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Fathers rights in Louisiana have been established by laws. Fathers have the same rights as mothers do. These legal rights relate to paternity, custody and child support.
Paternity: The law gives you the right to request a paternity test in order to establish that you are the father. If paternity is in dispute, this is the place to begin.
Custody: Louisiana fathers rights give you the right to seek custody of your children. Custody may be joint, sole or simply protect your ongoing, regular visitation rights with your kids. Your custodial rights also include your input on all major decisions related to your children including their education, religious upbringing or medical care if required.
Child Support: The law in Louisiana gives you the right to seek child support from the mother if you have sole or joint physical custody of the children. A request is made to the court, and the court determines how much child support should be paid, if any.
These are your Louisiana fathers rights. If you need help in obtaining them, contact a lawyer with expertise in working for the rights of fathers in Louisiana.
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Possibly the only thing in Japan that isn’t completely punctual is the advent of cherry blossom flowering. The more I read about timing one’s trip to ensure that you experience cherry blossom season, the more emphatic the advice to just turn up and focus on enjoying Japan as a whole. Such is the transient window of catching these flowering trees in their prime.
Monitoring the advent of cherry blossom season is taken seriously. The Japanese have a television forecast for cherry blossom season, provided by the country’s Meteorological Agency. The blossoms move north in a “sakura zensen”, or cherry blossom ‘front’, and its progress is keenly tracked. The blooming time of cherry trees differs from year to year depending on the weather. If the weather during the months and weeks preceding the cherry blossom season is mild, blossoms will open early. If it is cold, blossoms will open later. From year to year, the start of the blooming season can vary by as much as two weeks. Hence the obsession with when and where the sakura are expected to open (kaika) and reach full bloom (mankai).
We arrived in early April a little nervous that we would have missed the show because Instagrammers had started posting images of the blooms in late February 😳
As it turned out our timing couldn’t have been more perfect. The season was early in Tokyo, our first stop and late in Kyoto, our last stop. Checking into our Tokyo hotel on our first afternoon in Japan, the helpful manager urged us out immediately to Ueno Park.
So what is this national obsession with these fluffy pink and white buds?
In Japan, all four seasons are highly cherished and celebrated, which is one of the main principles of Shinto. Aside from the fact that it’s the country’s national flower, cherry blossoms are a symbolic flower of the spring, a time of renewal, and draw attention to the fleeting nature of life. The life-span of a cherry blossom is heartbreakingly brief. After their beauty peaks within a two week period, the blossoms start to fall to the ground. During Spring, significant areas across Japan become a dreamy pink landscape, almost ethereal under the delicate flowers. The Japanese people embrace this seasonal change and even incorporate cherry blossom flavours in the food, sweets and snacks.
The cherry blossom known as ‘sakura’, has been celebrated in Japan for many centuries and holds a very particular place in Japanese culture. The tradition of embracing, enjoying and viewing cherry blossoms is called ‘hanami’ and has been going on for many hundreds of years. The floral imagery permeates Japanese paintings, film and poetry dating back to AD 759.
Although there are many varities of cherry tree in Japan (something like 200 varieties) most bloom for just a couple of days in spring. The Japanese celebrate this time of the year with hanami parties: friends, family or work colleagues gather and sit on blankets or mats under the blossoming trees, to drink beer and saké, to share bento boxes, to sing, chat or just laze around admiring the spectacle beneath giant, feathery canopies of soft pink.
There is plenty of sakura-themed food and drink on offer at this time of the year. From cherry blossom cream puffs and pink ice creams to cherry flavoured tea, just about everything you can imagine has a dose of added ‘sakura’ for you to enjoy. (At our Ryokan in Nikko our attention was drawn to the Sakura-flavoured salt on offer.) There are fake cherry blossom branches decorating train stations and restaurants whilst anything that can be, is temporarily themed pink! I just love the way millions of people take time to appreciate nature, immersing themselves this way.
Even at night, viewing spots are crowded with people enjoying the blossoms in a beautiful, romantic atmosphere. Couples and groups go at night to enjoy the special mood created by cherry blossoms. Hanami at night is called yozakura. On such occasions, paper lanterns are hung in the trees to light up the night – a spectacular sight. We particularly enjoyed the pop-up champagne bars where you could sip a flute of pink bubbles and nibble on juicy strawberries
In our last weeks we were able to witness the falling cherry blossom snow, known as ‘hanafubuki’ which aptly means “flower snow storm”. And it really does looks like it’s snowing cherry blossom petals, with drifts forming on the ground and coating the surface of the lakes and streams. I was left with a slightly nostalgic feeling that the season was almost over, reminding me of the Japanese observance of the ephemeral nature of all living things 🌸
“One day we strolled down the Philosopher’s Path, which proved as enchanting as I had hoped in the fragrant pink bloom of spring. Since ancient times, the Japanese have heralded the arrival of the cherry blossoms because they symbolize the ephemeral beauty of life.
But it isn’t just the three or four days of open flowers that stirs the senses. It is their arrival and departure. Looking at a bud about to burst open offers the pleasurable anticipation of rebirth, while the soft scattering of petals on the ground is often considered the most beautiful stage of all because it represents the death of the flowers.”
Victoria Abbott Riccardi, “Untangling my Chopsticks”
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Democrats have said they can cut Medicare spending without touching seniors’ benefits. But here’s the reality: They can’t get several hundred billion dollars out of Medicare without at least some beneficiaries taking a hit.
And that could be a big problem if the framework for a fiscal cliff deal calls for $400 billion in entitlement savings — most of which would be likely to come from Medicare.
Story Continued Below
Republicans insist that entitlements should be part of a deal because they’re the largest drivers of the nation’s debt. But Democrats insist they won’t agree to any Medicare savings that would trim benefits — and that’s exactly what would happen with some of the biggest savings options that have circulated in recent years.
POLITICO has reported that $400 billion in entitlement savings is likely to be the floor in an eventual deal and that the Medicare cuts are likely to be a combination of raising the eligibility age, means testing and “efficiencies.”
But if President Barack Obama and Congress do agree to phase in a higher eligibility age — which, technically, wouldn’t touch “benefits” — many of those near-retirees would have to pay more for their health coverage. And if health care providers get hit with another round of cuts — the other big potential source of savings — in addition to the ones already on the way in the health care law, they’re warning that some of them won’t survive.
Here are some of the biggest cost-saving options:
Increase the Medicare eligibility age from 65 to 67: $148 billion
Most Democrats on Capitol Hill have lined up against the idea, arguing that doing so would leave 66- and 67-year-olds without access to affordable coverage. Plus, the 66- and 67-year-olds aren’t the ones sinking the Medicare trust fund; they’re typically the cheapest beneficiaries.
But they likely would become the costliest in the private insurance market, which could make coverage hard to find if they don’t already have it through the workplace — and they’d probably have to pay more out of pocket than they would under Medicare.
“Many of the people who would otherwise have enrolled in Medicare would face higher premiums for health insurance, higher out-of-pocket costs for health care, or both,” the Congressional Budget Office wrote in a January analysis of the idea.
An ABC News/Washington Post poll released Wednesday shows that 67 percent of people surveyed oppose the idea, too.
But many Republicans back the idea, and it was included in House Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan’s budget. They say Medicare needs to adjust to the times. In 1965, 65 was old. Today, it’s not.
And they have one prominent supporter: Obama tentatively agreed to raise the eligibility age during his summer 2011 debt ceiling negotiations with House Speaker John Boehner.
Ryan’s plan would have pushed off any changes for 10 years and then gradually increased the eligibility age over 10 years.
Increasing the Medicare Part B premium to 35 percent of costs: $241 billion
This is by far the biggest saver — but it’s also one that would clearly violate the Democrats’ pledge not to shift costs to seniors.
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LILONGWE, MALAWI —
Malawians from across the country on Sunday celebrated the 50-year anniversary of their country's independence from Britain with traditional dances, an international friendly football match and prayers.
The national event was held at Civo Stadium in the capital Lilongwe, where representatives from various neighboring countries were in attendance. So were tens of thousands of people who were ferried in by government vehicles from across the country to view the events.
The celebrations coincided with the 20-year anniversary of the introduction of multi-party politics. A day-long series of events started Sunday morning with a national prayer service at Bingu International Conference Centre in Lilongwe.
Clergy from various dominations prayed for peace and prosperity for Malawi, one of Africa’s poorest countries, and one of the world’s least developed.
Statistics show that more than 65 percent of Malawians still live below the poverty level – which is less than $2 per day.
Bishop leads prayer for the poor
Bishop Joseph Bvumbwe was among those leading the prayer service.
“We pray, heavenly Father, that it is time we put to end all the sufferings of our people, so that they will taste the real meaning of independence as envisioned by those leaders who have gone before us. We pray, Lord, that fifty years may teach us to realize that this should have been the time we developed our nation.”
Bvumbwe urged political leaders to unite in developing the country for the next five decades and avoid divisive politics that would prevent development.
The celebrations at Civo Stadium ended with dances, concerts, and police and army parades.
Not all Malawians supported what they viewed as celebrations that were too expensive for a poor country. They said the bill – about $370,000 – could have been used to fund pro-poor initiatives.
On Saturday, a column in a local weekly newspaper complained that instead of celebrating, Malawians should be mourning because no progress was made over the past five decades.
Malawi’s new president replies to critics
In his speech at the event, President Peter Mutharika replied to the article.
“When this country became independent in 1964, there was only 60 miles of tarmac road,” said Mr. Mutharika. “Now, we have 200 miles of tarmac roads. Isn’t that progress? When this country became independent, there was not a single university; now we have close to 11 universities. When this country became independent, we had four and half million people; we now have 14 million people, and the economy is able to sustain those 14 million people”
Mr. Mutharika said that those countries which have developed have relied on hard work, and he called on Malawians to roll up their sleeves in unity and with patriotism.
He urged those who only work from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. and get paid for an eight-hour day to work a full day for a full day’s pay. “For those who are self-employed make sure that you are working for the benefit of this country.’
Mr. Mutharika also echoed the words of spoken by President John Kennedy at his 1963 U.S. inaugural. “As a great American John F Kennedy said, ‘Ask not what a country can do for your but what you can do for your country.’”
A friendly football match between the national team of Mozambique and Malawi ended in a one-all draw.
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The source code of Fresh (and FreshLib) is managed using Fossil repository.
The repository has web access on the following page: Fresh IDE repository.
The system contains source browser, bug tracker and Wiki.
You can simply visit the above link, browse the source, report some bug, request some feature and track the latest work versions.
You also can clone the whole repository and use it offline on your computer. Use following fossil command:
fossil clone https://fresh.flatassembler.net/fossil/repo/fresh Fresh.fossil
If you want to help in development and want to commit some changes to the source - simply contact me with request for password.
If you want simply to obtain the latest bleeding edge version of Fresh IDE, without cloning the whole repository, there is another way, but it works only for Linux/UNIX OS.
Download the following bash script: bleeding_edge_fresh.tar.gz
Unpack it, place it in an empty directory, where you want Fresh IDE to be installed and run it from the console.
The script will automatically download, compile and install the latest version from the Fresh IDE source repository. The script also will check for all programs needed and will notice you if some package needs to be installed.
Last modified on: 18.10.2016 10:09:19
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Jul 30, 2011, 10:41 AM
Post #6 of 7
Re: [albatros] HTML::Parser to strip HTML
[In reply to]
Solution suggested by you (strip text after create file) is not a good idea for me, as well can use SED, PERL or other programs for strip part of text from created file, but I want a solution within the my perl program to simplify things.
Thanks anyway for your interest and answers to my questions.
CPAN can release new modules all day, but I still stand by regex replacement. Regular Expressions can and will remove any HTML tags from a file when done properly. Read each line, and use a regex expression that removes the accompanying HTML directives.
*edit* can and will remove any HTML tags from a string in your case?
*posteditedit* There are scripts that currently exist for this, I used one provided back in early 2000 so I would assume they are probably in-depth enough at this point to remove anything HTML based in an HTML file.
(This post was edited by kasuals on Jul 30, 2011, 10:47 AM)
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Public Relation Is Much Better Weapon Than Advertising
Branding is important. A effective brand might make any company, or any products or services hugely better to market. Branding could be the emotional binge the customer feels when thinking about your product or service or possibly your organisation.
Many occasions, we view entrepreneurs discard lots of money, trying to grow their companies with some other branding techniques, searching at others carrying it out. Many organizations, whether they are small or big, are really confused where and how to allocate marketing funds to create the organization, drive sales while growing revenue. Now, Pr (PR) and Advertising will be the two primary arms of advertising that could solve this problem.
Another question frequently arises is, which tool to utilize along with what increases results, Advertising or PR. Within the following sentences, I’ll talk why PR is more suitable to Advertising.
What PR and Advertising imply?
PR can be a effective approach to generate awareness and brand recognition for almost any business. It’s the concept of handling the flow of understanding from a company which is public. Common activities include coping with the press, speaking at conferences, winning industry awards, and worker communication etc.
Traditional pr tools include press bulletins and press kits that are delivered towards the press to produce curiosity about the press. Other broadly used tools include brochures, flyers, mailer campaigns, road shows, newsletters, annual reports etc. Now, as time have altered, technologies have created new techniques to build and brand your business. Beyond traditional techniques, increasingly more, publication rack utilizing interactive social media outlets, for instance blogging, microblogging, social media updates etc.
Advertising messages are frequently compensated, with the sponsors and viewed via various traditional media, including newspaper, magazines, online media, television commercial, radio advertisement, outdoors Advertising or spam or new media for instance websites and blogs and texts.
Which will get more credibility – PR or Advertising?
Publicity on television through PR is a lot more credible than Advertising. Many big players are relatively light purchasers of Advertising but heavy advocates of PR. There are numerous organizations designed to use less Advertising, but they’re frequently featured operating a business magazines as well as the general press, which carry tremendous credibility.
Noticeably, pr can create a extended-lasting impact on awareness in a small sector from the cost of Advertising. Getting publicity through PR exist in an affordable or perhaps free. It’s considered like a minimal-cost alternative plus much more effective along with other marketing tactics for instance traditional Advertising and media buying.
So, what’s the reason for?
In situation of PR, the company does not give the space or time to find yourself in the press, only covers the PR person to develop and circulate tales and manage certain occasions.
The press is certainly looking for interesting news. Should you consider the best media within the correct time, nothing can beat that. When the organization develops an attention-grabbing story, it might be selected up by all the press and be worth numerous Rupees in comparable to Advertising. Besides, it could have an overabundance credibility than Advertising since it is the process by which one can create a positive image and customer preference through third-party endorsement. Some professionals condition that folks are five occasions more likely impacted by editorial copy when compared with Advertising.
Advertising, it doesn’t matter how intelligent, witty, dramatic or great searching, is self-promotion. So many people are very skeptical of advertisements. Additionally, Advertising is very pricey, specifically if you have this amazing target cover. However, PR encounters a filtering process. The editor or reporter scrutinizes the information before publishing, and picks the issue that’s newsworthy and for that reason has more credibility. What PR lacks can it be does not have total control of how the press which presents your computer data. But, the crisis management can rectify the negative coverage. Besides, media is not compelled to cover your event or publish your news release as you sent something on their behalf.
Advertising claims, uses refinement, comparisons, and borrows within the arts and psychology to influence decisions. But, PR is founded on information, not seduction.
So, PR is more suitable to the marketing strategy including Advertising. The creative usage of news occasions, publications, social occasions, community relations, as well as other PR techniques offers companies a means to distinguish their and themselves products utilizing their competitors making their brand.
Researching the market done jointly by Worldcom Pr Group as well as the Transworld Advertising Agency Network found both PR practitioners and Advertising specialists think that PR is making better usage of social media.
Though PR would bring more credibility, Advertising can reinforce it. It’s that which you call PR-oriented Advertising. PR first establishes the credibility from the trademark, and Advertising then reaffirms and reinforces the brand’s credibility and brings more recognition.
Madhumita can be a marketing and communications professional, using more than 11 experience in a number of industry verticals appreciate it & Telecom, eLearning, eGovernance, Biometric industry etc. while serving the organisations like Impetus Technologies, Corporation., TLS group, Smart ID, InfoPro Learning, Corporation. etc.
She was associated with brands like Cartoon Network, Pogo, Cinemax, CNN, Swarovski, Revlon, Amway, J J Valaya, The Lalit, Barcode, Spice Mall, Spice Mobile, Vehicle etc. inside my tenure in Pr Agencies like Lintas and Rediffusion.
She’s labored on various parts of proper marketing and communications for instance advertising, sales promotion, pr, corporate communication, social media and direct marketing. She designed to make every one of these aspects interact just like a unified pressure, co-ordinating and integrating all marketing and communications tools, avenues, functions and sources inside a minimal cost.
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Make difficult stains go away with the mixed power of salt’s abrasiveness as well as vinegar’s acidic residential property. Mix one teaspoon of salt with a fifty percent cup of white vinegar. However when you’re faced with a tougher cleaning work, you’ll need to tip it up a notch.
This approach may call for some even more efforts if you are using it to get rid of the stain off. Have you ever before pictured that you can utilize your favored topping for getting rid of stain from your brass write-ups? Well just go to your cooking area and also order your container of ketchup.
Unexpected Things You Can Clean Up In Dishwasher.
You can additionally utilize industrial cleansers to fix up your brass relying on the quantity of tarnish covering the brass piece. No matter the surface, you can clean your brass as required. Do not delay in eliminating tarnish from brass or refinishing lacquered brass things, though.
Click to investigate how to clean brass casings. Lacquer shields brass from oxidation, yet old brass– especially antique brass– must never be lacquered. Nevertheless, if the brass has erroneously been lacquered in the past, you ought to initially get rid of the lacquer prior to attempting any other cleaning procedures.
Exactly How To Tidy Brass Normally.
Afterward, you have to rinse with cozy water. It still provides premium cleaning power. It can conveniently remove rust, taint, mineral deposits, and also tough stains. One energetic ingredient in Bar Keepers Pal is oxalic acid, a very strong chelating representative. Because 1905, Brasso has actually been recovering a stunning luster to hard-to-clean metals such as brass.
Simply rub the thing with ketchup as well as wait a hr, then wash with cozy water and also pat completely dry. Tomato juice or sauce can work, as well, but they don’t have the vinegar that catsup does. The combination of lemon juice and also salt can likewise damage down oxidation, due to the intense combination of citric acid and also salt chloride. Just reduce a lemon in half, sprinkle salt on the moist surface and scrub the entire brass surface. Scrub as difficult as you can to slowly eliminate the taint. You can additionally try scrubing ketchup over your brass and afterwards rinsing it. Ketchup in a similar way consists of acids that break down tarnish.
Repainting A Brass Lamp Base.
Read more how to clean up brass handles. I recognize that brass as well as bronze are comparable but I wasn’t sure if you need to clean them similarly. I’ll be sure to pass this idea along to my brother after he locates a firm that makes bronze plaques. As well as if you are dissatisfied to uncover that what you thought was brass is simply brass-plated?. Take heart that it is much easier to clean– and still can look as glossy as the actual point. This article was co-authored by James Sears. James Sears leads the consumer happiness group at Nicely, a group of cleansing experts based in Los Angeles and Orange Area, The Golden State.
Brass is a softer steel, and also you do not intend to damage the surface. Just click the next web site how to clean brass by dipping here. Like the tomatoes in the homemade brass cleaner over, lemons are likewise acidic. To do away with taint on brass door kickplates or various other points you can’t remove, grab a lemon as well as some table salt. Laundry strong brass items straight in the soapy water.
Cooking Soft Drink And Also Lemon Juice Gloss.
And also, it leaves no sandy deposit behind. This gem can cleanse and shine your brass products along with copper pots as well as frying pans. Bar Caretakers is a bleach-free item that can quickly eliminate corrosion, taint, natural resources, and also tough stains from brass surface areas. This cleanser has been reviving boring brass because 1882. Since we have the useful stuff on exactly how to clean brass out of the way, it’s time to take a look at several of the terrific brass polishing alternatives on the market.
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Map of the Balleny Islands
|Area||800 km2 (310 sq mi)|
|Highest elevation||1,705 m (5,594 ft)|
|Highest point||Brown Peak|
|Administered under the Antarctic Treaty System|
The Balleny Islands (islands in the Southern Ocean extending from 66°15' to 67°35'S and 162°30' to 165°00'E. The group extends for about 160 km (99 mi) in a northwest-southeast direction. The islands are heavily glaciated and of volcanic origin. Glaciers project from their slopes into the sea. The islands were formed by the so-called Balleny hotspot.) are a series of uninhabited
- northeast of Young Island: Seal Rocks, Pillar
- southeast of Young Island: Row Island, Borradaile Island (with Swan Base shelter hut)
- south of Buckle Island: Scott Cone, Chinstrap Islet, Sabrina Islet (with Sabrina Refuge shelter hut), and The Monolith
Islands and rocks from north to south
|Young Island and satellite islets|
|Buckle Island and satellite islets|
|Sturge Island (no satellite islets)|
|Sturge Island||437.4||168.9||1,705 or
The Antarctic Circle is close to Borradaile Island, in the eight kilometre channel between Young and Buckle Islands. Buckle Island and the nearby Sabrina Islet are home to several colonies of Adelie and chinstrap penguins.
The English whaling captains John Balleny and Thomas Freeman first sighted the group during 1839: Freeman was the first person to land on any of the islands on February 9, 1839, and it was the first landing south of the Antarctic Circle. The islands' area totals 400 km2 (154 sq mi) and the highest point has been measured as 1,705 m (5,594 ft) or approximately 1500m (5000 feet) (the unclimbed Brown Peak on Sturge Island).
In the archipelago, the Buckle, Sturge and Young Islands are examples of stratovolcanoes. Strong earthquakes very close to the islands are rare, but tremors of moderate strength do occur over the Pacific–Antarctic Ridge, Macquarie Triple Junction and Pacific Rim between the Balleny Islands and Macquarie Island. Other earthquakes occur near the Southeast Indian Ridge and Balleny Fracture Zone, including a magnitude 8.1 earthquake in 1998 that struck just over 700 km (430 mi) west-northwest of the Islands.
- Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
- List of Antarctic islands south of 60° S
- Territorial claims in Antarctica
- Umitaka Bank
- Vaughan Bank
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Balleny Islands.|
- W.E. LeMasurier; J.W. Thomson (1990). Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. American Geophysical Union. pp. 512 pp. ISBN 0-87590-172-7.
- Brown Peak, Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. US source.
- Brown Peak, Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. NZ source.
- Gunter Faure, Teresa M. Mensing, The Transantarctic Mountains: Rocks, Ice, Meteorites and Water (Springer, 2010), 555.
- GVP, Smithsonian. "Volcanoes of Antarctica - Antarctica and South Sandwich Islands". Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Global Volcanism Program. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- Earthquakes, USGS. "World Seismicity Maps: South Pole". United States Geological Survey. Earthquake Hazards Program. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- NEIC, USGS. "Magnitude 8.1 Balleny Islands Region". United States Geological Survey. National Earthquake Information Center. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
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The pressure created by the heart in the arteries and capillaries is almost lost in the blood vessels that follow them-the veins. This lack of pressure may create a dangerous stall of blood flow in the legs whenever you stand or do not move for a long time. For this reason, to make the blood go back to the heart, other forces come into play.
The veins in your legs have valves which only let your blood flow in one direction – upward: from the toes to the thighs. When your heels hit the ground the blood passes through the valves and makes it to the heart. The process reminds of watching a bottle of wine, where the liquid hits the cork every time you hit the bottom of the bottle. Thus the body can utilize the stress that is created when you run so the blood flow in your legs is better.
Today, few of us run every day, not to mention multiple times a day. Most people either sit or stand for the larger part of their day. To counteract the stall of blood flow that ensues from this, the Russian academician Alexander Alexandrovitch Mikulin has created an easy to do exercise, which he calls vibro-gymnastics, to aid blood flow in the legs.
- The soles of your shoes must be hard, or better yet, you can do this barefoot.
- Lift your heels off the ground to about 1 cm, you don't need to go higher.
- Drop your heels back to the floor without too much force. You might want to keep your teeth presses together to minimize negative feelings from vibrations in your head.
- Do this about 30 times, and make sure you take at least a second between repetitions. If you do it too fast the blood won't have time to accumulate between valves.
- After you are done with your first set, take a 10 second break and repeat.
- Perform this exercise 4-5 times a day.
- whenever you sit or stand for long periods of time
- when you have to perform prolonged mental activities
- after walking for long periods of time
- when you have blood vessel abnormalities in your lower limbs,
such as varicose veins.
Another factor that helps your blood make it to the heart is muscle contractions. Whenever you are involved in a physical activity the muscle fibers enlarge and press on the veins, thus letting blood go back to the heart. This is the reason that after sleep we feel like stretching, so that we contract the muscles all over the body and blood that was slow during our sleep gets moving towards the heart.
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SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt - WVHA
The SS Economic & Administrative Department and the Nazi Concentration camps
The SS Wirtschafts und Verwaltungshauptamt (WVHA; Economic and Administrative Main Office) was established in March 1942, with Oswald Pohl as its chief. It took the place of several previous offices, including the Administrative Department (Verwaltungsamt) of the SS Central Office (SS Hauptamt), the Department of Budget and Buildings (Hauptamt Haushalt und Bauten), and the Inspector of Concentration Camps (Inspekteur der Konzentrationslager).
On February 1, 1942, Himmler ordered another reorganization, and both main offices were fused into one large SS Economic and Administrative Main Office (WVHA).
Himmler order, dated April 20th, 1939, establishing the [Hauptamt Verwaltung und Wirtschaft] "Main Office for Administration and Economy" which would later become the WVHA:
20 April 1939
The Reich Leader SS and Chief of the German Police
Subject: Establishment of a New Main Office.
1. With effect from 3 April 1939 the Office of the Administrative Chief of the SS will be raised to the status of Main Office in the Reich Leadership.
2. The new Main Office will be called: "Main Office Administration and Economy" abbreviated: "V and W Main Office".
3. The Administrative and Economic Main Office is a main office like the other Main Offices of the Reich Leadership SS (SS Main Office, SD Main Office, Race and Settlement Main Office, Constabulary Police [Ordnungspolizei] Main Office, and Security Police Main Office).
4. The chief of the Administrative and Economic Main Office in the Reich Leadership SS will at the same time be chief of the Main Office Budget and Buildings of the Reich Leader SS and chief of the German Police in the Reich Ministry of the Interior (Ministerialdirektor). His activities as such will be dependent on the organization of the work of the office. The tasks of the SD connected with politics and intelligence service will not be affected (Administration and Economy).
The Reich Leader SS
[Signed] H. HIMMLER
Certified true copy:
BY ORDER OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE CHIEF OF THE SS
SS Obersturmfuehrer and Adjutant
[Stamp] SS Race and Settlement Main Office
No...........19 April 1939
The WVHA was organized into the following divisions and offices:
Division A Chief: SS Brigadefuehrer and Brigadier General of the Waffen SS Frank with offices:
A I Budget office, Budget of the Waffen SS and of the General SS (Reich cashier of the SS).
A II Cash and salary matters.
A III Legal office.
A IV Auditors' office.
A V Personnel office.
Division B Chief: SS Brigadefuehrer and Brigadier General of the Waffen SS Loerner with offices:
B I Food.
B II Clothing.
B III Housing.
B IV Raw materials, price control, foreign currencies, and purchases.
Division C Chief: SS Oberfuehrer Dr. Ing. Kammler with offices:
C I General construction tasks.
C II Special construction tasks.
C III Special technical spheres.
C IV Special artistic spheres.
C V Central inspectorate for constructions.
C VI Maintenance of building and business economy.
Division W Chief: SS Gruppenfuehrer Pohl
W I Stones and soil (Reich).
W II Stones and soil (East).
W III Food enterprises.
W IV Timber enterprise.
W V Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.
W VI Utilization of textiles and leather.
W VII Books and pictures.
W VIII Special tasks.
The WVHA role in the German economy increased dramatically as a result of the military setbacks suffered by the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front in the winter battles of 1941 and 1942. Heavy material losses led to Hitler's decision to increase armaments production. Always ready to increase the influence of the SS, Himmler received the Fuehrer's permission to begin the building of armaments plants on the site of some of the SS's concentration camps.
In March 1942, Himmler put Glucks' office of the Inspector of Concentration Camps under the authority of Pohl's WVHA and ordered him to provide thousands of slave laborers for the new armament projects. With control of concentration camp system now fell under the remit of the WVHA which now controlled the concentration camps and was now inextricably tied to the operation of both the concentration camps and the death camps of Eastern Europe and would oversee all financial aspects of Final Solution
The WVHA administered the camps, directing everything from such mundane chores as supply and sanitation to the grisly accounting of the gold the SS procured from the teeth of its dead victims. Through its administration of the concentration camps and extermination centers such as Auschwitz, direction of slave labor, procurement of victims for medical experiments and the Nazi euthanasia program, and managing the accounting of confiscated Jewish property, the WVHA was an essential link in the chain of genocide
Letter from Georg Loerner, September 23, 1940 concerning the the establishment of branch offices at the concentration camps to handler labor allocation of prisoners:
received 23 September 1940
Berlin-Lichterfelde-West, 14 September 1940
Unter den Eichen 126a
The Reich Leader SSand Chief of the German Police
in the Reich Ministry of Interior
Main Office Budget and Buildings
Office I/1 254 Pr.Qu.
Subject: Branch offices of the Main Office Budget and Buildings for prisoner allocation.
In order to regulate the labor allocation of prisoners, offices of the Main Office Budget and Buildings have been established at the Inspector of the Concentration Camps. They will be under the business address of the Main Office Budget and Buildings and in addition to it will carry the name of the respective concentration camp. For instance
"The Reich Leader SS and Chief of the German Police in the Reich Ministry of Interior Main Office Budget and Buildings Branch Office Mauthausen." Effective immediately the members of these offices will administratively be attached to the camps where they perform their duty.
Official residence is the place of the respective concentration camp. This will be in force as of 1 October 1940, in case other arrangements had been made before. All payments will be made at the competent finance office of the respective concentration camp.
This administrative transfer is solely for the purpose of expediency and is of no influence to the official position of the individuals concerned, who, as far as their official duty relationship is concerned, remain employees of the Main Office Budget and Buildings.
The Chief of Office I-Budget
Certified true copy:
In its role as the administrative department of the SS, the WVHA had an important function in both the Allgemeine SS and the Waffen SS. During the pre-war years Pohl's Verwaltungsamt handled the administrative functions of the Allgemeine SS, including controlling the funds raised from members of the Allgemeine SS, developing an administrative organization for all the branches of the Allgemeine SS, and training the personnel for this administrative system
The WVHA also created a subsidiary organizations known as the Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe (German Economic Enterprises), generally abbreviated DWB as a project to profit from the use of Nazi concentration camp inmates as slaves, engaging primarily in the following types of commercial ventures:
Fine porcelain and pottery factories
Building materials factories
Mineral water extraction and bottling
Small arms manufacturing and repair
Wooden furniture design and production
Military clothing and accessories
Publishing of books and magazines on Germanic culture and history
Art acquisition and restoration
Several DWB Subsidiaries:
DEST The "German Earth And Stone Works" founded on April 29, 1938 in Berlin, was administered by the VWHA, for the purpose of procuring building materials, and organizing slave labor and overseeing quarry operations. The Sachsenhausen (1936), Buchenwald (1937), Flossenbürg (1938), Mauthausen (1938),Natzwiller-Struthof-F (1939) and Gross Rosen (1940) concentration camp sites were chosen because of their proximity to soil suitable for making bricks, or due to close proximity of a brickworks factory or stone quarry. DEST was widely successful in the exploitation of slave labor, most of whom were Jews, in the quarries. Human labor was used cruelly, becoming one of the main tenets of war crime charges in the Nuremberg Trials.
DAW "German Equipment Works" founded in May, 1939 operated several companies in the concentration camps : Dachau, Sachsenhausen , Buchenwald , Auschwitz concentration camp . Later DAW expanded to include operations in: KZ Lublin , KZ Lemberg, KZ Janowska , KZ Pulawy , KZ Stutthof , KZ Fürstenwalde , KZ Neuengamme und KZ Ravensbrück weitere Werke gegründet. Later, near the concentration camp Lublin , Lvov concentration camp , Janowska concentration camp , concentration camp Pulawy , and Stutthof.
OSTI "Ostindustrie" formed in March 1943 and lasted one year. Osti took control of various businesses in the area, including brush factories, peat works, a fur plant, and ironworks. Until November 1943, some 16,000 Jews and 1,000 Poles were forced to labor at OSTI.
When the WVHA offices in Berlin were destroyed by Allied bombing on April 16, 1945, the WVHA was moved to Born on Darß in Nordvorpommern on the Baltic sea.
After the collapse of Nazi Germany and the end of the war in Europe, the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg declared that the SS was a criminal organization, and the Americans organized separate war crimes trials for the personnel of various SS agencies.
Because the WVHA played such a crucial role in carrying out the SS's racial extermination policies, several WVHA officials were tried as war criminals soon after the close of the war.
The Nuremberg indictment was presented on January 13, 1947; the trial began on April 8, and sentences were handed down on November 3, 1947. Four persons, including Oswald Pohl, were sentenced to death by hanging, three were acquitted. The others received sentences of imprisonment between 10 years and lifetime.
Business and industry in Nazi Germany By Francis R. Nicosia, Jonathan Huener Publisher: Berghahn Books; illustrated edition edition (March 2004)Historia Powszechna/Historia Polski, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2008
Document NO-1016, in Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals Law No. 10. Vol. 5: United States v. Oswald Pohl
THE SS ECONOMIC ADMINISTRATION, 1934-1945: R. Boyd Murphree
Nazi -Forced Labor Documentation Center (Berlin-Schöneweide)
Copyright Carmelo Lisciotto H.E.A.R.T 2010
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The Rise and Fall of Napoleon : Rise v. 1 Paperback
Since his untimely death aged fifty-one in 1821, Napoleon Bonaparte has been too often the victim of biographical revisionism that treats him either as a demi-god or as devil incarnate.
In the first of this monumental new two-volume biography, Robert Asprey has preferred to treat him as a human being.
The Rise and Fall of Napoleon (Volume 1: The Rise) chronicles the beginning of this most extraordinary of lives, from Napoleon's birth in 1769 to the historic Battle of Austerlitz in 1805, when he brilliantly defeated the Austro-Russian armies.
What emerges is both a fascinating and contradictory figure: a child of the French Revolution who grew to be its master; who exploited the national will for what he believed to be the national good; who converted the surging passions of thirty million persons into an irresistible force to challenge and often topple archaic thrones; whose desire for European reforms ultimately fell victim to feudal superstition and misery.
Based on years of research, Robert Asprey tells this remarkable tale with the even-handedness such a major historical figure deserves.
He presents Napoleon as he was - a man dedicated to his vision of himself and his empire.
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 608 pages, Section: 25, Integrated: 25, int
- Publisher: Little, Brown Book Group
- Publication Date: 06/09/2001
- Category: Biography: historical, political & military
- ISBN: 9780349112886
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Celibacy/Abstinence/Morality vs. Dharma
Dear Respected Guruji, I am a frequent reader of your page. Your gnyana has truly changed my life and rapidly accelerated my growth towards the self. Know that your pursuit of the self is also to be blessed by the supreme for the work you have done, are doing and will continue to do. I feel I should begin trying to uphold the values put forth in the ashtangas. However, sometimes in my life I am forced to go against those values due to the expectations my superiors at work have from my role as an employee. My understanding is (feel free to question its validity) that my work is inherently related to my dharma in this life time, therefore I try my utmost to fulfill my workplace duties with my best efforts. But how does one strike that balance between moral values such as speaking truth, causing no harm to other beings etc. and one's dharmic responsibilites?
