from Europe. There are a many good to know reasons why candidates choose MBBS in Europe.
Let us have a look on the key reasons:
- Medical course curriculum in English only
- Affordable cost of living
- Affordable course fee
- Medical course curriculum approved by MCI and WHO
- Opportunity to explore your potential
- Global platform and global contacts
- Medical Degrees recognized worldwide.
- Quality Education at comparative tuition fee
- Freedom of thoughts, idea sharing, etc.
- Listed in World Directory of Medical Colleges.
- Passing IELTS or TOEFL is not essential
- Experienced and professional faculties
- Personal guidance to average students
- Safe and engaging environment for perfect preparation
WHY CHOOSE STUDY SEVENSEAS FOR STUDY ABROAD CONSULTING?
There is no doubt in the true fact that there are a lot of technicalities involved in the Overseas Studies Admission procedure. But the positive thing today is that there are a number of the experienced consultants engaged in providing Study Abroad Consulting Services to the parents who need the consulting services for the successful admission of their children in the preferred medical universities to study MBBS in Georgia or in other European nations.
In the last one decade, the percentage of the candidates planning overseas education has increased tremendously. You will come across many factors that will give you reasons to prefer Study Sevenseas for Overseas Education Consulting. We assure you of memorable experience always.
ADVANTAGES WITH STUDY SEVENSEAS
- Highly trained counselors
- Over 500 VISAS processed
- Low processing fee
- One-stop destination for total MBBS Abroad Admission solution in Delhi
- Courteous and professional services
- 24×7 support and transparent dealings | <urn:uuid:4fe9c6b7-feac-4af6-8883-f8e63c88d161> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.studysevenseas.com/mbbs-in-europe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.926341 | 2,817 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Contributor: William Charles Caccamise, Sr, MD, Retired Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
*Dr. Caccamise has very generously shared his images of patients taken while operating during the "eye season" in rural India as well as those from his private practice during the 1960's and 1970's. Many of his images are significant for their historical perspective and for techniques and conditions seen in settings in undeveloped areas.
Category: External Disease
Acute episcleritis - watch for development of nodular scleritis.
Episcleritis with keratitis
This patient is typical of the majority of episcleritis cases, i.e. a female in her late 40s. Corneal infiltration can be seen in juxtaposition to the episcleritis.
Bilateral episcleritis - with ulcerative colitis
This young scholar had recurrent episcleritis - bilateral - with flare-ups in his ulcerative colitis. Googling " ulcerative colitis and episcleritis " will produce several pertinent articles.
Contributor: Hilary A. Beaver, MD and Jordan M. Graff, MD, University of Iowa
There is a localized episcleritis, without nodularity. The patient has no known systemic disease (including no inflammatory bowel disease nor rheumatoid arthritis). Note the violacious color of the inflammed section. The remainder of the sclera and episclera in this eye and the contralateral eye remain white and quiet.
Ophthalmic Atlas Images by EyeRounds.org, The University of Iowa are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. | <urn:uuid:df55b9b9-880e-4db0-b1ee-b32f9763b6d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eyerounds.org/atlas/pages/episcleritis.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.920866 | 376 | 1.601563 | 2 |
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Public Groupactive 1 year, 6 months ago
Start every day by exceeding your schedule and filling in almost any blanks. Beginning each day understanding what has to be accomplished, enables you to concentrate on significant things that lead to you reaching your goals. Review your daily schedule, making sure you havent adopted an excessive amount of.
Begin every day by considering your schedule, making certain it is well organized. By learning how your days activities are planned, you may reach your goals. Go over your schedule carefully to successfully havent overbooked yourself.
Prioritize all of your tasks. Unimportant or less urgent tasks may take up too much time. Ordering your tasks depending on what exactly is most significant enables you to target the most essential ones. Start off with a to-do list, and set the most important chores at the top of their list.
Each morning after waking up, require time for planning the morning. Produce a note of the you intend to complete, and allot a period for every task. Keeping a day-to-day plan keeps yourself on an effective path.
In terms of managing your time, deadlines are often very helpful. When certain tasks have specific dates where they need finishing, you might be motivated to complete what it takes to complete the task. Make sure to set deadlines for many tasks which you have. This procedure can be employed in many different situations.
Give yourself some room when you need to complete big projects. Large items will take a considerable amount of time, 6 ring planner wallet and things can and do happen in the midst of them. Things can get complicated and take longer than you would expect. Schedule in a few extra time like a buffer.
Complete tasks immediately that warrant attention. If you are busy, do them later. If theres everything that arises routinely, turn it into a habit so that it doesnt consistently interrupt your to-do list.
jointly published by Merrill V. Elrod | <urn:uuid:a403ea0e-315b-44a7-b4a5-5470a20a2e7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://okeepo.co.uk/groups/ernest-mchugh-everyone-will-need-to-have-some-time-management-strategies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.949328 | 413 | 2.015625 | 2 |
As vacation time rolls around each year, the same question starts to turn up in our search referrers over and over again: how not to look like a tourist. It’s not just the search referrers, either: it seems a lot of you are worried about looking like tourists when you’re off, well, being tourists, basically, and we guess our first question for you has to be WHY?
How not to look like a tourist
Why are you worried about looking like a tourist?
Maybe it’s just us, but this always strikes us as a bit of a strange thing to stress over. The fact is, when you travel, you ARE a tourist – and there’s nothing wrong with that. Travel broadens the mind, and is one of the best learning experiences you’ll ever have: why spend the time worrying over whether you’re blending in with the locals? In fact, why, for that matter, try to blend in at all? Sure, you should always make the effort to learn about the cultural norms of the place you’re visiting, so that you can avoid inadvertently offending someone by being dressed inappropriately, but trying to adopt the current fashions of your destination seems a tiny bit pointless, unless you genuinely happen to love them. At the end of the day, you’re NOT a local, and it’s unlikely you’ll be fooling anyone anyway, so our golden rule of tourist fashion has always been this:
Dress for the climate, the customs, and the activity, and don’t worry about looking like a “local”.
In general, using clothing to pretend to be something you’re not is often a bad idea, as you’ll only end up feeling uncomfortable, and like you’re wearing a costume. In addition to this, desperately trying to “blend in” and “look like a local” will often backfire, unless you’re very familiar with what the locals ACTUALLY wear. Quite often there’s a huge difference between how you THINK people from a particular country or city will dress, and how they REALLY dress. Get it wrong, and you’ll just become a laughing stock: or, even worse, end up offending people who’ll feel like you’re making fun of them. For instance, most French people don’t walk around in berets, with strings of garlic around their necks. Scottish people wear kilts only for very formal occasions, and will find it hilarious when you rock up bedecked in tartan and believing you’re fitting right in. (We speak from experience on this one…) So don’t try to adopt a costume based on how you THINK people dress. Instead, think about:
1. What kind of weather you can reasonably expect at your destination.
2. What sort of activities you’ll be taking part in.
3. What are the cultural norms: i.e., will you be expected to cover your head or arms in certain places, or are there religious rules of dress which you’ll need to observe.
Once you’ve answered these basic questions, the next one should be relatively simple:
Ask yourself how you’d normally dress in those conditions/situations
Expecting hot weather at your destination? How would you dress for those kind of temperatures at home? Going to be spending a lot of time outdoors, maybe hiking or camping? OK, then how would you dress for a hike in your own country? Planning long days of city sightseeing? You probably have a city close to home (or live in one yourself) which you visit from time to time: what do you wear when you do that? Aside from the obvious religious/cultural sensitivities, your clothing as a tourist doesn’t actually need to be all that different from the kind of clothing you’d wear at home for similar kinds of activities. Why buy a whole new wardrobe, or force yourself to wear clothes that aren’t really “you” just so you can try to hide the fact that you’re on vacation, and trick everyone into believing you’re one of the locals? Just be yourself, don’t worry too much about what you’re wearing, and enjoy the wonder of travel!
Still want to know how not to look like a tourist?
Just in case we haven’t managed to convince you not to stress, here are some specific tips to make sure your tourist status remains your own guilty guilty secret:
1. Don’t wear white sneakers or Crocs
Now, we know you’d never DREAM of wearing Crocs anyway – for anything – but if you really don’t want people to know you’re a tourist, leave the blinding white sneakers at home. You’ll still want some comfortable footwear, especially if you’re planning on doing a lot of walking and sightseeing, but trust us: there ARE other options…
2. Avoid bumbags (fanny packs) and huge rucksacks
Yes, they’re convenient. But you may as well hang a sign on your head saying, “Hi, I’m a tourist!” And you don’t want THAT now, do you?
3. Put the camera away
You’re on vacation, so you’re going to want to take some photos. Resist the urge to snap every little thing you see, though, or people will realise you’re a tourist. Either that or a fashion blogger. It’s up to you to decide which is worse.
4. And the map
We don’t want you to get lost, but only tourists try to open up a giant map on a crowded subway. Work out your route in advance or download an app for your phone instead.
5. Avoid sportswear and baseball caps
Not all countries employ the “sportswear as daywear” rule we have in the UK and US, so dressing like you’re part of your national football team (British men are particularly guilty of this when abroad: that England strip is a dead giveway that you’re not from round here, you know…), or wearing any kind of branded sportswear or baseball cap will mark you out as clearly as that sign for your forehead.
6.Dress a little better than you would at home
We’re not saying you need to dress like you’re attending the Oscars, but very causal (read “slobbish”) clothing MAY make you stand out in some countries just as much as being “all dressed up” can do here in the UK or US. If you’re worried about going too far in the opposite direction and end up sticking out like the proverbial sore thumb, go for a “your usual self, but better” approach, and just smarten things up a notch. Even if you DO still look like a tourist, well, at least you’ll be a well-dressed one… | <urn:uuid:17039e57-db08-4756-866a-f237d23564b2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.thefashionpolice.net/2013/06/how-not-to-look-like-a-tourist.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00291-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947396 | 1,505 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Everything you need to know to create spectacular dishes with fresh blueberries: season, selection, storage, preparation, cooking, and great partners.
Although blueberries are indigenous to American soil and were one of the first fruits encountered by early settlers, the blueberry industry was still a relative newcomer to Washington and Oregon agribusiness in the 1990’s when I first wrote about it in Pacific Northwest Palate: Four Seasons of Great Cooking. At that time, the industry was 25-30 years young by most accounts.
However, the industry has grown remarkably over the years to keep pace with consumer demand. The humble blueberry is now America’s number two favorite berry, right behind the strawberry in popularity. Forty million pounds were harvested in Oregon in 2007, twice the amount from a decade earlier. Michigan, New Jersey, Oregon, Washington, and California are the largest producers of cultivated highbush blueberries in the United States, while Maine is the largest producer of wild blueberries.
One of the factors driving the growth in the blueberry industry is the newly discovered and evangelized health benefits of this berry. Blueberries are high in vitamin C and antioxidants. They are claimed to enhance memory, control weight, cleanse arteries, defend against viruses and bacteria, delay the aging process, and improve vision. It almost seems a bonus that they taste so good, and nearly everyone loves them.
Blueberries are a natural convenience food–no pitting, no peeling, no coring. They are ready to use just as they are–whether popped into the mouth one by one, served with cream, or added to any number of baked goodies. Their color is unusual in the fruit world and ravishing; the deep purple-black displays irresistibly against strawberries, raspberries, and melon. Their distinctive flavor also pairs beautifully with a host of flavor partners.
From early-July through September.
Early varieties arrive in late June and include Bluetta and Earliblue (medium in size, firm, deeply colored, sweet) and Spartan (large in size, brilliantly colored, gorgeous flavor). Berkeley, Bluecrop, and Elliot are mid- to late-season varieties and are typically available through August.
Blueberries can be light or dark blue with a silvery sheen, but they should have no reddish tinge when they are fully ripe. Size is not a factor, as different varieties come in different sizes. They must be fully ripe before picking; they will not continue to ripen on their own at home.
Look for a silver bloom on blueberries, that powdery substance on the surface. Heavy bloom indicates that the berries are fresh. Shiny berries are likely not as fresh as berries with a soft powdery surface.
Berries should appear clean and dry. Avoid berries that are soft, watery, dull in color, shriveled or mushy.
The flavor of blueberries is critically tied to acidic soil and cool summers; the Northwest region has plenty of both. There are more than 50 varieties of blueberries grown in the Northwest today, each one possessing unique characteristics of size, aroma, flavor, acidity, and harvest time. Be sure to sample a blueberry or two before deciding which to buy.
Some of the available varieties include Berkeley, Bluecrop, Bluegold, Bluejay, Bluetta, Brigitta, Chandler, Collins, Coville, Darrow, Duke, Earliblue, Elizabeth, Elliott, Hardyblue, Jersey, Lateblue, Legacy, Nelson, Powder Blue, and Spartan.
Always refrigerate blueberries, unwashed, and well sealed with plastic wrap. If they are very fresh, they can actually last for 7-14 days.
Nothing to do but rinse.
Now here is a berry that I personally enjoy much more when it’s flavor is released by a little heat. Most berries suffer with cooking, but not the blueberry. It becomes another entity altogether–richer, fuller, more complex. So by all means, cook it. Throw it into your favorite muffin, pancake, or quick bread recipe; or make a sauce, pudding, jam, or pie of it. It is one very versatile berry.
Allspice, almonds, apple mint, apples, apricots, bananas, basil, blackberries, black pepper, brandy, brown sugar, burnt sugar, butter, buttermilk, Calvados, caramel, cinnamon, cinnamon basil, cloves, cognac, cornmeal, cream, cream cheese, crème de cassis, crème fraîche, currants, custard, egg yolk, ginger (fresh, candied, and powdered), Grand Marnier, hazelnuts, honey, Kirsch, lavender, lemon, lemon thyme, lemon balm, lemon verbena, lime, mace, mangoes, maple syrup, mascarpone, melon, mint, molasses, nectarines, nutmeg, oatmeal, oranges, peaches, pears, pecans, persimmon, pineapple, pine nuts, port, raspberries, rhubarb, ricotta cheese, rose geranium, rose petal, rum, salmon, sour cream, strawberries, thyme, triple sec, vanilla, walnuts, watermelon, white chocolate, yogurt.
- Blueberry, Lime & Rose Petal Cheesecake
- Blueberry Lime Sauce with Variations
- Spicy Blueberry Ginger Chutney
- Blueberry Lavender Limeade
- Blueberry Lemon Verbena Spritzer with Candied Ginger Ice Cream
- Ginger-Lime Peach & Blueberry Crisp with Toasted Hazelnut Streusel
- Toasted Hazelnut Blueberry Crumble (PNP)
- Blueberry Lemon Gratin (PNP)
- Blueberry Ginger Cheesecake (PNP)
- BC Blueberry Council
- Blueberries: Washington’s Blue Gold
- California Blueberries Continue to Rise in Visibilityand Popularity
- Canter-BerryFarms (products available at Pike Place Market)
- Northwest Berry and Grape
- Northwest Berries: The Berry Industry of the Pacific Northwest, Washington and Oregon
- Oregon Blueberries
- Oregon Blueberry Growers Association
- Pick Your Own: All States
- Pick Your Own: Oregon
- Pick Your Own: Washington
- Washington Blueberry Commission
- Your Produce Man
Copyright 2011 Susan S. Bradley. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:c5745600-52b8-4083-a984-863bad0cbed4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thelunacafe.com/fresh-primers/blueberry-primer/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00029-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915362 | 1,340 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Tonight – June 17, 2016 – you can’t miss the almost-full waxing gibbous moon at nightfall. This evening’s moon shines in between the red planet Mars and the ringed planet Saturn (of course, you won’t see Saturn’s rings without a telescope). Mars outshines Saturn, and Saturn, in turn, outshines nearby Antares, the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius the Scorpion.
We expect this bright celestial triangle of lights formed by Mars, Saturn and Antares to withstand tonight’s drenching moonlight. Use the moon to find the trio tonight, and then watch them in the evening sky for several months to come.
Because Mars and Saturn are planets, these worlds shine by reflecting the light of the sun. Antares is a star, so it shines by its own light. Planets tend to shine with a steadier light than the twinkling stars. See if this general rule holds true for you tonight.
Mars, the fourth planet outward from the sun, resides at a mean distance of 1.524 times the Earth’s mean distance from the sun. Astronomer’s often call the sun-Earth distance the astronomical unit.
Saturn, the sixth planet outward, resides at a mean distance of about 9.582 astronomical units. A planet’s mean distance from the sun can also be regarded as the planet’s semi-major axis.
Let us share a cool trick with you. Once you know a planet’s mean distance (semi-major axis) in astronomical units, you can figure that planet’s orbital period in Earth years with this easy-to-use formula:
Orbital period2 = mean distance3
Let’s find out Mars’ orbital period in Earth-years:
Orbital period2 = distance x distance x distance
Orbital period x orbital period = 1.524 x 1.524 x 1.524
Orbital period x orbital period = 3.5396
Orbital period = 1.88 Earth-years
We’ll let the inquiring reader figure out Saturn’s orbital period. Remember, Saturn’s mean distance (semi-major axis) = 9.582 astronomical units.
Bottom line: Tonight – June 17, 2016 – let the waxing gibbous moon show you the planets Mars and Saturn, plus the star Antares. | <urn:uuid:e35e767c-db66-4ecb-8770-4e4db44972b0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://earthsky.org/tonight/moon-between-mars-and-saturn-june-17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00471-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.833962 | 514 | 3.703125 | 4 |
I have been asked to give a few talks this year, and I'm out of practice. So I called my mom.
Whenever I need advice on concealed firearms, single-engine aircraft and public speaking, I call my mom. Mom is a voice instructor, firearms instructor, speech pathologist and student pilot. As might be expected from a woman who shoots wild boar for Thanksgiving dinner and watches What Not to Wear with her granddaughter, Mom gave me very practical advice for speaking in public.
“Breathe,” she said.
“Ah,” I answered, steepling my fingers in prayer. “It's so simple.”
But, no, there was more. Much more. My mother, Corinne Barringer, M.A., CCC-SLP, teaches actors, pilots, corporate executives, professors, lawyers and many others. So she and I put together the following guide to public speaking for designers or anyone who doesn't spend much time in front of an audience.
One week before your talk
Do a gravity exercise for breathing
Deep breathing exercises are a good place to start. Lie on your back on a hard surface, such as a carpeted floor. Do not lie on a bed, which is not firm enough. Place one hand on your abdomen and the other on your chest. Inhale slowly to the count of three and exhale slowly to the count of five. While your count may vary, your inhalation should be shorter than your exhalation. The hand on your chest should move minimally, while your other hand should rise and fall with your abdomen as a result of air moving in and out of the thoracic cavity. Relax your abdominal muscles during inhalation and contract them during exhalation.
Articulation drill, or tongue twisters
Control, not speed, is the focus with tongue twisters. Pronounce the words clearly. Try saying “red leather, yellow leather,” which is a popular one among actors. Speak slowly and feel the pull of the muscles in the mouth and face. If you feel self-conscious, practice in private. You may also try saying “eleven benevolent elephants.” Slow down to enunciate clearly. It's funny when you bumble it up, and you will. When you get it right, speed up and have fun with it.
