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Pterosaur Revolution Confirms Creation
by Brian Thomas, M.S. *
Research into pterosaurs—ancient flying reptiles whose fossils lie intermingled with dinosaurs—now approaches an upswing of what some predict will be a revolution of understanding.1 Better details of pterosaur anatomies are painting a different picture than the long-held perceptions of these creatures as clumsy fliers.
In a recent feature in the UK's Observer, writer Mark Witton explained that many view pterosaurs as "gargoyles with lanky limbs." This bad reputation may have been spawned by "poor scientific communication" that indicated "pterosaurs were crude biological hang gliders."2
In actuality, experts are now reconstructing pterosaur biomechanics and finding them to be wonders of aerodynamic precision.3 The old notions of clumsiness are not supported by this fossil evidence—so how did pterosaurs get such a bad rap?
Was the description, "gargoyles with lanky limbs," a result of mere evolutionary speculation? Based on seeing pterosaur fossils occur in strata below other flying vertebrates, perhaps evolutionists reasoned that pterosaurs evolved first and therefore represented evolution's initial, clumsy attempts to produce large flyers. It would then follow that evolution spent millions of years working through numerous aerodynamic issues, eventually generating the supposedly superior flight mechanics of bats and birds.
Pterosaur research is now soaring, and it supports that former "clumsy" conjecture less than ever.
For example, pterosaur tracks in France reveal that these creatures were skillful and adept at landing and take-off procedures.4
Moreover, in his Observer article, Witton confirmed that "scientists are getting a handle on many aspects of pterosaur paleobiology [ancient biology], and the results are casting pterosaurs in whole new lights. They were not evolutionary also-rans, but strong, adaptable animals that earned their 160m [million] years of evolutionary history."2
But what an ironic statement! Surely 160 million years of slow and gradual changes to pterosaur anatomy would have produced more "evolutionary also-rans" before developing the "strong, adaptable animals" the fossils actually reveal. Where are all of evolution's experiments?
For example, a single, long bone supported pterosaur wings while bat wings contain five, finger-like bones that fold like a Chinese fan. Where are the two- or three-boned wings or the half-sized wings that evolution might have produced in its alleged eons of tinkering?
Not a single, undisputed "evolutionary also-ran" candidate exists, despite a century of diligent search.5
The evolutionary timeline fails to match the most obvious pterosaur fossil data, but Genesis history readily explains them. First, pterosaur structure was flight-ready from the get-go because God created it to be. Second, a terrible, watery cataclysm like Noah's Flood buried these winged creatures—often in the same layer as dinosaurs, fish, lizards, small mammals, and birds—leaving behind elegant, fully formed pterosaur fossils with no evidence that intermediary "also-ran" versions ever existed.6
- Hone, D.W.E. 2013. Pterosaur Research: Recent Advances and a Future Revolution. Acta Geologica Sinica. 86 (6): 1366-1376.
- Witton, M. Why Pterosaurs Weren't So Scary After All. The Observer. Posted on theguardian.com August 10, 2013, accessed August 23, 2013.
- For example, see references in: Thomas, B. Studies Show Extinct Reptiles Moved with Grace and Ease. Creation Science Update. Posted on icr.org November 19, 2010, accessed August 26, 2013.
- Thomas, B. Pterosaur Flight Plans. Creation Science Update. Posted on icr.org August 31, 2009, accessed August 26, 2013.
- Sherwin, F. 2005. Pterosaur! Acts & Facts. 34 (9).
- Thomas, B. Pterosaur Tracks Show Traces of the Great Flood. Creation Science Update. Posted on icr.org September 2, 2009, accessed August 26, 2013.
* Mr. Thomas is Science Writer at the Institute for Creation Research.
Article posted on September 6, 2013. | <urn:uuid:103d653a-9509-46e5-845b-cd8b06eb32bb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.icr.org/article/7687/268/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00082-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906395 | 933 | 3.3125 | 3 |
ERIC Number: ED242422
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1984-Mar-14
Reference Count: 0
Public/Private Partnership--A Cost Effective Model for Child Day Care Services.
Alisberg, Helene R.
Trends suggest that 11 million children in the United States will need day care services by 1995. Presently, corporations provide child care support through subsidies to low income employees or through community facilities, parent education, and information and referral (I & R) services. Such support results in reduced rates of absenteeism and turnover and improved work attitudes and recruitment. The public need for assistance in child day care services has been formally acknowledged through the legislative process. The 1981 Economic Recovery Tax Act and the Dependent Care Assistance Program provide tax relief for the provision and use of child day care services. Of available service options, I & R services are a primary step for corporate involvement and offer the most cost-effective mechanism for providing such support to employees. A model I & R service is the Corporate Consortium for Child Care in Hartford, Connecticut. In this operation, technical expertise is provided under a service contract with INFO LINE, a community I & R agency. Additionally, parent seminars are provided by an early childhood education specialist under a contract with the nonprofit regional education coordination agency. A child care representative within each of the participating corporations assists employees with procedures for child day care placements, using regularly updated computerized data based on lists of licensed centers and day care homes. (RH)
Publication Type: Opinion Papers; Reports - Descriptive
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: United Way of Connecticut, West Hartford. | <urn:uuid:8fcfd8e2-4d81-4b8e-897f-02b2725d71bb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED242422 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717954.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00509-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90781 | 340 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Jagat Narayan, J.
1. This writ petition has been referred for decision to a Full Bench along with D. B. Civil Writ Petition No, 4/57 as some common important questions of law arise in them. As however the facts in the two cases are different, it will be more convenient to deal with the two cases separately,
2. D. B. Civil Writ Petition No. 187/56 is directed against an order of the Board of Revenue dated 12-9-56 refusing to sanction Matmi in favour of Jai Singh petitioner and sanctioning it in favour of Sobhag Singh Respondent No. 1 in respect of the Jagir held by one Sabal Singh who died in 1948.
3. Sabal Singh was a Panchpana Sardar of Sheikbawati which formed part of the domains oi the erstwhile State of Jaipur. One Nahar Singh was the common ancestor of the parties. Nahar Singh had four sons--Lachaman Singh, Pern Singh, Bhairon Singh and Bhawani Singh. Lachman Singh was the eldest out of them. On the death of Nahar Singh his estate was divided amongst these four sons. The estate of Bhairon Singh was known as Jhakora Thikana. On the death of Bhairon Singh, his two sons Devi Singh and Moti Singh succeeded to the estate in equal shares. Devi Singh was the elder of the two. Sobhag Singh respondent No. 1 comes from Devi Singh's line.
4. Moti Singh adopted Devi Singh's son Mangal Singh. Mangal Singh had two sons --Baney Singh and Chhattar Singh. Chhattar Singh died heirless. Baney Singh died leaving a son Dungar Singh. Dungar Singh adopted Sabal Singh. This Sabal Singh came from the line of Lachhman Singh.
5. In 1930, Sabal Singh adopted Jai Singh petitioner who also came from the line of Lachhman Singh. In 1933 he applied to the Ruler of Jaipur for recognition of this adoption for purposes of succession to the Thikana. Sobhag Singh respondent, Mohan Singh, Guman Singh, Man Singh and Khet Singh belonging to line of Devi Singh filed objections against the recognition of the adoption. The Council of State which consisted of the Ruler of Jaipur and his Advisers passed the follow in resolution on 23rd May, 1936 on this subject :
'(A) Thakur Sabal Singh of Jhakora be informed with reference to his petition dated the 3rd Novem-ber, 1933, that while his wishes for recognition of the adoption of Jai Singh of Mahensar branch by him will receive due consideration, His Highness in Council see no reason at the present moment to recognise the adoption, advocated by him;
(B) The alleged adoption of Jai Singh shall in no way be deemed to be an adoption that will in any sense bind the Darbar as regards the question of succession;
(C) Thakur Sobhag Singh and other objectors be also informed of the above order and it should be made clear that the Council considers it unnecessary at present to adjudicate as regards the question of succession.'
6. A review petition, filed by Sabal Singh on the subject, was rejected on 28-10-1937 on the ground that in view of the Council Resolution dated 23rd May, 1936 no further action was necessary.
7. On 16-6-1947, Sabal Singh filed an application to the Prime Minister of the former State of Jaipur for the recognition of the adoption of Jai Singh for purposes of succession at an early date as he was apprehending that he might die at any time. This application was sent to the Board of Revenue for inquiry and report under the Jaipur Matmi Rules, which were framed by the Government of Jaipur in 1945. The Board submitted a report to the effect that in view of the Council Resolution dated 23rd May, 1936 the application was not maintainable as Sabal Singh was still alive.
Before this report reached the Prime Minister, Sabal Singh died on 28-1-1948 and the Prime Minister again sent back the application for inquiry and report. The Nazimi to whom the matter was referred for inquiry refused to record evidence about the factum of adoption on the ground! that the adoption could not be recognised for purposes of succession in view of Rule 14 (2) of the Jaipur Matmi Rules as Sabal Singh had not obtained the sanction of the Government before taking Jai Singh in adoption. Rule 14(2) runs as follows:
'No adoption shall be recognised for the purposes of succession to a State grant unless a holder has obtained the previous sanction of the Government to adopt, such sanction being given only in favour of a direct male lineal descendant of the original grantee'.
8. On appeal, the Revenue Board held that in view of the wordings of the Council Resolution dated 23rd May, 1936 and the fact that the Revenue Board did not give a definite finding in 1947 the inquiry into the factum of adoption could not be shut out. The case was sent back to the Nazim for proceeding further with the inquiry. The Nazim thereafter recorded evidence of the parties and held that the factum of adoption had been established, but that in view of Rule 14 (2) the adoption could not be recognised for purposes of succession to the Jagir as previous permission to adopt had not been taken. He however held that Jai Singh had a preferential claim to succeed to the grant under Rule 14(1) over the other claimants as he belonged to a more senior line of the original grantee in comparison to them. Rule 14(1) runs as Mows:
'Subject to the provisions of Rule 13, succession in the absence of a direct male lineal descendant of the last holder shall be restricted to thelineal male descendants of the original grantee, preference being given to the senior member of the senior line'.
He accordingly made a recommendation that Matmi life granted in favour of Jai Singh. The Collector agreed with, the finding of the Nazim on the question of the recognition of Jai Singh as a successor to the grant on the ground of his adoption. But he did not agree with him with regard to Jai Singh's preferential claim over other claimants to succeed under Rule 14(1).
The Collector was of the opinion that on the death of Nahar Singh the estate was divided between his sons and consequently Nahar Singh could not be regarded as the original grantee of the grant held by Sabal Singh. He was of the view that Bhairon Singh should be regarded as the original grantee for purposes of succession to Sabal Singh's estate. As Jai Singh did not belong to Bhairon Singh's line, he was of the opinion that Sobhag Singh was entitled to succeed to the grant, being the senior member of the senior line reckoning from. Bhairon Singh.
9. On the above recommendation the Board of Revenue passed the impugned order on the following two grounds :
'(1) that Nahar Singh could not be regarded as the original grantee when the question of succession to Sabal Singh arises but that Bhairon Singh should be considered to be the original grantee;
(2) that although Jaipur State Matmi Rules,1945 were not applicable to the case as these ruleswere not retrospective, even before these rules cameinto force a Panchpana Sardar had to obtain thesanction of the Ruler for taking a son in adoptionand Jai Singh could not be recognised as a successor to the grant of Sabal Singh on the ground ofhis adoption as such adoption was not recognisedby the Government of Jaipur for purposes of succession'.
10. The case of the petitioner is that the Board of Revenue committed errors apparent on the face of the record and their decision should be quashed by this court under Article 226 of the Constitution. All the grounds on which the judgment of the Board of Revenue was attacked before us were not taken in the petition. But new grounds were allowed to be raised by the Division Bench before which the case came up for hearing and which, made the present reference. These grounds were mentioned in the order of reference and the parties had full notice of them when the case was argued before us.
11. With regard to the first ground, the contention on behalf of the petitioner is that the Board committed an error on the face of the record in holding that Bhairon Singh should be regarded as an original grantee in relation to the question of the succession to the grant held by Sabal Singh. The respondents tried to support the finding arrived at by the Board on this point on the basis of the reasoning given by them.
12. The relevant provisions of the Jaipur Matmi Rules, 1945 in this behalf are as follows:
Rule 13. 'The eldest real son of the last holder or if such son is dead, such son's eldest real son or eldest real grand-son is entitled to succeed, unless in the opinion of the Ruler he is unfitted to succeedby reason of serious mental or physical defect or disloyalty;
Provided, firstly, that in the case of the Panchpana Sardars of Sheikhawati and the Bhomias of Udaipurwati, the grant shall devolve on all the surviving real sons and the real song or grand-sons of predeceased sons of the last holder in accordance with local custom unless in any particular case His Highness the Maharaja Sahib Bahadur has recognised that the ordinary rule of succession by male lineal primogeniture shall apply;
Rule 14(1) 'Subject to the provisions of Rule 13, succession in the absence of a direct male lineal descendant of the last holder shall be restricted to the lineal male descendants of the original grange, preference being given to the senior member of the senior line:
13. We may mention here that although the validity of the Jaipur Matmi Rules, 1945 was challenged before us it was not disputed that so far as Nahar Singh's branch of Panchpana Sardars is concerned the grant devolves in accordance with the custom and usage embodied in the above provisions.
14. The reasoning given by the Board in holding Bhairon Singh to be the original grantee is contained in paras 6 and 7 of their judgment. In para 6, they observed :
'In the genealogical table filed in this case it is shown that Nahar Singh had four sous. Lachman Singh was given Mahensar Thikana and Jhakora Thikana came to Bhairon Singh. Parasrampura and Ismailpur Kumawas went to Bhawani Singh and Pem Singh respectively. If any inference can be validly drawn on the basis of this pedigree table it would be that after the death of Nahar Singh there was a complete severance of the estate among the surviving sons evidently with the sanction of the former Government of Jaipur. As a result thereof Thikana Jhakora assumed a separate entity'.
15. The judgment of the Board itself however goes to show that the Thikana did not devolve on a single person after the death of Bhairon Singh but all his male lineal descendants inherited it in equal shares. If the grant had not been split up on the death of Bhairon Singh and if Sabal Singh had inherited the whole of it, there might have been some plausible ground for contending that Bhairon Singh was the original grantee in respect of the grant held by Sabal Singh, But as it was, Sabal Singh held only a part of the grant held by Bhairon Singh. We are of the opinion that an original grantee can only mean the person on whom a fresh grant is conferred for the first time. Bhairon Singh cannot therefore be regarded as an original grantee.
16. The final reasoning of the Board is contained in the concluding part of para 7 of the judgment in these words:
'Dungar Singh had no real son of his own and he applied for permission to adopt Sabal Singh son of Chandan Singh in the line of Nahar Singh's eldest son Lachhman Singh. Objections were raised against this adoption by Hanuman Baksh Singh the father of Sobhag Singh, one ofthe present claimants and others. The JaipurRuler decided that as Dungar Singh had strainedrelation with Mohan Singh he could not be expected to take his son in adoption. It was alsoobserved by him that as Hanuman Baksh Singh had only one son hence that son could not be given in adoption. The claims of Hanuman Baksh Singh and Mohan Singh to give their sons in adoption, although they were in the line of Bhairon Singh, were thus rejected by the Jaipur Ruler and Sabal Singh was allowed to be taken in adoption, This Sabal Singh got the Matmi sanctioned in his name on 5-12-28 after the death of Dungar Singh as observed earlier. This Sabal Singh took Jai Singh in adoption and applied to the Jaipur Ruler for recognition of the same. This recognition was withheld and Sabal Singh's request for reconsideration of the matter was also rejected. We have traced the history of the previous devolutions of this estate to show that for all practical purposes Bhairon Singh was treated as the original grantee and whenever any occasion arose to decide, a reference to the line of Bhairon Singh was always made in some connection or the other. Thus we are of the opinion that Nahar Singh cannot be treated as an originalgrantee of Thikana Jhakora'.
17. The Board earlier referred to the assessment of Rs. 1546/10/6 as Mamla on Bhim Singh and Mangal Singh and Rs. 515/9/- on Mohan Singh whose relationship with Bhairon Singh was as shown below:
Devi Singh Moti Singh
| Mangal Singh
| (Came in adoption)
| | |
Mangal singh Bhimsingh Takhatsingh
(went in adoption) |
So far as this devolution is concerned it was in accordance with the custom and usage mentioned above, namely, that upon the death of a holder his estate is divided equally amongst his male lineal descendants.
18. They also referred to the fact that on the death of Mangal Singh his estate devolved on his grandson Dungar Singh and his son Chhatar Singh. This was also in accordance with the above custom and usage.
19. Lastly, they referred to the fact that on the death of Chhatar Singh his estate devolved on Dungar Singh. No question of any reference to Bhairon Singh's line arose in any of the above devolutions.
20. The order sanctioning the adoption of Sabal Singh for purposes of succession on the application of Dungar Singh is on record. It seems to us that the Board misinterpreted this order. Sabal Singh came from the line of NaharSingh's eldest son Lachbman Singh. The following persons filed objections:Vijai Singh belonging to Pem Singh's line, Hanuman Baksh Singh belonging to Bhairon Singh's line, Mohan Singh belonging to Bhairon Singh's line and Jodhsingh belonging to the line of Bhawani Singh.A perusal of the order shows that the case of Dungar Singh was that according to the custom and usage prevalent in Sheikhawati a male member belonging to the Tikai line had to (sic-no) preferential claim and as Nahar Singh was the original grantee, Sabal Singh, who belonged to the line of his eldest son had a preferential claim over the objectors.
The objectors based their claims on being nearer kinsmen of Dungar Singh. None of them disputed that Nahar Singh was the original grantee. In the alternative, reasons were given on behalf of Dungar Singh for not adopting the sons of Mohan Singh and Hanuman. Bux Singh who were his nearer collaterals. The arguments advanced on behalf of Dungar Singh were first summarised in the order. Then followed the findings which were in these words:
'In view of the facts referred to above we are of the opinion that Sabal Singh has a preferential claim as he belongs to the Tikai line. Dungar Singh has brought him up and has educated him and wishes to adopt him. The objectors have not produced any evidence to show that a male member of the Tikai line cannot be adopted if there are nearer collaterals living. The papers of 23 Thikanas of Sheikhawati, which have been produced, go to show that the adoption of a member of the Tikai line is not against custom and usage'.
21. It will thus be seen that it was asserted on behalf of Dungar Singh that Nahar Singh was the original grantee and none of the objectors challenged this assertion and in the order this assertion was accepted and Sabal Singh's preferential claim as belonging to the line of the eldest son of the original grantee was recognised. This order can in no way be said to treat Bhairon Singh as the original grantee.
22. We accordingly hold that the finding arrived at by the Board that in considering succession to the grant held by Sabal Singh, Bhairon Singh should be treated as the original grantee and not Nahar Singh, is patently erroneous on the face of the record. We therefore set it aside.
23. On behalf of Sobhag Singh, our attention was drawn to Will's report according to which one Sardool Singh was the common ancestor of the parties. Even assuming that it was so, Jai Singh belongs to the more senior line than the other claimant Sobhag Singh who alone has come forward to contest his claim.
24. The second ground on which the Board based their judgment is further divisible into two parts (a) firstly they held that the adoption could not be recognised because prior sanction of the Ruler was not taken and (b) secondly, they held that Jai Singh's adoption could not be recognised for purposes of succession as the Ruler of Jaipur State had not granted recognition to it when an application was made to him.
25. It was conceded by the Board that the Jaipur Matmi Rules 1945 were not applicable to this adoption which had taken place in 1930. They also conceded that there was no rule in force prior to 1945 requiring the previous sanction of the Ruler before an adoption could be made by a grantee. Certain rules were drafted in 1892 for the information and guidance of the grantees. But the Council of State declined to approve them by resolution No. 5 dated 27-11-1940 which ran as follows:
'Resolved that as no difficulty in deciding cases of succession to Jagirs has been experienced in the past and practice, precedents, usage and custom already exist on the subject, the Council do not consider it necessary to lay down any set of rules'.
The Board accordingly concluded that in the absence of any rules before 1945 case law alone could throw some light on the practice, usage and custom regarding succession by adoption. They purported to infer on the basis of decided cases that prior sanction of the Ruler was necessary. They however did not cite a single case in which it might have been held that previous sanction of the Ruler was necessary before a grantee could take a son in adoption.
26. They quoted in extenso from a decision of the Board in Case No. 84/ Jaipur of Section 2006 decided on 26-9-50. In that case or in the cases referred to therein there was no refusal to recognise an adoption on the ground that previous sanction of the Ruler was not taken. The Board were obviously under a misapprehension in thinking that Sabal Singh was taken in adaption with the previous sanction of the then Ruler of the Jaipur State.
We have already referred to the order by which the adoption of Sabal Singh was recognised for purposes of succession to Dungar Singh's grant. That order itself shows that it was passed on the application of Dungar Singh which he filed after he had already adopted Sabal Singh. In the later part of the order no doubt it was written that Dungar Singh wanted to adopt Sabal Singh. This was obviously done by mistake. The earlier part of the order clearly shows that Dungar Singh had filed an application for the recognition of the adoption after he had actually adopted Sabal Singh.
27. There was thus no material before the Board on the basis of which they might have concluded that an adoption could only be recognised for the purpose of succession if it had taken place after obtaining the sanction of the Ruler.
28. We now come to the other ground that Jai Singh's adoption could not be recognised tor purposes of succession as the Ruler of Jaipur State had not granted recognition to it when an application was made to him. We have already referred to the resolution of 23rd May, 1936 on the subject passed by the Council of State. Under that resolution the question of the recognition of Jai Singh's adoption for purposes of succession was left open by the Ruler with the observation that Sabal Singh's wishes in this behalf willreceive due consideration when succession opens after his death.Sabal Singh made two more attempts in 1937 and 1947 respectively to have the adoption recognised during his life time. Before his second application filed in 1947 could be finally decided he died. An order was thereupon passed for the investigation of the question of the recognition of his adoption. Before a final decision could bo taken in the matter the sovereignty of the Ruler of Jaipur lapsed on the formation of the State of Rajasthan.
Under Article VII(3) of the Covenant, it was laid down that unless other provision was made by an Act of the Legislature the right to resume Jagirs or to recognise succession according to law and custom to the rights and titles of the Jagirdars shall vest exclusively in the Rajpramukh. Even the Rajpramukh of Rajasthan did not pass any order in this rase till the Constitution of India came into force.
29. The argument on behalf of the petitioner is that the power of the, Rajpramukh to resume Jagirs or to recognise Succession came to an end as soon as the Constitution of India came into force. For with the enforcement of the Constitution the Rajpramukh had no other powers than what were conferred upon him by the Constitution. The Rajpramukh was not given power to decide the question of succession to Jagirs by any provision of the Constitution. Reliance was placed on a Full Bench decision of this Court in Bahadur Singh v. Rajpramukh of Rajasthan, ILR (1955) 5 Raj 693: ( (S) AIR 1955 Raj 135).
30. We are of the opinion that this contention of respondents must be upheld. It was held in the above case that on the coming into force of the Constitution the power conferred on the Rajpramukh under Article VII(3) of the Covenant lapsed. This power could no longer be exercised either by the Rajpramukh or by the State of Rajasthan or by anyone else and the question of succession to Jagirs became purely a civil matter, justiciable by the ordinary courts of the land. As there was no law at that time barring the jurisdiction of the civil court in the matter it was held in that case that the civil courts had jurisdiction to decide disputes relating to succession to Jagirs.
31. Thereafter the Rajasthan Jagir Decisions and Proceedings (Validation) Act, 1955 came into force on 5-11-1955. Under Section 3 of this Act all decisions already given in accordance with the laws in force on the date of the coming into force of the Constitution were validated. Under Sections 4 and 5 of the Act specific revenue courts were designated as forums for deciding pending and future cases of disputes relating to succession to Jagirs. The jurisdiction of the civil courts to decide such cases was thus barred. It was under this Act that the present dispute relating to the succession to the Jagir of Sabal Singh deceased came up for decision before the Board of Revenue.
The Board of Revenue were bound to decide the dispute before them as if it were an ordinary civil dispute relating to succession to the pro-perties of Sabal Singh deceased and the question of any recognition of the adoption did not arise after the coming into force of the Constitution. The decision of the Board of Revenue is erroneous on the face of it as they were under the misapprehension that Jai Singh could not Succeed to the estate of Sabal Singh even after the coming into force of the Constitution because the Ruler of Jaipur had not recognised his adoption for purposes of succession,
32. On behalf of Sobhag Singh and the State of Rajasthan it was contended that even though the Jaipur Matmi Rules 1945 were not retrospective they were in force when succession opened in this case and thus were applicable to it. It was asserted that under these rules no adoption could be recognised for purposes of succession unless it was made with the previous sanction of the Ruler.
Further it was argued that under Rule 14 (2) of the Jaipur Matmi Rules an adopted son even though validly adopted under the personal law did not acquire any right to succeed to the estate of his adoptive father merely by such adoption and that it was only after the adoption was recognised for purposes of succession that he acquired such a right. It was contended that as the adoption of Jai Singh had not been recognised by the Ruler, the grant held by Sabal Singh did not vest in him on his death in 1948 but vested in his nearest collateral Sobhag Singh and Jai Singh could not acquire any right by the coming into force of the Constitution which he did not possess already on 26-1-1950.
33. On behalf of the petitioner it was strenuously argued that the Jaipur Matmi Rules 1945 had no statutory force but that they were merely administrative rules framed for the guidance of the officers who were entrusted with the disposal of Matmi cases relating either to small jagirs or in which there was no dispute.
34. We are of the opinion that the Jaipur Matmi Rules 1945 did not have the force of law at any time. These rules were published in the Jaipur Gazette Extraordinary dated 8th December, 1945 under Revenue Branch Notification dated 24-11-1945 No. 15941/Revenue, which ran as follows:
'The Jaipur Government are pleased to approve of The Jaipur Matmi Rules 1945 attached herewith'.
Under the Government of Jaipur Act, 1944 which came into force on 5-9-45, the Council of Ministers consisting of the Prime Minister and such other Ministers as His Highness the Maharaja may determine was constituted to aid and advise His Highness in the exercise of the executive authority of the State. Under the Jaipur General Clauses Act 1944, which came into force on 14th March, 1944 'Government' was defined as follows:
' 'Government' or 'the Government' shall mean the Council of Ministers consisting of the Prime Minister and such other Ministers as His Highness may appoint and shall denote the Prime Minister or any other Minister authorised by an order in Council to administer executive government with such powers and under such limitation as may be specified in such order'.
It is not disputed that the Government of Jaipur had no legislative power. The assertion on behalf of the respondents however is that the Jaipur Matmi Rules acquired statutory force as they received the assent of His Highness the Maharaja on 7-11-45 under Section 28 of the Government of Jaipur Act 1944. This assertion is solely based on an affidavit filed by Shri Aftab Ahmad Kherie, Officer on Special Duty for Revenue Legislation, Rajasthan, who was a member of the Board of Revenue in the erstwhile Jaipur State. He has sworn that he saw the order of approval of His Highness with his own eyes on a file in the Secretariat which is not traceable.
35. On behalf of the petitioner it is urged that if these rules had received the assent of His Highness there was no reason why this fact should not have been mentioned in the notification under which these rules were published in the Gazette. On the contrary in this notification it is expressly mentioned that the Jaipur Government were pleased to approve of the Jaipur Matmi Rules 1945.
It was argued that the wordings of this notification excluded the possibility of these rules having received the assent of His Highness the Maharaja. It is pointed out that in the notification under which the Jaipur Tenancy Act wag published in the same Gazette it was expressly mentioned that it had received the assent of His Highness the Maharaja on the 4th September, 1945.
Our attention was also drawn to Section 5(1) of the Jaipur General Clauses Act and the decision of this court in Shiv Kalyan Singh v. Bhur Singh, ILR (1954) 4 Raj 506: (AIR 1954 Raj 182) in which it was held, relying on the wordings of the above section, that mere publication in the Gazette was not enough and that the publication had to be as an 'Act'. It was observed that publication as an Act means that it should be published in the Gazette in such manner that everybody may know that the Act published is a law which has been made by or with the assent of His Highness the Maharaja. Section 5 (1) runs as follows :
'Where any Act is not expressed to come into operation on a particular day, then it shall come into operation if it is an Act of the Legislature, on the day on which the assent thereto of His Highness the Maharaja is first published in the Jaipur Gazette, and if it is any other Act, on the day on which it is first published as an Act in the Jaipur Gazette'.
The attention of their Lordships was not drawn to the Jaipur Laws (Validating) Act, 1952, Section 2 of which provides:
'Notwithstanding anything contained in the Jaipur Laws Act, 1924, or the Jaipur General Clauses Act, 1944, or in any other law or in any judgment, decree or order of any court, no Jaipur law shall be deemed to be, or ever to have been, invalid by reason merely of the fact that such law was not published in the official Gazette or otherwise duly promulgated or published; and every such law shall, notwithstanding that it was not so promulgated or published, be deemed to have come into force on the date on which it was made and to have been or to be, in forceuntil repealed by any competent legislative, authority'.
36. If it had been proved that the Jaipur Matmi Rules 1945 actually received the assent of His Highness the Maharaja the defect of non-publication of these rules as an 'Act', which had received the assent of His Highness the Maharaja, would be cured under Section 2 of the Jaipur Laws (Validating) Act, 1952. We are however unable to rely on the memory of Shri A. A. Kherie in view of the fact that not only was it not mentioned in the notification under which the Jaipur Matmi Rules 1945 were published that they had received the assent of His Highness but it was expressly mentioned that the rules had been approved by the Government of Jaipur which had no legislative authority.
The wordings of this notification make it highly improbable that they ever received the assent of His Highness. In the notifications under which the other Jaipur Acts were published it was invariably mentioned that they had received the assent of His Highness. We are accordingly unable to hold that the Jaipur Matmi Rules 1945 received the assent of His Highness.
37. In the alternative it was argued on behalf of the respondents that even though the Jaipur Matmi Rules had no statutory force and were merely administrative Rules they were given statutory force by the Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act, 1952 in Section 2(d) of which existing Jagir law was defined as any Act, Ordinance, regulation, rule, order, resolution, notification, or bye-law relating to Jagirs or Jagirdars in force in the whole or any part of the State at the commencement of this Act. We are unable to accept this contention.
38. In Shripad Amrit v. Harsidhbhai Divatia, AIR 1948 Bom 20, the definition of 'existing Indian Law' as contained in Section 311 of the Government of India Act came up for interpretation. 'Existing Indian Law' was defined as any law, ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation passed or made before the commencement of Part III of that Act by any Legislature, authority or person in any territories for the time being comprised in British India, being a legislature, authority or person having power to make such a law ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation. It was held:
'It is not possible to read the Order as a mere executive order divorced from the context 'Law, ordinance, order, bye-law, rule or regulation' are of the nature of legislative provisions, which are described in those various terms, the difference in terminology being the result of the difference between the authorities promulgating the same'.
We are of the opinion that no regulation, rule, order, resolution, or notification would come under the definition 'existing Jagir law' unless it was in force as law. The Jaipur Matmi Rules which were not in force as statutory rules cannot be treated as 'existing Jagir-law' under the Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act, 1953, Under the Rajasthan Jagir Decisions and Proceedings (Validation) Act, 1955, 'law' includes 'existing Jagir law' as definedin the Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act, 1952. The Jaipur Matmi Rules cannot be treated as law under the Rajasthan Jagir Decisions and Proceedings (Validation) Act, 1955.
39. Even assuming that the Jaipur Matmi Rules, 1945 have statutory force, Rule 14(2) cannot be applied to adoptions which took place before the coming into force of these rules, even in cases where succession opens after the coming into force of these rules. For there is nothing in these rules to indicate an intention to apply them retrospectively even to adoptions which took place before these rules came into force.
It is no doubt open to the Legislature to deprive an adopted son of his right to succeed to his adoptive father's property by appropriate legislation. But such an intention has to be unequivocally expressed. There is nothing in the Jaipur Matmi Rules, 1945 to show that it was intended to deprive persons who had been adopted before the coming into force of the rules without obtaining the previous sanction of the Ruler of their right of succeeding to the grant held by their adoptive fathers.
40. The Ruler of Jaipur had unlimited sovereign power. He could deprive even a real son of his right to succeed to the grant held by his father. Even in the case of a real son Matmi had to be sanctioned by the Ruler or by some subordinate authority to whom this power was delegated by him before he could succeed to the grant. The recognition of an adoption for purposes of succession was a sovereign act of a similar nature.
41. It can no longer be disputed that the grant held by a Jagirdar is his property of which he cannot be deprived arbitrarily after the coming into force of the Constitution. On the death of the Jagirdar the grant does not remain in suspension till Matmi is effected in the name of a successor. It vests in the successor as soon as the holder dies. We are unable to accept the argument advanced On behalf of the respondents that on the death of a Jagirdar the Jagir does not vest in his validly adopted son but vests in his nearest Kinsman.
We have pointed out above that so long as the Ruler exercised unlimited sovereignty it was open to him to resume the Jagir on the death of a holder. He could refuse to confer it on the nearest heir and could confer it on someone else. It was in the exercise of this power that ha sanctioned Matmi in favour of the heirs and recognised adoptions for purposes of succession to the Jagir. As was held by this court in ILR (1955) 5 Raj 693: ((S) AIR 1955 Raj 135) (FB) this power disappeared on the coming into force of the Constitution find the questions of succession to Jagir are to be decided in accordance with the personal law applicable to the last holder.
We may mention here that this personal law includes custom or usage relating to such Jagirs. It was not disputed before us that the custom or usage applicable to this Jagir was that the adoptee should be a direct male lineal descendant of the original grantee. We are of the opinion that on the death of the holder of a Jagirwithout leaving any issue the grant would vest in his adopted son provided that the adoption has been made in accordance with the personal law of the adopter Jagirdar.
42. Even if the Jaipur Matmi Rules, 1945 had the force of law the provision contained in Rule 14(2) regarding recognition of an adoption for purposes of succession by the Ruler before the adopted son could succeed to the grant became void on the coming into force of the Constitution.
43. In Purshotam Singh v. Narain Singh, ILR (1955) 5 Raj 995: ((S) AIR 1955 Raj 203), the following observations were made;
'Therefore, when Section 3 validates the decisions of the Rajpramukh given under the provisions of the now abrogated Article VII(3), it is doing indirectly the same thing which is inconsistent with the Constitution, namely validating executive decisions of the Rajpramukh which he could not arrive at under his executive functions as contained in Article 154 of the Constitution. There would be force in this argument, if these decisions of the Rajpramukh can still be called executive decisions after their validation under Section 3 of the Ordinance'.
It was sought to be argued on the basis of the above observation before the Division Bench that the power of recognising adoptions and successions though originally of an executive nature was converted into a quasi-judicial power and revived as such by the Rajasthan Jagir Decisions and Proceedings (Validation) Ordinance No. 6 of 1955 and the similarly worded Act which replaced it.
The Full Bench in Bahadur Singh's Case, ILR (1955) 5 Raj 693 : ((S) AIR 1955 Raj 135) clearly held that after the coming into force of the Constitution there was no question of recognising succession to a Jagir and that succession to Jagirs was purely a civil matter after the commencement of the Constitution. Under Section 3 of the said Ordinance and Act decisions of the Rajpramukh had been validated. It was held in Purshotam Singh's Case, ILR (1955) 5 Raj 995: ((S) AIR 1955 Raj 203) that only such decisions were validated which were validly given, namely, after hearing the parties.
There was no question of reviving the power of the Rajpramukh which had lapsed on the coming into force of the Constitution. In Bahadur Singh's Case ILR (1955) 5 Raj 693: ((S) AIR 1955 Raj 135) (FB) it was held that the forum for decision of disputes relating to succession to Jagirs was the civil court. What the Rajasthan Jagir Decisions and Proceedings (Validation) Ordinance and Act did was to provide a different forum retrospectively for judicial decisions of such disputes which had become disputes of a purely civil nature. In Purshotam Singh's Case, ILR (1955) 5 Raj 995: ((S) AIR 1955 Raj 203), this court held that under Section 3 of the Ordinance only the judicial decisions of the Rajpramukh were validated, and not his executive decisions. The reason is that succession to Jagirs after the commencement of the Constitution has become purely a civil matter to be decided in accordance with law like succession to any other property.
Although in Section 3 of the above Ordinance and the Act the words used are 'in cases or pro-ceedings arising out of, or under, the laws of the covenanting States providing for the resumption of Jagirs in those States and the recognition of succession to the rights and titles of Jagirdars therein', after the commencement of the Constitution there is no question of any resumption of any Jagir or of recognition of succession to the rights and titles of Jagirdars.
The Jagir vests in the successor in accordance with law. The Ordinance and the Act which replaced it only provide a forum for settlement of civil disputes relating to succession to the rights and titles of Jagirdars. The above words therefore only mean 'in cases or proceedings relating to succession to the rights and titles of Jagirdars'.
We hold that in so far as the Ordinance and the Act purport to confer despotic power on the newly created forum of resuming Jagirs or recognising succession to the rights and titles of Jagirdars similar to that enjoyed by the erstwhile Rulers they are void in view of the provisions of the Constitution. But in so far as they empower the authorities concerned to decide civil disputes relating to succession to the rights and titles of Jagirdars judicially they are perfectly valid.
44. On behalf of thr petitioner it was also argued that since the present Jagir was resumed on 29-10-1954, the Board of Revenue had no jurisdiction to decide the present dispute. In this connection our attention was drawn to Section 37 of the Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act, 1952 which runs as follows:
Section 37(1). 'If in the course of a proceeding under this Act any question relating to title, right or interest in any Jagir land, other than a question as to any khudkasht land or the correctness or otherwise of any entry reflating thereto in settlement records or as to any boundary, map, field-book, record of rights or annual register or as to any Wajib-ul-arz of Dasturganwai or any other settlement paper lawfully prepared or as to the correctness or otherwise of any entry made therein or a question referred to in Section 3 of the Rajasthan Jagir Decisions and Proceedings (Validation) Act, 1955, arises and the question so arising has not already been determined by a competent authority, the Jagir Commissioner shall proceed to make an inquiry into the merits of the question so arising and pass such orders, thereon as he deems fit.
(2) Every question referred to in Section 3 of the Rajasthan Jagir Decisions and Proceedings (Validation) Act, 1955 shall be inquired into and decided by a revenue officer or court declared by the provisions of the said Act competent to do so.
(3) Every other question excluded by Subsection (1) from the jurisdiction of the Jagir Commissioner shall be inquired into and decided by a revenue officer or court competent to do so under the provisions of the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1955 or the Rules made thereunder.
(4) If any such question as is referred to in Sub-sections (2) and (3) arises in the course of a proceeding under this Act, the Jagir Commissioner shall refer it for inquiry and decision of the court competent to do so and shall be bound by, and act according to such decision.'
The first clause of Section 37 says:
'If in the course of a proceeding under this Act any question relating to title, right or interest in any Jagir land, other than..... a questionreferred to in Section 3 of the Rajasthan Jagir Decisions and Proceedings (Validation) Act, 1955arises and the question so arising has not already been determined by a competent authority, the Jagir Commissioner shall proceed be make an inquiry into the merits of the question so arisingand pass such orders thereon as he deems fit'.
That means that a question relating to succession to the title, right or interest in any Jagir landshall not be decided by the Jagir Commissionereven if it arises in proceedings under the Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act, 1952. Subjections (2) and (4) further clarifythis position by saying that every question referred to in Section 3 of the Rajasthan Jagir Decisions and Proceedings (Validation) Act, 1955 shall be enquired into and decided by a revenue officer orcourt declared by the provisions of the said Act Competent to do so and that if any such question arises in the course of a proceeding under the Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act, 1952 the Jagir Commissioner shallrefer it for inquiry and decision of the court competent to do so. We therefore hold that the forum provided under the Rajasthan Jagir Decisions and Proceedings (Validation) Act, 1955 has exclusive jurisdiction to decide questions relating to succession to the rights and titles of Jagirdars.
45. An application was filed by the widowof Sabal Singh claiming to be his rightful heir In case the adoption of Jai Singh is held to be invalid. Sabal Singh died in 1948 and on his death if the adoption of Jai Singh is held to be invalid, then Sobhag Singh would succeed to the Jagir. He would be the Jagirdar of the Thikana at the time of its resumption in 1954. He alone would be entitled to compensation under the Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act, 1952. Sabal Singh's widow may be entitled to maintenance for which she should file herclaim before the Jagir Commissioner.
46. For reasons given above, we quash thedecision of the Board of Revenue dated 12-9-1956 passed in this case and direct them to decide the case in accordance with law in the light of observations made by us in this judgment. | <urn:uuid:7aabdfc0-9f4e-41d4-81ee-4ed8d22c60ae> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.legalcrystal.com/case/752752/thakur-jai-singh-vs-sobhag-ors | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719416.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00365-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976585 | 9,676 | 1.773438 | 2 |
On Computers: Death knell for desktop PCs; are laptops next?
With the recession kaput in the tech sector, one casualty is the traditional desktop PC. Its sales are still depression era and getting worse. Some are calling it a “death spiral.”
My best computing friend remarked, “Hey, my desktop sucks, it’s so 1990s.” That’s a pretty good obit for what once was the apple of our eye.