Answer if it be the will of the Supreme.
1. The nature of one's Atman (true self) is that of the Lord himself. Therefore, he who lets go of the Ego & surrenders himself to the Supreme (by merging the mind into the self), works as a mere extension of the Almighty.
Since such a person does not commence any work for personal gain (knowing there is nothing to be gained or lost in reality), the actions of such a man are the actions of God, and therefore always right. They automatically fall within the bounds of Dharma (righteousness). Such a person does not worry about what is right and wrong, for his mind, having surrendered to the Lord, remains neutral, without desire and anger. The Lord takes care of everything, and makes him do the right things.
2. It is enough if one holds on to the self. Dispassion, detachment and virtue are then the natural byproducts. One need not do anything special to acquire these, for these are one's very nature. 'Moksha' (liberation) is one's (Atman's) real nature. Liberation or self-realization are for the Ego and not the Atman. The Atman is always liberated. All that is required is to overcome identification of consciousness with the non-self (Ego, body & world). To achieve this, one has to perform continuous and unbroken Sadhana, at all times.
When this much is done, the Yama - Niyama-s occur by themselves. He who practices such restraint eventually becomes the embodiment of auspiciousness. The Lord does not let wrong actions to transpire from such a body & mind, for the one who performed wrong earlier is no longer in charge.
ॐ तत् सत्
(That Supreme being is the absolute truth)
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What is Dam
Definition of Dam is as an obstruction constructed across a stream or river. At the back of this barrier water is collected forming a pool. The side on which water is collected is called upstream side and the other side of the barrier is called downstream side. The pool of water which is formed upstream is called a Reservoir.
Uses of Dams and Reservoirs
Following are the uses of Dams
- The water collected in the lake can be used for recreation, as a reservoir of drinking water or it can be supplied to the surrounding farm land through canals for irrigation.
- The energy of this collected water can be used to turn a mill to grind wheat or to turn the blades of a turbine to generate electrical power.
- In times of floods, uses of dams can serve as protections for the towns and cities downstream of the river.
- Apart from these advantages dams are very significant in times of war. As they help in planning war strategies and in controlling the advancement of enemy forces.
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Five years ago, when we started this blog, we felt an urgent need to create a space for conversations about the bridges to and from Cuba that were unfolding at that historic moment.
Keeping to his promise to improve relations with Cuba, Obama had restored ties in 2015 and visited the island in 2016. Overnight, Cuba became a wildly popular destination. Commercial flights from the United States became available. Americans who’d never visited, and Cuban exiles who’d never returned, rushed to the island. It appeared that our Berlin Wall that separated the waters between Cuba and the United States would soon disappear.
We were excited and worried. The reopening of the U.S. Embassy in Havana filled us with hope for a more peaceful future between the two nations that defined our dual identity. But everything seemed to be moving too quickly, too chaotically. Airbnbs, restaurants, and boutiques sprung up all over the island and mushroomed in La Habana. Some Cubans were benefiting, but many were being left behind.
As poets and writers, we were concerned with the exoticized image of Cubans and Cuban Americans that were circulating in the media. Cuba was turning into a backdrop for fashionistas. A beloved place, a fraught place, that is home to so many of us, both in reality and in our imaginations, was being lost. We wanted to recover that home and articulate its meaning in this virtual space. And so, our blog was born.
Neither of us could have imagined that relations with Cuba would deteriorate to the degree that they have under Trumpian rule. The negative publicity toward Cuba and the shutdown of most commercial flights to the island have devastated the burgeoning private sector economy. It is truly shocking just how much has changed in the last five years.
Many now view Cuba as a forbidden place, even more distant and unreachable, alone and isolated by the sea once again. What bridges can we speak of now?
In this time of uncertainty, we feel a sense of urgency and wish to reignite this virtual space to offer new reflections, new forms of expression, new commitments to keeping Cuba on our radar. As the pandemic brings the world together in unexpected ways, we want to shine a light on Cuba from many perspectives and keep building bridges through stories, testimonies, and reporting. After our hiatus, we are back, and looking forward to featuring exciting voices and visions.
Thank you so much for joining us in this endeavor. We are grateful to all of you who’ve been supportive of our efforts and welcome all of you who are new to our blog. We hope you will keep in touch and share your thoughts with us and our readers.
Ruth Behar and Richard Blanco
July 3, 2020
There’s no denying that the invisible Berlin Wall across the straits between Cuba and Florida is beginning to crumble. Unfortunately, the political buzz, media hype, and appearance of numerous instant experts are furthering an exotic and distorted image of Cuba as a franchise. Consequently, the more subtle and poetic voices of those who have been experiencing Cuba for a lifetime—loving, grieving, and dreaming in Cuban—are being shut out. Noticeably absent are the real lives and complex emotional histories of thousands of Cuban-Americans and Cubans across the globe, including those on the island.
In response to this absence, Ruth Behar and Richard Blanco have joined their minds and hearts to create this blog as a forum for sharing and cataloging those real-life stories across the spectrum of race, geography, generation, class, religion, ethnicity, and gender of Cubans everywhere. Engaging the power of storytelling, the blog’s purpose is to build bridges that connect Cubans everywhere and lift the emotional embargo among us all, as we move forward together with our apprehensions and hopes, questions and convictions, doubts and dreams, into a new era of US-Cuban relations and the Cuba of tomorrow.
Featuring a wide range of contributors, the blog provides a place for poets, authors, personalities, scholars, and celebrities to share stories that lay bare the laughter and sorrow of being Cuban. Stories conveyed through personal narratives, poems, photo essays, interviews, surveys, and analyses. Stories that aren’t afraid to speak from an emotional register that breaks the heart and tries to heal it too. Stories that sooth and illuminate, as well as provoke and challenge perceptions, gradually building to a crescendo of voices that speak with passion, urgency, and unforgettable presence.
Throughout their 20-year friendship, Ruth Behar and Richard Blanco have written obsessively about the search for home and longing to keep Cuban roots alive through memory, literature, and cultural heritage, while also engaging with the unfolding realities of the island. Back in the early 1990s, as a way of healing the psychic wounds brought about by ideological divisions between Cubans who stayed on the island and Cubans who left, Ruth conceived of the idea of Bridges to Cuba/Puentes a Cuba, an anthology of voices that remains a landmark publication to this day. Edited by Ruth, it brought together, for the first time in English, many voices of Cubans of the second generation, both on the island and in the diaspora. Bridges to Cuba/Puentes a Cuba, opened a window onto the meaning of nationality, transnationalism, and homeland at the time, and created a space for reconciliation, imaginative speculation, and renewal.
Now, more than two decades later on the cusp of historical changes between the US and Cuba, this blog brings together Ruth’s notion of “bridges to Cuba” with Richard’s notion of the “emotional embargo.” For it is not simply a political and economic embargo that needs to be “lifted,” but also the weight of an emotional embargo that has kept Cubans collectively holding their breath for over fifty years. As poet and author, Richard has dedicated his life’s work to understanding that embargo, dealing with matters of the heart and spirit that policies and politics don’t really address. Namely, those stories sprung from a deep well of thought and feeling that need to be told in order to emotionally reconcile the diaspora of our various Cuban identities and claims as we move toward the post-embargo world of tomorrow.
Contact us at email@example.com
Spanish translations by Gabriela Jauregui, Jennifer Bowles, and Federico Pous
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July 8, 2014
THE GEORGIA CAPITOL DEVOTIONAL - 8 July 2014
The final chapters of 1 Samuel provide a contrast between Saul and David that is nothing short of climactic. David and everyone associated with him were victorious, whereas those affiliated with Saul were defeated. David would receive an everlasting kingdom (2 Sam 7:10-13), but Saul’s kingdom was rejected permanently (1 Sam 15:22-23; 2 Chron 10:6).
The life of Israel’s first king (Saul) ended in tragedy. The people demanded a king “like all the nations” (1 Sam 8:20). Israel was not mindful of God’s actions on their behalf and did not seek God’s counsel, but rather made demands of Him. God granted the request in a manner similar to the time of the Exodus.
“So He gave them their request, but sent a wasting disease among them” (Ps 106:15; cf. Numb 14). An old adage states, “Be careful what you wish for – you may get it.” Israel certainly received some of what they did not want. God used the kingship of Saul as discipline and revelation. G. Campbell Morgan’s summary is appropriate.
Saul stands out upon the page of Israel’s history, an object lesson in the real meaning of their choice. He was a man of enormous physical strength, yet fitful and failing from first to last; a man of doubted mental acumen, yet a man of moods, who presently became a madman; a man as to spiritual life characterized from the very beginning by torpor and slowness, and at last, so devoid of spiritual illumination and power, that he turned his back upon Jehovah, and consulted a witch who muttered and worked incantations. He was a revelation to the people of what the possession of a king like the nations really meant [Living Messages of the Books of the Bible, 2 vols. (New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1912) 1:153].
Samuel previously anointed David as king over Israel (1 Sam 16:12-13), but David was not ready at that time to lead the people; rather, he needed to learn some challenging lessons first. Saul and David both learned the truth that because God is holy He blesses those who are faithful to Him and judges those who rebel against his revealed Word.
David needed to trust God in whatever circumstances that he would encounter. Saul learned that God is a holy and jealous God (Exod 20:5; 34:14; Deut 4:24), and therefore, He will not be mocked (Gal 6:7). Saul was accountable for his actions, and following the events of 1 Samuel 31, he would give a personal account to his Creator (cf. Heb 9:27).
The primary weakness of Saul’s life was that God did indeed touch him (1 Sam 10), which meant that Saul could not function without considering God first. The tragedy was that Saul was never willing to surrender his will and trust God unconditionally. Temporal expediency is not without personal expense (cf. 2 Chron 19:2; Jas 4:4). First Samuel closes with the end of Saul’s life, and therefore, the cessation of his opportunity to glorify God. David’s reign was soon to begin.
David learned that God’s grace was sufficient for all his needs (1 Cor 2:3-5; 2 Cor 12:9), and that the Lord’s strength would be through inquiring of the Lord God (1 Sam 30:7-8). The Apostle Peter stated this truth.
Grace and peace be multiplied to you in the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord; seeing that His divine power has granted to us everything pertaining to life and godliness, through the true knowledge of Him who called us by His own glory and excellence [2 Pet 1:3].
If I may help you in your commitment to spiritual maturity, please let me know, as this is why the ministry of Capitol Commission exists.
Your missionary to our Capitol community,
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Calcium ions are actively transported out of cells, 156, 157 Page 409 376 author index Desai, R.Chemicaals, 285 Day trading vs binary options, M.
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Tibetan sheep have lived on the Tibetan Plateau for thousands of years; however, the process and consequences of adaptation to this extreme environment have not been elucidated for important livestock such as sheep. Here, seven sheep breeds, representing both highland and lowland breeds from different areas of China, were genotyped for a genome-wide collection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The FST and XP-EHH approaches were used to identify regions harbouring local positive selection between these highland and lowland breeds, and 236 genes were identified. We detected selection events spanning genes involved in angiogenesis, energy production and erythropoiesis. In particular, several candidate genes were associated with high-altitude hypoxia, including EPAS1, CRYAA, LONP1, NF1, DPP4, SOD1, PPARG and SOCS2. EPAS1 plays a crucial role in hypoxia adaption; therefore, we investigated the exon sequences of EPAS1 and identified 12 mutations. Analysis of the relationship between blood-related phenotypes and EPAS1 genotypes in additional highland sheep revealed that a homozygous mutation at a relatively conserved site in the EPAS1 3′ untranslated region was associated with increased mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume. Taken together, our results provide evidence of the genetic diversity of highland sheep and indicate potential high-altitude hypoxia adaptation mechanisms, including the role of EPAS1 in adaptation.
Traditionally, Chinese indigenous sheep were classified geographically and morphologically into three groups: Mongolian, Kazakh and Tibetan. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the population structure and genome selection among 140 individuals from ten representative Chinese indigenous sheep breeds: Ujimqin, Hu, Tong, Large-Tailed Han and Lop breed (Mongolian group); Duolang and Kazakh (Kazakh group); and Diqing, Plateau-type Tibetan, and Valley-type Tibetan breed (Tibetan group).
We analyzed the population using principal component analysis (PCA), STRUCTURE and a Neighbor-Joining (NJ)-tree. In PCA plot, the Tibetan and Mongolian groups were clustered as expected; however, Duolang and Kazakh (Kazakh group) were segregated. STRUCTURE analyses suggested two subpopulations: one from North China (Kazakh and Mongolian groups) and the other from the Southwest (Tibetan group). In the NJ-tree, the Tibetan group formed an independent branch and the Kazakh and Mongolian groups were mixed. We then used the di statistic approach to reveal selection in Chinese indigenous sheep breeds. Among the 599 genome sequence windows analyzed, sixteen (2.7%) exhibited signatures of selection in four or more breeds. We detected three strong selection windows involving three functional genes: RXFP2, PPP1CC and PDGFD. PDGFD, one of the four subfamilies of PDGF, which promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation of preadipocytes, was significantly selected in fat type breeds by the Rsb (across pairs of populations) approach. Two consecutive selection regions in Duolang sheep were obviously different to other breeds. One region was in OAR2 including three genes (NPR2, SPAG8 and HINT2) the influence growth traits. The other region was in OAR 6 including four genes (PKD2, SPP1, MEPE, and IBSP) associated with a milk production quantitative trait locus. We also identified known candidate genes such as BMPR1B, MSRB3, and three genes (KIT, MC1R, and FRY) that influence lambing percentage, ear size and coat phenotypes, respectively.
Based on the results presented here, we propose that Chinese native sheep can be divided into two genetic groups: the thin type (Tibetan group), and the fat type (Mongolian and Kazakh group). We also identified important genes that drive valuable phenotypes in Chinese indigenous sheep, especially PDGFD, which may influence fat deposition in fat type sheep.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1384-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Genome-wide analysis; China indigenous sheep; Population analysis; Selection signal analysis
To elucidate the importance of the norovirus and other enteric viruses, and the difference of the genetic relatedness on norovirus between the outbreak and sporadic cases, a total of 557 stool samples, consisting of 503 sporadic cases and 54 samples of 4 outbreaks were collected and tested for norovirus and other enteric viruses in Beijing, China, July 2007–June 2008. The data showed norovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus, were detected in 26.6%, 6.1%, 1.8%, and 0.5%, respectively. Norovirus was detected almost throughout the surveillance period, norovirus co-infecting with rotavirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus, respectively, were identified both in outbreak and the sporadic cases. GII.4/2006 was identified as the predominant strain circulating both in outbreak and sporadic cases. The results showed that norovirus was rather the important agent than other enteric viruses affected adults with acute gastroenteritis; no significant genetic relatedness of the dominant strains was found between the outbreak and sporadic cases.
We designed this study to investigate whether cadmium induces caspase-independent apoptosis and to investigate the relationship between the caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptotic pathways. Cadmium (1.25–2.5 μM) induced oxidative stress in rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells, as seen in the reactive oxygen species levels; N-acetylcysteine prevented this. Cyclosporin A (CsA) prevented mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and apoptosis; there was mitochondrial ultrastructural disruption, mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) translocation to the cytoplasm, and subsequent caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. Z-VAD-FMK prevented caspase-3 activation and apoptosis and decreased BNIP-3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3) expression levels and apoptosis-inducing factor/endonuclease G (AIF/Endo G) translocation. Simultaneously, cadmium induced prominent BNIP-3 expression in the mitochondria and cytoplasmic AIF/Endo G translocation to the nucleus. BNIP-3 silencing significantly prevented AIF and Endo G translocation and decreased the apoptosis rate, cyt c release, and caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. These results suggest that BNIP-3 is involved in the caspase-independent apoptotic pathway and is located upstream of AIF/Endo G; both the caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways are involved in cadmium-induced rPT cell apoptosis and act synergistically.
Data regarding HIV-seronegative pediatric patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) have been very limited.
We retrospectively reviewed non-HIV-infected in patients with CM from January 2002 through December 2013 in Beijing Children’s Hospital. Records of the all patients were obtained and compared.
The 34 children had a median age of 5.6 years. Most of the patients were male (67.6 %). Only 23.5 % of the cases had identifiable underlying diseases. The sensitivity of the CSF cryptococcal antigen, India ink smear and CSF culture in our study were 81.5, 85.3 and 82.4 %, respectively. And the sensitivity of combinations of these tests was 91.2 %. Out of the 34 patients, 16 (47.1 %) had other organs involvement in addition to the brain. The main abnormal features via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were Virchow-Robin space dilatation (44.4 %), hydrocephalus (38.9 %), gelatinous pseudocysts (33.3 %), brain atrophy (33.3 %), meningeal enhancement (27.8 %) and local lesions (27.8 %). In total, 64.7 % of the patients were successfully treated at discharge, whereas treatment failed in 35.3 % of the patients.
Cryptococcal meningitis is an infrequent disease with a high fatality rate in children in China. The majority of patients were apparently healthy. Clinicians should consider cryptococcal infection as a potential pathogen of pediatric meningitis. Cryptococcal antigen, India ink smear and culture tests are recommended for diagnosis.
The highly infiltrative and invasive nature of glioma cells often leads to blurred tumor margins, resulting in incomplete tumor resection and tumor recurrence. Accurate detection and precise delineation of glioma help in preoperative delineation, surgical planning and survival prediction. In this study, recombinant epidermal growth factor-like domain-1, derived from human coagulation factor VII, was conjugated to iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for targeted glioma magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The synthesized EGF1-EGFP-IONPs exhibited excellent targeting ability toward tissue factor (TF)-positive U87MG cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro, and demonstrated persistent and efficient MR contrast enhancement up to 12 h for preclinical glioma models with high targeting specificity in vivo. They hold great potential for clinical translation and developing targeted theranostics against brain glioma.
epidermal growth factor-like domain-1; tissue factor; iron oxide nanoparticles; MRI; glioma
VACTERL association is a condition comprising multisystem congenital malformations, causing severe physical disability in affected individuals. It is typically defined by the concurrence of at least three of the following component features: vertebral anomalies (V), anal atresia (A), cardiac malformations (C), tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TE), renal dysplasia (R) and limb abnormalities (L). Vertebral anomaly is one of the most important and common defects that has been reported in approximately 60–95% of all VACTERL patients. Recent breakthroughs have suggested that genetic factors play an important role in VACTERL association, especially in those with vertebral phenotypes. In this review, we summarised the genetic studies of the VACTERL association, especially focusing on the genetic aetiology of patients with vertebral anomalies. Furthermore, genetic reports of other syndromes with vertebral phenotypes overlapping with VACTERL association are also included. We aim to provide a further understanding of the genetic aetiology and a better evidence for genetic diagnosis of the association and vertebral anomalies.
VACTERL association; Vertebral anomalies; Gene
Tryptophan (Trp) plays an essential role in pig behavior and growth performances. However, little is known about Trp's effects on tight junction barrier and intestinal health in weaned pigs. In the present study, twenty-four (24) weaned pigs were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments with 8 piglets/treatments. The piglets were fed different amounts of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) as follows: 0.0%, 0.15, and 0.75%, respectively, named zero Trp (ZTS), low Trp (LTS), and high Trp (HTS), respectively. No significant differences were observed in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain: feed (G/F) ratio between the groups. After 21 days of the feeding trial, results showed that dietary Trp significantly increased (P < 0.05) crypt depth and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) in the jejunum of pig fed HTS. In addition, pig fed HTS had higher (P < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate. Furthermore, pig fed HTS significantly decreased mRNA expression of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 but not claudin-1 in the jejunum. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the groups. Collectively, these data suggest that dietary Trp supplementation at a certain level (0.75%) may negatively affect the small intestinal structure in weaned pig.
Label-retaining cells (LRCs) have been recognized as rare stem and progenitor-like cells, but their complex biological features in renal repair at the cellular level have never been reported. This study was conducted to evaluate whether LRCs in kidney are indeed renal stem/progenitor cells and to delineate their potential role in kidney regeneration.
We utilized a long-term pulse chase of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled cells in C57BL/6J mice to identify renal LRCs. We tracked the precise morphological characteristics and locations of BrdU+LRCs by both immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. To examine whether these BrdU+LRCs contribute to the repair of acute kidney injury, we analyzed biological characteristics of BrdU+LRCs in mice after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
The findings revealed that the nuclei of BrdU+ LRCs exhibited different morphological characteristics in normal adult kidneys, including nuclei in pairs or scattered, fragmented or intact, strongly or weakly positive. Only 24.3 ± 1.5 % of BrdU+ LRCs co-expressed with Ki67 and 9.1 ± 1.4 % of BrdU+ LRCs were positive for TUNEL following renal I/R injury. Interestingly, we found that newly regenerated cells formed a niche-like structure and LRCs in pairs tended to locate in this structure, but the number of those LRCs was very low. We found a few scattered LRCs co-expressed Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LTA) in the early phase of injury, suggesting differentiation of those LRCs in mouse kidney.
Our findings suggest that LRCs are not a simple type of slow-cycling cells in adult kidneys, indicating a limited role of these cells in the regeneration of I/R injured kidney. Thus, LRCs cannot reliably be considered stem/progenitor cells in the regeneration of adult mouse kidney. When researchers use this technique to study the cellular basis of renal repair, these complex features of renal LRCs and the purity of real stem cells among renal LRCs should be considered.
Label-retaining cells; Renal stem cells; Renal progenitor cells; Kidney regeneration; Ischemia/reperfusion injury; AKI
Congenital heart defects (CHD) represent one of the most common birth defects. This study aimed to evaluate the value of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) as a tool to detect the copy number variations (CNVs) of 22q11 in fetuses with CHD.
A large cohort of 225 fetuses with CHD was screened by fetal echocardiography. Once common chromosome abnormalities in 30 fetuses were screened out by conventional G-banding analysis, the CNVs of chromosome 22q11 in the remaining 195 fetuses were determined by MLPA for prenatal genetic counseling. In 195 CHD fetuses with normal karyotype, 11 cases had pathological CNVs, including 22q11.2 deletion (seven cases), the deletion of 22q11 cat eye syndrome (CES) region (one case), 22q11.2 duplication (one case), 22q13.3 deletion (one case) and 17p13.3 deletion (one case). In total, our findings from MLPA screening represented 4.9 % in our cohort. Among these, three cases were inherited CNVs, and eight cases were de novo. These CNVs were further verified by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array analysis, and their chromosomal location was refined.
This study indicated that MLPA could serve as an effective test for routine prenatal diagnosis of 22q11 in fetuses with CHD.
Congenital heart defects; 22q11 deletion syndrome; Prenatal diagnosis; MLPA
The IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is a multifunctional scaffold protein, which interacts with diverse proteins to regulate cell adhesion and cell migration. The abnormal expression of IQGAP1 widely exists in many cancers, but biological roles of IQGAP1 cooperation with its interacting proteins to involve in tumorigenesis remain to clarify. In this study, we have found that IQGAP1 interacts with β-catenin and regulates β-catenin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The expression levels of IQGAP1 and β-catenin and their associations have a positive correlation with cell metastasis ability in several HCC cell lines. The up-regulation of IQGAP1 and β-catenin improves cell proliferation and migration ability of HCC cells, whereas the knockdown of IQGAP1 by small interfering RNA can decrease β-catenin expression, which results in the reduction of cell proliferation and migration ability in vitro. In addition, a significantly higher expression of IQGAP1 and β-catenin also usually exists in human HCC tissues, especially their overexpression is clinicopathologically associated with tumor malignancy. Generally the overexpression and interactions of IQGAP1 and β-catenin contribute to HCC progression by promoting cell proliferation and migration.
In recent years, the genus Pestalotiopsis is receiving increasing attention, not only because of its economic impact as a plant pathogen but also as a commonly isolated endophyte which is an important source of bioactive natural products. Pestalotiopsis fici Steyaert W106-1/CGMCC3.15140 as an endophyte of tea produces numerous novel secondary metabolites, including chloropupukeananin, a derivative of chlorinated pupukeanane that is first discovered in fungi. Some of them might be important as the drug leads for future pharmaceutics.
Here, we report the genome sequence of the endophytic fungus of tea Pestalotiopsis fici W106-1/CGMCC3.15140. The abundant carbohydrate-active enzymes especially significantly expanding pectinases allow the fungus to utilize the limited intercellular nutrients within the host plants, suggesting adaptation of the fungus to endophytic lifestyle. The P. fici genome encodes a rich set of secondary metabolite synthesis genes, including 27 polyketide synthases (PKSs), 12 non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs), five dimethylallyl tryptophan synthases, four putative PKS-like enzymes, 15 putative NRPS-like enzymes, 15 terpenoid synthases, seven terpenoid cyclases, seven fatty-acid synthases, and five hybrids of PKS-NRPS. The majority of these core enzymes distributed into 74 secondary metabolite clusters. The putative Diels-Alderase genes have undergone expansion.
The significant expansion of pectinase encoding genes provides essential insight in the life strategy of endophytes, and richness of gene clusters for secondary metabolites reveals high potential of natural products of endophytic fungi.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-014-1190-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Genome; Endophyte; Pestalotiopsis fici; Secondary metabolite
Graphene has the potential for high-speed, wide-band photodetection, but only with very low external quantum efficiency and no spectral selectivity. Here we report a dramatic enhancement of the overall quantum efficiency and spectral selectivity that enables multicolour photodetection, by coupling graphene with plasmonic nanostructures. We show that metallic plasmonic nanostructures can be integrated with graphene photodetectors to greatly enhance the photocurrent and external quantum efficiency by up to 1,500%. Plasmonic nanostructures of variable resonance frequencies selectively amplify the photoresponse of graphene to light of different wavelengths, enabling highly specific detection of multicolours. Being atomically thin, graphene photodetectors effectively exploit the local plasmonic enhancement effect to achieve a significant enhancement factor not normally possible with traditional planar semiconductor materials.
Restricted space and close contact with conspecifics in captivity may be stressful for musk deer, as they are highly territorial and solitary in the wild. So we tested the effects of crowding on stress of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in heterosexual groups, using fecal cortisol analysis as a non-invasive method. 32 healthy adults during non-breeding seasons were chose as our experimental objects. Group 1 was defined as higher crowding condition, with 10-15 m2/deer (6 enclosures, 10♀ and 6♂); group 2 was defined as lower crowding condition, with 23-33 m2/deer (6 enclosures, 10♀ and 6♂). Every enclosure contained 1 male and 3 female. These patterns had been existed for years.
The results showed that females in lower crowding condition (217.1 ± 9.5 ug/g) had significantly higher fecal cortisol levels than those in higher crowding condition (177.2 ± 12.1 ug/g). Interestingly, crowding seemed have no effect on male fecal cortisol levels (148.1 ± 9.1 ug/g and 140.5 ± 13.3 ug/g, respectively). At both groups, cortisol was significantly lower in males than in females.
These results showed that chronic crowding may affect stress status of captive forest musk deer. The captive environment should consider the space need for musk deer.
Captivity; M. berezovskii; Fecal cortisol; Chronic stress; Crowding
The relationship between lipids and coronary artery disease has been well established. However, this is not the case between lipids and heart failure. Ironically, high lipid levels are associated with better outcomes in heart failure, but the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon are not fully understood. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that reduced intestinal lipid absorption due to venous congestion may lead to low lipid levels.
We collected data of clinical characteristics, echocardiograph, and lipid profile in 442 unselected patients with congestive heart failure. Correlations between lipid levels [including total cholesterol (TCL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG)] and right ventricle end diastolic diameter (RVEDD), left ventricle end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), right atrium diameter (RA), left atrium diameter (LA), or left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) were analyzed using Pearson correlation and partial correlation. RVEDD, LVEDD, RA, and LA were indexed to the body surface area.
There was a significantly inverse correlation between TCL levels and RVEDD (r = −0.34, P < 0.001) and RA (r = −0.36, P < 0.001). Other lipids such as LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG had a similar inverse correlation with RVEDD and RA. All these correlations remained unchanged after adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, physical activity levels, comorbidities, and medication use.
Lipid levels were inversely correlated to RVEDD in patients with congestive heart failure; however, because this was an observational study, further investigation is needed to verify our results as well as identify a causal relationship, if any.
Lipid levels; Heart failure; Right ventricle; Volume overload; Correlation analysis
To identify the causative mutation with its possible origin in a Chinese family with congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles type 1 (CFEOM1) and to characterize the ocular phenotypes and lesions in the corresponding intracranial nerves.
Three affected siblings and their asymptomatic parents underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and neuropathologic analysis involving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). KIF21A, PHOX2A, and TUBB3 genes were sequenced on the leukocyte-derived DNA to detect variants. The disease-linked haplotype was analyzed using four microsatellite markers across the KIF21A locus.
All three affected individuals displayed typical CFEOM1. MRI revealed complicated but consistent neuromuscular abnormalities in the two patients examined, including hypoplastic oculomotor nerves, complete absence of bilateral superior rectus muscles, and unilateral absence of the abducens nerve with marked atrophy of the corresponding lateral rectus muscle. A heterozygous hotspot mutation KIF21A c.2860C>T was identified in all patients, but it was absent in both parents. Haplotype analysis of the disease locus showed the likely maternal inheritance of the disease-associated haplotype to all three affected offspring, strongly suggesting maternal germline mosaicism of the mutation.
Germline mosaicism of KIF21A c.2860C>T is likely to cause the high occurrence of this mutation in the population. This information may be useful for genetic counseling. KIF21A mutations can affect the abducens nerve and cause complete absence of the bilateral superior rectus muscles. MRI characterization of new CFEOM1 phenotypes would assist clinical management.
We report the synthesis of single crystalline Co2Si nanowires, and electrical transport studies of single Co2Si nanowire devices at low temperature. The butterfly-shaped magnetoresistance shows interesting ferromagnetic features including negative magnetoresistance, hysteretic switch fields and step-wise drops in magnetoresistance. The non-smooth step-wise magnetoresistance response is attributed to magnetic domain wall pinning and de-pinning motion in the Co2Si nanowires probably at crystal defects or morphology defects. The temperature dependence of the domain wall de-pinning field is observed and is described by a model based on thermally assisted domain wall de-pinning over a single energy barrier.
nanowires; magnetoresistance; domain wall; de-pinning field
Hyperuricemia is frequently present in patients with heart failure. Many pathological conditions, such as tissue ischemia, renal function impairment, cardiac function impairment, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory status, may impact uric acid (UA) metabolism. This study was to assess their potential relations to UA metabolism in heart failure.
We retrospectively assessed clinical characteristics, echocardiological, renal, metabolic and inflammatory variables selected on the basis of previous evidence of their involvement in cardiovascular diseases and UA metabolism in a large cohort of randomly selected adults with congestive heart failure (n = 553). By clustering of indices, those variables were explored using factor analysis.
In factor analysis, serum uric acid (SUA) formed part of a principal cluster of renal functional variables which included serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Univariate correlation coefficients between variables of patients with congestive heart failure showed that the strongest correlations for SUA were with BUN (r = 0.48, P < 0.001) and SCr (r = 0.47, P < 0.001).
There was an inverse relationship between SUA levels and measures of renal function in patients with congestive heart failure. The strong correlation between SUA and SCr and BUN levels suggests that elevated SUA concentrations reflect an impairment of renal function in heart failure.
Serum uric acid; Heart failure; Renal function impairment; Factor analysis
Before 1986, scrub typhus was only found endemic in southern China. Because human infections typically occur in the summer, it is called "summer type". During the autumn-winter period of 1986, a new type of scrub typhus was identified in Shandong and northern Jiangsu province of northern China. This newly recognized scrub typhus was subsequently reported in many areas of northern China and was then called "autumn-winter type". However, clinical characteristics of associated cases have not been reported.
From 1995 to 2006, all suspected scrub typhus cases in five township hospitals of Feixian county, Shandong province were enrolled. Indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) was used as confirmatory serodiagnosis test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) connected with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analyses were used for genotyping of O. tsutsugamushi DNAs. Clinical symptoms and demography of confirmed cases were analyzed.
A total of 480 scrub typhus cases were confirmed. The cases occurred every year exclusively between September and December with a peak occurrence in October. The case numbers were relatively higher in 1995, 1996, 1997, and 2000 than in other years. 57.9% of cases were in the group aged 21–50. More cases occurred in male (56%) than in female (44%). The predominant occupational group of the cases was farmers (85.0%). Farm work was reported the primary exposure to infection in 67.7% of cases. Fever, rash, and eschar were observed in 100.0%, 90.4%, and 88.5% of cases, respectively. Eschars formed frequently on or around umbilicus, abdomen areas, and front and back of waist (34.1%) in both genders. Normal results were observed in 88.7% (WBC counts), 84.5% (PLT counts), and 89.7% (RBC counts) of cases, respectively. Observations from the five hospitals were compared and no significant differences were found.
The autumn-winter type scrub typhus in northern China occurred exclusively from September to December with a peak occurrence in October, which was different from the summer type in southern China. In comparison with the summer type, complications associated with autumn-winter type scrub typhus were less severe, and abnormalities of routine hematological parameters were less obvious.
Refractory congestive heart failure (CHF) with diuretic resistance is life-threatening and predicts a short life expectancy. Glucocorticoids have been proven to have potent diuretic effects in animal studies; however, their efficacy in CHF patients with diuretic resistance is not known.
Thirteen CHF patients with significant volume overload and diuretic resistance who failed to respond to a conventional sequential nephron blockade therapeutic strategy; that is, the coad-ministration of a thiazide (hydrochlorothiazide) and spironolactone, in combination with loop diuretics, were studied. Prednisone (1 mg/kg daily) was then added to standard care, with other medications unchanged, to determine diuretic efficacy in these CHF patients. Variables included body weight, urine volume, serum electrolytes and renal function.
Adding prednisone resulted in striking diuresis with a mean (± SD) body weight reduction of 9.39±3.09 kg. Prednisone significantly decreased serum creatinine by 52.21±48.68 μmol/L and increased glomerular filtration rate by 33.63±15.87 mL/min/1.73 m2 compared with baseline. All patients were discharged from hospital with improved clinical status and renal function, and 11 patients remained alive in the long term. The main side effect of prednisone appeared to be hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.
The present study demonstrated that prednisone can rapidly eliminate volume overload and improve clinical status and renal function in CHF patients with diuretic resistance. Further prospective randomized clinical studies are warranted to confirm its clinical efficacy.
Diuretic resistance; Furosemide; Heart failure; Prednisone; Renal function; Spironolactone
Rationale: Dysregulation of cellular metabolism has been shown to participate in several pathologic processes. However, the role of metabolic reprogramming is not well appreciated in the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis.
Objectives: To determine if glycolytic reprogramming participates in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis and assess the therapeutic potential of glycolytic inhibition in treating lung fibrosis.
Methods: A cell metabolism assay was performed to determine glycolytic flux and mitochondrial respiration. Lactate levels were measured to assess glycolysis in fibroblasts and lungs. Glycolytic inhibition by genetic and pharmacologic approaches was used to demonstrate the critical role of glycolysis in lung fibrosis.