Record yourself speaking or reading aloud. It's good practice if you have a prepared speech or if any part of your talk is scripted. Listen to correct any pronunciation errors. Refer to an online pronunciation dictionary. Identify any bad speech habits, such as repeating “like,” “well,” “um” or “dude.” Remember that your recorded voice will sound strange to you. When speaking, you hear your voice resonate inside your head, and you also hear your voice bounce back into your ears. Recording yourself and listening to the recording can help you overcome nervousness and help you familiarize yourself with the sound of your voice.
Practice talking aloud
Don't perform. Don't mimic other voices. Leave those skills to actors. Practice speaking at least once a day. Practice in front of someone else. You will get used to speaking in front of an audience, and you can solicit feedback from a listener. Nervous people tend to speak faster. Remember to slow down. It takes time for the audience to hear your words travel through the room or auditorium, to interpret them, and to appreciate their meaning. Give the audience time, or listeners will become restless and ignore you. If you are impatient, you risk conveying the message that your words are not important, and your audience will come to share your impatience. Speak carefully and deliberately, and you will convey respect for yourself and your audience.
Prepare your props
Bring note cards. You can bring a copy of your entire speech, or you can bring note cards with reminders to jog your memory. You can write down quotes from others, so you don't misquote anyone, as well as references and other information you don't want to bother memorizing (you can even bring handouts). Make sure your note cards are legible at arm's length. You don't want to bring them up to your face to read. Having note cards should relax you, even if you never refer to them. Note cards and other written materials are also crucial as backups in case of technical glitches. You want to be prepared to go on with your talk even when the slide projector is forgotten, the laptop freezes, or the video monitor remains locked in the back room. Posters, whiteboards, handouts, books, and other hardcopy visual materials are always reliable.
Three days before your talk
Avoid dairy products such as milk, yogurt, ice cream, butter and cheese. Dairy products cause the body to produce extra phlegm and mucous, which interferes with your speech, gives you a wet, gurgly vocal quality and causes you to cough or clear your throat excessively.
Drink more water. Increased hydration will have positive systemic effects on your body, including your vocal cords. You want nice, plump vocal cords for the best sound. Coffee and carbonated beverages do not count. Drink eight glasses of water a day. A half-gallon to a gallon a day is better… really. The first sign of dehydration is fatigue, not thirst. Don't wait until you're thirsty. Remember, water works the same at any temperature, hot or cold. Filtered water is probably best. Avoid sugary vitamin drinks. Instead, add a little fruit juice to your regular water. It's a frugal way to change the flavor. Or add a bit of Vitalyte powder (used to be called Gookinaid) rather than Gatorade. It has less sugar, better taste, and more professionals use it.
Don't talk above loud noise. Don't strain to be heard above the din at bars, parties or sporting events. The combination of shouting over crowd noise, yelling at the game on TV, drinking alcohol and inhaling smoke fumes could put your voice out of commission for days.
No smoke, no sprays
Avoid inhaling smoke fumes, but also avoid being around any lawn sprays, insect repellents, hair sprays or other airborne chemicals.
The day of your talk
Wear comfortable clothing
Do not wear a new outfit, which can make you self-conscious. Do not wear anything constricting, itchy or complicated. You don't want to tug or adjust your clothes as you speak. Do not wear fabrics that rustle. Avoid jewelry that clicks, jingles or makes noises. Fussing with clothing or jewelry distracts the audience from listening to your words. Remember that a microphone amplifies even slight noise.
Take a water bottle
Bring water with you. Don't count on the venue providing it. Bring water even if your talk is short. Small sips will alleviate a dry throat and prevent a coughing spasm. Sipping water also allows you to take a break, compose yourself or think of a good answer to a challenging question.
Don't drink any alcohol until after your talk. Alcohol can alter judgment, slur speech and dry your mouth and throat. Have a congratulatory glass of wine or a beer after the event.
A calming exercise
To calm yourself before your talk, lift your shoulders up to your ears, then lower them down. You are giving your body physical cues to relax. Then stand erect, shoulders down and slightly back. You need to maintain proper posture in order to give your lungs room to expand and take in air. If you slouch or slump, you are preventing the lungs from expanding fully and getting good breath support for speech. Take a couple of good deep breaths, check your shoulders again. If you are nervous, your voice will tend to go up in pitch. This shoulder technique is a simple way to bring it back to normal.
During the talk
Nervous people tend to rock back and forth, play with their hands and touch their faces and hair. Fidgeting distracts the audience. Eyes follow movement. Instead, stand still and remain poised, even if you are slightly nervous. Hold something, such as your note cards or the sides of the podium, to keep your hands still. However, don't drape yourself over the podium or look down and talk into the podium. Keep your head up. If you relax and speak clearly, then your audience will relax and listen. Breathe, relax your shoulders and take a sip of water. Remember that you have prepared, and take your time.
Panels and groups
The dynamics of groups vary widely, but in general, do not try to emulate the ways other people are speaking and behaving. Be confident in your own preparation. Pause before responding to a question. Do not try to fill the silence with rambling. It's not a race, and it's not a competition. If others are trying to be funny, don't feel you have to be funny too. If others are responding with long-winded answers, don't feel you have to respond that way as well. Nervous people tend to launch into speeches with qualifiers and digressions, because they start speaking before they know what they want to say. Well-meaning panelists only want to contribute and give the audience their money's worth, so to speak. But they often end up saying nothing. So, instead, pause, think, respond, and then stop talking. This shows that you respect the audience and the other panelists.
After the talk
Your turn to listen
After the event, the speakers and the audience members often mingle over drinks and food. Don't try to fix a broken talk. Don't make excuses for yourself. The talk is over. This is the time for conversation, which requires a different mindset. Enjoy that the talk is over and that you got through it, and now change your focus to making conversation. The audience sat there and listened to you. Respect that. Don't wait for people to come to you. Go to them, introduce yourself, ask questions and listen.
Mail thank-you notes to those who coordinated the event, and email new acquaintances to solidify new contacts. Later, for yourself, review your experience. What preparations helped you the most? What did you do well? What would you like to improve? Everyone has different strengths and weaknesses, so review your experience with an eye toward making slight improvements for your next talk. You can't fix everything at once, and you can't become a great speaker after just one talk. Make small improvements, and plan to become a little better with each event.
About the Author: David Barringer is the author of There’s Nothing Funny About Design (Princeton Architectural Press, 2009), as well as American Home Life and American Mutt Barks in the Yard. The recipient of the 2008 Winterhouse Writing Award for Design Writing & Criticism, Barringer is currently a visiting faculty member at Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) and teaches design at Winthrop University. | <urn:uuid:198242e7-d240-4d95-b54b-26debd80a40c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aiga.org/speak-designers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00523-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958795 | 2,307 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Tired of magazines' articles that guarantee your acne will clear with anti acne-diet which is said to be 100% proven and it even doesn't make your acne better. Try this tips out.
Theoretically, it is possible that a diet can affect this disease. Since the underlying cause of acne is hormonal instability, we can try to repair it by constructing a diet that will stimulate the production of certain hormones and reducing the quantity of others. However for practical reasons it is very difficult to create a working anti-acne diet. Some food has to be eaten in such quantity to have an effect that it is simply impossible to do that. Some kinds of food should be avoided because of acne, but have to be eaten because of the nutritional value. And, let's face it, sometimes acne is so severe that no diet could help.
Tips and guidelines
While it's not practical to create a complete anti-acne diet, there are a few tips and guidelines you can follow.
1. Avoid any androgenic hormones in your food. Androgenic hormones tell your skin's oil glands just how much sebum or skin oil to excrete. DHEA, testosterone, androstenedione should be avoided at all cost - all of them are known to increase the symptoms of acne. Your diet should be completely hormone-free, or as close to it as possible.
2. Don't drink an excessive amount of milk when you have acne. There are lots of hormones in milk of pregnant cows, and that is the majority of marketed milk and dairy products. If you reduce the quantity of milk in your diet, you will probably minimize the amount of hormones you intake. Progesterone, 5-alpha reduced steroids, and other steroid hormones when digested can break down into DHT, the final molecule that turns on the oil cells in the skin.
3. If you suffer from acne, think about increasing the quantity of fish in your diet. Most fish has very important omega-3 oils that improve health of your skin.
4. It is said that Vitamin E may sometimes worsen acne symptoms, so avoiding it in your diet may help you get rid of the disease. However, there are no hard facts to support for that idea.
5. Avoid sugar. It is known to increase the symptoms of acne.
6. Don't expect miracles. No anti-acne diet can cure the disease by itself.
You are unlikely to eat yourself free of acne, but good eating habits and a healthy lifestyle will certainly help
Read The Entire Articles | <urn:uuid:9c26eec9-a7d0-4f27-a7d1-a5331e10911f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://acneskincare2009.blogspot.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00407-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951854 | 527 | 2.46875 | 2 |
This herbed bread is associated with Dewi Sant (St. David) because of the strict asceticism he practiced.
The monastic rule of Dewi Sant taught humility, simplicity and asceticism and he practiced these himself: that monks ploughed, planted and tended their crops themselves, without draft animals; that they drank only water and ate only bread with salt and herbs and never meat or beer; that they spent their evenings in prayer, reading and writing; that no member of the monastery had any personal possessions, everything belonged to them all. Dewi Sant’s last sermon was recorded as including the words, “Do the little things that you have seen me do and heard about…. Do the little things in life,” and this phrase, “Gwnewch y pethau bychain mewn bywyd,” (“Do the little things in life”) is a phrase used today.
Recipes for clay pot bread vary greatly. I used this recipe, and have translated it here to make it a little clearer for American cooks…
- 3/4 cup whole wheat flour
- 2 1/2 Unbleached white flour
- 1½ tsp salt
- 1 tbsp chopped fresh chives
- 1 tbsp chopped fresh parsley
- 1 tbsp chopped fresh sage
- 1 garlic clove, crushed
- 2/3 cup lukewarm milk
- 2/3 cup lukewarm water
- 1 tbsp honey
- 3 tbsp olive oil
- 1 pkg fast-rising yeast
- 1 egg, beaten for glazing
- fennel seeds, for sprinkling
- First prepare your pot. Select one clean, 6″ clay flower pot.
- Clean thoroughly, oil inside and outside.
- Oil and bake three or four times in a hot oven for about 30-40 mins. You can do this while you are baking other foods. This seals the pot, so that the bread won’t stick.
- Mix both flours in a large mixing bowl with the salt.
- Add all the herbs and garlic and mix together thoroughly.
- In a warm jar, mix together the milk, water, honey, olive oil and the yeast
- Leave for a few mins to let the yeast activate.
- Make a well in the middle of the flour.
- Pour the liquids into the well of the flour and start mixing the flours into the liquid from the outside of the bowl in to the middle.
- With clean, warm hands carry on the mixing process until all the ingredients come together to form a dough.
- Knead for 5-7 mins on a lightly floured surface.
- Place in a bowl, cover with oiled cling film and leave for 30-40 mins in a warm place.
- The dough should be larger than when you first started, punch it down and knead again for 5 mins.
- Prepare the pot and ensure that it is well greased.
- Drop the dough into it. You can score the top of the dough with a sharp knife if you want.
- Place in a warm place and allow to rise for 30-40 mins.
- Heat oven to 425F.
- Gently glaze the top of the dough with beaten egg and sprinkle with the fennel seeds.
- Carefully, place the pot on a rack at the bottom of the oven, trying not to jar the pot.
- Bake for 35-40 mins until golden brown.
- Remove the loaf from the oven and cool for 5-10 mins. Be careful, the pot will be very hot.
- Turn out on to a wire rack to cool completely.
The bread turned out amazingly tasty. I thought the small amount of herbs wouldn’t do much, and was expecting very bland bread. Not at all! The herbs flavored the whole loaf and it was wonderful without any toppings or condiments. I’m wondering how it would turn out in a regular bread pan, since my only complaint is that the shape of the flower pot makes cutting it a bit of a challenge. | <urn:uuid:488e119d-c68e-4b3b-a163-4d71b7386b01> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://stevishabitat.wordpress.com/2011/03/04/welsh-clay-pot-bread/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00293-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93521 | 859 | 2.09375 | 2 |
After some bad news for the Bitcoin world, including the demise of its former largest exchange, may be reaching a mature stage. Bitcoin’s price continues to swing wildly, in the last 60 days the price has been in the range of $420-580 USD. Such currency instability has been one of the key features of the movement since its inception, and it is perhaps one of the greatest challenges to its wider acceptability as a currency. Most analysts seem to agree that Bitcoin is not currently operating like a currency, and it is more like a commodity fuelled by speculative investment.
The fact that there is little evidence of any growth in the use of BTC as a currency may be the reason why there have been minimal attempts to regulate it. But perhaps more surprising is the fact that neither the Security and Exchange Commission nor the Commodity Futures Trade Commission in the US have made any attempts to regulate it either. The reason for this could be simply that the BTC market is just too small to warrant any wide-ranging regulatory effort. It is also possible that regulators simply do not understand the technology and its implications, and are awaiting any further developments to act. State authorities in Massachusets have hinted that there will be some sort of guidelines drafted in the future:
“We will be trying to come up with a model law or regulations states can use,” said David Cotney, commissioner of the Massachusetts Division of Banks and chairman of the Emerging Payments Task Force. “This has gotten a lot of attention, and we want to make sure when we act, we get it right.”
Other countries have taken this wait-and-see approach. The UK’s tax authority had made a statement earlier in the year that they would treat as a single-purpose face-value voucher, and no other regulation has taken place. Japanese authorities have also stated that they will monitor for illegal activity with Bitcoins, but will not regulate it for the time being. An article by Canadian regulators would appear to express accurately what is the current state of play around the world when it comes to Bitcoin:
“In addition, governments may become concerned about a number of legal, security and law-enforcement issues associated with bitcoins. For example, given the private nature of bitcoin transactions, bitcoins could easily be used to facilitate criminal transactions and to evade taxes.
As they do with platform-based digital currencies, central banks are studying and closely monitoring decentralized digital currencies such as Bitcoin. There could be potential risks to overall financial stability if Bitcoin became a significant means of payment and the Bitcoin system remained unstable. As well, Bitcoin users need to be aware of the potential financial risks to which they might be exposed, in light of the ongoing volatility of bitcoin prices and the risk of failure of Bitcoin exchanges.”
To my mind, the most exciting development arising from Bitcoin has nothing to do with the currency itself, or with regulation, but it is an idea proposed by a group of developers that turns the blockchain, Bitcoin’s proof-of-transaction open log, into a platform for creating a smart contract decentralised platform called Ethereum. The White Paper detailing the project explains that ethereum will allow the creation of a transaction log (blockchain) “with a built-in Turing-complete programming language, allowing anyone to write smart contracts and decentralized applications where they can create their own arbitrary rules for ownership, transaction formats and state transition functions.”
I have always felt that Bitcoin is a great idea and the right step in the way of achieving decentralisation, but that it suffers greatly from the current implementation based on libertarian economic dogma. Ethereum would bring everything that is good about Bitcoin and translate it into decentralised applications.
This will certainly merit further monitoring. | <urn:uuid:5c941af5-014e-423d-bf92-574478b9b7cb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.technollama.co.uk/bitcoin-regulatory-developments | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00141-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962579 | 761 | 1.914063 | 2 |
(CNN) -- North Korea has concluded an investigation of two detained American journalists, and they will stand trial, according to the nation's state-run news service, KCNA.
Laura Ling was taken into custody March 17 along the China-North Korea border.
"A competent organ of [North Korea] concluded the investigation into the journalists of the United States," the news service reported Friday. "The organ formally decided to refer them to a trial on the basis of the confirmed crimes committed by them."
The two journalists, Laura Ling and Euna Lee, entered the country illegally and intended "hostile acts," according to KCNA last month. The allegations "have been confirmed by evidence and their statements," the news service reported.
Preparations were being made to try the two "on the basis of the already-confirmed suspicions," the report last month said. The two are allowed consular contact and their treatment was governed by international laws while the investigation was underway, according to KCNA. Watch more on the journalists »
A Swedish diplomat was allowed to meet the journalists, the U.S. State Department said last month. The department said previously it had received information that the journalists were being well treated.
Ling and Lee were taken into custody March 17 along the China-North Korea border. They are reporters for the San Francisco, California-based media outlet Current TV.
All About North Korea | <urn:uuid:2039d055-7a02-4ee4-a886-ccdf6fd8e9f9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/04/23/nkorea.journalists/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00041-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.986295 | 287 | 1.609375 | 2 |
This little piece of jewel of the Saronic gulf is found near the peloponessian sea-shore and can be accessed from the village of Galatas in just 10 minutes, from Piraeus by flying dolphin or by ferry boat but also from the neighbour islands. Its most significant characteristics are the verdant landscape and the peacefulness that is exuded. In addition to the warm hospitality of its residents, the traditional cuisine and the stunning beaches, it is regarded as an ideal destination for a short or long rushing out.
The first and foremost sight that is seen at the arrival to Poros, is the imposing clock found at the top of the hill. The whole city of Poros is built in an amphitheatric way on the hill sides surrounding the port. The excellent architecture of the neoclassical buildings, which is the main constituent of this special landscape, cannot be unnoticed. At the seaside roads, there are several scattering restaurants and taverns, especially for visitors, which offer high quality products and services. In addition, cafes and bars make sure that they offer the fun and relaxation that the visitor may wish.
Its most significant characteristics are the verdant landscape and the peacefulness that is exuded. In addition to the warm hospitality of its residents, the traditional cuisine and the stunning beaches, it is regarded as an ideal destination for a short or long rushing out.
In the city of Poros, the Archaeological Museum is found, where there are several exhibits from the temple of Poseidon, the Ancient Trizina and the other archaeological areas of the island. Further, a visit to the Cathedral of Agios Georgios with the exceptional murals and to the Xatzipoulio’s public Library are recommended. The monastery of Zoodoxo Pigi is located in a verdant area at the east of the town and , of course, it is worth a visit in order to see the spring at the entrance of the monastery which is said to have healing qualities.
Northern, there is the Russian naval base, which used to be a station of replenishment for the Russian marines that were sailing in the Aegean sea. The training centre of Poros is at the end of the town and is sheltered at the old palace of King Othon , but it is not accessible to the crowd. The “lemon forest” is a large area full of lemon and orange trees that scents from the trees’ flowers and it is suggested for a walk but also for a meal in one of the various taverns there.
The beaches at this island are a tourist attraction and they may be the main reason for someone to visit Poros. They are accessible by motorbikes and bikes, that someone can rent, or even on foot for the ones that are closer. Buses and leased boats are also proposed as alternative means of transport.
- Your business here! | <urn:uuid:4bcb0a59-6db4-444c-a0a9-85bc4d1511a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://argosaronikos.gr/en/poros/information-photos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.970186 | 598 | 1.78125 | 2 |
NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles!
The Biden administration on Friday announced policy changes to attract international students specializing in science, technology, engineering and math — part of the broader effort to make the U.S. economy more competitive.
The State Department will let eligible visiting students in those fields, known as STEM, complete up to 36 months of academic training, according to senior administration officials. There will also be a new initiative to connect these students with U.S. businesses. The officials insisted on anonymity to discuss the changes before their official announcement.
Homeland Security will add 22 new fields of study — including cloud computing, data visualization and data science — to a program that allows international graduates from U.S. universities to spend up to three additional years training with domestic employers. The program generated about 58,000 applications in fiscal 2020.
The programs are designed to ensure that the U.S. is a magnet for talent from around the world, attracting scientists and researchers whose breakthroughs will enable the economy to grow. Government data shows that international students are increasingly the lifeblood of academic research.