I went computer shopping recently and was shocked that my favorite store had only three desktops. All the rest were laptops and pseudo computers such as cell phones and tablets.
The manager told me the consumer desktop died with the recession. “Everybody wants laptops, even at businesses,” he said.
Why not. Laptops once sold at premiums over desktops. Now they’ve switched. You can buy a laptop for $399 and would need $600 for its equivalent in a desktop.
It took eight years for laptops to eclipse desktops. This year it’s lights out for the loser.
I feel so weird about this, almost funereal. I grew up with desktops. I’ve defended them against laptops for decades. All that’s changed.
While I’m writing the obit, I’ve found the cause of death: Wireless networking. It’s meaningless with a desk-born dinosaur PC. It’s everything with a portable laptop. Period.
What a weird revolution. While desktop sales are free falling, the desktop’s peripherals are soaring. Big monitors and full-size keyboards are flying out of the stores.
This is not so strange when you think about it. Laptop consumers often opt for adding these “accessories” to their portable systems, giving them the best of both worlds. That’s thanks to the USB connectivity of all laptops. My wife uses her laptop that way, with the heavy work going to the keyboard. My sister’s doing the same.
For years, laptops were ridiculously underpowered compared to desktops, especially given the power-hungry image and movie editing we now require. No longer. That $399 laptop has 3 gigs of RAM and a 320-gig hard drive. The $600 desktop comes with 2 gigs of RAM and a 160-gig hard drive. Enough said.
The new boys on the block are Internet TV and smart phones. Some predict they will negate the need for any PCs at all.
Why do I feel that next year I will be writing the death knell of the laptop? Nothing is sacred in technology, everything is at risk of the next big thing. That’s the only thing that never changes.
Contact Jim Hillibish at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:a8f09066-f5c3-44f2-b08b-c4148bccd44b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.norwichbulletin.com/story/news/2011/03/21/on-computers-death-knell-for/46212037007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.946783 | 597 | 1.585938 | 2 |
A Closer Look at the Elementary and Secondary Education Act
April 8, 2015
As part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), Title I aims to provide all students with an equitable education by providing financial assistance to high-poverty schools and school districts. Four different types of formula grants are used in this funding and school districts must demonstrate that the funds are used to supplement and not supplant services provided by the state and local agencies.
Title I grants include:
- Basic Grants provide funds to Local Education Agencies (LEAs) in which the number of children counted in the formula is at least 10 and exceeds 2 percent of an LEA's school-age population.
- Concentration Grants flow to LEAs where the number of formula children exceeds 6,500 or 15 percent of the total school-age population.
- Targeted Grants are based on the same data used for Basic and Concentration Grants except that the data are weighted so that LEAs with higher numbers or higher percentages of children from low-income families receive more funds.
- Education Finance Incentive Grants (EFIG) distribute funds to states based on factors that measure a state's effort to provide financial support for education compared to its relative wealth as measured by per capita income.
For the 2014 fiscal year, Title I, Part A was the single largest investment for K-12 education with an estimated $14.4 billion allocated. The funding goes through a long top-down process, which starts at the federal level, then to state education agencies, down to the school districts, and finally to schools.
Title I does not fund the low-income student directly. Instead, funding is directed towards schools with highest concentration of low-income students. Basing funding on highest concentration of low-income student has been demonstrated to not accurately measure poverty, particularly in high schools which tend to have larger student populations.
Source: Chad Miller: "Funding the Child: Analysis of Title I Portability," American Action Forum, April 2, 2015.
Browse more articles on Education Issues | <urn:uuid:11e9906e-0448-41d4-b84f-aca29d65ffbf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ncpa.org/sub/dpd/index.php?Article_ID=25540 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00135-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958356 | 422 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Yes, The Dollar Is Losing Its Status as Reserve Currency
The average life expectancy for a fiat currency is less than 40 years.
But what about “reserve currencies”, like the U.S. dollar?
JP Morgan noted last year that “reserve currencies” have a limited shelf-life:
As the table shows, U.S. reserve status has already lasted as long as Portugal and the Netherland’s reigns. It won’t happen tomorrow, or next week … but the end of the dollar’s rein is coming nonetheless, and China and many other countries are calling for a new reserve currency.
Why China Doesn’t Want the Yuan to Become the Reserve Currency
But a switch to a totally-different system – say, a gold-backed yuan – would cause enormous disruption and chaos. China – which has been a long-term planner for thousands of years – doesn’t want such a sudden change.
Moreover, housing the world’s reserve currency is a huge burden, as well as a privilege. Venture Magazine notes:
The inherent burden of housing the world’s reserve currency is that the U.S. must continue to run a balance of payment deficit to meet the growing demand. However, it was this outstanding external debt that caused investors to lose confidence in the value of the reserve assets.
Michael Pettis – the well-known American economist teaching at Peking University in Beijing – explains:
A world without the dollar would mean faster growth and less debt for the United States, though at the expense of slower growth for parts of the rest of the world, especially Asia.
When foreigners actively buy dollar assets they force down the value of their currency against the dollar. U.S. manufacturers are thus penalized by the overvalued dollar and so must reduce production and fire American workers. The only way to prevent unemployment from rising then is for the United States to increase domestic demand — and with it domestic employment — by running up public or private debt. But, of course, an increase in debt is the same as a reduction in savings. If a rise in foreign savings is passed on to the United States by foreign accumulation of dollar assets, in other words, U.S. savings must decline. There is no other possibility.
By definition, any increase in net foreign purchases of U.S. dollar assets must be accompanied by an equivalent increase in the U.S. current account deficit. This is a well-known accounting identity found in every macroeconomics textbook. So if foreign central banks increase their currency intervention by buying more dollars, their trade surpluses necessarily rise along with the U.S. trade deficit. But if foreign purchases of dollar assets really result in lower U.S. interest rates, then it should hold that the higher a country’s current account deficit, the lower its interest rate should be.
Why? Because of the balancing effect: The net amount of foreign purchases of U.S. government bonds and other U.S. dollar assets is exactly equal to the current account deficit. More net foreign purchases is exactly the same as a wider trade deficit (or, more technically, a wider current account deficit).
So do bigger trade deficits really mean lower interest rates? Clearly not. The opposite is in fact far more likely to be true. Countries with balanced trade or trade surpluses tend to enjoy lower interest rates on average than countries with large current account deficits — which are handicapped by slower growth and higher debt.
The United States, it turns out, does not need foreign purchases of government bonds to keep interest rates low any more than it needs a large trade deficit to keep interest rates low. Unless the United States were starved for capital, savings and investment would balance just as easily without a trade deficit as with one.
Only the U.S. economy and financial system are large enough, open enough, and flexible enough to accommodate large trade deficits. But that badge of honor comes at a real cost to the long-term growth of the domestic economy and its ability to manage debt levels.
As such, China is pushing for a basket of currencies to replace the dollar as reserve currency.
Indeed, China – as well as Russia, the U.N. and many other countries and agencies – have called for the “SDR” to become the new reserve currency. SDR stands for “Special Drawing Rights”, and it is a basket of 4 currencies – the US dollar, Euro, British pound, and Japanese yen – administered by the International Monetary Fund.
Jim Rickards – one of the leading authorities on currency, having briefed the CIA, Pentagon and Congress on currency issues – says:
China is not buying gold to create a new gold standard; rather it is aiming to make the Yuan more attractive, with the end result of being included in a basket of currencies, referred to as the Special Drawing Rate (SDR). He added that there is a move to make the SDR the new global reserve currency.
“Everybody knows that the U.S. dollar’s days are numbered but there is no really currency to take its place except for the SDR,” he said. “What the world is trying to do is move to the SDR and China is fine with that.”
Rickards added that China’s goal of being in an SDR basket is the best of both worlds; the country can still have total control over its monetary policy and capital accounts but still influence global economics by being part of a basket of currencies.
“What the Chinese want is to have the Yuan in the SDR basket but not open up their capital account,” he said. “That is a backdoor way for the Yuan to be a de facto reserve currency without having to give up control.”
It is silly to exclude the Yuan from the basket of currencies.
Indeed, given that there are privileges and burdens of having the reserve currency, I would argue that – if we are going to move away from the dollar as sole reserve currency – all of the currencies of the world could be in the basket … in proportion to the size of their economies. It is simple to look up the GDP of the world’s nations.
That way, each country would all share in the benefits and costs, in proportion to its size and strength.
(Obviously, some countries have such small or unstable economies that no one would want to settle in their currency. To be realistic, they’d probably be dropped out of the basket. But the ideal of including everyone is worth maintaining.)
Keynes and Other Economists Say We Should Use a Basket of Commodities
While having a basket of different things acting as the world’s reserve currency may sound like a new idea, John Maynard Keynes – creator of our modern “liberal” economics in the 1930s – promoted a basket of 30 commodities called the “Bancor” to replace the dollar as the world’s reserve currency.
The arguments for currency fixed on a basket of commodities – as opposed to currencies – was that it would stabilize the average prices of commodities, and with them the international medium of exchange and a store of value.
As China’s head central banker said in 2009, the goal would be to create a reserve currency “that is disconnected from individual nations and is able to remain stable in the long run, thus removing the inherent deficiencies caused by using credit-based national currencies”. Likewise, China suggested pegging SDRs to commodities.
Economics Professor Leanne Ussher of Queens College in New York concludes that a reserve currency made up of a basket of 30 or so commodities would:
Reduce the disorderly swings in individual commodity prices … reduce supply constraints, stabilize costs of production, promote global effective demand from the periphery and balance growth between periphery and core countries.
Monetary expert Bernard Liataer – formerly with Belgium’s Central Bank – writes:
The idea of a commodity-based currency may seem to some a step backwards to a more primitive form of exchange. But in fact, from a practical point of view, commodity-secured money (for example, gold- and silver-based money) is the only type of money that can be said to have passed the test of history in market economics. The kind of unsecured currency (bank notes and treasury notes) presently used by practically all countries has been acceptable only for about half a century, and the judgment of history regarding its soundness still remains to be written.
With a commodity-based currency, a central bank could issue a New Currency backed by a basket of from three to a dozen different commodities for which there are existing international commodity markets. For instance, 100 New Currency could be worth 0.05 ounces of gold, plus 3 ounces of silver, plus 15 pounds of copper, plus 1 barrel of oil, plus 5 pounds of wool.
This New Currency would be convertible because each of its component commodities is immediately convertible. It also offers several kinds of flexibility. The central bank would agree to deliver commodities from this basket whose value in foreign currency equals the value of that particular basket. The bank would be free to substitute certain commodities of the basket for others as long as they were also part of the basket. The bank could keep and trade its commodity inventories wherever the international market was most convenient for its own purposes–Zurich for gold, London for copper, New York for silver, and so on. Because of arbitrage between all these places, it doesn’t really matter where the trades would be executed, as the final hard currency proceeds would be practically equivalent. Finally, since the commodities also have futures markets, it would be perfectly possible for the bank to settle any forward amounts in New Currency, while offsetting the risks in the futures market if it so desired.
This flexibility results in a currency with very desirable characteristics. First of all, the reserves that the country could rely on–actual reserves plus production capacity–are much larger than its current stock of hard currencies and gold. The New Currency would be automatically convertible without the need for new international agreements. Since the necessary international commodity exchanges already exist, the system could be started unilaterally, without any negotiations. Because of the diversification offered by the basket of several commodities, the currency would be much more stable than any of its components–more stable, really, than any other convertible currency in today’s market.
3 Choices for a More Stable Money System
The 2 choices for reserve currency discussed above are using a (1) basket of currencies or (2) basket of commodities.
A third choice – which may be the best – is to use a mixture.
For example, we could have 50% currencies and 50% commodities.
That would give us some of the desirable characteristics (like stability) of a commodity basket, but not immediately move away from the fiat money systems which are now status quo for the current system.
Any of these 3 choices would give us far more stability and prosperity than we have today … without the chaos and misery – especially for Americans and perhaps Chinese – that switching to a Yuan-only reserve currency would bring.
Notes: You might assume that public banking advocates would be for a currency-only basket. But Bernard Lietaer was one of leading public banking advocate Ellen Brown’s main teachers, and he is pushing for a basket made up solely of commodities. (But public banking advocates might argue for adding currencies to the basket currencies to allow for some elasticity in the money supply.)
Gold standard advocates would obviously prefer commodities to currencies. A basket of commodities might not have the simplicity of a gold standard, but it would accomplish a lot of the same goals.
As an American who wants stability and prosperity for my country, I think a basket would be the best option for a healthy future for the U.S. And as someone who wants good things for the rest of the world, I believe that a basket would help to share political influence more widely. | <urn:uuid:cfa5ea7d-7262-42ef-bd9c-fb40f43441e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2013/10/is-the-dollar-really-losing-its-reserve-currency-status-what-will-replace-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00291-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953605 | 2,488 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Yellowstone National Park, which sits atop one of the world’s largest super-volcanoes, was struck yesterday by a magnitude-4.8 earthquake, the biggest recorded there since February 1980, but no damage or injuries were immediately reported.
The tremor, a relatively mild event by seismic standards, struck the northwestern corner of the park and capped a flurry of smaller quakes at Yellowstone since Thursday, geologists at the University of Utah seismograph stations said.
The latest earthquake struck at 6:34 a.m. near the Norris Geyser Basin and was felt about 23 miles away in two small Montana towns adjacent to year-around entrances to the park — Gardiner and West Yellowstone.
The national park spans 3,472 square miles of Wyoming, Montana and Idaho, and draws about 3 million visitors each year to its iconic geysers and wildlife attractions, including bison.
A U.S. Geological Survey team planned to tour the Norris Geyser Basin yesterday to determine if the quake altered any of Yellowstone’s geothermal features, such as geysers, mud pots and hot springs.
Several people reported having felt shaking they compared to the rumble of a tractor-trailer driving by, and some items fell off the shelves at a grocery store, a West Yellowstone police dispatcher said.
About 1,000 to 3,000 earthquakes strike Yellowstone each year, according to the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, a research partnership of the park, the University of Utah and the U.S. Geological Survey.
The ancient super-volcano, or caldera, that lies beneath the surface of the park was discovered by scientists in recent years to be 2.5 times larger than previously thought, measured at 30 miles wide, according to the park.
There was no indication that the recent seismic activity signaled an impending eruption of the Yellowstone caldera, scientists said. | <urn:uuid:1187c2e3-1091-40e7-b191-a32e77a19e35> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/national_world/2014/03/31/biggest-quake-in-34-years-rattles-yellowstone-park.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00046-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942879 | 387 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Led Zeppelin are easily one of the best rock and roll bands of all time. They’ve written some of the most iconic rock songs over the years, including Immigrant Song and Stairway to Heaven. Leading Zeppelin is Jimmy Page who is a legend in his own right. His impeccable guitar skills have helped him create anthems on both the acoustic and electric guitar.
In this list we are looking at easy Led Zeppelin songs on guitar that you can pick up as a beginner guitarist. For each song we have included a video tutorial so you can play along and go down in rock history with your very own songs. Let’s get started.
Table of Contents
- 1 1. Babe I’m Gonna Leave You
- 2 2. Going to California
- 3 3. Black Mountain Side
- 4 4. The Battle of Evermore
- 5 5. The Rain Song
- 6 6. Whole Lotta Love
- 7 7. Immigrant Song
- 8 8. Communication Breakdown
- 9 9. Dazed and Confused
- 10 Conclusion
- 11 FAQs
1. Babe I’m Gonna Leave You
This is a track that came from the band’s debut album which they titled after themselves. It’s probably still one of their most known acoustic songs to date. However, what many people don’t know is that this isn’t an original composition.
The song Babe I’m Gonna Leave You was a song originally written by Anne Bredon who was an American folk singer in the 1950s. Her solo piece inspired Jimmy Page to work on his very own version of the track. He went to Robert Plant later with it and together they were able to turn it into rock and roll genius.
You will be playing guitar in the key of Am and the acoustic guitar part has arpeggiated chords. The bassline to the song is always moving so that lifts up the main riff. The last thing you need to know about playing this song is that Page uses a fingerstyle picking technique. The harder rock sections go back to using your guitar pick.
2. Going to California
Another acoustic style ballad from Led Zeppelin is Going to California. This came from the band’s fourth album which didn’t have a title. It’s definitely one of their more celebrated songs as it ranked at place eleventh in Rolling Stone magazine in their 40 greatest Led Zeppelin songs of all time list.
The song is all about a romance that fails followed by the want to move to California where people often think the grass is greener. When interviewed about the song Robert Plant said that he was embarrassed by the lyrics but still felt they reflected a rather tumultuous time for him.
You’ll be playing Going to California in D major and the ballad centers around a stunning harmony. The tuning is double D drop tuning on an acoustic guitar and it goes D, A, D, G, B and D. This basically means that the top and bottom E strings are tuned down a whole step to a D. The tabs you will find for this song are a mixture of the acoustic guitar melody and then the mandolin which can be heard periodically throughout the original piece.
3. Black Mountain Side
Another song from Led Zeppelin’s debut album is Black Mountain Side. This was a solo piece recorded in 1968 that is completely instrumental. It’s where Page really showed off his abilities as a guitar player.
The first thing you will notice about the song is that you won’t be using standard tuning again. The original recording features a Gibson SJ-200 guitar and the same tuning as Going to California. Another instrument you will hear is called a tabla which enhances the Indian style that is apparent on the track.
When you play the full version it can actually be challenging but there are plenty of easier beginner versions available out there. You will use the key of D and watching Page perform it live may help you get a better feel of how to play the song with his accents.
4. The Battle of Evermore
Next up is a song featured on the fourth album, Led Zeppelin IV. It’s got more of a folk feel than their other music and was sung by Plant along with Sandy Deany, an English singer-songwriter. There is both an acoustic guitar and a mandolin featured on the original track.
The song was a brainchild of Page and Plant and came about when they picked up bassist John Paul Jones mandolin and started playing around with it. The song was written then and there. The song makes references to the popular books and films The Lord of the Rings.
The Battler of Evermore uses the key of Am and you will be using easier, open chords to recreate the song. There’s an interesting harmony that descends into the bass line from the guitar. It goes Am, E, back to Am then D#, then finishes Am and D. It’s an interesting part to the song which will present you with more of a challenge.
5. The Rain Song
The Rain Song is an acoustic-style ballad and was featured as the second track on the fifth studio album titled Houses of the Holy. Page recorded the song in his home studio which had just been built in Plumpton, England. The new studio meant that the band could create more sophisticated music and expand on their arrangements.
What’s an interesting fact about this song is that it was inspired by George Harrison. He apparently told John Bonham that he thought the band didn’t play enough ballads. His opinion made Page want to prove him wrong and to create this track.
The song is played on a 12-string guitar and uses alternate tuning. The studio version is played with low to high tuning of D, G, C, G, C and D. Any live versions you hear has the same tuning at a step higher.
6. Whole Lotta Love
Whole Lotta Love was the opening song from Led Zeppelin’s second studio album. It was released in many different countries and became the first hit single for the band. It is ranked at number 75 in Rolling Stones 2004 issue of 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.
The main riff of Whole Lotta Love is epic and revolves around five notes that Jimmy Page thought up. The lyrics faced a plagiarism problem as they were taken from a song by Willie Dixon called You Need Love. This issue was solved out of court back in 1985.
Whole Lotta Love uses the key of E and the solo has jazz free-form influences and other rhythmic parts.
7. Immigrant Song
If you want a song that’s packed full of power chords then Immigrant Song is the one for you. The opening part makes a huge statement and the track was featured on the controversial Led Zeppelin III album. The reason it caused such an uproar is that the first half of the album gives you that rock and roll killer vibe and the rest of the album is folk/acoustic and explores a new direction for the band.
The song revolves around the repetition of that F# minor riff and the lyrics make references to the mythical culture of the Nords. It’s probably one of the most commercially successful songs in the band’s career.
Plant revealed that the main inspiration from the song was from a concert that the band held in Reykjavik in Iceland. This was during a particularly charged time for politics in the country.
8. Communication Breakdown
Another song from the first album is Communication Breakdown. It was released from the B side of the album and was directed more to a US audience. Plant was not credited for his part in the song because of another recording contract he had at the time it was written. He is responsible for writing the lyrics though.
Communication Breakdown was one of the first ever songs the band wrote before they even had played a live gig. The rumor is that Page composed that recognizable main riff first and then the rest of the band worked around that.
The song uses the key of E and has a Mixolydian scale that gives it a blues and rock vibe. There’s a fast downstroke riff that gave birth to punk music in terms of that sort of guitar style.
9. Dazed and Confused
Dazed and Confused is one of the most acclaimed songs and most well-known tracks from the band. It was song number four from the first album and Jimmy Page was credited with its creation. The inspiration came from Jake Holmes who was an American singer-songwriter.
Jake Holmes was the one who originally wrote Dazed and Confused and it was part of his first album that was released in 1967. Jimmy Page was inspired by this song and decided to write a version of his for his band at the time, the Yardbirds. The band performed the song a lot in their live gigs but never recorded their version. It was when Zeppelin was created that Page finally decided to put it on tape.
You’ll play Dazed and Confused using the E minor key and the main riff doubles up as the bass line. In the guitar solo Page uses a violin bow on the guitar strings which creates the effect that you hear on the main track. An alternative way to play it is to slide and then play around the E blues and E minor scales.
We hope you enjoyed our list of Led Zeppelin songs and that you can find something simple enough to play as a beginner. If this sort of music is your style then make sure to take a look at easy metal songs for more inspiration on this genre for your guitar playing.
What is the easiest Led Zeppelin song on guitar?
There are plenty of Led Zeppelin songs you can play at an easy level on your guitar. We’ve featured many on our list above so make sure to read through to find the easiest ones for you.
What is the easiest Led Zeppelin solo?
Many people would say that Thank You from the Led Zeppelin II album is the easiest guitar solo to play from start to finish.
What Led Zeppelin song starts with acoustic guitar?
Tangerine is a song that was recorded in 1970 and explores Zeppelin’s acoustic talent. It features an intro with an acoustic guitar and rhythm played on a pedal steel guitar. | <urn:uuid:e7812640-f933-4e1f-a328-788e0edfbe6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://instrumentio.com/easy-led-zeppelin-songs-on-guitar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.975894 | 2,161 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Houston Weather in August
August is the hottest month for Houston, Texas. That means most days have highs in the mid 90s degrees Fahrenheit (around 35 degrees Celsius). Thunderstorms are common now and so is sunshine.
This page gives detailed information on the typical August temperature, precipitation, sun, humidity, wind and storms for Houston. The numbers here are historical averages based on temperature and rainfall measurements gathered at Houston Hobby Airport and other climate data from George Bush Intercontinental Airport.
|94 °F||August average high||34 °C|
|77 °F||August average low||25 °C|
August is Houston's hottest month overall, with temperatures peaking from the 1st to 13th. These dates have daily highs averaging 94 °F (34 °C) and lows of 77 °F (25 °C).
|26 days||90 °F max. or more (32 °C)|
|1 day||70 °F min. or less (21 °C)|
Usually every day in August is at least 80 °F (27 °C) in Houston. The city averages one or two days this month when the thermometer reaches into the 100s °F (over 38 °C).
Normally August never cools down to 60 °F (16 °C) at night.
|5.4 in||total precipitation||138 mm|
|10 days||of rain|
Half the time, Houston receives 2.0 to 7.2 inches (51 to 183 mm) of rainfall in August. One in four years has drier weather, while another one in four is wetter.
|6 days||clear skies|
The sun's rays reach the ground in Houston during 68 percent of daylight hours on average in August, for a total of 277 hours in the month. Typically on 6 days this month the sky is mainly clear, with at most 30 percent cloud cover.
Sunlight in August at Houston lasts for 13 hours and 10 minutes a day on average. The longest day of the month is the 1st with 13 hours and 33 minutes of daylight. By the end of the month, the days have shortened to 12:46 from sunrise to sunset. These durations can vary by a minute or two from year to year.
|75 %||August average humidity|
The relative humidity in Houston during August usually peaks at 93 percent in the morning then drops to 55 percent by mid afternoon.
|Local Time||12 am||3 am||6 am||9 am||12 pm||3 pm||6 pm||9 pm|
|6.1 mph||August wind speed average||9.8 kph|
August is the least windy month at Houston.
|3 days||rainfall of 0.5 inches (13 mm) or more|
|10 days||with thunderstorms in August|
|14 %||chance a named storm approaches|
There's a 4 percent probability that a hurricane will approach within 100 miles (165 km) of Houston during August. The chance of a major hurricane (category 3 to 5) reaching the area is 1 percent.
The weather data here are long-term averages provided by the US National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Temperature and precipitation are 1991-2020 normals while humidity and thunderstorms are 1961-1990 normals. The named storm probabilities come from the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. | <urn:uuid:2565a222-75ae-445c-8bb8-6173ac9d57be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://mail.currentresults.com/Weather/Texas/Places/houston-weather-in-august.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.86399 | 752 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Jack Dreyer | Monday 13th December 2021 11:03am
Since the pandemic, staycations have become increasingly popular ó as have caravan holidays. As a result, more and more people are experimenting with ways to run their caravans for less, leading to an influx of drivers using their car tyres as an alternative.
But is this safe?
While there is no straightforward answer, this blog will explore the implications of putting car tyres on a caravan as well as provide some tips about the different types of tyres. So, if youíre planning a caravan trip anytime soon, read this article to stay informed.
Generally speaking, you could use high-quality car tyres on a caravan to tow it ó but that doesnít mean you should.
When you buy a caravan new, the tyres it comes with will be specific to the vehicle itself. Although they may be roughly the same size as normal car tyres, it is often the case that the sidewall is reinforced and made stronger to handle the extra weight.
Whatís more, since caravans are often stationary for long periods of time, the tyres they come fitted with will reflect this specification in their design too Ė being stronger and maybe having different grip patterns. When stationary, the tyres of a caravan take a lot of weight in concentrated specific areas, meaning the sidewalls need to be strengthened to prevent a blowout or a rupture.
While sitting stationary for months or even years, caravan tyres are more susceptible to weathering from the elements and rubber corrosion. Would you want to put high-quality car tyres on a caravan just to see them erode over time?
One of the most common reasons why drivers think itís ok to use caravan and car tyres interchangeably is the axle type.
Many caravans have a twin axle like cars. This is often used as an excuse for drivers to put regular car tyres on caravans, since the load is spread more evenly. Some caravans, on the other hand, only have a single axle and require two tyres which, when considering the heavy weight of the caravan, is too much load to bear for car tyres used to sharing the load among four.
When choosing the right tyre for your caravan, youíll need to factor in the weight limit. Itís all well and good fitting tyres when your caravan is empty, but imagine the weight difference between it being bought new and the first day of a two-week-long summer holiday with your entire family on board ó then it becomes an entirely different story.
You can find the weight limit in your caravanís documentation. Once located, divide the weight between four (or two) and you have the maximum weight that each tyre can carry. On the sidewall of each tyre should be the maximum weight limit it is capable of carrying, so if youíre beneath that ó youíre golden.
Another factor that comes into play when choosing caravan tyres is their width. Make sure you follow the guidance from your caravan manufacturer to ensure you donít choose tyres that are too wide for the wheel housing or not wide enough to support the weight.
So, if youíre planning to use your car tyres on your caravan, we would recommend otherwise unless in emergency situations when youíve deciphered the compatibility of your tyres. Usually, though, the weight, width, and sidewall strength are simply not designed for it. Something more similar to van tyres would be more appropriate.
If you are looking for high-quality car tyres, however, Kwik Fit has you covered. Shop our online range of tyres today or, for any questions about your tyres and their specifications, get in touch with the experts at your local Kwik Fit centre. Stay safe out there!
Friday 1st October 2021
Keep your vehicle safe and roadworthy for longer, by ensuring that your tyres are maintained at all times. Here are 7 simple steps you should take to keep your tyres in tip top condition.
Friday 30th April 2021
The EU is changing the labels that come with new tyres in order to be more informative and transparent. But what do the new labels mean? Find out here. | <urn:uuid:4459bff6-372a-48c3-9ae6-88443e2abfbc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kwik-fit.com/blog/can-i-put-car-tyres-on-a-caravan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.950456 | 875 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Excel VBA Date: Have Fun with Your Date!
Just to make sure you didn’t come here looking for tips to excel on the dating scene, let’s just get this straight: in this article we’re going to be doing a deep dive into the VBA programming for date in Excel! 🙂
VBA stands for Visual Basic for Applications. It’s basically Microsoft’s at integrating the event driven programing language Visual Basic, with their Microsoft Office application suite. VBA is most commonly used with MS Excel, as you can learn in this course. The most popular part of VBA is its Macros, but we’re going to take a side track and explore another important aspect – which is the date handling. (if you’re interested in learning more about Excel VBA Macros, do check out this course). We assume a basic level of familiarity with both Excel and Visual basic. If they’re new to you, please first take this basic VBA for Excel course. Alternatively, if you just need to refresh your concepts, you can read through this tutorial.
Let’s get started!
How Excel Internally Handles Dates
You may enter a date in any of the human readable formats, for example the American style (Month-Day-Year) or the European format (Day-Month-Year). Excel always stores these internally as serial values. Times are stored in decimal format. This works really well for those who use Excel extensively – since it makes it extremely easy to add dates or times, and even to subtract them. It takes away the tedium of having to mentally add up dates, and keep track of which month has 30 days versus 31 days, or remember that an hour is 60 minutes and time doesn’t follow the decimal system.
When to Use VBA
At times you may have to do a repetitive task, or want to automate it – that’s the most common case where VBA comes in handy. More advanced users would also use VBA to create their own algorithms to analyse their data and then use Excel’s graphs to show the data neatly (we do have the Ultimate VBA course that shows you just how to do this – check it out here!).
How to Set the Date with VBA
VBA has a simple macro to set the date. First you’ll have to declare a variable with the Dim statement. Then you can use the DateValue function, to assign a date to the variable. Let’s take a quick look at the code:
Dim Date1 As Date Date1 = DateValue("Jan 19, 2014") MsgBox Year(Date1)
Bonus: As you see in the example, you can use the MsgBox command at the end to display the “Year”, that’s 2014, in a pop-up message! How cool is that!
How to add 2 Dates in VBA
You can add two dates, or a number of days, or a number of months, or a quarter – basically any unit of date) using the very versatile DateAdd function. Let’s look at an example:
Dim Date1 As Date, Date2 As Date Date1 = DateValue("Jan 19, 2014") Date2 = DateAdd("d", 7, Date1) MsgBox Date2
Pay attention to the syntax of the DateAdd function.
- The ‘d’ indicates we want to add a number of days.
- The ‘7’ indicates we want to add 7 days.
- The ‘Date1’ indicates that we want to add 7 days to Date1.
Thus we’ve created a new date, Date2 by adding 7 days to Date1, with the DateAdd function.
Like we said earlier, instead of days, you can also add months, quarters or just about anything else. These are the options the DateAdd function can take
- yyyy: Year
- q: Quarter
- m: Month
- y: Day of year
- d: Day
- w: Weekday
- ww: Week
- h: Hour
- n: Minute
- s: Second
Take a break from this tutorial and go try some of them out for yourself!
How to Subtract a Date in VBA
Make a wild guess. How do you think you can subtract dates in VBA? What would this function do?
Dim Date1 As Date, Date2 As Date Date1 = DateValue("Jan 19, 2014") Date2 = DateAdd("d", -7, Date1) MsgBox Date2
Getting the Date from a String
Sometimes you may have the date saved as a string in your Excel spreadsheet – for example “May/12/2014”. For you to be able to order it, sort it, or add or subtract it, you’ll need to convert into an actual date format. Here’s how you can do that.
Dim Date1 As Date Date1 = DateValue("19/Jan/2014") Range("A1").Value = Date1
This will take the string “19/Jan/2014” and internally convert it to the date “19/1/2014” (or “1/19/2014” depending on whether your default is set to American or European format).
Bonus: You can call “Range” to save the date, Date1, to cell A1.
How to Avoid Date Format Issues
Depending on which part of the globe you’re at, you use either the American style (Month-Day-Year) or the European format (Day-Month-Year). Ever faced a situation where the two got mixed up – when you wrote 10/12/2013 meaning 12th October 2013 and a vendor or supplier on the other side of the globe thought you want the delivery on the 10th of December 2013? VBA has a way to make sure you avoid such goof ups – if you use it right. There’s a DateSerial function, which forces you to give the date in a specific, neutral format, thereby avoiding all ambiguity. The syntax is
DateSerial (year, month, day)
Here’s how you can use it:
Dim Date1 As Date Date1 = DateSerial(2014, 1, 19) Range("A1").Value = Date
There’s a lot more that can be done with dates in VBA. This is just the tip of the iceberg. We strongly recommend you experiment with VBA for yourself. You could always flex some muscle with MrExcel in this VBA course, or take a leap ahead with this Ultimate VBA course. Have fun, and let us know how it goes!
Top courses in Excel VBA
Excel VBA students also learn
Empower your team. Lead the industry.
Get a subscription to a library of online courses and digital learning tools for your organization with Udemy for Business. | <urn:uuid:4a279f02-bef4-479d-89dd-c4facaa089b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.udemy.com/excel-vba-date/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.869227 | 1,481 | 3.171875 | 3 |
From Rebellion to Riots is a critical analysis of the roots of contemporary violence in one of Indonesia’s most ethnically heterogeneous provinces, West Kalimantan. Since the late 1960s, this province has suffered periodic outbreaks of ethnic violence among its Dayak, Malay, Madurese, and ethnic Chinese populations. Citing evidence from his research, internal military documents, and ethnographic accounts, Jamie S. Davidson refutes popular explanations for these flare-ups. The recurrent violence has less to do with a clash of cultures, the ills of New Order-led development, or indigenous marginalization than with the ongoing politicization of ethnic and indigenous identity in the region.
Looking at key historical moments, markedly different in their particulars, Davidson reveals the important links between ethnic violence and subnational politics. In one case, army officers in Soeharto’s recently established New Order regime encouraged anti-Chinese sentiments. To move against communist-inspired rebellion, they recruited indigenous Dayaks to expunge tens of thousands of ethnic Chinese from interior towns and villages. This counter-insurgent bloodshed inadvertently initiated a series of clashes between Dayaks and Madurese, another migrant community. Driven by an indigenous empowerment movement and efforts by local elites to control benefits provided by decentralization and democratization, these low-intensity riots rose to immense proportions in the late 1990s. From Rebellion to Riots demonstrates that the endemic violence in this vast region is not the inevitable outcome of its ethnic diversity, and reveals that the initial impetus for collective bloodshed is not necessarily the same as the forces that sustain it.
“A comprehensive case study . . . . Essential reading for students of the West Kalimantan violence.”—Dave McRae, Indonesia | <urn:uuid:089c0e6b-3927-422e-b436-ad45b6b86da4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/from-rebellion-to-riots-collective/9780299225841-item.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00082-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936415 | 360 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Wednesday 6th May 2009
The history of astronomy is a popular topic for Papworth meetings, so we were pleased to have Mark Hurn give us a talk on Sir Robert Stawell Ball for our May meeting before the summer break. (That’s Sir Robert in the picture above – not Mark!)
Sir Robert was a nineteenth century Irish astronomer who became Astronomer Royal for Ireland and later worked at the University of Cambridge where he had special accommodation built for his extensive family. His observational astronomy days ended prematurely after removal of one of his eyes, but he made significant contributions to mathematics and particularly to the popularization of astronomy through his many books.
Mark Hurn is librarian at the Institute of Astronomy so has access to a number of old books written by Ball which he brought along to the meeting to show us. Mark made the point that it is fascinating to read about past astronomical theories in the light of our present knowledge. Ball, for example, believed that meteorites came from earth, not from the solar system and argued his corner vigorously. We now know of course that many of these objects come from Mars, but one can imagine how this might have been difficult to envisage over 100 years ago. Sir Robert Ball died in 1913 and is buried in Cambridge in the Ascension Parish Burial Ground, near Storey’s Way. | <urn:uuid:506bfbdf-63fe-4d7c-bc70-78afb4241bc5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://papworthastronomy.org/2009/05/06/mark-hurn-sir-robert-stawell-ball/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00151-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98249 | 273 | 2.84375 | 3 |
History and Theory.
A staple of young childrens' birthday parties for many years, the bouncy castle first became popular in the yuppie heydays of the later 1980s. Before this point, extravagant parties for young children were a rarity, but they became more common as parents insisted on spoiling their little darlings.
The premise is a simple one. A large and sturdy construction of some tough polymer, normally PVC, is inflated by a large air pump. This, when inflated, forms the basic "castle" shape, comprising a floor, three walls, and an open front. To this can be added many accessories on more ornate versions, including lavish turrets and a roof, or in some cases an inflatable slide. Another variant on the castle design is the box design, which has a slightly less open front, with a small entry "door" half way up the front wall. This lets the castle be turned into a ball pond. There are even more complex designs, some of which involve obstacles, either to be avoided, in some cases crawled through, or to be treated as punchbags. However, without question, the most disturbing one I have ever seen was painted to look like a large, leering clown, which you entered through his mouth.
Bouncy castles are surprisingly durable. Although a typical hire agreement requires you not to wear shoes or items of jewellery on the castle, it is very rare to see a puncture even when these are not followed. Small punctures tend be easily fixable with a patch and a few stitches; larger ones often need an entire panel to be replaced. However, such repairs are easy and relatively cheap.
Structure and Use.
The bouncy castle can simply be used like a trampoline. However, after a while, bouncing begins to pall, and you look for new uses. Competition is common, with children trying to reach the roof or scale the walls. But wait! As you look around, you notice the slight similarity of the castle to a wrestling ring. You have a mat, you have ropes on three sides. What's more, the floor is bouncy, and so you really can't get very hurt. So, how can you use this arena to best effect?
The floor is the most important section of the castle. Despite the appearance of being a multi-panel affair, air flows freely throughout the floor, with the result that the fat kid landing on one side will catapult those on the other side into the air. This effect also allows for teams of well-organised children to counter-bounce with a lighter child in an attempt to reach the ceiling.
The walls tend to be less sturdily constructed than the floor. They can, with some effort, be climbed, and jumped from, like a turnbuckle. However, the best use for them is the same use to which the ropes are put in wrestling - you throw yourself at them at high speed to bounce off in the other direction like a human pool ball.
Any extremities, such as the punchbag obstacles in the castles equipped with them, tend to be less rigid than the main structure, and so can pulled back and released and used as weapons by resourceful children. However, this tactic is looked down on almost as much as camping is by older kids.
So you want to hire a bouncy castle?
Typical prices range from £40 to £100 per day for hire, as well as a couple of pounds for the electricty used for the generator. However, for most people, the greater issue is space. With the very smallest castles at around 9' x 9', and the largest I have seen at 21' x 11', many people will find their lawn rather full rather quickly.
- Many many birthday parties and school fêtes. | <urn:uuid:97bd895c-2b45-4245-948c-f7eaeb6155b0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://everything2.com/title/bouncy+castle | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00406-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97593 | 784 | 2.171875 | 2 |
How to use Volition in a sentence
The top opened of its own volition, revealing an aged stone dagger with dulled edges and a chipped stone hilt.
Both cognition and volition are functions of thought as well as forms of moral action.
Her arms slid around his neck of their own volition and she eagerly returned his kiss.
This is the element of spontaneity in volition and in reason.
Yet this primordial creative nature is endowed with volition with regard to its own development.Advertisement
Once applied to the facts at all, it would drive us beyond the first antecedent or term of antecedents of volition to a still further cause or ground - in fact, land us in an infinite regress of causes.
The French soldiers went to kill and be killed at the battle of Borodino not because of Napoleon's orders but by their own volition.
A man is only conscious of himself as a living being by the fact that he wills, that is, is conscious of his volition.
A free volition is " a causeless volition ".
Her arms slid around his neck of their own volition and she pressed close to him passionately returning his affection.Advertisement
In ethics the term is used, like indeterminism, to denote the theory that mental change cannot always be ascribed to previously ascertained psychological states, and that volition is not causally related to the motives involved.
Dr. Murray surrendered on his own volition to the Los Angeles police department for his arraignment.
Lost in the food fantasy, she didn't see Gabriel disappear into the jungle. Katie blinked and looked around, still uneasy with the snakelike branches that moved of their own volition overhead. She didn't know what kind of creatures followed or what other critters would live in the Immortal jungle, but she wanted nothing to do with such a weird place.
The influence we seem to exercise over bodies by will is only apparent; volition and action only accompany one another.
Although children eat small objects and stick things into their bodily openings of their own volition, they inhale them unwittingly while choking.Advertisement
The system of Plotinus, Zellar remarks, is not strictly speaking one of emanation, since there is no communication of the divine essence to the created world; yet it resembles emanation inasmuch as the genesis of the world is conceived as a necessary physical effect, and not as the result of volition.
All forms of monism from Plotinus downwards tend to ignore personal individuality and volition, and merge all finite existence in the featureless unity of the Absolute; this, indeed, is what inspires the passion of the protest against monism.
In 1799 Darwin published his Phytologia, or the Philosophy of Agriculture and Gardening (1799), in which he states his opinion that plants have sensation and volition.