Measurements and Main Results: Augmentation of glycolysis is an early and sustained event during myofibroblast differentiation, which is dependent on the increased expression of critical glycolytic enzymes, in particular, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). Augmented glycolysis contributes to the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, a master regulator of glycolytic enzymes implicated in organ fibrosis, by increasing cellular levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate succinate in lung myofibroblasts. Inhibition of glycolysis by the PFKFB3 inhibitor 3PO or genomic disruption of the PFKFB3 gene blunted the differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and attenuated profibrotic phenotypes in myofibroblasts isolated from the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Inhibition of glycolysis by 3PO demonstrates therapeutic benefit in bleomycin-induced and transforming growth factor-β1–induced lung fibrosis in mice.
Conclusions: Our data support the novel concept of glycolytic reprogramming in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis and provide proof-of-concept that targeting this pathway may be efficacious in treating fibrotic disorders, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
lung fibrosis; glycolysis; myofibroblast; PFKFB3; HIF-1α
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most heterogeneous cancers, as reflected by its multiple grades and difficulty to subtype. In this study, we integrated copy number variation, DNA methylation, mRNA, and miRNA data with the developed “cluster of cluster” method and classified 256 HCC samples from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) into five major subgroups (S1-S5). We observed that this classification was associated with specific mutations and protein expression, and we detected that each subgroup had distinct molecular signatures. The subclasses were associated not only with survival but also with clinical observations. S1 was characterized by bulk amplification on 8q24, TP53 mutation, low lipid metabolism, highly expressed onco-proteins, attenuated tumor suppressor proteins and a worse survival rate. S2 and S3 were characterized by telomere hypomethylation and a low expression of TERT and DNMT1/3B. Compared to S2, S3 was associated with less copy number variation and some good prognosis biomarkers, including CRP and CYP2E1. In contrast, the mutation rate of CTNNB1 was higher in S3. S4 was associated with bulk amplification and various molecular characteristics at different biological levels. In summary, we classified the HCC samples into five subgroups using multiple “-omics” data. Each subgroup had a distinct survival rate and molecular signature, which may provide information about the pathogenesis of subtypes in HCC.
Our studies investigating the existence of tumor-initiating cell (TIC) populations in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) had identified a subpopulation of cells isolated from ESCC patient-derived tumor specimens marked by an ALDHbri+ phenotype bear stem cell-like features. Importantly, KDM4C, a histone demethylase was enhanced in ALDHbri+ subpopulation, suggesting that strategies interfering with KDM4C may be able to target these putative TICs. In the present study, by genetic and chemical means, we demonstrated that, KDM4C blockade selectively decreased the ESCC ALDHbri+ TICs population in vitro and specifically targeted the TICs in ALDHbri+-derived xenograft, retarding engraftment. Subsequent studies of the KDM4C functional network identified a subset of pluripotency-associated genes (PAGs) and aldehyde dehydrogenase family members to be preferentially down-regulated in KDM4C inhibited ALDHbri+ TICs. We further supported a model in which KDM4C maintains permissive histone modifications with a low level of H3K9 methylation at the promoters of several PAGs. Moreover, ectopic expression of SOX2 restored KDM4C inhibition-dependent ALDHbri+ TIC properties. We further confirmed these findings by showing that the cytoplasmic and nuclear KDM4C staining increased with adverse pathologic phenotypes and poor patient survival. Such staining pattern of intracellular KDM4C appeared to overlap with the expression of SOX2 and ALDH1. Collectively, our findings provided the insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on the inhibition of KDM4C pathway for the eliminating of ESCC TIC compartment.
ESCC, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; TICs, Tumor-initiating cells; KDM4C, Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 4C
Adult stem cells have been well characterized in numerous organs, with the exception of the kidneys. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and isolate kidney-derived stem cells. A total of 12 Fischer 344 transgenic rats expressing the human diphtheria toxin receptor in podocyte cells of the kidney, were used in the present study. The rats were administered 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in order to detect cellular proliferation. After 60 days, the rats were treated with the diphtheria toxin (DT), in order to induce kidney injury. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the number of BrdU-positive cells were increased following DT treatment. In addition, the expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), a stem cell marker, was detected and suggested that kidney-specific stem cells were present in the DT-treated tissue samples. Furthermore, tissue samples exhibited repair of the DT-induced injury. Further cellular culturing was conducted in order to isolate the kidney-specific stem cells. After 5 weeks of culture, the majority of the cells were non-viable, with the exception of certain specialized, unique cell types, which were monomorphic and spindle-shaped in appearance. The unique cells were isolated and subjected to immunostaining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses in order to reconfirm the expression of Oct-4 and to detect the expression of Paired box 2 (Pax-2), which is necessary for the formation of kidney structures. The unique cells were positive for Oct-4 and Pax-2; thus suggesting that the identified cells were kidney-derived stem cells. The results of the present study suggested that the unique cell type identified in the kidneys of the DT-treated rats were kidney-specific stem cells that may have been involved in the repair of DT-induced tissue injury. In addition, these cells may provide a useful cell line for studying the fundamental characteristics of kidney stem cells, as well as identifying kidney-specific stem cell markers.
5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine labeling; octamer-binding transcription factor 4; paired box 2; kidney-derived stem cells; transgenic rats
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"Hard tack" was slang for "hard bread" or "crackers": A hard unsalted cracker which resisted spoiling, used for centuries on land and sea. This was factory made. Hard tack was part of the reduced field ration issued in mobile situations. Despite Southern issues of corn meal, there is documentary evidence that the Confederates issued hard tack, including a complaint in 1864 that troops in Virginia had only four hard crackers a day. The size of hard tack crackers appears to have varied by bakery, from the usual square slightly larger than a saltine cracker to a rectangle larger than a man's hand.
It's not just the ingredients - it's how you make it that makes hard tack last unrefrigerated. I've been eating this for years now. This hardtack recipe works - adapted from instructions in the Dixie Gun Works catalog, by my wife, Donna, with minor help from me:
wPreheat your oven to 350 degrees.
wMeasure out about two cups of flour and have a cup of water handy. (If you wish, you may put a little salt in the water. That was how they salted hard bread. But it appears to have often been unsalted.)
wPut the flour in a mixing bowl, and mix in the water a little at a time until you've got a dough. You may use more or less water - you mix until it's a dough, NOT until you put in all the water.
wNext roll your dough out, about 1/4 inch thick. (Thicker, up to 1/2 inch if you want to be more historical but harder on the teeth). It helps to do the rolling on a floured surface.
wNext cut the dough into squares - BIGGER than modern saltine crackers. Use a fork to prick holes in the tops of the squares: three rows of four tine holes looks about right. (I think the holes let steam escape.) Put the squares on a cookie sheet or pizza pan.
wBake at 350 degrees for the first 15 minutes, then turn the oven down to 250 and continue to bake another 30 minutes, then down to 200 and watch for another 30 minutes. Flip them with a spatula during this process. Bake until it's hard, and either still white or just begins to turn color from white NOT burned (in other words, watch your hardtack, don't just set the timer).
wNOW here's the secret to baking hard bread which I gleaned from C.S. Forrester:
Also note - there's no sense badmouthing hardtack. I understand "tack" was a period slang expression for any bad food. But my kids (2 and 3 when this was originally written), approaching it with no preconceptions, like hard bread. Think of it as wheat chips - without the oil and salt which make potato chips junk food. I suspect a lot of those 19th century farm boys just weren't prepared to like anything which wasn't Mama's home baked bread. In other words, recruits were not much different from their great great grandchildren in this century. Of course, some hard bread was evidently either not baked twice (to defraud the government), or wetted in shipment, and molded or was infested with weevils. But if you think about it, the weevils' eggs can't have survived the baking process, so it was a packaging problem.
Ian L. Straus
Originally written in 1998 as 2nd SGT, Co. K, 6th Texas Infantry
Return to main Reenacting Cooking page
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With professional hydrodynamic design, SEADRAGON can be freely in the water, underwater hover or free exploration can be easily implemented. The main compartment is airtight and cylindrically designed to protect important electronic equipment from moisture. Built-in huge capacity of battery offers longer run time (external power source as option).
Live 1080p HD Camera
SEADRAGON uses CUDA cores for real time vision and sensor fusion. You can use on-board cameras to do real-time HD video streaming of the underwater adventure.
Ideally Unlimited Control Distance (4G application)
SEADRAGON offers wired or 4G / LTE signal control. Provides end-to-end encryption with mutual certificate-based authentication and Video streaming function from multiple on-board cameras. You can control your SEADRAGON directly from your browser in any location.
Underwater Thruster Designed Specifically for Marine Robotics
Main tank body can adjust the counterweight to different environment of sea and fresh water. The brushless electric thruster system allows SEADRAGON to move quickly and quietly with a maximum forward speed of up to 2 knots.
High Scalability and Programmability
SEADRAGON uses Pixhawk autopilot chip, which can be programmed in Python (w/OpenCV) language. High compatibility and high scalability, you can customize the way you use SEADRAGON and build your own automated applications.
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The primary focus of my blog is to demonstrate how to embrace teachable moments in our everyday lives. In Part 1, I discussed the background of teachable moments and shared the “A-HA moments” that led me to fully realize the benefits of using teachable moments as a professional and a parent.
Here in Part 2, I want to highlight some of the benefits of utilizing teachable moments.
5 Benefits of Embracing Everyday Teachable Moments
- Helps children build and practice a variety of skills in natural, unintimidating settings. My husband started this routine with the girls after bath time. When he’s drying their hair with the towel, they practice counting…first in English and then in Spanish. I was amazed the other day when I overheard them get to 30 in both languages. He still has to help them with some of the numbers, but they love it and are so proud of themselves!
- Builds a relaxed learning environment where children feel comfortable asking questions and pondering answers. One day in the van, the girls were listening to a Disney Princess Sing-A-Long DVD. Delaney stopped in the middle of the song from “Sleeping Beauty,” and asked me if I thought Aurora had ugly eyes. I was taken aback, and asked, “What?!?!” She then told me that they said it in the song. I told her that I didn’t think that’s what they said, and we would look it up when we got home. The actual lyrics say, “I know you, that gleam in your eyes is so familiar a gleam.” I’m not quite sure what she heard, but I know that I’ve misunderstood lyrics before.
- Allows an opportunity to peer into the way a child sees the world. A current source of confusion for Delaney (my 4 year old) is related to the concept of time. For example, she has learned the names of the days of the week, but “weekdays/school days” vs. “weekend/no school” continues to baffle her. It’s one of the first things she asks in the morning when she wakes up (“What day is today? Do I go to school or sleep?”) and one of the last questions before she goes to bed (“What is tomorrow? Do I go to school or stay home?). We’ve also figured out that an added part of the mystery is that of “napping” vs. “sleeping at night.” For example, she thinks that if she naps on Saturday afternoon, it will be Sunday when she wakes up.
- Establishes a background knowledge base on which a child can add future information. The last time we vacationed in Florida, we visited an aquarium in Sarasota. One of the big exhibits they had was on manatees, and we were able to see a few of them swimming around and eating. Fast-forward to last night when Delaney picked a National Geographic Kids book about the oceans. One of the first pictures in the book was of a manatee. When she saw it, her face lit up. I asked her what it was, but she couldn’t remember the name. I gave her a few hints to see if she could figure it out, and then I told her it was called a manatee. She immediately started telling me about some of the things she remembered from our trip to the aquarium.
- Provides daily opportunities to practice skills. What kinds of skills? It could be just about anything…math, manners, opposites, science, vocabulary, reading, etc. *This is the purpose of my blog…to help you see and utilize these 😉
I hope that I have been able to shed some light on what teachable moments are and why they are so important. My goal is to continue to share my experiences and insights to help other parents and professionals learn how to incorporate this learning approach into their everyday lives.
I’d love to answer any additional questions that you might have or read about any teachable moments that you’d like to share. Please feel free to ask or comment below.
Thanks for reading!
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If you don’t change your behavior, if you don’t take responsibility for your actions, you will continue on the same path you’re dreading. As long as you are of sound mind and body, only YOU can change your life.
"In social psychology, the fundamental attribution error (also known as correspondence bias or attribution effect) describes the tendency to over-value dispositional or personality-based explanations for the observed behaviors of others while under-valuing situational explanations for those behaviors." In other words, we are sometimes biased to blame people and overlook their circumstances, when those circumstances have an affect on people's behavior.
Sickening – if you're doing drugs, especially in Indianapolis where there is a large immigrant population and some ties to these drug cartels – you may be fueling some of this horrific violence. Knock it off, loser.
I should say not. And can we go a step further? Beyond not re-electing politicians who vote FOR tax cuts for the wealthy? Can we burn them in effigy as well?
links for 2010-09-09
Posted in Recently Read
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An experience I had at Shakespeares' Globe Theatre in London which showed me that freedom of expression is not always guarenteed in England.
On Tuesday, 29th
May 2012 I attended Habima’s 19:30
performance of The Merchant of Venice. If I’d known that Habima
performed in the occupied territories, I wouldn’t have gone. However I didn’t
know that when I booked my non-refundable ticket and as someone half-Jewish in
origins I thought it’d be very interesting to see a play which has been used by
anti-Semites over the years being performed in Hebrew. I was indeed moved by
seeing Shylock – the classic anti-Jewish hate figure - speaking his famous
lines in Hebrew and it was a good production.
However my enjoyment was greatly spoilt by the bully boy
tactics both of the police and of the security services.
I wore my peace t-shirt which has both the Israeli and the
Palestinian flags on it and the words “Salaam” and “Shalom”. Bearing in mind
(a) I’d already been through all the security checks, (b) I had a ticket and
(c) the t-shirt had BOTH flags on it and not just one (and was about peace, not
violence), imagine my surprise when a security man stopped me. “Excuse me, I
can see your t-shirt has both flags on it but I can’t read it – what does it
say?” he asked. I politely told him it was “Peace… Peace”. He explained that
this was a fun evening, not a political evening, and asked me if I had nothing
else to wear. I told him I hadn't. He took me through a barrier and down some
steps and told me to take my t-shirt off and reverse it. I obediently did so.
I left when he said I could and was on my way to my seat
when a police officer stopped me. “Excuse me, sir,” he said, “it’s been brought
to my attention that you’re wearing your t-shirt inside out. Do you want to
tell me why?”
“Certainly,” I said. “The security man over there told me
“I see. It’s also been brought to my attention that you’ve
got the Palestinian flag on – I can see it on the inside. Do you want to tell
“Sure. It has both the Israeli and the Palestinian flags and
the word for “peace” in both their languages,” I said patiently.
“Well, this is a fun night, not a political night. Haven’t
you got anything else you can wear?” he asked.
“No,” I said. For the first time in my life (I’m a very
law-abiding person), I walked away from a police officer. I felt our
conversation had ended. I wasn’t a protester – I was a theatre-goer and I
hadn’t paid all that money to be harassed in my own country about which
national flags I had on my t-shirt. When I got to my box, there was a lady in
front of me with a massive Israeli flag. No-one had stopped her. When a
peaceful protester called out at one point that Palestinians were human beings,
she shouted back, “No they’re not”. She held her massive flag aloft at the end
and did a sort of dance with it. I think it was a political evening but
clearly not for people who wanted to be even-handed about the two nations.
There was someone patrolling behind the box where I was sitting the whole
night, which was disquieting.
Is it legal to discriminate against one flag like that, I
I was sad that this amazing idea for a play, a play dealing
with intolerance (particularly in their very interesting interpretation of it)
had somehow missed the point that there are many forms of intolerance.
Despite enjoying the play, I don’t feel inclined to go to
any performance by Habima again or, indeed, to the Globe Theatre. It wasn’t
until I was off their premises and in a good old English pub that I felt I was
back in my own free country and able to wear any t-shirt I liked the right way
round whilst sinking a pint without being hassled by anyone.
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The French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (MAEE) has set up a number of programmes aimed at developing scientific cooperation between France and partner countries. These bilateral programmes provide funding for international mobility among researchers and encourage the emergence of new partnerships.
Hubert Curien Partnerships (PHC)
France and its partners operate a total of 67 programmes known as the "Hubert Curien Partnerships" (PHC). The longest established among them were set up over thirty years ago with certain European partners (Spain, Germany), and some of the most recent are in Asia (Indonesia, China). Projects are selected according to criteria of scientific excellence and the complementary nature of the French and foreign teams. The involvement of young researchers and the innovative nature of the research are also taken into consideration. In most cases, calls for projects are open to all the scientific disciplines, including social and human sciences.
Other programmes such as COFECUB (Comité Français d’Evaluation de la Coopération Universitaire et Scientifique avec le Brésil), ECOS (Évaluation Orientation de la Coopération Scientifique) with Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay or the Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research (CEFIPRA) are very similar to PHC partnerships.
Networked research programmes(P2R)
P2R networked research programmes are theme-oriented (health, water, environment, etc.) and confined to a limited number of countries (Germany, India, China, Israel, South Africa). Their aim is to promote the development of cooperation on scientific priorities, whilst also fostering the creation of themed research networks.
In 2007, the MAEE partnered the Ministry of Higher Education and Research in launching "Frontiers of Science" (FOS) programmes with the United States, Japan and Taiwan. A new programme, "Frontiers of Engineering"(FOE) was set up with Japan in 2010. The programmes organise seminars for young researchers to engage in interdisciplinary discussions on designated scientific themes, which will hopefully identify new avenues for bilateral scientific cooperation.
Promoting regional scientific cooperation
The main aim of the regional scientific cooperation promoted by the MAEE is to strengthen the links between France and the scientific communities of countries in a particular region. It enables researchers to work together more closely and encourages the emergence of new research networks.
The programmes developed to date cover specific themes such as life sciences, information and communication science and technology, and mathematics.
The aim is to create a dynamic centred around joint research projects involving teams from different backgrounds. Calls for proposals are generally issued annually. Programme steering committees convene to select the successful projects. The funding provided by the French and foreign partners helps to support mobility amongst researchers. The involvement of young researchers is strongly recommended ; indeed, it is one of the selection criteria.
Regional cooperation enables teams from the different countries concerned to carry out shared research but it also offers them an opportunity to prepare for future responses to European calls for projects.
Updated on : 30.08.10
- Useful Links
- Investing in France
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Native Women Have to Work 9 Extra Months to Make the Same Salary as White Men Made Last YearSeptember 03, 2015
Stop us if you’ve heard this one before: There’s a pay gap between women and men, and that gap is even wider for women of color. But here are a few facts you might not have heard before: American Indian and Alaska Native women are paid just 58 cents for every dollar white men are paid. For Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, that number is 60 cents.
September 15 marks Native American women’s equal pay day, the day that the wages of American Indian and Alaska Native women catch up to the money white men earned last year. (It took about nine months, if you’re counting.) We’re using this occasion to honor all Native Americans, including Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, who would have reached “equal pay” back in July, right before black women did.
Here’s why you might not already know that: Native women are a notoriously understudied group. According to Catherine Hill, AAUW vice president of research, the relatively small size of their population is at least partially responsible for the lack of information. American Indians and Alaska Natives make up just 2 percent of the U.S. population, about 5.2 million men and women. There are just 1.4 million natives of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. In contrast, there are 200.9 million people in the white population and 45 million in the black or African American population.
The lack of data means that, for now, we can’t definitively say what is causing this gap, but we can hedge a few guesses. Native people face disproportionate rates of unemployment, poverty, and violence, as well as limited access to education, and women tend to bear the brunt of discrimination. Yes, there’s a pay gap between native men (who are underpaid) and native women.
There is some good news. Native American women are now going to college and holding jobs at higher rates than ever before, and we know that education and good jobs help increase earnings — though they don’t eliminate the wage gap. So for now, we’ll mark September 15, and keep agitating for some real change.
Note: AAUW uses two different data sources for earnings ratios by race/ethnicity. For African American, Asian American, and Latina and Hispanic women, we follow the Current Population Survey (CPS). Because the CPS lacks sufficient sample size for smaller demographic groups, we follow the American Community Survey (ACS) for Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, American Indian, and Alaska Native women.
Get the facts on another unequal pay day.
AAUW’s up-to-date report is the definitive breakdown of the pay gap in the United States.
Working moms often face a pay penalty, while dads get a bonus.
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New Health Ministry website will allow patients to seek immediate doctor’s approval for use of medical cannabis, a process that until now, unfortunately, has taken months.
Dr. Itay Gal
Israel’s war on medical marijuana seems to be coming to an end: Ynet has learned that the Health Ministry will next week launch a new website for patients to make an online request for cannabis to treat their illnesses. The website aims to make a significant dent in waiting times for treatment, with requests going immediately to medical experts for approval.
For Israelis trying to obtain medical marijuana, the past few years have been a nightmare. Patients have had to wait months for consultations, deal with lost bureaucracy, a lack of response from doctors and overwhelming frustration. But all of this is set to change next week.
With the new system, patients will go online, provide their personal details, and submit their specialist’s recommendation for medical marijuana. Within seconds, the request is received by a department dealing with marijuana approvals, where it is dealt with by one of 21 doctors who can approve it.
- The Israeli pharmacologist who kick-started marijuana research
- Number of doctors in Israel prescribing medical marijuana to double
- Israeli Study: Cannabis provides relief and could stall Crohn’s disease
The request is expected to be seen on the same day by the doctor, who will examine the request and approve on the spot if it meets the necessary criteria. This is in direct contrast to the long waits endured by patients seeking approval for medical marijuana. The Health Ministry is also expected to greatly increase the number of doctors who can actually prescribe the cannabis.
“The entire tale of medical marijuana is one of a very embarrassing snafu,” a senior Health Ministry source told Ynet. “I personally am embarrassed for the patients. Forms get lost, frustrated patients get no answers. I hope that the online authorization will have some impact in easing this cumbersome path to a prescription.”
There are approximately 12,000 people in Israel today who receive medical marijuana, and hundreds more are currently waiting for approval. In the past two weeks alone, some 400 patients received authorization for cannabis.
Most of the patients using medical marijuana in Israel suffer from neurological problems, such as MS, Parkinson’s and ALS. Others suffer from severe chronic pain caused by diseases such as cancer, fibromyalgia or amputation. Others still suffer from weight problems caused by anorexia or other eating disorders, and cannabis stimulates the appetite.
View original Ynet publication at: http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4481607,00.html
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A survey of 5,000 business decision-makers, IT decision-makers and app developers published suggests organizations are taking advantage of the crisis created by the global COVID-19 pandemic to accelerate the modernizing of apps using DevOps practices.
Conducted by the market research firm Vanson Bourne, the survey finds 80% of respondents said organizations must modernize the technologies they use to develop and deploy software to be more successful. Nearly as many (79%) said their organization will not be able to deliver a best-in-class end user experience without successfully modernizing software development processes.
In addition, 80% of respondents said embracing developer processes such as test and learn would enable organizations to work more effectively and efficiently.
The survey also finds some organizations are not letting a proverbial good crisis go to waste. A total of 70% said they have good or excellent alignment between application development and IT teams, up from 64% prior to the pandemic. Alignment between business teams and application development (67%) and IT teams (67%) increased by 10% and 12% respectively since the start of the pandemic, according to the survey results.
Sumit Dhawan, senior vice president and chief customer experience officer for VMware, said the need to make applications more accessible and reliable is accelerating a transition to the cloud. The survey finds the primary benefits of modernizing apps are enabling remote workforces (54%); pushing quick updates in response to changing landscape (42%); and maintaining reliable uptime (41%).
The scope of application modernization initiatives varies widely. Some organizations are simply lifting and shifting existing application workloads along with the virtual machines they run on into the cloud. Others are refactoring applications to run natively on a different virtual machine platform provider by a cloud service provider. Others are wrapping existing applications in containers so they don’t have to be refactored when deployed on another virtual machine. Still others are employing containers and Kubernetes to develop entirely new microservices-based applications that tend to be more flexible and reliable than existing monolithic applications.
Regardless of the path forward, the inability to physically access local data centers during the pandemic has accelerated a shift to the cloud that was occurring even before the pandemic hit. There still will be many applications that for performance, security and compliance reasons may need to remain in on-premises IT environments. However, it might not be long before IT organizations also modernize those applications to make them both more accessible, flexible and resilient.
Most IT teams will find themselves managing microservices-based applications alongside modernized monolithic applications for years to come. Over time, however, many of those monolithic applications will be deconstructed into a core set of microservices.
At the core of all those initiatives will be a set of best DevOps processes that each IT team defines for itself based on the nature of the application portfolio that needs to be developed, deployed, secured and maintained. The challenge now is determining which applications should be modernized versus simply replaced by either a software-as-a-service (SaaS) application or a custom cloud-native application that is a better fit for the purpose.
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A note about one of our newest partners from our Volunteer Coordinator Kendra Pierre-Louis: We’re huge fans of the East Village Community Coalition (EVCC), and not just because they graciously gave us a space to eat and access to their bathrooms while we were coating (a different) building in their neighborhood last week
(we can’t thank them enough). What makes the East Village Community Coalition awesome is its focus on human scale development a concept which encompasses broad ideas ranging from transportation, diversity, localism, and yes, environmental sustainability.
Human Scale development is a concept that is strongly in line with what we at the White Roof project are striving towards. After all, white roofs aren’t just great for the environment – they’re great for people too.
Here in New York City we’re once again baking in what feels like the ten thousandth day in which temperatures have soared above 90-degrees (a quick Google search assures us that it’s only about 9 days, though Bill McKibben courtesy of Think Progress happily reminds us that June’s heat wave broke a scarily impressive 3,215 temperature records). Even for those of us who like the heat, the heat is almost smothering.
This is why White Roofs are so fantastic – they cool buildings, and by proxy cities, immediately. Yes, long term white roofs lower electrical usage, cutting bills and reducing the amount of climate changing gasses in the atmosphere which will in turn, hopefully, eventually, reduce the number of 90-degree plus days. But we don’t have to wait for eventually to see the results – we can see the benefits to humans right away.
And that’s kind of awesome.
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You Can Listen to This Article Here
Common Uses for Social Media
In the current day and age, social media keeps on becoming that bit more prevalent. Something which was once used to chat with friends or to keep up with your favorite music artist now has so many different uses depending on your business, activity, or general niche.
There are social media services for law firms, for example, along with most other businesses – some might use social media to gain more clientele. In contrast, others might use it as a means of promoting a brand.
Here we will explore the most common uses of social media…
Uses for Social Media: Advertising
Since modern advertising was first developed, the process and sources have both come a long way. Large scale printing presses are no longer required to get the word out in the open. Many social media sites now allow for page or business advertising.
This can help you get information out to many people within a particular location, age group, or even listed interest at a budget of your choosing. The ability to factor in the type of people you want to reach can help you save money compared to advertising, which includes those who may not be your target audience.
Connecting with people is vital to maintaining your well-being. If an in-person connection is not possible, for instance, due to distance, then social media can help you bridge that gap. While social media cannot make up for human interaction, it can assist with keeping you in touch with people you cannot otherwise see and help you build new connections. Some people, particularly those living in remote locations or who have moved to new areas, can make a big difference in gaining or maintaining a social life.
One of the positive aspects of social media is sharing posts or pages with other people. This can help grow a product as well as advertising it yourself. When other people promote your items or share their review, you not only get an endorsement, you also get a person behind it who is validating the usefulness of your product. This can also help with sales.
For those who use social media to promote a form of artistry, this can also increase the viewer or listener count of any songs or videos that you release, again something that may not have been as feasible before the dawn of social media.
While social media can be useful for many avenues, it is still worth remembering that it has its negative sides. Businesses and individuals can both be harmed by activists known as ‘trolls’ who wish to cause trouble, and you cannot always guarantee that the person on the other side of the screen is who they claim to be.
Overall, however, social media can be a brilliant tool, when used correctly, for both individuals and businesses alike.
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"The problem with disorganisation is that, the worse it gets, the less possibility there seems of a return to order. You get bogged down and believe you will never get on top of things again. Schools use, for instance, prep diaries to help students get organised, but there will always be those who can't bring themselves to use them.
"Having to study subjects in which you are not interested can worsen your disorganisation, with consequences for all your other subjects. I know students who have become masters of excuses because they've become so disorganised they've washed their hands of the whole thing; it's the easier route.
"The best thing to do, as this teacher did, is to put the ball back in the student's court. She asked him how he wanted to change things for the better, then made him responsible for making that work. She was on his case. She made him see that she cared enough not to let him slip through the cracks.
"Teachers need to pay close attention to whether students are coping, because any who aren't will use disruption to distract themselves from what they really need to do."
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Word Circle is a game where you try to quickly identify the first letter of a word displayed in a circle. Sometimes you can find the start letter right away but some words can be pretty tricky. Word Circle makes for a great party game with your friends around a single device.
Word Circle currently supports English, Korean, Portuguese, French, German and Italian. More languages will be added in the future. The Korean language support in a word game like this is unique since Hangul “letters” are usually displayed in blocks. Look for more innovative Korean word games coming soom from Play a Game!
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- On the internet Lottery or Online Stop? Is it Money Down the Griddle Either Technique?
- Are New Apps For Monitoring Health Fantastic?
- Law Firm Ratings and Connected Facts
- Five Key Rules to Real Property Expenditure Riches
- Exactly why A person Ought To Make Use Of Community Media Inside Your own Online Casino Player Growth Initiatives
The profession of a property overall health treatment nurse, as with any caregiver or nursing task, will take hard operate, a serving individuality, and an desire in the health-related discipline. In long term care boca raton call for incredibly meticulous men and women since they frequently do not have a nearby nurse or physician to secondarily check function and presented therapies. Even so, the stop consequence of working in the house well being treatment business is very gratifying!
Aiding Men and women
The ability to aid other people within of the comfort and ease of their own houses provides a exclusive knowledge for property treatment nurses, therapists, and caregivers. It is much less complicated to develop relationships with individuals when a nurse is providing medical treatment inside that very patient’s property. It makes it possible for clients to open up up in greater depth about their lives and share tales about the numerous objects, photographs, and reminiscences that took area within of their house.
The a single on one treatment a affected person gets in a house treatment atmosphere frequently allows greater person attention. There are not the very same distractions of a healthcare facility place or additional individuals. A property treatment nurse is ready to give a hundred% of their interest to a single individual and their personalised treatment and care.
Residence nursing care is also fulfilling simply because the nurse is giving a affected person the likelihood to no lengthier really feel like a load to their households. Alternatively of an specific relying on pals and loved ones for groceries, drives to the physician, or meal preparation, the house care nurse can get treatment of these products. Even when loved ones and pals are a lot more than prepared to supply their treatment, it presents the affected person a perception of flexibility when they truly feel like they are no longer relying on the goodwill of other individuals.
Assisting Family members
The identical way that an specific feels responsible about demanding continuous treatment and routine maintenance from surrounding buddies and loved ones, the same feeling of guilt can occur inside of family members caretakers as properly. A house well being treatment nurse enables people to have free time absent from the guilt and stress of continual treatment. A lot of buddies or family may possibly even feel responsible about seeking additional free time and for that reason do not question.
Nonetheless, it does not always have to be this way. By hiring an in residence nurse, the patient is not only receiving attentive, quality care, but families can rest at peace realizing their loved one is becoming correctly and attentively cared for. It decreases the anxiety load of every day drives to therapy or the physician by employing an in property nurse. Virtually all medical therapies can be finished at property, as an alternative of driving to therapy or a doctor’s business office.
For family associates, it can be very a stressful ordeal finding out about numerous healthcare machinery and health care care, always questioning if care and maintenance is being administered correctly. Nevertheless, house nursing care men and women have the information, expertise, and healthcare history to confidently sustain health-related units. The loved ones no more time has to feel completely responsible for every single solitary facet of healthcare treatment. Therefore, it decreases the anxiety load and makes it possible for pals and household to target on the more essential items, like seeking at outdated photographs together, taking part in playing cards, or other kinds of bonding.
In essence, home overall health care nursing is just as significantly for the family members of a client as it is for the patients them selves. Property care nursing offers good quality care, whilst constructing lasting relationships!
With the steady rise of the little one boomer technology, and the latest alterations in wellness care, property overall health care has risen in popularity. The pricing is good, and the quantity of pressure related with in home care and nursing is extremely diminished.
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ERIC Number: ED174799
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1978-Aug
Reference Count: 0
Bicycle-Safety Education. Facts and Issues.
Cross, Kenneth D.
Current information on bicycle-safety education is provided for persons engaged in the development, evaluation, or use of bicycle-safety education programs and materials. Following an introduction to bicycle safety, section II provides a brief description of what is known about the size and composition of the U.S. population of bicycles and bicycle users. Section III describes what is known and not known about the magnitude of the bicycle-accident problem. Separate subsections are devoted to the discussion of bicycle/motor vehicle accidents. Data are presented on the characteristics of the accident-involved operators, the type and condition of the accident vehicles, the type of trip the operators were on when the accident occurred, and the types of accident locations. In addition, the accident-generation process is described for 36 different types of bicycle/motor-vehicle accidents. The accident location and the pre-crash actions of both vehicles are illustrated and discussed for the 25 most frequently occurring types of accidents and educational countermeasures are identified for each type of accident. Section VI contains a discussion and recommendations for specific educational objectives. The report concludes with a summary of the problems and issues that must be resolved before an effective educational program can be developed and implemented. (JH)
Descriptors: Accidents, Bicycling, Demography, Educational Objectives, Guides, National Surveys, Problems, Program Development, Safety Education, Tables (Data), Traffic Accidents
AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Room 328, 8111 Gatehouse Road, Falls Church, Virginia 22042 ($0.85)
Publication Type: Numerical/Quantitative Data; Guides - Non-Classroom
Education Level: N/A
Sponsor: American Automobile Association, Falls Church, VA. Traffic Engineering and Safety Dept.
Authoring Institution: Anacapa Sciences, Inc., Santa Barbara, CA.
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Jack Leslie (politician)
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (December 2010)
|29th Mayor of Calgary|
October 18, 1965 – October 22, 1969
|Preceded by||Grant MacEwan|
|Succeeded by||Rod Sykes|
|Born||June 15, 1920|
|Died||December 27, 2010 (aged 90)|
Born in Calgary, Jack Leslie received his primary and secondary school education in Calgary and attended the University of Alberta. With the outbreak of war, he left his studies in Edmonton and joined the Royal Canadian Air Force. He saw four years service as a pilot. Following the war, he obtained his A.A.C.I. degree from the Appraisal Institute of Canada and began to pursue a career in real estate.
In 1962, he ran for City Council and was elected as the representative for Ward 4. Jack Leslie served four years as an Alderman. He was instrumental in establishing the School Board Liaison Committee; led a successful fight to keep the Canadian Pacific Railway tracks off the banks of the Bow River; developed Nose Hill and Confederation parks; helped achieve "International" Airport status for Calgary; established the Airport Authority.
Leslie was elected mayor in 1965; he was the first native-born Calgarian to be elected mayor. During his tenure, major low-cost housing schemes were undertaken in several areas of the city, including Urban Renewal efforts; the Palliser Square project was completed and the transformation of Prince's Island into one of the city's beauty spots was begun.
He also assisted in making Deerfoot Trail a safer road by implementing plans for proper intersections and cloverleafs.
He served as mayor until 1969, being re-elected in 1967.
- Three Rivers Beckoned: Life & Times with Calgary Mayor Jack Leslie, by Jean Leslie
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What it is
When the pyloric sphincter muscle (the opening at the end of the stomach that connects to the small intestine) thickens or becomes abnormally big, it blocks food from entering your baby’s small intestine. Among other symptoms, babies with pyloric stenosis vomit up their food — and that can lead to dehydration and weight loss.