The government’s National Science Board reported this week that international students on temporary visas account for more than half of U.S. doctoral degrees in economics, computer sciences, engineering and mathematics and statistics. But in the sciences and engineering, China is fast closing the gap in doctoral degrees by generating nearly as many graduates as the U.S. did in 2018. | <urn:uuid:14959df9-d319-4365-9f67-63f8031d404f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://standupandspeakoutamerica.com/news-article/biden-admin-announces-changes-to-attract-international-stem-students/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.940616 | 298 | 1.914063 | 2 |
This post contains affiliate links and I may be compensated a tiny bit if you make a purchase after clicking on the links. The Savor Summer College Scholarship winners thank you!
College Scholarship Tip: Avoid Fancy Fonts
This simple college scholarship tip can make applications more attractive to the judges!
Using fancy fonts may seem pretty and impressive, but this practice is actually unprofessional and frowned upon.
A few well-known and acceptable fonts that students should use are Ariel, New Times Roman, or Calibri.
The same font should be used for the entire application, including essays and scholarship/activity resumes.
This keeps the student’s work visually appealing, clean, and easy to read. The normal font size should be between 10 and 12.
Students should resist using a smaller font to squeeze in more information, as this will frustrate scholarship judges, especially those that may have inadvertently left their glasses at home that day! Learning what scholarship judges look for in their winners is an extremely strategic and smart move.
Learn how I helped my son win over $100,000 in college scholarships by clicking here.
Monica Matthews is the author of How to Win College Scholarships. She helped her own son win over $100,000 in college scholarships and now shares her expertise with other parents and their students. She truly has “been there, done that” in regards to helping parents and students navigate the scholarship process.
Her method of helping students in finding college scholarships, writing unique and compelling scholarship essays, creating amazing scholarship application packets and more, have taught desperate parents to help their own students win thousands of scholarship dollars.
Monica’s scholarship tips have been featured on many prominent websites and she has been dubbed the “Go-To” expert on college scholarships. | <urn:uuid:5adef545-dd88-4549-9743-838decda73b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://how2winscholarships.com/college-scholarship-tip-avoid-fancy-fonts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.96002 | 366 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Coffee has earned a bad rap! As far as health food goes, it’s typically the first item banished from your diet if you go on a health cleanse. Although drinking too many cups a day is linked to increasing heart rate and cortisol (your flight response hormone)—there are several surprising health benefits to that morning cup of java—as long as you keep your consumption down to two to three cups per day and nix the cream and sugar.
Here are ten convincing reasons why coffee can be considered good for you…
1. Coffee Increases Memory
Studies show that two cups of the caffeinated stuff can actually strengthen your long- and short-term memory. In a 2005 study presented at the Radiological Society of North America, researchers found that consuming 2 to 3 cups of coffee improved short-term memory as well as lowering the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. | <urn:uuid:a986fd1d-7544-4164-b8a7-bebe8f46b7c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.activebeat.com/diet-nutrition/10-convincing-reasons-why-coffee-is-good-for-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00444-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956695 | 181 | 2.59375 | 3 |
What should I watch for?
Visit your doctor or health care professional for regular check ups. Discuss any new symptoms with your doctor. You will need to have important blood work done while on this medicine.
Birth control pills may not work properly while you are taking this medicine. Talk to your doctor about using an extra method of birth control. Women who can still have children must use a reliable form of barrier contraception, like a condom or diaphragm.
This medicine may affect blood sugar levels. If you have diabetes, check with your doctor or health care professional before you change your diet or the dose of your diabetic medicine.
This medicine contains a chemical that may increase your risk of cancer. Pregnant women and children may need to use a different HIV medicine. Women should inform their doctor if they wish to become pregnant or think they might be pregnant. Talk to your health care professional or pharmacist for more information.
Interactions with Medications
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.
Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:
dry or itchy skin
fruity mouth odor
unusual tiredness or weakness
Incidence not known
Abdominal or stomach pain
difficulty with breathing
loss of appetite
rapid, deep breathing
tightness in the chest
unpleasant breath odor
vomiting of blood
yellow eyes or skin
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:
redistribution or accumulation of body fat
Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. | <urn:uuid:d98614aa-37f7-4d84-9143-850caa80955c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.goodrx.com/nelfinavir/side-effects | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00375-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908174 | 458 | 1.5 | 2 |
I am continually amazed that many women talk about a cervix, but don't know what it is. Some think that the perineum is the cervix. They talk about their cervix dilating from 0 to 10, yet they are not sure exactly where that part is - just "somewhere down there."
I will admit, I read about the cervix all the time once I started studying midwifery as a teenager, but I really had no idea what it looked like. People described it looking "like a donut," feeling "like the end of your nose..."
I was intrigued, but really I didn't have a good idea of what a normal, non-pregnant/laboring cervix was like until I watched a PAP smear being done. The Certified Nurse Midwife who I was working with at the time was more than happy to let me see and do everything she was doing, and the woman was extremely happy to let a student examine her cervix (I'm so grateful that some people like her don't mind!).
I hope that these pictures won't gross you out.... (okay, they are no worse than this picture below, except that they are in color!)
If you don't know what your cervix looks like, check out this daily "diary" of a cervix
You'll see the changes with the menstrual cycle and how different a cervix looks during menstruation vs. ovulation time. | <urn:uuid:7f0ee619-7016-40b7-b1ad-505d621dabb7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://betterbirth.blogspot.com/2008/08/close-up-look-at-your-cervix.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00299-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990326 | 301 | 1.921875 | 2 |
ارزیابی تغییرات در تعصبات قضاوت به عنوان مکانیسم درمان شناختی رفتاری برای اختلال اضطراب اجتماعی
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|39215||2015||11 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||محاسبه نشده|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : Behaviour Research and Therapy, Volume 71, August 2015, Pages 139–149
Abstract Reductions in judgmental biases concerning the cost and probability of negative social events are presumed to be mechanisms of treatment for SAD. Methodological limitations of extant studies, however, leave open the possibility that, instead of causing symptom relief, reductions in judgmental biases are correlates or consequences of it. The present study evaluated changes in judgmental biases as mechanisms explaining the efficacy of CBT for SAD. Participants were 86 individuals who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for a primary diagnosis of SAD, participated in one of two treatment outcome studies of CBT for SAD, and completed measures of judgmental (i.e., cost and probability) biases and social anxiety at pre-, mid-, and posttreatment. Treated participants had significantly greater reductions in judgmental biases than not-treated participants; pre-to-post changes in cost and probability biases statistically mediated treatment outcome; and probability bias at midtreatment was a significant predictor of treatment outcome, even when modeled with a plausible rival mediator, working alliance. Contrary to hypotheses, cost bias at midtreatment was not a significant predictor of treatment outcome. Results suggest that reduction in probability bias is a mechanism by which CBT for SAD exerts its effects.
نتیجه گیری انگلیسی
2. Results For Study 1, a series of ANOVAs and chi-square tests showed no differences in the variables of interest at pretreatment (BFNE, OPQ, OCQ) across the VRE, EGT, and WL conditions (p's = .213 to .830) or demographic characteristics (SAD subtype, gender, ethnicity, educational achievement, income, relationship status; p's = .402 to .841). Thus, random assignment successfully created three conditions that were comparable at pretreatment with regard to symptom severity, judgmental biases, and demographic factors. Participants receiving EGT reported slightly higher first-exposure SUDS ratings than participants receiving VRE, but this difference was not statistically significant (MEGT = 7.4; MVRE = 6.2; t(40) = −1.817, p = .077). At posttreatment, there were no differences between the EGT and VRE groups on any measure (p's = .348 to .802). Thus participants in the EGT and VRE groups were combined, forming a total of two experimental groups (Treated [EGT + VRE], Not Treated [WL]). Independent samples t-tests and chi-square tests were then conducted to determine whether participants from the uncontrolled trial (Study 2) were significantly different in terms of symptom severity, judgmental biases, or demographics at the pretreatment assessment from participants in the controlled trial (Study 1). There were no significant differences between Study 1 and Study 2 on any of the metrics listed above (p's = .254 to .969); as such, participants from Study 2 were added to the Treated group from Study 1 to increase sample size and statistical power. With regard to SAD subtype, there were no significant between-group differences in cost bias or probability bias at pretreatment or working alliance at Session 1 (p's = .064 to .691); however, participants with generalized SAD reported significantly higher levels of social-evaluative fears at pretreatment than participants with non-generalized SAD (Mgeneralized = 44.69; Mnon-generalized = 36.80; t(74) = −3.362, p = .001). To determine whether or not symptom improvement was statistically mediated by reductions in cost bias and probability bias (Criterion 1) and whether CBT caused threat reappraisal (Criterion 2), a multiple mediators path model was tested. Residualized gain scores were first computed using data from pretreatment and posttreatment to represent a measure of change in social anxiety symptoms (BFNE) and threat appraisal (OPQ, OCQ) during treatment. Residualized gain scores control for initial symptom severity and measurement error associated with repeated assessment and thus have advantages over other measures of change (Steketee & Chambless, 1992). Residualized gain scores were calculated by subtracting the standardized pretreatment scores, which were multiplied by the correlation between the standardized scores at pretreatment and posttreatment, from the posttreatment scores. Using this formula, lower residualized gain scores reflect greater reductions in symptoms. Next, a model was tested that included paths for 1) the effect of treatment on the mediators (pre-to-post changes in probability bias and cost bias) (i.e., Criterion 2); 2) the effect of the mediators on treatment outcome (pre-to-post changes in social anxiety symptoms), 3) correlations between the two mediators, and 4) the indirect effect of treatment on treatment outcome through pre-to-post changes in probability bias and cost bias (i.e., Criterion 1). The multiple mediators path model is presented in Fig. 3. Overall, the model fit the data well: Model χ2(1) = 1.652, p = .199; RMSEA = .081 [.000, .294]; CFI = .995; TLI = .967; SRMR = .024, with the exception of the upper limit of the RMSEA confidence interval. First, as predicted, treatment had a significant effect on threat appraisals; receiving treatment compared to not receiving treatment predicted significantly greater reductions in both probability bias (bStdYX = −.330, z = −3.645, p < .001) and cost bias (bStdYX = −.320, z = −3.495, p < .001). Second, treatment outcome was predicted by threat appraisals; higher residualized gain scores for social anxiety were predicted by both higher residualized gain scores for probability bias (bStdYX = .432, z = 4.433, p < .001) and cost bias (bStdYX = .285, z = 2.815, p = .005). Third, the mediators were significantly positively correlated (bStdYX = .625, z = 10.015, p < .001); and fourth, the effect of treatment on treatment outcome was statistically mediated by pre-to-post changes in both cost bias and probability bias. That is, the indirect a × b pathway was significant for the OPQ (bStdYX = −.143, z = −2.780, p = .005) and OCQ (bStdYX = −.091, z = −2.182, p = .029). Next 5000 bootstrap samples were generated to obtain the most accurate confidence intervals for indirect effects in mediation ( MacKinnon, Lockwood, & Williams, 2004). Neither the confidence interval for the OPQ [95% CI −.490, −.081] nor that for the OCQ [95% CI −.381, −.027] overlapped with zero, further supporting the finding of statistically significant mediation. Multiple mediators path model. BFNE=Brief Fear of Negative; OCQ=Outcome Cost ... Fig. 3. Multiple mediators path model. BFNE = Brief Fear of Negative; OCQ = Outcome Cost Questionnaire; OPQ = Outcome Probability Questionnaire. Parameter estimates are reported with standard errors in parentheses. * = Parameter estimate is significant at the .05 level; ** = Parameter estimate is significant at the .01 level; *** = Parameter estimate is significant at the .001 level. Figure options To test whether or not threat reappraisal causes anxiety reduction (Criterion 3), a cross-lagged panel design path model was employed to investigate the presumed causal interplay among social anxiety symptoms (BFNE) and cost and probability biases (OCQ, OPQ) at three time points: pretreatment, midtreatment, and posttreatment. The model incorporates autoregressive effects that control for temporal stability within threat appraisal and social anxiety scores across time, synchronous correlations between variables at each time point that account for covariances between variables not already explained by the influences of the variables from earlier time points, and cross-lagged direct effects. Thus any cross-lagged effects can be considered effects that add predictive power over and above that which can simply be obtained from within-construct stability over time and synchronous and other IV effects. The cross lags between social anxiety and judgmental biases at mid- and posttreatment are of primary importance to our study hypothesis, as they allow for evaluation of three potential scenarios: 1) whether earlier levels of judgmental biases predicted later changes in social anxiety, 2) whether earlier levels of social anxiety predicted later changes in judgmental biases, and 3) whether any relations were reciprocal. Social anxiety and judgmental biases at pretreatment are also important for this study, because their inclusion serves as a control for pretreatment symptom severity, thereby providing an indicator of change (Finkel, 1995 and Rieckmann et al., 2006). For example, social anxiety at midtreatment represents residualized change in social anxiety from pretreatment to midtreatment. The cross-lagged panel design model is presented in Fig. 4. Results indicated the fully cross-lagged model had acceptable fit according to all indices (Model χ2(13) = 22.053, p = .055; CFI = .974; TLI = .933; SRMR = .053), with the exception of the RMSEA (RMSEA = .096 [.000, .163], which is slightly above conventional standards for good fit ( MacCallum, Browne, & Sugawara, 1996). It should be noted, however, that the RMSEA tends to reject acceptable models when sample sizes are small. For this reason, some scholars argue against computing the RMSEA for models with low degrees of freedom ( Kenny, Kaniskan, & McCoach, 2014). Fig. 4 also shows the standardized path coefficients for the model. As predicted, examination of individual paths revealed significant autoregressive effects and intercorrelations between variables at each time point. The cross lag model revealed a significant effect of midtreatment OPQ on posttreatment BFNE (bStdYX = .350, z = 4.473, p < .001), specifically lower probability bias predicting lower social anxiety symptoms. However, the cross lag from midtreatment OCQ to posttreatment BFNE was not significant (bStdYX = −.059, z = −.719; p = .472); nor was the cross lag from midtreatment BFNE to posttreatment OPQ (bStdYX = .038, z = .419, p = .675) or from midtreatment BFNE to posttreatment OCQ (bStdYX = .049, z = .364, p = .716). Findings suggest that lower midtreatment levels of probability bias, but not cost bias, predicted greater reduction in social anxiety symptoms. That the inverse is not supported (i.e., that midtreatment BFNE does not predict change in OPQ) suggests the relation is not reciprocal and provides further evidence supporting probability bias as a specific cognitive reappraisal mediator of CBT for SAD. 1 Cross-lagged panel design path diagram relating the BFNE, OCQ, and OPQ. ... Fig. 4. Cross-lagged panel design path diagram relating the BFNE, OCQ, and OPQ. BFNE = Brief Fear of Negative; OCQ = Outcome Cost Questionnaire; OPQ = Outcome Probability Questionnaire. Standardized parameter estimates are reported with standard errors in parentheses. * = Parameter estimate is significant at the .05 level; ** = Parameter estimate is significant at the .01 level; *** = Parameter estimate is significant at the .001 level. Figure options To test the specificity of the relation between threat reappraisal and social anxiety reduction (Criterion 4), a second cross-lagged panel design path model was utilized to analyze the relation between social anxiety symptoms (BFNE), probability bias (OPQ), and working alliance (WAI), a plausible rival mediator, at three time points throughout treatment. Fit indices, again with the exception of the upper limit of the RMSEA confidence interval, indicated good model fit (Model χ2(14) = 18.705, p = .177; RMSEA = .066 [.000, .138]; CFI = .984; TLI = .963; SRMR = .037). Fig. 5 shows the standardized path coefficients for the model. Examination of individual paths revealed significant autoregressive effects between variables at each time point. However, working alliance was not significantly correlated with probability bias or with social anxiety symptoms at any time point. The cross lag model again revealed a significant effect of midtreatment OPQ on posttreatment BFNE (bStdYX = .352, z = 3.480, p = .001), whereas the cross lag from midtreatment WAI to posttreatment BFNE was not significant (bStdYX = −.050, z = −.657; p = .511). Findings suggest that earlier levels of probability bias, but not working alliance, predicted later change in social anxiety symptoms. These findings provide further support for threat reappraisal, specifically probability bias, as a mediator of CBT for SAD by demonstrating specificity of the threat reappraisal-social anxiety reduction relation. Cross-lagged panel design path diagram relating the BFNE, OPQ and WAI. ... Fig. 5. Cross-lagged panel design path diagram relating the BFNE, OPQ and WAI. BFNE = Brief Fear of Negative; OPQ = Outcome Probability Questionnaire; WAI = Working Alliance Inventory. Standardized parameter estimates are reported with standard errors in parentheses. * = Parameter estimate is significant at the .05 level; ** = Parameter estimate is significant at the .01 level; *** = Parameter estimate is significant at the .001 level. | <urn:uuid:d39d056e-17c5-4868-babc-82c917b2bc3e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://isiarticles.com/article/39215 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00334-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924641 | 3,203 | 1.929688 | 2 |
- Climate Pragmatism: It's Time To Innovate, Not Mitigate, And Create A High-Energy Planet
James Lovelock, the Godfather of Global Warming, says we are doomed and the only recourse left is to retreat to climate-controlled cities. Others claim we can solve the problem if we just shut off all of the power plants. Others contend we simply need to ...
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Researchers have reported a big improvement in the distance of wireless power. Their "Dipole Coil Resonant System (DCRS) boosts the extended range of inductive power transfer up to 5 meters between transmitter and receiver coils. It's not qui ...
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- The Slow Decline Of Biofuels- Corn Stover Inclusion Won't Help
Biofuels- ethanol- were trumpeted as being a renewable alternative to fossil fuels for decades. Finally, in 2005, it got the mandates and subsidies environmentalists insisted were necessary to make inroads against a mature industry like petroleum. Immedia ...
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- Is Direct Current Electricity Going To Make A Comeback?
Direct current- DC- electricity is used by us every day. If you see a blocky black thing on a power cord, that is a transformer and it turns alternating current (AC) electricity into DC that is used by a device. In the early days of mass electricity, it w ...
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Earlier this month, the Epic Electric American Road Trip, a 24-day, 12,183-mile battery-powered journey sponsored by electric vehicle (EV) software and information services company Recargo Inc., was completed. They expect to be awarded Guinness World Recor ...
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There is an optimum size for electrical networks if you want to avoid blackouts- and that does not mean making things better and more redundant. Being the right size is a common topic in fields like biology. In 1928, geneticist John Haldane wrote the ess ...
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Natural gas has been true boon to emissions. When the rest of the civilized world was adopting more nuclear energy, American politicians representing their constituents were determined to kill it. President Bill Clinton and Senator John Kerry were cheered ...
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- Fuel Cells: Can Microbes Make Biodiesel Sustainable?
A new fuel-cell concept could allow biodiesel plants to eliminate the creation of hazardous wastes while removing their dependence on fossil fuel from their production process. The platform, which uses microbes to glean ethanol from glycerol and has the a ...
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Definitions for fryup
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word fryup
A hamlet in North Yorkshire.