The Government stepped in and appointed a mixed commission of Germans and Czechs, which should, as it were, administer the affairs of this country like a trustee for a person incapable of volition.
The insistence on the validity of personal experience leads Renouvier to a yet more important divergence from Kant in his treatment of volition.Advertisement
Instead of making the motive to choice a factor within the concrete process of volition, he regards it as a cause antecedent to the exercise of a special mental faculty.
And further, the principle of causality, if fairly carried out, as universal and necessary, would not allow us to stop at personality or will as the ultimate cause of its effect - volition.
Starting from sensation as our basis, causality could never give us this, even though it be allowed that sensation is impersonal to the extent of being independent of our volition.
Sudden, unpremeditated volition may be the earliest and the most artistic, but it is not the best.
It was not wholly by volition and design that his mind was strange to others and worked in absolute detachment.Advertisement
The true source of change in the material world must be analogous to what we are conscious of when we exert volition.
And supposing it to be replied that the motive is really the moral uneasiness involved in choosing the selfish alternative, Godwin answers that this uneasiness, though a " constant step " in the process of volition, is a merely " accidental " step - " I feel pain in the neglect of an act of benevolence, because benevolence is judged by me to be conduct which it becomes me to adopt."
The former fall into the two classes of feelings (subjective) and perceptions (objective); the latter, according as the receptive or the spontaneous element predominates, into cognition and volition.
Rand explains that men know they have volition through the act of introspection.
These people fail to pause, to consider the situation, options and consequences before exercising volition.Advertisement
This overlooks any concept of free will or personal volition among users in gaging their level of intoxication.
We are in the realm of human volition, not biological reflex.
But in certain contexts there is clearly an element of intention or volition involved.
As if of their own volition, Felice's hands reached for the keyboard and settled there ready for the next command.
Knowledge, or a branch H of knowledge, is in the Theological state, when it supposes the phenomena under consideration to be due to immediate volition, either in the Object or in some supernatural being.Advertisement
In the Metaphysical state, for volition is substituted abstract force residing in the object, yet existing independently of the object; the phenomena are viewed as if apart from the bodies manifesting them; and the properties of each substance have attributed to them an existence distinct from that substance.
In ethics he made contributions to the science in regard to the place and functions of volition and attention, the separate and underived character of the moral sentiments, and the distinction between the virtues of perfect and imperfect obligation.
Tylor, the doctrine of spiritual beings, including human souls; in practice, however, the term is often extended to include panthelism or animatism, the doctrine that a great part, if not the whole, of the inanimate kingdom, as well as all animated beings, are endowed with reason, intelligence and volition, identical with that of man.
Thus certain physical changes in the brain result in a given action; the concomitant mental desire or volition is in no sense causally connected with, or prior to, the physical change.
M ` Taggart, who closes his acute Studies in Hegelian Cosmology (rigor) with " the possibility of finding, above all knowledge and volition, one all-embracing unity, which is only not true, only not good, because all truth and all goodness are but distorted shadows of its absolute perfection- ` das Unbegreifliche, weil es der Begriff selbst ist.'Advertisement
Actions of great complexity and delicacy of adjustment are daily executed by each of us without what is ordinarily understood as volition, and without more than a mere shred of memory attached thereto.
Two theories of a physiological nature have been proposed to account for the separation of the complex reactions of these conditions of hypnotism from volition and from memory.
But there is a primary kind of volition which has not reflection for its condition, which is yet free and spontaneous.
Spontaneous volition is free as reflective, but it is the prior act of the two.
This view of liberty of will is the only one in accordance with the facts of humanity; it excludes reflective volition, and explains the enthusiasm of the poet and the artist in the act of creation; it explains also the ordinary actions of mankind, which are done as a rule spontaneously and not after reflective deliberation.Advertisement
The self is found to be a cause of force, free in its action, on the ground that we are obliged to relate the volition of consciousness to the self as its cause, and its ultimate cause.
Volition is essentially a free choice between alternatives, and that is best which is most deliberate, because it is most rational.
But in Kant's view the universal content of this will is only given in the formal condition of "only acting as one can desire all to act," to be subjectively applied by each rational agent to his own volition; whereas Hegel conceives the universal will as objectively presented to each man in the laws, institutions and customary morality of the community of which he is a member.
Feeling in this higher sense (as distinguished from "organic" sensibility, Empfindung), which is the minimum of distinct antithetic consciousness, the cessation of the antithesis of subject and object, constitutes likewise the unity of our being, in which the opposite functions of cognition and volition have their fundamental and permanent background of personality and their transitional link.
Feeling is not a mental function subordinate to cognition or volition, but of equal rank and authority; yet feeling, cognition and volition alike conduct to faith in the unknown Absolute, though by different paths and processes.Advertisement
According to this way of thinking, there are also men and women walking among us who are here of their own conscious volition.
A free volition is " a causeless volition " .
By unconscious volition I mean that she would be quite unaware of the fact that she was using or even possessed of this influence.
Comte separates the collective facts of society and history from the individual phenomena of biology; then he withdraws these collective facts from the region of external volition, and places them in the region of law.
This is described as a long drawn-out dream of bitter memories - a vivid consciousness of failure without volition, or the power of initiative - a dream of lost opportunities and futile regrets, of ambitions thwarted and hopes denied, of neglected duties, abused powers and impotent hate; a dream ending ultimately in the oblivion of utter annihilation.
The final stage, positivism, is the understanding of the universe not as composed of a multitude of individuals each with volition, but as an ordered organism governed by necessary laws (see further Comte).
Domitian's succession (on the 13th of September 81) was unquestioned, and it would seem that he had intended, so far as his weak volition and mean abilities would allow, to govern well.
The physiological derangement which is the basis of the abeyance of volition may, if hypnotism be profound, pass into more widespread derangement, exhibiting itself as the hypnotic lethargy.
It may be said to be a process of unification, whereby the centres of volition, consciousness and active memory are systematically shifted upwards from the lower to the higher "principles" until they have become firmly established in the "Buddhi," or "sixth principle."
The working of the energy in the disciples is conditioned by the continued life and volition of their Master at His Father's right hand in heaven.
We must have willed thus spontaneously first, otherwise we could not know, before our reflective volition, that we could will and act.
These laws are inextricably mixed in consciousness with the data of volition and sensation, with free activity and fatal action or impression, and they guide us in rising to a personal being, a self or free cause, and to an impersonal reality, a not-me - nature, the world of force - lying out of us, and modifying us.
Cousin's doctrine of spontaneity in volition can hardly be said to be more successful than his impersonality of the reason through.
He holds that it is through our moral consciousness that we know that we are free; in the cognition that I ought to do what is right because it is right and not because I like it, it is implied that this purely rational volition is possible; that my action can be determined, not " mechanically," through the necessary operation of the natural stimuli of pleasurable and painful feelings, but in accordance with the laws of my true, reasonable self.
But choice, he holds, is not arbitrary; it is determined in every case by " that motive which as it stands in the view of the mind is the strongest," and that motive is strongest which presents in the immediate object of volition the " greatest apparent good," that is, the greatest degree of agreeableness or pleasure.
Although he denies liberty to the will in this sense - indeed, strictly speaking, neither liberty nor necessity, he says, is properly applied to the will, " for the will itself is not an agent that has a will " - he nevertheless insists that the subject willing is a free moral agent, and argues that without the determinate connexion between volition and motive which he asserts and the libertarians deny, moral agency would be impossible.
As I refer to myself the act of attention and volition, so I cannot but refer the sensation to some cause, necessarily other than myself, that is, to an external cause, whose existence is as certain for me as my own existence, since the phenomenon which suggests it to me is as certain as the phenomenon which had suggested my reality, and both are given in each other.
Their doctrines were mainly based upon a belief in the government of the universe by some form of physical necessity, and though different opinions might prevail as to the mode of operation of the various forms of physical necessity the occasional recognition of non-material contributory causes never amounted to a recognition of the independence of human volition or intelligence.
For if consciousness be looked upon as simply an epiphenomenon, an unaccountable appearance accompanying the succession of material changes, the possibility either of active interference by human volition at any point within the physical series or of any controlling or directing efficacy of consciousness over the whole set of material changes which accompany its activity becomes unthinkable.
His account of the sanction, again, is sufficiently comprehensive, including both the internal and the external rewards of virtue and punishments of vice; and he, like later utilitarians, explains moral' obligation to lie in the force exercised on the will by these sanctions; but as to the precise manner in which individual is implicated with universal good, and the operation of either or both in determining volition, his view is indistinct if not actually inconsistent.
While therefore we cannot, as we have seen, attain the idea of the supreme unity of thought and being by either cognition or volition, we can find it in our own personality, in immediate self-consciousness or (which is the same in Schleiermacher's terminology) feeling.
In the Positive state, inherent volition or external volition and inherent force or abstraction personified have both disappeared from men's minds, and the explanation of a phenomenon means a reference of it, by way of succession or resemblance, to some other phenomenon, - means the establishment of a relation between the given fact and some more general fact.
The volition of primitive man was one with that of God but it becomes broken up into separate volitions which oppose themselves to the divine will, and through the oppositions and trials of this world work onward to a second and completer harmony.
The impulse of self preservation in nature is the lowest form of religion; above this comes animal religion; and finally rational religion, the perfection of which consists in perfect knowledge, pure volition and love, and is union with God. | <urn:uuid:56cc98ff-5238-4818-9b77-5070a796331a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sentence.yourdictionary.com/volition | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.961276 | 3,210 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Zurich (Jul. 28)
The formation of the all-Jewish union for the upbuilding of Palestine through the extension of the Jewish Agency, including Zionists and non-Zionists, and the continued existence of the World Zionist Organization, which is to concentrate on an educational campaign to win the Jewish youth to a recognition of its Jewish responsibility were the keynote points stressed by Dr. Chaim Weizmann, president of the World Zionist Organization, in his presidential message delivered Sunday afternoon at the opening session of the Sixteenth Biennial Zionist Congress at the Zurich Opera House. The full text of Dr. Weizmann’s address follows:
“The day on which we gather for the sixteenth time in our Congress is a great national memorial day. It is just twenty-five years today since the founder of this Congress departed from us forever. Recollections of the inexpressible sorrow which gripped all parts of our scattered people are still alive with us today, with all those who lived through that day. Following the elapse of a quarter of a century we may today, in our loyal remembrance, rise above sorrow and lamentation and observe Herzl’s death anniversary with a feeling of deep gratitude to him who gave a life of untiring service to our people with a devotion to his and our ideal. The twentieth of Tamuz is thus becoming in our calendar a day for the gathering of all forces who are true to the spirit of Zion, a day on which we take cognizance of our national unity and of our responsibility to our people and of the greatness of our task. Our Sixteenth Congress is thus assembling on this memorial day. May it be a symbol for good.
“Honored Congress! Our Congresses are called for the purpose of rendering an account of what was accomplished and what failed of accomplishment, as well as to take decisions for the work of the future. This Congress has in addition another task which may, perhaps, single it out from among the series of Congresses in the history of our movement. This Congress has the task of erecting a new organizational structure which we hope will result in bringing new forces to our work of rebuilding the Jewish National Home as was formulated in our Basle program. This new structure is but a result of the internal developments which have occurred during the past thirty years and, in particular, during the last ten years.
“When we created the Zionist Organization, the Jewish National Home was but an idea without any practical reality attached to it. The Zionist Organization demanded of each Jew a spiritual decision. The Balfour Declaration which, with one stroke, created for us the political possibility for the upbuilding of our national home, started a new epoch for which our old forms of thought and organization, were no longer sufficient. Things have become ripe sooner than we thought after Herzl’s death. Zionism has at once ceased to be a matter for spiritual decision, but rather to a large degree a question of technical conquest and practical accomplishment. Before. Zionism was merely a matter of belief. The struggle for the idea as proclaimed then has gripped the Jewish people to its depths. In this struggle Zionism has asserted itself through all the vicissitudes of the external events. It held fast to its goal and exercised a great influence also on the thoughts and feelings of a large part of that Jewry which has declined to accept it. This changed situation has created difficulties and even upheavals which during the last ten years quite often presented us with hard trials. We trusted in our will, but had not sufficient knowledge of our possibilities. We could not immediately find harmony between the idealogical demands and the realities of practical life.
NEW SITUATION HAS ARISEN IN ZIONISM
“Honored Congress! Today, we may say without exaggeration that in mastering our task, we made great strides forward. We have not yet reached our goal, but we have emerged from the uncertainties of the first post-war years and see clearly before us the road on which we have to travel further in order to fulfill the historic duty which Jewish history has imposed on our generation. We stand today at the close of a great Zionist period of practical accomplishment and preservation. We have achieved practical results which need not fear critcism. We desire such criticism because through it we learn much since it is obvious that much of our work can stand improvement. Since the last Zionist Congress we had the desirable occasion for the examination of our colonization work by a number of experts of the first rank. What ever were the proposals of these experts for introducing improvements in the details of our work, their judgment proved that the foundations of our work are sound. The Jewish settler has become the master of his homestead and does not give it up; the Jewish workman has step by step conquered positions for himself and today constitutes a stable and important element of the Jewish population in Palestine.
“Large and small enterprises in agriculture and industry are fitting themselves into one living organism. This development of Palestine has made a deep impression on entire Jewry. Our practical work has gained friends who placed at our disposal their assistance in carrying out our reconstruction work.
“Six years ago we started negotiations for the purpose of extending the Jewish Agency provided for in Article IV of the Palestine Mandate, whose function was intrusted to the Zionist Organization, into an all-embracing representation of the Jewish people. All those circles which are ready to participate in the upbuilding of the Jewish National Home in accordance (Continued on Page 6)
THANKS MARSHALL AND WARBURG FOR COOPERATION
“I feel the need here of directing words of thanks first of all to the leaders of American Jewry. Mr. Louis Marshall and Mr. Felix M. Warburg, who were the first to cooperate with us in working out the new organization forms. Our negotiations with the American non-Zionists created the basis upon which the structure of the extended Jewish Agency may be erected. As long as we Zionists fought for the idea we could stand alone; now that we are to exert our efforts for its realization, we need all the rest of Jewry as our allies.
“Two years ago we were greatly disturbed over the situation in Palestine. We felt then with sorrow that we could have overcome the economic crisis then prevailing much sooner were we in possession of more financial means and greater force. During the past years the situation in Palestine has changed greatly and new bright prospects are on the horizon, so that we could learn with satisfaction that the High Commissioner of Palestine. Sir John Chancellor, told the Permanent Mandates of the League of Nations that the Commission period when Jewish emigration from Palestine exceeded the immigration to the country has passed and that a new era for Jewish immigration is setting in.
“The situation in Palestine has improved fundamentally. Of late, we can register in particular a development of the spirit of private enterprise. However, our national colonization. too, has made progress and is partly standing on its own feet.
“We must utilize the increase in our forces through the Jewish Agency for preparing a program of work over many years on the basis of our urban and rural colonization. A systematic but more rapid development will then follow. We are full of new hopes and impulses, but just as we were unwilling two years ago to fall under the influence of undue pessimism, so should we be unwilling to fall under the spell of exaggerated optimism. We have confidence in our enthusiasm, but we see all the realities and our policy aims at victory in the struggle with these realities.
ATTITUDE TOWARD MANDATORY POWER AND WAILING WALL ISSUE
“In our reconstruction work, we stand under the protection of the Mandatory Power with whom we are, as hitherto, bound by ties of confidence and understanding, although we have some objections to her policy, Since the last Zionist Congress we have gained many new and influential friends in world public opinion.
“Since the last Zionist Congress, a few regrettable incidents occurred in Palestine which gave rise to a misunderstanding of our attitude on the question of the Holy Sites in Palestine. When Jewish divine worship before the Western Wall of the Temple, known as the Wailing Wall, is interfered with, it is but natural that we cannot accept the violation of our right to worship at this Wall without protest. Simultaneously, however, we wish to repeat here that just as we cannot permit the infringement upon our rights, we have no intention to infringe upon or interfere with the religious rights or the Holy Sites of other faiths in the country. We will always consider it a matter of honor to regard as sacred the rights of others. We regret that these incidents gave rise to a new active misunderstanding between us and the Moslem citizens of Palestine. We are convinced that the sources of these conflicts can be removed. We, on our part, wish to do all in our power to bring about an understanding with the Arabs on this question as on any other questions.
THE FUTURE OF THE ZIONIST ORGANIZATION
“Our organization is already in its forties. In it we have created an instrument of our will. It was the first political machinery of the Jewish people in two thousand years. We never forgot, however, that this momentary form of organization is but an instrument and not a purpose in itself. A movement like ours is facing the danger of its forms becoming antiquated. It is confronted with the menace of becoming the will-less servant of the structure we created, instead of becoming its master. The extension of the Jewish Agency creates new organs within our Zionist sphere. We hope and wish the spirit of Zionism, the passionate desire for a Jewish rebirth, will lead those Jews who will be connected with the Palestine work to an ever-growing intensive conception of our ideal, and that, independent of the change of the external organizational structure, an elementary force will develop which will serve the upbuilding of Zion. Our movement is the clearest expression of the reawakening of the Jewish soul which has occurred during the past half a century. With a burning zeal, we feel the responsibility for the entire people.
ZIONISM NOW QUESTION FOR MORAL DECISION
“The message of Zionism has by far not yet penetrated into every Jewish home. A large part of our youth is still serving alien gods in various forms. During the past years we have concentrated exclusively on the practical work in Palestine. Today, when a new generation has grown up, we feel that the time has come when we must bring anew, with a new devotion, the message of Zionism to the Jewish world as a question for moral decision.
“Following our accomplishments in Palestine, the decision for or against the Palestine program has lost its sharpness. In essence, our task is to win the Jewish youth for a decision in favor of its national responsibility-Zionism is the will to create a new Judaism.
“For this reason, the cultural work, that is, the fight for the soul of our youth, must in the future occupy a greater place in our program than hitherto. In Palestine we have considerable beginnings. The development of our University has in it much promise. The growth of the Hebrew language has become a matter of course, thanks to the self-sacrificing efforts of the Hebrew teacher. However, all this is insufficient. They are merely the prerequisites for a real culture and for a real cultural creativeness.
FEAR Z. O. WILL BECOME SUPERFLUOUS TERMED “SMALL-MINDED”
“The fear that through the extension of the Jewish Agency the Zionist Organization will become superflous seems to me to be small-minded. Zionism has never had any guarantees for its existence. Zionism ever was a great adventure. Its only support was derived from the unshaken belief of the faithful. So long as our spirit remains with us will Zionism emerge richer and stronger from every encounter with external change.
“May this Congress, through its earnest and dignified proceedings, give us this great feeling of self-confidence on which every Zionist activity rests.” | <urn:uuid:949ac51f-147a-4c5a-bb12-ac6566b3946f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.jta.org/1929/07/30/archive/all-jewish-union-for-palestine-through-agency-and-zionist-educational-campaign-for-youth-weizmanns | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00045-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96709 | 2,480 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Investing in stocks is simple as more companies have simplified the process and allow beginners to open an account through a website or mobile app.Common stocks allow stockholders to vote on company issues, but most of the time stockholders receive one vote per share. Several companies also give stockholders dividend payouts – these payouts typically change based on the company's profitability. Adding stocks in a portfolio means that you own a small percentage of a company that should increase its growth and value. Beginning investors should note there are two ways to make money from stocks: dividend payments and selling stocks when the share price goes up.How to Invest in StocksInvesting in stocks can be done in many ways. If you would like to form a strategy and manage your own investments, you can open a brokerage account. If you're unsure about where to start, consider opening an account with a robo advisor who will do the work at a lower cost. For those who want more guidance about their retirement plans, turning to financial advisors might be a good solution.For beginners who do not want to do the legwork in managing their portfolio or who are new to investing, a robo advisor could be a great first step, says Rick Swope, vice president of investor education at E-Trade, a New York-based brokerage.The portfolios managed by robo advisors typically consist of exchange-traded funds aligned to an investor's goals, risk tolerance and time horizon. ETFs also provide diversification at a lower cost."Young investors who are just starting out should look to simple solutions like robos and when investors graduate to more complex financial needs, like estate planning, they may turn to the services that a financial advisor can provide," he says.The number of companies offering brokerage accounts has increased, including banks such as Ally Bank. Some brokerage companies provide a simplified version such as Robinhood where investors can buy and sell stocks, ETFs, options and cryptocurrency from a mobile app for free. Although Robinhood doesn't offer trade options for mutual funds or foreign stocks. Stocks can also be purchased in individual retirement accounts such as a traditional or a Roth IRA. This allows investors to grow their retirement money in a tax-deferred account.Competition has spurred many brokerages to slash commission fees, which can add up quickly if you buy and sell stocks, mutual funds or ETFs frequently. Robinhood is not the only company that does not charge commission fees. Starting in October, Interactive Brokers is providing an unlimited number of commission-free trades on U.S. exchange-traded stocks and ETFs along with no account minimums or inactivity fees."Investing has become much easier," says Steve Sanders, executive vice president of marketing and new product development at Greenwich, Connecticut-based Interactive Brokers. "More of your hard-earned money will go straight toward your portfolio and not toward paying fees. I think this will be extremely helpful for beginning investors as well as others who like to save money."How Much Money Should You Invest in the Stock Market?Since many brokerages such as TD Ameritrade do not require a minimum amount to open a trading account, you can start investing with even $100.Discount brokers are a boon for beginners with little money, who are looking to get stock market exposure with smaller portfolios. But a discount broker does not typically provide advice or analysis. Many of these brokers do not require a minimum amount to start an account while some have a low beginning threshold of $1,000. Building a diversified portfolio is the priority for beginners who should consider adding index funds that capture the broader market, Swope says. Mutual funds and ETFs are the easiest solutions since they own hundreds to thousands of stocks and are less volatile than individual stocks. ETFs tend to have low minimums, allowing investors to spread their first $10,000 between a few funds and gain access to a variety of areas in the market, he says."A mix of ETFs, mutual funds and individual stocks can provide even broader diversification between investment vehicles," Swope says. "Bottom line: If you're just getting started, keep it simple."Good Stocks to Invest in for BeginnersChoosing the right stock can be a fool's errand, but investing in high-quality stocks such as blue chips and dividend-yielding ones are often good strategies. One reason investors opt for blue chips is because of the potential for growth and stability and because they produce dividends – these include companies such as Microsoft (ticker: MSFT), Coca-Cola Co. (KO) and Procter & Gamble Co. (PG). Coco-Cola, for example, generates a dividend of 2.9%, and the stock is less volatile as its share price has hovered between $44 and $55 during the past 52 weeks. Dividends can generate much-needed income for investors, especially higher-dividend ones.Another thing for beginners to consider is diversification. Diversifying your stocks and not concentrating on one sector is another advantage. One other tip is to be consistent. An investor's best bet is to invest consistently such as socking away $400 a month.The habit of saving and putting away money regularly is the single biggest decision "young people can make to ensure a good life down the road," says Ron McCoy, president and CEO of Florida-based Freedom Capital Advisors. Automatic investing can help remove the need to make decisions about when and how much to invest, creating consistent investing habits, Swope says. Automatic investing takes advantage of dollar-cost averaging, which often mitigates portfolio volatility over several decades."Instead of investing a lump sum all at once, investments are made incrementally with the same amount at regular intervals on a fixed and automatic schedule," he says.Dollar-cost averaging is a great way to accumulate long-term wealth because you are always the same number of shares which can be beneficial if you're buying during a downtown and paying a lower price before the stock rebounds, says Chris Osmond, chief investment officer at Prime Capital Investment Advisors."This strategy also helps remove emotion because you're systematically investing in a long-term plan," he says.The news cycle about a company's stock performance can be overwhelming. Instead, remove the short-term noise, so you can maintain perspective of your strategy for the long run, experts say."The secret with investing is to remove emotion," Osmond says. "When emotion is removed from the equation, an investor is less likely to sell and buy at the most inopportune times."Billionaire Warren Buffett, a legendary investor, advises people to buy and hold stocks for several decades instead of selling and re-buying them constantly. At a minimum, the stock should be one that an investor would own for at least 10 years, he advises. | <urn:uuid:6eda3918-9f8e-457c-98da-c9115726839a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sshrx.com/tag/procter-gamble/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.958602 | 1,386 | 2.328125 | 2 |
The Dukakis Center’s collaborative research and problem-solving model addresses a wide range of issues facing cities, towns, and suburbs by applying powerful data analysis, multidisciplinary research and evaluation techniques, and a policy-driven perspective. Rather than address a fixed issue or set of issues, the Dukakis Center responds flexibly to urban and regional policy challenges and opportunities by focusing on an evolving set of “focus areas”.
The Dukakis Center’s earliest and some of its best known work has been done in the area of housing policy. Included in this focus area is the annual Greater Boston Housing Report Card and participation in the Commonwealth Housing Task Force. Other longstanding focus areas have been economic development, labor markets/workforce development and state and local finance.
More recently, the Dukakis Center has worked on transportation issues, especially as they relate to other areas of focus such as economic development and housing.
The Dukakis Center’s focus areas also include building the capacity of neighborhood non-profits and improving state and local finance. | <urn:uuid:ec5eaffa-3cbc-4b4e-bae4-7dead24461fb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.northeastern.edu/dukakiscenter/focus-areas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00476-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959108 | 220 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Displaying 1 - 6 of 6 resources in Veal and Organizations:
1. ACI - Animal Cruelty Investigations
Acton, CA, USA
ACI makes farm animal protection its priority and provides needed humane protection for farm animals under the law – especially in areas where humane enforcement ...
2. Advocates for Animals
3. FARM (Farm Animal Reform Movement)
Bethesda, MD, USA
non-profit grass-roots organization promoting humane treatment of farm animals and a plant-based diet. ...
4. Farmed Animal Action
Tonbridge, Kent, United Kingdom
Farmed Animal Action is a non-profit campaigns organisation dedicated to campaigning against farmed animal abuse and cruelty. We promote a vegan lifestyle and financially support ...
5. Maple Farm Sanctuary
Mendon, MA, USA
Maple Farm Sanctuary is a safe and loving refuge for farmed animals given a second chance at life.
Located on a 121 acre farm in Mendon, ...
6. Woodstock Farm Animal Sanctuary (WFAS)
Woodstock, NY, USA
Located in the famous town of Woodstock, New York, Woodstock Farm Animal Sanctuary provides shelter and care to rescued farm animals, offers farm tours and ... | <urn:uuid:60cf3ef1-eba5-4387-a2d3-b485cacbc7ba> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://animalconcerns.org/topics.html?topic=Veal&topicsku=2002130142519&topictype=subtopic&do=catsearch&catid=5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00560-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.84913 | 251 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Minimalism in Web Design: A Guide
Minimalism is a word that gets tossed around in a lot of different contexts. Whether it be a lifestyle or an art form, saying something is "minimalistic" can take on a variety of meanings.
In the web design field, minimalism is carving out an ever-increasing niche among designers that are looking to convey important content in a new way. Like just about any trend or theory in the web design world, minimalism can be easy to get wrong.
So what is minimalism in web design? Just as important, what is it not?
It’s easy to see how a minimal web design can be misconstrued as something that requires less effort or time to create. After all, conveying the feeling of simplicity and a primary focus is really the purpose of a minimal design.
However, saying that it requires less work couldn’t be further from the truth. Minimal web designs are strategically stripped of excess features and gimmicks in order to deliver a clear and concise message to the target audience.
A Minimal Mindset
In order to properly execute minimalism in your design, a focus needs to be established. Being able to present a clear message to your visitors is the core function of a minimal design.
Trying to execute a broad scope of information while still maintaining a minimal style can have pretty disastrous results, so before you dive into the actual design process, having a project plan and narrow scope will go a long way.
Take the time to consider what this site is going to be about. Not all sites can afford to dedicate themselves to a single mission and if this particular project is one of those sites, a different method of design may just be the best way to go.
If you have a clear focus, the next step is to consider what bits of information are going to be vital to your design and structure them in order of significance.
You may be surprised at how little information really needs to be presented to the user at a time in order to get your point across.
The Art of Taking Away
French writer Antoine de Saint-Exuper once said, "Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away."
Designers are often praised for the ability to create. Starting from a blank screen or canvas, we sculpt beautiful works of art — often from scratch.
Because of these trained skills, the art of taking objects away from a design can be a hard one for some to master.
Designers love to invoke visual stimulation anywhere they can, which usually spells out bad news for minimal designs.
Sometimes the best practice can be to design out a full site — and once the design feels complete, start removing all of those objects that don’t fulfill a functional need for the site. True, this can be a painful and time-consuming process, but if done right, the results can be stunning. Practice the concept of reductionism.
Minimal web designs are notoriously black and white, but that certainly isn’t a rule written in stone.
Minimalism in web design does not imply a lack of color; instead it calls for an intelligent use of well-planned color palettes.
With that said, when it comes to colors, black and white do tend to be the weapon of choice. This is because it leaves the door wide open for pretty much any accent color, allowing designers to match an existing brand image.
More unique color options can be just as effective. The key here is not just that you use color, but rather, how you use it.
In a minimal design, a continuous background color can be used to set the tone and emotion of a site while an accent color is used to capture the viewer’s attention and highlight the most important features of a web site. A properly used accent color will be used sparingly and never draw the user’s eye to more than one bit of information at a time.
The colors embedded in a minimal web design play a huge role in the feeling a site conveys. From sleek and sophisticated black and white designs to vibrant and bold colors across the spectrum, minimalistic web design is not prejudice to any color.
Designs that have been stripped of all the unnecessary bells and whistles place extra emphasis on the content. Naturally, this magnifies the importance of well thought out typography.
With fewer distractions for the user, it comes down to the text to maintain attention and develop the flow of the web site.
As the internet grows to embrace more flexible options for typefaces, the art of typography is finding a major foothold in the hearts and minds of web designers. Minimal designs are some of the best ways to showcase what can be done with well-selected type, as they should be.
The typefaces that you decide to use — and the way that you implement them — will leave a lasting impression of your design. Typography has the power to convey structural importance and will add a lot of personality to any site. The basic choice between using a serif or sans serif font can be anything but a simple one.
Be sure to embrace the variety of text styles available to you. Going beyond changes in size and color and into leading, kerning, weight and style will open up a wide array of possibilities for your content to help build up your site structure.
Having a minimal design does not always imply a simple site structure. Oftentimes, dialing back the visual overload of a site means turning up the effort put into an intelligent layout.
Not many things can destroy the effectiveness of a minimal web design quite like a poorly thought out site structure.
Is your logo in a relevant location? Is your site navigation easy to find and convenient to use? These are huge questions that will make or break the functionality of your site without over-the-top graphics to back these important elements up.
If your design requires users to think about how they should use it or look around for the content they need, then you are breaking one of the cardinal rules of web design.
Even though we see many well-executed minimal designs are brilliantly easy to navigate and visually index, they are not inherently that way. Instead, a massive amount of effort and great visual sense is required to pull off such a natural flow that seems effortless.
The art of properly spacing content will separate the men from the boys in any area of design — and when the goal is to make less mean more, negative space becomes one of the most powerful tools available to designers.
Varying amounts of negative space acts as a subconscious visual guide, giving us important feedback on what items on the screen are the most important.
Simply put: The more an item stands alone, the more attention it is going to get.
Additionally, negative space is used to group similar bits of information together which helps to solidify the structure of a design.
The empty space between these information groups gives our eyes and brains a needed break from information. As a designer, it’s easy to want to fill this space with graphics and pretty doodads to look at, but acting on these urges will quickly result in a cluttered and disorganized design.
Find the Balance
With all of this talk about taking away and avoiding graphical gluttony, it may seem as though images are the enemy here.
On the contrary, a minimal design allows images to hold even more meaning. The increase in negative space and the use of simple color palettes in a minimal web design provide images with a real opportunity to shine as true focal points of the screen.
An important concept to remember when placing graphics or images is the need to maintain a balance. Does your image work to support the content at hand? Avoid placing images for the sake of consuming space or displaying color, make sure they hold relevance to the content and support what your users are reading.
In some cases, elements such as infographics, charts or pictures can serve to clean your site up even more. They say "a picture is worth a thousand words" — and if you can use a picture to replace a thousand words, then do so!
Along the same lines, charts and graphs can be a more intelligent way to display information and actually be less sloppy in your minimal design than several paragraphs of verbal explanation.
What to Take Home
At the end of the day, it is most important to understand what goals we hope to achieve with a minimal web design. If you are building a minimal web design for the sake of trying out a new trend, then you have all of the wrong reasons.
More than just another trend, minimalism transcends the medium of the internet or the computer and holds a place in art, architecture and even philosophy. Minimalism is the practice of putting forward only the most important message and removing unwanted distractions.
Having an entirely minimal design will not always suit the needs of a design project. As a matter of fact, more often than not, you will find that minimalism will not be the right fit for the task at hand. However, it is always important to underscore the principles of communicating information in a minimalistic nature.
How About You?
Have you tried to express minimalism in your projects? Or have you found some of the theories behind minimalism important in executing parts of more traditional projects?
- 40 Beautiful Examples of Minimalism in Web Design
- 50 Beautiful Clean and Simple Web Designs
- Create a Slick and Minimalist Web Layout in Photoshop
- Related categories: Web Design and User Interface
About the Author
This was published on Aug 23, 2010 | <urn:uuid:7843a87f-fb74-4ef2-9933-714a70ca7989> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sixrevisions.com/web_design/minimalism-in-web-design-a-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00513-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92142 | 1,990 | 2.25 | 2 |
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Exclusive to Lotus Notes Domino, LotusScript is a programming language most often used to develop custom applications that work with back-end Domino databases and the Lotus Notes user interface. Whether you're a novice LotusScript developer, a hardened veteran or just looking for a new and interesting tip, this crash course of best-of-breed LotusScript tips and tutorials will help you take your LotusScript application development skills to the next level.
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TIPS AND TUTORIALS
Tutorial: 30 LotusScript tips
Divided into 10 beginner, 10 intermediate and 10 advanced tips, this tutorial from Lotus Notes Domino expert Bill Buchan shares techniques and best practices every LotusScript developer should integrate into their personal programming philosophy.
Lost in the land of LotusScript? These answers from our SearchDomino.com experts tackle many frequently asked LotusScript questions.
LotusScript Learning Guide
A compendium of resources, this guide introduces you to LotusScript, explains development best practices and pitfalls to avoid and provides troubleshooting help and advice.
Access Lotus Notes shared resources with a dynamic Domino URL command
Learn how you can use the dynamic Domino R6 URL command
"?OpenFileResource" to access shared resources in a Lotus Notes database.
LotusScript to create a tabular report from a Notes document collection
A Lotus Notes tabular report is similar to copying a table from a view. Use this LotusScript from SearchDomino.com Hall of Famer Blessan Philip to create a tabular report dynamically from a Lotus Notes document collection.
Creating a column color chart on a Web page using LotusScript
Adding this LotusScript code to an agent will create a simple column chart on a Web page using divs. The script generates random colors and values, so you may need to provide your own values if you want further customization.
How to insert RichText into RichText using LotusScript
You can append Richtext to another RichtextItem using LotusScript, but there's no function that allows you to insert Richtext. But, after some trial and error, SearchDomino.com member Ulrich Krause has figured out a way it can be done using DXLExport, DXLImport and NotesStream. | <urn:uuid:7dc7f2b5-fdd5-4704-bc7a-288576d379f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://searchdomino.techtarget.com/tutorial/LotusScript-tips-and-tutorials | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.764164 | 484 | 1.898438 | 2 |
a) Critically analyze language teaching materials and textbooks.
b) Show awareness of EFL teacher cognition and ways of enhancing EFL teacher professional growth with particular emphasis on developing the reflective EFL teacher
c) Analyze the different types of content specification in EFL curriculum: structural syllabus, lexical syllabus, notional functional syllabus, and task-based syllabuses.
d) Show awareness of the major models of second language acquisition and their implications in ELT curriculum design and teaching.
e) Identify the different social factors influencing decision making in ELT curriculum design
f) Identify the major problems involved in teaching English as a foreign language in Oman and ways of investigating them
g) Show awareness of the different ways of student assessment including alternative assessment and the washback effect of tests on teaching and learning a foreign language
h) Show awareness of the use of technology in language teaching
i) Develop appropriate skills needed for conducting research in foreign language teaching and learning including statistical literacy
Sultan Qaboos University is the realization of the promise announced by His. Majesty Sultan Qaboos Bin Said during the 10th anniversary of Oman’s National Day in 1980. Construction started in 1982 and the first Sultan Qaboos University students were enrolled in 1986. In accordance with the Royal Directives of His Majesty, The University commenced with five colleges; namely Medicine, Engineering, Agriculture, Education and Science. Furthermore the College of Arts was established in 1987, following the College of Commerce and Economics which was developed in 1993. The College of Law joined the University in 2006 and finally the College of Nursing was established in 2008.Sultan Qaboos University seeks to achieve excellence in all areas of teaching and learning, research and community service. It also seeks to promote the principles of scientific analysis and creative thinking, to participate in the production, development and dissemination of knowledge, and to interact with national and international communities.See all Sultan Qaboos University courses | <urn:uuid:e7376cff-6dd3-4e93-956d-44684eaf0356> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://courses.laimoon.com/course/m-ed-in-curriculum-and-methods-of-teaching-english/oman | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931222 | 399 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The Supervisory Management Skills Program (SMSP) is an interactive and collaborative learning experience which brings together supervisors from a variety of organization and sectors. Participants learn practical skills and theory from each instructor, who is a subject matter expert, and gain valuable insight from networking and sharing experiences with fellow participants.
The Supervisory Management Skills Program teaches the essential knowledge, skills, abilities and behaviours to enhance supervisory and management competencies. Participants will learn principles which may be applied in both public and private sector organizations and across all industry sectors.
The program instructors provide an interactive learning experience using group discussion, case studies, self-assessment activities, structured exercises, and skills practice to deliver module content.
The program includes three, five-days modules. To learn about each module please click on its title below.
Managing Employee Relations February 6-10, 2017
Communications and Team Development March 27-31, 2017
Functional Responsibilities of the Supervisor, May 1-5, 2017 (Note price increase as of May 2017)
Managing Employee Relations, June 5-9, 2017
The program is designed to strengthen supervisory and management competencies and enhance personal performance making it relevant for employees of small companies, large corporations, government, and not-for-profit organizations.
Program participants come from a broad range of industries, backgrounds and education levels. The diversity in the classroom adds significantly to the richness of the learning experience. There are no course pre-requisites for this program.
The program is comprised of three modules, each of which is five days in duration. There are no pre-requisites for the modules, and the program can be completed in any module order. To learn about each module please click on its title below.
After each module, participants will receive a certificate of completion. For those individuals who complete all three modules of the program, a Certificate of Achievement in Supervisory Management Skills will be awarded.
Gardiner Centre can customize the Supervisory Management Skills Program (SMSP) to address the specific needs of your organization. The modules within the program can be tailored to include real examples and discussions to help your staff develop solutions for the specific challenges facing your organization.
We have customized and delivered successful programs for organizations such as:
"When you can sit back and understand how others see you, you can then make appropriate changes to become a more positive person and manager. I can step back and look at a situation as a whole and gather all the relevant information instead of dealing with it head on. I have gained respect from my peers due to the way I use these skills on a daily basis. I would recommend anyone who is thinking of going into a management position or is currently in a management position to complete this program. The knowledge you gain from instructors and the experiences you hear from other participants is guaranteed to help you in your career path and in life in general.
Project Manager, BELFOR Property Restoration
I have attended several of the training sessions at the Gardiner Centre including the Supervisory Management Skills Program and have found the information presented to be easily transferable to the job. The information presented is diverse and participants are offered an opportunity to practice among their peers with role playing. It is a great opportunity for hands on learning for those starting in a supervisory position or for those who have been in management for years.
Regional Maintenance Manager, West Coast, Newfoundland and Labrador Housing Corporation
"The Gardiner Centre Supervisory Management Skills Program is a multifaceted program devised into three robust modules. This program is a harmonized fit for anyone new to managing people and to those with whom have many years' experience. The faculty team have the talent to make daunting supervisory tasks become attainable goals, and strategic thinking the norm for any supervisor. Don Shula & Ken Blanchard said that - Learning is often defined as a change in behaviour. You haven't learned a thing until you take action and use it. - Fortunately for the supervisors and future workforce leaders of today's society we have the Gardiner Centre SMSP to empower any participant to return to the workplace equipped with a comprehensive skillset ready to change the challenges of today and make them the opportunities of tomorrow."
Corporate Manager, Crosbie Group Limited
Ada Shave is a Senior Consultant with Knightsbridge Robertson Surrette, a Human Resources consulting firm based in Halifax. She also maintains a consulting practice in the St. Johns area.
Ada has taught at the undergraduate and graduate levels at Memorial University and holds certificates in Reality Therapy and Critical Incident Stress Debriefing. Ada specializes in using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, a personality type indicator, to assist businesses and organizations in such areas as leadership, team building, selling and effective communication.
Ada holds an undergraduate degree in education and a masters degree in educational psychology.
Amy Warren is an associate professor of human resource management and labour relations at Memorial University. She holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree and Master of Employment Relations degree from Memorial University. She completed her Ph.D. in Management at Saint Marys University. Amy conducts research in the areas of retirement, goal setting, and health and safety.