If your newborn has pyloric stenosis, you’ll realize it in the first few weeks of his life. The main symptom is projectile vomiting, which isn't at all like ordinary spit up. Babies with pyloric stenosis will vomit within a half hour of eating, spewing milk or formula a foot or more. Sometimes the vomit has blood in it. Other symptoms include constant hunger (because your baby isn't digesting), dehydration (because your baby can’t keep anything down), constipation, and weight loss. In some cases, you can actually see wave-like stomach contractions (called peristalsis), caused by the stomach muscles trying to force food through the pyloric sphincter. Doctors can sometimes feel a lump in the baby’s stomach from the enlarged muscle, and they may notice your baby’s swollen belly, which is a sign of dehydration. To confirm pyloric stenosis, doctors often order a stomach ultrasound, X-rays, and a blood test, which can reveal a lack of electrolytes as a result of the steady vomiting and dehydration.
Experts don’t know exactly what causes the pyloric sphincter to become so big, but it seems to have something to do with genetics because parents who had pyloric stenosis are more likely to have a baby with the condition. Some experts estimate that a baby has up to a 20 percent risk of developing pyloric stenosis if a parent had it. There is also evidence that taking certain antibiotics late in pregnancy or giving certain antibiotics to babies in the first two weeks of life is linked with pyloric stenosis.
How Common It Is
The incidence of pyloric stenosis is about four per 1,000 births, affecting boys about four times more than girls. The condition is also most common in first-born children and in Caucasians.
The standard — and most effective — treatment is surgery, known as pyloromyotomy. The procedure, which can be performed through a tiny incision in the baby’s belly button, is done under general anesthesia. It involves cutting and spreading apart the outside layer of the pyloric muscles to open the passageway from the stomach to the intestines. When babies are diagnosed with pyloric stenosis, they are often scheduled for surgery that same day in order to get nutrients moving through their systems as quickly as possible. If there is severe dehydration when a baby is diagnosed, doctors may give IV fluids first to restore electrolytes before going ahead with the surgery. After surgery, babies often receive more IV fluids and are usually able to eat within a few hours; they can go home within a couple of days.
Hope for the Future
Surgery for pyloric stenosis tends to be safe, fully effective, and is not linked with any other future gastrointestinal problems. There is research being done on nonsurgical techniques to treat pyloric stenosis. These techniques involve a combination of steroid injections (to shrink the enlarged pylorus) and endoscopic balloon dilation (to widen the opening from the stomach to the small intestine), but they aren’t common at this point.
Where to Find Help
Be sure to talk with your pediatrician about your baby’s symptoms. Pyloric stenosis can be confused with reflux (frequent spit up) or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which the contents of the stomach come back up and cause symptoms such as spit up, irritability, and poor weight gain. To learn more about pyloric stenosis, go to the American College of Gastroenterology. To find other parents who are dealing with the condition, consider starting a discussion on WTE’s special concerns group.
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Jim Newman was blessed with a great gift; he could distill the essence of what he called “high-performance behavior” into practical, easy-to-follow steps. He devoted his life to sharing this gift with others. Those of us fortunate enough to have known him are infinitely richer for it. He is gone now, but this book, Release Your Brakes!© is his profound legacy.”-Lindsey L. Davidson, President & CEO, The PACE®Organization, Inc.
Release Your Brakes!©was written over 40 years ago (copywritten in 1977) by the PACE® Organization founder, the late James Newman. In this exciting “roadmap” for success, his groundbreaking book features chapters on the following:
1) Take charge of your life – Change, in your self and in your life, is inevitable. You are guiding that process of change, and you have been doing so all of your life, by intent or by default. Now is the time to decide what you want to accomplish, what kind of person you want to become and then make it happen, deliberately, intentionally.
2) A system of release – A new approach to increased effectiveness and success. Instead of “pressing” – trying harder to do better – release the wealth of unused potential which is available to you.
3) Potential and performance – The key to more effective, productive use of your potential is to be found in the emotional patterns which you have adopted … how you feel about yourself, your job, your family and the rest of the world which surrounds you.
4) The whole person system – The human mechanism is a complex system of complex systems. Every change in any part of the Whole Person causes reactions or adjustments throughout the entire system.
5) The conscious mental process – Four primarily conscious processes which account for a major segment of your behavior, and which function as the “programmer” in the development of your subconscious “REALITY” structure.
6) The subconscious mental process – Three activities of your mental system which are largely automatic or subconscious play a vital role in guiding and directing your behavior.
7) The care and feeling of attitudes – Patterns of information and emotion are the cumulative result of your own though/feeling processes, and the primary keys to effective behavior.
8) The importance of childhood conditioning – When you were very young your emotion, positive and negative, played a particularly important role in the initial formation of many basic attitude patterns.
9) You tend to act like yourself – The most important segment of your “REALITY” structure is the combination of information and feelings you have about yourself, and that self-image acts very much like the setting on a thermostat.
10) Constructive imagination – Your imagination is a powerful tool which can be used to deliberately, purposefully change patterns of behavior and release your potential.
11) How to use constructive imagination – A proven six-step process with which you can apply Constructive Imagination to your own life.
12) The high performance syndrome – The qualities which help individuals to function more effectively can also be strengthened in groups and in other people with whom you work and live.
13) How goals release potential – Use Constructive Imagination to make your goals a vital part of your “REALITY” structure so that they release energy, stimulate creativity and expand awareness to achieve the goals more quickly and easily.
14) Self-esteem – a foundation for effective behavior – Your inner feelings of worth and value as a person have a direct impact on your ability to function effectively.
15) You are “they” – You are a creature of choice, and you live with the consequences of your behavior. How you feel about that cause and effect principle is either releasing or limiting your use of your potential.
16) Building better bridges – You know a lot more about how to communicate with other people than you act like you know. Here is the key emotional pattern which will help you to achieve higher levels of understanding in all of your relationships.
17) There is a better way – All human beings are creative by nature. Here are some ways that you can allow your innate creative abilities to flow more easily and more consistently to help you solve the puzzles of your life.
18) Pressure-turn-on or tie-up? – Top performers in any field of endeavor are usually under the greatest pressures, yet they seem to do their best when the pressure is most intense. Here’s how to respond to the real pressures of your life in a more positive, productive way.
19) Learn how to relax – A simple technique for learning how to relax whenever you want to do so, and a practical application of this method to accelerate the changes you want to make in your “REALITY” structure.
20) You are changing the world – As you direct and manage change in yourself and the various groups of which you are a part-and as you help others to release their potential-you are changing the world. How, and in what direction, are you affection the future of the human race?
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These trees can grow up to 1-2 feet per year until established and then grow 6-9 inches per year. Emerald Green Arborvitae trees’ dense green, scale-shaped foliage is colorful year-round and fans out in feather-like sprays.
How many feet do Emerald Green arborvitae grow each year?
Thuja Emerald Green Arborvitae can grow up to 1 foot per year, and grows nearly straight up.
How long does it take emerald green arborvitae to mature?
Emerald Green eventually grows 12-15 feet (3.7-4.5 m.) tall and 3-4 feet (9-1.2 m.) wide, reaching its mature height in 10-15 years. As a variety of Thuja occidentalis, Emerald Green arborvitae are members of the eastern white cedar family.
How can I make my emerald green arborvitae grow faster?
How Can You Make Them Grow More Quickly?
- 1 – Plant Them at the Right Time of the Year. …
- 2 – Plant Them in Acidic Soil. …
- 3 – Choose the Right Type of Arborvitae. …
- 4 – Plant Them Correctly. …
- 5 – Care for Them Properly During Winter Time. …
- 6 – Make Sure You Water Them Properly.
How fast do arborvitae grow in a year?
This tree grows at a slow to medium rate, with height increases of anywhere from less than 12″ to 24″ per year.
How close can you plant emerald green arborvitae to your house?
Most arborvitaes grow six feet wide, so that’s how far apart you plant them. You don’t want them choking each other, because they’ll start thinning out and losing foliage at the bottom. And you should always plant things far enough from the side of the house that you maintain a foliage-free zone of at least 12 inches.
How do I know if my arborvitae is dying?
Here are a few ways to tell if your arborvitae is dying.
- 1 – The Bark Turns Brittle and Brown and Starts Cracking. …
- 2 – Lack of Healthy Leaves. …
- 3 – Excessive Amounts of Deadwood. …
- 4 – Fungus and Pests. …
- 5 – Foot Damage. …
- 6 – Scratch Test.
What should I plant next to arborvitae?
Popular Companion Plants
Boxwoods are a great choice to plant alongside Emerald Green Arborvitae as well, especially for formal landscapes. It’s easy to work in a Wintergreen Boxwood square hedge in front of or beside your trees.
Do emerald green arborvitae have invasive roots?
Fortunately, the Emerald Green Arborvitae roots are not invasive and it can be planted near pools, sidewalks, and roads!
How tall and wide Do emerald green arborvitae get?
Appearance. Emerald Green Arborvitae trees, also known as ‘Smaragd’ due to their Danish origins, grow in a narrow pyramid shape, eventually to 10-15 feet tall and 3-4 feet wide.
Do arborvitae like coffee grounds?
Also, I have read in several books that coffee grounds are good for fertilizing evergreen trees like arborvitaes because the grounds provide acidity. Coffee grinds, although somewhat acidic, would not be a substitute. … Use slow-release, granular fertilizer with a higher first number, such as 12-6-4 or 10-8-6.
Will arborvitae grow back after turning brown?
Brown arborvitae can be saved from conditions that cause it to brown, but it usually doesn’t change back to the healthy green it once was. That doesn’t mean the entire tree can’t be saved, however. … Give the tree time to see if it’s able to recover or if the new growth from the tree is any different.
Are coffee grounds good for evergreens?
For example, adding coffee grounds or organic matter around your evergreens’ soil is a good place to start if you need to increase your soil’s acidity.
How much does a 6 ft arborvitae cost?
Nursery Shrubs / Evergreens available for 2021
|Green Giants Arborvitae|
|Arborvitae 4-5 feet||$75.00|
|Arborvitae 5-6 feet||$85.00|
|Arborvitae 6-7 feet Reg.||$110.00|
|Arborvitae 6-7 feet Heffy||$125.00|
What makes arborvitae grow faster?
It is recommended that you use nutrient rich soil when planting instead of applying fertilizer. Mature and established arborvitae can be fertilized to help speed up growth rate and help the plant grow stronger branches. It will also help encourage green leafy foliage and speed up the growth rate each year.
Do arborvitae attract bugs?
Arborvitae face a variety of challenges with pests and disease. Pest problems include bagworms, scale, leafminers, and spider mites. Occasional disease issues such as tip blight can also occur. When plants are young or under stresses, it may also be a good idea to fertilize trees and shrubs on a regular basis.
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On October 11, 2000 The Ritz-Carlton was on the eve of opening Washington DC’s first luxury hotel in 10 years. The 300 room hotel was part of a $225 million complex owned by Millennium Partners. This would be the first hotel opened of a six hotel deal between Millennium Partners and The Ritz-Carlton. Millennium Partners owned the properties and The Ritz-Carlton was hired to operate the hotels. After only seven days of training the 400 person staff would open the doors the next morning.
James McBride, the general manager, faced pressures concerning the training approach The Ritz-Carlton had established. Millennium had two primary problems with the seven day training process. First, they felt seven days was not an adequate amount of time to get an entire hotel staff trained to provide flawless service. Secondly, they felt there was a revenue loss since the hotels typically only opened at 50% occupancy due to the limited training.
Managing a hotel chain had a key potential problem - there were two different customers. They had the hotel guests to service and satisfy, but they also had the hotel owners to satisfy. Millennium Partners, who owned the D.C. hotel and had over $700 million invested in all six hotels, had concerns over opening a new hotel with new staff that had seven total days of training. The hotel owners expected complete perfection from the first day of operations. Training new staff to perform at the level of excellence expected within seven days represented a risk to Millennium and also The Ritz-Carlton. A mistake here could result in losing contracts for the remaining five hotels.
In addition, Millennium had contracts with The Ritz-Carlton’s largest competitor – the Four Seasons. Over the previous three years, while the Ritz-Carlton had achieved higher occupancy rates, the Four Seasons had averaged higher Average Daily Rates and Revenue Per Available Room. For an average 300 room hotel this could equate to nearly $2M higher revenue for hotels operated by Four Seasons (Exhibit A).
A second concern was The Ritz-Carlton’s policy of opening the hotel at a 50% occupancy rate. Millennium questioned if more training would allow the company to open at a higher rate. The D.C. hotel was part of a multi-use site that included condominiums, so flawless service was even of greater importance from day 1. This would be The Ritz-Carlton’s first attempt at opening a hotel in a multi-use facility.
Recommendation and Rationale
The concerns of the Millennium Group were understandable. However, the success of The Ritz-Carlton training process was undeniable. The seven day training process was just one key element in implementing The Ritz-Carlton philosophy that was founded on customers, employees, and quality. Therefore, it is recommended to keep the training process in place. There are three primary reasons for keeping it in place.
The first reason is that the training process immediately helped to transform the employees’ behavior. The Seven Day Countdown was the training period prior to a new property opening. This seven day training period was the only training the staff would receive prior going live. The training was kicked off with a welcome from management and the President of the company. The first two days of training were dedicated to orienting employees to The Ritz-Carlton values and culture. The company believes that it is critical to take time to enforce these values slowly and immediately. They feel that behaviors can only be changed as a result of a significant emotional change, such as a new job. During the two day orientation employees learn about the company, each other, Gold Standards, service and leadership philosophy. The focus of the remaining 5 days is on skills training.
During the training staff employees were taught the importance of the guest experience. The Ritz-Carlton philosophy to achieving excellence in customer...
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The Women’s Health concentration, within the Master’s Program in Medical Sciences, has been developed to provide an innovative interdisciplinary study for issues of women’s health. The program integrates several disciplines, including biochemistry, molecular biology, oncology, physiology, aging, regenerative medicine and gender medicine to provide a solid medically-relevant foundation. The rigorous course work and elective research component allow students to demonstrate their academic ability for future graduate or professional programs and promotes the broad intellectual focus required of health-care professionals.
The program provides future doctors, researchers and health care professionals solid training in basic and applied biomedical sciences. The research component of the program allows the students the option to engage in basic science or clinical research with some of the most prominent mentors in the field. The 32 credit hour course work encompass an interdisciplinary approach that includes women’s physical, mental, and psychological health, as well as the politics of women’s health. The program is designed to be completed within one-year and prepare the students to engage in several medical, social, and professional careers in health, with a special training in women’s health issues.
Total program hours: 32 credit hours minimum
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Most web site owners who are only starting up are a lot more than happy to only marketplace using paid for posts and advertisements, and they only cross their fingers these strategies will not be ineffective. By following these suggestions it's possible for you to increase the popularity of your website.
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You might really have the ability to acquire some traffic to your own website while your website is rated on the back pages, but your traffic would grow when you began to execute the Search Engine Optimization strategies that are appropriate. You can begin to lift the profile of your web site by applying the suggestions you have only read in this post.
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- Hide menu
The term “raw food diet” refers to the consumption of foods that haven’t been cooked or treated at temperatures above 105-115 degrees. Above this temperature food and especially the enzymes in the food begin to degrade. Therefore adding a greater percentage of raw foods into your diet can have amazing health benefits.
Whether you eat 100% raw, high raw with some cooked or just some raw, no matter where you stand, I think we can all agree that consuming more fresh greens, vegetables, fruits, fats, sprouted nuts / grains, fermented foods and proteins is an excellent way to reach or maintain your optimal health.
You have to choose your own path, one that resonates with your own body. All cooked food is deficient in enzymes, furthermore cooking food changes the molecular structure and some people feel that it renders it toxic. But on the other hand, there are some foods that render more nutrients once cooked. So I feel that balance is important and to really know your foods.
Enzymes are a necessary part of our diet and assist in the digestion of foods. And are thought to be the “life-force” of food. Somebody once pointed out to me that if you put a raw carrot and a cooked carrot in the ground the raw one can grow whereas the cooked one can’t.
So this might be a little esoteric but whatever it is in the raw one that makes it so it can grow, that “life-force”, when you eat raw you get that in your food. Also our bodies are incapable of creating most enzymes and must get them from what we eat, so why not eat as many as possible?
The recipe section of Nouveau Raw has only raw recipes, however here and there I may use a cooked or processed ingredient. I have done this either because my body digests the cooked form better than the raw, it might be the only ingredient that I am aware of to create a certain flavor or I may not have access to anything else. This site and its recipes weren’t designed to persuade you to become 100% raw, it is just a vessel that I use to share recipes. I hope it might help you increase the amount of fresh whole foods in your diet. I am not here to argue the raw food beliefs, or to say that there is only one path in obtaining health. I simply want to share recipes, encourage you to be creative in the kitchen and to nourish your body with love and the best quality of ingredients.
Much to my delight raw foods are starting to make their presence felt in the market. Raw foods obviously are nothing new, the concept has been around forever. But as the percentage of people who are concerned about the effects of what they eat has on their health, this dietary choice has become more and more popular. The Internet can entertain you with raw food ideas, recipes, and concepts till the end of time! Not to mention all the wonderful books on the market that break it all down in so many ways.
If you are considering in switching over to a high raw diet or even in just adding a few dishes here and there I recommend that you arm yourself with a little knowledge ahead of time. If you don’t, you are setting yourself up for some frustrations and possibly failure. And I sure don’t want anyone to have that experience.
It is important to check out all your local grocery stores, health food stores and farmers markets. Compare products and prices. Also, don’t be afraid to ask your local grocery store to start carrying a certain product. It never hurts to ask. You might even find better deals online. I do try to shop local whenever I can. I do however buy several items from companies such as Nuts-On-Line and even Amazon (who I can usually get next day free shipping!) but to be honest there are tons of wonderful Internet sites that offer wide varieties and selection. Google is your friend!
Be sure to buy ORGANIC and SEASONAL produce whenever possible. Organic food doesn’t contain toxins like pesticides, heavy metals, dangerous industrial chemicals (for example, artificial flavors, colors or preservatives). And everything in it is natural: it’s real food, not “Frankenfood” created in a laboratory for profit regardless of the fact that genetically modified, synthetic foods have massive, well-known health hazards.
This is a topic that could on and on, so I recommend that you do some research to better educate yourself about the hazards of consuming non-organic produce. The Living Foods site has a great write-up.
The idea of raw foods goes beyond just fruits and vegetables. The raw food diet also includes nuts, seeds, some raw dairy (if you are not Vegan), raw sweeteners, and many other items. But what does that mean when it comes time to buy? Here are a few examples:
Raw Nuts and Seeds
Having the right tools in the kitchen will make things much easier and more fun. This is a lesson well learned from my husband. “Be sure to have the right tools to get the job done” I can’t tell you how many times we have chased down the Snap-On truck. haha The kitchen is no different.
To prepare raw dishes you don’t need a lot of different pieces, just a few good quality ones will help you be on your successful way. I often find really good deals on Craigslist. I have purchased a Vitamix Blender and an Excalibur Dehydrator for a fraction of the new price. So to start off, check Craigslist, Ebay, or even ask friends or family if they have stuff that they would be willing to lend to you. If you are a kitchen gadget lover as I am, there are all sorts of other tools of the trade that are fun to play with.
I won’t go into depth on this topic because it deserves more than just a paragraph but I do want to share a word of caution. Anytime you make dramatic changes in your diet, your body is bound to let you know that something is happening inside. Whether those changes are for the good or the bad, you will begin to see the effects of your choices.
With that being said, be gentle with yourself as you start to explore the raw food culinary world! You can jump in with all the gusto in the world, read, learn, study, and prepare yourself mentally for the change of diet. But please ease into it, raw, whole foods can cause a cleansing effect on your body especially when you are just starting out.
A raw food detox diet is a great way to cleanse the body. If you do it well, it removes toxins or other contaminants that are stored in our body fat and cells. Detoxing improves health, energy, immune system, memory and digestion.
Many of us don’t have wonderful raw food restaurants in our home towns and if that is the case, what do we do? I am going to speak strictly from experience here. When I decided to try the raw food diet, I went 100% over night. I am not sure I would recommend this to everyone but for me, it worked. Eating raw at home was a tad bit of a challenge when I first started my new of eating but eating out was a whole new can of worms (er nuts?).
Whether you eat 100%, 80% or 50% raw, take time to educate yourself about the restaurants in your area. These days you can Google just about every restaurant and view their menus online prior to going out. Doing this step will save you time and many headaches. When I didn’t do this step I found that it took a bit of time and many questions to the waitress as to what they might have in the kitchen to accommodate my diet. This then caused the whole dinner to revolve about MY eating habits with those around me. It’s not that I don’t mind talking about raw foods to others, I actually love to but sometimes I just want to enjoy my food and focus on other things.
So again. as you read though the menu, take note of all the fresh veggies or fruits that are offered in various dishes. From there you can build your own personal salad or plate. Many times I would just explain to the waitress that I would love for the chef to build me his own creation, using every raw vegetable that he had in the kitchen. Often times chefs love this freedom to make something new and beautiful. So don’t be discouraged, just be creative!
This web-site is not intended to provide medical advice. All content, including text, graphics, images and information available on this site is for general informational, entertainment and educational purposes only. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional diagnosis or treatment. The author of this site is not responsible for any adverse effects that may occur from the application of the information on this site. You are encouraged to make your own healthcare decisions, based on your research and in partnership with a qualified healthcare professional.
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Africa provides a comprehensive and contigious time line of human development going back at least 7 million years. Africa, which developed the world's oldest human civilization, gave humanity the use of fire a million and half to two million years ago. It is the home of the first tools, astronomy, jewelry, fishing, mathematics, crops, art, use of pigments, cutting and other pointed instruments and animal domestication. In short Africa gave the world human civilization.
Millions of years ago human life started in Africa, Australopithecus aphaeresis and Australopithecus africanus and Australopithecus robustus were all key rungs in the development of humanity. These fossils were found in East and South Africa (Azania). Some of the fossils may be as old as 5 million years. For example Australopithecus robustus fossils found in an East Turkana Kenya site were at least 4 million year old.
It is generally accepted that the Homo habilis were the first full fledge tool making ancestor of humans. The earliest archaeological evidence of toolmaking comes from the Koobi Fora section of East Turkana. These Homo habilis are believed to be at least 2.5 million years old. The name Homo habilis comes from the Leakeys. They found what they believed to be conclusive fossil evidence of the first humans in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania and gave these ancestors that name called Homo habilis.. The Olduvai Gorge Homo habilis existed at least a million and quarter years ago
More important than tool making in human evolution is the mastery of fire. Nearly 2 million years ago early East Africans had mastered the use of fire. This was a revolutionary step in the development of humanity. This critical innovation insured the survival and spread of the species around the planet. It gave us an advantage over animal predators such as the big cats, hyenas and allowed human settlements in less accommodating climates. These people have been named Homo erectus by archaeologists. It is generally accepted that the final leap from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens sapiens as having occurred in Africa over two hundreds thousand years ago.
The Encyclopedia of World History describes the use of mtDNA found in fossils as a means of revealing the processes involved in this final leap. (The acronym mtDNA stands for mitochondrial DNA*.)
Molecular biologists like Alan Wilson and Rebecca Cann have studied the human family tree using this form of DNA, which is inherited through the female line without being diluted with paternal DNA. Thus, they argue, it provides a unique tool for studying ancestral populations. They compared mtDNA from Africans, Asians, Europeans, and Southeast Asians and found that the differences between them were small. They formed two groups: one was the Africans, the other the remainder. Wilson and Cann concluded that all modern humans derive from a primordial African population, from which populations migrated to the rest of the Old World with little or no interbreeding with existing archaic human groups. By calculating the rate of mtDNA mutations, they argue that archaic Homo sapiens evolved from Homo erectus in Africa by about 200,000 years ago. Then Homo sapiens sapiens, anatomically modern humans, appeared some 140,000 years ago. Mitochondrial DNA is still controversial, but there is some archaeological evidence from Africa that supports the biologists' scenario. Highly varied, early Homo sapiens populations flourished in sub-Saharan Africa between 200,000 and 150,000 years ago, some of them displaying some anatomically modern features. At the Klasies River Caves on the Indian Ocean coast of South Africa, anatomically modern human remains date to between 125,000 and 95,000 years ago. They are associated with sophisticated, versatile tool kits that were, if anything, superior to those used by the Neanderthals in Europe at the time.
Many scientists believe that Homo sapiens sapiens, modern humans, did indeed evolve in tropical Africa sometime after 150,000 years ago, as the geneticists argue. Ecologist Robert Foley has theorized that modern humans evolved in a mosaic of constantly changing tropical environments, which tended to isolate evolving human populations for considerable periods of time. Some groups living in exceptionally rich areas may have developed unusual hunting and foraging skills, using a new technology so effective that they could prey on animals from a distance with finely made projectiles. With efficient technology, more planning, and better organization of both hunting and foraging, our ancestors could have reduced the risks of living in unpredictable environments in dramatic ways.
*Mitochondrial is defined as: 1. A spherical or elongated organelle in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material and many enzymes important for cell metabolism, including those responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy. It consists of two membranes: an outer smooth membrane and an inner membrane arranged to form cristae. 2. The cell organelle where much of cellular respiration takes place; the "power plant" of the cell. Mitochondria probably entered eukaryotes by an act of endosymbiosis, in which one simple cell was absorbed by another. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. It is by tracing the mitochondrial DNA, which individuals inherit only from their mothers, that genetic linkages are often traced (Sources: the Houghton Mifflin Company Medical and Science Dictionaries)
- Complete Hominid Time Line found only in Africa. Chad 7 million years ago Ethiopia 5 million years ago South Africa 3.5 - 4 million years ago
- Oldest Stone Tools: dated back to 2.5 million years ago in Ethiopia and other parts of the Rift Valley
- Domestic Use of Fire: 1.4 million years ago.
- Oldest Fossils of Modern Man (Homosapiens, Sapiens) 195,000 years ago in Ethiopia
- Oldest Example of Fishing - 110,000 years ago, N. E. Africa & South Africa
- Oldest Use of Pigments, 150,000 years ago, Rift Valley & South Africa
- Oldest Bone Tools, 90,000 years ago in South Africa
- Oldest Barbed Points & Hook, 70-90,000 years ago, N.E. & South Africa
- Oldest Jewelry Beads, 90,000 years ago, Central & South Africa
- Oldest Homesite, 90,000 years ago, Sudan
- Stargazing, 43,000 years ago, Nile Valley
- Iron Ore Mining, 40,000 years ago
- Oldest Known Mathematical Artifact, 37,000 years ago, Lebombo Bone, Swaziland
- Oldest Example of Math Calculations, 27,000 years ago, Ishango Bone, Zaire
- Oldest Rock Art (Apollo II Rock Shelter) Namibia, 28,000 years ago
- Animal Domestication, 15,000 years ago, Ethiopia
- Crop Cultivation, 18,000 years ago
|
<urn:uuid:4cec74a7-36c2-4f94-a485-474ea853156b>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.panafricanperspective.com/origins/earlyafricans.html
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|
en
| 0.92278
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| 3.609375
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Amid all the market research consultancies promising insights into the elusive Chinese consumer, Cathy Huang's company occupies an unusual niche. A designer by training, Ms. Huang helps Western companies retool their products for the Chinese market, or dream up new ones.
For U.S. home fixtures brand Moen, Shanghai-based China Bridge designed a bathroom unit with a deep sink after research showed that China's consumers hand-wash more laundry than Westerners. Chinese buyers also want to maximize space, so the unit's bottom drawer doubles as a kids' stepstool.
Ms. Huang said standard market research falls flat because "no customer can tell you the future." Pairing research with design powers innovation, she says.
Founded nine years ago, China Bridge now has about 30 employees and a client list ranging from Johnson & Johnson to BMW.
Ms. Huang, 35, has taken an unusual life path. She failed two years of primary school, skipping the rote-learning homework that is a focus of Chinese schooling so she could build kites and boats. Her first job was at China's Haier, where she designed appliances and logged 25 patents.
After being hired by GE/Fitch's joint venture, she was named its marketing director for China before age 30. Ms. Huang and her husband Rudy Wimmer, China Bridge's managing director, own three Belgian beer bars called Kaiba. The businesses started as a side project but now have about as many employees as China Bridge.
Ms. Huang has also lent her expertise to the Library Project, which has donated more than 750 libraries to Chinese schoolchildren.
Founder Tom Stader said Ms. Huang always gives 100%. "I went in to ask her to design a box" for collecting donated books, he said. "And I came away with a massive six-month process to reimagine our entire book-donation program."
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<urn:uuid:69d6d2c2-1906-454b-a6f8-badc2cbe24e0>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://adage.com/article/special-report-chinas-women-to-watch/china-bridge-s-cathy-huang-helps-brands-retool-products/236186/
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|
en
| 0.969707
| 386
| 1.546875
| 2
|
The workplace has reconfigured over past decades from private offices to cubicles, and now the de rigeur open plan schemes are seeing a backlash. It may well be that some people just have a problem with working out of an office -- rather than their homes.
Nearly two out of three large companies in the U.S. permit occasional telecommuting, about double the number from 2005, a 2013 study found. But just 33% of major employers allow "regular" telecommuting--just 2% more than what it was in 2005. And the Telework research network found in 2013 that only 2.5% of Americans consider home their primary workplace.
Still, a small but growing number of companies are taking a more radical stance and doing away with offices altogether, relying on collaborative tools like Slack and Dropbox. There are 76 companies on the most recent list from FlexJobs of virtual companies and distributed teams. Those companies, which operate either mostly or entirely virtually, include tech outfits like Basecamp, Mozilla, Upworthy, and FlexJobs itself. The inaugural list last year had just 26 companies. The number of remote or telecommuting job listings on the site also rose 26 percent in 2014 over the previous year.
The open source software startup NodeSource has no headquarters and operates virtually using cloud-based tools like Google Hangouts, Slack, and Dropbox. Its CEO Joe McCann calls the work scheme "Distributed by Design," since they planned it this way from the beginning. NodeSource has about 25 employees, about three quarters of whom are full time, scattered from New York to Austin to San Francisco, and internationally from London to Singapore to Australia. Employees are given Airbnb stipends, and everyone meets up once a year for an all-hands retreat.
McCann has not met them all, which he admits is "super weird," but he brings up an example of seeing engineers sitting next to each other in an office, wearing headphones while communicating to each other via instant messenger.
"There’s this bullshit myth that you gotta put them in the same room, but they don't even talk to each other in person."
McCann tells new hires, "Your job is not important--your life is." But left on their own, they do take care of business. "We trust them enough to enable them to be great. It's self-elevating because they feel this level of responsbility and autonomy in their lives--the results have been outstanding. My concern is how does that scale. I don’t know. We’re learning as we grow, but that core philosophy, that your life is the most important thing, has worked tremendously well."
The idea goes back to McCann himself having a successful stint of working remotely abroad in 2010, and was bolstered when Marissa Mayer took over at Yahoo and began to rein in virtual workers. "When you build your business to be centralized from the ground up, it is nearly impossible to transition to virtual," he said. But, he adds, "if we build it from the beginning, our natural process from sales to HR would be woven into the way the business was created."
While the majority of companies on the distributed teams list are tech firms and startups, McCann sees this scheme working for businesses in the creative communications space, and creative professionals such as writers, design teams, and his brother, who worked for a large fashion design label from beaches in Thailand.
In McCann's company, the job interview doesn't even need to be in person. NodeSource recently hired Kevin Stewart as Director of Product Engineering, who McCann called "unpoachable" from Adobe--and whom he has never met in person. "We have a great working relationship, but I never saw the guy."
However, some hires are better done in person--McCann recently traveled to Austin to hire a Vice President of Product. "He was the type I wanted to meet because of his specific role....I need to have that visceral feeling."
And one department that benefits from meeting in person more often is the management level. McCann said that when meetings are held virtually, "The speed at which we can make decisions as leaders tends to be slower than if we were all in a room together and we can just make decisions." They're addressing that currently by tacking on in-person meetings when they gather monthly for board meetings.
Another challenge of distributed teams is scheduling meetings. "It’s a pain in the ass, I’m gonna be honest," McCann says. "If everybody was in North America, it would be easier. We have an influential gentleman employee in Australia, so every Monday at 6 p.m. when I’d like to be winding down my day I have to have a very focused call. You end up iterating different ways until everyone gets comfortable. We use UberConference, which lets you record when everyone can’t make the meeting, which gets used heavily."
Despite those challenges, McCann says "Distributed by Design" is working. "We’re going to have to uncondition our brains--this is somewhat of an experiment that we’re succeeding at so far."
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<urn:uuid:e6e20c71-ae65-417b-9d40-f02182ab85de>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://fortune.com/2015/05/15/office-less-virtual-companies/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00305-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
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In “Sex in Prison,” a book dedicated to the Guggenheim Foundation, Joseph Fulling Fishman charges that failure to solve the sex problem in American prisons is in a large measure responsible for present prison unrest.
Mr. Fishman, as chairman of the jail committee of the American Prison Association and as inspector of prisons for the federal government for a period of ten years, has investigated every penal institution of importance. He reports that there is a flagrant sex degeneracy in American prisons and that prison authorities refuse to recognize existence of the evil or to take steps towards its eradication.
He advocates, as a means of curtailing sex perversions and abnormalities now rampant, the possibility of furloughs for prisoners of one day a month so that they may visit their wives and families, a solution used in many European countries, particularly in Soviet Russia.
He laments the fact that prison administrators do not face the problem squarely and states that there is a “conspiracy of silence” among them. He urges frank and open discussion of the problem at official meetings of the American Prison Association, something that so far they have been unwilling to do, in his opinion.
Mr. Fishman condemns the enforced idleness and bad living conditions which characterize American prisons.
“In our prisons,” he writes, “the two great topics of conversation are crime and sex. The enforced idleness, the lack of diversion, accentuate and contribute to the seriousness of the problem.”
The author denounces the practice of placing two or more men in a cell which is in effect in so many American prisons.
As his solutions to the problem, Mr. Fishman urges hard work, vigorous exercise and a reasonable amount of fresh air and recreation as a means of keeping homosexuality in prisons at a minimum.
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<urn:uuid:0a49b5bd-178b-4341-9004-4dccd06b1411>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.jta.org/1934/10/01/archive/fishman-accuses-u-s-prisons-of-fostering-sex-degeneracy
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00025-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952684
| 375
| 1.828125
| 2
|
Department of Histopathology, Diagnostic Animal Pathology Office, Hokkaido, Japan
Spontaneous ovarian teratoma was found in a seven-week-old female Chunky broiler chicken that was slaughtered for food. On post-mortem inspection, a spherical tumor mass attaching to a juvenile ovary was found in the abdominal cavity. Histopathologically, the tumor was comprised of immature mesenchymal stroma and a variety of mature tissue elements of mesodermal and ectodermal origin. In addition, there were multiple indistinguishable tissue elements, which showed no malignant cytological features but were unidentifiable as to corresponding embryological layer of origin. These heterogeneous teratoma tissues consisted of a variety of glandular, cystic, duct-like, and tubular structures, some of which exhibited a lining by a mixture of both keratinizing/non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelial cells and cuboidal/columnar epithelial cells. The ovarian tetatoma was considered a benign and congenital one. The highly diverse differentiation of the teratoma might have manifested a morphological aspect of intrinsic character of the pluripotential germ cells during tumorigenesis.
Keywords: Chicken, Heterogeneous differentiation, Ovary, Teratoma.
Cite this paper:
Ohfuji, S. 2016. Ovarian teratoma displaying a wide variety of tissue components in a broiler chicken (Gallus Domesticus): morphological heterogeneity of pluripotential germ cell during tumorigenesis. Open Vet. J. 6(2), 78-83.