Fryup is a hamlet in the North York Moors National Park in North Yorkshire, England. It is within the civil parish of Danby, and is located alongside Great Fryup Beck in Great Fryup Dale. Fryup is separated into two small valleys or dales: Great Fryup Dale and Little Fryup Dale. The majority of people live in Great Fryup Dale, with Little Fryup having only eight or nine farms and cottages. Great Fryup has no shops nor even a pub; it has a telephone box, a post box and village hall. There is also a local cricket pitch and Quoits pitch.
The numerical value of fryup in Chaldean Numerology is: 7
The numerical value of fryup in Pythagorean Numerology is: 5
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If you happen to look up at the skies and see something unusual, don't be alarmed.It's all a test to see how a balloon can offer new technology for the border patrol.It resembles a blimp, but it's not your average flying balloon, and it will soon be up in the skies above the Rio Grande Valley."This is a partnership with the CBP and the Department of Defense to try out some of their aerostat equipment," said Border Patrol spokesperson Henry Mendiola.Mendiola says it's equipment that is nothing more than giant balloons, containing surveillance technology that the Border Patrol can use as a monitoring tool along the border."We're going to take this out, we're going to test it, evaluate it, see exactly what it does for us and what utility it has for border enforcement," said Mendiola.The devices contain cameras and radar detections that are typically used in battlefields.They are expected to take flight on Friday along the Texas, Mexico border."If they see these balloons flying overhead, not to be alarmed," said Mendiola. "These are being evaluated for CBP purposes."Mendiola says they don't know just yet if this technology would be able to help border enforcement for the Rio Grande Valley, but they are open to any new technology that could assist their efforts. | <urn:uuid:536d99ae-a05c-4cef-81c1-890d2902e6b1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://valleycentral.com/news/local/new-technology-being-tested-by-border-patrol?id=786757 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00189-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961064 | 268 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Survey Says: Canadian Housing World’s Most Affordable, Least Affordable
In what may have come as a shock to anyone living in Toronto, Montreal or Vancouver, the 7th
Annual Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey
recently ranked Canada and the United States the most affordable markets among countries surveyed in 2010.
To be ranked affordable, a market could not have an average housing price of more than three times the median income for that market; nine of the 35 Canadian markets surveyed met this criterium.
Among Canada’s most affordable cities, according to the survey:
- Windsor, ON
- Fredericton, NB
- Thunder Bay, ON
- Moncton, NB
- Yellowknife, NWT
- Charlottetown, PEI
- St. John, NB
- Saguenay, QC
- Trois-Rivieres, QC
But wait. Among the 325 markets surveyed, 82 were major metropolitan centres with populations exceeding 1,000,000; in this group, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver earned the dubious distinction of being the among the most ‘severely unaffordable’ cities surveyed in North America. No Canadian major metropolitan markets made the ‘affordable’ list. Edmonton, Ottawa-Gatineau and Calgary were ranked as ‘moderately unaffordable’.
Vancouver’s soaring housing prices earned it the rank of third most unaffordable city in the world, with an average home costing 9.5 times the median income in that city. Hong Kong, China, now ranks number one; a home there costs 11.4 times the median income. The average house in Sydney, Australia, ranks only slightly more unaffordable than Vancouver, costing 9.6 times the median income.
So what does this mean? Not much if you don’t agree with the survey results, but it does raise the question of how to address rising housing prices
in global urban centres. Interestingly, the least affordable markets generally also have the strictest land use regulations. The report suggests that changes to urban planning are needed to ease pressure on prices in these cities.
With housing prices in Canada’s largest cities forcing many potential buyers out of these markets, more affordable metropolitan centres have an opportunity to promote their advantages to attract skilled workers and new housing investment.
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Memoirs of a Bastard Angel
W.H. Auden: 'The Map of All My Youth,' Early Works, Friends and Influences Auden Studies, Volume I
Auden's Apologies For Poetry
Wystan Auden’s obiter dicta, as heard and transcribed by Alan Ansen, are funny, brilliant, outrageous. Anyone who knew the poet—in this reviewer’s case very slightly compared to Ansen—must agree that the voice rings as true as the often preposterous pronouncements, whose authenticity is verified not only by the exclusion principle that no one else could have made them up but also by the word-of-mouth survival of some of them in Auden lore.
Alan Ansen met WHA in 1946, while the poet was lecturing at the New School for Social Research, and subsequently became his secretary. At age twenty-four, Ansen seems to have had a prodigious knowledge of ancient and modern languages and literatures, as well as near-verbatim recall. Though about half of the entries are printed in dialogue form, the others as monologues, the young philologist is intrusive only on questions of scansion (“In ‘heavy like us’ you could save the alliteration by syncopating the ‘ke’ and positing the ‘k’ as the fourth alliterating letter…”), and he credits his own most recondite contributions only indirectly, through Auden’s responses: “Oh, did Hobbes do a translation?” (of Thucydides); “You’re right, Landor’s epigrams do represent a further use of Greek models.”
The stream-of-consciousness sequence of subjects appears to have been preserved. But Auden’s “baltering torrent” better describes both the jumble of ideas later to be processed into essays and poems, and the reader’s sense of a lonely man’s exuberance in finding a receptive listener: Auden sounds “high” most of the time, hyperventilated by his own wit and intelligence. A typical entry (May 17, 1947; the other thirty are dated between November 1946 and April 1948) jumps from Rimbaud to Churchill; the rutting season of tom cats (“they have a rugged time of it trying to service so many ladies”); a projected guide to England; book reviewing; and the artist Paul Cadmus. But the startling juxtapositions and droll non sequiturs help to establish the reader’s sense of being in the poet’s company. In addition to bits of background—occasion and location, the contents and condition of Auden’s apartment, the kinds and quantities of drinks consumed—Ansen provides a sprinkling of parenthetical stage directions (“smiling mysteriously,” “to the cat,” “to me,” “looking it up in the OED and finding he was right”) and clues to enigmatic references: “If you want special knowledge, there’s just one place to get it from. (Presumably himself.)”
The discussions alight most frequently on literary, sexual, political (antidisestablishmentarian), and religious matters (“I’m coming to doubt whether [Dante] really was a Christian”), leavened with gossip (“Did you see that Mary McCarthy has joined the anti-Homintern?”), snippets of autobiography (“My mother used to get ill every time I came home, which gives you some idea of the relations between us”), and observations on American and European differences of decorum (“For an Englishman coming over here to teach, the rudeness of the students is quite shocking”; “Chester [Kallman] thinks that when I expect him to get a cab for us it’s because I’m me, when…
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Taboo, North meets South and White meets Black.
Corporal John G Stephens , 25 years-old, 5th Regiment Infantry U.S. Colored Troops-Formerly 127th Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Camp Delaware, Ohio. March 1865, General William Tecumseh Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, assault on Kinston and Goldsboro, North Carolina. March 6, 1865. We walk and walk, carrying our guns high on our shoulders, packs strapped tight against our neck, the...Read On | <urn:uuid:b1b073dc-1b32-4112-a1cc-ccce817118de> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.lushstories.com/interracial.aspx/12?page=8&cs=327 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00239-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90761 | 106 | 2.25 | 2 |
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The main public square of the Italian city of Venice is the Piazza San Marco (St. Around this square are some of the most recognizable buildings in Venice. The most famous of these are the Basilica Cattedrale Patriarcale di San Marco (St. Mark’s Basilica) and its iconic bell tower, the Campanile di San Marco (St. Mark’s Campanile). As St. Mark is the patron saint of the city, it is little wonder that many of the public buildings in Venice are named after him. Another building on the Piazza San Marco named after the city’s patron saint is the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana (the National Library of St. Mark’s). The Biblioteca Marciana is located at the end of the Piazza San Marco, and separated from the Palazzo Ducale (Doge’s Palace) by the Piazzetta San Marco. This building, which symbolizes the city’s wealth and tradition of public investment in intellectual and artistic pursuits, was designed by the Italian architect, Jacopo Sansovino.
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Portrait of Jacopo Sansovino, architect of the famous Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana in Venice. Artist: Tintoretto 1560-1570. Currently on display at the Uffizi Gallery. ( Wikimedia Commons )
The story of the Biblioteca Marciana begins with Cardinal Bessarion, a Cardinal Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, and the titular Latin Patriarch of Constantinople. In 1468, the cardinal donated, to the Republic of Venice, about 750 codices in Greek and Latin as well as 250 manuscripts, followed soon after by a number of printed works, all from his personal collection. It is said that Cardinal Bessarion had intended to make these works accessible to the public. Incidentally, such a project was first envisioned by the Renaissance scholar, Francesco Petrarch, about a century earlier. Like Cardinal Bessarion, Petrarch also intended to donate his personal library to the Republic of Venice, though its contents never made it to the city.
Portrait of Cardinal Bessarion, 1473-75 by artists: Justus van Gent and Pedro Berruguete. Currently at the Louvre Museum, Paris. ( Wikimedia Commons )
In the collection of Cardinal Bessarion was a copy of Pseudo-Apollodorus’ Bibliotheca. This was a compendium of Greek myths believed to have been compiled during the 2 nd century AD, but was nearly lost in the 13 th century AD. Only one incomplete manuscript has survived, and is now only partially preserved in Paris. As Cardinal Bessarion’s copy was made when the aforementioned manuscript was still intact it is highly valuable, other later manuscripts are derived from it.
Although Cardinal Bessarion’s gift to the Republic of Venice was made in 1468, it was only much later that the Doge, Andrea Gritti, decreed the construction of a building to permanently house these precious works. Designed by the Italian architect, Jacopo Sansovino, construction began in 1537, and was only completed in 1588. Unfortunately, Sansovino would not live to see his masterpiece completed, as he died in 1570.
Prior to his death, however, Sansovino had completed 16 of the façade’s 21 arcaded bays, and began work on the frescoes and other decorations. Following Sansovino’s death, the task of completing the building fell on the shoulders of Vincenzo Scamozzi.
Photograph taken inside the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, the ornate ceilings, walls and marbled floors resemble the grandeur of the time when it was built, the artwork and intricate details are astounding. Photo by Wga. Hu ( Wikimedia Commons ).
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Portrait of architect Vincenzo Scamozzi by Paolo Veronese, dated mid 1500’s. He took over the architecture of the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana after the death of Sansovino. ( Wikimedia Commons )
Over the centuries, the Biblioteca Marciana’s collection was gradually enlarged by personal donations as well as by the acquisition of some manuscripts from the libraries of monasteries. In 1603, a law was introduced in Venice requiring printers to donate a copy of every book published to the library. It is said that this was the first law of its kind in Italy. During the Napoleonic era, some religious institutions were suppressed and a portion of their libraries collections were given to the Biblioteca Marciana.
View from the lagoon, Venice, of Sansovino's Libreria which contains the Biblioteca Marciana, and the two columns in the Piazzetta. Photo by: Peter J.StB.Green. Taken in 2000. ( Wikimedia Commons )
In 1811, the Biblioteca Marciana was transferred to the Palazzo Ducale, then moved again in 1904 to the Zecca (Mint), incidentally it was another building designed by Sansovino. In 1924, the Biblioteca Marciana, along with the Zecca, regained possession of the original building, as well as part of the Procuratie Nuove. Today, the Biblioteca Marciana houses around a million volumes, including about 13,000 manuscripts, 2,883 incunabola (printed European works prior to 150 AD) and 24,055 cinquecintene (European books printed in the 16 th century). Additionally, the decorations of the Biblioteca Marciana are as impressive as its collection. One of the highlights of this building is Titian’s La Sapienza , located on the ceiling, and has been the focus of a conservation project of the World Monuments Fund.
Featured image: Gentile Bellini: Procession in St. Mark’s Square (1496). Gallerie dell’Accademia – Venice. ( ecreahistoryvenice2015.wordpress.com)
Diller, A., 1935. The Text History of the Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Volume 66, pp. 296-313.
venice.arounder.com, 2014. The Marciana Library. [Online]
Available at: http://venice.arounder.com/en/historic-building/the-marciana-library
World Monuments Fund, 2015. Biblioteca Marciana. [Online]
Available at: http://www.wmf.org/project/biblioteca-marciana
www.venetoinside.com, 2015. Monumental Rooms of the National Library of St. Mark's in Venice. [Online]
www.venice-tourism.com, 2008. The Marciana National Library. [Online]
10 of the most stunning libraries open to the public around the world
There's nothing a bookworm likes more than a reading holiday and what could be better than a holiday read? Surely only a holiday library. Many of the most beautiful in the world are open to the public for visits, so to celebrate Libraries Week, which runs until 14 October, we've picked our favourites from around the globe.
Katherine Freeeman-Croft: “Rosalba Carriera, 1673-1757: Miniatures & Pastels”
Ambrus Gero: “Tintoretto’s Techniques”
Evelyn Golden: “Comparison of Ancient Texts Da Architectura and Le Minere della Pittura”
Kosuke Kawahara: “Giotto’s Fresco techniques in Padua and Assisi”
Yi Luo: “Palladio at the Church of S. Giorgio Maggiore”
Jesse Sullivan: “Tracing Histories: The Morosini Altarpiece”
Huier (Judy) Zhao: “Techniques of Bellini and his contemporaries”
Meirav Zaks-Zilberman: “Artemisia Gentileschi, Vision and Artistry: The Story of Esther”
Thursday, February 25, 2010
Mithridates VI Eupator (120-63 B.C.) was a famous king of Pontus--a region on the Black Sea--who in the last century of the republic long defied the power of Rome. In a series of three wars, fought between the 80s and the 60s B.C., he engaged with such great soldiers of the day as Sulla, Lucullus and Pompey. In modern times this resourceful and energetic monarch was the subject of a classic study by Théodore Reinach which appeared first in French (1890) and subsequently in German (1895) and later of important works by B. McGing (1986) and J. Ballesteros Pastor (1996). Now Adrienne Mayor has given us this detailed biography here under review. Although for the most part grounded on the ancient sources and modern scholarly literature, this work differs from its predecessors in its bold epic sweep. This is a highly coloured portrait and a very readable account of a complex individual with whom Mayor plainly has considerable empathy. The book therefore should find a wide audience and serve as an attractive introduction to its subject. The title Poison King would seem to suggest that perhaps Mayor, who is a noted authority in the field of ancient poisons, was first drawn to Mithridates because he, too, was a very great expert in such matters. However, Mayor goes far beyond such specialised interests and presents us with a richly detailed narrative of the king and his doings in which she constantly strives to put before us Mithridates' view of events.
There are, of course, gaps in our knowledge of Mithridates due to the state of our sources and Mayor attempts to fill them by imaginative reconstructions. Not so much a case of how things really were as how they might have been. This is not a course which will commend itself to all. For instance, however splendid the evocation of the landscape in pp.73-95 we may legitimately enquire if Mithridates' 'exile' from court was as Mayor describes it. Again we may wonder if there is any profit in describing what Sulla's fingers may have looked like (p.212). Moreover, I think we may attribute to that empathy we noted earlier the rather wistful attempt (pp.362-365) to suggest what might have happened at the end of the Third Mithridatic War if the King, instead of committing suicide, simply rode off into the sunset. Indeed I would add that I found far more fascinating than this speculation the few pages (pp.373-376) Mayor devotes to considering if Mithridates had a personality disorder.
Leaving aside now the problems posed by imaginative reconstruction it should be noted that there are a few instances of error or, at least, of questionable statements. Herodotus does not say the Persians learned from the Greeks to accept homosexuality, rather they learned of pederasty from them (p.89). Sulla and his army were not in Rome in the 90s B.C. when Marius met Mithridates (p.132). Marius was not a consul in 88 B.C. (p.165). I doubt if the Asiatic Vespers can be seen as a gesture of solidarity with the Social War rebels (p.174). Sulla did not destroy Athens (p.203). It is at least questionable whether the siege of Cyzicus began in 73 B.C. (p.270). In both the original (1992) and the revised version (forthcoming) of my biography of Lucullus I have argued in detail for 74 B.C. The writer was Sidonius not Sidonis Apollonaris (p.262).
But such reservations as I might have should not be seen as taking from what Mayor has undoubtedly achieved. She herself (p.11) says, 'Mithridates' incredible saga is a rollicking good story' and she has narrated it with verve, panache and scholarly skill.
Nell'Introduction, P. Ducrey sottolinea l'importanza di riunire sette studiosi apprezzati intorno a temi di loro specifica competenza per creare uno degli Entretiens sur l'antiquité classique per i quali la Fondation Hardt è giustamente famosa. In particolare il tema della sicurezza e dell'ordine pubblico è stato prescelto anche grazie all'interesse attuale che esso riveste.
Il primo saggio è di H. van Wees, Stasis, Destroyer of men. Mass, Elite, Political Violence and Security in Archaic Greece (pp. 1-39). L'autore descrive la società greca arcaica ed i violenti conflitti politici ed economici che coinvolgevano non solo le élites ma larghi strati delle comunità, mettendo in rilievo come tali conflitti non erano molto dissimili dalle staseis della Grecia classica. Nelle loro opere i poeti mostrano come le lotte intestine, più che gli attacchi dei nemici, abbiano effetti distruttivi sulle città, in una visione comune anche agli storici. Van Wees analizza le varie forme di violenza delle élites, in particolare il colpo di stato, spesso realizzato con poco spargimento di sangue, ma a volte attraverso la violenza armata. Le rivalità tra le élites per gli onori e il peso politico creava grande insicurezza nella città arcaica il principale tentativo di contenere questa violenza fu costituito dalle riforme di Clistene che, secondo lo studioso, diedero grande protezione ai poveri contro gli abusi. L'ostracismo, poi, offrì un mezzo perfetto per convogliare in canali non violenti sia le rivalità nelle élites sia lo scontento popolare. Discussione alle pp. 40-48.
W. Riess, Private Violence and State Control. The Prosecution of Homicide and its Symbolic Meanings in Fourth-Century BC Athens (pp. 49-92). Lo studioso si chiede dapprima come riuscì lo stato ateniese a contenere la violenza non essendo dotato di una regolare forza di polizia e, quindi, quanta autotutela sia accettabile in uno stato che ufficialmente proclama il razionale governo della legge. Nella persecuzione dell'omicidio la tensione tra autotutela privata e controllo statale rimane evidente anche in età classica. La normale procedura con la quale la famiglia della vittima cominciava a perseguire l'omicidio era la dike phonou, ma l'autotutela aveva un ruolo di primo piano nella seconda tra le procedure più importanti, l'apagoge. Riess analizza la flessibilità procedurale del diritto ateniese da una prospettiva simbolica. Per lo studioso, infatti, la scelta della procedura invia messaggi simbolici alle varie corti sottolineando differenti concetti di diritto e coinvolgendo la comunità politica a vari livelli: scegliendo una dike phonou, per esempio, sembra che si volesse enfatizzare la legalità dell'iniziativa scegliendo un'apagoge, invece, si enfatizzava il fatto che il crimine aveva delle amplissime dimensioni politiche. Dopo un esame minuzioso di tutti i casi di omicidio e della relativa procedura di repressione attestati dalle fonti, Riess perviene alla conclusione che il diritto ateniese in questa materia era fondamentalmente orientato su base privata, con la dike phonou che era la procedura primaria. Riguardo alla tensione tra autotutela e controllo statale il diritto ateniese era un ibrido: da una parte, effettivamente, il controllo statale non poteva far nulla senza iniziativa privata e autotutela dall'altra, Draconte aveva intrapreso passi decisivi per ridurre la faida di sangue, almeno nei casi di omicidio involontario. Alla fine una Appendix (pp. 93-94), nella quale sono elencati gli omicidi attestati ad Atene tra il 422 e il 350 a.C. e la forma della loro repressione, e la Discussione (pp. 95-101).