In addition to more than a decade of teaching in the classroom, Amy has provided training on the topic of teams and electronic monitoring in the workplace to both private and public sector employers. She also has been invited to speak on numerous occasions on the implications of abolishing mandatory retirement.
Corina Walsh is the President of her own coaching and consulting business, Shift People Development. She works with professionals, entrepreneurs, and teams to improve performance, engagement, and leadership. Corina is known as creative innovator who is driven by her passion for helping others succeed. As an expert in emotional intelligence, Corina coaches and trains leaders on how to have more meaningful communication within their teams.
Prior to starting her own business Corina worked in both the private and public sector for 12 years. During that time she developed training and professional development programs for businesses, governments, the skilled trades, and various health authorities. Corina holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Memorial University and a Master of Education in Lifelong Learning from Mount Saint Vincent University. She received the Senate Award of Distinction upon graduation from Mount Saint Vincent University.
Corina is a member of the St. Johns Board of Trade, NLOWE, and is the Newfoundland Chair of GroYourBiz, a business mastermind for women entrepreneurs. Corina is also a featured blogger for the Huffington Post and was named as one of the Top 50 Leaders Under 40 in Atlantic Canada by 21 Inc. and a facilitator with Memorial Universitys Gardiner Centre.
For over 20 years, Darren has advised employers on their rights and obligations pertaining to union-management relations, employee discharge and discipline, human rights and employment standards. He has represented these clients in collective bargaining, grievance arbitration, labour relations board and human rights proceedings, wrongful dismissal actions and injunction applications. Darren has been recognized by Best Lawyers in Canada for Labour and Employment since 2010. He is also listed as Provincial Litigation Star under Employment Law in Benchmark Canada 2015
Darren has taught labour relations at the undergraduate and graduate levels as a Per Course Instructor with Memorial Universitys Faculty of Business Administration. He continues to provide specialized training and seminars on employment law and labour relations topics for clients, other lawyers, and through Memorial Universitys Gardiner Centre and the Newfoundland and Labrador Employers Council.
Darren is a member of the Law Society of Newfoundland & Labrador, the Canadian Bar Association, the Canadian Association of Counsel to Employers, and the Human Resources Professionals of Newfoundland and Labrador. He is a member of the Law Society of Newfoundland and Labradors Disciplinary Panel.
Darren has contributed to his community as Vice-Chair of the Newfoundland and Labrador Employers Council, director of the Conception Bay South Lions Housing Initiative, director of the Janeway Childrens Hospital Foundation, and as President of the Better Business Bureau of Newfoundland & Labrador. He is a former Commissioner of the Newfoundland and Labrador Council of Scouts Canada and continues to be a dedicated Scouter helping to organize and volunteer at provincial, national and international jamborees.
Dr. Dianne Ford holds a bachelorof arts (BA) honours degree in psychology and a master of business administration (MBA) degree from Universityof Saskatchewan. She also holds a doctorof philosophy (PhD) degree in management (organizational behaviour and management information systems) from Queens School ofBusiness, Queens University.
Dianne taught a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses in organizational behavior (OB), human resource management(HRM), statistical, international business (focused on Japan),and management information systems (MIS) at the University of Saskatchewan, Queen's University and Nipissing Universitybefore MemorialUniversityof Newfoundland, where she now teaches OB and HRM classes at both the undergraduate and graduate level as a tenured Associate Professor.
Dianne has experience as a private consultant in healthcare and education services in Saskatchewan and Ontario,various non-profit organizations in Ontario, and has served as president and vice-president (finance) for not-for-profit volunteer organizations in Saskatchewan and Newfoundland andLabrador. She has also spent sometime studying, consulting and researching in the manufacturing industry(e.g., from power industry to consumer products) and provided guidance to start-up businesses in business planning. She coaches individuals nationally and internationally on personal and dog-sports-related skills.
Heidi Janes is the faculty member responsible for curriculum development at the Marine Institute's School of Maritime Studies. She is also a part-time lecturer at Memorial University's Faculty of Business Administration in the area of communications.
Heidi has led numerous communication skills seminars, and she enjoys getting participants involved in workshop activities. Her experience as a communicator has involved the writing and editing of many documents. Heidi holds undergraduate and graduate degrees from Memorial University of Newfoundland.
Jennifer is a professional development trainer and educator with over seven years experience developing and delivering training workshops to small and medium sized local businesses and academic institutions. She has a Master of Arts in Applied Communication, a Bachelor of Education in Post-Secondary studies and is a certified Positive Psychology Coach. Jennifer is the owner of INFocus Training, a business offering professional development training in communication and leadership skills, and a partner in Coast2Coast Training, a business offering coaching and online learning workshops in Positive Psychology.
Other training Jennifer has completed includes courses in Assertive Communication, Coaching Fundamentals, and Coaching Methods: Powerful Practice. Jennifer is also a published freelance writer. A former instructor for the Division of Lifelong Learning, Jennifers facilitation clients have included Memorial Universitys Department of Human Resources, Department of Career Development and Experiential Learning, Faculty of Medicine and the School of Graduate Studies, Stratos Global (Inmersat), College of the North Atlantic, Keyin College, Academy Canada and the Murphy Centre.
Kara Arnold is an Associate Professor of Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management, the Associate Dean, Research and the Director of the PhD Program at the Faculty of Business Administration. She teaches in the areas of organizational behaviour and human resource management at the undergraduate and graduate levels (MBA & PhD). She has published research on the characteristics of effective teams, leadership styles that promote employee health and performance, and gender issues in management. Kara has been involved in training and development in the areas of leadership, interpersonal skills and team building with various organizations for over 10 years. As an instructor with the Gardiner Centre, Kara has delivered training on developing leadership potential, team-building, and healthy work, in both the Professional Development seminars and as customized training for client organizations. As a skilled facilitator, she has worked with client groups to assist them in working through organizational issues and challenges.
Lynn Morrissey has over 25 years' experience as a facilitator, consultant, and educator. She has taught academic courses in communications, organizational behaviour, and human resources, at the Faculty of Business Administration, Memorial University. She has received many awards for her contributions including the Deans Teaching Award, the Deans Service Award, the Deans Citizenship Award, the Presidents Award for Distinguished Teaching and most recently the Queen`s Diamond Jubilee Medal (2012).
Lynn has a long-standing relationship with the Gardiner Centre, instructing professional development seminars that focus on various fields of workplace communications and facilitation skills. Lynn's industry experience includes writing training and development strategies, developing training plans, leading performance development processes, conducting communications reviews, facilitating strategy sessions, and executive coaching.
In her 'spare time' Lynn is also Faculty Advisor for Enactus (formerly SIFE) Memorial, an international student organization focusing on enhancing entrepreneurial skills and community development. Under Lynn's mentorship, the Enactus Memorial team has consistently achieved top awards and accolades at both the national and international levels. In 2007 Lynn was awarded the John Dobson Faculty Advisor of the Year in Canada for her work with her Enactus team.
Sudhir Saha is a professor of Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management at the Faculty of Business Administration at Memorial University. In addition to teaching in both the undergraduate and graduate programs, he is also actively involved in researching organizational behavior topics such as leadership, motivation, job satisfaction, managerial attitude and managerial stress.
Sudhir has conducted workshops and seminars for managers of many organizations, both public and private. He has worked with the Gardiner Centre to facilitate seminars on such topics as leadership and motivation, problem solving and decision making, and change management. He is a facilitator in the Supervisory Management Skills Program and the Public Sector Leadership and Management Development Program, as well as other customized leadership development programs.
Sudhir regularly participates in conferences and speaking engagements for the promotion of effectiveness of organizational behaviour and human resource management, and he often presents his research findings at events around the world.
Tom Cooper is an associate professor in the Faculty of Business Administration, Memorial University. Prior to taking his position at Memorial University, Tom was a Senior Manager in PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting practice in London, United Kingdom for 7 years.
As a consultant, Tom works primarily with boards and senior management in the area of strategy, performance improvement and risk management. He is a Certified Management Consultant (CMC) and has worked with clients in the private, public and not-for-profit sectors in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada and throughout the world. As a researcher and lecturer, he studies and writes on strategic issues, risk management, and conducting business in remote areas. As a lecturer, he has won many awards for his teaching. As a researcher, he has published over 30 academic papers on management issues; presenting at local, national and international conferences on his research.
Tom graduated from Memorial University in 1993 with a Bachelor of Commerce (Co-Op) and a Bachelor of Arts (Philosophy). He holds a Ph.D. in Business from the Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
Travor Brown is a Professor at the Faculty of Business, Memorial University and Director of the Masters in Employment Relations (MER) Program. Travor has taught at the University of Toronto (where he received his PhD in Industrial Relations), University of Ulster, and Memorial University. He has won several teaching and research awards. In addition, his industry experience with Nortel Networks and Abitibi-Price includes a variety of Human Resource Management and Labour Relations roles throughout Canada and the United States. Today he continues to have links with industry through practice, research and consulting. Travor has published and presented research papers extensively in areas concerning employee and managerial development. He currently holds a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) grant concerning training effectiveness.
Inquire about future dates or request a specific delivery of this offering for a group. | <urn:uuid:c8e921a0-8da1-4d77-9650-5b15a4e44f05> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mun.ca/gardinercentre/certificate-programs/Supervisory-Management-Skills-Program%20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00573-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956584 | 3,236 | 1.914063 | 2 |
If ALEC gets their way, laws like the one passed in Oklahoma that penalizes those who install their own solar panels will become common place
Last week when I wrote about the American Legislative Exchange Council, I mentioned how ALEC seeks to weaken state clean energy regulations and penalize energy independent homeowners who install their own solar panels.
According to ALEC, people who decide to install solar panels or small wind turbines on their home are free-riders. A term used often by conservatives to describe someone on welfare or some kind of social assistance.
It didn’t take long for legislators to start bringing these “model bills” back to their state legislatures. In Oklahoma, a new bill passed the state legislature and is expected to be signed into law by Republican Gov. Mary Fallin. The law requires residents who harvest their own energy through solar panels or small wind turbines on their property to be charged an additional fee.
It appears once again that the Republican love affair with the free market is highly dependent on the market in question. Not a surprise given that both the Republican Party and the American Legislative Exchange Council is heavily funded by the Koch Brothers and the fossil fuel industry.
The soon to be Oklahoma law passed the state House 83-5 without a debate and took everyone by surprise. No one knew anything about it as it was attached to another bill. When it’s signed into law, people who install their own panels or turbines will have to pay a monthly fee, not unlike paying the electric bill. The surcharge amount has not yet been determined.
In the age of climate change, clean energy and energy independence are clearly being frowned upon. I can only equate a bill like this to charging someone who decides to grow their own food in a garden.
Naturally, green energy companies in Oklahoma, renewable energy advocates and environmental groups are furious. Oklahoma’s major utilities meanwhile couldn’t be happier.
“We’re not anti-solar or anti-wind or trying to slow this down, we’re just trying to keep it fair. We’ve been studying this trend. We know it’s coming, and we want to get ahead of it.” – Oklahoma Gas and Electric Co. spokeswoman Kathleen O’Shea
What Kathleen isn’t telling us is that these distributed energy sources provide value to utility companies. Energy independent homeowners generate solar energy during peak hours. A time when the utility companies need to provide electricity to more people at a higher cost to the company. Solar panels feed excess energy back to the grid, helping to alleviate the pressure during peak demand.
Mike Bergey, president & CEO of Bergey Windpower in Norman Oklahoma summed up the wind aspect best: “It is unfortunate that some utilities that enthusiastically support wind power for their own use are promoting a regressive policy that will make it harder for their customers to use wind power on their own. Oklahoma offers tax credits for large wind turbines which are built elsewhere, but wants to penalize small wind which we manufacture here in the state? That makes no sense to me.”
Along with trying to levy fees on those who try and provide their own energy, ALEC is attacking a policy known as net metering. Net metering is the amount customers should be compensated for the excess power they produce by their solar panels that gets sold back to the grid.
Net metering policies have been implemented in countries throughout the developed world including 43 US states (and D.C.). The compensation varies by country and state. Some actually pay energy independent homeowners for the excess energy they sell back, others prefer to offer them credit for the days when they need more energy than they produce.
Either way, the consumer wins and ALEC won’t stand for it. The fighting has begun in several states to repeal net metering policies, but the regressive policy has so far failed in Colorado, Kansas and Vermont.
The bill that passed in Oklahoma is just the beginning. You can expect it to spring up in Republican controlled states across the country. This type of legislation is a slap in the face to green energy, climate change and even those free-market principals Republicans hold so dear.
Free-market principles that earned Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin the Thomas Jefferson Freedom Award from none other than American Legislative Exchange Council. ALEC’s highest honor, “given annually to a current or former public official who has established an exemplary record of advancing the fundamental Jeffersonian principles of free markets, limited government, federalism and individual liberty as a nationally recognized leader”
During her acceptance speech she remarked: “unfortunately, leaders in Washington have strayed from Jefferson’s vision. Today, we have too much government. We have too much regulation. We have too many taxes. We are not frugal.”
After Mary Fallin signs this bill that penalizes energy independent homeowners for pursuing energy independence, the only word applicable to her award and speech will be “bullshit.” | <urn:uuid:730525e5-3a7c-4826-a80e-5252ee87c1a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://partylesspolitics.com/2014/04/21/free-ride-energy-independent-homeowners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.959931 | 1,024 | 2.1875 | 2 |
WASHINGTON — U.S. retail sales bounced back in February after suffering a steep decline during a bitterly cold January. Shoppers spent more on autos, clothing and furniture.
The Commerce Department said Thursday that seasonally adjusted retail sales rose 0.3 percent in February. Spending had fallen 0.6 percent in January, revised down from the 0.4 percent decline initially reported. Retail spending also fell 0.3 percent in December.
The increase suggests that consumer spending has started to recover after being tempered by snowstorms and freezing temperatures that blanketed much of the country.
Auto sales rose 0.3 percent. Excluding volatile spending on autos, gas and building supplies, retail sales increased 0.3 percent from December.
Last month’s rebound almost brought retail spending back to its December levels. Purchases at restaurants, online retailers and department stores also improved, although the economy has yet to fully shake off winter’s impact.
Over the past 12 months, retail sales have risen a modest 1.5 percent.
Many economists came into 2014 projecting that stronger consumer spending would cause growth to accelerate, only to find those estimates frustrated by the freezing weather across much of the country. | <urn:uuid:b9f153d6-ad4f-4c4c-9c4b-bf9eaceddc17> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.denverpost.com/2014/03/13/u-s-retail-sales-rebound-0-3-percent-in-february/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00200-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96488 | 242 | 1.648438 | 2 |
ESA Policy News: June 4
Here are some highlights from the latest ESA Policy News by ESA’s Science Policy Analyst, Piper Corp. Read the full Policy News here.
Once Congress returns from Memorial Day recess next week, the Senate will tackle a number of climate-related issues, making clearer the prospects of a climate and energy bill this session. Several key events are on the calendar:
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) plans to discuss climate legislation with contributing committee leaders next week and with all 59 Senate Democrats the following week.
On June 9, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will deliver the results from its economic analysis of the Kerry-Lieberman climate proposal, the American Power Act.
On June 10, the Senate will vote on a resolution from Senator Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) to strip EPA of its authority to regulate greenhouse gasses under the Clean Air Act. The resolution would need 51 votes to pass—currently, it has 41 cosponsors, including three Democrats. For more information, see the January 22 edition of the ESA Policy News at: http://www.esa.org/pao/policyNews/pn2010/01222010.php
GULF OIL DISASTER UPDATE
In an effort to retake ownership for the ongoing oil leak in the Gulf of Mexico, the Obama Administration has halted new offshore drilling, cancelling a proposed lease sale off the coast of Virginia and suspending two upcoming exploration projects off the coast of Alaska, as well as 33 deepwater drilling operations in the Gulf. The administration had just announced the Virginia and Alaska expansions in March.
After the Gulf leak began, Obama placed a moratorium on deepwater drilling until 2011—he now plans to extend the moratorium until the independent commission created to investigate the disaster and recommend improvements can complete its work.
Previously, administration officials had stood by BP estimates, saying it was more important to stop the leak than to measure it. But US Geological Survey Director Marcia McNutt recently discredited BP’s assertion that the equivalent of 5,000 barrels (roughly 210,000 gallons of oil) were leaking into the Gulf each day. McNutt said recent studies put the figure somewhere between 12,000 and 19,000 barrels per day (one USGS measurement method returned an estimate of 25,000 barrels per day), making the Deepwater Horizon disaster the worst of its kind in US history.
The hurricane factor: The full impact of the leak will remain unknown for some time and could be complicated further by what the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) predicts will be an “active to extremely active” hurricane season, which is expected to include between three and seven major hurricanes—those with winds above 110 mph. An average hurricane season includes two such storms. This year’s record warm sea surface temperatures and a weakening El Niño (stronger wind shear can break up storms) give scientists reason to believe that the trend of high storm activity will continue to worsen.
For previous information on the Gulf disaster, see the May 21 edition of the ESA Policy News at http://www.esa.org/pao/policyNews/pn2010/05212010.php
OIL DISPERSANTS: SCIENTISTS QUESTION WHETHER DISPERSANTS DO MORE HARM THAN GOOD; EPA RESTRICTS APPLICATION, BOOSTS TESTING
In an effort to mitigate environmental damages from the ongoing oil leak, BP has applied close to a million gallons of dispersants—chemicals that break up large masses of oil before they reach coastal areas and wetlands—both via deep-sea injection and surface spraying.
But the long-term impact of the chemicals, particularly when applied at what could be a world-record scale, has resulted in opposition from many scientists and environmentalists. Of particular concern are the oil’s aromatic hydrocarbons, which can be consumed by fish once they are broken up by dispersants. Studies indicate that these hydrocarbons harm marine organism reproductive systems and disrupt larvae development, leading to worries that dispersants could be exacerbating rather than ameliorating negative impacts on marine food webs and ecosystems.
OCEAN ACIDIFICATION: HOUSE DEMS CALL ON EPA TO COORDINATE NATIONAL EFFORTS TO ADDRESS ACIDIFICATION UNDER CLEAN WATER ACT
Representatives Lois Capps (D-CA), Sam Farr (D-CA), and Jay Inslee (D-WA) are leading a 44-member group of House Democrats in urging the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to take a leadership role in addressing ocean acidification under the Clean Water Act (CWA). .
Scientists estimate that the acidity of ocean water has increased by 30 percent since widespread fossil fuel use began. A number of studies have indicated that rising acidity is already having significant impacts on marine life, particularly on animals with calcium carbonate shells, like shellfish and coral.
Offshore fish farms: A recent bill from Senator David Vitter (R-LA) would place a 3.5-year federal moratorium on offshore aquaculture, calling on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to first research and report on the environmental and economic impacts of offshore fish farms. Currently, US aquaculture takes place primarily in freshwater and near-shore facilities—open-ocean aquaculture is a relatively new approach in which massive cages are used to farm saltwater species. Some of these facilities are being commercially operated off the coasts of Hawaii and Puerto Rico, but a federal permitting system would be necessary for the industry to take off.
UNDER SUBCOMMITTEE REVIEW
DOD Natural Resources (HR 5284): Legislation from Del. Madeline Bordallo (D-Guam) would require National Guard installations to develop comprehensive plans for coordinating and carrying out wildlife and natural resources conservation efforts. The 1960 Sikes Act already requires such plans for lands controlled by the Department of Defense (DOD); National Guard facilities are typically on state-owned land. Like the Sikes Act, HR 5284 would make it possible for land management plans approved by federal biologists to stand in for critical habitat designations. | <urn:uuid:2632ce65-7e96-41b3-8992-49ae64d65ae1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.esa.org/esablog/ecology-in-policy/esa-policy-news-june-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00523-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931989 | 1,273 | 2.046875 | 2 |
16 Aug Ambassadors for Peace Walk
“The Ambassadors for Peace Walk” is an initiative of the Awareness Foundation to support young people who lives in war zones especially in Syria, Lebanon and Iraq. The programme has been supported strongly by our Royal Patron HRH The Countess of Wessex. She is met some of our Ambassadors for Peace in Beirut during her first visit to Lebanon. HRH continues support this programme through welcoming us at her residence at the end of the walk. We are extremely grateful to her for her continuous support and care for this programme.
Please sponsor us generously and every pound will be used to help transforming young lives and help them to get over the consequences of war and violence.
To know more about the Ambassadors for Peace programme please click here | <urn:uuid:3c415bc8-c667-4da5-b8ee-cb9c26254cce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.awareness-foundation.com/2021/08/16/ambassadors-for-peace-walk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.937491 | 166 | 1.625 | 2 |
My wallet got lighter, my belly got bigger and my head hurts...
We are all way to familiar with those feelings. Health, wealth, and wisdom are important all year around. But it is good to have a special reminder during the holidays, with so many temptations to under exercise, over spend, over-eat, drink too much, sleep to little, and so on. Good habits take twenty-nine continuous days to make on average, but can be broken in moments, hours, or days.
It is OK to indulge a little during the holidays...
There is no expectation that you are going to lock your self away to a solidary life of television, naps, and bran muffins throughout the holidays, but try to keep a sense of balance. Here are 15 tips that will help you stay healthy, wealthy, and wise.
1. Avoid the growing holiday waistline. Watch the amount of sweets, don't overeat in one session, reduce the white poisons (salt, sugar, and flour), and load up on the veggies.
2. Moderate your alcohol consumption. For optimal health limit your self to two drinks or less per day most. Preferably red wine to get the greatest benefit.
3. Do not drop your exercise routine. This is the biggest mistake during the holidays, because of the extra food and drinking. If you can not go to the gym, substitute walking and other activities.
4. Be careful about over-exertion, especially with outdoor sports, and if applicable, snow shovelling.
5. Sleep at least seven hours per night. Try to keep your regular routing, even on holidays.
6. Set a budget for gifts. Can you make a gift instead? Play games together instead of giving gifts? Focus on quality time together? Isn't this the point of it all?
7. Make sure you incorporate charity and volunteer work and share your many blessings.
8. Decorations can be purchased cheaply at dollar stores, and unless inspected closely, look the same as those costing several times more.
9. With the end of year coming up, spend some time tax planning to decrease liabilities and maximize gains for the current year.
10. Began planning your budget and financial goals and resolutions for the upcoming year.
11. Do not drive when intoxicated or overtired, ever. Get a designated driver.
12. Learn something new. Expand your horizons, take a class, read up on a new topic.
13. Keep an attitude of gratitude.
14. Re-evaluate habits, scrutinize how you spend your time and create new healthier habits.
15. Focus on building and improving relationships, when it is all over, this is what counts the most.
Have fun over the holidays and be healthy, wealthy, and wise. | <urn:uuid:60148a01-b3e7-493d-8bc7-514e17629daf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.infobarrel.com/15_Tips_to_Stay_Healthy_Wealthy_and_Wise_ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00030-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930247 | 581 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Remember all of those wonderful broccoli, cauliflower & cabbage plants that we planted just a little over a week ago?
GONE! Decimated, destroyed, wiped out, eradicated, annihilated, ravaged, eaten and in the end vanished. I've run out of words to describe what happened to our little vegetable babies *grin*. One day we were watering them and the next day there wasn't anything but the leafless stalks in the photo above. An entire patch gone.
Apparently this isn't the first time that the Golden Crowned Sparrow has struck so I've been told and they like to munch on fresh greens as they migrate to their breeding grounds. We have never had trouble with them before and maybe it's because of the mild winter and we planted just a little to early this spring before these little plant eaters had passed through but whatever the case may be we were hit.
From now on I will be very wary of the yellow stripe!!! LOL
Do you have photos of your children enjoying the outdoors? Visit The Great Outdoors Challenge to join in the fun and you can also visit other participants and see what sort of nature fun they have been having by clicking on the names below :) | <urn:uuid:55d969c1-92a1-4329-9bb9-9452d153853a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://rosinahuber.blogspot.com/2010/04/bird-attack-outdoor-challenge-day-22.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00536-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979487 | 246 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Weight: 420 g
If our technological society collapsed tomorrow, perhaps from a viral pandemic or catastrophic asteroid impact, what would be the one book you would want to press into the hands of the postapocalyptic survivors? What crucial knowledge would they need to survive in the immediate aftermath and to rebuild civilization as quickly as possible—a guide for rebooting the world?
Human knowledge is collective, distributed across the population. It has built on itself for centuries, becoming vast and increasingly specialized. Most of us are ignorant about the fundamental principles of the civilization that supports us, happily utilizing the latest—or even the most basic—technology without having the slightest idea of why it works or how it came to be. If you had to go back to absolute basics, like some sort of postcataclysmic Robinson Crusoe, would you know how to re-create an internal combustion engine, put together a microscope, get metals out of rock, accurately tell time, weave fibers into clothing, or even how to produce food for yourself?
Regarded as one of the brightest young scientists of his generation, Lewis Dartnell proposes that the key to preserving civilization in an apocalyptic scenario is to provide a quickstart guide, adapted to cataclysmic circumstances. The Knowledge describes many of the modern technologies we employ, but first it explains the fundamentals upon which they are built. Every piece of technology rests on an enormous support network of other technologies, all interlinked and mutually dependent. You can't hope to build a radio, for example, without understanding how to acquire the raw materials it requires, as well as generate the electricity needed to run it. But Dartnell doesn't just provide specific information for starting over; he also reveals the greatest invention of them all—the phenomenal knowledge-generating machine that is the scientific method itself. This would allow survivors to learn technological advances not explicitly explored in The Knowledge as well as things we have yet to discover.
The Knowledge is a brilliantly original guide to the fundamentals of science and how it built our modern world as well as a thought experiment about the very idea of scientific knowledge itself.
Payment & Security
Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information. | <urn:uuid:69271aa6-560e-48f3-9b78-850020cb69d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mphonline.com/products/the-knowledge-how-to-rebuild-civilization-in-the-aftermath-of-a-cataclysm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.947226 | 482 | 2.90625 | 3 |
More and more people are getting into impact investing. According to the GIIN (Global Impact Investing Network), there were $114 billion in assets under management in mid-2017. Today, the number reached $228 billion. People invest their money in providing both social and environmental and financial return, and the industry is booming. And with nonprofit organizations, such as GIIN, you don’t have to be a multi-millionaire to get your chance to make a positive impact.
To get into impact investing, you can choose between 195 open-end funds and ETFs in the U.S. only. All of these funds practice some kind of sustainable investing, and many of them (81) have launched within the last four years (which doesn’t leave them with a proven track record you can rely on.) One of the most reliable funds according to The Street is TIAA-CREF Social Choice Bond which celebrated its sixth birthday.
The fund aims to emphasize social impact and ESG while delivering credit and interest-rate exposure. About half of their portfolio consists of corporate and government bonds filtered using ESG criteria. The other half consists of proactive social investments used for financing projects with measurable environmental and social impact in the areas of natural resources, renewable energy, economic or community development, and affordable housing. Due to the fast growth of issuance of social-purpose bonds (such as green bonds) they can increase the capital for social investments to 45% of their assets and maintain a good overall risk profile at the same time.
How do we measure the impact of investments aimed at improving the lives of vulnerable people? It is quite complex and challenging because we don’t measure only financial returns (like with traditional investing,) but the social and environmental impact. It requires a long-term commitment. For example, an investment that results in improved enrolment of boys in schools in rural Uganda drives long-term benefits, such as healthier families, improved employment rates, and increased tax revenues.
GIIRS (Global Investing Rating System) is a system for assessing the social and environmental impact of funds and companies with analytics and ratings approach similar to Capital IQ financial analytics and Morningstar investment rankings. It provides a tool that, through comparable and verified performance data, is intended to change investor behavior. GIIRS allows fund managers, companies, and entrepreneurs to serve their customers, workers, and communities better by raising capital based on the social and environmental impact of investors’ companies and businesses. It is a nonprofit organization that advocates impact investing and publishes data for public use.
Impact investing is almost always centered around an environmental issue, such as clean water, and a social problem, such as education and poverty. These are some examples of impact funds.
A subsidiary of Triodos Bank (Netherlands), Triodos Investment Management has been engaged in impact investing for over 20 years and has about $335 million in assets. Their primary areas of concern are organic farming, health care, sustainable real estate projects, arts and culture, and renewable energy. Their investments are across Africa, Southeast Asia, India, Europe, and South America.
BlueOrchard Finance (Switzerland) operates in Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America in more than 50 frontier and emerging market areas. Since 2001, they have provided microfinancing for more than 20 million entrepreneurs across the globe. They finance institutions and businesses with an emphasis on establishing education programs and food production, alleviation of poverty and hunger problems, and working on the issues around climate change. They have about $280 million in assets.
With $350 million in assets, Vital Capital Fund is a private equity fund that invests in projects and businesses that aim to enhance the quality of life in developing areas (mainly sub-Saharan Africa.) Their investments focus on healthcare, education, renewable energy, agro-industrial projects, and housing projects.
Elaine King, CFP is an expert on family enterprise consulting, creating strategies for wealth planning, family governance, and financial education programs. | <urn:uuid:be4b9ad9-2660-4423-8f40-1622c39d0550> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.elaineking.com/blog/impact-investing-dont-need-100m-impact-planet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.951224 | 821 | 2.125 | 2 |
Rios Healthcare Associates is here for you if you need help managing your diabetes. Dr. Tomas Rios and Dr. Nicolin Neal provide comprehensive and compassionate care for patients with diabetes in Houston, TX.
Insulin is a hormone that delivers sugar to your body's cells. With type 1 diabetes your body stops making insulin, and with type 2 diabetes your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use the insulin it makes. In either case, it causes sugar to build up in the bloodstream. There is no cure for diabetes, but you can live a normal life when you keep your blood sugar under control.
A sensible diet and regular activity are always recommended to control your weight, but your diet is especially important when managing diabetes. The biggest risk factor for diabetes is being overweight or obese. You want to avoid sweets and simple carbohydrates that make your blood sugar spike and crash. Get your carbohydrates from whole grains and make sure you eat enough fruits and vegetables.
Regular activity helps lower your blood sugar, your blood pressure, your cholesterol, and even makes the insulin you have work better. Exercise can also help manage the stress that comes along with having a chronic condition. It's important to have some activity every day, and it's okay to start small if you need to work up to a regular exercise routine! Make sure you keep a snack handy when you are doing physical activity in case you exhibit signs of low blood sugar.
Monitor your blood sugar
Keeping your blood sugar under control helps to prevent complications when you have diabetes. Talk with your doctor about what a healthy range is, and test your blood sugar often. Checking your blood sugar often will help you learn how your body reacts to different foods and when you need insulin.
Even when you're feeling healthy and not showing symptoms, it's important to see your doctor at least once a year about your diabetes. Dr. Tomas Rios and Dr. Nicolin Neal are here for you at Rios Healthcare Associates. Contact us for help managing your diabetes in Houston, TX, at (832) 323-9230. | <urn:uuid:9156605b-654c-4bfd-b665-e93e2b3f7c4b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rioshealth.com/my-blog/607348-what-you-need-to-know-to-manage-your-diabetes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.929074 | 429 | 2.390625 | 2 |
- Autosomal dominantly inherited.
- Decreased vision
- Spontaneous corneal erosions usually present during early childhood
- Recurrent photophobia and irritation.
- Fine reticular superficial corneal opacities
- By the second and third decades, central corneal opacities develop in a honeycomb, fishnet, or ring-like pattern
- Mainly affect the central and mid peripheral cornea, sparing the peripheral cornea
- Diffuse superficial stromal haze evolves with increased central corneal thickness, irregular astigmatism, and decreased corneal sensation.
- Prominent corneal nerves are often present
- Superficial keratectomy to treat superficial corneal scarring.
- Lamellar or penetrating keratoplasty may be performed in more severe cases.
- Recurrence of the dystrophy in the graft is not uncommon.
- Excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy | <urn:uuid:419d2c4e-f99c-4395-8417-517cae65a34b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.columbiaeye.org/education/digital-reference-of-ophthalmology/cornea-external-diseases/dystrophies/reis-bucklers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.834359 | 222 | 2.8125 | 3 |
A series of smart energy projects in the town of Alice Springs in central Australia could be exemplary to the direction of travel for the energy transition across the country if successful.
Last week, financial support for the Alice Springs Future Grid project was confirmed by the central government, which, through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA), will provide AU$2.17 million (US$1.57 million) towards the expected total project cost of AU$9.3 million. The project is being led by the locally headquartered renewable energy centre for excellence, the Intyalheme Centre for Future Energy, part-funded by the government agency Desert Knowledge Australia (DKA) – which in turn received around AU$5 million towards the Centre’s creation via the local Northern Territories state government. The Australian government also put money into DKA through its AU$50 million Regional and Remote Communities Microgrid Fund
The overall aim of the project will be to ensure reliable electricity supplies for the 300,000 local residents and communities in the area up to 130km away. Significantly, the project also aims to support Alice Springs’ local electricity grid get to 50% renewable energy by 2030 by helping to create a planning roadmap.
The town has a place in Australian infrastructure history as the site of a telegraph station built in the 19th Century to relay messages across the country from Darwin in the far north towards Adelaide in the south.
“The Alice Springs Future Grid project (Future Grid) encompasses a series of interdependent sub-projects, each incorporating technical, regulatory, social and economic elements,” ARENA spokesman Tristan Simons told Energy-Storage.news.
Project will ‘holistically transform town into a robust, dynamic and renewable Future Grid’
The Future Grid will incorporate distributed battery energy storage at up to 50 residential households, as well as a commercial microgrid that could have a battery with a maximum size of 1MW / 1.3MWh, Simons said.
“It is designed to holistically transform Alice Springs into a robust, dynamic, and renewable Future Grid in to achieve the current RET of 50% by 2030. These sub-projects will look at various trials including: developing a multi-objective optimisation tool, in order to strategically target and plan future renewable energy investments, a new combined solar and load forecast tool to potentially reduce current spinning reserve requirements, and dynamic export of solar at a local school.”
The residential battery deployments will trial their aggregation while also being used to test out “new tariff options for the provision of energy and essential system services (ancillary services),” following the removal of a feed-in tariff (FiT) policy which previously incentivised household solar.
With the FiT expiring across Northern Territories regions such as the regulated electricity network in Alice Springs, spokesman Tristan Simons said that “there is now a push to start incentivising more behind-the-meter (BTM) batteries”.
Meanwhile, the community microgrid will be paired with existing solar and used not only as a technical trial, but more importantly to determine how users will tolerate being islanded from the grid, to identify what regulatory barriers exist to implementation of such solutions, to trial a management system with the local System Controller and finally to figure out who should carry liability for electricity supply when the microgrid is disconnected from the local grid.
However, according to ARENA’s Tristan Simons, while the optimum sizing of the microgrid battery is yet to be determined, and site to be selected from two possible options, it’s unlikely the project will later include a utility-scale battery to be connected at a substation or transformer on the grid, as the Future Grid project is already ambitious in scope as it is.
Optimal location, valuable lessons to be learned
The project could be exemplary for showing the way forward, according to Tristan Simons, with the electricity sector in Australia at a “critical inflection point as solar, battery and wind generation technologies become – or already are – the lowest-cost ways to generate electricity”.
“As investment costs of a wide range of low emission generation technologies are projected to continue to fall, the challenge is now one of system integration – not just of generation. The rise of the prosumer has seen both additional opportunities and challenges: residents and businesses are more engaged and willing participants in the energy transition, but managing this increasing engagement poses its own set of technical and social challenges.”
While a relatively small community, Alice Springs is at the “forefront of the energy transition”, with over 300 days of sunshine a year and a “strong history of supporting solar, community buy-in and engagement”.
It is, Tristan Simons said, “…the optimal location to test a series of interventions on a large scale with valuable lessons transferred to networks and markets across the NT and Australia. In order to make managing this transition a success we know that planning for a carbon constrained future must start today, in order to deliver a clean, secure and reliable power system tomorrow. | <urn:uuid:aec381d0-0412-4ce3-a535-f58d789364af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.energy-storage.news/future-grid-project-puts-historic-town-in-centre-of-australia-at-forefront-of-energy-transition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.932965 | 1,052 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Eating for two. What that means for expectant moms.
Today, eating for two means keeping in mind that everything a mother ingests will, good or bad, impact the health of the fetus. Fortunately, there are easy ways to ensure your baby gets just the right amount of vitamins and minerals says Dr. Alan Greene, author of From First Kicks to First Steps. “Thankfully today there are wonderful prenatal vitamins that we have learned babies need for developing and it’s best to start these prenatal vitamins before the baby is born. There are a few things that aren’t in prenatal vitamins that it’s important for parents to know about. Some of these are the omega three fatty acids like DHA that are very important for brain growth.” Dr. Greene recommends getting DHA from wild salmon rather than tuna.”I recommend that during the preconception, conception and pregnancy that women avoid canned white tuna, the albacore tuna, because the levels of mercury can be high enough to permanently harm the brain of a developing fetus.”
Adapted from The Parent Report Radio Show. Any advice or information contained herein should never be a substitute for professional and/or medical advice, diagnosis and treatment. For more information please review Terms of Service. | <urn:uuid:51d9ffea-f64a-4cda-88b0-cf69a848e41b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theparentreport.com/2013/08/prenatal-pregnancy-nutrition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00004-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929823 | 262 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Free Persuasive Essay: Brave New World
Brave New World is the roman-dystopia, which is written by the English famous writer Aldous Huxley, the grandson of the world famous biologist and anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley. The novel was published in 1932 and conquered the attention of the current readers very soon. Aldous Huxley decided to describe the possible future of the human civilization, because the fictional world is based on the American life of that period and the developing process of mass production and the birth of the culture of consumption. People did not strive to get educated and produce quality goods but lived only to consume goods and services of various kinds. The author named the new era of the fictional world Ford Era and counted years after the invention of conveyor, the appliance used for the mass and rapid production. Although, the fictional world is a fictional one, Aldous Huxley introduced here the real existing personalities of his time who change the process of production and influenced the development of the human civilization.
The world did not possess any spiritual or moral values, because everything was based on materialism. People did not reproduce in the natural way and were selected according to the qualities and skills required for the good of the society. Workers, farmers, managers and presidents were selected in the artificial way and possessed the very qualities required for their occupation. The family life disappeared, because everything was artificial and people did not require being the members of such “unnecessary” social groups. The world, the system of value and happiness is artificial and people were happy but not free. The novel has its 23rd place of the 100 best books ever and is spiritually connected with such outstanding books as 1984 (George Orwell) and Fahrenheit 451 (Ray Bradbury).
Brave New world is an interesting and thought-provoking novel which is surely worth student’s attention. One should read the book attentively and then present his personal opinion about it. The student is supposed to dwell on the background of the book, illustrate the current condition of the human society, compare the fictional world with the real one and think about the similarities. One should focus on the most important and reasonable points and issues of the book and prepare a critical subjective opinion about it.
A persuasive essay is not an objective piece of writing, so the student is not asked to conduct serious scientific research on the issue but he can use the strong side of the Internet and read a free example persuasive essay on Brave New World written online. the student is able to see the ideal image of a successful paper reading a free sample persuasive essay on Brave New World.
EffectivePapers.com is professional writing service which is committed to write great-quality custom essays, term papers, research papers, speeches and dissertations on any persuasive topics. All custom essays are written by qualified Master’s and PhD writers. Just order a customized persuasive essay on Brave New World at our website and we will write your essay at affordable prices. We are available 24/7 to help students with writing essays for high school, college and university. | <urn:uuid:9d5b6aa2-260e-49ad-8537-d3651880ea6c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://anyfreepapers.com/free-essays/persuasive-essay-on-brave-new-world.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00521-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964832 | 628 | 2.625 | 3 |
Fujiwara Family, dynastic family that, by shrewd intermarriage and diplomacy, dominated the Japanese imperial government from the 9th to the 12th century.
Basis of power.
The power and authority of the Fujiwara family rested not on military prowess but on political strategy and on the family’s special relationship to the imperial family, which it carefully cultivated and exploited. This relationship stemmed from the Fujiwara policy of maintaining attachment to the imperial family through the marriage of Fujiwara daughters to emperors. It meant that the Fujiwara daughters were empresses, that their grandsons and nephews were emperors, and that members of their family, including its lesser branches, received all the patronage. Thus, the Fujiwara clan chieftain, whether he held office or not, could manipulate the reins of government.
The Fujiwara also took care to combine with the Buddhist hierarchy in order to increase its influence. A precedent set by pious emperors, who shaved their heads and retired to monasteries, was employed by the Fujiwara to persuade independent-minded emperors to retire from worldly affairs. Nor did the family neglect laying a firm economic foundation for its political power. It encouraged the landed gentry in the provinces to commend land to the Fujiwara, which resulted in greatly reduced taxes for the landowners—sometimes eliminating their tax obligations altogether—and permitted the Fujiwara to divert public revenues to the family coffers.
Although the Fujiwara rise to power was gradual, its founding in the 7th century foretold its future role and importance. Its founder, Nakatomi Kamatari (see Fujiwara Kamatari), was already in his day the de facto ruler of the country, for it was he, together with the heir apparent, who had earlier plotted and successfully carried out the overthrow of a powerful rival of the imperial house. It was to Kamatari, therefore, that a grateful prince, who consequently was able to ascend the throne as the emperor Tenji, entrusted the affairs of government. In the year of Kamatari’s death, the emperor conferred on him the new family name of Fujiwara (“Wisteria Arbour”), in commemoration of the place where the two had conspired to oust their common rival.