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<urn:uuid:888ce53b-c86d-4174-bed9-1522da42b4ea>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/ohfujiabstractovj043.htm
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.899073
| 329
| 2.109375
| 2
|
Write why you enjoy reading books and what genres of literature you’re fond of. Use the word combinations : to tell somebody about the surrounding worl
Write why you enjoy reading books and what genres of literature you're fond of.Use the word combinations : to tell somebody about the surrounding world, to develop artistic taste, to broaden somebody's outlook, to entertain,to give information, to provide somebody with facts about life in the past, to perfect the real life, to focus somebody's attention on something.
помогите составить текст. Срочно нужно. Заранее огромное спасибо) И обязательно с теми словами ,которые даны в задании.
- I am fond of science fiction literature. It entertains me and makes me think about a lot of thinks in the world. it gives also information about science and and provides with facts about life in future. it is more perfect than a real life and it focuses my attention on technical advancement in future. this genre develops also a good artistic taste.
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<urn:uuid:306004ea-d85a-4e1e-a107-6d0e009650b5>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://realoff.ru/anglijskij-yazyk/write-why-you-enjoy-reading-books-and-what-genres-of-literature-you-re-fond-of-use-the-word-combinations-to-tell-somebody-about-the-surrounding-worl.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00316-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.797458
| 302
| 2.765625
| 3
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A solution is a mixture of a solvent and solute. The solvent is the liquid into which a solute is diluted or dissolved. Solutes may be solids, such as dry chemicals, or liquids. Solvents can be a variety of liquids from deionized water to organic liquids.
There are several ways to express solutions and their concentrations including relative percent concentration, molarity and normality.
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<urn:uuid:eb1fc7e6-a261-4534-a3a4-52d8088815c6>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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https://www.labce.com/spg913551_defining_solutions.aspx
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00024-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.973758
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Some beliefs I have encountered:
Many people believe that kids need a gentle, coddling introduction to being a grown up.
Many people believe that kids cannot function on their own until they are 22-25 years old.
Many people believe kids do not need to have a job while in junior high, high school, or college. They should just concentrate on their studies and being involved. They have the rest of their life to work.
If the kids have jobs, they still don’t need to pay any of their own expenses. They should save their money or just blow the money on junk.
Many people believe that kids need to go to college in order to be successful. As long as they graduate with a degree, they will be successful.
Many people believe that it is okay for kids to move back home after being gone for a few years and not have to contribute to the home or pay bills. They need to concentrate on finding a job and saving money to buy a car or a home.
All of these beliefs? They are the reason why we have a generation or two of adults who can not function in our society. They can not work or don’t know how to work. They believe that someone else will always take care of them.
I don’t know about you, but I want my kids to be independent, respectful, functioning members of society. I love them too much to be anything else. I want to see them succeed. I want to watch and love where life is taking them. That requires me as a parent to help them get to that point.
How do I do that?
1. Teach kids skills while they are young. All my kids learn how to cook and know basic cooking skills. I want to know they can feed themselves. They learn how to do laundry. They mow the lawn. They are in charge of animal chores and taking care of the animals. They also help around the house and do whatever chores I assign them.
2. Teach kids to work. My kids do all the things in #1 to learn skills, but to also work. I don’t pay an allowance, but I want them to understand that to get anything you have to work for it.
3. Teach kids to pay for their own things. This is a tough one. When my kids turn 16, I don’t buy a lot of things for them anymore. I buy their food, basic necessities, car registration, car insurance, and first vehicle. Other than that, they buy their own stuff. They want to dye or perm their hair? They pay for it. They want clothes, jewerly, and shoes? They pay for it. Their grandparents buy them a fair amount of things, but they refuse to buy everything the kids want too.
4. Encourage kids to get a job. Let me rephrase that: Strongly encourage them to get a job. By telling them they have to pay for the things they want, they will want a job anyway. But I still encourage them to get a job. My girls’ jobs (so far) have included babysitter, cook, waitress, bartender, cleaner, camp counselor, teaching assistant, and the list will continue to grow. Has it hurt them? No, not at all. In fact, those jobs have helped them decide what they don’t want to do in life.
One of the things that stuck with me at Shali’s college orientation was in a parents’ session, they encouraged the kids to be busy and to have a job while in college. Why? Because kids that are busy going to classes, working, studying, and being involved with college activities were more productive and had better time management skills. Those kids are also better students and more successful in life.
5. Do not coddle kids. I teach mine from an early age to work out their problems and deal with people themselves. I will always be there to help, advise, and defend them if need be. However, I teach my kids to be responsible for themselves. They have had to explain that they lost homework and library books, were late for school, and/or missed a lesson. If those things were my fault, I wrote a letter of explanation and apology. Otherwise, my kids have to explain themselves.
I also do not take my kids everywhere with me. They stay home by themselves at age 10 or older depending on maturity level. By age 12, they are watching their siblings while I am gone. I do not have daycare in the summer and the older ones are now responsible for the ones that can’t drive. They do have wonderful grandparents that help out, but the responsibility is on their shoulders. I do “pay” for them doing this by providing gas money, but I feel kids should have to help out at home.
6. Teach kids that education is important. This one comes with a twist. I do not believe that all kids should go to college. I tell my kids that they should go to college if the career they are going into requires it. However, if they are interested in a trade, then go to a trade school or go to work right away. Military service will always be a possibility. College is not for everyone and they should not waste their time by getting a soft degree that will get them nowhere afterwards.
Kids will appreciate this when they get older. Sometimes they will argue with you on it, but the goal is for them to be functioning members of society that will not want to freeload off of you or the government.
Thanks for reading,
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<urn:uuid:93b895f9-ecd3-4394-9ba1-1a23b5c21908>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://livinglifeinruraliowa.com/2014/09/raising-your-kids-to-be-opposite-of.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00066.warc.gz
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en
| 0.985011
| 1,164
| 2.109375
| 2
|
The European Commission has given marketing authorisation to a new once-daily tablet for the treatment of HIV.
Gilead Sciences new drug Eviplera will be used commercially in 27 countries of the European Union.
It will be the second single-tablet HIV regimen to be authorised in the EU, with both being marketed by Gilead.
Dr. Mark Nelson, Service Director for the HIV Directorate, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, said: “As people with HIV are living and remaining on treatment longer, the availability of new simplified therapeutic options has become even more critical.
“Eviplera has the potential to be an important new treatment option for patients starting HIV therapy because it streamlines an effective HIV treatment regimen into a single daily tablet.”
John C. Martin, PhD, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Gilead Sciences said: “Gilead continues to lead the development of single-tablet regimens because we and our partners recognize the ongoing need to simplify HIV therapy.
“With Eviplera, we are pleased to expand the therapeutic options for European patients, and are now working with national authorities to ensure the regimen is made available across the EU as quickly as possible.”
Gilead cites the cost of HIV treatment to the NHS at £1 billion annually.
Jason Warriner, Terrence Higgins Trust’s Clinical Director, said: “We welcome this new treatment option in a combination pill for people living with HIV. Every day we continue to learn more about the virus and advances in new drug treatments such as this offer new and beneficial choices for people living with HIV and their prescribing clinicians.
“HIV drug treatments give people with HIV the chance to lead longer and healthier lives. This new option which involves talking just one pill a day is good news for people who may have difficulty managing the number of pills that they have to take.”
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<urn:uuid:e60da56a-947c-42f6-96e8-b008d6e4d2a9>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2011/11/29/new-once-a-day-hiv-drug-launched-ahead-of-world-aids-day/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722459.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00344-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.940737
| 394
| 1.507813
| 2
|
Policing in America, Seventh Edition, provides an introduction to contemporary police work, as well as an assessment of the current state and future directions of policing. The goals of the book are to provide readers with a better understanding of the complex relationship between police and society, to assist in making informed decisions about the social issues facing the police institution, and to guide officials in their approaches to law enforcement operations and policies. The book contains 13 chapters that cover the following topics: the police in American society; historical development of law enforcement and American policing; organization and development of police personnel systems; police administration; police operations; and the nature of police discretion and the police decision-making process. The book also discusses use of force by police; police personality and culture; police ethics; civil liability; the relationship between the police and the community; and the impact of issues such as globalization, terrorism, and homeland security on the institution of policing.
- Companion mobile app, Policing In America: Exam Cram, won the 2012 PROSE Award for Best eProduct in Social Sciences from the Association of American Publishers
- Video links provide additional coverage of topics discussed in the text
- Key concepts, Internet links, charts and tables support the text throughout
- Equipped with a superior ancillary package, which includes 30 minutes of streaming video
Students in the Criminal Justice Field. Specific class titles include: Police and Police Systems: Introduction to Police Studies: and Police Operations, Police Systems. Also applicable to various Training Academy courses.
Dedication Acknowledgments Preface 1 The Police in American Society The Government Structure and Policing Constitutional Government Separation of Powers Principles of Federalism Police and the Law Police in the Criminal Justice System The Roles and Functions of Police in Modern Society Roles Performed by the Police Police Activities Styles of Police Departments Diversity of the Police Establishment Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Justice Department Agencies Department of Homeland Security Miscellaneous Federal Law Enforcement Agencies State Law Enforcement Agencies State Police and Highway Patrols Limited-Purpose State Law Enforcement Agencies Local Law Enforcement Agencies Summary References 2 Historical Perspectives An Overview of Policing in Ancient Times The Birth of Civilization in Mesopotamia Civilization in Ancient Egypt The Rise of Greek City-States The Roman Empire’s Contribution to Policing Police Development in England Medieval England Early English Law Enforcement The English Reformers American Policing in Retrospect Early American Policing Policing America: The Modern Era The Political Entrenchment Phase The Reform Efforts Professional Policing Comes to America Public and Community Relations Return to Policing The Community Policing Era The Post-Community Policing Era Summary References 3 Police Human Resources Toward a Theory of Police Selection Affirmative Action and Police Selection Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act Minorities in Policing Women in Policing Recruiting Police Officers Establishing Mini
- No. of pages:
- © Anderson 2011
- 27th July 2011
- Paperback ISBN:
Larry K. Gaines is professor and chair of the Criminal Justice Department at California State University-San Bernardino. He served as the Executive Director of the Kentucky Association of Chiefs of Police for 14 years and has consulted with a variety of police agencies in Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, Georgia, and California. Dr. Gaines has served as Secretary Treasurer and President of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. He has received many awards, including the Founders Award from the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, the Outstanding Educator Award from the Southern Criminal Justice Association, and the Outstanding Service Award from the Police Section of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. In 2001, he served as a member of the California POST Committee that developed police training curricula for racial profiling.
California State University, San Bernardino, USA
Victor E. Kappeler, a former police officer, is a Foundation Professor and Associate Dean of the School of Justice Studies at Eastern Kentucky University. He is recognized as a leading scholar in such fields as policing, media, and the social construction of crime, and police civil liability, among other related fields. Dr. Kappeler continues to provide in-service training for police officers and is well published in professional areas of policing. Among many other honors, Kappeler received the 2006 Cabinet for Justice and Public Safety Award for Academic Excellence and the 2005 Outstanding Criminal Justice Alumnus Award from Sam Houston State University, where he earned his doctoral degree, and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Society of Criminology’s Division on Critical Criminology.
Eastern Kentucky University, USA
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<urn:uuid:e30ebe8c-2786-4d95-ac3f-32553106f74f>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.elsevier.com/books/policing-in-america/gaines/978-1-4377-3488-1
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en
| 0.922767
| 928
| 2.75
| 3
|
- Open Access
Effects of selected bioactive food compounds on human white adipocyte function
Nutrition & Metabolism volume 13, Article number: 4 (2016)
Previous studies suggest that intake of specific bioactive compounds may have beneficial clinical effects on adipose tissue partly due to their anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. With the overall aim to contribute to better understanding of the mechanisms of selected bioactive nutrients on fat metabolism, we investigated their role on human white adipocyte function.
The influence of the omega-3-fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the anthocyanin (AC) cyanidin-3-glucoside and its metabolite protocatechuic acid, and the beta-glucan metabolite propionic acid (PI) on adipokine secretion, fatty acid metabolism (lipolysis/lipogenesis) and adipocyte differentiation (lipid accumulation) was studied in human fat cells differentiated in vitro. To investigate possible synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects, DHA was also combined with AC or PI.
Each compound, alone or together with DHA, suppressed basal adipocyte lipolysis compared to control treated cells. DHA alone attenuated the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines such as chemerin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), whereas AC suppressed only the latter two. Treatment with PI decreased IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and adiponectin secretion. A combination of DHA and AC decreased TNFα secretion and increased insulin-stimulated lipogenesis. No effect was found on adipocyte differentiation. At the selected concentrations, none of the compounds was found to be cytotoxic.
The studied bioactive food compounds or their metabolites have beneficial effects in human primary fat cells measured as decreased basal lipolytic activity and secretion of inflammatory markers. A minor effect was also observed on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake albeit only with the combination of DHA and AC. Taken together, our results may link the reported health benefits of the selected bioactives on metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia to effects on white adipocytes.
It is well established that white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism and inflammatory status affect whole body homeostasis . The major role of WAT is to store and release energy. Storing energy in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) in adipocytes through lipogenesis has been shown to regulate systemic insulin sensitivity [2, 3]. Hydrolysis of TAGs into non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol is a tightly controlled enzymatic process denoted lipolysis. Basal (spontaneous) lipolytic activity is increased in obesity and may attenuate insulin sensitivity through increased delivery of FAs to skeletal muscle (reviewed in ). Another important aspect of WAT function is the secretion of a class of proteins called adipokines, several with pro- or anti-inflammatory properties (see for review). An elevated release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/ CCL2) produced by adipocytes [5, 6] recruits macrophages, which in turn promote a chronic low grade inflammation in WAT . Release of other pro-inflammatory adipokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and chemerin may also contribute to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular disease [8–10], which are associated with the development of the metabolic syndrome . The anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin has on the other hand been shown to correlate negatively with BMI (Body mass index, defined as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and positively with insulin sensitivity [12, 13] and its high levels are associated with a lower risk for developing type 2 diabetes .
Diet composition can affect the metabolic and endocrine function of WAT as well as overall energy balance . Certain diets that provide high amounts of bioactive components may have beneficial clinical effects partly due to their anti-inflammatory effects on adipose tissue (see [15, 16] for reviews). A number of natural bioactive compounds that can be added to the food or their metabolic derivatives have been tested for their action on fat cells. The omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can be synthesized from the essential alpha-linoleic acid. However, minor (clinically insufficient) amounts are synthesized endogenously and significant levels can only be provided exogenously through intake of fish and fish oil. A previous study using human adipocytes and WAT suggested an anti-inflammatory effect of DHA via decreased levels of IL-6 and MCP-1 . In vitro studies regarding the regulation of DHA on adiponectin production have been performed both in mouse and human adipocytes, however the results are conflicting [18–20]. Anthocyanins (AC) are naturally occurring polyphenol compounds present in blue or purple berries, fruit and vegetables . Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is the most studied anthocyanin that together with its main metabolite protocatechuic acid (PCA) has been shown to be protective against insulin resistance in both human adipocytes in vitro [22, 23] and an in vivo diabetic mouse model [24, 25] as well as having anti-inflammatory properties [22, 24–26]. Beta-glucan (BG) is a soluble dietary fiber present in oats and barley. However, BG is not absorbed in vivo, but its metabolism by the gut microbiota results in increased production an uptake of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), such as propionic acid (PI), which has been shown to regulate adipokine production and enhance lipogenesis and glucose uptake in isolated human WAT [27, 28].
Most studies investigating effects of these compounds have been conducted in murine adipose cell lines or in vivo mouse or rat models [29–32], which display a number of species-specific differences concerning adipose tissue function [33–35]. Furthermore, in previous studies the compounds have been tested individually and the experimental conditions as well as fat cell model systems have varied markedly. In addition, in most cases a single metabolic or inflammatory aspect of adipocyte function has been investigated.
As a part of the pan-European study PATHWAY-27 (http://www.pathway27.eu/) with the overall aim to contribute to better understanding of the mechanisms of bioactive nutrients on metabolism in different food-environments and help to develop health-promoting food for the growing demand of the health-conscious consumer, we have investigated the role of selected bioactives or their main metabolites on adipocyte phenotypes linked to obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
Cell cultures of primary human adipocytes
Primary human pre-adipocytes for in vitro differentiation from 22 female subjects and 2 male subjects between 26-65 (mean 42) years of age with a BMI ranging from 21-31 kg/m2 (mean 25) were isolated from the stromal vascular fraction of subcutaneous WAT, which was obtained as a waste product from cosmetic liposuction. Isolation, culture and differentiation into adipocytes were performed as previously described . The subjects were healthy according to self-report and not selected for age, sex or BMI. Briefly, intact pieces of adipose tissue were cut into 3-4 mm pieces and digested with collagenase for 90 min at 37 °C, whereas material obtained from liposuctions was digested with collagenase for 45 min at 37 °C. Thereafter the cell suspension was filtered, centrifuged at 200 × g for 10 min. The remaining pre-adipocytes and mesenchymal stem cells in the stromal vascular fraction were then suspended in erythrocyte lysis buffer for 10 min and centrifuged. The supernatant was discarded, the cells suspended in proliferation medium containing Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/F12 (Biochrome AG, Berlin, Germany/Gibco, Life Technologies) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Life Technologies) and 2 % Pen-Strep (Gibco, Life Technologies) and subsequently filtered through a 70 μm cell strainer (BD BioSciences, Durham, NC) .
To study the effects of bioactives on fat cell metabolism and adipokine secretion, the cells were plated in proliferation medium at a density of 115 000 to 120 000 cells/well in 24-well plates. After 24 h, the medium was changed to DMEM/F12 supplemented with 15 mM HEPES (Gibco, Life Technologies), 100 μg/ml penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco, Life Technologies), 66 nM human insulin, 1 nM triiodo-L-thyronine, 10 μg/ml human transferrin, 33 μM biotin, 17 μM panthothenate, 100 nM cortisol (all from Sigma St. Louis, MO), 1.25 μg/ml amphotericin B (Gibco, Life Technologies) and 10 μM rosiglitazone (BRL49653) (GlaxoSmithKline, Durham, UK) to induce differentiation. Rosiglitazone was included during the first 3-4 days and then removed from the differentiation medium. Medium was changed every 2-3 days and the cells were kept until full differentiation (12-14 days). Forty-eight hours before full differentiation, the compounds were added in adipogenic medium.
To investigate the effects of bioactives on lipid accumulation, 20 000 cells/well were seeded in 96-well plates. Medium was supplemented with the compounds after 6 days in differentiation medium and treatment was performed for 6 days until day 12 of differentiation. Adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction, which we use to in vitro differentiate adipocytes, contains various cell types including immune cells. At day 6 of differentiation, immune cells are almost entirely washed away and absent and this is the earliest time point in differentiation, where effects unspecific for adipocytes could be excluded. Each experiment was repeated in cells isolated separately from at least three individuals in duplicates (lipid accumulation and lipogenesis) or quadruplicates (lipolysis and adipokine secretion). Cytotoxicity of compounds was measured for all treatment conditions. The grade of differentiation was determined under the microscope and cells with differentiation grade below 80 % were discarded. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee at Karolinska Institutet (Sweden). All subjects were informed about this study and provided their written informed consent.
Treatment with bioactive compounds
The cells were treated with DHA (D8768, sodium salt, Sigma, St. Louis, MO), C3G (1201-1, chloride salt, Polyphenols Laboratories AS, Sandes, Norway) together with its metabolite PCA (03930590, Sigma) or the BG metabolite PI (P1880, sodium salt, Sigma). To study possible synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects with DHA, the bioactive compound was also studied in combination with AC or PI. Compound concentrations were based on relevant literature [27, 37] and unpublished treatment optimizations in the human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) pre-adipocyte cell line or in a hepatocyte cell line by collaborators in the PATHWAY-27 consortium. DHA was coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA; A6003, Fraction V, Sigma) in a 4:1 ratio. Firstly, BSA was dissolved in 150 mM NaCl in a 37 °C water bath and filtered via a sterile 0.2 μm polypropylene membrane (VWR International, USA). Shortly after, DHA was dissolved in water and heated to 70 °C in a water bath. The coupling was performed through mixing both heated solutions and stirring for 1 h at 37 °C (pH 7.4). The final DHA concentration in the cell culture medium was 0.5-60 μM. C3G was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Gibco, Life Technologies) whereas its main metabolite PCA was diluted in 50 % v/v solution of ethanol in water. According to agreements within the PATHWAY-27 consortium, C3G and PCA were added together to represent AC in a final concentration of 130 nM and 13 μM, respectively. PI (P1880, sodium salt, Sigma) was dissolved in 50 % v/v solution of ethanol in water and added to the cells at a final concentration of 100 μM. Corresponding concentrations of BSA and EtOH were added the control samples. As higher concentrations of BSA has been reported to have stimulatory effect on inflammatory cytokine secretion , we have performed control experiments comparing BSA and EtOH (at concentrations used in all our treatments) to untreated cells. Such treatment did not affect release of IL-6 and glycerol (Additional file 1: Figure S1).
Cytotoxicity measured as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in conditioned medium
Medium from bioactive treated cells was collected when full differentiation was reached. LDH activity, as a measure of damaged cells, was quantified according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Cat. No. 11 644 793 001, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany).
Conditioned medium was collected after 48 h of treatment with the bioactive compounds. Basal lipolytic activity was measured as glycerol release with a bioluminescence method using Free Glycerol determination kit from Sigma (FG100) in combination with the fluorescence probe Amplex ultra red reagent (Cat. No. A36006, Molecular Probes, Life Technologies) [39, 40]. Glycerol release was normalized to protein concentration in each cell culture well.
Determination of basal and insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation into lipids was made when cells reached full differentiation that is after 48 h of bioactive treatment. Cells were initially washed twice with insulin- and glucose free DMEM (BioChromeAG) and incubated in DMEM containing 1 μM glucose. After 3 h, 3-3H glucose (37 MBq/ml; Perkin Elmer-Cetus, Norwalk, CT) diluted 1:1000 in DMEM containing 1 μM glucose with was added. For stimulated lipogenesis, insulin was added to a final concentration of 100 nM. After 2 h of incubation, the cells were washed three times with 4 °C PBS and thereafter lysed in aqueous 0.1 % SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate, Sigma) solution. An aliquot was saved for protein determination and the rest of the lysate was transferred to scintillation tubes. Toluene scintillation liquid (toluene with 5 g/l 2,5-diphenyloxazol and 0.3 g/l 1,4-bis (4-methyl-5-phemyl-2-oxazolyl)-benzene; Sigma-Aldrich) was added and the samples were incubated overnight to extract the lipids. Glucose incorporation into lipids as a proxy of lipogenesis was quantified as 3-3H counts per minute (CPM) using a LS 6500 Multi-Purpose scintillation counter (Beckman, USA).
Adipokine quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
To quantify the secretion of pro- (IL-6, MCP-1, chemerin, and TNFα) and anti-inflammatory (adiponectin) adipokines, cells were treated with bioactive compounds for 48 h and conditioned medium was collected for adipokine quantification by ELISA according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The samples were diluted 5-60 fold for IL-6 detection (Quantikine ELISA Human IL-6 Immunoassay; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, Intra-assay precision: CV <5 %, Inter-assay precision: CV <4 %), 3-10 fold for MCP-1 (Quantikine ELISA Human CCL3/MCP-1 Immunoassay; R&D Systems, Intra- and Inter-assay precision: CV <6 %) and 2-10 fold for chemerin (Quantikine ELISA Human Chemerin Immunoassay; R&D Systems, Intra-assay precision: CV ≤3 %, Inter-assay precision: CV <6 %) to match the standard curve. Adiponectin (Mercodia Adiponectin ELISA; Mercodia AB, Uppsala, Sweden, Intra-assay precision: CV <5 %, Inter-assay precision: CV <8 %) and TNFα (Quantiglo ELISA Human TNFα Immunoassay; R&D Systems, Intra-assay precision: CV <6 %, Inter-assay precision: CV <9 %) secretion were measured in undiluted samples. Levels of TNFα were detectable in adipocyte cultures treated with AC from only two subjects.
Protein amount was quantified in SDS lysates from the lipogenesis experiments using Pierce™ BCA Protein Assay Kit (Cat. No. 23225 Pierce, Rockford, IL) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The protein concentration for each well was used to normalize glucose incorporation into lipids as well as glycerol release, LDH activity and adipokine secretion for cell amount.
Neutral lipid and DNA staining
The cells were differentiated in 96-well plates and treated with the bioactive compounds for 6 days before full differentiation. Medium supplemented with the compounds was added to the cell cultures every second day. Before staining, the cells were washed with PBS and fixed with 4 % paraformaldehyde solution (PFA) containing 0.123 M NaH2PO4xH2O, 0.1 M NaOH and 0.03 M glucose for 10 min at room temperature. Fixed cells were washed with PBS and stained with Hoechst 33342 (2 μg/ml; staining cell nuclei, Cat. No. H3570, Molecular probes) and Bodipy 493/503 (0.2 μg/ml; staining neutral lipids, Cat. No. D-3922, Molecular probes) diluted in PBS for 20 min at room temperature. After washing with PBS, accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets and cell number (stained nuclei) were quantified with Acumen eX3 imager (TTP Labtech, Hertfordshire, UK). Bodipy lipid droplet fluorescence was normalized to the amount of nuclei in each well (Hoechst).
The impact of DHA, AC and PI on cytotoxicity, lipid accumulation, adipokine secretion and metabolic outcomes (lipolysis/lipogenesis) was compared to control cells without bioactives. If statistical significance was reached, the effect was also compared with the other bioactives having significant outcomes. Additionally, to investigate possible combinatorial (synergistic, additive or antagonistic) effects of DHA exposure, the impact of DHA alone was compared to that obtained in combination with AC or PI. If a difference was found, AC and PI exposure alone was compared to the effect of the respective bioactive in combination with DHA. The data was tested for normal distribution with the Shapiro-Wilk test. If the criteria for normal distribution were fulfilled, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with subsequent Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test was utilized. When the criteria for normal distribution were not achieved, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney pair-wise comparison tests were used. The level of statistical significance was set as 0.05 with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. Bars are shown as mean ± standard deviation.
Titration of the in vitro conditions for DHA treatment of primary human adipocytes
DHA concentrations that have been used in other fat cell systems (10-60 μM) [18–20, 41] as well as in optimizations by PATHWAY-27 collaborators in SGBS cells, induced LDH activity in conditioned media (after 6 days of stimulation) and increased IL-6 secretion (after 48 h of stimulation), indicating both cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects (Additional file 2: Figure S2). These findings are difficult to reconcile with the reported physiological effects of omega-3-fatty acids in vivo . Consequently, the DHA concentration was titrated down and 0.5 μM was selected as the highest non-toxic DHA concentration in our primary culture system.
Decreased basal adipocyte lipolysis after treatment with bioactive compounds
Glycerol release was significantly decreased after all treatments when compared to control, with the exception of AC (p = 0.056) (Fig. 1). Treatment with PI had the strongest attenuating effect on glycerol release compared to control-treated cells which was stronger than that of DHA (p = 0.009). None of the compounds induced cytotoxicity at the selected concentrations, but rather reduced LDH activity in cell cultures after 48 h of treatment (Additional file 3: Figure S3), except for AC in combination with DHA (p = 0.321, due to a large inter-individual variation of the response). LDH activity remained unaltered up after 6 days of treatment with the bioactive compounds.
Combined treatment with DHA and AC increased insulin-stimulated adipocyte lipogenesis
To determine the effects of the bioactive compounds or their metabolites on insulin-stimulated lipogenesis, relative glucose incorporation into lipids was measured in the in vitro differentiated primary adipocytes. Insulin induced lipogenesis in the control and all treatment conditions (Fig. 2). No effect on insulin-stimulated response was found after treatment with any of the compounds alone.
However, combined treatment with DHA and AC increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake compared to the control.
Bioactives alter secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines and adiponectin
To investigate the effect of the bioactive compounds or their metabolites on a panel of the most important pro- (IL-6, MCP-1, TNFα, chemerin) and anti-inflammatory (adiponectin) adipokines, conditioned media from the adipose cells were collected after 48 h of treatment and secretion was measured by ELISA. IL-6, MCP1 and chemerin secretion were suppressed by DHA (Fig. 3a, b and e). The effect of DHA on MCP-1 and chemerin secretion was also statistically significant in combination with PI (Fig. 3b and e). Additionally, DHA combined with PI impeded TNFα secretion, a result that was also obtained with PI alone (Fig. 3d). PI was the only compound that had an effect on adiponectin, contributing to a slightly decreased secretion (Fig. 3c). As the other two compounds, PI suppressed IL-6 secretion (Fig. 3a). AC alone attenuated IL-6 and MCP-1 secretion and in combination with DHA, demonstrated a suppressed secretion of TNFα (Fig. 3a, b and d).
No effects of bioactives on adipocyte differentiation
To measure possible effect of bioactives on adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation, cells were treated for 6 days and lipid content was measured by Bodipy staining and normalized per cell based on DNA staining by Hoechst (Fig. 4a). No effects were found of the selected compounds on lipid accumulation after 6 days of treatment (Fig. 4b).
Using a systematic assessment of the effects of specific bioactive food compounds and their metabolites in human white fat cells, we found beneficial effects of DHA, AC and PI, either alone or in combination with DHA, on fat cell metabolism and inflammatory phenotype in vitro. The in vitro differentiated non-expanded human primary adipocytes used herein, is the closest model to human fat cells in vivo and enables longer treatments with the compounds. Treatments in in vitro systems always raise a question on the physiological concentrations of the stimuli applied and relevance of the resulting effects for the in vivo situation. We utilized lower concentrations of DHA than that measured in blood [43, 44]. However, higher concentrations of DHA induced cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory response as in previous studies [20, 45]. Since the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) correlates with the number of double bonds in a polyunsaturated fatty acid, DHA is highly susceptible to spontaneous oxidation. ROS activate surface receptors such as Toll-like receptors which can trigger a downstream signalling cascade, leading to activation of the NF-kappaB pathway, which then turn on the transcription of many pro-inflammatory genes [46, 47]. In the support of this hypothesis, ascorbic acid suppressed the pro-inflammatory effect in our primary human adipocyte culture (data not shown). Furthermore, total plasma levels of DHA should not be interpreted as equivalent to local extracellular or intracellular concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies that have measured the actual concentration of DHA in adipose tissue. However, we cannot exclude that in the in vivo environment higher concentrations of DHA would be needed for optimal effects. Additionally, none of the other compounds displayed cytotoxicity in our cell cultures and the concentrations used for PI and AC were close to those reported in human blood [48, 49].
All three compounds suppressed basal adipocyte lipolysis, where the effect of PI was slightly more pronounced compared with DHA and AC. This could at least in part be due to a fact that PI also significantly attenuated the secretion of TNFα, a potent inducer of adipocyte lipolysis . Our finding corroborate results from a study where healthy subjects were supplemented for 4 weeks with non-digestible starch and demonstrated decreased adipose tissue glycerol release as well as reduction in the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for mobilization of stored TAGs . We therefore suggest that PI might exert its effects at least in part by altering adipocyte lipid metabolism via indirect (through TNFα) or direct mechanisms. In fact, although the latter mechanism has not been not studied in humans, in mice PI has been suggested to interact with the G-protein coupled receptor 43 , a receptor that is suggested to be involved in regulating inflammatory responses, and is also expressed in human WAT . Regarding ACs, an anti-lipolytic effect has been observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during hyperglycemia, where C3G regulated FoxO1-mediated transcription of adipose triglyceride lipase resulting in decreased expression of this lipolytic enzyme . Whether or not this also implies for human adipocytes remains to be investigated. The mechanism of lipolysis reduction by DHA is not known. However, no additive effects between compounds were observed, suggesting that they might act via similar mechanisms.
The synergistic effect between DHA and AC on insulin-induced lipogenesis might partly be explained by the activation of PPARγ by AC, which results in increased expression and translocation of GLUT4 . In addition, the effect on lipogenesis could result from decreased TNFα secretion caused by combined DHA and AC treatment. We and others have shown that TNFα addition in cultures of primary human adipocytes causes insulin resistance [51, 52]. However, a combination of PI and DHA also lowered TNFα secretion but did not affect lipogenesis, which may suggest different mechanisms of action.
Earlier studies both in mice WAT and human adipocytes have shown suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by AC [24–26], DHA and PI , effects that are generally corroborated in the current study. DHA appears to be the strongest anti-inflammatory compound among the tested ones as this fatty acid decreased expression of three out of four investigated pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also for the first time report effects of bioactive compounds on chemerin – an insulin resistance inducing cytokine , which is largely secreted by adipocytes. DHA was the only compound suppressing chemerin secretion, which was antagonized by AC. Admittedly, at present we do not know how the selected bioactives regulate adipokine secretion, a question which needs further investigations. The outcome of compound interaction could also depend on their concentrations, the effects might not be linear and additional experiments using a concentration-dependent response for each bioactive alone and in combination are warranted to better establish any possible additive/synergistic effects on human adipocytes. However, our data suggest interactions between bioactives on fat cell function, which is relevant for in vivo physiology and nutrition.
Publications from murine 3T3-F442A and -L1 fat cells as well as isolated primary human adipocytes have demonstrated increased adiponectin secretion after DHA treatment [18, 19, 53]. However, it should be noted that fetal bovine serum, an additive which may protect the cells from ROS exposure, was included in the cell culture medium in all these previous studies. This may explain why higher concentrations of DHA could be used in those experiments. Other possible reasons for the discrepancies may be treatment duration or delivery as in vitro cell systems seem to be sensitive to this compound. The effect of PI on adiponectin secretion was unexpected, but could be due to its effect on PPARγ reported previously . On the other hand we did not observe any effects of the compounds on fat cell differentiation/lipid accumulation, which speaks against their possible role regulating important adipogenic factors at least in in vitro cell system.
Our systematic assessment of DHA, AC and PI, either alone or in combination with DHA, indicate a beneficial role on human fat cell function. The selected compounds decreased basal lipolytic activity and secretion of inflammatory markers in human fat cells which might explain some of the reported health benefits induced by bioactive compound-containing diets in humans, including reduced insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia [21, 42, 55]. To further elucidate this question, our in vitro results will be used to identify specific biomarkers to be measured in volunteers recruited in a clinical intervention study within the PATHWAY-27 project.
body mass index
bovine serum albumin
counts per minute
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- MCP-1/ CCL2 :
monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma
short-chain fatty acid
sodium dodecyl sulfate
tumour necrosis factor-alpha
white adipose tissue
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van Harmelen V, Skurk T, Hauner H. Primary culture and differentiation of human adipocyte precursor cells. Methods Mol Med. 2005;107:125–35.
Wang YC, Kuo WH, Chen CY, Lin HY, Wu HT, Liu BH, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid regulates serum amyloid A protein to promote lipolysis through down regulation of perilipin. J Nutr Biochem. 2010;21:317–24.
Schlesinger JB, van Harmelen V, Alberti-Huber CE, Hauner H. Albumin inhibits adipogenesis and stimulates cytokine release from human adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2006;291:C27–33.
Hellmer J, Arner P, Lundin A. Automatic luminometric kinetic assay of glycerol for lipolysis studies. Anal Biochem. 1989;177:132–7.
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Murali G, Desouza CV, Clevenger ME, Ramalingam R, Saraswathi V. Differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in promoting the differentiation of 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2014;90:13–21.
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Attar-Bashi NM, Weisinger RS, Begg DP, Li D, Sinclair AJ. Failure of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation to enhance biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid in healthy human volunteers. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2007;76:121–30.