A. Chaniotis, Policing the Hellenistic Countryside. Realities and Ideologies (pp.103-145). In molti decreti del mondo ellenistico ricorrono espressioni formulari che esprimono una delle necessità fondamentali delle comunità greche di questo periodo: la tutela della chora. Anche quando tali iscrizioni non sono specificamente rivolte ad esigenze protezionistiche del territorio, ma ineriscono alla materia fiscale o finanziaria, la preoccupazione relativa alla phylake tes choras risulta essere un dato costante. Chaniotis in sei paragrafi ricostruisce l'ideologia sottostante alla salvaguardia degli interessi territoriali delle comunità interessate, vagliando le singole realtà esaminate attraverso il puntuale richiamo epigrafico. Lo studioso introduce l'argomento presentando un decreto ateniese del 325 a.C. (IG. II 2 1629) sono poi illustrate sei differenti prospettive sulla sicurezza dei luoghi e sui pericoli cui la popolazione può essere esposta. Si occupa, quindi, dettagliatamente della varietà di pericoli per il territorio: invasioni nemiche attacchi di briganti perpetrati ai danni di viaggiatori, commercianti, pellegrini e pastori incursioni di gruppi di etnia barbara comportamenti illeciti di soggetti che sfruttano indebitamente le risorse della chora assalti di pirati o di altre comunità conflitti civili rivolte di guarnigioni nei forti e occupazione dei forti stessi da parte di esuli. La fuga di schiavi invece sembra rappresentare un pericolo solo in situazioni eccezionali tuttavia, specifiche norme regolavano la loro permanenza nei santuari come supplici e la loro cattura. Sono poi analizzate le misure di difesa impiegate, quali la costruzione di postazioni fortificate vigilate da guarnigioni, o l'istituzione di truppe regolarmente addette alla sorveglianza, ma anche inviate da sovrani stranieri, o, infine, presidii di milizie cittadine, composte in genere da efebi. Nelle città di consistenti dimensioni le iscrizioni testimoniano la presenza di ufficiali preposti esclusivamente alla salvaguardia del territorio. Le funzioni di controllo degli (h)orophylakes sono trattate da Chaniotis in un apposito paragrafo (il 5, erroneamente indicato come 4), in cui è evidenziata la variabilità delle loro prerogative in base al contesto geografico considerato. In chiusura sono esaminate epigrafi aventi ad oggetto le dedicazioni religiose compiute dalle guardie territoriali in cave e santuari: tra le attività di questi corpi esse sono quelle meglio attestate dalle fonti. Discussione alle pp. 146-153.
C. Brélaz, L'adieu aux armes: La défense de la cité grecque dans l'empire romain pacifié (pp. 155-196). In questo contributo, dal titolo suggestivo, lo studioso illustra come le città greche durante il principato romano abbiano accettato di abdicare ai loro diritti di fare guerra e come la smilitarizzazione abbia pesato nella storia della mentalità. Brélaz ritiene interessante studiare le ragioni per le quali si mantennero uno spirito militare e le manifestazioni relative in zone pacificate quali le comunità greche nell'età imperiale romana. Esordisce con un discutibile paragone tra le città oggetto, appunto, del suo studio, e la Svizzera, uno stato dove pur non essendoci guerre da più di 100 anni continuano a mantenersi vivi simboli ed istituzioni militari. 1 Compie quindi un'ampia panoramica dei problemi di smilitarizzazione delle città greche, della pax Romana dal punto di vista dei Greci, della conservazione della cultura militare, dell'immagine del soldato e sull'ephebia come istituzione tradizionale tipicamente militare del ruolo delle mura del problema della "guerra fantasma", cioè la competizione tra le città greche per ottenere onori e privilegi. Mette in rilievo come i conflitti interni sfociarono spesso in rivolte, assimilate dagli autori contemporanei ad atti di guerra, e come lo spirito militare delle città risorgesse in caso di saccheggio da parte di briganti o incursioni di barbari. In base a tutto questo, nelle "Conclusions" sottolinea l'attualità della tradizione militare e del tema della guerra nella vita pubblica di queste comunità, benché fossero state private del loro apparato militare, attraverso la conservazione di simboli militari. Queste città cercavano in vari modi di gestire la materia militare: attraverso l'idealizzazione del passato militare, nelle forme di espressione artistica, nell'esaltazione dei valori militari nella vita politica interna ed esterna e con l'esaltazione di ogni dimostrazione di forza. La tradizione militare, per quanto profondamente attenuata, sopravvive durante il principato e la guerra rimane una potenzialità, ragion per cui Brélaz può individuare caratteri di continuità dell'identità civica greca dall'epoca ellenistica fino a quella imperiale. Discussione alle pp. 197-204.
A. W. Lintott, How High a Priority did Public Order and Public Security have under the Republic (pp. 205-220). Nella prima parte dell'indagine evidenzia come durante la repubblica i Romani probabilmente consideravano la sicurezza sociale come il risultato di un conflitto piuttosto che della repressione. Tuttavia nel lungo periodo appare chiaro che la pace sociale poteva essere minata dai disordini prodotti mediante l'uso della violenza privata anche se finalizzata alla sicurezza e all'ordine pubblico. Lintott ritiene che la violenza "non produttiva" sia stata progressivamente eliminata dall'ordinamento romano. Le norme delle XII Tavole in materia di procedura civile ed esecuzione e quelle relative agli illeciti privatistici utilizzavano il principio di "giustizia popolare" nell'interesse dell'ordine giuridico con la formalizzazione della in ius vocatio e l'introduzione del vadimonium queste procedure furono modificate. Fondamentale per cogliere la relazione tra diritto e violenza è la tutela interdittale della possessio: nella valutazione pretoria la vis diventa il parametro per discriminare la legittimità del possesso attuale e della pretesa restitutoria dello spoliatus solo in ipotesi particolari il pretore poteva concedere eccezioni. A partire dall'età dei Gracchi la legislazione repubblicana comincia a reprimere in maniera sistematica la vis. Nella seconda parte del contributo lo studioso si sofferma sul ruolo dei tribuni della plebe nella storia della violenza politica. Dopo aver ricordato l'origine di questa magistratura, ed aver sottolineato l'importanza politica dell'intercessio tribunicia, Lintott esprime la convinzione che le prerogative dei tribuni potessero essere impiegate anche in chiave riconciliativa, allo scopo di evitare i disordini, come chiarito in alcuni episodi riferiti dalle fonti (Gell. N.A. 4. 14. 1-6 Liv. 42. 32. 7 Livii Per. 48 55). Con la lex Sempronia de capite civium furono aperte le porte al sistema delle quaestiones perpetuae le quali, oltre che oggetto di continua contesa tra senato e ceto equestre, costituirono anche una valvola di sicurezza per il risentimento e l'agitazione popolare: il corretto funzionamento di questi tribunali costituì per i Romani un'alternativa allo scontro violento. Discussione alle pp. 221-226.
R. MacMullen, The problem of the fanaticism (pp. 227-260). In questo suggestivo studio, MacMullen descrive il fanatismo, sconosciuto alle religioni politeistiche, come una devozione a una fede religiosa per la quale si è disposti anche a morire e le sue caratteristiche: il sentimento monoteistico per un solo dio l'irrazionalità delle azioni la difficoltà di controllo e il fatto che costituiva effettivamente un problema politico interno durante l'impero. Dopo aver illustrato il fenomeno attraverso le pagine di Flavio Giuseppe, in relazione alle tre rivolte ebraiche, descrive l'ostilità fra Ebrei e non Ebrei, e si sofferma sulle violenze contro la comunità cristiana e la persecuzione dei Cristiani da parte dei non Cristiani, che presentano caratteristiche analoghe a quelle degli Ebrei, soprattutto perché "they endured the most exquisite agonies with a smile" (p. 237). Il punto fondamentale, per lo studioso, è che il fanatismo è "a thing not of calculations but of feelings" (p. 235). Anche nel tardo impero i contrasti dovuti al fanatismo non furono sopiti: si diffusero quelli originati dalle diverse correnti religiose (Donatisti, Cecilianisti, Meliziani, ecc.): un dialogo tra i differenti gruppi basato sulla ragione era quasi impossibile. Il fanatismo era basato essenzialmente sulle emozioni, e non può essere spiegato se non entrando "in the affective zones of their (scil. of the fanatics) mind, not the cognitive". 2 Discussione alle pp. 252-260.
Y. Rivière, L'Italie, les îles et le continent. Recherches sur l'exil et l'administration du territoire impérial (Ier-IIIe siècles) (pp. 261-310). In questo bel saggio, lo studioso sceglie di affrontare il tema da un punto di vista cronologico, partendo da un approfondimento delle caratteristiche dell'esilio a partire dal principato di Augusto egli nota come a seconda dei periodi storici emergano preferenze per determinati gruppi di isole (tirreniche sotto il primo dei principes, da Tiberio in poi le Cicladi), e differenze anche nelle conseguenze patrimoniali per l'esiliato: sotto Augusto quest'ultimo poteva conservare il patrimonio ed avere anche un certo numero di accompagnatori in seguito viene a trovarsi in condizioni molto più misere. In epoca alto imperiale i condannati sono esiliati anche nelle isole del Mediterraneo occidentale, che essendo molto più grandi offrivano in genere condizioni di vita migliori nel tardo impero invece in quelle dell'Adriatico. Scopo dell'esilio era principalmente l'allontanamento da Roma del condannato ed il suo isolamento: costituisce di certo una manifestazione della potenza dell'imperatore, che poteva far mutare la condizione dell'esiliato con un atto di indulgentia. Dopo le riforme di Augusto e Tiberio l'istituto vive per tre secoli: vi sono la relegatio in insulam, che lasciava la cittadinanza al relegatus, persiste l'aqua et igni interdictio (tipica dell'età repubblicana) e nell'epoca dei Severi viene introdotta la deportatio, che implicava la perdita della cittadinanza le condizioni del relegatus sono ampiamente illustrate dai Digesta giustinianei, che danno altresì notizie sul ruolo subordinato al princeps del governatore della provincia nella gestione della condanna. Negli archivi imperiali, tuttavia, non vi sono notizie sui relegati, ma solo sui deportati, perché le sentenze ad essi relative dovevano essere vistate dal principe. Queste notizie sull'esilio testimoniano per Rivière soprattutto lo sforzo di razionalizzazione dei Romani.
Épilogue di C. Brélaz et P. Ducrey (311-316): gli studiosi fanno un bilancio dell'incontro di studio, notando come gli autori abbiano cercato di chiarire fino a che punto i problemi della sicurezza e dell'ordine pubblico siano stati presenti nelle varie epoche e come, di volta in volta, siano stati affrontati, con attenzione alle forme espressive utilizzate dalle fonti ed ai mezzi attuati per contrastare le minacce, e come le questioni dell'ordine pubblico abbiano costituito una preoccupazione costante dei regimi dell'antichità. Chiudono il volume un Index Locorum (pp. 317-334), che è però anche un indice dei nomi antichi, e l'Index auctorum recentiorum (pp. 335-340).
Questo volume costituisce un'opera di forte interesse, seppure soprattutto per gli specialisti. Anche se, infatti, presenta le fonti quasi sempre in traduzione, questo non è sufficiente a permetterne la lettura ad un pubblico non specializzato. Un elemento da sottolineare è il ricco dibattito che segue ogni saggio, che contribuisce a chiarire aspetti particolari delle singole relazioni, ed a volte contiene importanti approfondimenti dei vari temi discussi. Nel complesso il libro presenta una visione molto sfaccettata e direi quasi esaustiva di come il problema dell'ordine pubblico, della violenza in chiave antigiuridica e degli oppositori del regime sia stato posto nell'antichità greca e romana e come di volta in volta, a seconda dei mezzi a disposizione e delle diverse situazioni politiche, l'ordinamento abbia cercato di creare dei rimedi.
1. Il paragone non mi sembra particolarmente calzante (per tacere delle epoche e, quindi, dei contesti così enormemente diversi), per l'evidente differenza della condizione politica: la Svizzera è uno stato sovrano, le città greche erano sottoposte a Roma.
2. Il ruolo delle emozioni anche nel campo del diritto è oggetto di dibattito non solo negli Stati Uniti a partire dagli anni 90 del XX secolo: importante su questo tema il lavoro di Martha C. Nussbaum, Upheavals of Thought. The Intelligence of Emotions, Cambridge University Press, 2001 trad. it. L'intelligenza delle emozioni, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2004.
Venice has a rich Jewish history, albeit not a very proud one, dating back to the 1500’s. During this time, Europe as a whole wasn’t very welcoming of the Jews, and as a result, they had to travel far and wide just to find work and shelter. A majority of the Jews ended up in Venice as it is was one of the few cities where they could find employment. But here too, they were discriminated against and were made to stay in a separate neighbourhood, away from everyone else. And thus, was born the first ever Jewish Ghetto.
Located in between two of the city’s most ancient synagogues, the Jewish museum in Venice, provides an insight into the lives and traditions of Venetian Jews, and also enlightens viewers on the situation and plight of the community back in the 16th century. Some of the objects on display include ancient crowns, spires, keys, manuscripts, books and other liturgical materials that were of great use and importance to daily Jewish life.
This paper shows how Islamic astronomy played a significant role in the education of one of the most important Christian figures in the history of culture between eastern and western Europe, promoter of a crusade against the Ottoman Turks, namely Cardinal Bessarion (1400/1408–72). While the Byzantine polymath has generally been considered a purist of Ptolemaic astronomy, his interest in Islamic astronomy can be traced back to his youth and persisted throughout his life, as is testified by several sources from his manuscripts collection. It is misleading therefore to consider him a ‘purist’ of Ptolemy. The paper provides a survey of the texts of Islamic astronomy among the manuscripts of Bessarion’s estate. These are compared to Ptolemaic astronomy in order to assess the importance of Islamic astronomy within the framework of Bessarion’s collection. The results shed new light not only on Bessarion’s astronomical interests, but also on the reception of Islamic astronomy in non-Islamicate contexts in the fifteenth century, such as the late Byzantine Empire, Rhodes, Crete, Venice, and European humanism.
Leto’s humanism depended heavily on mastery and appreciation of the Latin language, which made grammar an important part of his scholarship and teaching. Ruysschaert 1954 and Ruysschaert 1961 offer an overview of Leto’s grammatical studies, while Accame Lanzillotta 1998, Accame Lanzillotta 1990, and Moscadi 1992 focus on his work with Marcus Terentius Varro (b. 116–d. 27 BCE ), an influential Roman grammarian.
Accame Lanzillotta, Maria. “Il commento varriano di Pomponio Leto.” Miscellanea greca e romana 15 (1990): 309–345.
An exhaustive overview, with plates, of Leto’s study of Varro’s grammatical treatise, analyzing the various textual witnesses and discussing what points in the text interested Leto and what he had to say about them.
Accame Lanzillotta, Maria. “Le annotazioni di Pomponio Leto ai libri VIII–X del De lingua Latina di Varrone.” Giornale italiano di filologia 51 (1998): 41–57.
Examines an autograph manuscript of Leto’s that contains his commentary to Varro, a key source for the grammatical teaching that occupied much of his attention while he was teaching in Rome.
Moscadi, Alessandro. “Festo nel corso di Pomponio Leto sul De lingua latina di Varrone.” Prometheus 18 (1992): 75–89.
Analyzes Leto’s grammatical studies, identifying his citations of the Roman grammarian Festus in his annotations to Varro’s De lingua latina.
Ruysschaert, José. “Les manuels de grammaire latine composés par Pomponio Leto.” Scriptorium 8.1 (1954): 98–107.
Brings to bear new evidence to fill out and correct the account in Zabughin 1909–1910 (cited under Modern Studies of Leto’s Life and Works) of the grammar treatises written by Leto over the course of his lifetime. Also contains texts of two brief documents relevant to the discussion.
Ruysschaert, José. “À propos des trois premières grammaires latines de Pomponio Leto.” Scriptorium 15.1 (1961): 68–75.
An overview of three newly identified manuscripts that allow the step-by-step reconstruction of Leto’s work in the field of Latin grammar.
Strapper Jimmy Kean, Royal Gem, and a love story…
In a recent post, I traced Jim Kean all the way to January 1949, as he headed off to America accompanying top-performing racehorse Royal Gem to a new home in America. Royal Gem had just been bought for 150,000 USD (a very significant sum at the time) by Mr. Warner L. Jones Jr., owner of Hermitage Stud Farm in Kentucky, most likely on behalf of a syndicate. (The Adelaide News reported that the planned stud fee would be £312.)
Forthcoming in this series
Guillaume de Machaut, The Complete Poetry and Music, Vol 12: The Ballades
Edited by Yolanda Plumley, Anne Stone, Tamsyn Mahoney-Steel and R. Barton Palmer
Guillaume de Machaut, the most important poet and composer of late medieval France, was a pioneer of a new school of lyric composition. The forty-two ballades that Machaut set to music reflect his most adventurous musical thinking all but one of them are polyphonic settings and they are the earliest extant examples of a new order of chanson in the intricate Ars nova style associated with the period. This fresh edition of Machaut's ballades is designed to meet the needs of advanced scholars and musicians as well as students and performers new to Machaut's work. The lyrics, with full English translation, are presented at the end of each work. Supporting materials include: an introduction discussing the life of the author and his artistic achievement, providing insights into the poetry and music of the ballades notes for performance and pronunciation an art-historical commentary on the accompanying manuscript illuminations and detailed commentaries, including collation of manuscript variants, for each work.
Guillaume de Machaut, The Complete Poetry and Music, Vol 11: The Rondeaux and Virelais
Edited by Yolanda Plumley, Uri Smilansky, Tamsyn Mahoney-Steel, Anne Stone and R. Barton Palmer
Guillaume de Machaut, the most important poet and composer of late medieval France, was a pioneer of a new school of lyric composition in his day. His works influenced musicians and poets in France and across Europe in his own time and in the generations that followed. Machaut was instrumental in the development of the so-called 'fixed forms' that dominated secular song composition from ca. 1350 onward. He played a significant role in developing the rondeau and the virelai forms. This fresh edition is designed to meet the needs both of advanced scholars and musicians as well as students and performers new to Machaut's work. The lyrics are presented with full English translation at the end of each work, and supporting materials include: an introduction that discusses the life of the author and his artistic achievement and provides fresh insights into the poetry and music of these songs notes for performance and pronunciation an art-historical commentary on the accompanying manuscript illuminations and detailed commentaries, including collation of manuscript variants, for each work.
Guillaume de Machaut, The Complete Poetry and Music, Vol 10: The Lays
Translated by R. Barton Palmer and edited by Uri Smilansky, Yolanda Plumley and Tamsyn Mahoney-Steel
Guillaume de Machaut, the most important poet and composer of late medieval France, was a pioneer of a new school of lyric composition. Machaut was the last composer to produce a corpus of lays set to music the lay was considered the most challenging of the so-called 'fixed forms' that dominated song composition in this period and Machaut played a leading role in perfecting the form. This fresh edition of Machaut's lays is designed to meet the needs of advanced scholars and musicians as well as students and performers new to Machaut's work. The lyrics, with full English translation, are presented at the end of each work, and supporting materials include: an introduction discussing the life of the author and his artistic achievement, providing fresh insights into the poetry and music of the lays notes for performance and pronunciation an art-historical commentary on the accompanying manuscript illumination and detailed commentaries, including collation of manuscript variants, for each work.