Fuhito (see Fujiwara Fuhito), Kamatari’s son, was the first to use the new name. And it was he who, by arranging the marriage of a daughter to Emperor Shōmu, began the policy of attaching his own family to the imperial family. Fuhito’s four sons each established a branch of the family, of which the Hokke, or Northern Branch, was to become the most influential.
But it was not until the latter half of the 9th century that Fujiwara power began to be felt. Yoshifusa (see Fujiwara Yoshifusa), who was father-in-law to the reigning monarch and grandfather of the heir apparent, at the Emperor’s death succeeded in having the heir elevated to the throne as the emperor Seiwa at the age of nine. Yoshifusa, thereupon, had himself appointed regent—the first instance in Japanese history of a person not of royal blood being named to this position. This led to the practice of the Fujiwara persuading emperors to retire at a comparatively early age and of placing on the throne child emperors, for whom the Fujiwara acted as regents. During the next two centuries there were eight such abdications and seven child emperors.
Control of the regency.
With a firm grip on the regency, the Fujiwara had seemingly gone as far as they could to become the de facto rulers without actually destroying or displacing the Imperial family. The only drawback to the regency was that it ended when the emperor reached his majority. This was remedied when Yoshifusa’s nephew Mototsune (see Fujiwara Mototsune) established a new position more prestigious and powerful than that of regent or prime minister—the office of kampaku (chancellor), whose function was to serve as the emperor’s spokesman and intermediary between the throne and the officialdom. In practice it was a chancellorship and the highest office in the land, second only to the emperor and sought by all subsequent leaders.
The Fujiwara monopoly of government in the 9th century was interrupted only briefly when the emperor Uda, who did not have a Fujiwara mother, ascended the throne in 887. Uda, moreover, managed to reign without a Fujiwara regent and, in the last six years of his reign, without a Fujiwara kampaku, because of the death of Mototsune.
Test Your Knowledge
Structures of Government: Fact or Fiction?
Mototsune’s son, Tokihira (see Fujiwara Tokihira), only 21 years old at his father’s death, quickly re-established Fujiwara domination. Tokihira never advanced to the office of kampaku, yet he effectively removed or neutralized opposition to the family. Among his rivals was a celebrated and beloved scholar-statesman, Sugawara Michizane, who was falsely accused of conspiring to place his own grandson on the throne and was banished to distant Kyushu. Other rivals were given sinecures to monasteries and lectureships in Chinese history by the resourceful Tokihira and were thus effectively removed from politics. That he was able to accomplish these moves from a relatively low position demonstrated that the Fujiwara, whether in high office or not, were the real rulers of the country.
Peak of Fujiwara power and glory.
It was Michinaga (see Fujiwara Michinaga), however, who epitomized Fujiwara power and glory. He gave three daughters to emperors and a fourth to an heir apparent who later became emperor. Four grandsons were emperors, and a son was a regent. For 30 years he basked in the splendour and sophistication of court life. His mansions, more magnificent than the palaces of the emperors, were the scene of frequent banquets, concerts, poetry contests, and picnics. It is this brilliant if effete and frivolous court life that Murasaki Shikibu, a contemporary, described in her great novel Genji monogatari (The Tale of Genji, 1935). Michinaga also inspired still another contemporary romance, the Eiga monogatari (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes, 1980), by an unknown author.
But, in the midst of Michinaga’s glory at the capital, Fujiwara power was rapidly declining in the provinces. As early as the 940s there were two serious rebellions in the provinces, which were suppressed for the government by warrior families allied with the Fujiwara. But the victories served only to increase the power and popularity of the military families, to whom, rather than to the Fujiwara, the landed gentry tended to commend more and more of their lands. The failure of the Fujiwara to check this practice brought the rapid erosion of the economic basis of Fujiwara power and the strengthening of the military families of the outlying provinces.
The passing of Michinaga in 1027 hastened the decline of the family, which could neither prevent the emperor Go-Sanjo, who did not have a Fujiwara mother, from taking the throne in 1068 nor stop the establishment of a unique scheme of administration aimed at weakening Fujiwara control of the government. Known as insei, or “cloistered rule,” this scheme called for the emperor to abdicate, leaving an infant on the throne, and to establish a separate administration in a monastery, from where, as a lay priest and free of Fujiwara overlordship, he would attempt to rule.
The insei definitely weakened Fujiwara influence in the 11th century, and the Fujiwara family was eliminated as a power at the court in the 12th century. In the Hōgen Disturbance of 1156 the contender supported by the Minamoto, a warrior family allied with the Fujiwara, lost to the emperor Shirakawa, supported by the warrior family of the Taira. In the Heiji Disturbance of 1159, the Minamoto–Fujiwara forces, who attempted to wrest back control of the court from the Taira, were ignominiously defeated. And thus, ironically, the Fujiwara, who for three centuries had eschewed violence and who had looked down contemptuously on the crude, unlettered warrior, were vanquished by violence and replaced as rulers by the very objects of their contempt. If there was any consolation for the Fujiwara, it was the knowledge that the House of Taira promptly adopted and helped to perpetuate the life-style and the political and social institutions that the Fujiwara had established. | <urn:uuid:1c4606c8-d3c5-4671-a7dd-975e47cc846c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fujiwara-family | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00456-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977359 | 1,871 | 4.09375 | 4 |
- Features Japan Glances
- Japanese Amusement Parks
- [2016.09.10] Read in: 简体字 | 繁體字 | FRANÇAIS | ESPAÑOL | العربية | Русский |
A look at some of Japan’s most popular amusement parks, including retro charms and thrilling roller coasters.
Japan’s oldest amusement park, Asakusa Hanayashiki, was established more than a century and a half ago in 1853. It lies in the heart of old Tokyo, just a five-minute walk from Asakusa’s Sensōji temple, and is a popular stop for pilgrims and tourists to the area.
Hanayashiki is known for its retro attractions that foster the park’s historic atmosphere. The most popular of these is Japan’s oldest operating roller coaster, which was built in 1953. It is also one of the oldest working steel roller coasters in the world. Bee Tower, a symbol of the park, is an old-fashioned ride in which gondolas—designed to look like fairy-tale candy houses—spin sedately in a circle 45 meters above ground. Riders can enjoy the lingering atmosphere of former days in the streets of Asakusa below and the gleaming modernity of the nearby Tokyo Skytree. Other attractions for adults and children include a haunted house and a labyrinth, as well as a few unusual draws. Pro-wrestling matches are held at the park monthly, and visitors can enjoy geisha performances or reserve a place to train in the Ninja Dōjō.
Indoor Parks for a Rainy Day
Unpleasant weather should never stand in the way of having fun. Even on rainy days entertainment can be found at indoor amusement parks. Sanrio Puroland, run by the company behind Hello Kitty, offers shows and rides featuring its characters, and as it is entirely indoors it can be enjoyed even during typhoons or in the sweltering heat and humidity of midsummer.
There are also indoor parks in shopping malls and commercial facilities that can easily be combined with a meal, shopping, or a movie to make an all-day outing. Many are operated by major gaming companies, such as Sega’s Joypolis in Tokyo (Odaiba), Osaka (Umeda), and Okayama, or Namco’s Namja Town in Tokyo (Ikebukuro).
The main attractions in these venues include more interactive versions of popular 3D and other video-game titles. Visitors can grip the steering wheel as they speed their cars around a virtual course or battle zombies or monsters in first-person shooters.
J-World Tokyo in Ikebukuro is a park themed around characters from manga weekly Shōnen Jump. Inside there are attractions based on Naruto, Dragon Ball, and One Piece. Those who want more Luffy should head to Tokyo One Piece Tower, another indoor amusement park in the capital.
Record-Breaking Roller Coasters
Japan also has world-class thrills in larger venues. Fuji-Q Highland in Yamanashi Prefecture is one of the country’s best amusement parks, particularly for roller coaster fans. It has several well-known rides, including Eejanaika, a “fourth-dimension” roller coaster—seats rotate within the cars—that has been recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as having the world’s most spins for any roller coaster. Along its twisty length, riders’ heads are turned down below their feet on no less than 14 occasions. If they find the chance to enjoy the scenery along the way, a look in the right direction will reward them with a fine view of Mount Fuji.
As the world’s longest roller coaster, Steel Dragon 2000 is another Japanese record holder. One of the attractions at Nagashima Spa Land in Mie Prefecture, the ride stretches for around 2.5 kilometers across the amusement park. The thrills include a 68-degree drop from the roller coaster’s highest point, which at 97 meters is farther up than many Ferris wheels.
For a break from the stresses of everyday life, try one of Japan’s many amusement parks. | <urn:uuid:f0bc5e70-2055-4a4e-a3bf-73c90e8aeaed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nippon.com/en/features/jg00074/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00283-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945621 | 893 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Collects good data to estimate calorie burn: distance traveled, skin temperature, heat flux, galvanic skin response. Includes sleep data.
Access to data costs extra. Uncomfortable. Bulky. Must be worn on arm; can't wear in a more discreet place.
The BodyMedia Fit Core fitness band, when worn around the clock, collects good information about your exercise, calorie burn, and sleep. But the gadget itself is unsightly and uncomfortable, and you have to pay extra to access the data.
The BodyMedia Fit Core fitness armband ($179.99, retail, plus $6.95 per month for data access), used to calculate your exercise level and calorie burn, looks unlike other gadgets in its class. Two silver plates on the inside press against your skin to measure body temperature and galvanic skin response (perspiration, essentially). This, coupled with a three-axis accelerometer, helps BodyMedia calculate fairly accurate data. But there are drawbacks: You have to pay a monthly fee to see the data, and the armband itself is clunky, uncomfortable, and not particularly attractive.
BodyMedia Fit Core faces the world strapped to your upper arm, and, unfortunately, it looks like a nugget-sized gray and eggshell-colored chunk of plastic with a small indicator light in the center. The light tells you when the battery is full or low. A rubber button next to the light lets you check whether the device is charged.
The reverse side, the area that touches your skin, has two silver plates with 10 small raised bumps and one larger bump. (See the slideshow for images.) On one side of the unit, not visible when worn, is a micro-USB port for connecting the BodyMedia to a computer to charge the battery and upload data. You have to connect it to sync the data, as the BodyMedia Fit Core doesn't have any wireless capabilities. There's an iOS and Android app that syncs with the Web-based Activity Manager so that you can see your data and log foods you eat while on the go. You can't sync the device itself to your smartphone, so you can only see the most recently uploaded information.
Another version of the same device, BodyMedia Fit Link ($199.99 direct), is nearly identical in functionality to BodyMedia Fit Core, except that it does have Bluetooth syncing capabilities, as well as slightly more attractive design.
The included armband, also a tinted gray eggshell color, is just a Velcro strap with a plastic ring where the BodyMedia snaps securely into place.
I used the gadget and the online system, called Activity Manager, for about a week, but three days in, and I decided to wear it overnight it anymore. The first time I slept with the armband on, I awoke to two huge red marks on my arm, which took all day to dissipate. I must have been sleeping on my arm, or positioned in some way to cause excess pressure. However it happened, I was not happy about it.
While wearing it during the day, I constantly readjusted the band, shifting it one way or another so that the metal plates were not in contact with the same patch of skin for too long. It's not the most comfortable thing to wear, and after day four, I was surprised that it felt more noticeable, not less.
At a nice restaurant one evening, I slipped off my cardigan only to have my boyfriend lean over the table and ask, "You're not going to keep that thing on during dinner, are you?" The BodyMedia is hard to ignore. It's in plain sight whenever your arms are exposed and is quite ugly. A light sweater may hide it, but anyone will still easily notice a huge and irregular bulge on one of your biceps.
Set Up and Fitness Information
As with most fitness measuring products, BodyMedia collects more accurate information if you give it a few metrics about yourself to start, such as gender, age, weight, height, and typical activity level (e.g., sedentary, moderately active, very active, etc.).
Out of the box, BodyMedia doesn't know anything about you. Setup involves plugging it into a computer and setting up the Activity Manager where you can enter these metrics, as well as log your food and beverage intake, record your daily weight, and see the statistics that BodyMedia collects. The first three months are free, but paying extra for the Activity Manager seems like an undue charge. Most fitness gadgets include access to the data in the purchase price. And the gadget itself is worthless without the data.
The website structures information well, and I had no trouble finding metrics like the number of steps taken in a day, how silently I slept, and where and how to input foods Id' eaten. The food area could be better, but its problems are typical of those I've seen with other calories-counting apps. The main issue is that it's very easy to log commercially packaged (that is, processed) foods, but tougher to find entries for foods that are minimally processed. For example, in looking for dried peas, I found dozens of branded options for canned peas, but nothing for fresh or dried peas. You have the option to create an entry for a new food or recipe (I logged a homemade spiced tea cake, for example), but I wish there a way to make recipes and new foods logged publicly available for others to share and use. A calorie-counting and fitness-tracking app called MyFitnessPal (free, 4 stars) does just that, and for those of us who eat a diverse diet, the shared information makes the app much better than most others.
As with all fitness gadgets and apps, you have to track both exercise and calories consumed to get good information back. If you don't log one or the other, you might see some very offputting numbers regarding how many calories you should be consuming in order to lose, gain, or maintain weight, depending on your goal (which you can enter in BodyMedia's system). The mobile apps only provide a snapshot of your fitness activity (calories burned, calories consumed, total steps taken, and a few other metrics), but they do let you enter foods that you've eaten throughout the day fairly easily.
Good Data, But It'll Cost You
A much simpler alternative to the BodyMedia Fit Core is Editors' Choice Fitbit Ultra ($99, 4 stars), a tiny, unobtrusive black clip that captures data nearly as well by relying on an intelligent pedometer and altimeter. Perhaps my favorite aspect of the Fitbit is that it shows core figures, like steps taken or flights of stairs climbed, right on the device itself with no need for a computer or smartphone. You can always see the most important information in a second. Other devices, including the Jawbone UP , and Nike Fuel band, don't give you any data on the spot. A higher end fitness-MP3 player combo device called Motorola Moto Actv ($249, 3.5 stars) does make key information immediately visible on the device itself, too, but it's specifically suited to very athletic people and is meant to be worn during workouts and training only, not all day long or overnight.
Overall, the BodyMedia Fit Core collects good data, adding a few neat metrics skipped by other fitness devices, to report accurate estimates of calories input and expenditure. You have to pay an extra subscription to see that data, however, and with most other devices, free access to that information is included. BodyMedia is also unsightly and uncomfortable, whereas other modern fitness trackers, like the Fitbit Ultra, Nike Fuel Band, and Jawbone UP (the latter two have been sold out almost from the day they reached the market) are sleek and discreet. The Fitbit Ultra is surprisingly useful, and at just $99 should not be overlooked. It's also available widely, making it perhaps the only good option for most people. | <urn:uuid:0663c102-5eb3-41ba-a61a-406faa133d44> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2402086,00.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95266 | 1,641 | 1.53125 | 2 |
In a time when too many elected and appointed officials are seeking to enact legislation to suppress or restrict voter participation, it is heartening to read that a bill has been introduced that will allow 16 and 17 year olds to pre-register to vote when they get their first driver's license.
This is legislation that all of us who believe in a true participatory democracy should champion.
The 2008 presidential election showed that the youthful vote is not to be under-estimated. Still, by 2012, the number of young voters who had registered and voted had taken a noticeable fall though in the final analysis youthful voters still played a powerful role in the most recent election. But shouldn't youthful voters be more engaged despite who's running for president? Shouldn't we ensure that voters between ages 18 and 24 have their say in school board races, in city council contests and in all of the ballot box questions that affect their communities and their state? The answer is a resounding "yes."
Allowing young voters to take a step toward civic engagement at the same time that they are taking that other big step -- becoming licensed to operate a car -- sends a message that Democracy is at least as important as driving. Perhaps it is a message that will linger throughout their lives. Perhaps it is a message that, despite its seemingly modest cost -- will linger and affect our communities and our state for the better for years and years to come.
ROSEMARY HARRIS LYTLE
President of the NAACP Colorado Montana Wyoming State Area Conference, Colorado Springs | <urn:uuid:7ade4edc-34f8-4c3b-b563-901005b990ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dailycamera.com/letters/ci_22490126/rosemary-harris-lytle-youth-voting-pre-registration-is | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00454-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974669 | 312 | 2.65625 | 3 |
How to Deal With the Whiners On Your Team
Most creative teams are going to have at least one member who’s a whiner. Whiner’s focus on the negative, and thrive on complaining – often about the most insignificant things you can imagine. According to the Wall Street Journal, research indicates that productivity can be damaged by working alongside a chronic complainer. Exposure to non-stop negativity can disrupt learning, memory, attention, and judgement. The problem is more widespread than you think, because in many cases, it’s become so commonplace that we don’t even notice anymore.
If you’re a leader, you can confront them, but if you’re a co-worker, it’s much more difficult. So if you can’t walk away easily, here’s some key techniques for dealing with a whiner:
1) Get away from them. Move your desk and if possible, change your office. Just the geographic change can make a significant difference. Most of the time, whiners vent on who’s nearby, so don’t be an easy target.
2) Switch the conversation. Ask them opposite questions, like, What’s working? What’s going well? Turn the talk to good things about the company or project, and you can often derail the whiner.
3) Put them on the spot. Ask them what they intend to do about the problem. Don’t be a jerk, but be direct. Agree with them that what they’re whining about it a real problem, but something has to be done. What do they suggest? That’s usually enough to stop the whiner in his or her tracks.
4) Let them know you’re not interested. Once they hit a brick wall enough times, they’ll look for someone else. So if nothing else works, get in their face. Again, don’t be rude, but be honest. Tell them you don’t think being negative will solve the problem, and when they have another idea, then you’ll listen.
5) Leaders: Consider scheduling times to vent. If you can book the occasional meeting where employees have a designated time to complain (and be listened to), this will often get it out of their system. Employees do have challenges, and as leaders we too often don’t take it seriously. Just the act of listening can make a huge difference.
Enough positive employees can overwhelm the negative, so teach your team the power of engaging challenges with positive responses, and suddenly the futility of just complaining will become very clear.
Have you had any luck dealing with the whiner on your team? | <urn:uuid:c6f159e6-cffe-4392-ae28-ef7d21bde276> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://radiomegapower-nonstop.blogspot.com/2012/10/how-to-deal-with-whiners-on-your-team.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00239-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928935 | 569 | 1.757813 | 2 |
To deliver high-performance Windows applications, developers need an in-depth understanding of the Win32 GDI and DirectDraw -- but until now, it's been virtually impossible to discover what's going on "behind" Microsoft's API calls. This book rips away the veil, giving experienced Windows programmers the information and techniques they need to maximize performance, efficiency, and reliability -- and to make the best use of Windows graphics APIs and the important new graphics features provided in Windows 2000. Readers will gain a clear, concrete understanding of how GDI and DirectDraw are implemented internally; their limitations, resource requirements, and performance impact; and keys to implementing features and troubleshooting problems. This book is filled with high quality, original, system-level tools, kernal mode drivers, sample programs, and generic C++ classes for Windows programming without MFC. Readers can find out how to build API spys and hooks, detect GDI resource leaks, build image processing software, and more. Part 1 goes behind the scenes to uncover the Windows system architecture and graphics system internal data structure, and provides techniques for spying on the components of the graphics system. Part 2 provides detailed coverage of the Win32 GDI and Direct Draw API, based on the solid foundation built in Part 1. It covers device context, coordinate space and transformation, pixels, lines, and curves, area fills, various types of bitmaps, image processing, fonts, text, enhanced metafiles, and printing.
"synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title.
The world's most complete guide to Windows graphics programming!
Hewlett-Packard Professional Books
To deliver high-performance Windows applications, you need an in-depth understanding of the Win32 GDI and DirectDraw—but until now, it's been virtually impossible to discover what's going on "behind" Microsoft's API calls. This book rips away the veil, giving experienced Windows programmers all the information and techniques they need to maximize performance, efficiency, and reliability! You'll discover how to make the most of Microsoft's Windows graphics APIs—including the important new graphics capabilities built into Windows 2000. Coverage includes:
Windows Graphics Programming delivers extensive code, practical techniques, and unprecedented insight—plus an exclusive CD-ROM containing original system-level tools, kernel mode drivers, sample code, and generic C++ classes for Windows graphics programming without MFC. If you want to build Windows graphics applications that deliver breakthrough performance and reliability, you'll find this book indispensable.About the Author:
FENG YUAN is a Software Design Engineer for Hewlett Packard in Vancouver, WA. He holds a Ph.D. in Software Engineering from Nanjing University. For the past four years, he has specialized in creating drivers for HP DeskJet printers—giving him a burning motivation and a unique opportunity to understand Windows graphics programming inside and out.
"About this title" may belong to another edition of this title.
Book Description Prentice Hall PTR. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. 0130869856 New Condition. Bookseller Inventory # NEW4.0045141
Book Description Prentice Hall PTR, 2000. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. Bookseller Inventory # DADAX0130869856
Book Description Prentice Hall PTR, 2000. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. Bookseller Inventory # P110130869856 | <urn:uuid:7584195b-849b-4139-ad82-496c79457cab> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.abebooks.com/9780130869852/Windows-Graphics-Programming-Win32-GDI-0130869856/plp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00415-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.859683 | 691 | 1.90625 | 2 |
No doubt about it, I am still learning in my diving ventures, still exploring. A recent dive on Bird Rock, Catalina Island, drove that home once again. I must have dived this site a hundred times over the last three decades and thought I knew it inside and out, but I was in for a re-education.
The dive boat Aquatica anchored in a typical spot near the rocky hump and me and my buddy dressed in. When it was our turn to enter the water, the boat had swung out away from the main reef. No big deal, with divers lining up behind us, we jumped in anyway and were going to swim toward the Bird Rock Wall, our main goal. Once in the water, however, with exceptional visibility, I could see the tops of kelp under me indicating reef below. We decided to descend there and head for the wall underwater. It is difficult, after all, to miss a wall.
I always knew the broken rocky reef extended out from the wall for some distance but did not know it was quite this far—some 50 yards. What I found, and many other divers as well, was a collection of large boulders, some as big as pick-up trucks and a fun menagerie of abundant marine life.
Lobsters. They were everywhere back in the deep holes, mini-caves and crevices. While many were small, several were good sized. Considering this is such a popular and easy dive site, this was surprising.
Bring a light to explore the many holes. Back in one deep crevice we spotted a horn shark that must have been four feet long. Other large species back in the holes include rockfish, cabezon, scorpionfish, and even large kelp bass.
We moved toward the wall. The bottom around this broken reef away from the wall is highly varied but averages around 60 feet. Across the tops and sides of the rocks, you will find nudibranchs, rock scallops (most to small to bother with), and a variety of reef fish. Macro photographers will enjoy the antics of island kelpfish, Irish lords, and blue-banded gobies.
A thick kelp growth is attached to the tops of these huge boulders with accompanying schools of blacksmith and señoritas. Filling out the cache of kelp forest fish are garibaldi, opaleye, and rock wrasse.
It was about a third of the way through my dive moving toward the wall that the current came up. Ahh, now I remember why I have only ventured a short distance from the wall in exploring this region. The current can be a bear. The kelp started to lay down horizontal and so we headed for the wall, which is generally out of the way of the stronger effects of the rapidly moving water.
The Bird Rock Wall is a classic and a must do for any serious California divers. It is actually a fairly simple, easy dive. I generally like to approach the wall from the top at about 20 feet and then enjoy the exhilaration of dropping over the edge, “falling” some 40 feet down the vertical rock face that is dotted with colorful gorgonian sea fans and visited by colorful fish. At some points the wall is cut with large crevices. Other places, there is horizontal cracks. All make for great exploration.
Bird Rock once again has shown me why it is one of my favorite dives at Catalina. I now know another aspect of this terrific reef structure. I heard there is swim-through tunnel further out in the same region—time to start planning another dive!
Dive Spot At A Glance
Location: On the frontside of Catalina Island at the Isthmus.
Skill Level: All but beware of currents.
Depths: 20 to 70 feet.
Visibility: Very good, averaging 40 to 50 feet.
Snorkeling: Good near the rock, particularly on the south side.
Photography: Good for macro of small fish. Excellent wide angle with vertical rock faces, kelp forest, and cooperative fish.
Hunting: Good for lobster in season. Spearfishing poor to fair; most game fish small. | <urn:uuid:b77a45f5-eb44-4bb5-9dee-862b1c885f2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cadivingnews.com/dive-spots/bird-rock/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.964364 | 870 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Kangaroos walk on their tails
Kangaroo Walk Kangaroos use their tail as an extra leg when they walk, according to new research.
The study, reported in Royal Society Biology Letters, found that the animals use their tail more than their forelimbs when they walk.
The findings provide new insights into kangaroo locomotion, and could also have applications in advanced robotics.
Professor Terry Dawson of the University of New South Wales and colleagues have previously shown that during hopping, the kangaroo tail acts as a counterbalance, and as a spring to store up energy for the next bounce.
"Hopping is an exaggerated gallop, enabling the kangaroo to make longer steps," says Dawson.
In this study the researchers were interested in working out how kangaroos walk.
When kangaroos walk they had been observed to use what is known as a "pentapedal tail walk", says Dawson.
This unusual gait means the animal effectively always has three points on the ground, with one of them always being their tail, and the other two being either their two hind legs, or their two forelimbs.
However the energetics of pentapedal walking indicated that it was less energy efficient than walking on four legs, says Dawson.
"This was always a puzzle," he says.
While previous literature suggested kangaroos used their tail as a "strut to hold the body in place while they move the back legs forward," Dawson suspected something else was happening.
"It appeared to me they were using the tail for propulsion when walking," he says.
To test this hypothesis, Dawson and colleagues trained one male and four female red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) to walk over a force-measuring platform that monitored the energy used by different parts of the kangaroo as it walked.
The researchers found that kangaroos walk by using the tail to lift both hind legs and the body's centre of gravity forward, while the forelimbs were used as struts and didn't provide any of the propulsion.
The tests showed there was far more propulsion energy provided by the tail than scientists had thought.
The kangaroo's tail provides as much propulsive energy as one of the hind legs, between a quarter and a third of the full propulsion needed to move the animal forward, they found.
"We expected this is because the muscles in the tail and hind legs are highly aerobic, with a lot of mitochondria in them doing a lot of work," says Dawson.
Mitochondria act as a cell's power house, providing energy.
"The muscle structure of the front legs have little mitochondria and they're not organised for propulsion, so instead of the tail being the strut, the front legs were filling that role," says Dawson.
"I can now understand where that energy goes and why if they're going to walk more than 5 metres they get up and hop instead."
Dawson says the team is interested in mechanical analogues to walking and locomotion.
"There's interest in the robotic side of things and how other forms of locomotion can work," says Dawson.
"You can locomote just using your legs, but there are other options for stability and it's interesting from that point of view." | <urn:uuid:ea18f9c7-9262-43e1-b38d-5ad7d5e8995e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/07/02/4036228.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00156-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978014 | 686 | 3.78125 | 4 |
Ava Gardner (Bloomsbury Lives of Women)
By: Lee Server (author)Paperback
1 - 2 weeks availability
Ava Gardner was the sex symbol who dazzled the other sex symbols. Elizabeth Taylor and Lana Turner thought her the most beautiful woman they had ever seen. She drove Frank Sinatra to the brink of suicide. Ernest Hemingway carried around one of her kidney stones as a sacred memento. Howard Hughes begged her to marry him: she punched out his front teeth. Her charismatic presence, jaw-dropping beauty and scandalous adventures fuelled the legend that she became. Yet she was a farmgirl who became a reluctant goddess, and who retreated from the world's gaze for the last years of her life. Filled with fresh insights gleaned from interviews with Ava's colleagues, friends and lovers, this is the definitive biography of Hollywood's most glamorous, restless and uninhibited star.
Lee Server is a writer, biographer, and chronicler of popular culture and author of the highly acclaimed biography Robert Mitchum: Baby, I Don't Care. His latest biography, Ava Gardner, was published by Bloomsbury in April 2006.
Number Of Pages:
- ID: 9781408807088
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WHSmith High Street Limited Greenbridge Road, Swindon, Wiltshire, United Kingdom, SN3 3LD, VAT GB238 5548 36 | <urn:uuid:c321d23d-a12e-4430-afd4-5f72a03d08de> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.whsmith.co.uk/products/ava-gardner-bloomsbury-lives-of-women/9781408807088 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00454-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907157 | 345 | 1.554688 | 2 |
This story is part of Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.
Global warming is accelerating, driven by the continuing rise in greenhouse gas emissions. Australia’s climate has warmed by just over 1°C since 1910, with global temperatures on course for a 3-5°C rise this century.
Australia is ahead of the global temperature curve. Our average daily temperature is 21.8°C – that’s 13.7°C warmer than the global average of 8.1°C.
So what do high temperatures do to our bodies? And how much extra heat can people and our way of living tolerate?
More scorchers ahead
Australia’s summer of 2018-19 was 2.14°C warmer than the 1961–90 average, breaking the previous record set in 2012–13 by a large margin. It included an unprecedented sequence of five consecutive days with nationally averaged maximum temperatures above 40°C.
The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) has warned this summer will be another scorcher. Hot dry northerly winds tracking across drought-affected New South Wales and Queensland have the capacity to deliver blistering heat and extreme fire risks to the southern states, and little relief is in sight for those in drought.
Some rural Australians have already been exposed to 50°C days, and the major southern metro cities are set to do the same within the next decade or so.
How our bodies regulate heat
Quietly sitting indoors with the air temperature about 22°C, we passively generate that additional 15°C to keep our core temperature at about 37°C.
Even when the air temperature is 37°C, our metabolism continues to generate additional heat. This excess internal heat is shed into the environment through the evaporation of sweat from our skin.
Temperature and humidity gradients between the skin surface and boundary layer of air determine the rate of heat exchange.
When the surrounding air is hot and humid, heat loss is slow, we store heat, and our temperatures rises.
That’s why hot, dry air is better tolerated than tropical, humid heat: dry air readily absorbs sweat.
A breeze appears refreshing by dislodging the boundary layer of saturated air in contact with the skin and allowing in drier air – thus speeding up evaporation and heat shedding.
What happens when we overheat?
Heat exposure becomes potentially lethal when the human body cannot lose sufficient heat to maintain a safe core temperature.
When our core temperature reaches 38.5°C, most would feel fatigued. And the cascade of symptoms escalate as the core temperature continues to rise beyond the safe functioning range for our critical organs: the heart, brain and kidneys.
Much like an egg in a microwave, protein within our body changes when exposed to heat.
While some heat-acclimatised elite athletes, such as Tour de France cyclists, may tolerate 40°C for limited periods, this temperature is potentially lethal for most people.
As a pump, the heart’s role is to maintain an effective blood pressure. It fills the hot and dilated blood vessels throughout the body to get blood to vital organs.
Exposure to extreme heat places significant additional workload on the heart. It must increase the force of each contraction and the rate of contractions per minute (your heart rate).
If muscles are also working, they also need an increased blood flow.
If all this occurs at a time when profuse sweating has led to dehydration, and therefore lower blood volume, the heart must massively increase its work.
The heart is also a muscle, so it too needs extra blood supply when working hard. But when pumping hard and fast and its own demand for blood flow is not matched by its supply, it can fail. Many heat deaths are recorded as heart attacks.
High aerobic fitness levels offer some heat protection, yet athletes and fit young adults pushing themselves too hard also die in the heat.
Who is more at risk?
Older Australians are more vulnerable to heat stress. Age is commonly associated with poorer aerobic fitness and impaired ability to detect thirst and overheating.
Obesity also increases this vulnerability. Fat acts as an insulating layer, as well as giving the heart a more extensive network of blood vessels to fill. The additional weight requires increased heat-generating muscular effort to move.
Certain medications can lower heat tolerance by interfering with our natural mechanisms necessary to cope with the heat. These include drugs that limit increases in heart rate, lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels, or interfere with sweating.
Core temperatures are increased by about half a degree during late stage pregnancy due to hormonal responses and increased metabolic rate. The growing foetus and placenta also demand additional blood flow. Exposure of the fetus to heat extremes can precipitate preterm birth and life-long health problems such as congential heart defects.
Won’t we just acclimatise?
Our bodies can acclimatise to hot temperatures, but this process has its limits. Some temperatures are simply too hot for the heart to cope with and for sweat rates to provide effective cooling, especially if we need to move or exercise.
We’re also limited by our kidneys’ capacity to conserve water and electrolytes, and the upper limit to the amount of water the human gut can absorb.
Profuse sweating leads to fluid and electrolyte deficits and the resulting electrolyte imbalance can interfere with the heart rhythm.
Mass death events are now occurring during heat waves in traditionally hot countries such as India and Pakistan. This is when heat extremes approaching 50°C exceed the human body’s capacity to maintain its safe core temperature range.
Heatwaves are hotter, more frequent and lasting longer. We can’t live life entirely indoors with air conditioning as we need to venture outdoors to commute, work, shop, and care for the vulnerable. People, animals and our social systems depend on this.
Besides, on a 50°C day, air conditioning units will struggle to remove 25°C from the ambient air. | <urn:uuid:2ed5d50f-490f-4e7d-864f-cebf04d50bc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theconversation.com/how-rising-temperatures-affect-our-health-123016 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.926962 | 1,253 | 4 | 4 |
EPA is continuing to use the Agency’s existing authority to improve the way chemicals are regulated under TSCA. EPA’s latest approach to conducting targeted risk assessments on priority work plan chemicals has landed the Agency on virtually solid ground, although EPA’s methodology still needs some fine tuning to ensure it can produce high quality, scientifically sound assessments of chemicals in commerce, as Chemical Watch reported:
In general, industry groups are backing the EPA’s approach which has taken the draft assessments as part of its work plan chemicals programme but is at the same time seeking clarifications and seeking changes that trade bodies say would improve the assessment methodology.
What’s working so far
It’s important to acknowledge that EPA is taking an approach that will help make the best use of the Agency’s resources and that addresses real world needs by conducting targeted quantitative assessments that focus on the potential risks associated with certain uses and applications of the work plan chemicals. We also commend EPA for employing a margin of exposure (MOE) approach to human health evaluations and for conducting assessments that are focused appropriately on risks that have not already been determined to present minimal or negligible risk for ecological or human health endpoints.
And not to be overlooked, we appreciate that EPA sought public comment on the draft work plan assessments and draft peer review charge questions — an iterative process that can help ensure that the final assessments benefit from expertise outside of the agency early in the process and improve transparency of the peer review.
What work still needs to be done
ACC has provided constructive feedback to EPA to improve its methodology and approach to evaluating risk, as Chemical Week reporter Rebecca Coons reported.
Among those recommendations, ACC suggests the agency develop a clear framework for prioritizing specific use scenarios, refine risk evaluations beyond screening-level assessment and enhance stakeholder input to further increase transparency and opportunities to solicit additional expertise. It is also important that EPA rely on the best available data and use replicable state of the science approaches to evaluate risk. The assessments also need to consider and account for OSHA’s existing standards and regulations in certain assessments so that the public and workers are not receiving potentially conflicting and confusing guidance.
In addition, since the work plan chemical assessments use a screening-level methodology based on assumptions that tend to overestimate risk, ACC believes the results should not be used for further regulatory action until the quality of the assumptions is refined and improved to more accurately reflect real world circumstances.
Faulty data can lead to flawed decisions
EPA is on the right track with its latest approach to work plan chemical assessments, but there’s room for improvement. Increasing the reliability of the data and process upfront will allow EPA and others to have more confidence in the conclusions. Risk assessments based on flawed science do not lead to sound or expedient regulatory decisions. They certainly don’t have a track record of improving safety, either.
ACC looks forward to continuing to work with EPA and other stakeholders to help make the work plan program a success and looking for additional ways to improve TSCA. | <urn:uuid:4906ce8c-0450-448f-9b6a-1d54573972ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.americanchemistry.com/2013/03/tsca-work-plan-chemicals-program-whats-working-what-more-could-be-done/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00433-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941414 | 623 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Brand positioning tip: a brand mantra is not a tagline
Originally coined by Scott Bedbury during his time at Nike, a brand mantra refers to a short 3-5 word phrase created to capture the very essence of the brand’s meaning. The most famous example of a brand mantra is from Nike, where the team coined the brand mantra Authentic Athletic Performance.
The most important thing to understand about brand mantras is that they are not designed to be externally facing slogans or taglines. Case in point— unless you’ve heard the Nike brand mantra story before, you’ve probably never seen the phrase Authentic Athletic Performance associated with Nike in advertising. Usually you will see an external manifestation of it, Just Do It being the prime example.
This is where most well-meaning brand mantra projects go bad. When brainstorming possible brand mantras, it is important for your team to be very clear that they are not writing advertising copy or taglines for external use. There is no quicker path to an inauthentic brand mantra than heading too quickly toward the language of advertising or marketing.
A brand mantra should resonate internally first. The mantra you choose should reflect the core values, mission, and culture of the company while also staying true to the brand positioning (if this is difficult, you’ve got bigger problems, because it may mean your culture and your brand are out of alignment).
The most powerful brand mantras become part of the DNA of the organization, and are used to guide everyday decisions about strategy, user experience, voice, and a host of other things. The mantra becomes a touchstone that is returned to over and over again—especially when decisions start getting tough.
Once you’ve settled on your brand mantra and tested it internally to ensure it resonates, you can finally start working on taglines. Again, think of a tagline as an external manifestation of the brand mantra— written in a language that will resonate with your target customer instead of your co-workers. | <urn:uuid:dac9b480-1e0d-423b-bd17-e9e3c8117cf5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newkind.com/brand-positioning-tip-a-brand-mantra-is-not-a-tagline/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.939563 | 411 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Not having been announced:
The definition of assert is to make a claim or defense.
The definition of hidden is concealed.
To tell, announce, or indicate beforehand; prophesy; predict
To announce; proclaim:
To fix or establish by specifying
To express, signal, indicate, or announce
To hang (a notice) in a conspicuous manner for general review.
To describe technically or portray (coats of arms)
To emit a loud, intense sound; blare:
To call the public's attention to things for sale or rent, help wanted, etc., as by printed or broadcast notices; sponsor advertisements
To take repressive action.
Refrain is defined as to keep from doing, feeling or saying something.
To put out of sight; hide
To refrain from granting, permitting, etc.; refuse
To put or keep in a secret place; hide; conceal
To keep or secure for oneself; retain:
Find another word for announced. In this page you can discover 46 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for announced, like: published, told, declared, reported, promulgated, unannounced, asserted, broadcast, issued, proclaimed and disclosed. | <urn:uuid:dd518eeb-8db6-4706-bb0c-d6bd4073450c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thesaurus.yourdictionary.com/announced | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.862598 | 268 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Presentation on theme: "Being a Class Rep Helping to make life at Strathclyde even better."— Presentation transcript:
Being a Class Rep Helping to make life at Strathclyde even better
What is a Class Rep? At least one representative for each class but you represent multiple classes to be a course or a year rep Gather opinion of classmates on how things are going Feedback and discuss whats good and whats bad about your experience so far Inform classmates of outcomes of discussions and agreed plans
What does it involve? Attendance at Class Rep Induction & Training event (run by the Students Association) Attendance at Student-Staff Liaison Committees (usually one per semester) Attendance at Faculty Rep Surgeries (usually two a semester) Regular formal/informal discussions with classmates and staff Attendance at Student Congress (24 October 2012)
Interested? What to do: Volunteer to be a Class Rep right now! Your lecturer will register you by ing your full name & module code to The Union will send you details of training and invitation to Student Congress via your student address
Help Make Things Better… Improve your Class. Improve your Department. Improve your University. Be a Class Rep. | <urn:uuid:48607ae3-3e13-4742-bd57-008008d59548> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://slideplayer.com/slide/1498845/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00240-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897754 | 248 | 1.695313 | 2 |
This National Consensus Statement is meant to be used as an advocacy tool to ensure the specific HIV research priorities of women, trans people and girls are included in the next generation of HIV and AIDS research responses undertaken in Canada.
Thirty years into the HIV epidemic, HIV-related stigma and discrimination continue to be pervasive in the lives of people living with HIV. HIV-related stigma and discrimination on occur throughout the world – however, they manifest differently and in varying degrees in different locations.
Using a social determinants of health lens, this factsheet highlights some of the particular issues facing indigenous populations regarding HIV, and provides some lessons learned from both the Canadian and African contexts that may be useful in determining next steps forward.
This info sheet explores the role of public health law, including coercive interventions, in addressing behaviours that carry a significant risk of transmitting HIV. This document describes public health law in very general terms. The law that applies in a given jurisdiction may be different from the general description. If you want more details about the public health law that applies in a given jurisdiction, consult a lawyer in that jurisdiction.
This fact sheet examines the linkages between housing and the pandemic and how housing organizations can effectively mainstream responses to HIV and AIDS. It also deliberately brings the slum and urbanization question to the attention of the HIV and AIDS community. Fortunately, the HIV and housing sectors have started to work together to tackle the complex relationships between the disease and urban poverty.
This fact sheet introduces the reader to the broader determinants of health in an Aboriginal context. The broader determinants are intended to complement the social determinants of health and are reflective of the historical features that shape the contemporary health profile of Aboriginal Canadians.