Pawlosky RJ, Hibbeln JR, Herion D, Kleiner DE, Salem Jr N. Compartmental analysis of plasma and liver n-3 essential fatty acids in alcohol-dependent men during withdrawal. J Lipid Res. 2009;50:154–61.
Kim HK, Della-Fera M, Lin J, Baile CA. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits adipocyte differentiation and induces apoptosis in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes. J Nutr. 2006;136:2965–9.
Shi H, Kokoeva MV, Inouye K, Tzameli I, Yin H, Flier JS. TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2006;116:3015–25.
Ruan H, Hacohen N, Golub TR, Van Parijs L, Lodish HF. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha suppresses adipocyte-specific genes and activates expression of preadipocyte genes in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes: nuclear factor-kappaB activation by TNF-alpha is obligatory. Diabetes. 2002;51:1319–36.
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The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 311876: Pathway-27, the Swedish Research Council and Karolinska Institutet. We thank Stefan Storcksdieck, Caroline Orfila and Samantha Sutulic from the PATHWAY-27 consortium (www.pathway27.eu) for assisting with preparation of the manuscript. The excellent technical assistance of Gaby Åström, Elisabeth Dungner and Kerstin Wåhlen is greatly appreciated.
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.
Conception and design (CB, SM, AB, MR, PA, JL); acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data (all co-authors), drafting the article (CB, UW, MR, PA, JL); critical revising of the manuscript and final approval of the version to be published (all co-authors).
No effect of BSA and EtOH on glycerol release or IL-6 secretion. Glycerol release (a) and IL-6 secretion (b) after 48 h of treatment with 0.05 % Ethanol (EtOH) and 0.125 μM bovine serum albumin (BSA) relative to untreated cells in conditioned media (n = 2 biological/independent experiments in quintuplicates). Normalized data is adjusted for protein amount and presented as means +/- standard deviation. The absence of statistical significance was determined by Tukey’s test. (PPTX 46 kb)
Adverse effects of DHA on adipocyte cytotoxicity and IL-6 secretion. Cytotoxicity detection measured as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in conditioned media after 6 days of treatment with 0.5 μM, 10 μM or 60 μM DHA, relative to control (a). Control, n = 7; 0.5 μM DHA, n = 3; 10 μM and 60 μM DHA, n = 2 biological/independent experiments in at least duplicates. Secretion of IL-6 from human in vitro differentiated adipocytes after 48 h of treatment with 0.5 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM, 30 μM or 60 μM DHA compared to control (b). Control, n = 2 and DHA n = 1 biological/independent experiments in triplicates. Normalized data is adjusted for protein amount and presented as means +/- standard deviation. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 versus control. Statistical significance was obtained by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test. (PPTX 47 kb)
Decreased cytotoxicity after treatment with bioactive compounds or metabolites. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity after 48 h or 6 days treatment with bioactive compounds relative to control in conditioned media. Forty-eight hours; control, n = 9; 0.5 μM DHA, n = 6; AC alone and with DHA, n = 3; 100 μM PI alone and with DHA, n = 4 biological/independent experiments in quadruplicates; 6 days; control, n = 7; 0.5 μM DHA, n = 7; AC alone and with DHA, n = 4; 100 μM PI alone and with DHA, n = 5 biological/independent experiments in duplicates. Normalized data is adjusted for protein amount in each well as a measure of cell amount and presented as means +/- standard deviation. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 versus control. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test. (PPTX 44 kb)
About this article
Cite this article
Björk, C., Wilhelm, U., Mandrup, S. et al. Effects of selected bioactive food compounds on human white adipocyte function. Nutr Metab (Lond) 13, 4 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-016-0064-3
- Docosahexaenoic acid
- Insulin sensitivity
- Propionic acid
- Protocatechuic acid
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In three signature songs by three major musicians, prison and imprisonment play a central role. Prison and the artist’s view on imprisonment is informed especially by their chosen genres of music and its role in popular music has evolved over time. Specifically, folk music, early rock’n’roll, and modern techno-pop will be examined.
Johnny Cash – Folsom Prison Blues (1955)
Born to a working-class family in rural Arkansas during the Great Depression, Johnny Cash grew up in the era characterized by social turmoil, including ubiquitous racism. His father, Ray, was a violent man and an unapologetic racist who boasted of attending several lynchings [BBC News, ‘Johnny Cash and his prison reform campaign’]. The young J.R. Cash, as he was known then, began working in the cotton fields at the age of five and his family’s personal and financial struggles later influenced the working-class themes of his music.
‘Folsom Prison Blues’ is one of Johnny Cash’s defining songs as an artist. The song was written and released in the mid-1950’s, during the peak of Cash’s popularity as a musician. By the time the ’60’s rolled around, his career began to wane quite a bit until 1968, when he decided to perform live at a number of prison venues in order to encourage nationwide prison reform, including the eponymous Folsom.
Despite Cash’s well-documented avoidance of any long-term imprisonment, the lyrics of Folsom Prison Blues are sung from the perspective of someone who has committed murder and recognizes that his punishment is justified. The power of Cash’s song and lyrics lies in the ostensible realism of Cash’s persona. Though his character admits to the crime, we can almost empathize with his lament and sympathize with his loss of freedom.
I hear the train a comin’/
It’s rolling round the bend/
And I ain’t seen the sunshine since/
I don’t know when/
. . .But I shot a man in Reno just to watch him die
The singer imagines an ‘Us vs. Them’ comparison in the second stanza which seems to alienate him (and other ‘poor’ inmates) from the wealthier class who enjoy the luxuries of fine products and freedom:
I bet there’s rich folks eating from a fancy dining car/
They’re probably drinkin’ coffee and smoking big cigars/
Well I know I had it coming, I know I can’t be free
But those people keep a movin’
And that’s what tortures me.
Johnny Cash identified his music as belonging to the folk genre, and as such, the lyrical content is of prime importance. In this case, Cash illustrates a ‘rational choice model,‘ in which the singer/offender knows what he did was wrong, but also recognizes a need to seek redemption, mostly through suffering [JCJPC 17(1) 2010 164]. One of the main arguments for Cash’s characters is that they are indeed flawed, but are also still very much human in their emotions. Johnny Cash used many of the characters from his music to argue for prison reform, specifically for emphasizing the rehabilitative aspects of prison, corrective measures for ensuring that criminals would not recommit their crimes because Cash’s music likewise emphasized that people could become better if they suffer enough. Many of his listeners are able to identify with these human qualities.
Elvis Presley – Jailhouse Rock (1957)
Two years after Folsom Prison Blues was released, Elvis Presley shook up the nation with Jailhouse Rock, another song purportedly sung by an inmate. As an example of early rock n‘ roll, Jailhouse Rock’s lyrics are composed of simple rhymes and a catchy tune that makes it fun to dance. Elvis lists the inmates by their nicknames and how they participate in the jailhouse rock ‘party,’ including playing various instruments, dances, etc. The song culminates in one inmate attempting to use the occasion to escape while another refuses due to the liveliness of the party:
Shifty Henry said to Bugs, “For Heaven’s sake/
No one’s lookin,‘ now’s our chance to make a break.”/
Bugsy turned to Shifty and he said, “Nix nix,/
I wanna stick around a while and get my kicks.”/
For Elvis’ song, prison is a venue of pure entertainment, a place to ‘get your kicks’ and the warden himself is the party-planner. The lightheartedness and catchy tune of the song made it a staple of early juke joints throughout America and solidified its popularity among the nation’s youth.
‘Jailhouse Rock’ has been cited as the very first music video. Here we can see an early relationship between visual and lyrical elements. In this case, Elvis jumps about and regularly performs his infamous pelvic thrusting.
His all-male backup ensemble wear a stylized version of the prisoner’s black-and-white striped outfit and dance about wildly. This ‘bubblegum pop‘ version portrays prison as a contemporary dancehall. Throughout Jailhouse Rock, Elvis references several real people and organizations, although he imposes some artistic interpretation in order to accommodate the song’s theme.
Spider Murphy played the tenor saxophone/
Little Joe was blowin’ on the slide trombone/
The little drummer boy from Illinois went crash, boom, bang,/
The whole rhythm section was the Purple Gang./
. . .
Shifty Henry said to Bugs, “For Heaven’s sake,/
No one’s lookin,’ now’s our chance to make a break.”/
Bugsy turned to Shifty and he said, “Nix nix,/
I wanna stick around a while and get my kicks.”/
Shifty Henry was a well-known musician in the Los Angeles area and not a criminal. The Purple Gang, on the other hand, were a well-documented criminal enterprise based out of Detroit, Michigan in the 1920s. The members were predominantly Jewish and they pursued a wide range of illegal activities, including murder, extortion, theft, armed robbery, kidnapping, gambling, and most notably, bootlegging throughout Prohibition.
Lady Gaga – Telephone (2010)
Lady Gaga’s Telephone is pure techno/dance/pop music and as such, the lyrics lack much depth of narrative as seen in Johnny Cash’s Folsom Prison Blues or even Elvis’ Jailhouse Rock. Without this lyrical depth, Lady Gaga prefers to deliver her story in a highly elaborate video. Telephone is the only song I am analyzing that was written and produced after the MTV music video period (1982-onwards) and as such, it continues and expands upon the conventional music video.
The 9-minute video is a sequel to Lady Gaga’s previous ‘Paparazzi‘ music video, which ended after she (the singer/speaker) was arrested for murdering her boyfriend by poisoning his drink. At the start of the video, she is taken to a women’s prison where she is led to a cell, stripped of all her clothing by the two female guards and mocked by the other women inmates. Within the first minutes, we find Gaga engaging in absurd activities, culminating in wearing sunglasses made from cigarette butts.
The opening of the song begins as Gaga makes a call to Beyonce Knowles (a guest singer):
‘Hello, hello, baby, you called?/
I can’t hear a thing/
I have got no service/
In the club, you say? say?/
Wha-wha-what did you say, huh?/
You’re breakin‘ up on me/
Sorry I cannot hear you
I’m kinda busy/
. . .
After a dance routine with an all-female backup ensemble, Gaga is bailed out of jail and finds Beyonce waiting in the ‘Pussy Wagon’ as seen from Quentin Tarantino’s ‘Kill Bill’ movies. After they leave the prison, they find themselves on a desolate highway and stop at a lonely diner; after a brief interlude, we see that Gaga poisons everyone’s food in the diner, followed by a gruesome sequence in which everyone chokes to death on this poison. The two singers dance merrily around the corpses and then escape into the sunset with the ‘Pussy Wagon’ in time for ‘To Be Continued’ to flash onto the screen.
Several critics have argued that the video demonstrates a very feminist viewpoint. Women populate the video and are in full control of the action throughout, even when the action includes such inhumane acts of murder. In fact, one of Gaga’s defining characteristics throughout her music video series is how cold and calculating she seems. Apart from any moral obligations or lessons, Lady Gaga is foremost an entertainer. For her, the image of the prison, beyond the simple dancehall image of Elvis, is a place where cruelty can be harsh yet stylish.
Poisoning is what landed her in jail originally, and yet she commits this crime dozens of times over in the blink of a dance sequence. This is Gaga as a shock entertainer; in the current day and age, violence is cool among youth adults and her inclusion of the ‘Pussy Wagon’ reminds the viewer of Tarantino’s exceedingly violent Kill Bill, where Uma Thurman’s ‘Bride’ literally slays hundreds of people with a samurai sword in the bloodiest way imaginable.
Three different songs from three different genres and three different artists were examined. As consummate entertainers, crime and imprisonment first had to serve the needs of their specific medium. Johnny Cash used his song later to emphasize and encourage the rehabilitative quality of imprisonment and to help lower the recidivism overall. Elvis succeeded at making jail seem fun and entertaining, as if it were another sockhop venue and not focusing on the crimes that landed the people in jail in the first place. Lady Gaga’s techno-pop song reached a wide market by its entertaining beats and rhythms, while her video garnished awards for portraying crime in punishment in a grotesque but arguably stylish manner. The role and interpretation of the prison system served the specific needs of each artist, which was in turn influenced by the conventions of their chosen genres.
Cash, Johnny (1955): Folsom Prison Blues. http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/johnnycash/folsomprisonblues.html. Accessed 11.07.13
Gaga, Lady. (2009). Telephone. http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/elvispresley/jailhouserock.html. Accessed 11.07.13
Gerkin, Patrick; Rider, Aaron; Hewitt, John (2012): Johnny Cash: The Criminologist Within. In: Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture 17 (1), p. 152-183.
Machin, David (2010): Analysing popular music. Image, sound and text. 1.Ed. Los Angeles: SAGE. p.1-31.
Presley, Elvis (1957). Jailhouse Rock. http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/ladygaga/telephone.html. Accessed 11.07.13
Robins, Danny (2013): Johnny Cash and his prison reform campaign. BBC News Magazine. BBC World Service, Arkansas. Retrieved from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21084323?print=true
Tunnell, K.D.; Hamm, M.S. (2010): Singing across the scars of wrong: Johnny Cash and his struggle for social justice. In: Crime, Media, Culture 5(3), p.268-284.
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Is a Volatile Economy Good for America?
Every day, in every sector of our economy, a business shuts down while another starts up, jobs are created while others are cut, and workers are hired while others are laid off. This constant flux, or turbulence, is a defining characteristic of our free market system, yet it mostly inspires angst about unemployment, loss of earnings, and the overall competitiveness of corporations. But is this endless cycle of fluctuation really so bad for America? Might something positive be going on in the economy as a result of it?
In this penetrating work, three esteemed economists seek to answer these questions by exploring the real impact of volatility on American workers and businesses alike. According to the authors, while any number of events--shifts in consumer demand, changes in technology, mergers and acquisitions, or increased competition--can contribute to economic turbulence, our economy as a whole is, by and large, stronger for it, because these processes of creation and destruction make it more flexible and adaptable. The authors also acknowledge and document the adverse consequences of this turbulence on different groups of workers and firms and discuss the resulting policy challenges. Basing their argument on an up-close look into the dealings and practices of five key industries—financial services, retail food services, trucking, semiconductors, and software—the authors demonstrate the positive effects of turbulence on career paths, employee earnings, and firm performance.
The first substantial attempt to disentangle and make clear the complexities of this phenomenon in the United States, Economic Turbulence will be viewed as a major achievement and the centerpiece of any discussion on the subject for years to come.
1. Overview of the Book
2. Economic Turbulence: What, Who, and How Much?
3. The Industries
4. Firms, Their Workers, and Their Survival
5. Firm Turbulence and Job Ladders
6. Turbulence and Worker Career Paths
7. Economic Turbulence and Middle-Income Jobs
8. Conclusions and Implications for Policy
Appendix A: The Data
Appendix B: Chapter 4 Background
Appendix C: Chapters 5 and 6 Background
Appendix D: Chapter 7 Background
“Economic Turbulence improves our understanding of the complexities of turbulence, the defining characteristic of the modern American economy. Providing evidence based on new data sources and interviews, it offers valuable insights into the impact of turbulence on firms’ performance and survival rates, and workers’ job ladders, career paths, and wages. The study’s data confirm that the obvious is often wrong. Turbulence, the authors show, has different effects on various groups of workers and industries. This is an essential book for all decision makers and policy makers operating within our volatile economy.”
“One of the central issues facing the American economy is the creative destruction of jobs. The authors of Economic Turbulence do a wonderful job of looking at the real data and demonstrating that there are in fact both winners and losers in our economy. Much of the outcome depends on the flexibility of the companies that employ our workers. The authors are to be commended for tackling this profoundly complex issue and providing readers with clear and thoughtful analysis.”
“This book presents important new insights into the dynamics of the American labor market. It documents the consequences of the birth and death of firms on the wages and careers of workers. It examines the effectiveness of alternative personnel strategies by firms and search strategies by workers. A must-read for anyone interested in how the labor market actually works as opposed to popular but misleading journalistic depictions.”
Choice Magazine: CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title Awards
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The U.S House on Thursday approved an
LGBT-inclusive Senate-passed reauthorization of the Violence Against
Women Act (VAWA), which offers protections for the victims of
domestic violence and sexual assault.
With a 286 to 138 vote, the House
approved the measure and sent it to President Barack Obama for his
signature. The president has said he will sign the legislation.
House Republicans had backed an
amendment to the bill which would have excluded victims who identify
as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender, as well as Native
Americans, immigrants and college students.
The GOP version failed to clear the
chamber by a vote of 257 to 166.
All 138 House members voting against
the LGBT-inclusive version of the measure were Republicans.
The Congressional LGBT Equality Caucus
applauded House passage of the measure.
“Domestic violence prevention has and
should continue to be an issue that Democrats and Republicans can
agree on and work together to advance,” Rep. Jared Polis, a
Democrat from Colorado, said in a statement. “I am glad that
Republican leadership finally realized they could not afford to
continue alienating many Americans by attempting to exclude
provisions that protect LGBT, immigrant, student and Native American
victims of domestic abuse and sexual assault.”
“With this vote today, we affirm some
of our most cherished and fundamental American guarantees – that
people deserve our protection regardless of who they are or where
they are from,” added Rep. Kyrsten Sinema, a Democrat from Arizona.
Attorney General Eric Holder said the
VAWA has “transformed the way we respond to domestic and sexual
“I applaud Congress for passing a
bipartisan reauthorization that protects everyone – women and men,
gay and straight, children and adults of all races, ethnicities,
countries of origin, and tribal affiliations,” Holder said in a
statement. “The Department of Justice looks forward to
implementing this historic legislation after it is signed into law.”
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The blue light acne treatment is one of the newest ways to treat skin care problems such as acne and cysts, and this acne light treatment has been an interesting development in the skin care industry, because previous to the invention of this product there were only skin creams and internal medications that were available for acne treatment.
History of Acne Light Treatment
This acne product was originally approved in 2002 by the Food and Drug administration (FDA) by a company called Lumenis Inc in Santa Clara, CA. Even though the product is sold by a company based in California, the original research, as well as the development and production actually occurred in Israel. The product was named ClearLight, and it has been on the market as one of the most popular skin care products available.
How Blue Light Acne Treatment Works
The acne light treatment has an ultra violet light, which is often referred to as a blue light. When the skin is exposed to the UV light it may help to reduce the acne outbreaks and help the skin to heal faster. The reason this treatment works so well is because of the fact that the light can penetrate through the skin, to the area where the bacteria collects in the hair follicles.
Acne and blemishes are often caused by bacteria growth within the oil producing hair follicles, so getting rid of the bacteria can help to reduce the skin irritations that occur. When the light is used, it affects the porphyrin, which is a metabolic byproduct of the bacteria. This interaction causes the porphyrins to react by producing oxygen, and the increased oxygen production within the sebaceous glands naturally kills the bacteria.
So, the blue light acne treatment was designed to be used on the skin on a regular basis in order to minimize the bacteria growth. It has been found that the acne light treatment may be effective for up to four months, which means that using this treatment 3 times per year might be an effective way to reduce acne.
Drawbacks of Acne Light Treatment
You may think that this treatment sounds too good to be true… and there are many negative effects of this light treatment that need to be considered. First of all, it is extremely expensive. One treatment session can cost as much as $800, which is a lot of money to be spending every few months. Most insurance companies consider this treatment to be a cosmetic procedure, so they do not pay for any of the costs associated with it.
Additionally, it has been suggested that blue light acne treatment might actually cause premature aging of the skin, resulting in an increased risk of skin cancer. Some medical professionals have even suggested that the light treatment is more dangerous than a tanning bed!
It is not worth reducing acne breakouts only to increase your risk of skin cancer, because skin cancer is much more dangerous. Here at Health Skin Guide, we recommend that everyone avoid the blue light acne treatment and use a safe natural alternative instead.
There are other effective, safe, and proven methods that support the health of your skin instead of damaging it. Our favorite product is the Acne Treatment Kit by Zenmed. It includes a cleanser that helps to fight the bacteria and acne causing elements with all natural ingredients, and a spot treatment. You will find that using these two products together provides the best remedy for a great price.
Laser Acne Treatment – A better alternative?
Scar Treatment – Is there a safe way to remove acne scars?
Teenagers With Acne – Help for teens.
Cystic Acne – How to avoid this serious skin condition
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(lowercase) a pirate.
a brightly striped woolen fabric used for tents, awnings, curtains, etc.
There is probably no more thrilling or exact an account of the Algerine slavery than he has given in “Don Quixote.”
Wit and Wisdom of Don Quixote Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra
Our larboard bow-chaser was fired, but the Algerine took no notice of it.
Paddy Finn W. H. G. Kingston
In truth, the arguments from this case are worth little, even to those who approve the buying an Algerine forbearance of piracy.
The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, Vol. V. (of 12) Edmund Burke
The Algerine had, after all, outmanœuvred the over-clever Genoese.
Famous Sea Fights John Richard Hale
The Turkish and Algerine war fleets were almost entirely manned at the oars by captives thus secured.
The Story of Malta Maturin M. Ballou
The Algerine could not believe this, and told the American so.
Historic Adventures Rupert S. Holland
The Algerine had her ventilators up, masts all standing, and yards crossed.
With the Allies to Pekin George Alfred Henty
Could I get at it by some fortunate introduction to the Algerine ambassador?
The Works of Charles and Mary Lamb Charles Lamb
He was an Arnaut or Albanian, who was captured by an Algerine pirate at the age of twelve, and early showed a turn for adventure.
The Story of the Barbary Corsairs Stanley Lane-Poole
We have seen, in consequence, Algerine corsairs commanded by an archbishop.
Cinq Mars, Complete Alfred de Vigny
a soft striped woollen cloth
of or relating to Algeria or its inhabitants
a native or inhabitant of Algeria
a male given name: from an Old North French word meaning “whiskered.”. Historical Examples He didn’t look a bit like a preacher, and he said his name was Algernon. Drusilla with a Million Elizabeth Cooper “Yes, there can be no objection to your going,” answered Algernon. Won from the Waves W.H.G. Kingston Algernon was at […]
sensitivity to pain; hyperesthesia. noun (physiol) the capacity to feel pain algesia al·ge·si·a (āl-jē’zē-ə, -zhə) n. Hypersensitivity to pain. Also called algesthesia.
sensitivity to pain; hyperesthesia. noun (physiol) the capacity to feel pain algesic al·ge·sic (āl-jē’zĭk, -sĭk) adj. Relating to hypersensitivity to pain. Relating to or causing pain. algesia al·ge·si·a (āl-jē’zē-ə, -zhə) n. Hypersensitivity to pain. Also called algesthesia.
algesidystrophy algesidystrophy al·ge·si·dys·tro·phy (āl-jē’zĭ-dĭs’trə-fē, -sĭ-) n. See algodystrophy.
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Can You Believe It?
How to Spot Fake News and Find the Facts
For today's tech-savvy kids, here's the go-to resource for navigating what they read on the internet.
Should we believe everything we read online? Definitely not! And this book will tell you why. This fascinating book explores in depth how real journalism is made, what “fake news” is and, most importantly, how to spot the difference. It's chock-full of practical advice, thought-provoking examples and tons of relevant information on subjects that range from bylines and credible sources to influencers and clickbait. It gives readers context they can use, such as how bias can creep into news reporting, why celebrity posts may not be truthful and why they should be suspicious of anything that makes them feel supersmart.
Young people get most of their information online. This must-read guide helps them decide which information they can trust --- and which they can't.
Author and journalist Joyce Grant is an expert on how young people interact with and think about online media. Never judgmental, and often hilarious, she encourages readers to approach what they find online with skepticism and helps them hone their critical thinking skills to make good choices about what to believe and share. Engaging text is broken into manageable chunks, with loads of Kathleen Marcotte's playful illustrations on every spread to help explain tricky concepts. Two fake articles are deconstructed step by step using the information found in the book, and an additional article allows readers to test their skills. This comprehensive book has strong curriculum connections in language arts and social studies. Endmatter features a glossary, an author's note, sources and an index.
A valuable---and entertaining---guide to an important subject.- Kirkus Reviews
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[NEW DELHI] The obesity and diabetes epidemic in India is strongly associated with rural–urban migration, a new study has found.
The study, published last month (27 April) in PLoS Medicine involved over 6,500 participants that included both migrants as well their non-migrant, rural relatives.
"Migrants develop levels of obesity and diabetes similar to the urban dwellers they live and work with, but their rural dwelling brothers and sisters tend to stay less obese and have lower rates of diabetes," lead author Shah Ebrahim, professor of public health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Disease, said.
The study found that 41.9 per cent of urban men and 37.8 per cent of migrant men were obese. In contrast, only 19 per cent of the rural men were obese. Similarly, 13.5 per cent and 14.3 per cent of the urban and migrant men, respectively, but only 6.2 per cent of the rural men had diabetes. The figures were similar for the women participants.
The main triggers were increased calorie intake and reduced physical activity associated with urban lifestyles and disposable incomes, Ebrahim said.
However, there was negligible difference in obesity and diabetes levels between recent migrants and older migrants who had moved in 10 years previously, suggesting an immediate adjusting period to urban lifestyles that should be targeted in prevention programmes.
"Targeting prevention programmes on migrants could be a very good occupational health strategy. Factories are magnets for migrants and most need to have a health promotion component," Ebrahim said
The proportion of India's population with diabetes has been increasing steadily in urban areas, up from five per cent in 1984 to 15 per cent in 2004; while its prevalence is now six per cent in rural areas.
"We have known earlier that migration has a profound impact on obesity and diabetes. But what is relatively new is risk imparted by migration from rural to urban areas," Anoop Misra, director and head of the department of diabetes and metabolic diseases at the Fortis Hospitals in New Delhi and former head of the department of medicine at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, told SciDev.Net.
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On the occasion of what would have been Al Hirschfeld’s 110th birthday and since we all like New York in June as well as a Gershwin tune, I thought it would be nice to pay brief tribute to Hirschfeld, whose cartoons, paintings, caricatures, and various other etchings have covered more corners of the cultural and political landscape than is possible to consider.
Born in St. Louis in 1903, Hirschfeld–dubbed “The Line King”–died just shy of his 100th birthday. By that point, but the mark of his crow’s quill had been drawn across some of the most recognizable images of the 20th century. From the original 1939 Wizard of Oz movie poster to spots for Laurel and Hardy, Charlie Chaplin, Marx Brothers, and Buster Keaton flicks, Hirschfeld’s style influenced countless artists and could be seen with regularity across an eight-decade span.
“Work to me is something you don’t want to do, but you have to do it to live. But what I do, I would do whether anybody wanted it or didn’t want it.”
Want it they did. On album covers, in glossies, newspapers, and the personal collections of seemingly ever major entertainer of the century. Jazz musicians, rock stars, writers, television heroes, politicians, and movie stars all sought to have their likenesses captured by Hirschfeld. A chronicler of New York, his work sits in permanent collections of both the Met and the MoMA, an Edward Hopper without all the shade and shadow. A chronicler of Old Broadway, a theater on West 45th Street now bears his name. His desk in the New York Public Library.
One example of his reach is easily seen in Disney, in Aladdin‘s genie and in Fantasia 2000, on which Hirschfeld served as a consultant with his drawings were used for the basis of the famous segment involving George Gershwin’s “Rhapsody in Blue” that captures depression-era New York.
Below is an old, partial cut of the segment. It starts with a line and from it, the metropolis blossoms with buildings rising in stacks, rushing subways, storefronts with Jewish stars and Hebrew letters, and Gershwin above it all, playing piano in a window.
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During the last couple of weeks some variant of the following catchy headlines have been making their way around twitter and in the media: “Not enough malaria nets for children” or “School-age children found to be least protected from malaria“. The headlines suggest that bed net efforts have been suboptimal in protecting children in Africa.
The headlines were in response to a new research article in BMC Public Health published by Abdisalan Noor and co-authors which has shown that coverage of bed nets is quite high among children under the age of five and again among adults, but is lowest among children aged 5-19. The authors conclude that universal coverage of bed nets will require new strategies, not just targeting of nets through antenatal programs, which have apparently been successful at raising coverage among children under the age of 5.
Maybe I missed this…but when did Universal Coverage of all children become the accepted goal? The Abuja Declaration, which was signed by the participants of the African Summit on Roll Back Malaria in the Spring of 2000 set out as a goal to ensure that a least 60% of the most vulnerable children, specifically those under the age of 5, should sleep under an insecticide impregnated bed net. The logic for targeting children under the age of 5 is that at younger ages children are immunologically most vulnerable to infection and that is, by far, where most deaths from malaria are concentrated. While significant progress has been made to date against this goal, it has not yet been achieved.
The logic for extending coverage to children over the age of 5 could also make sense for a number of reasons: since children in that age group are also exposed to infection and do incur some mortality it could further reduce mortality and there is evidence that at really high levels of bed net coverage (probably well beyond the levels seen in most places today) bed nets can have an effect on malaria transmission in communities. But changing the focus on young children to all children would significantly affect the cost-effectiveness of the intervention and would have massive implications for the funding envelope required. The data from the study mentioned above is that there are 2-3 times the number of school aged children in Africa than children under the age of 5. Are they advocating purchasing 2-3 times as many bed nets (in lieu of perhaps most cost effective environmental modifications)?
So while I thought this study was well done and contributed to our knowledge of the rollout of bed nets in Africa, its advocacy efforts were perhaps unfounded. I am actually quite pleased to see that efforts to date have actually focused on children under the age of 5. A more appropriate conclusion could have been “bed net rollouts appear to be targeting those most in need” and left it at that.Share on Facebook
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More parents of teen girls not fully vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) are intending to forgo the shots altogether - a trend driven by vaccine safety concerns, new research suggests.
That's despite multiple studies showing the vaccine isn't tied to any serious side effects but does protect against the virus that causes cervical cancer, researchers said.
"There were a lot of very sensationalized anecdotal reports of (girls) having bad reactions to the vaccine," said pediatrician and vaccine researcher Dr. Amanda Dempsey from the University of Colorado Denver.
"Safety concerns have always risen to the top of the pile, in terms of being one of the main reasons people don't get vaccinated, which is unfortunate because this is one of the most well-studied vaccines in terms of safety and is extremely safe," Dempsey, who wasn't involved in the new research, told Reuters Health.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that all kids - both boys and girls - receive three HPV shots as preteens.
Researchers led by Dr. Paul Darden from the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center in Oklahoma City got their data from a national immunization survey that involved phone calls to almost 100,000 parents.
They found that from 2008 to 2010, the percentage of teens who were up to date on their Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis), MCV4 (meningococcal) and HPV vaccines all increased slightly.
Still, about three-quarters of girls ages 13 to 17 were not up to date on their HPV series in 2010. And the proportion of parents of those girls who said they didn't plan to get their daughters the rest - or any - of their HPV shots rose from 40 percent to 44 percent, the research team wrote Monday in Pediatrics.
At the same time, the proportion who cited safety concerns as their reason for abstaining from getting the HPV vaccine increased from less than five percent to 16 percent.
For all three vaccines asked about in the survey, other reasons parents gave for skipping their teenagers' shots included not thinking they were necessary, not having had a specific vaccine recommended by a doctor and, for the HPV vaccine, believing their child was not sexually active.
"These are wonderful vaccines preventing severe diseases," Darden told Reuters Health in an email. "HPV is the first vaccine that will prevent cancer which is a tremendous health benefit."
Dempsey said past research has suggested that although more girls are being vaccinated against HPV, vaccine rates haven't increased as quickly as for other shots, such as Tdap.
Darden reports having been a consultant for Pfizer, and one of his co-authors is on a safety monitoring board for vaccine studies funded by Merck, which makes Gardasil, one of the HPV vaccines.
Parents shouldn't rely on the media or Internet to learn about vaccines, according to Dempsey, since it's hard to tell what information is legitimate.
"If they have questions or concerns, they should trust their provider to give them accurate information about the vaccine," she said.
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Social media has most definitely helped the people of many countries to revolt against oppressive governments and overthrow corrupt rules. Still, the point is overdrawn; after all, there were many revolutions before the invention of social media, and governments have, in the past, shut down the internet successfully in their country.
Social media has played a key role in the revolutions and calls for freedom in Tunisia and Egypt. In fact, without social media, neither revolution would have happened as social media was key in spreading the word about government cruelty and organizing peace demonstrations. In follow-ups after initial demonstrations, it has also been used to communicate backlash against protesters, which has fed into the persistance of those seeking freedom.
Yes social media has definitely helped the cause of the people's revolutions and call for freedom in Tunisia and Egypt. This is because more people can see what is happening thanks to social media. Also, people in other countries can find out what is happening. This means more support across the globe.
When repressive regimes try to limit freedom and free speech, social media has come to the aid of contemporary revolutions all over Arab countries in the Middle East and Northern Africa. When Iran's election turmoil in 2009 was broadcast in America, it was social media that leaked images of bloody clashes despite a press blackout instituted by Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's regime. Social media helped organize Tunisia and Egypt's revolutions as one or two seemingly small acts galvanized both nations to action. This is how real change is affected now--instead of Paul Revere's ride, now we have his Twitter feed.
No, social media has not helped the cause of the people's revolutions and call for freedom in Tunisia and Egypt, because the people in those countries, especially the young people, are no better off than they were before. Even though social media has allowed for exchange of information, this has not led to a better quality of life for the people.
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- AP 24 Oral Care System
AP-24 Oral Care System
We apologize for the inconvenience, but we are currently Sold out.
- AP-24 Fluoride Toothpaste
- AP-24 Whitening Toothpaste
- AP-24 Mouthwash
- AP-24 Floss
- AP-24 Breath Spray
- Three Toothbrushes
- Carrying Bag
All AP-24 products have a patented ingredient called AP-24.
AP-24 is a surfactant which means it lowers the surface tension of the tooth. This makes it for more difficult for plaque to attach to the surface of the tooth i.e. the tooth surface becomes too slippery.
By reducing the ability of bacteria to adhere to the tooth surface, the bacterial count is reduced. With less bacteria, there are fewer cavities and less gingivitis. This patented AP-24 ingredient is included in all AP-24 products. It is even impregnated into the floss.
Unlike most other toothpastes, there is no virtually no foaming action. The agents responsible for foaming are in fact mild detergents which dry out the mouth.
Dry mouth is of course one of the main factors involved with bad breath, decay and gingivitis. Remember AP-24 also tastes great!
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Arjan van Helmond (Deurne, NL, 1971) What happens if nothing happens? How should we describe, question, take into account what happens every day (or not), but returns every day: the banal, the everyday, the obvious, the ordinary, the background noise?
More and more often we find ourselves in a virtual relationship with reality, via our telephones and computers. But where is our life? Where is our body? Where is our space?
In my work I try to trace a path between history, culture, cliché and daily habits; I research the trivial spaces and objects, which we encounter and move in daily without a second glance or thought. I try to appropriate them by painting them with great attention and concentration. I often use photographic material, taken from my own archive or from the internet, but the act of painting must always exceed the photographic level. Painting is by definition an interpretation of the reality, captured by a photograph. The paintings of empty spaces and objects, and more recently also of landscape elements, invite you to make an inner movement: a specific idea comes to the surface, with fragments of memories, followed by emotions and sensations, that belong to them. In my work I’m looking for the psychological potential of the image. At first instance, this process is an exploration of personal experiences associated with places and objects. The everyday things, which you do not give a second glance at first, now suddenly become special and valuable. They‘re able to tell us something about ourselves.