Le Roman de Saladin: Middle French with Modern English Translation
Edited by Tara Foster, Rebecca A. Wilcox and Marie Lindsay Turner
Available for the first time in modern English translation, the fifteenth-century Roman de Saladin gives a highly romanticized account of the famed sultan and provides a unique perspective on medieval European attitudes toward the Crusades and the “Islamic enemy” that continue to influence Western perceptions to this day. With its engaging story and energetic characters, the romance evokes enough common medieval literary tropes to put it in conversation with other medieval (or modern) texts, but it offers material that is also strikingly different from many of the texts most frequently taught in courses dealing with the Middle Ages. It will prove useful to scholars and instructors in a broad range of disciplines.
Middle English Poems on the Childhood of Jesus
While it is well known that devotion to Christ's humanity and to his merciful mother Mary flourished in the later Middle Ages, the circulation of vernacular legends about Jesus' childhood, about which Scripture says very little, has not been adequately studied. To better understand affective piety, conceptualizations of children, and the various aspects of anti-Judaism in late-medieval England, this volume explores the legends that describe how the young Jesus interacted with those around him in his childhood, specifically, how a playful and vengeful God caused much unrest within his community. This contextual examination of these legends also reveals how devotional narratives overlapped with secular romances, how literature, art, and theology interacted with each other, and how Christ remained a figure of awe and reverence, even as medieval English Christians frequently meditated on a passive Jesus who endured brutal tortures and a shameful death.
John Gower, Vox Clamantis, Vol 1, Books II-IV
Edited and translated by Stephanie Batkie and Matthew W. Irvin
John Gower's Vox Clamantis, a complaint and analysis of medieval English society written in the shadow of the 1381 Peasant Rising, is a major work of Anglo-Latin poetry by one of medieval England's best-known poets. This new facing-page edition and verse translation pays close attention to Gower's poetic forms and wordplay, bringing its lively criticism and rhetorical power to modern audiences. It also provides extensive explanatory notes, exploring Gower's relationship to classical, Biblical, liturgical, and contemporary sources, as well as a critical introduction, which examines Gower's poetic methodology, and the relationship of the Vox to his major poems in English and French.
The Destruction of Jerusalem, or Titus and Vespasian
Edited by Kara L. McShane and Mark J.B. Wright
Within the English fall of Jerusalem tradition, nearly all scholarly attention has gone to Siege of Jerusalem, which has enjoyed critical and pedagogical attention of late. Michael Livingston’s 2004 edition with the Middle English Texts Series/MIP drew attention to the text, and Adrienne Williams Boyarin has recently published a new translation with Broadview Press that appears in the Broadview Anthology of British Literature’s medieval volume (and as a stand-alone volume). With this edition of the Destruction of Jerusalem, we hope to bring the poem (which is extant in more copies than Siege) into the conversation. METS/MIP is precisely the right series and press to publish Destruction. The work would complement METS volumes such as The King of Tars, Richard Coer de Lion, and Crusades romances such as Three Middle English Charlemagne Romances. Indeed, given METS’s broad offerings in Middle English romance, the series is a natural home for Destruction. Destruction would be of tremendous value particularly in courses focused on Crusades traditions, traditions of medieval anti-Semitism, vernacular theology, or late medieval depictions of difference more broadly, matters of considerable scholarly and pedagogical interest to medievalists of late.
The world's most extraordinary libraries
I t is a measure of how important books are to us that some of the most beautiful buildings and interiors in the world are libraries. For the centuries before the invention of the printing press, when every book had to be copied by hand, they were our most valuable possessions, and even now, when digitisation and cheap printing make them readily available to everyone, we still treasure the places where we read and study. This collection of libraries takes in everything from spectacular Baroque monasteries to the airy, serene reading rooms of the present day, embracing the best of all spaces to get lost in a book.
Prague's Strahov Monastery was founded in 1143 by the Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré. It underwent major rebuilding throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, which included the creation of this library, the Theological Hall, in the 1780s. The ceiling fresco by Anton Maulbertsch is a depiction of "The Intellectual Progress of Mankind", from Adam and Eve to the classical philosophers, along with saints and historical figures associated with the abbey. The hall holds more than 42,000 volumes.
In 2011, the Stuttgart municipal library moved from its previous home in a former royal palace to this new building designed by Korean architect Young Yi in Mailänder Platz. The building is a grey cube on the outside, but glows blue in the evening. Its openness to people of all nations is symbolised by the inscriptions on the outer walls: the word "Library" in silver letters is in English on the west wall, in German on the north, in Korean on the East and in Arabic on the south.
The library of the University of Coimbra dates to the 18th century and the reign of Portugal's King John V, for whom the building is named. It houses around 200,000 volumes within its Baroque interiors, including treasures from the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The library is also famous for its colony of bats, who consume insects that might otherwise damage the rare texts.
Part of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, this library was originally the royal library, moved to these premises by Louis XIV when the Louvre ran out of storage capacity in the 1660s. The building was once the palace of Cardinal Mazarin, the Chief Minister of France under Louis XIV and an insatiable book collector. He bequeathed his collection to the state upon his death in 1661, and the library later expanded into the neighbouring buildings. The famous Labrouste Reading Room was designed in the 1860s by Pierre-François-Henri Labrouste, using 16 iron pillars inspired by Parisian markets and railway stations.
The Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library is one of the biggest rare book libraries in the world, housed within a Modernist cube on the Yale campus. The cube shape is echoed on the inside by a central glass stack tower which holds around 100,000 of the library's volumes. A public exhibition hall surrounds it, displaying among other treasured texts one of the 48 extant copies of the Gutenberg Bible.
The Black Diamond was built in 1999 as an extension to the old building of the Royal Danish Library in central Copenhagen. Designed by Danish architects Schmidt Hammer Lassen, the building is clad in polished black granite, with a striking central ‘crevasse’ in glass which floods the central atrium with natural light.
The Bodleian is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, founded in 1602 as a continuation of an Oxford library which had existed since the early 1300s. A major donation of manuscripts by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester in the 1430s cemented the library’s reputation, but the extensive support of Thomas Bodley at the beginning of the 17th century gave the library its name and impressive Gothic buildings. The Bodleian contains one of the most extensive and valuable book collections in the world, including a Gutenberg Bible and the First Folio of Shakespeare.
What started in the seventh century as a hermitage for an Irish monk near the shores of Lake Constance eventually became one of the richest of all medieval monasteries. The library at St Gall has survived fires, invading Magyars, the Reformation, and even the abbey's secularization at the end of the 18th century. It is still one of the most important collections of medieval manuscripts in the world, and houses around 160,000 books in its sumptuous Rococo building.
The library of ancient Alexandria, built in the 3rd century BC by the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt, was the most significant centre of learning of its time in the world, gathering together a vast collection of Greek texts along with the scholars who flocked to read them. Major advances in geography, astronomy, and medicine were made at Alexandria until the library declined in importance after the Roman conquest. The current Alexandrian library is a tribute to its ancient predecessor's achievements, as well as an important repository for Arabic and French texts. It celebrates the ideal of global learning in its very architecture: the granite exterior is carved with characters from 120 different languages.
The Library of Congress stretches back to the earliest days of American independence originally established by James Madison, the library was burned during the British invasion in 1814, and Thomas Jefferson offered up his own personal library to replace its fledgling collection. Now it is said to be the largest library in the world–around 15,000 volumes arrive at its doors every day, since everything published in the US is required to be deposited there. The buildings on Capitol Hill are open to anyone, as long as they sign up for a reader's card.
As its name suggests, the library at Trinity College, Cambridge was a creation of the great architect Sir Christopher Wren. Large windows flood the space with light, while marble busts (mostly carved by) Louis-François Roubiliac of eminent Trinity men keep watch on the scholars as they work. Wren designed the bookcases, each of which features a Grinling Gibbons carving at its end. The library has many important possessions, including the manuscript of Milton's poems and Isaac Newton's notebook.
The city of Baltimore in the nineteenth century was a bustling industrial seaport and a place where fortunes were made. One of these fortunes, that of wealthy merchant George Peabody, went towards the founding of this library, which originally belonged to the Peabody Institute, but was incorporated into Johns Hopkins University in 1982. The building was designed by Edmund George Lind, and features a spectacular central reading room with six storeys of wrought-iron galleries.
Prague's Clementinum complex has had quite a varied history, beginning life in the 11th century as a chapel to St Clement, transforming into a Dominican monastery, a Jesuit college, and part of the national university. The library here has existed since at least the seventeenth century, and is now the national library of the Czech Republic. The baroque interior houses many relics of its Jesuit past, including portraits of the order's saints and globes created by its members.
The New York Public Library actually has more than ninety buildings around the vast city, but its main branch, the Beaux-Arts building in Bryant Park, Manhattan, is of course the most famous, and makes regular appearances in film and TV. The library owes its existence to some of America's wealthiest philanthropists: a legacy from John Jacob Astor created the first of the libraries that would be merged in 1895 to form the NYPL, and a later donation by Andrew Carnegie ensured its expansion and survival.
Named for Venice's patron saint, St Mark, the Jacopo-Sansovino-designed Bibliotheca Marziana dates all the way back to the sixteenth century, when the Italian Renaissance was in full bloom and classical texts were frequently being rediscovered and rescued from obscurity. The heart of its original collection was the library of Cardinal Bessarion, a Greek Orthodox abbot who had become a Catholic cardinal, and one of the most important humanists and book-collectors of his age.
The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, founded in 1558 as the court library of Duke Albrecht V, is one of the most important research libraries in the world, with a collection of more than 10 million books. Its collection was founded on that of Johann Jakob Fugger, who had assembled a treasure trove of medieval manuscripts which still yields new discoveries: a scholar came across an 11th-century codex of homilies by the Alexandrian theologian Origen as recently as 2012.
In the village of Huairou on the outskirts of Beijing, this serene library with its timber frame blends seamlessly into its countryside surroundings. Designed by architect Li Xiaodong, the frame is filled in by the wooden sticks which the village's inhabitants gather to fuel their cooking stoves. Its very understatedness makes it an important foil to the imposing libraries of urban environments.
Trinity College Library in Dublin is the recipient of many more tourists than most of the places on this list, since it houses one of Ireland's most significant national treasures - the 9th-century illuminated gospel book known as the Book of Kells. Its extravagant, complex illumination has influenced the development of Irish art, and visitors stream in to see it every day. Like its Cambridge counterpart, this Trinity reading room is also punctuated by the marble busts of great writers and patrons of the college, also created by Roubiliac and Scheemakers.
The new building of Warsaw's university library eschews the grand columns and elaborate decoration of many important libraries, focusing instead on environmental credentials. Designed in the 1990s, it includes a botanical garden covering the roof of the main building, filled with bridges, streams, pathways, sculptures and plants.
The Vatican's library is surely one of the most impressive in the world, and comprises around 75,000 manuscripts and 1.1 million printed books, both theological and secular. Among its most important possessions is Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209, the oldest known nearly complete manuscript of the Bible, which sits in state-of-the-art climate-controlled surroundings, among 26 miles of shelving for the library's immense collection. | <urn:uuid:8e9819ab-581b-4fde-b858-1c6add00224a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mw.vwfuncup.be/7213-biblioteca-nazionale-marciana-a-treasure-trove-of-an.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.67085 | 13,065 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Beginning January this year, first-year students at the School of Architecture began designing houses in New Haven.
The student designs are unfolding as part of the Jim Vlock Building Project, a competition that tasks students with envisioning and constructing a complete house in one of New Haven’s neighborhoods. The initiative was created in 1967 to give students hands-on experience and a glimpse of what the architecture profession is truly like. Now run by Critic and Director of the Building Project Adam Hopfner ARC ’99, the portion of the curriculum is an “important part of the school,” said Dean of the School of Architecture Robert A.M. Stern ARC ’65.
“This is an opportunity for the students to get an idea of the relationship between the professional work and the field work,” said Paul Brouard, who ran the project for 42 years before his recent retirement.
This year’s construction, to be erected at 179 Scranton St. in the West River neighborhood, is a small 800 square-foot, two-family home. Its most notable feature will be its “replicability” — the hope is that the house’s minimalistic design will be reproduced throughout the neighborhood and New Haven more broadly, explained Katherine Stege ARC ’16, one of the group leaders in this year’s competition.
The selection process began in late March, when each of the 54 students in their first year at the school presented an individual design in front of a panel of judges. Seven designs have been chosen to continue the competition on the basis of their originality and clarity, among other factors, said participant Jessica Flore Angel ARC ’16. The students have now coalesced into seven groups, each consisting of seven or eight students, and have until April 24 to refine and finish their ideas. A panel of judges, comprised of potential clients, faculty and Dean Stern, will select the best design in late April, and the winning concept will be built during the summer by students and a group of specialized workers.
Brouard explained that the nature of the project has changed significantly over the years. Early iterations of the project were built not in New Haven, but in the Appalachians, West Virginia and other areas of Connecticut, where the students designed and constructed not houses but pavilions, medical centers and city parks. The “evolutionary process,” Brouard said, moved the project to New Haven after the organization Habitat for Humanity became involved. The group suggested building houses in New Haven as a means of reaching out to the local community and allowing the students to produce more complete architectural structures than just concert or theatre stages, as had been done in Bridgeport.
“Historically, the projects had been criticized for not pushing the architecture far enough,” Stege said.
In the current iteration of the project, Stege noted, participants are required to blend their original designs with an awareness of the context of the community where the house will be erected. She added that the students are collaborating with nonprofit clients contracted to help build the home.
“By building a new house we might give a leg up to people who might be encouraged to fix up their own houses,” Stern said.
The house will be dedicated in late September in a ceremony attended by New Haven Mayor Toni Harp and University President Peter Salovey.
Correction: April 16
A previous version of this article mistakenly stated that the address of the house being built by the Vlock Building Project as 179 State St.; in fact it is 179 Scranton St. Additionally, the article incorrectly spelled the name Jessica Flore Angel, and mistakenly attributed the title of “Professor” to Critic and Director of the Building Project Adam Hopfner. The students also began their designs in January, and not after Spring Break as previously stated. | <urn:uuid:e7297b68-33ed-4167-8dc6-2342ed65c6d6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2014/04/16/architecture-students-design-new-haven-homes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00299-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968261 | 799 | 1.867188 | 2 |
According to IHS Automotive, global vehicle production will surpass 100 million vehicles by 2018. In 2013, vehicle production was 82.8 million, so this represents an increase of more than 20%. North American auto companies are operating at close to capacity, and we may be hearing talk of capacity constraints if demand continues to accelerate and automakers and suppliers do not adjust quickly enough.
With stock prices having experienced very strong returns in the last two years, and considering that the automotive industry is a cyclical one, it is useful for investors to consider where we are in the cycle and where stock prices are in terms of reflecting the good times.
Two-year stock price performance
First off, let’s review the stock performance of some of the auto companies in the last two years. As seen below, performance has been stellar.
What is driving the auto industry’s strong fundamentals?
In the United States, the housing and economic recovery has given consumers the financial ability to replace their old cars. Given that the average age of vehicles on the road is 11.4 years old, it’s easy to understand why there is motivation to do so. In other parts of the world, such as China, India, and South America, the emerging middle class in these countries is fueling big demand increases.
May auto sales numbers are strong
The May sales numbers for the big automakers were once again very strong. Ford’s sales were expected to decline, but instead surprised analysts and increased 3%. Ford’s sales in India increased 105% and were up 32% in China, Chrysler’s sales increased 17%, GM’s sales increased 13%, Nissan’s sales increased 18.8%, and Toyota’s sales increased 17%. Light trucks and SUVs are still seeing strong sales, which is a sign that consumers have adjusted to the higher cost of gas, and low rates continue to support auto purchases.
But are there signs of a slowdown?
One data point that is considered to be a red flag is the factory orders that were recently released. More specifically, new automobile orders show a decline of 14%, which is a sign that the current pace will slow. Looking further into the future, with improved technology, cars now have a much longer life expectancy, so as consumers replace their old cars, the replacement cycle will be longer.
What does all this mean for stock prices?
Ford has unquestionably had a great turnaround over the last few years. The company is on the road to healthy earnings growth, and its results in India and China are particularly encouraging, as the emerging middle class in these economies should continue to drive strong auto demand. The stock currently has a dividend yield of almost 3% and trades at a P/E ratio of less than 11 times.
We are seeing one of the risks of owning auto manufacturers, or OEMs, in the current events at General Motors. The company’s recalls have resulted in a stock price decline from over $40 at the beginning of the year to lows of $32 in April, yet the stock still trades at a P/E of 20 times. As an alternative, investors can look to a lower-risk way invest in the automotive industry, and suppliers to the OEMs offer this.
Being a supplier to many different OEMs, Magna has exposure to the auto industry as a whole, but it is less sensitive to a specific brand or class of car, which helps to mitigate the risk. Even in good times, investors should always be on the lookout to minimize the risk that they are taking. Considering that GM and Ford are two of Magna’s biggest customers, the strong sales numbers that they have seen as of late will translate to Magna’s sales numbers. Magna trades at a P/E of just over 15 times.
The bottom line
The automotive industry and auto stocks are experiencing very positive fundamentals. Investors can reasonably expect this to continue but must remember that this is a cyclical industry and big gains have been made, so a close eye must be kept on new orders, inventory levels, and interest rate levels. | <urn:uuid:6dcec99a-7081-413a-8476-59a756fe1f88> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fool.ca/2014/06/09/can-auto-stocks-continue-their-meteoric-rise/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.962802 | 842 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Yarn is a versatile medium to create crafts. Besides the obvious scarves, sweaters and socks, yarn can be used to weave baskets. There is no need for advanced weaving skills to create baskets. The technique is simple enough for even children to learn. Use items from around the house or templates for baskets from craft stores to create baskets for a variety of occasions.
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Office Supply Basket
Transform a styrofoam cup into a basket for holding pens, scissors and miscellaneous office supplies. Cut vertical strips from top to bottom on the cup. Try to keep the strips even. Tie the yarn to the bottom of one of the strips. Weave the yarn in between the strips. Pull tightly as you weave. Then push down on each row of yarn. To add another colour of yarn, weave the other colour back to where you started and tie a knot. Tie the new yarn right above the knot and start weaving. A paper cup can be substituted for a styrofoam one.
Yarn baskets are easier to make by using premade basket templates. They can be foam or wire and are found at many craft stores. They have a solid centre and several spokes protruding from them. To use a basket template to create a basket, tie one end of string at the base of one of the spokes. Weave the yarn in and out of the spokes. Make as many rows of the yarn as you want. Push the yarn tightly as you weave and push down each row. Continue this pattern until you reach the top. Tie a knot when you reach the top.
Save old fruit baskets to turn into organisers for your desk. Use them to hold stray rubber bands or push pins. Start with a plastic basket. Tie the yarn to one bottom corner of the basket. Weave across one side of the basket from the bottom to the top. Weave the yarn along one side of the basket. When you get to the end of a row, wrap around one more time and then send it through the hole on the next row. Weave across again and repeat. Tie a knot at the end and cut the yarn. Repeat on the other sides in different colours or make them all the same. Pull on the yarn so it is tight.