Uncovering the Links Between Social Inequity and HIV/AIDS , 2007
As global citizens and a part of a multicultural society, we have a very important leadership role to play in marshalling an effective response, both nationally and globally. It is our hope that through this resource kit, students, facilitators, post-secondary institutions, AIDS service organizations, non-governmental and faith-based organizations will acquire a deeper understanding of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the lives of the millions affected by the disease.
HIV/AIDS affects rural household food security by impacting people’s ability to produce adequate and nutritious food and/or engage in waged labour to purchase food. Food insecurity increases people’s vulnerability. Poor nutrition contributes to poor health, low labour productivity, low income, and livelihood insecurity. These factors, among others, put people, particularly women and girls, at risk of HIV infection as they are forced to migrate for waged labour or to engage in transactional sex work for income.
A toolkit to support CIDA staff working on initiatives related to food security and rural livelihoods
These guidelines were developed to support the formulation of agricultural policies in developing countries by providing recommendations on how to integrate HIV/AIDS and gender considerations into agriculture and food security programming.
These guidelines offer a synopsis of existing information related to the links between HIV/AIDS, gender inequality, and agricultural development, and they provide a series of recommendations as to how these factors can be taken into account when developing, reviewing, and implementing agricultural programmes. They are intended to provide direction to agricultural programmers by identifying areas of intervention, but have been kept general in order to be adaptable by the end-user in various settings.
TB and HIV: The Power of Two Communities March 1, 2018 Canada's TB and HIV communities have come together to break down silos between the two responses. Our communities are building on expertise, experience and lessons learned to strengthen Canada's…
Society Shouldn't Be A Roadblock To My Right To Health December 12, 2017 This blog first appeared in the Huffington Post Canada. Co-authored by members of Plan International Canada's Global Fund team: Magalie Nelson, Health Advisor and Kate Waller, Gender Advisor under the leadership… | <urn:uuid:dc70c454-5be2-4a60-bc77-63d828653735> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.icad-cisd.com/publication-tag/social-determinants-of-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.941113 | 801 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Memory Portal explores how the “spatial memories” created by the occupants of shared spaces can build a deeper connections to how they and others experience the space. We prototyped new ways of using data collected by remote sensors to resurface and materialize interactions lost to time.
Amrita Khoshoo, Christianne Francovich, Isabel Ngan
Sep 2020 - Dec 2020
This project was completed in Fall 2020 as part of Dr. Dina El Zanfaly’s hyperSENSE: Augmenting human experience in environments in CMU’s School of Design. The findings from this project were recently accepted in CHI 2022 - Late Breaking Work for it’s innovative approach to using time and memory as design materials. We designed Memory Portal with a research through design methodology —adapting to our research as we designed and prototyped the device.
The Portal runs on a blend of physical computing, computer vision, and LED programming techniques. After the initial implementation, we ran several rounds of user testing and prototyping to refine both the device and the concept.
How can we create physical and digital interactions that bridge the gap between humans and built environments to augment our senses? Increasingly shared public spaces are equipped with the IoT sensors, but the data they collect is intangible and inaccessible. Our project explored how embodied interactions, phenomenology of perception, and data physicalization could materialize this data in ambient ways to enhance the experience in these spaces.
We did an exhaustive literature and precedence review of existing research and projects. We focused on how we could plot connections between time, space, and memory in a social format to further evolve the our understanding of human interactions with intelligent, personalized environments.
Experience of Time
Time is perceived based on a a persons internally created temporality.
Interactive displays can foster new social interactions in public spaces.
Perception of Reality
We blend our past memories over the present experienced environment.
We started with an open-ended brainstorming sessions to connect our research themes to more specific direction. We each wrote down questions and concepts from our research and placed them in a loose affinity diagram to identify our focus.
After this each person sketched different types of interactions around the themes. These sketches influenced the design of a physical installation that could capture actions and display memories. My sketches contributed to exploration of the form design and how the installation would fit into the environment.
Each team member also created storyboards to explore different ways we could engage the human senses through touch, sound, and vision. My storyboards explore the different interaction states and focal points within the form design. I also started diagramming how the technology would work to create the overall experience.
Each team member brought forward different aspects of how the form could embody active and passive interaction.
Active, tactile interactions for explorative engagement with manipulation of time
Passive interaction with sound as feedback to enhance interactions with memory
Spatial memories as a social experience provide shared reflection points for building meaning and connection
We built out an interaction system to define the possible interaction focal points of the experience space. We outlined how the interactions with time, memory, or space would trigger feedback from the Portal. Our team built out the first prototype with a second team building out more interactions.
We created a user journey map helped us translate the interaction systems goals into how the Portal creates a sense of temporality and build towards the materiality of the experience.
This journey map also reflects a possible exploration into creating a system of connected portals to expand the experience past a single location.
We started prototyping with Arduino, ultrasonic sensor and piezo buzzers but to capture the fidelity we later switched Raspberry Pi, XBOX Kinect, surface transducers and RGB LED Matrices. We encountered a few technical dead-ends. But prototyping in small steps helped us isolate the interaction points and refine key parts of the experience before building the final prototype.
I worked with the new team to create a contextual inquiry based research protocol focusing on evaluating the impact and effectiveness of the Portal. Three key themes emerged across participants interactions during user testing that we are using to continue to develop the interaction design and form.
Memory is a fluid definition defined by interaction over time. Each perceived the past interactions as a "moments of time" then specifically a memory.
“There is not much detail, so it feels like a very fuzzy memory. It's feels like ghosts of the space.”
“It's very magnetic. It really has my attention. Theres not a lot out there in technology that responds to memory and spaces, and I feel like that is a very human thing.”
Scale & Location
People view the Portal not as a neutral element of the environment but rather as a "third observer" in the space. The larger it is the more impersonal and neutral.
“I would avoid this because I don't like being observed... This fits more in a public space, I would feel uncomfortable if this was in my room.”
“If the scale was larger, would it feel like memories of the people or would it feel like memories of the space.”
People needed more explicit feedback to understand their interactions, but they wanted to continue interact to understand their interactions over time .
“It's quite ambient. The discovery of it kept unfolding as I interacted with it.”
“Right now I feel like there is a depth lacking in the interaction. I need more time to experience the device to develop a relationship over time.”
This project takes pulls forward the unseen in our life and seeks to give it form. As our technologies evolve, research such as this allows designers to proactively design and adapt technologies beyond their original specifications for the benefit of enhancing our interactions with each other and the places we love.
Our team pushed ourselves conceptually to expand our understanding of multidisciplinary design, sensory-based experiences, and technically to learn new tools and technologies. By focusing on spatial memories we sought to explore new ways of manifesting presence and memory in material ways, and how this can be applied in different contexts ( surfacing IoT data, intelligent environments, shared presence).
Refining the interaction design - Add more feedback and interaction affordances so people have a clearer idea of the interaction space
Enlarging the scale of the design - Adopt feedback to further test how the scale affect the perception of the portal
I'd like to thank Dr. Dina El-Zanfaly and Matt Geiger for their help in bringing this project to fruition. This was my first time prototyping at this level of complexity and they lent their wonderful knowledge, countless Zoom calls and amazing skills to guide us. | <urn:uuid:a5e2641f-49f6-4f84-a0bf-4f747082f365> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rachelarre.com/work/portal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.934302 | 1,420 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Just because a child doesn’t like one type of toothpaste doesn’t mean she’ll refuse them all. Many kids hate the minty taste of traditional adult toothpastes — but might love a berry or bubblegum flavor.
By five or six, kids should be able to spit out the foam rather than swallow it. If your daughter hasn’t mastered this skill yet, teaching her how to do so can make brushing more pleasant for both of you.
If your daughter still refuses to use toothpaste, have her brush with a wet toothbrush and no paste, and then follow up with a fluoride rinse. Many studies prove that topical fluoride helps prevent cavities, so this step is critical if she’s not using toothpaste that contains fluoride.
Even though your daughter probably still has mostly baby teeth, keeping them healthy is essential. If she loses them too early because of excessive decay, her permanent teeth can drift, which increases the odds that she’ll need orthodontia. Instilling good oral hygiene habits early will benefit her for the rest of her life. | <urn:uuid:717f3850-f866-48b6-b22a-498792b628d3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pediatricsafety.net/2012/01/help-my-daughter-refuses-to-use-toothpaste/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942674 | 229 | 2.84375 | 3 |
And it ain't just our necks. Take that conservative revisionists, you know who you are. Southern Alberta was the origin of union organizing in Alberta and Western Canada at the beginning of last century laying the foundation for Western Canadian Industrial Unionism.
Alberta Labour History Institute Visits Southern Alberta Foundation of the Union Movement in Western Canada
Edmonton: A provincial labour history group, the Alberta Labour History Institute (ALHI) will be in Medicine Hatfor three days this week to promote labour history as key aspect of the industrial development of the area. Medicine Hat
ALHI will be in the
area from Wednesday to Friday, October 10-12 to conduct Oral History interviews with labour leaders and community activists. In addition, they will participate in activities organized by the Medicine Hat Clay Industries Historical Society, including a noon luncheon for former clay industry employees at the Museum on Thursday, and a presentation to students at the Medicine Hat Eagle Butte Schoolin Dunmoreon Friday.
The visit to South-Eastern Alberta is the first stage in a series of community visits across the province as part of a five-year project leading up to the centennial of the Alberta Federation of Labour in 2012.
Entitled ‘Project 2012’, the mission will gather stories about work and working people to ensure that labour and its long history in each area of the Province is preserved for students, academic researchers, historians and others. Videotaped interviews will be conducted with local workers, and pictures, materials, and other artifacts will be collected to add to the story.
This material will be posted on the ALHI website at www.labourhistory.ca which was constructed two years ago as part of
’s Centenary. An education project with Aspen Foundation is being developed for integration into the Alberta Social Studies curriculum for Grades 1 to 12. Alberta
ALHI President Dave Werlin says these trips are dedicated to highlighting the profile of workers and their organizations throughout
“This is why this volunteer labour history institute was started about 10 years ago by trade unionists, community activists, librarians, archivists and historians,” said Werlin, “We realized that someone had to take the initiative to preserve and publicize the story of Alberta’s working people, otherwise it would be lost forever - a critical but untold part of Alberta’s history.”
Albertamay remember some of the strikes that took place in the area years ago. What many don’t know, however, is that 100 years ago, this whole area was the hotbed of union organization in Medicine Hat Western Canada. Really, this is where it all started.”
must be of particular interest to anyone engaged in labour history because it was one of the first fully industrialized centres in this Province. Manufacturers and government policy makers seized upon the natural resources and other advantages this area had to offer for industrial development, and it was no surprise that workers’ organizations quickly followed.” Medicine Hat
It was in Lethbridge, another Southern Alberta city, that the Alberta Federation of Labour was formed, when about 25 railway workers, meatpackers, construction tradesmen, public workers, coal miners and farmers met in 1912 to form an organization through which they could work for political and social reform. This is why ALHI decided to start its community visits in this part of the province.
Find blog posts, photos, events and more off-site about:
labour, Edmonton, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, labour-history, history, Lethbridge, Medicine Hat, IWW, OBU, labourweb | <urn:uuid:27b62478-43ad-4769-b1fc-c41239c19a61> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://plawiuk.blogspot.com/2007/10/alberta-reds.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00003-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950939 | 737 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Thursday, June 18, 2015
I read this a few days ago and I just couldn't stop thinking about it or rereading it. I got that feeling you get when you read something and it is just so fitting for you life, maybe at that particular time or maybe at any time. I thought I would share.
Don’t get lost, I tell myself. Just pick up your knees and push. Push a little bit farther, a little bit harder. Don’t push other’s it’s not nice. Don’t push your heart, it won’t heal as fast. Push deeper, though. You could love again.
Remember how lovely it is to be looked at like you’re brand new to someone? Remember looking at someone and feeling the wanting familiarity that comes with holding someone’s face lightly between your palms and kissing them. Above the right eyebrow, scattering kisses across the bridge of their nose. On to their lips. Taste. Remember feeling the hair on the back of their neck against your fingertips for the first time, your how their shoulders square off towards yours and you feel content?
Remember car rides? Well, imagine new ones, and they squeeze your knee, or take your hand and kiss the back near your knuckles. Think about reaching out and brushing the fingers of your left hand against their ear. Sit back, and trust them to drive you where you need to be.
Remember, not always where you must be, but where you need to be, a lookout, or the beach, or maybe just windows down with a good song on going around the block a couple times, or maybe just to the grocery store to pick up two ripe plums. Let the plum juice run down your fingers. Sit on the roof or hood or trunk of the car. Make sure your thigh brushes theirs. Kiss them.
Think about a kitchen table where you share your mornings, and maybe nights. Think about your legs and feet brushing theirs. Think about lazy morning kisses, hand holding. Hugs. Think about the new ones you’ll share. Push yourself to think new, not compare to old. Think about what will make their day better. Your day better. Your day collectively better.
Remember yoga at first, how you felt weak, detached, immovable, always trying to catch your breath? Well, that’s not you anymore, you are constantly focusing yourself for the next move, the next pose trusting that the sequence will play out, that eventually after deepening, lifting, trusting, a bit of a challenge you feel exhausted. Eventually you will lay still, quite, motionless, content.
Eventually love will come again, you’re deepening though, the way you think, feel, the way you exist. Always learn more, challenge more, live more. Don’t get lost. Push, baby. Push. Your effort, that your result only need to effect you. Make yourself proud. Hold yourself to your standard. Don’t brag, explain. Let your passion show your liveliness.
And don’t forget to savor the stretch, don’t forget to savor the kiss, don’t forget through the struggle, it’s a beautiful thing called existing. Revel at the moon, dance or run till your legs tire. Do deep, go fully. Trust yourself. Share that passion for the outer world with someone else. Don’t forget to fill every crack, crevice, hole in your heart… with affection, respect and love for yourself and the people who have made and continue to make you.
Posted by Simply Marilla at 7:15 AM
Tuesday, May 12, 2015
Monday, May 11, 2015
I'm excited about spring, this spring in particular has brought many new beginnings in my life. I am grateful for new experiences, new spaces, meeting new people and some exciting changes at work. Winter is such a hard time, isolating, dark and gloomy, but spring, spring is full of light and hope.
Posted by Simply Marilla at 10:23 AM | <urn:uuid:a47a28a2-3814-4676-a632-a1ac04c0b4a0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://simplymarilla.blogspot.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00079-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951706 | 851 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Ethical Wildlife Control: An International Perspective
Wildlife control is a controversial topic among both the general public and animal advocates. We all may recognize that there are human-wildlife conflicts that sometimes crop up and need to be solved or addressed, but how that can be tricky. While the general public may have varying levels of support for non-lethal or lethal means such as “exclusion, trapping, hunting, poisoning, or otherwise destroying animals,” animal advocates would hope for more humane or ethical methods. Fortunately, societal attitudes in many parts of the world are changing, and many people are starting to see commonly used control methods as “inhumane, ineffective, or not based on scientific evidence.” According to researchers, there is now “widespread acknowledgment of the need for ethical and evidence-based approaches to wildlife control,” and thus, policy-makers are starting to think about and make moves towards alternatives.
This opinion paper looks at the issue of ethical wildlife control, emerging from a 2-day workshop in 2015, where 20 experts from academia, industry, and NGOs from 5 continents convened to develop the first international principles for the practice. Through discussions, presentations, and group activities, the experts devised 7 overarching principles to help manage human-wildlife conflict:
- Modify human practices when possible
- Justify the need for control
- Have clear and achievable outcome-based objectives
- Cause the least harm to animals
- Consider community values and scientific information
- Include long-term systematic management
- Base control on specifics of the situation
Some of these may seem groundbreaking, and some may seem like common sense. Together, they make up a framework that has the potential to revolutionize how we see and enact wildlife control. Specifically, needing to justify the need for control and modify human practices reverse the sort of “burden of proof” of wildlife control, and the idea that control methods should “cause the least animal welfare harms to the least number of animals” is equally important. Interestingly, the authors note that “the seventh principle is redundant if the other 6 have been addressed,” but they note that it still needs to be there because “negative labels are sometimes used to justify arbitrary control actions,” and checks on this type of thing need to be in place.
How such principles are actually enacted in practice is up for debate and deliberation, but for animal advocates the principles above and the specific explanations of each will be of great interest. | <urn:uuid:efac176b-2185-43b0-a623-56d7d61d827a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://faunalytics.org/ethical-wildlife-control-international-perspective/?wpfpaction=add&postid=20598 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.930196 | 512 | 3.125 | 3 |
Posted by Madeline Kane on July 07, 2016
Growing up in the DC area I have been surrounded by politics for my entire life. Whether it was family, friends or teachers, everyone seemed to have an opinion--democrat, republican or independent--and everyone always seemed to disagree. Despite this initial disagreement, what everyone seems to agree on is that the electoral system is, in most ways, breaking down. This 2016 election season shows, more than ever, that something is deeply wrong with American politics. It goes beyond the candidates and parties involved. Something needs to be changed with the way that we are voting in order to reflect our population. This idea, that our voting system should be a reflection of the voters, seems very simple to me yet somehow has been difficult to adopt in practice.
After finishing my first year at Colgate University and intending to major in Political Science and minor in Art History, I started looking for a summer internship where I could learn more about our current political system, while also understanding a better alternative. Cynthia Terrell, one of the founders of FairVote, came to speak at Colgate in the fall about a project of FairVote called Representation2020 and I was immediately interested. Representation2020 is actively working to reform the electoral system as a way to represent more women in politics. As a woman who is specifically interested in politics, this was very exciting for me to hear about! After learning how grossly underrepresented more that half of the population is in our government, I was appalled. This is so problematic not only because women represent so much of our country, but also because women have something so uniquely important that we can bring to the table: we provide new perspectives and voices for policy that men simply cannot. Therefore, to ignore those voices is to neglect the full potential of the American people, putting everyone at a disadvantage.
I’m very excited to work with Representation2020’s Communications Department because in this capacity I am able to learn about the electoral system as a whole, where women stand in it, and ways to improve this through structural reforms. The Communications Department is uniquely interesting to me because I can share what I have learned through FairVote and Representation2020 with others through social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, with the hope and optimism that they too will be excited to advocate for such an important cause.
Maddie is the 2016 Representation2020/Communications Intern at FairVote. Learn more about FairVote's Democracy Fellowships and Internship opportunities on our Employment page. | <urn:uuid:83a8a183-1fec-40af-8b94-278b4cd08997> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.fairvote.org/meet_the_team_maddie_kane | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00479-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971415 | 519 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.
What is included with this book?
|Introduction: Empires at War||p. 1|
|Civil War in the British Empire: The American Revolution||p. 11|
|The War on Privilege and Dissension: The French Revolution||p. 45|
|From Prize Colony to Black Independence: The Revolution in Haiti||p. 84|
|Multiple Routes to Sovereignty: The Spanish America Revolutions||p. 117|
|The Revolutions Compared: Causes, Patterns, Legacies||p. 158|
|About the Author||p. 239|
|Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.| | <urn:uuid:73151b46-b8db-4198-b797-ff1601312f63> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ecampus.com/revolutions-atlantic-world-comparative/bk/9780814747896 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00355-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.688336 | 150 | 2.5 | 2 |
Introduction to Higher education in America
An American Bachelor’s (first) degree usually takes four years to complete. There are two major divisions in the type of school: public or private and college or university. A college offers only bachelor’s level degrees (BA/ BS), while a university is larger having both Bachelor’s degree programs and advanced degree programs for Master’s, Professional and Doctoral degrees. In addition, there are junior colleges which offer “associate degrees” in professional subject areas after about two years of work.
Public schools are organized at the state level, they often charge fees and tuition according to their prestige. Public schools come in university, college and junior college varieties.
Private schools and colleges are more expensive on average. They can be very large as Harvard University, which has a total population of 26,000 students, or very small like Marlboro College with only 250 students.
Usually the full price for a year at a private college or university can be over US$ 30,000. A less famous public school may still cost US$ 15,000 per year upwards. However you may be able to win independent scholarship or grant from local or international sources or some schools offer financial aid packages to help offset the cost of your schooling.
Applications to US colleges and universities generally require transcripts, several letters of recommendation from teachers, a personal essay of about a page, and some exams.
The most commonly required exam, accepted by almost all US schools is SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test). It is a general ‘ability’ test with sections in mathematics, vocabulary, and writing. This is given several times a year. The test can be retaken if you are unsatisfied with your performance.
The basic SAT, also known as the SAT-I, recently changed its format. There are also SAT-II tests, short subject-specific tests in fields from Biology to Art History to French. SAT-IIs are not usually a requirement for admission, but they help show your achievements to your school of choice.
For details of these tests (including dates and costs), test study materials, and information about school choices and admission process can be obtained from United States- Sri Lanka Fulbright Commission. This site contains FAQs on admission requirements, estimated expenses for one Academic year and types of Higher education Institutes in USA.
For more details Contact
Ms Nelum Senadira, Student Advisor,
United States- Sri Lanka Fulbright Commission,
7, Flower Terrace, Colombo 7
Study in UK, India
Foreign Medical Degrees
Toefel, SAT, GRE exams
Scholarship programs to study abroad | <urn:uuid:522b3404-f70e-4d0d-b10c-896853ccc823> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://studentlanka.com/2008/02/25/degree-in-usa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00382-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950222 | 551 | 2.28125 | 2 |
TRANSLATION NOTES: Please read some comments at the end of this post.
I had been somewhat lazy (*), but there’s no option, it has appeared a non smokers group who want a GvSIG course so I have a week to learn how to use it and start the tutorial that will take me 2 weeks of my evening hours. Also with this post I start a new category on my sidebar: GvSIG.
Really they don’t asked that application, they asked for a free one and also easy to use… free many, easy to use questionable! …exciting without doubt! I think I will take the opportunity to compare it with Manifold and others.
If they had $250, I would recommend Manifold to them because I know what it does and what doesn’t, but as they don’t want to spend money then, it is better going for a tool that has ready manuals and that is stable (although it won’t be free for them the learning curve… not mine also).
And for those who have no idea which is GvSIG, here the basics:
· Arises (as an offer to tender) in late 2003, was developed by IVER who won the game, but has the institutional umbrella of the European Fund of Regional Development (ERDF), the Ministry of infrastructure of Valencia and the Jaume I University
· The license is GNU GPL
- It is built 100% on Java (with the exception of some proprietary libraries of ECWy MrSID), so it runs on Windows, Linux and Mac.
- Libraries in what has been developed are standards like Geotools and Java Topology Suite known as JTS, among others.
- It is interesting that apparently supports “internationalization”…
- it’s supposed that adapts natively into user’s language… mmmm?
- Supports commonly used files as shp, dxf, dwg, dgn, kml and even gml
- Supports raster formats like MrSID, GeoTIFF, ECW and ENVI
- Supports OGC standards including WMS, WFS, WCS and nomenclatures services
- Promotes the five characteristics which were offer time requirements: Portable (Windows / Linux at that time), Modular code open, no-cost licensing, Interoperable (at least with AutoCAD, Microstation and ArcView at that time), subject to standards.
If you want to extend, it can be integrated IMS services and other wonders through extensions which include viewing and editing OpenStreetMap mapping, connection to ESRI extensions as ArcIMS and ArcSDE… among others.
The most enriching of this tool is the community behind its development; dissemination and documentation… something that guarantees a certain level of sustainability that do not have all open platforms… at least with much emphasis in Spanish.
There I tell you how it goes.
(*) hacerse el currito: When your not working but just viewing how time passes then you’re somewhat lazy. | <urn:uuid:901af9d6-65bf-4379-925b-1c276e3086a5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.egeomate.com/well-lets-get-into-gvsig/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00230-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959585 | 647 | 1.804688 | 2 |
I’m teaching my girls that double standards just don’t exist.
Standards are way more than double. There’s a set of expectations, high and low, fair and unfair, that probably existed far back enough that guys like Augustus and the guy who was the Beatles drummer before Ringo Starr had to stop and say, “what’s up with that?”
Rather than model for my girls that a different set of standards is something to whine about, I’ll try to show them the upside of being held to a higher standard.
How’m I doing? Oh, I’ll let you know, in 111 years or so.
1. Why do people make a big deal if a boy does a one-handed cartwheel, but if a girl does it, it’s no big deal?
Know how you used to giggle when I wore purple? “That’s a GIRL color, daddy!” you’d say. (It’s also the Rockies’ primary color. Hmm.) Boys are expected to take karate, play baseball and throw rocks; Girls are expected to take gymnastics, play Barbies and throw fits.
When a girl rips a perfect spiral at the park for an outdoor music fest, dads marvel at her skill. A boy who throws a spiral might draw criticism (especially if his name is Tim Tebow, with a hitch in his delivery.)
Society says a girl should be able stick a front aerial flip while baking sweet potato pie by age 2. It says a boy who masters a somersault by age 12 is a master, indeed.
There’s no solution. But the girl who can turn the one-handed cartwheel *and* rip that perfect spiral is one after my heart from the start.
2. Do they have to tell you if someone dies in a house?
It depends on the state of the union the house is in.
No states require home sellers to tell you if someone died of natural causes. If an uncle died in the living room of a heart attack, for instance. If someone died by electrocution because your wiring dangled from the ceiling in the shower, well, you’d have to disclose that, because they died because of unsafe conditions in the house.
Depending on the state, a violent death, say, by Colonel Mustard in the ballroom with a lead pipe, you should mention that. No one wants Mr. Boddy haunting their new digs.
3. What does a Skye Terrier look like?
See picture left.
To me, a Skye Terrier looks like a lot of the boys at your school with the floppy hair. They have those silly-ass ears on which you’re not sure where ear ends and hair takes over. Move their bangs aside, and they look curiously like Jeff Bridges.
They have legs like a sawed-off coffee table, although I’m reasonably sure no one has ever seen a Skye Terrier’s legs, actually.
They’re usually hidden, like whoever holds the wires and has his hand in Kermit the Frog.
4. If you get a tattoo and then a suntan and then get your tattoo removed, will it show?
Suntans would be the least of your worries if you’ve had a tattoo removed. Let’s say after 11 or so rums and Cokes, I got that Mad Woody Woodpecker tat I rattle on about at times, on my left biceps. Then let’s say I lounged out on Playa Tortugas and just long enough to get all honey-roasted-er.
Let’s say in two weeks, I decided against the otherwise permanent fixture of my skin. Let’s say I found a tattoo-removal artist in downtown Cancun and did the deed, but still had that killer tan.
My skin likely will scar during tat removal. It might not be pretty.
Scars are made of second-rate skin. They don’t tan, but they can burn. Exposed long enough, they’ll just get darker, which will make it look like a dark version of the tat I paid to remove in the first place.
The moral of the story here is if you’re going to get tatted up, at least go for something you’ll want to keep around. Either in the colorful form, or the painful, sandblasted removal and permanently sun damaged version.
5. How do NFL players adjust to the time change when they play in London?
Let’s first look inside the numbers:
256 | Games in an NFL season
136 | Computers needed to create the NFL schedule
32 | NFL teams
17 | Weeks in the season
3 | NFL games in London
This season, games in London will start at 2:15 p.m. local time. That’ll feel like 9:15 a.m. to East Coast teams and 10:15 a.m. to the Detroit Lions and Kansas City Chiefs, the teams this season playing from the Central Time Zone. This is roughly the same time a guy like Pacman Jones wraps up his club crawl.
You lose a night’s sleep traveling to Europe. Seasoned travelers prepare by adjusting their sleep schedule a week or so before departure, getting up and going to bed earlier by 30 minutes each day.
Eat light on departure day (wait, what??), don’t get hammered, and don’t drive when you get there.
Unless you’re Alex Smith and you find yourself driving your Kansas City Chiefs offense down the Wembley Stadium grass late in the game against the Detroit Lions. Then you just have to do it.
Different standards and all. | <urn:uuid:bafc8330-c610-46cd-a622-4a9a66780776> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coachdaddyblog.wordpress.com/2015/06/18/go-ask-daddy-about-expectations-goofy-dogs-and-american-footy-across-the-pond/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.948762 | 1,235 | 1.726563 | 2 |
The Pirate Bay is ditching its servers and heading to the cloud in a move the popular file-sharing website says can help prevent raids by authorities.
The site will no longer reside at a single physical location, the company said. It called the move to the cloud “getting rid of our earthly form” and “ascending into the next stage.”
The Pirate Bay, which is hounded by the entertainment industry for enabling users to download free content, constantly operates under the threat of a shutdown by authorities looking to crack down on the illegal sharing.
Going forward, though, any attack will be one on “everything and nothing,” now that its content exists in the cloud, the company said.
Moves to the cloud also can lower costs, reduce outages due to power failures or other circumstances, and make it easier to operate worldwide, making it a popular choice for companies in every industry.
The Pirate Bay did not respond to our request for further details.
The switch to the cloud is far from The Pirate Bay’s first attempt to shield itself from law-enforcement agencies. In 2006, Swedish police raided The Pirate Bay, acting under the orders of a judge based on a complaint from the Motion Picture Association of America. That led to a high-profile trial that concluded in 2009, resulting in prison sentences and more than US$3 million in fines for four defendants. Officials succeeded in shutting down the site at that time.
It eventually bounced back, but has since added protections to prevent future shutdowns. Early this year, the site started using magnet links that allow users to download from other users rather than from The Pirate Bay’s servers.
Those moves weren’t enough, however. Last March, the company revealed it had received leaked information about a second investigation. Swedish officials asked at least one hosting company, Binero, to reveal personal details about the customer who registered the site’s domain name.
Earlier this month, Stockholm police forces raided Web host PRQ, notorious for hosting file-sharing and a slew of unsavory sites, and took four of its servers. PRQ had previously hosted The Pirate Bay.
That kind of raid probably wouldn’t have been possible if The Pirate Bay had already made the move to the cloud, said Benjamin Woo, managing director of Neuralytix.
Once a site is hosted in the cloud, “no longer is its content sitting in one physical location,” Woo told TechNewsWorld. “So, it is arguable that it is impossible to physically raid a company.”
By using multiple cloud sites, The Pirate Bay can jump around and avoid legal intervention, said Eric Chiu, president and founder of HyTrust.
“By distributing the service across multiple public cloud sites, Pirate Bay can technically keep ahead of the legal process by spinning itself up at a new cloud provider if it gets shut down. This is the technical equivalent of a game of whack-a-mole across the cloud,” he told TechNewsWorld.
For all its advantages, cloud technology also can provide a buffer for operations like The Pirate Bay, making it more difficult for law enforcement to keep up with illegal file-sharers, Lowenstein Sandler attorney Matthew Savare told TechNewsWorld. The global scale of file-sharing sites such as The Pirate Bay, combined with the rapid advances in Internet storage technology, make chasing these sites a tough gig.
“The rogue sites dissolve and reconstitute themselves continuously, like a virus,” Savare said. “Unfortunately, there is no cure — only things we can do to slow them down.” | <urn:uuid:92b27008-96fb-4504-baef-d39d1379398b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.technewsworld.com/story/pirate-bay-assumes-ethereal-form-to-dodge-raids-76428.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.952616 | 766 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Accents on US keyboards
I have an American keyboard but I often have to write in French, Italian, and German (in this order). Xmodmap is a utility which comes with Xorg and which is extremely flexible, to the point that you can completely remap you keyboard. I have remapped mine so that
Note: AltGr is the Alt key on the right-hand side of the space bar. AltGr + e -> é AltGr + r -> è AltGr + a -> à AltGr + u -> ù AltGr + i -> ì AltGr + o -> ò AltGr + c -> ç AltGr + [ -> « AltGr + ] -> » AltGr + ; -> dead diaresis (ï, ü, etc.)
The only difficulty is to have a good xmodmap file (see below).
A useful utility to produce xmodmap file
On this page you'll find XKeyCaps, a graphical front-end to xmodmap which is useful to produce an xmodmap file suiting your needs.
Example xmodmap file
Here's the xmodmap file I use, where keys are mapped as indicated above:
clear Mod1 clear Mod2 ! us.map with a few redefinitions keycode 9 = Escape Escape keycode 10 = 1 exclam keycode 11 = 2 at at keycode 12 = 3 numbersign keycode 13 = 4 dollar dollar keycode 14 = 5 percent currency keycode 15 = 6 asciicircum dead_circumflex keycode 16 = 7 ampersand braceleft keycode 17 = 8 asterisk bracketleft keycode 18 = 9 parenleft bracketright keycode 19 = 0 parenright braceright keycode 20 = minus underscore backslash keycode 21 = equal plus keycode 22 = BackSpace Delete keycode 23 = Tab Tab keycode 24 = q keycode 25 = w keycode 26 = e E eacute keycode 27 = r R egrave keycode 28 = t keycode 29 = y keycode 30 = u U ugrave keycode 31 = i I igrave keycode 32 = o O ograve keycode 33 = p keycode 34 = bracketleft braceleft guillemotleft keycode 35 = bracketright braceright guillemotright keycode 36 = Return keycode 37 = Control_L keycode 38 = a A agrave keycode 39 = s keycode 40 = d keycode 41 = f keycode 42 = g keycode 43 = h keycode 44 = j keycode 45 = k keycode 46 = l keycode 47 = semicolon colon dead_diaeresis keycode 48 = apostrophe quotedbl keycode 49 = grave asciitilde dead_grave keycode 50 = Shift_L keycode 51 = backslash bar keycode 52 = z keycode 53 = x keycode 54 = c C ccedilla keycode 55 = v keycode 56 = b keycode 57 = n keycode 58 = m keycode 59 = comma less apostrophe keycode 60 = period greater quotedbl keycode 61 = slash question keycode 62 = Shift_R keycode 63 = KP_Multiply keycode 64 = Alt_L Meta_L keycode 65 = space space keycode 66 = Caps_Lock keycode 67 = F1 F11 keycode 68 = F2 F12 keycode 69 = F3 F13 keycode 70 = F4 F14 keycode 71 = F5 F15 keycode 72 = F6 F16 keycode 73 = F7 F17 keycode 74 = F8 F18 keycode 75 = F9 F19 keycode 76 = F10 F20 keycode 77 = Num_Lock keycode 78 = Scroll_Lock keycode 79 = KP_7 keycode 80 = KP_8 keycode 81 = KP_9 keycode 82 = KP_Subtract keycode 83 = KP_4 keycode 84 = KP_5 keycode 85 = KP_6 keycode 86 = KP_Add keycode 87 = KP_1 keycode 88 = KP_2 keycode 89 = KP_3 keycode 90 = KP_0 keycode 94 = less greater bar keycode 95 = F11 F11 keycode 96 = F12 F12 keycode 108 = KP_Enter keycode 109 = Control_R keycode 112 = KP_Divide keycode 113 = Mode_switch keycode 114 = Break keycode 110 = Find keycode 98 = Up keycode 99 = Prior keycode 100 = Left keycode 102 = Right keycode 115 = Select keycode 104 = Down keycode 105 = Next keycode 106 = Insert keycode 116 = Mode_switch ! right windows-menu key, redefined as Compose key keycode 117 = Multi_key add Mod1 = Alt_L add Mod2 = Mode_switc
What to do with the xmodmap file
If you want to do use the file posted above, put it in a hidden file called xmodmaprc in your home directory:
Some desktop environments, for instance Gnome, will automatically detect the file and ask you if you want to use it. If you're using a desktop environment or a window manager which does not do this, you'll have to add a line to an executable file called .xinitrc, located in your home directory. This file contains a list of commands that are executed after you log in.
If you already have a .xinitrc file, type these commands in a terminal:
cd echo "xmodmap ~/.xmodmaprc" >> .xinitrc
If you don't have a .xinitrc file, do this:
cd echo "xmodmap ~/.xmodmaprc" > .xinitrc chmod 755 .xinitrc | <urn:uuid:73b4b6ae-2848-49f9-a456-6dbcbbabf096> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Accents_on_US_keyboards&oldid=9254 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00239-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.74186 | 1,213 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Feldspar is the most important rock forming mineral in surface rocks. Feldspar is the general name of feldspar minerals. It is a common aluminosilicate rock forming mineral containing calcium, sodium and potassium.
Feldspar is an aluminosilicate mineral containing calcium, sodium and potassium. It has many kinds, such as albite, anorthite, barium feldspar, barium ice feldspar, microcline, orthoclase, diorthite, etc. They all have glass luster and a variety of colors. There are colorless, white, yellow, pink, green, gray, black, etc. Some transparent, some translucent. Feldspar itself should be colorless and transparent. The reason why it is colored or not completely transparent is because it contains other impurities. Some are in block shape, some in plate shape, some in column shape or needle shape, etc.
Feldspar rich in potassium or sodium is mainly used in ceramic industry, glass industry and enamel industry. Feldspar containing rare elements such as rubidium and cesium can be used as mineral raw materials for extracting these elements. Feldspar with beautiful color can be used as decorative stone and inferior gem.
Feldspar accounts for up to 60% in the earth’s crust and can appear in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Feldspar is the main mineral component of almost all igneous rocks, which is of great significance for rock classification. There are other drugs of the same name.
Feldspar grinding process flow
Stage I: crushing
Large feldspar materials are crushed by the crusher to the feed fineness (less than 30mm) that can enter the pulverizer.
Stage 2: material grinding
The crushed small feldspar materials are sent to the raw material bin by the elevator, and then sent to the grinding chamber of the mill evenly and quantitatively by the vibrating feeder for grinding. After grinding, the milled materials are graded by the analyzer. Those whose fineness meets the specification flow into the large cyclone collector with the wind, and then discharged into finished products through the discharge valve. Those whose fineness is unqualified cannot be screened by the analyzer, but still fall back to the host for re grinding.
Stage III: storage or packaging of finished products in cans
① The finished products discharged from the discharge valve are transported to the finished product tank for storage by pneumatic conveying equipment.
② The finished products discharged from the discharge valve are packaged by a double mouth packaging machine.
③ The finished products discharged from the discharge valve are packaged by the ton baler. | <urn:uuid:5e4b1fbb-2613-4f07-bcf2-8e37578364ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hengdamill.com/feldspar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.907996 | 576 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Sunday, October 06, 2013
One day, a little Mary is sitting and watching her mother do the dishes at the kitchen sink. She suddenly notices that her mother has several strands of white hair sticking out in contrast to her brunette hair.
She looks at her mother and inquisitively asks, "Why are some of your hairs white, Mom?"
Her mother replied, "Well, every time that you do something wrong and make me cry or unhappy, one of my hairs turns white."
The little girl thought about this revelation for a while and then asked, "Momma, how come all of grandma's hairs are white?" | <urn:uuid:bcc78ecb-3a08-4c6f-a36c-ec30fa2a73ae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sparkpeople.com/mypage_public_journal_individual.asp?blog_id=5505689 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00437-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963716 | 132 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Hi, during my several activities in architecture, buildings, oenology, I've always tutored students in mathematics, or french for primary , secondary school and college studies. Now, after a last diploma in French, I'm happy to share the French culture and to teach french bases to help you to succeed in your studies. It's a wonderfull language and with my multi technical knowledges I can help you to improve your french : 1- for tourism, to be able to manage your travel by yourself, 2 -for a new life in a francophone country, to find a place to live, to find a new job, etc... 3- in your professional life (Specifical objectiv french) by preparing courses about your work tasks , using role play, simulation of concrete situations in your job, verbal or written exercises. We can watch a video and ask and answer about it and then play the same event, we can play quick verbal games to practice reactivity. It's a matter of french level in fact, each course can be different and will be prepared. After the courses, I can send you a summary of main points of the lesson. Try it and welcome! | <urn:uuid:c1ae17f8-38c4-4840-9ebe-876fe2cda222> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.verbling.com/ru/teachers/nathaliefrenchteacherforprofessionalsandbeginners | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.95372 | 241 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Italpres' decision to have its own internal construction department for moulds for aluminium die casting is a guarantee of promptness in resolving any problems that might affect the equipment once it has reached the die-casting stage.
The construction department for moulds for aluminium die casting is also a production strategy in order to have control of the production process. A decision that prevents time from being wasted and potential misunderstandings, and at the same time provides the customer with a reliable, single interface able to handle the entire process at a more competitive price, in proportion to the technology used.
Italpres, since its establishment some 70 years ago, has had the idea of a department with state-of-the-art machinery that is constantly updated or replaced in light of technological innovations.
The department also has dedicated, highly qualified technical personnel who undergo continuous training. Today, there is a range of equipment available, many of which is technologically complex. Italpres can also just perform the die casting of an article if the customer already has the relevant equipment, as well as being able, if necessary, to work with third-party equipment.
What is needed for the production of moulds for die casting?
Steel is required for the production, which has melting points higher than the injected material, aluminium. Some parts of the mould can be made from different types of steel in order to favour some processes useful in the production of the mould itself.
Production takes place directly within the Italpres production plant at Lumezzane, in the technologically advanced workshop equipped with milling machines, and other machinery that allow precise processing (in the order of hundredths of a millimetre) and that are based on technologies such as EDM. | <urn:uuid:491e9c94-b124-4336-8cd9-aa9b8f3eafb4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.italpres.com/mold-manufacturing-for-aluminium-die-casting-in-italy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.961842 | 349 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Laveyne, Joannes I., Deckmyn, Christof, Moradzadeh, Mohammad, Vandevelde, Lieven and Van Eetvelde, Greet (2013) Development of a cloud-based renewable energy monitoring platform. In: 2013 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE.Metadata only available from this repository.