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Drug Dependence Treatment from the HIV-AIDS Perspective
On April 1-2, UNODC Regional Office for Central Asia, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Interior and the National Information and Analytical Center on Drug Control organized the national workshop "Effective Management of Healthcare for Drug Users: New Approaches" in Tashkent. This workshop was conducted within the framework of the regional project "Effective HIV prevention among vulnerable populations in Central Asia and Azerbaijan 2006-2010. The workshop was aimed at raising the awareness of participants of the evidence-based health and social protection interventions for drug users and the effective management of service delivery, discussing means for monitoring and evaluation of the accessibility of those services, the possibilities of integration of a wide range of services, tailored to the needs of drug users, at local level and agreeing on priority territories in the country for expanding the accessibility of HIV-related services for drug users with a focus on opioid substitution treatment. There were 34 participants representing the Ministries of Health and Interior (drug dependence treatment service providers), the National Information and Analytical Center on Drug Control, as well as local NGOs, international organizations and UN agencies.
The opening presentation made by Dr. Nina Kerimi, UNODC Regional Project Coordinator, was devoted to reviewing issues of accessibility of effective HIV-related services for drug users worldwide and discussing terms and definitions: what is meant by the effectiveness of an intervention, what are evidence-based interventions, and how to measure the accessibility of services for drug users.
Participants then received information on the actual accessibility of health services for drug users in Uzbekistan from the presentation made by Dr. Lyudmila Tursunkhodjayeva, Chief Narcologist, Ministry of Health. She focused her presentation on data related to registered drug users and those who have undergone treatment in narcological dispensaries/hospitals. Her presentation was complemented by two presentations, the latter giving more detail on narcological services in Tashkent-city (Dr. Yelena Popova, Deputy-Chief Doctor, Tashkent-city Narcological Dispensary) and Samarkand (Dr. Ludmila Artemova, Deputy-Chief Doctor, Samarkand Oblast Narcological Dispensary) with brief presentations from other provinces. The emotional discussion that followed these presentations revealed quite diverse opinions on what should be considered effective health care for drug users. The issue of access to opioid substitution treatment (psychosocially assisted pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence) was the most contentious one with Dr. Tursunkhodjayeva, being the chief specialist in national narcology, expressing her strong disapproval of OST as a method of drug dependence treatment.
A presentation by Dr. Sergey Dvoryak (Director, Institute for Public Health Policy Research, Ukraine) that followed the discussion highlighted the modern evidence-based methods of drug dependence treatment and case management, including the mainstreaming of HIV prevention and treatment among drug users. The presentation was met with appreciation and opinions were expressed that updates in clinical knowledge of narcologists were welcome.
The next day of the workshop started with a presentation of Mr. Makhmud Abdukhalikov, an independent lawyer, on the legal aspects ofaccess to health services for drug users. His presentation was mostly based on the legislative and policy analysis conducted in 2007-2008 within the framework of the UNODC project. Mr. Abdukhalikov gave examples, extracted from the current national legislation, of the legal obstacles that hamper access to the effective health-related interventions for drug users. He pointed out that some legal provisions open the way for human rights violations such as the lack of confide ntiality for registered drug dependent patients, discrimination on the basis of health status, etc. This presentation triggered another hot debate on human rights, medical ethics, and the letter and meaning of the national law and its actual implementation. A suggestion was made by UNODC to send out the country report on legislative analysis to all interested parties.
After that, components of a model of integrated services for drug users were presented by Dr. Kerimi and, as a group work, participants were asked to develop their own model of services suitable for use in the provinces with a high prevalence of drug use and HIV. The presented models developed by national participants demonstrated the need for more extensive trainings for narcologists for expanding their knowledge of the comprehensive package for HIV (and related harms) prevention among drug users and, in general, for improving their understanding of what is the public health approach to drug use and drug dependence. The group work generated common interest and discussion on which provinces to choose for the future piloting of the model of integrated services Three provinces were recommended as priority territories. After concluding remarks and a roundtable for participants' opinion on the value of the seminar, the session was closed. Although the seminar was charged with strong emotions and, at times its atmosphere became tense, all the participants found it very informative and useful, and expressed their interest to continue working with UNODC on developing further health and social protection services for drug users. UNODC will continue providing technical assistance to the Government of Uzbekistan in the area of HIV prevention among injecting drug users, which should eventually contribute to halting a fast growing HIV epidemic in the country.
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If you enjoy delving into your state’s cultural history, you want to make sure to check out the Library’s Local Legacies Project. The project provides a "snapshot" of American culture as it was expressed in spring of 2000, in communities from every state in the nation. From Alaska’s Iditarod to Florida’s Manatee Festival, the project documented community life, signature events and historical observations to create a “century’s-end time capsule.”
The Explore the States presentation from America’s Library offers up even more tidbits of state history. Did you know that Colorado is called the "Centennial State" because it became the 38th state when the U.S. turned 100 in 1876? Or that "Mississippi" comes from an Indian word meaning "great waters" or "father of waters." Perhaps it’s no coincidence that Muddy Waters, the father of Chicago blues, was born and raised in the southern state.
And, for even further research (are you exhausted yet?), the Library’s Digital Reference Team has put together a guide referencing state digital resources – including memory projects, online encyclopedias, and historical and cultural materials collections – from across the Web.
Author Mark Stein put the Library’s state resources to work for his book “How the States Got Their Shapes,” which he discussed during a book talk in 2008. A summary of his lecture was featured in the September issue of the Library of Congress Information Bulletin.
A. United States map. Washington, D.C. : Central Intelligence Agency, 2002. Geography and Maps Division. Reproduction Information: Call No.: G3700 2002 .U5
B. Washington Nationals (Senators). 1913. Prints and Photographs Division. Reproduction Information: Call No.: LOT 13163-33, no. 13
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There’s no need to feel scared if your dentist prescribes you a root canal procedure. Despite what you have heard, the purpose of dental root canal treatment is not to cause you more pain. Instead, the purpose of this procedure (basic for your dentist) is to save your severely infected tooth.
Generally speaking, root canals contain nerves and blood vessels, and their only purpose is to allow us to feel cold and heat. Removing a nerve form an infected tooth is a quite simple procedure in order to ease your pain that is caused by tooth decay or tooth pulp infection.
Root Canal Causes
The common causes of root canal pain can be closely related to tooth damage (cracks, chips in teeth), and tooth disease that can happen after a repeated dental procedures in the same tooth area.
Tooth pain can be really painful especially if there is a serious tooth decay or infection, which is why you need to pay a visit to your dentist immediately in order to track the problem and solve it professionally.
Root Canal Signs
Let’s get something clear, not all teeth pain are a sign of root canal problems. Signs like tooth darkening, severe tooth pain when eating or when putting pressure on the area, tender, and swelling gums near the tooth pain, and tooth sensitivity on hot/cold, can indicate root canal. Thus, if you have one of these signs, make an appointment and go to your dentist.
Root Canal Treatment
The first thing you need to know about a dental root canal treatment is that it is a procedure that must be performed by a professional in order to be successful. Your dentist will remove the infected pulp from the tooth, he will clean the area, fill and seal the space in order to protect it and make it fully functional.
Root Canal Cost
The cost of a root canal depends on the complexity of the problem, however, one thing is sure, it is less expansive than placing a dental implant. Generally, the cost varies from $350 – $520, but still, you will need to consult with your dentist or endodontist.
After the procedure, you will be told to come back. On the second visit, your dentist will put a crown on your tooth in order to protect it. After this, your tooth will continue to function like any other healthy tooth. In case you notice tooth sensitivity, change your brush with one that has softer bristles.
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Today 97% of our land is forever preserved in national parks, national forests, acreage of the National Elk Refuge and conservation lands, leaving only a small percentage available for private ownership.
Jackson Hole is very finite in terms of real estate. The scarcity of remaining available land and limited land development going into the future, ensures the character and openness of our valley will always remain.
Significant Tax Benefits
There are numerous reasons why those who live in Jackson Hole have chosen to have their primary residences here. Some of those reasons are emotional, such as the sheer beauty of the natural surroundings and the overall quality of life. Other reasons are more practical in scope and include Wyoming’s overall tax-climate benefits, when compared to all other states. For years, Bloomberg has rated Wyoming as the most tax-friendly state in the U.S. Here are the 10 top tax benefits offered by Brian Jones, a senior vice president at Bank of Jackson Hole.
1. No state income tax: With no state tax on personal or corporate income, “you have more disposable income,” Jones says.
2. Dynasty trusts: In Wyoming, you can shield your real estate from federal estate taxes for up to 1,000 years through a dynasty trust. “You can establish a trust in Wyoming for the benefit of your family or other beneficiaries,” Jones says. “You can transfer your real estate into a limited liability company or family partnership and then put that into the ‘dynasty trust,.” As a result, multiple generations can make use of and enjoy the property, without having to pay estate taxes or worse, having to sell the property in order to pay the taxes. A key point to remember: The trust must be administered in Wyoming.
3. No inheritance tax or estate tax: “Wyoming repealed its estate tax as of January 1, 2005,” Jones says.
4. No state gift tax: “Somebody who owns property in Wyoming can ‘gift’ that real estate to their heirs without having to worry about paying a state gift tax,” Jones says.
5. No tax on out-of-state retirement income: “A lot of people in Jackson Hole use Wyoming as a second home,” Jones says. “They have retirement income that comes from other states where they may be a resident. Wyoming doesn’t tax that retirement income that’s earned outside of Wyoming, which is certainly beneficial.”
6. Low property taxes: “Wyoming has very low property taxes compared to other states,” Jones says. “The taxes that you do pay here are based on the assessed value of the property.”
7. No excise taxes: When you fill up your car’s gas tank or buy groceries in Wyoming, you won’t pay any state tax on your gas or food.
8. No tax on mineral ownership. “A lot of states charge owners a tax on their mineral ownership, but Wyoming does not,” Jones says. “If you own minerals, you won’t pay a tax on it like you would your home.
9. No intangible taxes: Wyoming doesn’t make you pay a tax on financial assets like stocks and bonds.
10. No tax on the sale of real estate.
Convenient Air Service
The Jackson Hole Airport is situated at the base of the spectacular Teton mountain range. Located entirely within Grand Teton National Park, flying into the JH Airport is an awe inspiring welcome into the valley. Jackson Hole is serviced by direct flights to and from Chicago, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Salt Lake City, Atlanta and L.A.
Center for the Arts- A 41,000 sq. ft. Arts & Education Pavilion, a 500-seat theatre, Music Center, and theater rehearsal space. The Pavilion offers space for 20 nonprofit organizations creating an atmosphere of collaboration and inspiration.This summer the New York City Ballet is in residence in August in Jackson Hole. Other upcoming events this fall include Johnny Lang and Maceo Parker.
Grand Music Festival – Celebrating their 50th year, Grand Teton Music Festival has inspired countless audiences with world-class concerts by the nation’s finest orchestra players. Led by music director, Donald Runnicles, the summer line up includes a stunning festival orchestra each weekend as well as sought after visiting musicians from around the globe and delightful chamber music. Center for the Arts – A 41,000 sq. ft. Arts & Education Pavilion, a 500-seat theatre, Music Center, and theater rehearsal space. The Pavilion offers space for 20 nonprofit organizations creating an atmosphere of collaboration and inspiration.
National Museum of Wildlife Art – The museum is unique among American art museums, distinguished by its mission and location. With collections of nearly 4,000 works of art, the museum strives to enrich and inspire public appreciation of fine art and humanity’s relationship with nature. Situated just outside the town of Jackson, the museum overlooks the 20,000-acre National Elk Refuge and is en route to Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks.
Jackson Hole Art Galleries - There are about 30 to 40 galleries in Jackson featuring the best of Western art and more recently, newer galleries with a broader focus. The definition of art in the town and the surrounding valley of Jackson Hole has expanded with a popular international film festival, dedicated state-of-the art studios, and organizations such as the Art Association.
National Parks and Forest Lands
Yellowstone National Park
Established in 1872, Yellowstone National Park is America’s first national park. Located ninety miles north of Jackson, it is home to a large variety of wildlife including grizzly bears, wolves, bison, and elk. Preserved within Yellowstone National Park are Old Faithful and a collection of the world’s most extraordinary geysers and hot springs, as well as the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone.
Grand Teton National Park
On the north end of Jackson Hole, Grand Teton National Park preserves a spectacular landscape rich with majestic mountains, pristine lakes and extraordinary wildlife. In the winter, the park’s main roadway is plowed and open for winter travel from the town of Jackson to Flagg Ranch near Yellowstone National Park’s south boundary. The Craig Thomas Discovery and Visitor Center in Moose is open year-round, except for December 25th.
Bridger-Teton National Forest
Easily accessed by Jackson Hole, Bridger-Teton offers more than 3.4 million acres of public land for outdoor recreation enjoyment. With its pristine watersheds, abundant wildlife and immense wildlands, these forest lands comprise a large part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem – the largest intact ecosystem in the lower 48 States. Offering nearly 1.2 million acres of designated Wilderness, over 30,000 miles of road and trails and thousands of miles of unspoiled rivers and streams, the Bridger-Teton offers something for everyone.
Protecting The Lands we Love
Jackson Hole Land Trust and Nature Conservancy
With 97 percent of Jackson Hole’s land protected as national parks and forests, it’s easy to assume that elk, mule deer, antelope and other key wildlife species have plenty of room to roam between their winter and summer stomping grounds. But Jackson is part of a much bigger, scientifically important region, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, and the tiny 3 percent of land here that is privately owned is part of a network of critical migration corridors through the ecosystem.
The Land Trust and The Nature Conservancy are on a mission to protect enough open space for the Yellowstone region’s wildlife to get where they need to go. Through conservation easements and other land-preservation tools, they are working acre by acre to protect important terrain ensuring our valley maintains it visually spectacular character and remains open for wildlife.
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This time I cannot agree with you totally my friend. I am posting several pictures of sword shapes and type that would have been used by Greek Phalangites and Macedonian and Successor Phalangite.
It IS quite true that the sword was not the primary weapon of the Phalangite, their "Swords" ab initio, if you will, would have been the broad razor sharp front head of the double ended "Dory", ie: a sword at the end of an eight foot shaft..
In Macedoninian practice, the point of the Sarissa longer (up t 14 feet) was point was fuirther out in front of the phalangite than was the case with the standard Greek Hoplite sach as those that Phillips' troops would have fought at Charonea (Number one) .
The Sarissa needed two hands to control and the Macedonian and Successor Phalangite's Sarissa's sheilds were lashed to their left arms.
I'll post the various sword shapes first.
You will note that the first sword is literally "Sting" from the Lord of the Rings.
The second was merely labeled a a Spartan Phalangite sword.
Although Greek Swordsmanship was NOT up to the standard of a legionary, it was not unseen in actual practice, especially among the "Normal" Phalanxs from other Greek States in service with Alexanders Army.
The "Kopis" i beleive was primaraily the secondary arm of the Macedonian Companion Cavalry. It's name comes from the Egyptian sword "Kopesh" or sickle sword, although they were not reallyl similar.
One might surmise that, somehow, that not only did the Kopis serve with the Companion Cavarly, but perhaps with Macedonian Officers as well.
Also, the basic shape seems to have migrated and re evolved (again form follows function) in the shape of the knife/sword shape of the Nepalese Khukri.
Note that neither the Dory of the Thermopylaen Era Spartan Hoplite Nor the Sarissisa of the Macedonian Phalangite were ever thrown (more than a few feet) they were just not built for Thatl
The Dory of the Greek Phalangite could have been wielded overhand (most likely) or sometimes underhanded.
The Sarissa would always have been handled in two hand underhand thrusts, as in many bo forms such a "Tokumine no Kun".
The Sarissa appears to have had a more narrow Panetrating point and I do not think it was meant to just be a shaft with a "cut and slash" blade on the end. I beleive it was intended to penetrate, and if you have done "Bo" forms such as Tokumine, you will know the incredible power that can be generated by such double thrusts.
So, the Phalangite could and did occasionally drop his spear and defend himself or go on the attack (such as in the case when his spear was shattered, although in the case of the Dory, the other end could still have been used.
The Word Entymology dictionary completely misses the mark when naming the source for the word for the "dory" which was a double ended fishing rowboat ot the Northeast.
The Dictionary mentioned refers to a type of Mosquito.
I guess they had a different reading list and upbringing.
Nick Secunda has Printed an article on greek swordsmanship, and although it is clear is was not the first choice of the Phalangite ((aka Hoplite) the sword was used.
You can look up and print out his article on "Greek Swordmanship" or, as I said, wait for me to distill it down a bit.
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With an estimated 4 million people expected to pack the National Mall for President-elect Barack Obama’s inauguration on January 20, it’s certainly a reasonable option to watch it on TV from the comforts of home. But for many of us, catching history from the sidelines won’t do. If you are among those determined to be in Washington, D.C., for the swearing-in of the country’s first Black President, here are tips for making your trip a success.
DO book your travel immediately. For you last-minute planners, stop procrastinating before it’s too late. Many airlines are adding additional flights, but if you have trouble finding a trip, don’t panic! D.C. has three airports—open up your search to include them all. Amtrak has also boosted the number of trains going to Washington on Inauguration Day, but tickets are going fast.
DON’T give up on finding a place to stay. If you could not convince your friend’s cousin to crash with them, you might be tough out of luck. But there is still a chance to find a hotel. According to Destination D.C., the city’s tourism office, 627 hotel rooms were available as of January 7, and 12,254 rooms in the entire metro D.C. region. But be forewarned—some of their prices are steep. Another option is to browse apartment listings on Craigslist, to find rooms that are open for rent on the days preceding the inauguration.
DON’T plan on using your car. Driving in Washington is notoriously nightmarish on any given day, but it will be nearly impossible during Inauguration Week. Not only will there be increased traffic, but many streets will be blocked off for the inauguration ceremony and parade. If you’re driving to D.C., park somewhere outside the city and plan on using public transportation.
DO get to know the Metro system. We know it’s not chic to ride the subway with a glitzy ball gown, but D.C.’s metro system is the best way to get around. However, expect long lines and crowded trains. To save time, purchase your farecard online in advance, and arrive at the station early (officials advise heading out at 4 a.m., when service begins). Brush up on the Metro’s expanded inauguration schedule and routes at wmata.com.
DO consider keeping toddlers at home. You might want your baby to witness this moment, but will he really remember? Space and security constraints have prohibited spectators from bringing strollers on Capitol grounds. You can always hold your little cuties, but your arms might go numb.
DO get there bright and early. This isn’t a concert, so your girls won’t be able to save you a space. Although the swearing-in ceremony begins at 11:30 a.m., tight security screenings are prompting smart ticket holders to arrive as early as 7 a.m. If you’re among the majority of attendees who don’t have tickets, the National Mall will be open, but massive crowds will make getting there tough, so plan to show up well in advance.
DON’T try to have a sleepover on the Mall. If you were thinking about beating the crowd by pitching a tent, rolling out your sleeping bag, and spending the night outside on the Mall, you’ll have to reconsider the plan. Camping out has been banned by federal officials.
DO dress for the weather. Yes, it's a historic occasion, but it will be better to dress warm than cute. The average temperature in Washington on January 20 is 37 degrees. Wear layers, comfortable shoes and even consider bringing a blanket. It is also often rainy this time of year, but umbrellas are prohibited from inside the security perimeter, so bring a poncho or raincoat.
DON’T count on making phone calls. You will feel the urge to call your friends and tell them that you just saw the back of Obama’s head, but not so fast; you might get a busy signal. Because of the millions expected in D.C. on Inauguration Day, cell phone reception may be hampered by overloaded systems. To reduce the stress on cell phone lines, send your friends a text instead.
DO consider the bathroom situation. This might be the most important thing to note. The Metro is shutting down all bathrooms inside its stations for security reasons. In their place, about 150 portable toilets will be set up outside—which is a little shorthanded when millions of people are expected to be riding the system. Bathrooms in the Smithsonian Institution’s 13 museums on the Mall will be open until 5:30 p.m., but know that lines and security checks will await you there.
What other advice do you have for people attending President-elect Obama’s inauguration?
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Datong is situated in northern Shanxi Province. It is bordered by Inner Mongolia to the North and Hebei Province to the east. Covering an area of 14,176 square kilometers (5473 square miles), Datong has four districts and seven counties under its prefecture. It is the second largest city in Shanxi Province with a population of 2.99 million.
Known as the 'City of the Coal', Datong has developed into the second largest industrial city in Shanxi due to its advantage in energy. Its large reserves of coal make it a very important energy base for China. Since it is a key resource city, transportation connections with Datong are quite convenient, especially by road and by train. Series of railways and roads work as a huge net to connect Datong with many other cities.
Datong is one of the 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China due to its ever prosperous history. With a history of over 2400 years, Datong was the capital of Northern Wei (386~534) for 96 years, and the 'support capital' of Liao (916~1125) and Jin (1115~1234). It was the political, economic and military center of ancient North China, which attracted many people from various nations for trade or business. These prosperous days left Datong with a series of splendid historic and cultural relics like the Yungang Grottoes and Hanging Monastery. Most of them are the integration of minorities' cultural and Han culture.
The scenery of Datong differs markedly from the delicate and pretty cities south of Yangtze River. Here, green hills and small clean streams are rarely seen. What you can find is continuous peaks rising one upon another; majestic old temples standing for thousands of years and the vast sky and light cloud over your head. All of this reveals a grand and infinite air.
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Use professional services Escort for studying abroad!
—— Examination Subjects Design
The name “TryChinese” was inspired by a story I once heard. The story went like this:
At the age of 18, a young man traveled to China and met a Chinese girl about his own age during a group tour. He was immediately attracted to her warm smile, soft voice and friendly personality. However, he was shy and could not speak any Chinese. He would only admire her from afar. On the last day of his stay, the girl gave him a folding fan with a poem written in Chinese on it. He didn't understand the poem, but he thought the fan was a very nice gift anyway. He politely said thank you and goodbye to her. He has held onto the folding fan as a treasured souvenir for many years now, and it has always been a reminder of his secret admiration of that girl.
One day, he talked to a Chinese friend about this experience and showed his friend the folding fan. After his friend read and explained the poem to him, he finally understood its meaning.
When those red berries come in springtime,
Flushing on your southland branches,
Take home an armful, for my sake,
As a symbol of our love.
It was at that moment that he suddenly realized that the girl had secretly liked him too all along. His first love had been a missed opportunity.
The Chinese name of TryChinese is "初爱中文". The last two characters (“中文”) mean the Chinese language. With respect to the first two characters ("初爱"), the Pinyin pronunciation of these two characters combined is "chuai". The pronunciation of "chuai" sounds vaguely similar (though not exactly the same) to that of the verb "try" in English. Yet in Chinese “初爱” means first love. Thus, the use of “chuai” ("初爱") here refers to both the Chinese literal meaning and its vague similarity to the sound of the verb “try” in English. The implied message is that learning the Chinese language is like a first love and that one must be willing to give it a try. If you are a little hesitant or afraid, we can help you along the way to realizing your love for learning the Chinese language.
As the founder of TryChinese, my goal is to help you succeed in reaching your study goals with the assistance of our excellent teachers and superior approach to teaching Mandarin. Using my rich experience as a teacher of Mandarin as a second language, I design and manage the overall curriculum at TryChinese. I am also responsible for developing and continually improving our personalized services model.
Furthermore, I draw upon my skills and knowledge as a former human resources officer to manage of the wonderful pool of talent we have here at TryChinese. All of our great teachers here consult with me on at least a weekly basis to ensure that our students are receiving a wonderful Chinese-learning experience.
Ultimately, I would like every student here to receive outstanding service and a gratifying personal experience while achieving his or her goals.
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Many would argue that Tuscany is one of the most romantic and beautiful places on earth… Just breathing the word conjures up endless possibilities of slow lunches, fields of sunflowers and old world charm. I have to admit, even just writing about it makes me feel homesick! And I’m not even Italian!
No, there something about the feel of the air in Tuscany that makes you feel alive, but in a different way than you’re probably feeling today. It’s sort of hard to describe but all I can say is that after visit you’ll never be quite the same again, you’ll come away with a different appreciation for living your life.
Living “la dolce vita” or the sweet life is not merely a saying in Italy…
Some of you may of heard the term “slow living”, interestingly the concept of slow living seems to have been created in Italy but more than any other place I’ve visited its deeply rooted in the Tuscan culture, and in many ways sets them apart from the other areas of Italy.
My friends Arianna & Alessio helped me understand that slow living is the only way to appreciate a full and complete life.
Firstly, they own the captivating guesthouse “Montrogoli” and have created not only a beautiful place to stay (set amongst the rolling hills of Chianti in the heart of Tuscany) but also provide their guests with an authentic Tuscan experience. They believe that to have an authentic experience, it has to be both educational and recreative at the same time. Hence the experience is centered around interacting and engaging with local people as well as artisans. This form of immersion in the local culture and traditions whether its art, food or wine is the center piece of slow living.
You’ll need to get used to meeting lots of locals during your stay, and not surprisingly they’ll quickly become friends over a glass of fabulous local wine.
This slow living lifestyle has enormous benefits, not only for your health but also for outlook on life. Nothing is rushed, after all there is always tomorrow… 🙂
Unlike those of us that live in North America where life is conducted at a sprint for the most part, Italy and in particular Tuscany the opposite is almost true. They believe that life is meant to be savored…and each moment enjoyed. Whether its harvesting fresh vegetables from the garden, strolling in the village or perhaps having a glass of wine with friends in a cafe, each is appreciated for the connections that it brings.
No aspect of a Tuscan life is rushed…I don’t know about you but that’s my sort of lifestyle.
When I visit, it usually takes me a couple of days to unwind and slow down to a pace that’s closer to that of my local friends. A few afternoons of relaxing around a big kitchen table or under a grape dappled pergola, smelling the sweet fragrance of wild hydrangea with a glass of local red wine and nibbling on some local cheese and sausage sets me straight pretty quickly. 🙂
That’s my idea of a fabulous lifestyle – no place to be, no rush to be anywhere and more importantly surrounded by friends enjoying each others company….hhhmmm shouldn’t we all consider doing more of this irrespective of where we live? Just sayin…
So when Arianna emailed me recently about a spring tour of Tuscany that they were arranging I was literally salivating! And although my personal calendar wasn’t able to accommodate the trip I wanted to spread the word amongst my friends, and followers.
Here’s just a snippet of what you’d experience…
April 22-29, 2017 Tuscan Spring Tour – celebrating Spring and its beautiful colors and flavors. The program is fully- inclusive and includes lodging in a beautiful country home in Chianti, daily breakfast, all lunches and dinners, visits to wine, olive oil, cashmere, honey and cheese producers, professional cooking course with a local chef, catered Tuscan dinners under the Tuscan stars, refreshing hikes in the nature and beautiful walks in some of the most stunning villages in Tuscany.
For a detailed itinerary and pricing check out this link – Tuscan Spring Tour
Absolutely spectacular if you ask me and I wish I was going to be able to spend the week in what many consider to be the absolute best time of year to visit Tuscany.
I have so many great memories of all my visits to Italy and so feeling a tad envious to be honest, but if you venture to Italy either now or some time in the future I can help you organize that itinerary of yours so that you get maximum enjoyment from your visit.
Although I can’t guarantee that you won’t fall head over heels in love with Italy like me, nor contemplate buying a place during your visit (yes, each and every visit I check out the houses, apartments and villas to buy – hey, we can all dream big!). That said you will have one of the most romantic and memorable experiences of your life.
Now that I can guarantee! 🙂
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Nothing is as maddening as discovering the perfect plant in a garden catalog only to find that it has already sold out when you try to order. If that has happened to you, then you’ve already learned the lesson of ordering early. January through May is when companies receive the most orders, with the new and popular plants going fast, so order as soon as possible.
Some tips for ordering.
Know the length of the growing season and the planting zone in your area. Our growing season is approximately 155 days. Days to maturity are usually listed in parenthesis at the end of the plant description and are only a guideline, as weather, light, moisture and soil temperature all play a part.
Hybrid tomatoes should have one or more of these abbreviations, VTFN, next to the named variety. This tells you that it has been bred to be resistant to a certain disease. V means verticillium wilt, T is tobacco mosaic virus, F is fusarium wilt and N is a root–knot nematode. Verticillium wilt is probably the most common of those diseases in this area.
Pay attention to the cultural requirements. A plant requiring full sun needs at least 6 hours of sun a day. Partial shade, about 4 hours of morning sun and shade typically means just that. Plant accordingly.
Soil types and moisture requirements are another consideration. The soil is alkaline in most areas. Watch pH requirements.
Is there a substitution policy? If the company has run out of what you ordered, they may substitute a similar plant. If you don’t want a substitution, tell them up front.
Consider the number of seeds that are offered for the variety you’re ordering. Sometimes it’s remarkably few which can make the seed packet pretty darned expensive. While some companies charge a flat rate for shipping and handling others will base their shipping charges on the amount of your order. It never hurts to comparison shop.
Just in case you order live plants, know the delivery date so you can have a plan for when they arrive. Most live plants are shipped at planting time. They will need to be unpacked right away. Don’t freak out. They will probably look dead but only because it’s much easier on the plants to be shipped while they’re dormant, so they’re not dead, they’re sleeping. If there is plastic wrapped around them, remove it so air can circulate, but keep the roots moist at all times. Potted plants should be watered if they’re dry and put where they get decent light. Plant into your garden as soon as possible.
Finally, keep a record of your order. It will be most helpful if there is a problem with your order. Put the copy in your garden file and next year you can pat yourself on the back when you won’t have to guess about what or how much you ordered. And last, keep your list reasonable. (I’m snickering right now…).
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NEW YORK (MarketWatch) -- BP PLC said Monday a four-inch pipe inserted into the gushing pipe on the floor of the Gulf of Mexico is drawing about 1,000 barrels of oil a day from the leak, leaving the spill mostly uncontained for now.
Operation of the system began on Sunday, BP BP, -0.16% said, adding that it's not capturing all of the oil and gas flowing from the broken pipe.
"It is expected that it will take some time to increase the flow through the system and maximize the proportion of oil and gas flowing through the broken riser that will be captured and transported to the drillship," BP said.
BP faces more hearings in Congress this week about the spill.
Appearing on the CBS "Early Show," BP Chief Operating Officer Doug Suttles said the pipe is capturing 20% of the estimated 5,000 barrel-a-day oil leak.
"Other containment options continue to be progressed," BP said, adding that deployment could take place "in the next week or so."
Among other things, plans continue for a so-called "top kill" operation, in which heavy drilling fluids are injected into the well to stem the flow of oil and gas, followed by cement to seal the well.
BP also continues to work on drilling a relief well, which began on May 2; a second was begun on May 16. Each of wells will to take about three months.
The oil major said 650 vessels are involved in the cleanup effort, including skimmers, tugs, barges and recovery vessels.
So far 15,000 claims have been filed and 2,600 have been paid. BP has also received almost 60,000 calls into its help lines.
For the past three weeks, oil has been spewing into the Gulf from a ruptured well nearly a mile below the surface, threatening an environmental catastrophe along the Gulf Coast.
The leak was caused when the Deepwater Horizon rig, which had been drilling the well for BP, exploded on April 20, killing 11 crew members. The rig sank on April 22.
Earlier efforts to contain the spill ran into a series of setbacks. BP made a first attempt to insert the tube late Saturday, but it fell out following a collision between two subsea robots. Before that, a huge dome that was to be lowered onto the leak got clogged up with gas crystals or hydrates.
BP has also received permission from federal authorities to resume spraying chemical dispersants into the leaking oil, a method it says has proved effective in curtailing the oil slick.
During a press briefing Saturday, Suttles said the dispersants appeared to be working. A fly-over indicated the amount of oil on the water's surface near the well had "diminished," he told reporters.
Coast Guard Rear Admiral Mary Landry played down concerns that the well is leaking far more oil than the roughly 5,000 barrels a day that authorities have been estimating until now. "We have a very good handle on the oil we're dealing with," she told reporters.
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Buildings dating from communist times have poor energy efficiency levels. The city of Bistrița, Romania showed how to drop the energy consumption significantly with a structured, well-organised thermal-retrofitting programme. This contributes to the European climate goals and improves the living conditions of the residents.
Over half of Bistrița’s residential buildings were built before 1989. They have poor thermal properties and a low-quality indoor environment. The overall goal is to lower energy consumption and contribute to further improve the quality of life of its citizens.
Bistrița has implemented the Thermal Retrofitting Programme in 5 stages from 2007 to 2021. In stage I, the city developed the thermal retrofitting of the housing blocks. As there was a high demand for such works, local programmes from government funds were supplemented by EU funds.
After Romania joined the EU in 2007, the thermal retrofitting of buildings was funded through the Regional Operational Programme and started to be further supported under the European Regional Development Fund or the Cohesion Fund and has continued into the current programming period session of 2021-2027.
The city took the following measures:
- thermal retrofitting
- enhancing building envelopes and roofing
- installing high efficient lighting in collective areas
- installing solar panels
One challenge was the excessive evaluation procedures, which implied a high amount of human resources. The process took an average of one year from the submission to the signing of the contract.
Furthermore, technical projects had to be submitted after signing the financing contract, which was prone to causing delays.
As national legislation in construction was being modified, it blocked public procurement. Consequently, the Technical Project had to be modified, which resulted in new deadlines and new public procurements.
What was more, the financial allocations were insufficient to achieve the project’s goals.
Between 2009 and 2011, the thermal rehabilitation project operated through the local programme from government funds . It was 50% funded by the state budget, 35% came from the local budget, and 15% from the population. During this time, 24 blocks of flats were thermally retrofitted, amounting to a total of 808 apartments.
The overall project through the Regional Operational Programme 2007-2013 allowed for 32 blocks of flats to be thermally retrofitted, amounting to a total of 2270 apartments.
Due to the success of the Programme, 91 blocks were added to the Regional Operational Programme from 2014 to 2020. Finally, 74 blocks were thermally retrofitted, amounting to a total of 3236 apartments.
Thermal retrofitting in Bistrița will further continue within the Regional Operational Programme 2021-2027. The municipality has already started the process of identification and selection of potential areas.
This project contributes to improving the conditions of indoor thermal comfort, reducing heat loss and energy consumption, reducing maintenance costs for heating and hot water consumption, and reducing pollutant emissions generated by energy production, transport and consumption. Consequently, the living conditions in those apartments have been drastically improved
Since 2007, a total of 130 blocks with 6314 apartments were thermally retrofitted. This represents 28% of the close to 22,500 apartments built in Bistrița before 1990.
Learnings and recommendations
The quality of the work, as in any project, depends on the constructor. The project had some good constructors, who undertook high-quality work and were on time.
The city of Bistrița recommends these types of projects, especially when the city can profit from emerging new technologies, such as green roofs.
Anyone who wants to copy these types of projects should preferably start in areas where the need is benefitting citizens with lower standards of living. After all, thermal reconstruction adds comfort and financial benefits for inhabitants and building owners alike.
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Leaders are not made, they are revealed.
Michelangelo believed that every block of stone had a statue inside it. The team here at the Information Engineering and Management (IEM), believes that leadership, much like a great statue, is an art form that can be hidden inside the most unlikely candidates. With expert chiseling and skillful sculpting from our faculty, even someone considered a blockhead can become a great leader. IEM was designed by industry leaders to meet the needs of working professionals looking for leadership and growth opportunities. We know what the industry wants, because their leaders teach as our faculty. We have the skills, the tools, the network, and the commitment to take you where you want to go professionally.
Whether you already know where you want to be, or you are currently sitting at a desk wondering about your next move, IEM is focused on providing you the tools you need to reach the goals that matter to you.
As an IEM client you will share in the knowledge of a diverse and experienced group of peers and faculty while being continually exposed to relevant, new ideas and real world solutions. With a UAB Master of Engineering Degree in IEM, you will be better equipped to manage your career path to success on your terms.