Let kids make a basket perfect for holding all of their eggs and candy. Start with a paper bowl. Cut slits from the top down the sides to create five or six sections to weave the yarn around. Stop 1/4 inch from the bottom. Cut a piece of yarn 2 or 3 feet long. Tie off the end of the yarn to the bottom of one of the sections. Weave the yarn around the sections. Secure the yarn to the paper bowl by tying a knot where it ends. Start another section of yarn. Continue until the bowl is completely covered. Now cut an 18- to 24-inch piece of yarn. Tie each end of the yarn to a side of the basket to make a handle. Fill with plastic grass and send the children on an egg hunt.
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- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for | <urn:uuid:709f5070-999b-4a70-aaab-f24ee26fd791> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_8587617_simple-yarn-basket-weaving-projects.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00444-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927026 | 657 | 3 | 3 |
Whois History: How to Check the Domain Owner History
Last week, we published an interesting topic about newly registered domain names, and how monitoring these could help the infosec industry investigate malicious incidents such as malware, viruses and phishing campaigns.
Newly registered domain feeds
In the current digital era, information is power, and the Internet is run by two main things: domain names and IP addresses. Without both, there would be is no way to reach online services.
Domain Security & Solutions, Part 4: How to Protect your Account at your Registrar
Not all entrepreneurs and developers are truly aware of the implications of losing a domain name. That’s why keeping it secure has to be one of your top priorities when running a company or business with an online presence.
Domain Security & Solutions, Part 3: Stale DNS Records & Subdomain Takeover Attacks
Since the beginning, the Internet has been powered by servers. Going back a few decades, most companies used bare metal servers. Then came VPS servers, which allowed people to run virtual operating systems in a single dedicated server with different applications, database technologies, and more.
Domain Security & Solutions, Part 2: Phishing & Trademark Infringement Attacks
Millions of emails are sent every day, and a few of them will surely hit your inbox. Apart from your personal, notification and corporate emails, you’ll undoubtedly be asked to open emails from “companies” inviting you to update your account’s personal details with a certain bank, or with other popular online services such as Google, Apple or Dropbox.
Domain Security & Solutions – Part 01: Cybersquatting & Copyright Infringement
When we think about cyber attacks and general network threats, we usually imagine massive flood attacks, SQL injections and web application vulnerabilities.
Domain Profiler: How to build a full domain infrastructure overview
Information is power, and here on the Internet that’s one of the biggest truths no one can deny. When you have the right information at the right time, and you know how to use it, your success is practically guaranteed.
Whois Lookup: Definition and Examples
It encompasses millions of users on the Internet. And it doesn’t matter if you’re a web designer, the owner of a car company, a photographer, a fast food restaurant manager, or any kind of business owner — you’re part of it even if you don’t know it.
Domain Tools: top DNS, IP and Domain utilities to investigate any website
Domain names are one of the top things you will check when it comes to a cybersecurity investigation. They are the key to open a treasure trove that, when analyzed correctly, may reveal deep secrets about the company, individuals, servers, IPs, network technology and DNS zones behind the TLD.
Domain Theft: How to Avoid Buying Stolen Domain Names and Protect Your Own Domains
Previously we shared some interesting tips about domain hijacking, where we discussed a few concepts, information and tips to prevent this kind of malicious activity against your domain names. Domain stealing, also known as domain theft, is a common criminal activity on the Internet. It consists in transferring your domain name illegally to another registrar, without you knowing about it. | <urn:uuid:403b9c33-b043-4c8c-bf5f-d5c9fdaa2910> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://securitytrails.com/blog/tag=domains | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.895251 | 676 | 1.976563 | 2 |
We face the very real danger of an emboldened and resurgent oil industry, positioned ever more centrally within our political and economic systems.
The coronavirus pandemic has given human society a jolt, sent the world economy into depression, and is producing what looks like the sharpest-ever cut in the level of greenhouse gas emissions.
Is this going to help or hinder us in tackling climate change in the coming years and decades? Will it speed up or slow down the transition away from fossil fuels?
It could go either way, in my view. It depends on what governments do – but also on what society does, what we all do.
What we do is a question with many moving parts with a couple of consistent themes. On one hand, capitalism thrives by emerging from the crises it has created; its powerful drivers endlessly seek new ways of producing, profiteering and exploiting. We will be up against that logic, whatever happens.
On the other hand, those crises – and the pandemic, with the resulting economic chaos, certainly counts as one of the greatest – produce glimpses of how we could live differently. They contain the possibilities of futures free of capitalism, in which we can take effective strides away from the wretched fossil-fuelled economy.
The historical analogies are not comforting. Past economic crashes gave way to accelerated economic expansion and accelerated greenhouse gas emissions.
The 1930s depression and the second world war, the greatest dislocation of the world economy in the twentieth century, was followed by the post-war boom. That was the longest consistent period of expansion of the world capitalist economy ever; a period of unprecedentedly steep increases in fossil fuel use; and the start of what earth systems scientists call the “great acceleration” of impacts of human economic activity on the natural world.
The 2008-09 financial and economic crisis was the prelude to a rapid acceleration of greenhouse gas emissions – despite the fact that the world’s governments had already been promising for two decades to prioritise decarbonisation.
The crash this year is much more serious than in the one in 2008-09.Carbon Brief estimates that, due to the impact of the coronavirus on economic activity, greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 could be 2 billion tonnes – more than 5 percent – lower than in 2019. But their report warns:
We face the very real danger of an emboldened and resurgent oil industry, positioned ever more centrally within our political and economic systems.
Even this would not come close to bringing the 1.5C global temperature limit within reach. Global emissions would need to fall by some 7.6 percent every year this decade – nearly 2,800MtCO2 in 2020 – in order to limit warming to less than 1.5C above pre-industrial temperatures.
China is coming out of its coronavirus lockdown – or maybe, the first of its coronavirus lockdowns – and emissions are getting back to their previous levels quite quickly. Their carbon emissions were down by a quarter during February, but over the next seven weeks (March and early April, roughly) “returned to normal levels”, according to expert analysis by Lauri Myllyvirta of the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air. Myllyvirta warns:
As before, however, the Chinese government’s coming stimulus in response to the disruption could outweigh these shorter-term impacts on energy and emissions, as it did after the global financial crisis and the 2015 domestic economic downturn.
While Chinese banks have cut their forecasts of how fast GDP will grow, the Communist Party Central Committee meeting in March emphasised the goal of doubling GDP in the decade to 2020 – which implies almost 6% GDP growth this year.
The government could try to hit that target by accelerating investment in fossil-fuel-heavy industries such as steel-making and construction, Myllyvirta writes – which would clearly undermine decarbonisation. Most alarming is the fact that in the first half of March, authorities in China gave permits to build more coal-fired power station capacity (7.96 gigawatts) than they did in the whole of 2019 (6.31 gigawatts).
In Australia, which supplies China and other Asian economies with coal, the mining industry has been exempted from lockdown regulations.
Demand for oil has crashed, sending some prices negative for the first time ever. Right now, global oil demand is between a quarter and a third lower than the average for last year, about 100 million barrels per day (b/d).
The International Energy Agency estimates that demand in April will be 29 million b/d lower than last year; the US Energy Information Agency reckons, 18 million b/d lower. Both think it will bounce back, and for 2020 as a whole end up at around one-tenth lower than last year.
Trafigura, one of the world’s biggest oil trading firms, reckons the demand collapse is even more drastic, and that demand is now 35 million b/d lower than last year.
In mid March, oil prices collapsed, and last week they went negative. Brent crude (the main marker price for crude oil on this side of the Atlantic), went below $20/barrel for the first time since 2002.
Still more dramatically, on Monday last week – with storage tanks filling up and room to store newly-produced crude in the USA running out – the West Texas Intermediate price, a key marker in the USA, sank to minus $40/barrel before recovering to plus $11.57/barrel.
Yes, the producers had to pay traders to take the oil off their hands, as they had nowhere to store it! The effect was exacerbated by some firms hoovering up storage capacity to create an artificial shortage. The wonderful workings of markets.
Super-cheap oil will, supposedly, help the transport sector to recover from the economic slump we are now living through. As demand comes back, prices will rise.
Nevertheless, some of the bankers and traders who make their money by betting on future market trends think oil demand will never go back above the 100.9 million b/d purchased in 2019.
Mark Lewis, an analyst at BNP Paribas Asset Management, argued that long term demand will be depressed (i) by efficiency improvements in the transport sector (i.e. vehicles going further on the same amount of fuel); (ii) the move to electric vehicles; (iii) and “behavioural changes” caused by the coronavirus pandemic, including a permanent reduction in commutes and other car journeys, and air travel.
Good points. On the other hand, (i) governments are aiming to use gigantic quantities of money to stimulate a renewed bout of – inevitably largely fossil-fueled – capitalist expansion as the effect of the pandemic fades, and (ii) while some of these permanent shifts in demand may happen in rich countries, there is a real prospect that in the global south, renewed fossil-fuel-intensive development will dominate.
But some outlines of the oil industry’s future are in sight. The rich producing nations will elbow aside the poorer producing nations; the big companies will eat the small companies.
Russia, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states will weather the storm of low prices. They have tens of billions of dollars in sovereign wealth funds, accumulated in times of higher prices, to underpin their state finances. Poorer producing countries who are heavily reliant on oil revenue – Nigeria, Angola, Ecuador – will suffer. Pemex, the Mexican state-owned oil producing company, is teetering on the edge of bankruptcy.
Low prices will divide companies, too. The US shale oil producers, who have high costs of production and have typically borrowed heavily to finance future output, are in big trouble. Whiting Petroleum, the largest independent producer in North Dakota, this month filed for bankruptcy.
But this is not the end of oil companies. Indeed, the writer Adam Hanieh has argued convincingly that the bankruptcies of smaller companies will actually “accelerate the further centralisation of control by the largest oil majors” – and that
We face the very real danger of an emboldened and resurgent oil industry, positioned ever more centrally within our political and economic systems. Such an eventuality would be a disastrous outcome to this current pandemic.
ExxonMobil and other big producers in the USA can hardly wait to swallow their smaller rivals. In March, the American Petroleum Institute (API), a powerful lobby group representing the big fish, wrote to Donald Trump urging him to loosen environmental regulations – but were less keen on measures to keep the oil price up, and so save the small fracking companies from bankruptcy.
The fracking companies’ pleas to the White House, to adjust prices to help them survive, fell on deaf ears, DeSmog Blog reported.
Scott Sheffield, CEO of Pioneer Natural Resources, said: “We’ve had opposition from Exxon, who controls API and the Texas Oil and Gas Association. They prefer all the independents to go bankrupt, and pick up the scraps.”
But as long as the rules are rigged in favour of heavily-subsidised fossil fuels, a flow of up-front investment is needed if renewables are to increase their share of the electricity market. There’s little reason for optimism about that.
The looming economic depression has cast doubt over renewables projects everywhere. “Construction is slowing, tenders are postponed, and for earlier-stage projects, there are question marks around financing”, warned Greentech Media. The number of new solar installations could fall year-on-year for the first time since the 1980s, a report by Bloomberg New Energy Finance suggested.
In China, solar manufacturers are planning new factories that could produce 240 gigawatts of solar panels per year. But elsewhere, investors are pulling back from renewables – especially in the USA, where a crucial subsidy for new plants runs out at the end of this year.
In addition, the coronavirus epidemic has slashed car use in some countries. The motor manufacturing industry is in trouble too. But this may not make an enduring difference to greenhouse gas emissions.
Car sales were “collapsing” even before the coronavirus-driven recession, The Economist said in an editorial this week – and now they are expected to be down by one-fifth this year globally. Furthermore, “as recession bites, people may default on car loans, many of which are owed to carmakers’ finance arms.” What’s more:
There may be a permanent fall in commuting, as more people work from home – road-passenger numbers in China are still 57 percent below their pre-Covid level.
A prolonged recession could “damage sales for good”, The Economist warned – although health concerns related to coronavirus could also make it harder to persuade people to switch to public transport.
The magazine, a bible of business, urged car companies to invest in electric cars. In my view, that will merely preserve car-based urban transport systems, and the car culture that goes with them, without producing a substantial drop in greenhouse gas emissions. Our response needs to focus on making cities based on other forms of transport.
On top of that, aviation is in big trouble, and it won’t recover in a hurry.
Flight numbers this month are 70 percent lower than they were in April last year, to the International Air Transport Association has said. Airlines are among the companies most at risk from the coronavirus health crisis and the economic slump it has caused.
The analysts who follow aviation’s fortunes for big capital say it will take three years to get back to its 2019 level. It may never do so, since, until a coronavirus vaccine is found, much of the demand for (often unnecessary) flights for business or leisure may not return.
The Marxist geographer David Harvey has argued convincingly that flying and just-in-time supply chains that often rely on flying are vital for new modes of consumerism that “exploded after 2007-08” and have now “crashed with devastating consequences”.
These modes of consumption – including international tourism, which expanded in volume from 800 million trips in 2010 to 1.4 billion in 2018 – required “massive infrastructural investments” in airports and airlines, hotels and restaurants, theme parks and cultural events, Harvey wrote.
This site of capital accumulation is now dead in the water: airlines are close to bankruptcy, hotels are empty, and mass unemployment in the hospitality industries is imminent.
But none of this means that aviation, and the associated greenhouse gas emissions, are gone for ever. Capitalist governments are putting in place gigantic rescue packages for airlines: $58 billion in the USA, and substantial packages in Norway, Italy, Australia and New Zealand. The German, French and British governments are all talking to airline owners.
Government policies will make a huge difference – as the example of airlines shows. In the largest greenhouse-gas-emitting countries, these are focused on reviving the most powerful companies and retaining the fossil-fuel-based economic model.
The worst news is, of course, from the USA. One of the government’s first actions when the coronavirus pandemic hit was to suspend most of the Environmental Protection Agency’s activities, to allow businesses to pollute above and beyond legal limits with no risk of prosecution.
Environmental requirements have been stripped out of the $2.2 trillion stimulus package approved by Congress. Lobbyists for the aviation industry made sure that a commitment for it to halve its emissions by 2050 was removed.
China’s policy decisions on the 14th Five Year Plan (2021-25) will also be crucial. The electricity authorities are lobbying hard for a huge expansion of the coal-fired power station fleet, which would wreck efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Analysts at Carbon Brief fear that, post-coronavirus, “controls on [power station] overcapacity may be vulnerable to the political priority of propping up economic growth”.
Worryingly, even the European Green Deal, which looked like the most serious political commitment to a transition away from fossil fuels, is in danger.
The new EU Climate Law, which would commit Europe to net zero carbon by 2050, “has been bogged down in a parliament that is now meeting virtually, and seems likely to be delayed”, the Financial Times reported.
Even adjusting the target for 2030, from 40 percent reduction to 50 or 55 percent, “looks at risk”: “What would normally be a simple bureaucratic calculation has turned into a quagmire”.
The Politico website reported that while Brussels is still saying that the post-coronavirus economic stimulus will be consistent with the Green Deal, big industry has seen its chance: “The recovery effort has set off a mad rush of lobbying as industries like autos and aviation scream for bailout cash."
The European Automobile Manufacturers Association called for planned CO2 emissions targets to be delayed, whiel the Czech prime minister, Andrej Babis, said what others were thinking and called for the Green Deal to be scrapped all together.
The next session of the international climate talks, COP26, has been postponed from November this year to a date (probably in 2021) yet to be fixed. And there are plenty of signs that governments will use the coronavirus epidemic as an excuse to renege on commitments made to tackle greenhouse gas emissions.
Although the postponement robs campaigners of a focus, some climate scientists nevertheless tried to put a brave face on it.
The whole talks process of the last 30 years is less important for the campaigning opportunities it provides than for what it tells us about the deep crisis of the big capitalist states, in my view. The entire history points to their inherent inability to find the will or the means to tackle climate change.
There is little doubt that, whenever it is held, COP26 will appeal to governments and corporations to use technologies to redirect the economy down a “greener” path to the same ends. This will not tackle climate change.
What is needed is to transform the economy, to change its purpose, so that it is producing to meet human needs and to develop human society – not for profit. And that, in turn, means challenging the centres of power and wealth in a way that COP 26 will obviously not begin to do.
After thirty years of inaction by governments, the revival of climate protests by striking school students and others showed the potential for popular action. The coronavirus epidemic has stopped street protests, but has triggered new forms of social action. These are sources of hope.
In this most serious social crisis, people are discovering, and rediscovering, their ability to take matters into their own hands. Everywhere, they have formed mutual aid groups to help each other, and to support health workers. In workplaces, they are acting collectively to demand protection from the virus, to demand protection from the economic effects.
In some cases, people are fighting for production to be repurposed – from aircraft parts to ventilators, from McDonalds to free meals, and so on – to help deal with the coronavirus. Small firms (whisky to hand-cleaner), self-managed enterprises(alcohol gel, masks and furniture), school students and – well, just people – have found ways to put their skills to good use.
This sort of imagination and creativity will be vital, too, in dealing with climate change.
These actions prefigure a future blocked off from us by capitalism but well within the reach of our imagination.
So there is no simple, yes-or-no answer to the question of whether the coronavirus crisis helps or hinders efforts to tackle climate change.
The fact of an economic crash does not itself produce guarantees, since big capital is, right now, working out how to profit from the recovery.
Governments will default to enabling that process, unless forced by society to do otherwise. Society, in opposition to big capital, needs to find ways both to tackle climate change and to pursue social justice.
We are seeing, in the context of the coronavirus epidemic, glimpses of the roads towards a future beyond capitalism in which we could do both.
Simon Pirani is an energy researcher and historian. His most recent book is Burning Up: A Global History of Fossil Fuel Consumption (Pluto 2018). He blogs at People and Nature and tweets as @SimonPirani1. This article originally appeared under the pseudonym Gabriel Levy.
Image: American health workers’ picket line. Photo: Elizabeth Lalasz / Labor Notes. | <urn:uuid:02594c87-59eb-4bd5-b619-a82ea7abc8d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theecologist.org/2020/apr/30/coronavirus-economic-crash-and-climate-breakdown | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.946946 | 3,914 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Essequibo Music is an Arts Education Organisation based in the London Borough of Ealing. The members of our education team include contemporary Black British artists, storytellers, poets, musicians, all inspirational and experienced workshop practitioners working in the educational, cultural and performance arenas. All practitioners have enhanced CRB disclosure.
Essequibo Music has had week-long or fortnight-long residencies in educational settings in Bristol, Cardiff, Liverpool, London Borough of Ealing (The EAZ Project) and Oxford. We work with Primary and Secondary schools and After School Projects, Teachers’ professional Development courses and Higher Education Performing Arts courses across the country. Among our special Essequibo Music projects have been a week-long residency at the Eden Project in Cornwall and an education workshop in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford. Most of our projects culminate in a performance that can include music, dance, storytelling, song and costume design. The programmes use multimedia and draw on cultural traditions from Europe, Asia, Africa and the Caribbean.
What we do
Essequibo Music runs workshops in Storytelling, and Poetry, African and Caribbean Dance, Carnival Costume Design, Live Music and Digital Imaging. The Essequibo Music collaborative works as a team with teachers and project workers to develop skills and talent in all these areas, and to promote confidence and social skills. Themed week-long projects give an opportunity to bring these many arts experiences together. Themes we work with include Myths and Legends, The Rainforest and Caribbean Christmas.