Obtaining and maintaining large-scale datasets of actual measurements of a variety of different parameters typically requires significant effort by researchers or individuals. The monitoring of distributed renewable energy production across a wide geographical area is no different in this aspect. The increasingly pervasive availability of digital communication makes it possible to develop a computer system to automate these tasks. This paper describes the architecture of a large-scale multi-parameter Distributed Energy Monitoring System (DEMS) developed by Ghent University, which is currently being deployed in Flanders. Preliminary experiences with the rollout of this system are given, as well as relevant insights into the development and deployment of a general Wide-Area Measurement System (WAMS) for all kinds of energy production and consumption.
|Item Type:||Book Chapter|
|Subjects:||T Technology > T Technology (General)|
|Schools:||School of Computing and Engineering|
|Depositing User:||Cherry Edmunds|
|Date Deposited:||09 Feb 2016 12:16|
|Last Modified:||09 Feb 2016 12:16|
Downloads per month over past year
Repository Staff Only: item control page | <urn:uuid:809ac991-e004-4f85-83e9-ed617c4b04df> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/27168/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.813767 | 323 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Can We Get Some Volunteers, Please?
Nonprofits could attract boomer help by offering meaningful opportunities
Boomers, hang your heads in shame.
The government’s annual Volunteering in the United States report came out recently and I’m disappointed to report that both the number and percentage of Americans age 45 to 64 who volunteered in the 12 months ending September 2013 fell from the previous year. (I know, boomers are actually age 49 to 67, but the Bureau of Labor Statistics doesn’t break down the numbers this way.)
The latest figures show that 22.4 million age 45 to 64 volunteered last year, down from 23.4 million in 2012.
The percentage who volunteered dropped to 28.2 percent, from 29.3 percent, for those age 45 to 54 and to 26.0 percent, from 27.6 percent, for Americans 55 to 64.
Those declines roughly matched the overall dip in the U.S. volunteer rate of 1.1 percent.
(MORE: How Generous Are Baby Boomers?)
Why Boomer Volunteering Is Down
What’s the problem? Even putting the year-to-year figures aside, why is it that fewer than a third of my fellow boomers — who often think of themselves as the original giving-back generation — volunteer?
There’s no simple explanation, of course. We’re busy. We need to focus on hanging onto our jobs. We have obligations to our kids and parents. All true.
But I think a key reason is that many boomers haven’t found ways they can volunteer the way they want to, by putting their talents and skills to use, rather than by stuffing envelopes, answering phones and donating food.
Here’s some evidence backing up my contention that boomers like providing meaningful assistance when they volunteer: According to the Volunteering in the United States survey, “tutor or teach" is the tied for the second most popular form of volunteering for Americans 45 to 54 after “collecting, preparing, distributing or serving food.” (It was tied for second place with "fundraise or sell items to raise money.") For those 55 to 64, "provide professional or management assistance, including serving on a board or committee" was the third most popular answer, after the food and fundraising categories.
Revving Up 'Skills-Based' Volunteering
Fortunately, nonprofits and government agencies are starting to get it.
They’re increasingly targeting boomers with what’s known as “skills-based volunteering” opportunities whose jobs are valued at $40 to $500 an hour, far more than traditional volunteering’s $18 to $20 an hour, according to a blog post by Emily Ferstie of United Way for Southeastern Michigan.
In Florida, the city of Hollywood has ramped up what it calls the Boomers Experience and Skills Team, or B.E.S.T.
“It seemed to us that we needed to create something fulfilling and rewarding that would build on the skills and unique talents of boomers," said Raelin Storey, the spokeswoman for Hollywood, which is midway between Miami and Fort Lauderdale. “They want to know that they’re making a difference.”
B.E.S.T. lets boomers use their job training and life skills to “help the area’s unemployed and underemployed residents achieve career success,” Storey said.
Its goal was to get 50 boomer volunteers to train 500 unemployed and underemployed people and also to help run a job fair. The April 2014 job fair was a huge success, attracting more than 550 job seekers and 25 employers.
A Successful 'Calling All Boomers' Meeting
The B.E.S.T. idea has resonated with local midlifers. “At our first ‘calling all boomers’ meeting, 60 people came and some were from the larger Broward County area, not just Hollywood,” Storey said. “We were really pleased.”
Similarly, Lutheran Social Services, which manages the U.S. government’s Senior Corps Program through much of Minnesota, has a pilot project known as Minnesota Boomer Corps. Its goal is to enroll “new, busy boomer volunteers who can commit 10 hours per week” to tutor at-risk children and assist the frail elderly in their own homes.
What Boomers Offer as Volunteers
Wendy Spencer, chief executive of the Corporation for National and Community Service (the federal agency in charge of the U.S. government’s AmeriCorps and Senior Corps programs) thinks boomers are well-suited for skills-based volunteering.
“The thing I love about boomer volunteers is that they offer seasoned experience and lifelong lessons they’ve learned,” Spencer said. “Young people have great skills in technology and social media, but they don’t have the lessons to share that boomers and seniors do.”
Spencer believes nonprofits are increasingly tapping into that strength. “They’re starting to tell their story and doing a better job of recruiting” older volunteers, she said. “And this age group is responding to those cries for help.”
The Volunteer-in-Chief Has Started Volunteering
Spencer, 52, is one of those who stepped up; she has been volunteering for Reading Partners, tutoring an elementary school girl in Washington, D.C.
“My children are out of college and on their own, so I have a sense of relief that my job is done and I can now focus on my interests, such as volunteerism,” Spencer said. “Although I volunteered in the past, there’s a different pep in my step now that I don’t have all the obligations.”
Tips on Finding a Place to Volunteer
Not sure how or where you can offer your skills as a volunteer?
“By midlife, you probably have some sense of what issues matter to you," she told me. "So think about what skills you want to use and look around. Which are the organizations you admire in your own backyard that you think could use some help?”
If you’re concerned about the homeless, for example, Alboher suggests you find out who’s running shelters locally. If you’d like to put your professional skills to use, try pro bono consulting or join a nonprofit’s board.
A few places online where you can find nonprofit opportunities are Next Avenue’s volunteer-matching tool, the Idealist Volunteer Resource Center, Serve.gov, Encore.org, Points of Light, HandsOn Network, AmeriCorps and Senior Corps.
What Volunteering Can Do for You
There are two potential bonuses to volunteering:
1. It can sometimes lead to a paying job, either at the nonprofit or elsewhere. That’s because you’ll likely acquire new skills, make new contacts and demonstrate your value to the group you’re assisting. “Volunteering is the ultimate try-before-you-buy experience for both the individual volunteering and the organization,” Alboher says.
2. It can be good for your health. Studies have shown that volunteering (especially among boomers and older people) can increase your energy, decrease depression, lessen isolation and lower your mortality rate. “I can literally say that you’ll live longer if you volunteer,” Spencer said. | <urn:uuid:1951a8b1-8685-490b-b76c-576086138f3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nextavenue.org/can-we-get-some-volunteers-please/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.957184 | 1,594 | 1.632813 | 2 |
A human resources activist warns that Georgia could join other states in passing employment laws that would be costly to businesses.
Some states are establishing "living wage" laws and creating beefed-up versions of the federal Family and Medical Leave Act to benefit workers.
If similar laws were adopted in Georgia, they would erode the state's reputation as an "employer-friendly" state, said Liz Poythress, the legislative committee chairwoman of the Georgia chapter of the Society for Human Resource Management.
She told the organization's Augusta Area chapter that California is close to passing legislation allowing workers who take time off under the federal Family and Medical Leave Act to collect 55 percent of their wages, instead of taking unpaid leave, during a 12-week period.
"What does that mean to us? Cost, lots of cost," said Mrs. Poythress, who is the wife of former Georgia Department of Labor Commissioner David Poythress.
The retired human resources professional-turned-lobbyist also said an increasing number of local governments have adopted "living wage" laws that require employers to pay workers minimum wages higher than the federal minimum wage, currently $5.15 an hour.
Earlier this month, Alaska passed a law creating a statewide $7.15 per hour minimum wage, which will be adjusted yearly based on the consumer price index in Anchorage. And Baltimore recently adopted a law that will require city contractors to pay their employees at least $10.50 an hour starting in 2003.
"Some states have picked up on this, and there are now 120 communities that have these living wage laws," she said.
South Carolina recently passed a law that prohibits its municipalities from establishing minimum-wage rates that exceed the federal minimum wage.
Mrs. Poythress urged the local group's members to push for similar legislation in Georgia to keep the state's labor force attractive to potential employers.
Reach Damon Cline at (706) 823-3486 or email@example.com.
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us | <urn:uuid:878038b3-44bf-44eb-91cc-0100b916f8fa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/2002/07/25/bus_349546.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00323-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957711 | 426 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Please use these resources to spread the word. Our unifying message and brand will help communicate and promote this important initiative to connect children and families with nature.
Please communicate with our Executive Director, Sarah Coles (email@example.com) or your regional leader before placing the TCiNN logo or Nature Rocks Texas logo on materials. Thank you for all you are doing to connect children and families with nature.
Texas Children in Nature Network Flyer
You can download and print out the TCiNN flyer to use at your events or display at your organization. Each one of the statements on the flyer relates back to the research featured under the "learn" page of this website. Click on the PDF file to get the flyer in English and Spanish.
TCiNN and Nature Rocks Texas Rack Card
The TCiNN and Nature Rocks Texas Rack Card can be handed out at events or placed at your organization's front desk. You can order them through your regional leader or by contacting the state coordinator. Or better yet, down load the PDF below and have as many as you like printed.
Texas Natural Resource / Environmental Literacy Plan
The Texas Natural Resource / Environmental Literacy Plan is a companion plan to the TCiN Strategic Plan.
Top Places in Nature Near You in Austin Document
You can download and print out the Top Places to Spend Time in Nature in Austin flyer to use at your events or display at your organization. Click on the PDF file to get the flyer in English and Spanish.
Child Friendly Plant Guide
You can download this guide from Texas Parks and Wildlife on Child Friendly plants for your outdoor learning space. Also available is a Child Friendly plant symbol that can be used on signage in garden areas and in plant sales. Email Sarah for copy of the Child Friendly Wordmark. | <urn:uuid:56f4da27-cfb9-4514-980e-1ebbea842d14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.texaschildreninnature.org/resources/marketing-materials | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.889252 | 373 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Active ingredients: belatacept
What it is used for
NULOJIX (belatacept) is indicated for prophylaxis of organ rejection in adults receiving a renal transplant. NULOJIX is to be used in combination with basiliximab induction, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids.
How to take it
The way to take this medicine is: Intravenous Infusion.
- Store at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius
- Protect from Light
- Do not Freeze
- Shelf lifetime is 36 Months.
You should seek medical advice in relation to medicines and use only as directed by a healthcare professional.
Always read the label. If symptoms persist see your healthcare professional.
Do I need a prescription?
This medicine is available from a pharmacist and requires a prescription. It is
Pregnant or planning a pregnancy?
For the active ingredient belatacept
You should seek advice from your doctor or pharmacist about taking this medicine. They can help you balance the risks and the benefits of this medicine during pregnancy.
Reporting side effects
You can help ensure medicines are safe by reporting the side effects you experience.
You can report side effects to your doctor, or directly at www.tga.gov.au/reporting-problems | <urn:uuid:7e5ac5af-82df-4117-9547-bc5524103a04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines/brand/amt,699861000168101/nulojix | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.880063 | 282 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Building strategic alliances for business growth
The word “strategic” might have been used many a times in different areas of life but its importance is way more immense and huge as compared to its use. The competitive environment all over in business world has compelled firms to indulge in the strategic alliance. It’s BforB. Building strategic relationships for business is as important as water is to a plant. Strategic alliance helps firms in gaining more with their limited resources.
Strategic alliance can involve both, alliance as whole and the alliance for some resources. The strategic alliances have helped firms to sustain themselves in the business world. There can be a situation in which a firm needs some resources and the constraints involved can make it impossible for the firm to access those resources. Strategic alliance with some other firm to access those resources is the only solution to this problem.
Importance of trust: Strategic alliances can be both, useful or disastrous. The basis for a strong alliance depends on the trust between the firms involved. If any of the partner involved has concerns in the alliance, then the whole alliance can become a flop. This trust can be formed by a proper communication between the firms. Stating the mutual goals and all the shared resources before the alliance can help in gaining the trust of each other. In a nutshell, proper communication between the parties involved helps in building a rock solid trust.
Advantages of a good alliance: A good alliance can help the companies to boost up their profits and revenue. Here are some of the advantages involved and their explanation:
Mutual resources: Development of a strategic alliance between two firms enables them to share their resources. Due to the increased resources, both the partners can achieve their goals much more efficiently and swiftly. This sharing of resources also helps in the growth of employees of both the companies involved.
Growth opportunities: The strategic alliance helps in widening the circle of opportunities for the firms involved. The business networking of one firm can be helpful for the other firm which can create more opportunities. More opportunities result in more chances of success.
Increased scale of production: The increment in the scale of production is one of the main objectives of a strategic alliance. Production scales increase significantly when two companies work together for the goals of each other.
More Customers: When two companies share their resources, they tend to have, almost, the similar objectives. The homogeneity between the companies results in more customers for both the partners involved.
Knowledge sharing:The knowledge in different aspects of businesses can be shared among the firms when they are mutually involved for their growths. More knowledge makes them stronger and more experienced as compared to other competitors in the market.
The strategic alliances between the companies like paramount pictures and 20th century fox resulted in one of the greatest movies of all times “Titanic”. Other alliances like the one between AT&T and MCI have also proved its worth.
Small business in populous cities like Gold Coast or Queensland can gain a lot if they jump into the strategic alliances with other local businesses. Almost all the men and women succeeding in business have classified strategic alliance as success.
Fresh HR Insights is no exception to this rule and have build many strategic Alliance’s over the last 4 years that we have been in Business. We thank each and every business who we have grown and developed with and have below listed some of our HERO’s in business.
Networking with Janet
Arrow Focus on Wealth
BforB Gold Coast North
Mortgage Choice Helensvale | <urn:uuid:7ecaccc0-e2cf-4295-883f-26c91f7c8407> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://freshhrinsights.com.au/building-strategic-alliances-business-growth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.956755 | 721 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Is Oil and Gas Conservation Relevant?
Oil and natural gas are non-renewable sources of energy. There have been numerous attempts to minimize the depletion of these two resources. Scientists have proposed many reasons for the high importance of their conservation.
Oil and natural gas conservation involves the use of these resources in a better and a more well-organized manner with respect to economic, social and ambient expenses and rewards, contributing to more efficient energy utilization practices and the reduction of the damage dealt to the ecosystem.
This article evaluates the ways in which oil and natural gas can be conserved, and describes the expected results of these conservation measures.
Conservation of oil and natural gas remains a problem in many countries around the world. One of the most evident proofs of this is a global increase in its price.
Consequently, each of us faces the responsibility of conserving these scarce resources. This involves the support of governmental oil and natural gas protection policies. Every single family should carry the responsibility of conserving state-owned resources.
In order to control the use of oil and natural gas, governments should implement a number of policies. Moreover, motor vehicle users should be obliged to make sure that their vehicles’ tires are sufficiently inflated. The condition of the tires should be checked at least once a month. By doing this, fuel consumption is decreased by about 3%.
Vehicle users should also plan their route in advance. If possible, people should consider other means of transportation: riding a bicycle, walking or taking a bus whenever possible.
Another important method of energy resource conservation is the consistency of the vehicle’s speed. Statistics show that fuel consumption decreases greatly when one drives at the speed of about 60 km/h. At the same time, lower speed is a safety measure. Drivers are also advised to use air conditioners, as this decreases fuel consumption while driving at high speeds, especially on the highway where the road is smooth.
Conservation of natural gas can be achieved in the following ways:
- Use of compressed natural gas. Natural gas is much safer, since it reduces the production of toxic gases like sulphur and lead. It is also better in terms of mileage and environmental impact reduction
- Both at home and in office it’s better to use the equipment that minimizes heat loss while improving heat absorption. It is also recommended that we turn on the oven only when we are ready to cook
- Solar equipment is great. Sun panels, heaters and cookers that… | <urn:uuid:3b042bf0-2780-4fd9-ad50-5df2137ed056> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.writemypapers.org/examples-and-samples/essay-on-oil-gas-conservation-and-its-relevance-nowadays.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00010-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95225 | 509 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Research by: Sandeep Puri, Rakesh Singh, and Jatin Batra
In October 2020, the managing director of Laurs & Bridz Pharmaceuticals Private Limited was considering changing the company’s sales strategy to reflect the challenges that India’s pharmaceutical industry was facing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The company was also considering launching a new antiviral drug. The COVID-19 pandemic had disrupted many routine sales practices, such as in-person meetings with customers, and had also affected drug distribution. Consequently, the sales team had managed to achieve only 87.4 per cent of its sales targets in the first three quarters, with a mere 9.3 per cent growth over the previous year against a targeted growth rate of 25.1 per cent. The managing director had to consider all factors affecting his company’s sales performance during the COVID-19 crisis. What strategies could he devise to motivate sales managers and representatives facing uneven growth across different zones? Should he revise sales targets this late in the year? What were the pros and cons of launching a new product during these times of market uncertainty?
This case is designed for use in an undergraduate course in a segment on sales management, and is also suitable for a sales management course which discusses sales performance and sales targets. This case will help students understand the importance of setting the right sales targets and considering all relevant factors, including industry growth, market segment growth, enhanced sales force, launch of new products, and various promotional activities. After working through the case and assignment questions, students will be able to:
- understand the various factors affecting sales performance;
- discuss what internal and external factors to consider when setting sales targets;
- understand the process of revising sales targets;
- discuss how sales targets motivate the sales force; and
- discuss the role of marketing strategies in helping the company achieve its sales targets.
To cite this case: Puri, S., Singh, R., & Batra, J. (2021). Laurs & Bridz: Sales targets and antiviral drug launch. Ivey ID: W25457. Ivey Publishing. | <urn:uuid:b3920f16-9394-499f-a632-0df695a42a63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aimleader.aim.edu/article/laurs-birdz-sales-targets-and-antiviral-drug-launch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.955651 | 452 | 1.648438 | 2 |
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If you've turned to coconut oil as your cooking oil of choice at some point in the past week, you're definitely not alone. Used for centuries in various parts of Asia, this fragrant and flavorful oil has surged in popularity in the United States in recent years, and much of the reason people are so drawn to it is because they believe it's healthier than other oils. But as it turns out, coconut oil may not be as healthy as you'd think.В
We got in touch with a registered dietitian to help break down everything you need to know about coconut oil and help you understand why the "healthy" oil likely isn't the nutritional superfood it's often touted as. We'll start with the most important question:
Is coconut oil good for you?
Coconut oil contains a large amount of saturated fat, which has been linked to health problems including heart disease, stroke, and high cholesterol.В
“The higher amounts of saturated fat is the reason why health professionals aren't recommending we overdo it on this one, says New York-based registered dietitian Tracy Lockwood Beckerman, who runs a nutrition practice called Tracy Nutrition. “Studies upon studies have shown that the long term effects of having a diet high in saturated fat can be detrimental for your health.”
Beckerman adds that diets high in saturated fats have been linked with higher levels of LDL (or “bad” cholesterol), which can increase someone's risk of cardiovascular disease. Some researchers question the link between saturated fats and heart disease, but the American Heart Association and the USDA's Dietary Guidelines for Americans both recommend limiting consumption.В
But you don't need to avoid coconut oil altogether. “Cooking with coconut oil can be okay when used in moderation,” Beckerman says. “If you are using coconut oil, please use it sparingly.”
This might mean using it once in a while rather than with every meal, and carefully measuring your serving use to avoid consuming in excess. For a bit of perspective: the American Heart Association recommends consuming no more than 13 grams of saturated fat per day, and one tablespoon of coconut oil contains around 14 grams of saturated fat. It's easy to see how you might go overboard and consume too much without even realizing it.В
You'll also want to remember that just because coconut oil contains the word “coconut” doesn't mean that it's healthy and should be consumed with abandon.В
“The word coconut creates a healthy halo effect which has caused some of my clients to go overboard with it and subsequently unknowingly tack on extra weight,” Beckerman says.
How does coconut oil compare to other cooking oils?
As mentioned, one of the areas where coconut oil really stands apart from other cooking oils is saturated fat content. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Nutrient Database, one tablespoon of coconut oil contains around 120 calories and 14 grams of fat. While olive oil, soy oil, and canola oil all have a similar calorie count, coconut oil differs drastically because it contains 14 grams of saturated fat, whereas these other oils contain 14 grams of unsaturated fat, Beckerman explains.
“We know a high intake of saturated fat is linked to cardiovascular disease and elevated cholesterol, which is why it's recommended to steer closer to the other types of oil,” Beckerman says.В
Should coconut oil be used for cooking?
Unrefined (also known as virgin) coconut oil is a pretty tasty addition to many different foods including vegetable stir fry, eggs, smoothies, and baked granola, due to the oil's noticeable coconut flavor.В
Both refined and unrefined coconut oils have a high smoke point, making them a good choice when you're cooking foods at high temperatures. Beckerman explains that virgin coconut oil, with a smoke point of 350 degrees, is the best type of coconut oil to use for sautГ©ing and baking. Refined coconut oil has a higher smoke point of 400 degrees, which makes it a better choice for frying.В
“Overall, the best option is to choose organic, unrefined, cold pressed, centrifuge extracted coconut oil,” Beckerman says. “And make sure it's from a reputable brand that uses transparent and clear labeling-a product that is making obtrusive claims about their coconut oil is likely just smoke and mirrors.”
Up next: The 8 commandments of healthy eating. | <urn:uuid:18d9a7c3-958d-4324-98b3-84438a213935> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gh.fintantaite.com/345-cooking-with-coconut-oil-may-not-be-as-healthy-as-yo.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.960407 | 1,021 | 2.25 | 2 |
City of Toronto Partners with MusiCounts to Offer New Resources for Aspiring Music Industry Professionals
mars 22, 2022
Today, the City of Toronto and MusiCounts announced the launch of new learning resources for young aspiring music industry professionals. MusiCounts Learn TRACK: Industry Insights is a series of free videos that provide emerging artists and music industry professionals with key information about how to get started in the music industry. TRACK: Industry Insights is launching in celebration of 2022 JUNO Week taking place in Toronto from May 9 -15.
“Toronto is the largest centre for music in Canada and the artists who create music are a vital part of our city's culture. I am pleased to see a new partnership between our City’s Music Office and MusiCounts which will help provide professional development opportunities to those looking to break into the music industry," says Mayor John Tory. "I encourage those interested in any and all parts of the music industry to learn more and to take advantage of this program. We know music is a big economic driver for our city and supporting the talent will help ensure Toronto can come back stronger than ever as we continue our reopening and rebuilding efforts.”
These new resources are an expansion of the existing MusiCounts Learn TRACK Program, powered by RBC, which is an online learning hub aimed at introducing high school students to the scope of career possibilities in the Canadian music industry. TRACK: Industry Insights expands on that by focusing on topics geared towards artist and music business entrepreneurship, and is available to all aspiring young music creators and professionals to help them kick start their careers.
“MusiCounts is proud to partner with the City of Toronto to help connect what happens in the music classroom with what happens in the music industry,” says MusiCounts President, Kristy Fletcher. “MusiCounts Learn TRACK: Industry Insights provides much-needed information to help artists and professionals to get a meaningful start in this exciting and impactful sector.”
TRACK: Industry Insights, Powered by the City of Toronto
Navigating the music industry as a young artist or industry professional can be a daunting task. The MusiCounts Learn TRACK: Industry Insights program aims to support artists and music industry professionals in the early stages of their creative careers with this collection of videos featuring Canadian artists and industry professionals. With topics ranging from music promotion, organizing events, music licensing and music entrepreneurship, the insights offered in this program can be an asset for any emerging artist or industry professional looking to better understand the nuances of this complex and exciting industry.
The video content features an exciting and diverse group of speakers with real-world experience in building careers in the music industry as artists, event producers, licensing professionals, publishers, and more. The industry speakers include artists like Charlotte Cornfield and Phoenix Pagliacci, as well as representatives from Sandbox Studios, Sony Music Publishing, Six Shooter Records, Toronto Downtown Jazz, Wavelength Music, Public Records, Sandbox Studios, Venus Festival, It’s OK*, Long Winter and The Wilders. The videos are all available for free at musicounts.ca/industryinsights. | <urn:uuid:d038a644-68da-4a26-83fe-5fd8da49a311> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://musicounts.ca/fr/posts/city-of-toronto-partners-with-musicounts-to-offer-new-resources-for-aspiring-music-industry-professionals/?back=20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.935062 | 661 | 1.5625 | 2 |
What is the greatest gift or talent a priest can possess? Is it to exhibit compassion, be a good listener, teacher or speaker? Is the answer to be a person of service in outreach to the poor and marginalized in our society? Is the greatest gift to possess significant faith?
Certainly all of these answers at different times would be more than satisfactory, but the one gift that is essential and lies at the base of all of the aforementioned, and many others, is the gift of availability. If we are not available, then any gift we possess cannot be utilized. In fact, any great talent without availability becomes, in essence, a liability.
God’s availability to all of us has been demonstrated throughout salvation history and continues to be manifested each day. The question is: how available are we to God and to His people? It is an uncomfortable yet absolutely necessary issue that must be addressed.
God’s availability stands at the heart of Scripture. He is present to lead and direct, to guide and protect, to teach and, when necessary, to correct. His magnificent gifts, shared with humanity in every conceivable way, are, however, beneficial only because the Lord is available to us. God never hides from us; He is never absent. Rather, He is available, as contemporary parlance says, 24/7.
When the Hebrew people cried out to the Lord, He responded, sending great leaders and prophets to rescue the people from distress or to guide them back to the correct path. When the Israelites in bondage in Egypt cried out, the Lord responded by sending the great deliverer, Moses, who led the people to the door of the Promised Land. When rival forces plagued the people with oppressing armies, God sent judges, such as Gideon, Deborah, and Samson, to restore order and bring victory to Israel.
When the Hebrews needed good leadership to solidify their nation, God raised up David and then his son, Solomon, making Israel a light to the nations. Even when the Kings of Israel and Judah continually disobeyed God, even to the point of idol worship and oppression of the poor, He was available and sent prophets who proclaimed His word of both righteous anger and correct direction.
Even after the infamous Babylonian Exile, God remained available by softening the heart of King Cyrus of Persia, who mandated the return of the Hebrews to their homeland.
God’s availability, manifested through Jesus Christ, is equally apparent. Jesus was present to all, reaching out to the poor and marginalized, challenging the rich and the famous. When lepers, a hemorrhaging woman or a man possessed with many evil spirits sought healing, Jesus was available.
When the Samaritan woman needed someone with whom to discuss her life, Jesus was there. When justice needed to be served in the confrontation between the woman caught in adultery and Jewish religious leaders, once again Jesus was available to correct an injustice.
When Jairus, the Roman centurion, Martha and Mary, or the widow of Naim needed a physical cure, Jesus was available to grant their requests. He was equally available to provide spiritual healing, granting Peter the opportunity to express three times his love for the Lord as a way to atone for his three denials.
God’s availability to humanity is compassionate, constant and always positive, even when correction is necessary. God is available to show us our mistakes and to place us on the proper path; he is equally present to soothe our pain and to pick us up from our failures and, thereby, helping us to overcome adversity. We recall Jesus’ words, “Come to me, all you that are weary and are carrying heavy burdens, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn from me; for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light” (Mt 11:28-30).
God’s availability to us cannot be questioned, but the reverse scenario provides a great challenge for us. How available are we to God and to His people? The Acts of the Apostles provide one of the most famous and significant examples of complete transformation to a total availability to God. Saul of Tarsus was a great persecutor of Christians; he was zealous in his desire and action to destroy the New Way followed by Jesus’ disciples. Yet, when knocked to the ground and temporarily blinded by a great light from the sky, Saul (later Paul) heeded the challenge and completely transformed his life.
It was a complete volte-face, a 360-degree shift in attitude and action. Paul instantly became totally available to God, leading eventually to his three great missionary journeys, to his establishment of nascent Christian communities, and to the composition of his famous letters, which stand at the base of Christian theology.
The Gospels also provide other important examples of people who were available to God. The Evangelists report that, when Jesus called the apostles, they “immediately” left their past lives as fishermen or tax collectors, as well as their families (certainly in the case of Peter). They were available to the Lord. The woman with the hemorrhage, Bartimaeus the blind beggar and even the man possessed by many evil spirits made themselves available to Christ through faith.
Each placed great faith in Jesus; each believed His words and in His power. It was their availability, their openness to Jesus, that brought the cure they desired. Stories abound of the sick and the marginalized who were made themselves available to Jesus. Even the curious, such as Nicodemus, a member of the Jewish ruling Sanhedrin, engaged Jesus in a conversation, an encounter that would have been impossible had the former not been open, that is, available, to Jesus.
God’s availability to us and the clear evidence of how so many people during the time of Jesus were available to Him challenge us to ask how available are we to God? Our busy lives, which only grow more complex and diverse with time, present a major obstacle to our availability. We are so caught up with personal accomplishment or working for the “company” that we are not sufficiently available to our Lord. What part of our day can God claim? Do we give Him five minutes, or do we give Him a full hour? Are we available to family members, friends, colleagues at work or neighbors down the street?
We can become so consumed by our own agenda, one that is often driven by the competitive world in which we live, that availability to others, including God, is something difficult to fit into our schedule. Yet, if the gifts we possess are liabilities if not available to others, then what benefit have we brought to ourselves or to the world? We must set our priorities correctly; availability must be at the top of our list. If we are not available and open, we will never be able to properly utilize the gifts God bestows upon each of us daily.
It might seem odd, but clearly the most important gift we possess is availability. And one thing totally unique about this gift is that all possess equal an amount of it. Surely our specific apostolate, personality, time, and a host of other factors influence our availability. However, availability begins as an attitude, and then is manifested in our words and actions. We all have the common opportunity to be available to others; some because of their situation have more actual time or opportunities to manifest their availability.
God is available to any of us at any moment; we are asked in reply to be open to Him and to His people. If we are courageous enough to take up the challenge and thereby demonstrate our availability, most assuredly our ministry will be enhanced and, more importantly, our reward in heaven will be great.
Father Gribble, C.S.C., a member of Holy Cross Congregation, is a professor of Religious Studies at Stonehill College, Easton, Mass. He has written more than 20 books on American Church history and spirituality. | <urn:uuid:cc72e331-cd1c-402e-bc34-737abd796ff2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.osv.com/TheChurch/ChurchDocuments/Article/TabId/656/ArtMID/13691/ArticleID/13292/Our-Availability-to-God.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00476-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967591 | 1,658 | 2.125 | 2 |
Places of Their Own
African American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century New edition
By (author) Andrew Wiese
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Places of Their Own by Andrew Wiese
Book DescriptionFor most people, the idea of suburbia conjures up images of expansive lawns, backyard barbecues, swingsets, and SUVs - but not African Americans. As this pioneering work demonstrates, the suburbs have provided a home to black residents in increasing numbers for the past hundred years; in the past two decades alone, the numbers have nearly doubled, to just under twelve million. "Places of Their Own" begins a hundred years ago, painting an austere portrait of the conditions that early black residents found in isolated, poor suburbs. Andrew Wiese insists, however, that they moved there by choice, withstanding racism and poverty through efforts to shape the landscape to their own needs. Wiese continues to examine this phenomenon throughout the twentieth century, including, for example, differences between black suburbanization in the North and South. Ultimately, Wiese explores how the civil rights movement emboldened more black families to purchase suburban homes and how the passage of civil rights legislation helped pave the way for today's black middle class. Tracing the precise contours of black migration to the suburbs over the past century, "Places of Their Own" will be a foundational book for anyone interested in the African American experience or the role of race and class in the making of America's suburbs.
Buy Places of Their Own book by Andrew Wiese from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780226896250
(229mm x 180mm x 24mm)
Imprint: University of Chicago Press
Publisher: The University of Chicago Press
Publish Date: 6-Dec-2005
Country of Publication: United States
Books By Author Andrew Wiese
Suburb Reader, Paperback (July 2016)» View all books by Andrew Wiese
Revised edition of The suburb reader, 2006.
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Author Biography - Andrew Wiese
Andrew Wiese is associate professor of history at San Diego State University.
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For every $20 you spend on books, you will receive $1 in Boomerang Bucks loyalty dollars. You can use your Boomerang Bucks as a credit towards a future purchase from Boomerang Books. Note that you must be a Member (free to sign up) and that conditions do apply. | <urn:uuid:77dff344-096e-4152-8a0c-b3f3710c61c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.boomerangbooks.com.au/Places-of-Their-Own/Andrew-Wiese/book_9780226896250.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.864186 | 843 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Review and practice the six syllable types with this bingo activity that incorporates the science of reading into your syllabication instruction. Students identify types of syllables including open and closed syllable types, magic-e, r-controlled syllables, vowel teams, and consonant-le syllables.
These work great with Orton-Gillingham and structured literacy-based reading intervention. Single syllable, multi-syllable, and nonsense word activities are included. Editable calling cards allow for differentiation and custom games. Perfect for any classroom, homeschool, tutoring, and small group.
The ability to accurately identify and decode syllable types increases reading fluency and comprehension.
Look at What’s Included
► 30 unique color syllable types bingo cards. No two cards are alike.
► 30 black and white syllable types bingo cards.
► 224 calling cards with words separated by syllable type so teachers can easily choose the words needed.
► Single syllable, multi-syllable, and nonsense words.
► Editable PowerPoint file so teachers can add customized word lists.
► Syllable types review chart for student reference.
► Free and Bam cards to add extra fun rules to the game. (optional)
► List of words used in the game. | <urn:uuid:5eebaded-32ad-4d14-841f-c56b18a063ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.madebyteachers.com/products/syllable-types-bingo-game-with-editable-cards/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.882296 | 277 | 3.78125 | 4 |
The following story by Sara Gustafson was originally published on the IFPRI-led Food Security Portal for Africa south of the Sahara.
Food and nutrition security (FNS) is a multi-dimensional concept, spanning the agriculture, trade, health, and social sectors. Often, however, policies only address FNS through one lens: that of food production. This could be due to the fact that many FNS stakeholders have a background in agriculture and thus tend to focus on sectoral agricultural issues, says a new report from the FoodSecure project.
The report focuses on net food-importing countries, specifically Burkina Faso and Ethiopia, and examines how FNS is treated in those countries’ policymaking processes. The study’s authors conducted an extensive literature review as well as field interviews with key stakeholders, including government officials, donors, and civil society representatives. The study focused on the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) in Ethiopia and the National Policy on Food and Nutrition Security (Politique nationale de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionelle, or PNSAN) in Burkina Faso, as both of these programs are considered to be FNS-centered. Findings suggest that FNS policies are extremely fragmented between agriculture, nutrition, and social programs.
Ethiopia has made great strides over the past 20 years in reducing poverty and food insecurity; IFPRI’s 2014 Global Hunger Index (GHI) reports that between 1995 and 2014, the country’s GHI score fell from 42.6 to 24.4. However, food insecurity and malnutrition remain a problem, with more than 20 million Ethiopians living with hunger in 2015 and more than 5 million children stunted in 2011.
Burkina Faso also faces persistent poverty and growing hunger, despite sustained economic growth of more than 6 percent per year from 2000 to 2012. The most recent national food security survey, conducted in 2008, reported that one in three households was food insecure, particularly in rural areas. In 2012, 32.9 percent of children in Burkina Faso were stunted, and 88 percent of children under five suffered from anemia caused by micronutrient deficiencies in 2010. Overweight and obesity are also increasing in the country, with 7.7 percent of the population considered overweight in 2010.
According to the study, both Ethiopia’s PSNP and Burkina Faso’s PNSAN, while nominally focused on FNS, are predominantly shaped by the agricultural sector and do not truly take food and nutrition security’s multi-dimensional nature into account. While both countries have built inter-ministerial bodies to try to involve all relevant sectors in the FNS discussion, these groups still tend to be dominated by short-term and agriculture-focused discussions; in addition, FNS-related sectors such as health and nutrition tend to develop their own agendas and frameworks rather than integrating with the agricultural sector.
The report points out, however, that Ethiopia’s PSNP has taken some important steps to shift from a short-term to a more long-term perspective when it comes to FNS policies. By enacting policies that address both transitory food insecurity due to weather or price shocks and chronic food insecurity due to poverty and lack of development, the PSNP has been successful at balancing short-term and long-term responses. Ethiopia’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MoARD) encompasses both social safety nets and disaster risk management, as well as agricultural and food security programs.
On the other hand, Burkina Faso’s National Council on Food Security (CNSA) was designed to prevent food shortages due to cereal production deficits; thus, its focus remains primarily on short-term agricultural needs. This focus is highlighted through the CNSA’s annual response plans, which aim to prevent food crises. These plans are effective at distributing food and mobilizing food security stocks in times of crisis, but fail to address chronic food insecurity and other development challenges, like urban migration, non-agricultural livelihoods, or over-exploitation of natural resources.
The study argues that this agricultural focus persists in many FNS programs because the predominant actors in FNS policymaking tend to be officials from ministries of Agriculture and donors and NGOs involved in agricultural development. In Ethiopia, the study found that many stakeholders view food insecurity as a rural issue. While there is growing recognition that programs need to look beyond supply-side constraints to address more structural and institutional challenges, such as population growth, land tenure issues, and growing urban food insecurity, for now, these voices do not appear to be well-represented in the country’s FNS policy framework.
In Burkina Faso, food insecurity is also seen as predominantly a rural problem. Stakeholders who participated in study interviews tended to defend FNS policies’ agricultural bias by emphasizing Burkina Faso’s vulnerability to climate shocks and dependence on rain-fed agriculture; these challenges are often used to justify a more short-term, emergency response approach rather than FNS policies that focus more on long-term development. For both countries, it will be important to extend the focus of FNS policies from rural areas to consumers in urban populations and to account for both social and nutritional issues.
The paper concludes that, while it is important that countries establish more comprehensive, balanced FNS policies, the structure with which to do so will vary depending on the country context. Some countries may find it more effective to bring FNS under the auspices of their Ministry of Agriculture; others, under the auspices of their Prime Minister or President. Similarly, some countries may be better served by merging their food security and nutrition organizations into one umbrella institution, while others may find it more effective to maintain separate institutions that collaborate closely. Such structural decisions will require policymakers to take into account their specific country’s political and social histories, as well as their institutional capacity.
High-level commitment from both governments and donor organizations will be needed to establish truly multi-dimensional FNS policies. Focus should be put on better integrating emergency responses in times of food crisis with longer term development goals. In addition, strong investment in and support for agriculture, social programs, and nutrition interventions will be key. | <urn:uuid:384e60a4-041c-4241-a39a-be2c784ca000> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ifpri.org/blog/food-and-nutrition-security-programs-too-focused-agriculture | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00468-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948375 | 1,287 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Which of the following is least soluble in ethanol?
The answer is d) 1-pentanol.
Is every alcohol soluble in water?
Methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and t-butyl alcohol are all miscible with water. Alcohols with higher molecular weights tend to be less water-soluble, because the hydrocarbon part of the molecule, which is hydrophobic (“water-hating”), is larger with increased molecular weight.
Which of the following has least solubility?
Among the following compounds, the strontium fluoride has the least solubility. Because, the hydration energy will affect the solubility of the compounds.
Which alcohol is easily soluble in water?
Ethanol, Methanol, n-propyl, isopropyl, and t-butyl alcohols are miscible with water. Moreover, in alcohols, the −OH group is polar and makes them water-soluble. On the other hand, the alkyl chain is non-polar and decreases the solubility of alcohol in water.
Is ethanol soluble in water?
alcohols. …is referred to as a hydrophilic (“water-loving”) group, because it forms hydrogen bonds with water and enhances the solubility of an alcohol in water. Methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and t-butyl alcohol are all miscible with water.
What can dissolve alcohol?
Salt molecules are very charged, so they dissolve easily in water, which has slightly charged molecules. Salt dissolves less easily in alcohol, because alcohol molecules have less charge than water.
Why LICL is soluble in alcohol?
Alcohol forms hydrogen bonding and it also has a covalent character, so it is a polar solvent. So, due to polar nature lithium chloride and magnesium chloride are soluble in polar solvent alcohol.
Does rubbing alcohol dissolve in water?
When you mix the rubbing alcohol with water, the latter’s molecules make hydrogen bonds with the water molecules. The alcohol dissolves in the water to form a homogenous solution, so you cannot distinguish the alcohol and the water anymore.
Why is srf2 least soluble?
Let me give you the solubility of all the chemical mentioned… … ->CaF2: is not soluble in water due to extremely high lattice energy. CaCl2 is fairly soluble in water as it’s lattice energy is lower compared to CaF2.
Which gas is the least soluble in water?
Krypton. Down the group, the solubility of noble gases in water increases so helium is least soluble. | <urn:uuid:b71f4590-1067-449b-bc1b-21ee913f77fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://magicsnewbiewines.com/snacks/what-is-the-least-soluble-alcohol.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.911393 | 569 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Forbes Global 2000 aims to create an overall picture of the world’s mega companies.