We work closely with staff as well as students to prepare for week-long experiences. The week begins with a short performance for a large group and continues with workshop sessions run in an informal, yet structured manner. The week leads to a dramatic ‘presentation’ of the skills that students have developed around the project theme.
Essequibo Music also works with a number of adult community associations and youth groups, supported by the Learning and Skills Council and the Children’s Fund. We work with children, young people and people with disability, parents, teachers, youth and community workers. One of the core values of Essequibo Music is to reduce isolation, promote social inclusion and to reduce community tensions. We are happy to work in environments where young people are at risk of exclusion or of becoming involved in criminal activity. We aim to encourage social cohesion and individual creativity in disaffected young people.
VOCAL TRICKSTERS – This opportunity for thirty gifted and talented young musicians to develop new skills, work with high caliber musicians, play live led up to a professional performance recorded at the Ealing Jazz Festival.
TASTE OF AFRICA – A month-long series of African themed workshops led by Essequibo Music musicians for the BBC Symphony Orchestra and a Hammersmith Primary School. This culminated in a performance on BBC Radio Three.
DIGITAL MUSIC AND TECHNOLOGY – A week-long workshop for Hammersmith and West London College. Students learned to link live music and song with music technology. The developed their own compositions, scored and arranged them with the aid of digital mixing and imaging. This work led to the production of a CD.
EALING CHILDREN’S FUND – An ongoing programme for Primary, Special and Secondary Schools in deprived communities. Through Arts-related projects, we aim to develop ‘Excellence & Enjoyment’ in the schools involved and in the curriculum they offer.
HARROW ARTS CENTRE – Essequibo Music’s former role as Creative Consultant to Harrow Arts Centre involves us in project development, diversity issues, concert programming, fundraising and organising education workshop sessions available to local schools and to the public.
Essequibo Music was founded by award-winning musician Keith Waithe LRSM, PGCE currently the Director, Flautist and Proponent of Vocal Gymnastics Educational Systems.
Other Artists include:
Sandra Agard – Storyteller/ Writer
Jo-Jo Yates – Cora Player / Master Drummer / Percussionist
Helen McDonald – Vocalist/Singer
Kofi Adu – Ghanian Drums
Mo Nazan – Jazz Guitar
Essequibo Music is a collective of exciting talented contemporary British artists,
storytellers, poets, musicians and inspirational workshop leaders, working in the
field of education, music and performing arts. Led by international flautist,
composer and educator Keith Waithe. | <urn:uuid:7af973a8-620a-4dab-ba6f-d695feb8bdf8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.keithwaithe.com/essequibo-music/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.939355 | 925 | 1.75 | 2 |
Exploit more memory than allocated with malloc(), why?
This article contains information about why are we able to store more data than the allocated space by malloc without giving error and how its related to pages?
Lets get started with some basic terminologies to understand more about it in easy way.
What is PID and its internal structure?
Process ID (PID) is a unique number assigned by kernel to each process but, internally it is just a folder or directory which contains all information/data of a process. In other words, each process has a unique folder/directory assigned to it. Developer can actually look inside this folder.
In Linux, to see or look into these folders, entire RAM is mounted on “/proc” folder and this folder doesn’t exist in hard disk, it is created when OS is booted. PID is divided into lots of parts but, below three parts play an essential role ::
i} Code Section → Contains machine code or binary code and it is necessary because, this code will be executed by CPU.
ii} Stack Memory → It holds all static variables or static functions e.g. x=5, it will be stored in stack memory, to get no. of bytes assigned for a variable. In other words, fixed size memory allocation is stored in stack memory.
iii} Heap Memory → It is used for dynamic memory allocation i.e. runtime. In other words, no. of bytes allocated at runtime by developer is stored in heap memory. Heap memory plays a vital role because now-a-days almost every application keep on asking information at runtime and it all depend on developer.
What is malloc() function?
“malloc()” is a pre-defined function in C library which is used to store data on top of heap memory. Heap memory means dynamic memory allocation i.e. malloc is used to store data at runtime and only way to access heap memory is by using a pointer. Therefore, malloc() returns address of a variable. Default return type of malloc() is void.
- datatype *variable_name = (datatype*)malloc(no._of_elements*sizeof(datatype))
One thing to note is that, when user/developer allocates some memory inside heap memory, its his/her responsibility to free up or clean that allocated memory manually after program is stopped or execution is completed (for stack memory, this happens internally but not for heap memory). To free up the memory, “free” function is used.
What is a Page in memory?
A page is a fixed-length contiguous block of virtual memory, in other words, paging is used to implement virtual memory: Your logical address space is divided into pages, and each page can be mapped to a physical address in RAM, or can be assigned to some location in your backing store. Because the computer has to keep track of how each page is used, we make the pages reasonably large to avoid having an unreasonably large number of pages.
Why I can use more memory than how much I’ve allocated with malloc()?
Above code should throw error but it gets executed perfectly. This happens because, its related to “pages”.
To be more specific, this depends entirely on your operating system and CPU architecture, the operating system allocates “pages” of memory to your program. The operating system is the guardian of pages and will immediately terminate any program that attempts to access a page it has not been assigned.
“malloc”, on other hand, not an operating system function but a C library call. Call to malloc results in a page request from OS then, malloc decides to give you a pointer to a single byte inside that page. When you wrote to the memory(i.e. RAM) from the location you were given, you were just writing in a “page” that the operating system had granted your program, and thus the operating system will not see any wrong doing.
In other words, you are able to write immediately after arr[size], but ::
- Those bytes may belong to other bits of your program, which will cause problems later in the execution.
- Or, they might NOT belong to your program, which will result in an immediate segmentation fault.
The real problems, will begin when you continue to call malloc to assign more memory. It will eventually return pointers to the locations you just wrote over. This is called a "buffer overflow", when you write to memory locations that are legal but, could potentially be overwriting memory another part of the program will also be using.
Now you know how paging is related to “malloc()” and why more memory can be allocated without any error. | <urn:uuid:40d8bbc8-a347-46ee-82d7-4f49c21c3b04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://neerajsnawale.medium.com/exploit-more-memory-than-allocated-with-malloc-why-c30cb1ba36b5?source=user_profile---------4---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.935748 | 1,030 | 3.40625 | 3 |
CERAWeek preview: The stressed oil industry faces an existential crisis
Published 4:29 pm, Sunday, February 21, 2016
The Saudis might go public, OPEC’s in disarray, the U.S. is suddenly a global exporter, and shale drillers are seeking lifelines from investors as banks abandon them.
Welcome to oil’s new world order — full of stresses, strains and fractures. For leaders gathering in Houston this week at the IHS CERAWeek conference — often dubbed the Davos of the energy industry — a key question is, “What will break first?” Will it be the balance sheets of big U.S. shale companies? The treasuries of Venezuela and Nigeria? The resolve of Saudi Arabia, whose recent deal with Russia to freeze output levels offered the first hint of a rethink?
After watching prices crash through floor after floor in the worst slump for a generation, the industry is eager for answers. Insiders say it’s not too hard to visualize what markets might look like after the storm — say five years down the line, when today’s cost-cutting creates a supply vacuum that will push up prices. But it’s what happens in the meantime that’s got them scratching their heads.
“This is a weird thing for a market analyst to say because it’s usually the opposite case, but I have more conviction in my five-year outlook than my one-year outlook,” said Mike Wittner, head of oil market research for Societe Generale SA. “Maybe I’m letting my head get turned upside down by the last couple months.”
Seeking clarity at closed-door sessions, cocktail hours and water-coolers in Houston will be some of the industry’s biggest players, including Saudi Petroleum Minister Ali al-Naimi and Royal Dutch Shell Plc Chief Executive Officer Ben Van Beurden.
In a less volatile year, the long-term viability of fossil fuels might have been high on their agenda after December’s breakthrough climate deal in Paris. But within the industry, that debate has “fallen into the abyss of $27 oil,” said Deborah Gordon, director of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’s energy and climate program.
“It seems like it’s never a good time,” she said. “You can’t have these conversations when oil is $125 because then you can’t get it out of the ground quickly enough. And you can’t have it at $27 because you’re just trying to survive.”
U.S. shale drillers had a key role in bringing prices that low, by adding 4 million barrels a day in less than four years — almost like a new OPEC member materializing overnight. Natural gas has mirrored the pattern, with surging output and plunging prices.
Now, the companies are victims of their own success. As many as 74 face significant difficulties in sustaining debt, according to Moody’s Investors Service. The effective yield of the Bank of America Merrill Lynch High-Yield Energy Index rose to more than 21 percent Feb. 11, the most since it was created in 1997.
So far, shale bankruptcies have been limited to smaller outfits like Magnum Hunter Resources Corp. and Swift Energy Inc. Some investors are worried that Chesapeake Energy Corp., the second-largest natural gas producer in the U.S., could be the first big fish out of the water; its shares have plunged 90 percent in the past year.
The one thing the stress on companies hasn’t done is destroy production. Engineers have found ways to lower costs and boost output at oil wells, allowing cash-starved drillers to keep enough rigs active so that output is still within 5 percent of last year’s high.
Meanwhile, on the international scene, the Saudi-Russian accord announced Tuesday, to which Venezuela and Qatar have also signed up, would cap production at January’s levels — a record high in Russia’s case and not far off for the Saudis. Iran isn’t a party to the plan, and its imminent return to world markets could add to the glut. Historically the No. 2 OPEC producer, the Islamic Republic is preparing to ramp up exports after sanctions were lifted last month.
Brent crude failed to sustain a rally after the plan was announced, suggesting that traders don’t see any change in the underlying picture. Suddenly, there’s oil everywhere. Without a rebound in prices, the consequences for governments — from Russia to Nigeria to Venezuela — range from grim to catastrophic.
Russia has a relatively diversified economy, but it’s still running the biggest deficit in five years, and selling assets to finance a stimulus program. Nigeria, which depends on oil for almost all of its exports, is battling to stave off a currency devaluation and pleading for development loans to replace the missing petrodollars. Venezuela is even worse off, with debt defaults looming and an inflation rate estimated by the International Monetary Fund at 275 percent.
“You’ve got half of OPEC in existential crisis as to whether they can be viable governments at this point,” said Allen Gilmer, chief executive officer of energy consulting firm Drilling Info Inc. in Austin.
As usual in an OPEC meltdown, all eyes have turned to Saudi Arabia, the world’s top exporter and architect of the cartel’s keep-pumping strategy as it seeks to defend market share.
While the Saudis have deeper pockets than most of their OPEC peers, they haven’t been immune from the price turmoil — especially with wars in Yemen and Syria to finance. Reserves tumbled by about $115 billion last year. Saudi rulers have slashed subsidies, announced new taxes and said they’re even considering selling shares in the state oil giant, Saudi Aramco.
“We don’t want a reduction in supply,” Al-Naimi said after the Russian deal. But he also said it was only the “beginning of a process.”
The Saudi minister will address IHS CERAWeek’s main hall Tuesday morning, in the week’s most eagerly anticipated event. A packed audience will hope he elaborates.
“There’s a short fix, and a long fix,” said Andrew Lebow, a senior partner at Commodity Research Group. “Are we going for the short fix of a production cut, or the long-haul slog of rebalancing the market? That’s what everyone at CERA is going to be talking about. And it’s all dependent on the Saudis.”
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Taking IMACS classes from a young age gave me a clear advantage in math and computer science, but it also helped me excel in all other fields. I am able to approach complex problems with confidence because of what I learned at IMACS.
Congratulations to IMACS graduate Ricky Morse who is beginning his studies at Rice
Ricky first attended IMACS in 2nd grade. Over the next 10 years he completed all levels of Math Enrichment and Computer Enrichment, Electronics, and university-level classes in Computer Science and Logic for Mathematics.
Having scored 1580 on the SAT, 35 on the ACT, 800 on the SAT II subject tests in Math and Chemistry, and 5’s on AP exams in Calculus AB, Calculus BC and Chemistry, Ricky was named a National Merit Finalist and National AP Scholar.
During high school, Ricky channeled his talents and sharp focus through both academic and athletic endeavors. He qualified for the prestigious American Invitational Mathematics Examination, and he and his teammates competed in the Barry University Olympiad tournaments, earning 1st place team wins in Math and Chemistry. Ricky also works on developing ways to use computer programming to enhance research, as well as striving to improve his personal best times in track and cross-country.
Ricky was accepted at Rice University, University of Florida, University of Miami with a Singer Scholarship, and University of Southern California with a Presidential Scholarship. He chose Rice where he will major in Computational and Applied Mathematics followed by a Ph.D. and career in research.
Ricky had the IMACS advantage!
He chose Rice.
Where will your child go? | <urn:uuid:2e4a5bb0-e042-4ed6-936a-5fd0da93bd6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://test.imacslive.com/success-story/ricky-morse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.964239 | 339 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Ryan Robertson talks about the Ocean Gybe project, the state of our oceans and the solution to our plastic problem
By the time Vancouver lads Ryan and Bryson Robertson and Hugh Patterson had graduated from the University of Victoria they had developed a love for surfing and sailing. Keen to travel, they decided that a sailboat would the best way to see the world and get to isolated beaches and much coveted surf spots.
“Sailing is a very cool sustainable way to travel,” says Ryan Robertson, "and so we thought, let's sail around the world!"
However, it was more than just adventure that pulled them to distant shores. They had all heard about the Great Pacific Gyre—a swirling, growing Texas-sized mess of plastic garbage in the middle of the Pacific Ocean—and, as surfers and sailors, their respect for the ocean gave their trip purpose.
"Let's sail around the world!" (Image: Ocean Gybe)
A circumnavigation in pursuit of plastic pollution
“We knew we wanted to do something other than just going and having a good time," Robertson tells Granville Online. "We started to think, what happens to all that plastic that is not in the North Pacific Ocean?”
In 2007, they began their three-year circumnavigation of the globe, setting sail from La Paz, Mexico, bound for the most remote islands in the world, to explore, surf and conduct a number of garbage studies.
They soon found the answer to their question. All the plastic that isn’t in the great Pacific Garbage Patch ends up on the windward shores of tiny islands all around the world.
All that plastic: Cocos Keeling, Indian Ocean (Image: Ocean Gybe)
Travelling along the plastic migration
“We immersed ourselves in the plastic migration,” Robertson explains, “because the forces, the winds and currents, that drive a sailboat around the world are exactly the same forces that carry all the plastic around the world.”
What they saw along their journey was not pretty.
“It’s way worse than we thought it was.” Robertson admits. “We’d hit some really remote islands, anchor in this paradise, hike over to the other side of the island and honestly, you’d be embarrassed to be a part of the human race.”
(Image: Flickr / Vegabond Shutterbug)
They found that every type of plastic you can imagine had reached the shores of the remote beaches they landed on, however, education about disposal of waste and pollution had not.
“What we found, was that there is a cultural lag, where all these products are reaching these Third World countries way before the education that’s required to dispose of this stuff properly,” says Robertson.
Garbage littering the oceans of Bali (Image: Ocean Gybe)
Ocean Gybe spreads awareness about ocean pollution
Along their travels, whenever they got a chance, they visited communities and schools to raise awareness about pollution of the oceans.
The Ocean Gybe crew are back in Vancouver now and their goal is to tell young people about what they've seen so that future generations can help change the practices of governments and corporations.
“We’ve done heaps and heaps of presentations here in Vancouver, and it’s been the most enjoyable part of the trip. They get it," Robertson says about school students he speaks with, “they’re asking totally engaged questions.”
In May and June, Ryan, Bryson and Hugh will be on the road with their Ocean Gybe School Tour, visiting high schools and junior schools across BC and Alberta.
Presenting at a school in Nicaragua (Image: Ocean Gybe)
Single-use plastic to be stigmatized 'like smoking'
They’re not gallivanting around the globe anymore, but the Ocean Gybe crew are still making waves. They’re currently putting together a documentary of their trip, producing curriculum materials for schools, and talking with policymakers and business leaders.
Despite having seen more pollution than many of us can imagine, Robertson is pragmatic but positive about change.
“It's going to be like smoking," Robertson says. "It's going to be socially unpopular to use single-use plastics. Change is going to happen—it’s just going to take time.” | <urn:uuid:c5493a16-b1be-44a0-b1e1-c4ac90df3c71> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.bcliving.ca/travel/ocean-gybe-how-a-call-for-adventure-became-a-call-for-change | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00220-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963234 | 926 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Improvisation is the art of playing music without any preparation ahead of time. To do this well you need an understanding of the structure and rules of music, along with a library of licks and scales that you can adapt to specific circumstances. Blues music is famous for being improvised and is based around the pentatonic scale.
Click to see more lessons about improvisation (141 matches in total).
Click to see more about improvisation from the forums (2053 matches in total). | <urn:uuid:0a60ee74-e56f-4fe8-bab6-913a8bef0e8e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.guitarmasterclass.net/search/improvisation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937874 | 99 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Vein disease, called chronic venous insufficiency or venous reflux disease, affects 40% of all adults. It’s estimated that half of those with vein disease go untreated, putting them at risk for complications like non-healing ulcers. At Northeast Houston Vein Center in Humble, Texas, Madaiah Revana, MD, FACC, is an expert in diagnosing and treating vein disease. Dr. Revana performs in-office ultrasounds and creates customized treatment plans that eliminate vein disease and restore healthy circulation. If you need help for vein problems, call the office or schedule an appointment through online booking today.
Vein disease encompasses any problem that occurs in your veins, including blood clots, phlebitis, and deep vein thrombosis.
Vein disease more specifically refers to chronic venous insufficiency.
Chronic venous insufficiency, also called venous reflux disease, occurs when one or more valves in your veins stop working. Veins carry blood toward your heart, a job they accomplish using one-way valves that keep blood flowing in the right direction.
When a valve fails, blood flows backward (or refluxes) and pools in the vein. As blood accumulates, the veins enlarge, causing bulging varicose veins and smaller spider veins.
Venous reflux disease also increases the pressure in your lower leg veins. When the condition goes untreated, high venous pressure leads to problems in your legs such as skin changes and venous ulcers.
In addition to causing varicose veins and spider veins — both visible signs of the underlying venous reflux — vein disease causes symptoms in your legs such as:
Venous ulcers develop in your lower leg, often around your ankle. Without medical care, these ulcers don’t heal. Instead, they keep enlarging, putting you at risk for a serious wound and infections.
Your chances of developing vein disease increase if you’re a woman or you have any of the following risk factors:
Hormonal changes due to medications like birth control pills and hormone replacement therapy can also raise your risk of developing vein disease.
After reviewing your medical history and completing a physical exam, Dr. Revana uses ultrasound to view the structures inside your veins and determine if you have venous reflux disease.
Your treatment may include one of the following options:
These treatments use different techniques — medication, energy pulses, radiofrequency energy, and a medical adhesive — but they all make the vein collapse.
After the vein walls close in, scar tissue develops that your body naturally clears away. As a result, damaged valves, varicose veins, and spider veins permanently disappear. Your body reroutes blood flow to a healthy vein. This restores normal circulation and treats any problems caused by venous insufficiency.
If you have any questions about vein disease, call Northeast Houston Vein Center or schedule an appointment online today. | <urn:uuid:6d1b66d8-8859-4f1e-accb-b2c643b61c1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nehoustonveincenter.com/services/vein-disease | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.92104 | 612 | 2.8125 | 3 |
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