Global 2000 analysis has revealed that just over 60 countries worldwide are home to the top 2000 companies, together employing 90 million people worldwide with revenues of $38 trillion, profits of $3 trillion, assets worth $161 trillion and a market value of $44 trillion.
China, for the first time ever, ranks first with the world’s three biggest public companies, with a further two out of the top ten. State-controlled Chinese bank ICBC holds onto its No.1 slot for two years running though, while China Construction Bank now takes second place and Agricultural Bank of China comes third.
The jointly awarded King’s crown for the other five companies in the top ten list goes to the USA (with J.P. Morgan #4, Berkshire Hathaway #5, Exxon Mobile #6, General Electric #7 and Wells Fargo #8). The US is also the country with the most Global 2000 companies with a whopping 564.
In this generalised picture of wealth on a global level, one thing seems out of tune: there’s no overlap with another rank, that of the Best Companies To Work For (source: Great Place to Work®). The criteria are certainly different, of course, though it may seem a little surprising that the wealthiest companies in the world seem to be those that take rather less care of their employees.
In this particular rank, though, the US holds onto its crown with Google and Sas Institute ranking respectively #1 and #2. The other top companies are Netapp, W.l. Gore & Associaties, Belcorp, Microsoft, Marriot, Monsanto, Cisco and American Express (the US, therefore, proves itself to be the leader in harbouring “good for the workers” companies).
Although Global 2000 does not imply that it represents a list of the best companies to work for, just as the Best Companies To Work For list does not rank poorly performing companies, we, nevertheless, hope for a long-awaited overlap of the two listings in 2015. | <urn:uuid:37611181-70f4-4bb7-b980-b9ffd79a02c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.injob.com/career-plan/forbes-global-2000-best-companies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00380-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943091 | 434 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Scotland’s vaccine certification scheme which sees individuals require proof of two vaccinations to gain entry to large events and nightclubs was brought in at the start of October.
Nicola Sturgeon is set to announce next week whether she will extend the scheme to more settings such as cinemas, restaurants, bars and pubs and whether it will include the option or necessity of a negative lateral flow test result for people to gain entry.
A new evidence paper published by the Scottish Government states that extending the vaccine passport scheme to new settings could have a major impact on revenue and footfall, but that this could be offset by including an option of a negative test result.
The paper states: “Options that include proof of negative Covid test results (e.g. lateral flow tests) would offset economic harm to a degree because it would increase the number of potential customers able to access the venues (given that not all people eligible to have double vaccination have done so, for a variety of reasons).
"This would apply to business affected by potential expansion of the scheme, and those that already fall within existing requirements.
“Some businesses may also choose to offer lateral flow tests to customers on arrival, potentially increasing their costs.”
The report states that nightclubs and late night settings falling under the scheme had experienced “substantial reductions in footfall and revenue”, adding that should the scheme be extended this impact could be felt by a “potentially large number of businesses and premises”.
It also quotes stats from one trade body that said its members in the night time industries were experiencing footfall reductions of between 20 and 40 per cent, with falls of revenue between 40 and 50 per cent.
This is alongside “several sources of implementation challenges”, the report states.
There has been a total of 1.5 million downloads of the vaccine passport and the paper states that there is evidence it has improved vaccination rates, describing it as a “relatively slight impact on uptake”.
Among young people aged 18-29, vaccination uptake has increased at a “similar rate to England”, but the report states this was from a higher starting point and demonstrated “important progress”.
The study concludes that the scheme has “likely contributed to a small rise in vaccinations” in younger Scots, and that expanding the scheme could “increase the usefulness of certification” in reducing transmission.
Such a move would also encourage unvaccinated older people to get vaccinated, as well as potentially leading “to a better understanding of the fact that the pandemic is still with us” and poses a threat.
Speaking after the publication of the paper, deputy first minister John Swinney said: “With cases rising gradually and pressures on our NHS, our approach is to keep people safe and get through a challenging winter without having to re-introduce any restrictions.
“This paper provides an update of the evidence of the vaccine certification scheme and focuses on the potential impact of a range of options for expanding it. Our vaccine certification scheme is working well, with venues and events affected continuing to operate and more than 1.5 million downloads of the NHS Covid status app so far.
"We want businesses to remain open throughout the Christmas period so it is sensible to consider options available to expand Covid certification. We will continue to consult with hospitality industry representatives and will set out our proposed approach next week.”
The Scottish Conservatives labelled the report as having failed to provide “concrete proof” the scheme is effective.
Murdo Fraser, the party’s Covid recovery spokesperson, said: “John Swinney continues to insists that the SNP’s vaccine certification scheme is ‘working well’, yet in almost 70 pages of their so-called ‘evidence’ document, the SNP Government have failed to provide concrete proof of the scheme’s effectiveness.
“In contrast, the devastating impact on businesses is all too clear.
“The SNP Government has admitted that night-time venues have faced significant trade losses, rising costs and increased abuse of staff as a result of the existing scheme. Yet they are still considering extending the requirements to over 17,000 additional businesses.
“The fact that this lukewarm report is the best the SNP could conjure up in support of this shambolic policy, should tell you all you need to know. The SNP’s vaccine passport scheme has been a mistake from day one, and this evidence paper offers no convincing grounds for its extension.” | <urn:uuid:d522137e-21a3-45c8-81ee-c0223fb52e2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scotsman.com/health/coronavirus/negative-test-requirement-may-offset-economic-harm-of-vaccine-passport-scheme-3464745 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.960945 | 948 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Markiewicz, Constance Georgine, Countess (märkyāˈvĭts) [key], 1868–1927, Irish politician and patriot. A member of Sinn Féin, she was sentenced to death for her militant part in the Easter Rebellion of 1916 but was released in 1917. The daughter of an Irish baronet, she was married (1900) to a Polish count. In 1918 she was the first woman to be elected to the British House of Commons, but she never took her seat. Instead she sat in the Dáil Éireann until her death.
See her Prison Letters (1934, repr. 1970); biographies by A. Marreco (1967) and S. O'Faoláin (rev. ed. 1968).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:07ae4f42-7a56-481d-9765-fb5748527a6b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/people/markiewicz-constance-georgine-countess.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721027.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00551-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962864 | 185 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Doing arts and crafts projects is relaxing, and perhaps even therapeutic. How can you know which hobby is your best choice? Let the tips below help you to find an arts and crafts project that suits you.
There are quite a few things you can use for crafting. Paper goods are great things to use. Empty rolls for toilet paper or paper towels work, too. Newspapers can even be put to use. Use some creativity in terms of materials or items you typically dispose of, and put them to arts and crafts use instead.
If you have difficulty locating supplies at decent prices, check out thrift stores. You can find many original supplies at Goodwill and other similar stores. You have to check regularly, because the stock moves quickly.
Look for a bead specialty place, like Beadaholic, to find all sorts of supplies for your custom jewelry. Make precious jewelry with their selection of beads and chains. Costume jewelry is a big part of fashion nowadays. If you are interested in designing your own piece, there is a lot of money to be saved, as well as a new addition to go with your wardrobe.
Concentrate on one project presto labels at a time. It is alluring to try a lot of different projects and start a bunch of different things. This procedure will help you avoid unfinished projects. There is no need to rush; don't begin another project until you have finished the one you are working on. This increases the odds that each project will be completed.
Keep your craft supplies organized. There are different ways to do this, but you should pick something that makes sense to you. This will ensure that you can find the supplies you need, and it also helps you work faster. You'll also know what supplies you still have.
When your mortar dries on a mosaic, spray it with Windex and wipe clean. The mortar powder is hard to get out without it and you don't need it gumming up the finish of the final project.
Kids of every age enjoy projects using arts and crafts. Think about what project to start by thinking about the participants. If you are fresh out of ideas, you can ask a friend for some or look for help online.
Take a look around the kitchen if you are looking for craft supplies. You might just be surprised what you'll find there that can be used for crafting. You can get glass jars, foil and lots more. You may even utilize items such as dried beans and pasta.
Use a Spirograph set to show kids how patterns in drawings work. Your kids can actually learn something about wave patterns in the science of physics by watching how pens move through the varying shapes and patterns.
Try to educate kids as they do crafts. Look for teachable moments like having them count something, do math, or learn reading through instructions.
Arts and crafts are enjoyed by people from all aspects of life. Knowing which direction to take is the hard part. Hopefully, this article has helped you in finding your passion. | <urn:uuid:52887438-3bf5-4db0-b7ac-6f501fb14338> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.migente.com/your_page/blog/view_posting.html?pid=4105207&profile_id=8082163&profile_name=sphere98dust&user_id=8082163&username=sphere98dust&preview=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00358-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964166 | 616 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Equilibrium Exchange Rates in Transition Economies
A stylized fact of the transition process is an early profound exchange rate depreciation followed by continuing real appreciation. Absent historical reference points, it is difficult to judge whether the real appreciation is threatening competitiveness. This paper interprets the stylized facts and offers estimates of the equilibrium real exchange rate based on an international comparison of dollar wages and on a study of the dynamics of real exchange rates in several transition economies. The results suggest that the process of real appreciation is a combination of a return to equilibrium following the early overshooting and equilibrium appreciation.
|Date of creation:||01 Nov 1996|
|Date of revision:|
|Contact details of provider:|| Postal: International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC USA|
Phone: (202) 623-7000
Fax: (202) 623-4661
Web page: http://www.imf.org/external/pubind.htm
More information through EDIRC
|Order Information:||Web: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/pubs/ord_info.htm|
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:96/125. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Jim Beardow)or (Hassan Zaidi)
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form. | <urn:uuid:9a2409a5-c113-433b-8b15-02a17ada0e84> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://ideas.repec.org/p/imf/imfwpa/96-125.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00564-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.782926 | 328 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Success in the digital economy relies on being connected – to customers, business partners, the cloud, data centers, mobile devices, applications, smart objects, and more. And the network connection upon which most businesses invariably rely is the Internet.
Given the critical importance of the Internet to modern global businesses, it is imperative that IT professionals are able to ensure optimal performance and reliability of applications from endpoint to endpoint. Yet the tools available for performance monitoring to date have been limited to applications and internal performance within the organization’s infrastructure.
Read this paper to discover why internet performance management is key to maximizing enterprise online performance.
Phil Muncaster reports on China and beyond
Jon Collins’ in-depth look at tech and society
Kathryn Cave looks at the big trends in tech | <urn:uuid:f4bfbb08-3468-4b93-af77-660e9ac8cba1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.idgconnect.com/view_abstract/35909/internet-performance-management-key-maximizing-enterprise-online-performance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00557-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901481 | 158 | 2.046875 | 2 |
9 Mars 2013
Source : The Globe and Mail
Areva plans first nuclear fuel shipment to Japan since Fukushima
MARION DOUET AND RISA MAEDA
PARIS and TOKYO — Reuters
Published Monday, Mar. 04 2013, 3:41 PM EST
Last updated Monday, Mar. 04 2013, 3:44 PM EST
French energy group Areva said it was preparing to send nuclear fuel to Japan for the first time since the Fukushima disaster of March, 2011, a sign of possible restarts of idled Japanese reactors.
The shipment of mixed oxide fuel (MOX) is likely to be controversial in Japan, where public opposition to nuclear power and reactor restarts remains strong in the run-up to the second anniversary of the March 11, 2011 catastrophe.
The fuel will be shipped out of the port of Cherbourg in northern France in early April, according to Greenpeace, an anti-nuclear group. Areva officials declined to comment on the timing.
France’s state-owned nuclear group, whose activities range from uranium mining and enrichment to reactors and waste recycling, said it was in talks with Japanese authorities to prepare a shipment, which had been delayed since the Fukushima meltdowns.
“We believe there could be half a dozen reactors which will restart at the end of 2013 (in Japan),” Areva chief executive officer Luc Oursel told a news briefing on Monday.
The long-ruling Liberal Democratic Party of Japan has returned to power and has said it will reassess the previous government’s decision to abandon atomic power after Fukushima, the worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl in 1986.
A 2011 MOX shipment was destined for Kansai Electric Power Co’s Takahama nuclear plant west of Tokyo, Chubu Electric’s Hamaoka and Tokyo Electric Power’s Fukushima on the eastern coast, according to Greenpeace.
“We suspect that part of the shipment is destined to the same recipients,” Yannick Rousselet, a Greenpeace official, said.
A spokesman at Kansai Electric said the company had no plans for any MOX fuel shipments at this time but confirmed it had been the intended recipient of the 2011 shipment from France.
Kansai Electric uses MOX fuel in the No. 3 unit at Takahama and has plans in place to start using the fuel in the No. 4 reactor there.
Chubu Electric spokesman Akio Miyazaki denied that the utility will be the recipient of the shipment. Chubu’s sole nuclear plant is closed for upgrades to its tsunami defences.
A Tokyo Electric spokesman said the company had no MOX fuel shipment plan in 2011 and no plans to accept the fuel at this time.
Because MOX fuel contains around 7-per-cent plutonium, it is perceived as a national security threat, and special precautions are taken during transportation.
The Fukushima crisis prompted the gradual shutdown of all of Japan’s 50 nuclear reactors until there were none left operating in May, 2012, leaving the country without atomic power for the first time since 1970.
Now two reactors at Kansai Electric’s Ohi plant near Takahama are the only ones operating in Japan so far, and the country has had to resort to imports of fossil fuel to run power stations, pushing it into a record trade deficit.
The decision last June by the previous Democratic Party of Japan government to restart the two reactors weeks after the last full shutdown galvanized the previously dormant anti-nuclear movement, sparking the biggest demonstrations in decades and contributing to the party’s downfall in elections in December.
Media surveys have shown a majority of Japanese want to abandon atomic energy by 2030, if not sooner, which makes it a risky proposition for the new government to restart even the reactors deemed safe.
Utilities and the government, however, are keen to reduce expensive oil and gas imports. Major manufacturers have also called on the government to restart idled nuclear plants. | <urn:uuid:de47584e-7848-4d8d-8d6b-4956b33153c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://fukushima-is-still-news.over-blog.com/article-areva-to-ship-mox-to-japan-recipient-unknown-116023850.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.95285 | 818 | 1.59375 | 2 |
We all feel reluctant at times
In Spring I wrote about a reluctant gardener just starting out and you can read about that here. Well now it’s soon going to get dark and cold and I would imagine some will be even more reluctant so here are 6 tips for you to think about doing before you come inside and close the door till next year.
What if you don’t really want to be out there between now and March and you still want a nice garden next year? I’m not a fan of thinking about gardening as a series of jobs. Hearing or reading about that just makes me feel guilty or lazy or both.
So what is worth doing before winter sets in though?
1. Make a compost corner
Chuck decaying stuff in a corner to make a compost heap cum wildlife home. We need bugs and insects to keep a garden alive and it all starts with the stuff we can’t see and the creepy crawlies. Just throw veg peelings, cardboard, grass, anything green in an out of the way corner and leave it. It’ll turn into a heaving city of tiny bugs that will give your garden the life it needs.
Plant some cheap and cheerful daffodils either in the ground where you can see them from indoors or in some pots, plastic will do, and put them where you can see them. I wrote about that here and here
You needn’t bother planting stuff so far from your back door that you have to walk down the garden, think “oh that looks nice”, and walk back indoors. What’s the point?
3. Don’t tidy
Please leave the leaf litter and the dust and stuff. Just leave it. Step away from the broom and the leaf blower. The bug life so vital for a living garden is lurking and living in that leaf litter, under those wet leaves, in those corners. Leave it alone!!!!
In fact I’m thinking , just leave the poor garden alone. It’s had a funny old year: too hot, too dry, too wet. I’m going to experiment with just leaving it alone and see how it looks come February. If it’s a horrible mess I will own up at once.
4. Plant some tulips
Any time up to Christmas will do. You could even plant them after Christmas if you find them lurking in your shed when you’ve forgotten to plant them. They will still flower in the spring but a bit later. Many tulips don’t flower for more than one year so I buy quite cheap ones from GeeTee Bulb Company
I usually buy some bigger more expensive bulbs for some lovely pots and do my best to protect them from being eaten by squirrels. This year my latest wheeze is to grate very smelly soap around the bulbs and on the top of the pot.
I’ve read that the smell and taste puts them off. I shall report back on its success or failure (probably through a red mist of rage and disappointment).
5. If you’re a reluctant bulb planter
Even easier to pop in are tiny bulbs of anemones, Scilla, muscari, or crocus. Buy them mail order or in bags from a garden centre. They’re the size of a nut and you can poke them in with your finger. It really is worth it. The packet says soak them before planting so that’s why they’re in a bowl of water.
If you want to remember where you planted bulbs you can sprinkle some grit on the area or pop in one little viola or similar to stop yourself digging them up again by mistake.
6. Come indoors and relax
Then come indoors- from where you can watch the birds on your bird feeder that you’re going to think about getting. The birds will come all day every day all through winter. They like seeds and suet nibbles. You may find that watching them becomes one of life’s small joys.
Next year you might not feel reluctant any more – you might feel passionate and quite bonkers like the rest of us.
This Six on a Saturday is part of a theme from gardeners all over the world and you can see more here
If you like tips and ideas for the cottage garden style you might like to follow me by email. My blogs, about one a month, will pop into your inbox. Just put your email into the box at the top of the page. | <urn:uuid:06ea3a7b-39c6-4bcb-970e-05045184507c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://londoncottagegarden.com/the-reluctant-gardener-tips-for-autumn/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.947517 | 954 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Morocco's population is composed of two major ethnic groups: the indigenous Amazighen (Berbers) and the Arabs, who arrived in the 8th century bringing Islam with them. There has been so much intermarriage between Amazighen and Arabs since then that distinctions are largely meaningless.
Prior to the mass exodus of Jews between 1948 and 1967, Morocco also had a population of over 250,000 Jews. Fewer than 5,000 now remain. Evidence of Jewish culture can still be seen in the older towns, especially in the mellah (Jewish quarter).
Click the Play button to hear a Berber man singing as he shapes pieces of marble. Wonderful singing.
We loved our vacation in Morocco.
We loved our vacation in Morocco. The trek completely lived up to our expectations and the third day in the gorge exceeded them. The accommodation was very comfortable, the food was fresh and healthy and, considering the circumstances, very well prepared. However, what made the trip was how knowledgeable, professional and friendly our guide Abdellah Allali was, we ...
Deputy Editor of Harper’s Bazaar, Sasha Slater, travelled with her family to Marrakech and Ouirgane with Lawrence of Morocco in April 2014.
Thank you for taking time to look at this site. Our site is a culmination of my 30 years and my fathers 50 years of experience in Morocco. We really know Morocco and have had the pleasure of making many people's dream trips become reality over the years. It has been my privilege to be asked to manage holidays, weddings and productions for so many fantastic and discerning clients. We remain small and dedicated to providing excellent honest advice to enable you to sit back, relax and enjoy the fun bits without having to manage the unpredictability of this fascinating country.
If you want it done right, look no further! | <urn:uuid:7fabf734-4793-49a5-a0bc-e4c838841e40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.lawrenceofmorocco.com/people/berbers-arabs-jews | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00292-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968473 | 379 | 1.703125 | 2 |
SOURCE: A Grammar of the Latin Language, by D. Yenni (1845) at GoogleBooks. This is just a little joke, not a fable - but it seemed to fit the spirit of Aesop very nicely!
READ OUT LOUD. Choose which marked text you prefer to practice with - macrons or accent marks - and read the text out loud until you feel comfortable and confident. Then, try reading the unmarked text at the bottom. It should be easy for you after practicing with the marked texts. :-)
MACRONS. Here is the text with macrons:
Quīdam flūmen trāiectūrus, equō īnsidēns nāvem cōnscendit. Cum quis causam percontarētur: Festīnō, inquit.
ACCENT MARKS. Here is the text with ecclesiastical accents, plus some color-coding for the words of three or more syllables (blue: penultimate stress; red: antepenultimate stress):
Quidam flumen traiectúrus, equo ínsidens navem conscéndit. Cum quis causam percontarétur: Festíno, inquit.
UNMARKED TEXT. Here is the unmarked text - after practicing with the marked text that you prefer, you should not have any trouble with the unmarked text:
IMAGE. Here is an illustration for the story (image source) showing some horses on board a ship of sorts! | <urn:uuid:0993b3bf-c8e9-494c-858d-603acfa11bc4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ictibus.blogspot.com/2010/03/equus-in-nave-yenni.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00321-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.778918 | 325 | 2.671875 | 3 |
State abbreviation/Postal code: Idaho/ID
Governor: C. L. Butch Otter, R (to Jan. 2019)
Lieut. Governor: Brad Little, R (to Jan. 2019)
Secy. of State: Lawerence Denney, R (to Jan. 2019)
Atty. General: Lawrence Wasden, R (to Jan. 2019)
Treasurer: Ron G. Crane, R (to Jan. 2019)
Organized as territory: March 3, 1863
Entered Union (rank): July 3, 1890 (43)
Present constitution adopted: 1890
Motto: Esto perpetua (It is forever)
Nickname: Gem State
Origin of name: An invented name whose meaning is unknown.
10 largest cities (2014): Boise, 212,303; Nampa, 83,930; Meridian, 80,386; Idaho Falls, 57,899; Pocatello, 54,777; Caldwell, 47,668; Coeur d'Alene, 45,579; 45,158, 44,125; Lewiston, 32,051; Post Falls, 28,651.
Land area: 82,747 sq mi. (214,315 sq km)
Geographic center: In Custer Co., at Custer, SW of Challis
Number of counties: 44, plus small part of Yellowstone National Park
Largest county by population and area: Ada, 408,853 (2014); Idaho, 8,485 sq mi.
State forests: 881,000 ac.
State parks: 30 (43,000+ ac.)
2015 resident population: 1,654,930
2010 resident census population (rank): 1,567,582(39). Male: 785,324 (50.1%); Female: 782,258 (49.9%). White: 1,396,487 (89.1%); Black: 9,810 (0.6%); American Indian: 21,441 (1.4%); Asian: 19,069 (1.2%); Other race: 79,523 (4.2%); Two or more races: 38,935 (2.5%); Hispanic/Latino: 175,901 (11.2%). 2010 population 18 and over: 1,138,510; 65 and over: 194,668 (12.4%); median age: 34.6.
The region was explored by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in 1805–1806. It was then a part of the Oregon country, held jointly by the United States and Great Britain. Boundary disputes with Great Britain were settled by the Oregon Treaty in 1846, and the first permanent U.S. settlement in Idaho was established by the Mormons at Franklin in 1860.
After gold was discovered at Orofino Creek in 1860, prospectors swarmed into the territory, but they left little more than a number of ghost towns.
Mining and lumbering have been important for years. Idaho ranks high among the states in silver, antimony, lead, cobalt, garnet, phosphate rock, vanadium, zinc, and mercury.
Agriculture is a major industry: The state produces about one fourth of the nation's potato crop, as well as wheat, apples, corn, barley, sugar beets, and hops.
The 1990s saw a remarkable growth in the high technology industries, concentrated in the metropolitan Boise area.
With the growth of winter sports, tourism now outranks other industries in revenue. Idaho's many streams and lakes provide fishing, camping, and boating sites. The nation's largest elk herds draw hunters from all over the world, and the famed Sun Valley resort attracts thousands of visitors to its swimming, golfing, and skiing facilities.
Points of interest are the Craters of the Moon National Monument; Nez Percé National Historic Park, which includes many sites visited by Lewis and Clark; and the State Historical Museum in Boise. Other attractions are the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area south of Boise, Hells Canyon on the Idaho-Oregon border, and the Sawtooth National Recreation Area in south-central Idaho.
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National Public Radio Stations | <urn:uuid:1e1369b1-0784-48d7-a6c2-f7a1a8c09625> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.factmonster.com/us-states/idaho.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00046-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889191 | 965 | 1.960938 | 2 |
The "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act" was signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. The Act requires "group health plans" to provide "preventative care and screening" for women, which includes contraceptive services that some religious organizations object to for religious reasons. The Religion Clauses of the First Amendment require a "religious conscience exemption," but the question most commentators have been asking is how broad or narrow would the Obama Administration make this exemption? On August 3, 2011, we found out: narrow.
The long-awaited interim federal regulation proposed that "religious employer" (hence, eligible for the exemption) be defined as one that: "(1) Has the inculcation of religious values as its purpose; (2) primarily employs persons who share its religious tenets; (3) primarily serves persons who share its religious tenets; and (4) is a non-profit organization under [certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code that] refer to churches, their integrated auxiliaries, and conventions or associations of churches, as well as to the exclusively religious activities of any religious order." See 76 Fed. Reg. 46623 (Aug. 3, 2011).
Some suggest that this is the narrowest religious exemption ever adopted in federal law. It is undoubtedly narrower than the exemption for religious employers under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Title VII permits religious organizations to discriminate "with respect to the employment of individuals of a particular religion to perform work connected with the carrying on by such [religious organization] of its activities." See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-1(a). Thus, a religious college may choose to hire professors of the same religion to advance the college's religious mission.
This example highlights how narrow the regulation is. Most religious organizations would fail at least three of the four elements: they do not have "inculcation of religious values as [their] purpose," they do not "primarily serve persons who share [their] religious tenets," and they do not qualify as "churches" or related organizations under the Code. At most, and consistent with Title VII, many religious entities hire like-minded employees to carry out their religious mission.
Religious organizations that provide services to the general public—like hospitals, adoption services, soup kitchens, prison ministries, and many others—are excluded under the third part of the regulation. This result runs contrary to President Obama's Executive Order regarding "Fundamental Principles and Policymaking Criteria" for government partnerships with faith-based organizations, which states that "[a]ll organizations that receive federal financial assistance under social service programs should be prohibited from discriminating against beneficiaries or prospective beneficiaries of the social service programs on the basis of religion or religious belief." Executive Order 13559, sec. 2(d). See also 45 C.F.R. § 87.2(e) (implementing this principle for Health and Human Services formula and block grants).
Comments are being taken by the Department of Labor or the Department of Health and Human Services. The Federal Register discusses the numerous ways a person can make a comment to either of these two federal agencies. See 76 Fed. Reg. 46623 (Aug. 3, 2011). Many religious groups have voiced their opposition to this narrow definition. Time will tell whether it will be changed. | <urn:uuid:48ddff4b-c3ab-4b70-bccd-b125a8c1b032> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.lrrc.com/Religious-Employer-Exemption-under-the-Federal-Mandate-for-All-Health-Plans-09-28-2011 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00335-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957752 | 680 | 2.125 | 2 |
WASHINGTON (CN) - The U.S. economy added 151,000 jobs in October, and the unemployment rate held steady at 9.6 percent, according to preliminary data released Friday by the Department of Labor. The unemployment rate has remained essentially unchanged since May.
A total of 14.8 million Americans were unemployed in October.
Private sector employment grew by 159,000 jobs last month, while the government shed 8,000 jobs. The slight uptick largely reflected increases in service jobs. In October, the temporary help services sector added 35,000 jobs, retailers added 28,000 jobs, the health care sector added 24,000 jobs, and the computer systems design and related services industry added 8,000 jobs. The mining industry added 8,000 jobs last month.
In the leisure and hospitality industry, the arts, entertainment and recreation sector lost 26,000 jobs in October, while the food services and drinking places sector added 24,000 jobs.
Since December 2009, the private sector has added 1.1 million jobs. By contrast, the economy lost 8 million jobs in 2008 and 2009.
Employment in the manufacturing sector has remained stagnant since May. The industry lost 7,000 jobs in October.
The number of people jobless for six months or longer remained at 6.2 million, or nearly 42 percent of those unemployed.
The number of involuntary part-time workers, forced to work part-time because their hours have been cut back or they were unable to find a full-time job, fell by 318,000 to 9.2 million.
The number of discouraged workers, or those not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available to them, is at 1.2 million.
Government employment remained largely unchanged in October. Local government, excluding education, shed 14,000 jobs. Temporary 2010 Census jobs fell by 5,000, leaving 1,000 Census workers.
According to revised data, the economy lost 41,000 jobs in September, as opposed to 95,000.
In response to the "disappointingly slow" economic recovery, the Federal Reserve on Wednesday announced its plan to purchase $600 billion in long-term Treasury bonds over the next eight months in an effort to spur economic growth.
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Sign up for the Top 8, a roundup of the day's top stories delivered directly to your inbox Monday through Friday. | <urn:uuid:e82fddcb-046f-4119-b22e-8f352674859c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.courthousenews.com/u-s-economy-adds151000-jobs-in-october/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.957151 | 488 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Want to quit smoking? Eat your veggies
If you’re trying to quit smoking, eating more fruits and vegetables may help you quit and stay tobacco-free for longer, according to a new study published online by UB researchers.
The paper, in the journal Nicotine and Tobacco Research, is the first longitudinal study on the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and smoking cessation.
The authors, from UB’s School of Public Health and Health Professions, surveyed 1,000 smokers aged 25 and older from around the country using random-digit dialing telephone interviews. They followed up with the respondents 14 months later to see if they had abstained from tobacco use during the previous month.
“Other studies have taken a snapshot approach, asking smokers and nonsmokers about their diets,” says Gary A. Giovino, chair of the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior at UB. “We knew from our previous work that people who were abstinent from cigarettes for less than six months consumed more fruits and vegetables than those who still smoked. What we didn’t know was whether recent quitters increased their fruit and vegetable consumption or if smokers who ate more fruits and vegetables were more likely to quit.”
The UB study found that smokers who consumed the most fruit and vegetables were three times more likely to be tobacco-free for at least 30 days at follow-up than those consuming the lowest amount of fruits and vegetables. These findings persisted even when adjustments were made to take into account age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, household income and health orientation.
They also found that smokers with higher fruit and vegetable consumption smoked fewer cigarettes per day, waited longer to smoke their first cigarette of the day and scored lower on a common test of nicotine dependence.
“We may have identified a new tool that can help people quit smoking,” says Jeffrey P. Haibach, first author on the paper and a graduate research assistant in the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior. “Granted, this is just an observational study, but improving one’s diet may facilitate quitting.”
Several explanations are possible, such as less nicotine dependence for people who consume a lot of fruits and vegetables or the fact that higher fiber consumption from fruits and vegetables make people feel fuller.
“It is also possible that fruits and vegetables give people more of a feeling of satiety or fullness so that they feel less of a need to smoke since smokers sometimes confuse hunger with an urge to smoke,” explains Haibach.
And unlike some foods that are known to enhance the taste of tobacco, such as meats, caffeinated beverages and alcohol, fruits and vegetables do not enhance the taste of tobacco.
“Foods like fruit and vegetables may actually worsen the taste of cigarettes,” says Haibach.
While smoking rates in the U.S. continue to decline, Giovino notes, the rate of that decline has slowed during the past decade or so. “Nineteen percent of Americans still smoke cigarettes, but most of them want to quit,” he says.
Add Haibach: “It’s possible that an improved diet could be an important item to add to the list of measures to help smokers quit. We certainly need to continue efforts to encourage people to quit and help them succeed, including proven approaches like quitlines, policies such as tobacco-tax increases and smoke-free laws, and effective media campaigns.”
The UB researchers caution that more research is needed to determine if these findings replicate and if they do, to identify the mechanisms that explain how fruit and vegetable consumption may help smokers quit. They also see a need for research on other dietary components and smoking cessation.
Gregory G. Homish, assistant professor in the Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, also is a co-author.
Funding was provided by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and Legacy®. | <urn:uuid:fe4ac635-c78c-4d02-96b6-0a5fa97c0c66> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.buffalo.edu/ubreporter/archive/2012_06_14/smoking_fruits_vegs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00187-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96437 | 814 | 2.8125 | 3 |
The Joint Planning Commission of Lehigh-Northampton Counties last night objected to two companies from outside the Lehigh Valley dumping their wastes at the Grand Central Landfill in Plainfield Township.
In addition, the JPC voiced approval of a second Pennsylvania Turnpike tunnel through Blue Mountain.
The commission approved two letters to DER opposing plans by Merck Sharp & Dohme, a Montgomery County pharmaceuticals manufacturer, and A.E. Staley Manufacturing Co., a Bucks County corn syrup manufacturer, to bring their wastes to Grand Central.
According to the JPC, the Merck Sharp & Dohme operation would generate 1,400 tons a year of waste, mostly incinerator residue.
The A.E. Staley waste was reported to be about 25,000 tons of carbon ash and coal ash scrubber waste.
In both cases, Chief Planner Allen O'Dell wrote to the state Department of Environmental Resources (DER), noting that the companies' wastes "represent a considerable volume . . . from an area which has not utilized waste disposal facilities in our two counties in the past. Theaddition of these waste streams . . . would further aggravate our shortfall of waste disposal capacity."
Planner Olev Taremae recommended that Staley "look to put (the waste ash) in quarries if it can be done in an environmentally safe manner." O'Dell's letter indicated that method of disposal has been used safely in the past.
The JPC is regularly asked to give its opinion to the DER concerning applications to add waste to area landfills.
The JPC also opposed a plan by Tyler Pipe Co. of Macungie to dump almost 10,000 tons of non-hazardous waste, including slag and sand, in the Chrin Landfill. The Tyler plan is before the DER.
Leon Q. Neimeyer, purchasing and industrial relations manager for Tyler, told the JPC that, in the past, the wastes have been used as fill for roads and playgrounds. However, subsequent DER regulations prohibit everything but disposing of the waste in a landfill.
JPC members seemed to sympathize with Neimeyer but approved the JPC staff comments to oppose the application because the Chrin landfill is full.
In other business, the JPC received an informational report listing the costs and benefits of building a bypass or a second tunnel for the Pennsylvania Turnpike at the Blue Mountain. JPC members were not required to take action, but voted to write the letter saying that, if any action is taken, the JPC would support the less disruptive tunnel option.
Jim Creedon, director of the Lehigh County Department of Planning and Development, also made a presentation on the county's pretreatment plant proposal. No action was required on the issue. | <urn:uuid:15a1be26-9511-4945-b506-88b408dcfc44> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articles.mcall.com/1985-03-29/news/2451740_1_jpc-area-landfills-disposal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00332-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948014 | 580 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Business closures due to the coronavirus pandemic have required many companies to consider budget cuts, including laying off or furloughing employees. Companies from Macy’s and JCPenney to GE and Tesla have announced that they have furloughed thousands of employees, even those with the best jobs, leaving many workers wondering how to make money during this time.
Mass furloughs and layoffs have left many Americans concerned about their finances. In fact, a recent FinanceBuzz study revealed that more Americans are worried about our finances than about catching the coronavirus. Various reports have shown that anywhere from 59% to 78% of Americans were living paycheck to paycheck before the pandemic shut down the economy, which means most of us had little savings to rely on.
If you’ve been furloughed or are worried that changes are coming to your employment status, you may be wondering whether it’s better to be furloughed or laid off. This knowledge could help you better weather a financial setback. With that in mind, we’re here to answer all your questions about furloughs versus layoffs, so you’ll know what to expect and how to handle it.
What’s the difference: furlough vs. layoff
A furlough is a mandatory leave of absence from your job. It is a temporary separation from work during which you will not receive pay, but you are expected to return to work at the end of the furlough period. A furlough could mean you take unpaid leave for one day a week or a couple weeks during the year, or it could involve not coming in to work at all, as is the present case for many people.
A layoff, on the other hand, is more likely to be permanent. There is such a thing as a temporary layoff, though, which is not that different from the type of full-scale furloughs we are seeing right now, and this is why the terms have become confusing. Regardless, if you have just been laid off, then you are likely seeking employment elsewhere and are no longer receiving your company’s benefits. Furloughed workers often continue to receive certain employment benefits.
Additionally, being laid off is different from being fired. Layoffs generally occur because the business can no longer afford to pay certain employees, whereas an employee can be fired for a variety of reasons. Layoffs primarily refer to situations in which the employee is not to blame for being released from their job.
Why do companies furlough employees?
Companies often choose to furlough employees as a cost-saving measure when economic conditions, such as the current crisis, threaten to hurt their profits. For example, Macy’s lost the majority of its business when it closed its 775 stores, so the company made the decision to furlough most of its 125,000 employees.
Companies often prefer to use furloughs rather than mass layoffs because it’s less costly to bring back their employees after a period of time than it is to train new employees for those roles once business returns to normal.
How does furlough work for you?
When a company furloughs workers, those workers are mandated to cease working and do not receive pay. Many business owners choose to maintain certain benefits for furloughed workers, such as health insurance and 401(k) contributions, though there’s no law requiring it. Keeping these benefits can be extremely helpful for employees facing a long furlough, who would otherwise have to pay high premiums to continue their health benefits through COBRA or find an Affordable Care Act plan that can work for them.
Some companies regularly furlough employees due to the seasonality of their businesses or due to government budget shortfalls. But as there’s still no telling what will happen with stay-at-home orders across the U.S., there’s no way to know for sure how long coronavirus-related furloughs will last.
Rules regarding furloughs vary by state and jurisdiction. The federal WARN Act requires companies with more than 100 employees to announce furloughs 60 days in advance if they affect more than 50 employees. And some states have more robust laws than that; for example, in California, any furlough lasting 30 days or longer and affecting 50 or more employees requires notice.
But although certain furloughs require notice to workers under the law, it’s likely that requirement will be waived due to the pandemic. That’s because the WARN Act contains an exemption for unforeseen circumstances. Also keep in mind that some companies may choose to move from furloughs to layoffs in the future if they can’t recoup the funds needed to rehire their entire workforce.
Can you collect unemployment if you’ve been furloughed?
Yes, you can collect unemployment if you have been furloughed. Rules for furloughed employees vary according to state laws, but under the CARES Act, unemployment benefits are extended to include all furloughed employees. The stimulus package also adds an additional $600 in weekly payouts through July 31, 2020. Furloughed employees will also be able to collect benefits for an additional 13 weeks.
The rules for unemployment are complicated in many states, but through the CARES Act, the federal government is working to ensure protection for anyone who has been separated from their job due to COVID-19. This now includes part-time workers and freelancers, not just full-time employees. To find out how to apply for unemployment in your state, check out our state-by-state guide to unemployment benefits.
FAQs about being furloughed
Can you work another job while on furlough?
Yes. Furloughed employees are allowed to look for and accept other work while they are furloughed. Now could be a great time to pick up a side hustle to tide you over until your job returns. Just keep in mind that if you obtain other work and have money coming in, this will impact your unemployment benefits.
Do you accrue leave while on furlough?
Although there is no legal requirement that you will continue to accrue paid time off while on furlough, some companies may be contractually obligated to continue to provide this benefit. Furthermore, some employers may force workers to take paid sick leave or vacation time during their furlough; others may allow workers to choose whether to use their available PTO.
Can you put salaried employees on furlough?
Companies may furlough salaried employees without pay so long as they do not work at all during the furlough. Although hourly employees are paid only for the hours they work, salaried employees must be paid their full weekly salary for every week that they put in any work. So if an employee works on a Monday and is put on furlough the next day, they still need to be paid their full salary for that week.
For this reason, salaried employees are likely to be asked not to come in at all during a furlough. Hourly employees can sometimes experience more limited furloughs, such as a worker being furloughed one day a week due to budget shortfalls.
How do companies decide whom to furlough?
In the case of the novel coronavirus pandemic, many companies are choosing to furlough all non-essential workers as both a cost-saving measure and a safety precaution. Some businesses may choose company-wide furloughs; others will furlough certain departments most impacted by closures and drops in consumer demand. Regardless, when it comes to who is furloughed, these decisions are based on the individual company’s needs.
The bottom line
Whether you’ve been furloughed or laid off, there is help available. Evaluating your emergency fund, applying for unemployment, and contacting your creditors are just a few of the things you can do to be proactive about your finances during this difficult time.
Both furloughs and layoffs can be financially devastating, but there are certainly advantages to being furloughed. You may be able to retain some of your employee benefits, and it’s likely you’ll be able to get back to work more quickly once the coronavirus crisis has ended.
But even if you are experiencing job loss and trying to cope with financial stress as well as look for a new job, know that your present circumstance will not be permanent. The economy will recover and hiring will begin again. Until then, trim your budget, use available resources, and stay safe. | <urn:uuid:a085d312-6806-44de-b873-d8aa4cb053b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://financebuzz.com/furlough-vs-laid-off | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.966171 | 1,811 | 1.851563 | 2 |
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Dry riverbed in the Libya Montes highland region
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A dry rocky river bed, in the shape of a narrow channel, lying in a larger valley in the Libya Montes highland region. The perspective view is eggagerated in 3D (view looking northeast). Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum).
HRSC - the High Resolution Stereo Camera
Video: Flight over the Libya Montes region (Quicktime, high-res)
Video: Flight over the Libya Montes region (MPEG4, low resolution)
DLR Institute of Planetary Research / HRSC
DLR Reg. Planetary Image Facility (RPIF)
ESA Portal / Mars Express & HRSC
FU Berlin, Institute for Geosciences
Copyright © 2017 German Aerospace Center (DLR). All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:2956bac9-324d-4e5b-b822-b7e9a63bd714> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dlr.de/mars/en/DesktopDefault.aspx/tabid-384/1357_read-2916/gallery-1/gallery_read-Image.8.1502/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00289-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.656798 | 211 | 2.390625 | 2 |
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