What can you expect with IEM?
- Current industry leaders are the instructors for every class.
- Innovative technology is integrated to include both online and in class sessions so that your physical location is never a barrier to your success.
- Curriculum is focused on you, our client, so that you get an education tailored to what makes sense for your personal goals.
- Networking sessions we offer will have you shaking hands with the leaders in your chosen field of interest, building your own professional network of proven leaders.
- 20 months is all it takes to get one of the most effective masters degrees available from one of the top ranked universities in the world.
If you think IEM might be the right fit for you, we invite you to come out and Meet Our Director. Go ahead, discover IEM.
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Earth could be ‘the only place’ in the universe with life forms intelligent enough to form civilisation, Professor Brian Cox has said.
While microbial life forms could well be common, the physicist believes that ‘things like us may be extremely rare’.
When asked about US Congressman Andre Carson’s comments earlier this week that UFOs are ‘a potential national security threat’ which are ‘real’ and ‘need to be investigated’, Prof Cox said it was ‘one of the great mysteries’ whether intelligent alien life forms had found their way to Earth.
He said on BBC One’s Sunday Morning: ‘If you forced me to guess, I would say there may be microbes all over the place, that’s why we’re looking for life on Mars, for example, but in terms of intelligence, one thing to think about, the origin of life on Earth, it looks like we have good evidence life was present 3.8 billion years ago and the first civilisation to appear on Earth was about now, give or take.
‘So it took the best part of four billion years to go from the origin of life on Earth to a civilisation.
‘That’s a third of the age of the universe, and that is a long time, so that may indicate that microbes may be common, but things like us may be extremely rare.’
Prof Cox added he believed the biggest risk to the future of humanity is a ‘lack of perspective’.
He said: ‘I mean, as we began talking, the idea that we might be the only civilisation, for thousands or even millions of light years, I think that science, it’s useful on many levels, but one of the things it’s very useful at is giving us a perspective, which is a wider perspective and actually I don’t think many of us think – many of our political leaders maybe don’t really think in terms of, is it possible that this is the only, let’s say, the only island of meaning in a galaxy of 400 billion suns. That matters.
‘I don’t think that’s some kind of whimsical idea. It might focus the mind.’
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EPSRC’s Charter is to support high-quality basic, strategic and applied research and related post-graduate training in engineering and the physical sciences, and to communicate and disseminate the resulting outcomes and knowledge. As such, EPSRC believes that the following guiding principles, which are aligned with the agreed RCUK principles on sharing of research data, should inform all decisions relating to the management of all research data that has arisen as a result of EPSRC funding:
- EPSRC-funded research data is a public good produced in the public interest and should be made freely and openly available with as few restrictions as possible in a timely and responsible manner.
- EPSRC recognises that there are legal, ethical and commercial constraints on release of research data. To ensure that the research process (including the collaborative research process) is not damaged by inappropriate release of data, research organisation policies and practices should ensure that these constraints are considered at all stages in the research process.
- Sharing research data is an important contributor to the impact of publicly funded research. To recognise the intellectual contributions of researchers who generate, preserve and share key research datasets, all users of research data should acknowledge the sources of their data and abide by the terms and conditions under which they are accessed.
- EPSRC-funded researchers should be entitled to a limited period of privileged access to the data they collect to allow them to work on and publish their results. The length of this period will depend on the scientific discipline and the nature of the research.
- Institutional and project specific data management policies and plans should be in accordance with relevant standards and community best practice and should exist for all data. Data with acknowledged long term value should be preserved and remain accessible and useable for future research.
- Sufficient metadata should be recorded and made openly available to enable other researchers to understand the potential for further research and re-use of the data. Published results should always include information on how to access the supporting data.
- It is appropriate to use public funds to support the preservation and management of publicly-funded research data. To maximise the scientific benefit which can be gained from limited budgets, the mechanisms for managing and providing access to research data should be both efficient and cost-effective in the use of such funds.
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Rarely in the course of Christian teaching do you hear someone suggest that we need to study the entire Bible before we draw any conclusions about it and its message. No, preachers routinely grab isolated verses here and there, string them together, and offer those as incontrovertible proof of this or that doctrinal point. Orthodox Christianity lives and dies based on its ability to cite a few selected scriptures to prove its position beyond all questioning.
Orthodoxy is ill prepared to deal with the entire scriptures. First of all, the Bible is a 2000 page text. Dealing with that much content would take a long time. If, as the church contends, an individual's eternal destiny hangs in the balance, a prolonged study is inadvisable. Better to get right to the perceived bottom line, namely what must I do to escape Hell. Therein lies the rub, though. How does the hearer know the real conclusion of the matter without reading and studying all of the Bible first. He is simply invited/forced to shortcut the process by accepting the preacher/church's bottom line as valid.
For the most part, the church knows from long experience that not many hearers will expend the effort to evaluate all the Bible themselves and establish a personal conclusion about its message. In addition, even those who do attempt a personal study will be inevitably biased by religious traditions, which permeate every aspect of our western culture. As I have noted before, that religious tradition was formed long ago before almost anyone outside the institutional church, the Roman Catholic church at the time, had access to the Bible. Thus, these traditional doctrines were formulated and inculcated in the public mind without any possible opposing opinion.
When church members reach the point where they demand that the church address all of the Bible in making its doctrinal pronouncements, then the church will cease to exist in its current form. That would be a tragedy to some, but in the long run it would mark the beginning of wisdom in actually discerning the message of God.
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Oni's Equation Adventure- Day 11
Lesson 11 of 15
Objective: SWBAT solve real-world and mathematical problems leading to two linear equations in two variables.
For today's Warm Up assignment, I have provided students two systems problems, one that I want them solve with substitution and one that I want them to use elimination. Because it has been several days since working with substitution, I knew it was important to bring the strategy back for review. In today's lesson, students will be tackling word problems and they can use any strategy they would like to find the solution. Some problems lend themselves to a solution using substitution, while other to using elimination. Although either strategy will yield the solution, I want students to think about efficiency when selecting a strategy.
As students work on the problems, I move through the room asking guiding questions and encouraging students to look back in their journals at examples if they unsure of their work. Once the timer sounds, I select volunteers at random for the names cup to share their answers. Rather than ask for class confirmation, I instead ask how we might prove the solution provided is correct. I want students to be in the habit of checking their solutions, which they are reminded about with this question. Once we prove the solutions, I move on to today's learning objective.
With today's Learning Objective I include a sample word problem. I want students to see an example of the types of problems we will be solving during today's work because they will require students to create linear systems by analyzing the text.
Tackling Word Problems
After introducing students to word problems, I remind them of a previously learned tool that will help us analyze them: CUBES, a close reading strategy. CUBES is an acronym for C, circle the numbers; U, underline the important words; B, box the question; E, eliminate the extra information; and S, solve. If students are weak in reading, this strategy helps them to focus on the important words when solving word problems.
I ask students to help me use CUBES on the first problem of Tackling Word Problems. I explain that once we have boiled the problem down into parts with our coding, we can more easily tackle the math. I then remind the students of our learning objective, which means we should be creating a system of equations to solve. I ask students to identify the common elements and pick a variable to represent each one. I then record on the Smart board: x = adult ticket; y = student ticket. I ask students to think about what equation we would write for the first sentence. I ask them to record their ideas in their journals. After about 15 seconds, I ask for a volunteer (whose answer I have already verified) to give me their equation. I ask the student to explain how they decided this would be the equation. I then ask all students to write the equation for the second day's ticket sales in their journals. I again select a volunteer to share their equation. I reiterate the math by "reading" the equation while pointing to variables: "9 adult tickets plus 7 student tickets equals $127. And 5 adult tickets plus 2 student tickets equals $46."
Next, I explain that now that we have the system of equations recorded, we are ready to solve. I ask students to choose a strategy they have learned (graphing, elimination, or substitution). Most students will choose the one that is most comfortable for them. I want to encourage them, however, to consider efficiency, so I ask, "Is the strategy you picked the most efficient one for solving this system? Be sure to think about this when solving." I encourage the students to solve the first system, ask for a student to volunteer his/her answer, and confirm with class before repeating the process with the second example.
I reveal the Work Time slide and ask students to read the instructions to themselves while I distribute envelopes with Systems Word Problems cards to them. I explain that they have 20 minutes to solve at least 5 of the problems and they can use whichever strategy they would prefer. I explain that I want the work recorded in their journals along with the solutions. I then start the timer.
Once the Work Time timer sounds, I call the students' attention back to the Smart board for Building Consensus. Although students were just required to solve 5 of the 8 problems, I seek student volunteers to model the process they used to solve each problem. After each student writes the equations and solves, I ask if any student used a different method for solving the system. I show these examples under the document camera to verify that any method can be applied and the same solution results. If no student selected a particular card, I skip it until the end for the class to solve as a whole. After we have solved all eight problems I preview the next day's lesson with students by explaining that we will be
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The 2013 legislative session adjourned this week after facing the greatest threats to the Second Amendment never before seen in the Pine Tree State. With your help, all of the anti-gun bills proposed during this session were defeated, and important Right-to-Carry confidentiality legislation was enacted into law. A special thanks to all dedicated NRA members and Second Amendment supporters who contacted their elected state officials on gun-related legislation.
Please click on the links below to see how your elected officials voted on these various measures:
Pro-Gun Legislation Enacted:
LD 345, important Concealed Handgun Permit (CHP) confidentiality legislation, passed by a 27-8 vote in the state Senate and by a 106-40 vote in the state House. This legislation went into effect when signed into law by Governor Paul LePage (R) on April 26.
Pro-Gun Legislation Defeated:
LD 660 would have allowed a person who is a resident of Maine and is not otherwise prohibited by law from possessing a firearm, to carry concealed without first obtaining a Concealed Handgun Permit (CHP). By a 74-73 vote, the state House accepted the Ought Not to Pass recommendation from the Joint Criminal Justice and Public Safety Committee on LD 660 and the measure failed in the state Senate by a 14-21 vote.
Anti-Gun Legislation Defeated:
LD 265 would have repealed an important self-defense measure enacted in 2011, which prohibits an employer from banning an employee with a valid Permit to Carry Concealed Firearms from keeping a firearm in the employee's vehicle as long as the vehicle is locked and the firearm is not visible. LD 265 was defeated by a 15-20 vote in the state Senate, and failed in the state House on a voice vote.
LD 267 would have criminalized private transfers by mandating background investigations for all firearm transfers performed at gun shows. LD 267 was defeated in the state Senate by a 16-19 vote and in the state House by a 69-73 vote.
LD 1173 would have repealed an important self-defense measure that allows individuals who have obtained a CHP to carry a firearm in state parks and historic sites and was defeated on a voice vote in the state Senate and House.
LD 1240 would have restricted private firearm transfers, loans and sales by establishing a system of fines and unjustly burdening law-abiding citizens. This legislation passed in the state House by a 78-71 vote and in the state Senate by an 18-17 vote after state Senator John Tuttle (D-3) reversed his vote on the last day of session to side with the anti-gun faction. Governor Paul LePage (R) vetoed this misguided legislation and the state House did not have enough votes to override the Governor’s veto.
The NRA thanks Governor LePage and all state legislators who stood up for our firearms freedom and voted against all misguided legislation during the first year of Maine’s 126th legislative session.
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Resources and Expertise to Support People and Communities
Once a railroad town, Brighton now rests peacefully on the western shores of the 600 acre lake called Island Pond, so named because of the lake's 22 acre island in its midst. In Essex County in the Northeast Kingdom at 44° 47' latitude and 71°52' longitude, sixteen miles south of Quebec, Canada, sits this town whose people have worked in the forests, mills, and on the railroad. Surrounding Brighton are towns and unorganized townships of similar shape and size: Morgan, Warren Grant, Warren Gore, and Avery Gore to the north; Lewis and Ferdinand to the east; to the south, East Haven and Newark and to the west, Westmore, Charleston, and Morgan.
The village of Island Pond has been the community center and population nucleus of Brighton, since the 1850s when it housed the halfway station between Montreal and Boston on the Grand Trunk Railroad line (See "Railroads" below). Before the 1850s, Brighton relied on its forests for money through the Fitzgerald Land and Lumber Company that in 1899 had been a leading private industry for over a quarter of a century.
With the arrival of the railroad, however, business quickly sprang up around the station. Island Pond's population swelled from 105 in 1830 to 2,000 in 1870 (Time and Change..., p.185). Many of the 600 Irish laborers who worked on the railroads stayed to work in the mills or on farms (Ruth Harvey Kaufman). Brighton's population peaked at 2,500 during World War II. However, with the decline of the railroads and the advent of the Great Depression, the population dwindled steadily to a low of 1,365 residents in 1960.
With the arrival of the Northeast Kingdom Community Church in the 1970s, the population increased as the religious commune settled and gathered members (See "Northeast Kingdom Community Church" below). The population of Brighton today (according to the 1990 Census) remains at 1,562 residents. Island Pond maintains 1,222 or 78.2% of the resident population [Someone should check density figures, in the village and in the surrounding town.] Brighton led Essex County in births with 32, and with 20 deaths in 1992 according to the Health Department. These measures were influenced, no doubt, by the immigration of Church members.
The 1989 median income for residents of Brighton was $22,358 and for Island Pond, $25,227. The majority of families (183) above poverty-level were couples married from six to seventeen years. Those who fell below poverty-level (38 families) were comprised of single females with no husband present. Out of 530 households in Brighton, more than half worked for a wage or salary income; the remainder (220) received no wage or salary. More than half of households are self-employed in non-farming enterprise; those households that do receive a self-employed farming income total at 18. Households receiving public assistance income are 72; those who don't are 458.
The town known as "Gilead", later to become Brighton, was chartered on August 13, 1780 by a group of pioneering men from Connecticut. However, the town went up for sale again because of the group's failure to pay and it sat officially unclaimed. A little over a year later on August 30, 1781, a group of Rhode Island investors lead by Colonel Joseph Nightingale of the Continental Army, bought the town and in 1820, Enos Bishop became the area's first white settler. The population grew slowly to 193 people by the end of the 1800s.
Town structures from a century ago included the Green Mountain House ("Up to their doors rolled the four-horse stage coaches then in vogue," wrote GREY BOOK - SPECIAL COLLECTIONS), three hotels, the Island Pond House that served as a hostelry, and the Opera House Block, still in existence, but back then housed a bank, power company, lawyers, a library, stores, offices and the fire department between both. Farms were plentiful with farmers such as S.D. Hobson, William E. Rosebrooke, Elias Bemis, A.J. Lang, M.C. David, and Hiram B. Farmer. (See below under "Built Resources Capital" for more information about Brighton's current physical infrastructures)
Housing units in Brighton total at 883, with 514 of those occupied and 369 unoccupied, according to 1989 Census data. Those units that are farms are 13 and those that are not total at 870. Of the occupied housing units, the majority (177) are owner occupied and are not mortgaged. The average rent for these dwellings is $187 per month. The majority of owners (71) are from 35 to 44 years old; the minority (2) are 15 to 25 years old. Most of these occupied homes have five rooms (208) and the least amount have 1 room (13). The median year in which these structures were built was 1957; in 1939 or earlier, 106 of these units were built.
What's in a name
Before the English gave it a name, Brighton and Island Pond were known only in the tribal tongue of the Nulheganock Indians. Part of the Algonquin family that flourished in the eastern region of the state and New England, the Nulheganock Indians hunted and grew their food. The physical traces they left behind have yet to be uncovered. (Harold Meeks, Time and Change in Vermont, p.7)
The area then became "Gilead" in 1780, with a title that captured the Biblical nature of the hills and lookouts. Gilead was a city in ancient Palestine, though in more recent times the name refers to the 4,000 foot Gilead Mountain east of the Jordan River.
While the town waited for a buyer, local dwellers called it simply "Number 31". It was only one of several Northeast Kingdom towns that Vermont was selling to support itself. When Colonel Nightingale bought the town, he named it "Random" after the manner in which they selected "Number 31" for purchase.
Before the turn of the century, the town received its last and final name. The 1832 State Legislature acting upon the advice of the settlers who considered "Random" an unattractive name, renamed the town Brighton. The name had previously been used for several Massachusetts and New York communities that were named after the English resort.
- 1781 - Soldiers from Rhode Island buy the town called Gilead and Number 31 and rename it Random (Kelly, 1991).
- 1820 - Random's first settler Enos Bishop comes to town.
- 1832 - The Vermont State Legislature changes the town's name to Brighton (Kelly, 1991).
- 1853 - The first international railroad, running between Portland, Maine, and Montreal, links up in Island Pond. The railroad becomes part of Canadian National Railway (Kelly, 1991).
- 1856 - Disastrous fire almost levels entire village.
- 1901 - Rudy Vallee, popular "crooner" and band leader, is born on July 28, 1901 (see "Personalities").
- 1978 - The controversial Northeast Kingdom Community Church which was begun in Tennessee, in 1971, moves to Brighton to settle in Island Pond.
- 1984 - State officials raid homes of the Northeast Kingdom Community Church members in Island Pond, citing child abuse as the impetus. The case attracts nationwide attention. Judge Frank G. Mahady rules that the raid was unconstitutional and orders the children returned to their parents (Kelly, 1991).
- 1991 - Common Sense, a bakery and general store located in the middle of Island Pond and run by the Northeast Kingdom Community Church, burns to the ground.
Last modified September 05 2013 02:45 PM
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24 search results
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Republicans and Democrats agree that the U.S. healthcare system needs reform. The United States spends more on healthcare than any country in the world per capita and as a portion of total GDP (the size of the country’s economy). However, Americans as a whole do not receive the best care, as shown by measures such as life expectancy (where the United States ranks 42nd). Over 15 percent of American citizens do not have health insurance; yet for those who can afford it, the most advanced treatments can be found in the United States. The debate about healthcare has focused on how to lower costs, improve care, and increase coverage, without eliminating the option to buy the best care available.
This debate has a turbulent history. A national plan to provide healthinsurance to all American citizens was first supported in a presidential campaign by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912. By the 1950s, the current model of employer-based health insurance became prominent. Since then, several major reforms have been enacted. In 1965 President Lyndon Johnson signed into law Medicare and Medicaid, programs that provide healthcare to the elderly, poor, blind, and disabled. In 1973, Richard Nixon signed the Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) law, funding the creation of group insurance plans (HMOs) meant to prevent illnesses in communities rather than treat them after the fact, when it is more expensive. In 1986, Ronald Reagan signed two new laws, one that required hospitals to treat all emergency room patients in need of immediate care even if they do not have health insurance, and another that allowed people to keep their employer’s insurance for 18 months after losing their job. Each of these reforms was the result of vigorous debate, and each required at least some support from both Democrats and Republicans to pass.
When he took office in 2009, President Barack Obama called on Congress to pass comprehensive healthcare reform to solve the problems of cost, quality, and coverage. Most Republicans flat-out rejected plans to increase the role of government in healthcare provision, while more liberal Democrats wanted a single-payer system, which would allow all Americans to buy the same insurance. Mr. Obama proposed instead that the current insurance system should remain, with the addition of a government-run “public option.” This proposal failed, and Obama and Congress ultimately compromised by including an “individual mandate” requiring all those who can afford to buy health insurance to do so. The intent of the mandate was to increase the pool of people in the health insurance system, thereby lowering the overall cost of insurance for everybody and reducing the number of uninsured people relying on free (and expensive) emergency room care. Proponents of the mandate argue that expanding coverage is the best way to reduce the cost because it encourages individuals to seek preventative care earlier, thus saving insurers and patients more on long-term costs. Under the mandate, there is a tax penalty for citizens who can afford insurance but do not buy it. Although no Republicans supported the final bill with the mandate in place, Congress passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which became law on March 23, 2010. Some of the law’s provisions have already gone into effect.
Shortly after its passage, however, several individuals, states, and lobbying groups, with the support of congressional Republicans, sued the federal government over the law, saying that the individual mandate was unconstitutional because it required all citizens to purchase a good. They argued that because of the Tenth Amendment, which leaves all powers not expressly given to the federal government up to the states and the people, the federal government could not require people to buy insurance. Those believing in the constitutionality of the mandate asserted that insurance is a form of interstate commerce (commerce across state borders) and therefore the mandate to buy insurance is covered by the Commerce Clause of the Constitution, which gives the federal government the right to regulate interstate commerce. The case went to the Supreme Court, which decided on June 28, 2012, that the mandate and the law in its entirety is constitutional. Although the Court agreed that insurance did not count as interstate commerce, it ruled that the mandate was constitutional because it was a tax, similar to the federal taxes required of all citizens who can afford to pay them. Unless Congress chooses to reverse the law, the Affordable Care Act will continue to be implemented, becoming fully effective by 2020.
The election debates surrounding healthcare reform will center mainly on federal insurance mandates, reproductive care, and the future of Medicaid and Medicare. Republicans have advocated for reduced federal power in the healthcare system and have offered cost-cutting alternatives such as capping malpractice damages awards and promoting competition among insurance providers. Both sides generally agree that reform is necessary, but proposals for fixing healthcare in America are firmly divided along party lines. Even so, both sides believe that insurers should not be able to deny or cancel coverage to patients based on pre-existing conditions.
Governor Mitt Romney passed a healthcare law in Massachusetts that was similar to the Affordable Care Act when he served as governor, but he has opposed Mr. Obama’s law, saying that he does not support the law’s provisions on a federal level. His plan for national healthcare would be to issue an executive order that paves the way for the federal government to issue “Obamacare” waivers to all fifty states. Then he would work with Congress to repeal the full legislation and pursue policies that give each state the power to craft a healthcare reform plan that is best for its own citizens. As his website states, “the federal government’s role will be to help markets work by creating a level playing field for competition.”
Reproductive healthcare and access to proper healthcare for women has been connected to the health reform issue as well. The Obama administration has supported the inclusion of contraception coverage in reform bills, maintaining that access to reproductive care is a basic right of women and families as well as a necessary component for reducing overall healthcare expenditures. Governor Romney and the Republicans have pushed for reducing or eliminating federal funding for reproductive care services and organizations such as Planned Parenthood, arguing that taxpayers should not be compelled to fund services against which they have religious or ideological disagreement.
-This article was written by Denise Yu and appears in full in The IDEA Guide to the 2012 U.S. Presidential Elections.
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You show a black hat and place it on the volunteer's head but you need the hat to be any color but black to make the trick to happen, so you turn it inside out. The hat now changes to a red hat. It still doesn’t look right to you so you turn it inside out again hoping to get the back the black hat.
This time instead of turning back into the black hat it turns into a Yellow hat. Surprised you turn it inside out again and it turns into a Green hat and finally into a Blue hat. This Color Changing Hat can be used as a running gag or a trick on its own. This coloring changing hat is great with kids and offers plenty of opportunities for a comedy act.
The hat has been specially designed with black borders that will prevent the next color from prematurely flashing from the corners.
This is a great comedy effect at a very affordable price that packs flat and plays big.
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•Fire has been reported in Mount Kenya and Aberdares.
•KFS said fighting off the fire is an expensive affair.
The Kenya Forest Service has appealed for support to contain wildfires ravaging the protected forests.
KFS board chairman Peter Kinyua on Wednesday raised his concerns over the wildfires, saying they need support.
"Our biggest challenge is the fire that we have today in Mount Kenya, Aberdares and Kirisia," he said.
The chair spoke at KFS headquarters, Karura, when he unveiled 45 motorcycles that will help to bolster forest conservation.
The motorcycles were bought through the support of the Green Zones Development Support Project funded by the African Development Bank and the government.
Kinyua challenged partners to avail equipment to start doing fire breaks to help contain the spread of fires.
"These fire breaks existed many many years ago," he said
He added that tractors will play a key role.
Kinyua said one of the things they will have to embark on is to get equipment and participate in fire fighting.
He said fires do not come into the forests but communities residing near the forest are the ones behind it.
"Communities are the ones who light fires as they are getting ready for planting season or those harvesting,"he said.
"The biggest problem we have is the moorland. Fires always start in the moorland, not in the KFS area and then they come down depending on the wind."
The board chairperson challenged government institutions like Kenya Wildlife Service to start creating fire breaks in their areas.
He warned that failure to have them will see millions of shillings spent planting and arresting fires.
He said hundreds of acres have since been ravaged by fires adding that they were not out of control.
Kinyua said huge fires have engulfed Mount Kenya but the one in Aberdares had been suppressed by Tuesday.
"We have a big fire in Mount Kenya that is moving dependent on the wind," he said.
"The communities are working closely with us. We have some NGOs giving us some support spending a lot of money."
He said KFS has also put a lot of resources into putting off the fire and once it rains, a lot of forests will rejuvenate.
The chairperson said KFS has trained a team in partnership with NGOs as well as the communities to help in the firefighting mission.
He said the terrain is quite difficult adding that the fire line as per yesterday was at about four kilometres.
In February, a new report warned that wildfires are set to become more intense and frequent, ravaging communities and ecosystems in their path.
The report by the Unep and GRID-Arendal said climate change and land-use change could lead to a sharp rise of fires by up to 50 per cent by the next century.
The Unep report, 'Spreading like Wildfire: The Rising Threat of Extraordinary Landscape Fires' said regions previously unaffected by wildfires will be the worst hit.
It was released before the fifth session of the UN Environment Assembly in Nairobi, between Monday and Wednesday.
Extreme fires will go up by 14 per cent by 2030, 30 per cent by the end of 2050 and 50 per cent by the end of the century.
In 2020, wildfires consumed large chunks of the Tsavo conservation area and destroyed more than 800 square kilometres.
Ecologists said the ravaging fires caused more harm to the biodiversity.
(Edited by Francis Wadegu)
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- freely available
Nutrients 2013, 5(12), 5012-5030; doi:10.3390/nu5125012
Abstract: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between micronutrient status and obesity, lipids, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation in children. Weight, height, waist circumference and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)) were determined in 197 school-aged children. Lipids, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), zinc, iron and vitamins A, C and E were analyzed in blood. Vitamin C and vitamin E:lipids were negatively associated with Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR) and body and abdominal fat (p < 0.05). Vitamin A was positively associated with BMI, BMI-for-age, WHR and abdominal fat (p < 0.05). Iron and vitamin E:lipids were negatively associated with insulin (p < 0.05). Vitamins A, C and E and iron were negatively associated with CRP (p < 0.05). Interaction analysis showed that children who were overweight and obese who also had low concentrations of vitamin A had higher CRP and lower triglycerides (p < 0.1), children with low vitamin E had significantly lower glucose and triglycerides (p < 0.1) and higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations (p < 0.05), and children with low zinc concentrations had higher insulin resistance compared with children with adequate weight (p < 0.05). In conclusion, low vitamin C concentration and vitamin E:lipids were associated with obesity. Furthermore, low concentrations of zinc, vitamins A and E in children who were overweight and obese were associated with lipids, inflammation and insulin resistance.
In the past few years, the prevalence of childhood obesity in Mexico and other developing countries in the world has increased at alarming proportions. The combined prevalence of being overweight and obesity in school-aged Mexican children is 34.4% (19.8% and 14.6%, respectively). For girls, this combined prevalence is 32% and for boys is 36.9%. Childhood obesity increases the risk for certain health conditions, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In a population of school-aged children in Mexico, with a high prevalence of being overweight and obesity (35%), the prevalence of high triglyceride concentration was 57%; 33% had elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Only 6% had adequate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, and 65% had high LDL-HDL ratios . It has also been observed in school-aged Mexican children that obesity not only increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, but also chronic inflammation . Preventive measures are needed to decrease the prevalence of childhood obesity in Mexico and to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome in this and other populations, as well.
Recent studies suggest that micronutrient deficiencies may contribute to fat deposition and chronic inflammation [3,4,5]. A higher risk of low concentrations of iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C have been observed in obese children and adolescents compared to children and adolescents with normal weight [6,7,8,9]. The deficiency of these micronutrients may increase the risk of developing obesity. Vitamins A, C and E, for example, have been shown to decrease or inhibit the expression of leptin, in both humans and animal models [4,10,11,12].
In Mexico, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in school-aged children is high: approximately 16.6% of the children have anemia; 13% have iron deficiency; 23.6% have zinc deficiency; and 30% have vitamin C deficiency [13,14,15]. Thus, it is possible that the high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies might be contributing to the development of obesity, particularly in rural areas, where the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is higher. In women from rural areas, concentrations of zinc and vitamin C were associated with obesity, adiposity and leptin concentrations . Furthermore, low zinc concentrations were associated with chronic inflammation . The relationship between micronutrient status with obesity and comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation and risk of diabetes in school-aged children, is not known.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between micronutrient status and obesity, lipid profile, insulin resistance and low-grade systemic inflammation in school-aged children from a rural area in Queretaro, Mexico.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects and Experimental Design
A total of 197 school-aged children (6–10.5 years) participated in a cross-sectional study. Children were recruited from two rural communities, Amazcala and San Rafael, in the State of Querétaro in Mexico. Parents received oral and written information about the study procedures. This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Human Research Committee of the School of Natural Sciences at the Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ) (Project ID: FCN-2009-02). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects’ parents or caretaker. Children that had consumed a micronutrient supplement for the past month, had type I diabetes or had any physical or mental disability were not included in the study.
The sample size was calculated considering an estimated micronutrient deficiency prevalence of 30%, an odds ratio of being obese for the deficient children relative to non-deficient children of 2.35, with a statistical power of 0.8 and a type I error of 0.05. A total of 180 children were needed.
Children whose parents signed consent forms were evaluated in their schools, and their weight and height were measured. Parents were interviewed to determine their socioeconomic status (SES). During the same visit, a single fasting blood sample was collected from the participants for the biochemical determinations.
On a separate day, children were transported with one of their parents or tutor from their communities to the Nutrition Clinic at UAQ for body composition determination, blood pressure measurement and dietary intake evaluation.
2.2. Anthropometry and Body Composition
Weight and height were measured in duplicate, non-consecutively, by trained personnel following World Health Organization procedures . Children were weighed in light clothing, without sweaters or shoes, using an electronic scale (SECA Mod. 813, Hamburg, Germany) to the nearest 0.1 g. Height was determined using a portable stadiometer (SECA Mod 206, Hamburg, Germany) with 0.1-cm precision. A child was considered overweight with a Body Mass Index-for-age (BMI-for-age) from the World Health Organization growth charts above one standard deviation and obese above two standard deviations .
Whole body composition analysis to determine body fat percent, lean mass and fat-free mass was done using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) (Hologic Mod Explorer, Bedford, MA, USA). Analysis was carried out by a certified technician. Abdominal fat mass and abdominal fat percent were estimated following a procedure previously described by Hill et al. . Excess body fat for girls was considered above 30% and above 25% for boys [19,20].
2.3. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure was measured in duplicate with at least one hour’s difference between measurements, using a digital wrist blood pressure monitor (Citizen Mod CH606, Tokyo, Japan). High blood pressure was defined with a systolic or diastolic blood pressure higher than the 95th percentile .
2.4. Blood Analysis
A fasting blood sample was collected by venipuncture from each subject on the first visit to the community health clinic. Children and their parents were instructed not to eat anything at least 12 h before the blood sample was collected early in the morning. Plasma and serum were separated in blood samples by centrifugation at 1800–2000 rpm for 15 min, and aliquots were stored at −70 °C for later analysis. Blood analysis included vitamins A, C and E, total iron, zinc, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and C-reactive protein (CRP). All laboratory analyses were performed in duplicate at the Human Nutrition Laboratory of UAQ.
Vitamins A and E were measured in serum using the modified reported technique by Bieri et al. . These vitamins were measured simultaneously by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Mod 2996, Waters Associates, Milford, MA, USA), at a wavelength of 300 nm, using the corresponding U.S. Pharmacopeial (USP) certified retinol and alpha-tocopherol standards, with a C18 column (Waters, New Braunfels, TX, USA) and a mobile phase of 100% methanol (J.T.Baker, Deventer, Netherlands). Vitamin A deficiency was considered with retinol concentrations <10 μg/dL and low concentrations <20 μg/dL . Vitamin E deficiency was defined with a concentration of alpha-tocopherol <3 μg/mL and low concentrations <5 μg/mL . When using the vitamin E:lipids ratio, vitamin E deficiency was considered with <0.8 mg/g . Serum vitamin C was determined by reverse phase HPLC, with a photodiode detector (Waters Mod 2996, Waters Associates, Milford, MA, USA), at a wavelength of 254 nm, using a C18 column (Waters, New Braunfels, TX, USA) and a mobile phase of NaH2PO4 0.01 M and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 0.2 mM (J.T.Baker, Deventer, Netherlands), as previously reported . Vitamin C deficiency was considered with concentrations of ascorbic acid <2 μg/mL and low concentrations with levels of <4 μg/mL .
Total iron concentration in serum was measured using a commercial kit (Iron Ferrozine, Elitech, Sées, France) and a spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, Mod Zeeman 5100). Low iron concentrations were considered <60 μg/dL and deficiency with concentrations <45 μg/dL . Zinc concentrations were measured in serum by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAnalyst 7000, Perkin Elmer Instruments, Norwalk, CT, USA). Zinc deficiency was defined with zinc plasma concentrations <65 mg/L .
Plasma HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were measured by spectrophotometry (Genesis 20 ThermoSpectronic, Thermo Electron Corp, Madison, WI, USA) using commercially available kits (Cholesterol HDL, Elitech, Sées, France; Cholesterol LDL, Spinreact, Sant Esteve de Bas, Spain). Triglycerides and total cholesterol were determined in plasma using commercially available kits (Cholesterol, Elitech, Sées, France; Triglycerides, Elitech, Sées, France) using a clinical chemical analyzer (Bayer RA-50, Bayer Diagnostics, Dublin, Ireland). High total cholesterol concentrations were defined as ≥200 mg/dL, high LDL with concentrations ≥130 mg/dL, high triglycerides with concentrations ≥100 mg/dL for children <9 years of age and ≥130 mg/dL for children >10 years of age and low HDL with concentrations <40 mg/dL .
Fasting glucose was measured in plasma by a colorimetric/enzymatic method using a commercial kit (Glucose Elitech, Sées, France) and a clinical analyzer (Bayer RA-50, Bayer Diagnostics, Leverkusen, Germany). Insulin concentration in serum was determined by a commercial ELISA kit (Bio Quant, San Diego, CA, USA) using a microplate photometer (Multiskan Ascent, Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA). Insulin resistance was determined using the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) with the following formula: HOMA = (insulin × glucose)/22.5 . A child with fasting glucose concentrations ≥100 mg/dL was considered pre-diabetic . Insulin resistance was defined with a HOMA value >3.16 .
CRP was quantified in serum using a commercial high sensitivity ELISA kit (Bioquant, San Diego CA, USA) with a Multiskan Ascent microplate photometer (Thermo Electron Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA).
2.5. Socioeconomic Status
Socioeconomic status (SES) was evaluated using a validated questionnaire that has been used in previous studies [32,33] and included information regarding living conditions, belongings and crowding. The SES variables were included in the statistical analysis models.
2.6. Diet Evaluation
Children’s habitual diet was evaluated by previously trained nutritionist using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire that was applied to the children and his/her mother at the same time. Daily nutrient intake was calculated using food composition tables from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and from the National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán” .
2.7. Physical Activity
Physical activity was measured using a previously validated questionnaire for school-aged children . Mothers were asked the total hours of physical activity, type of activities and frequency of these activities performed by their children during the previous week. According to the number of the metabolic equivalent of task (Met), the activities were divided according to their intensity as light (<3 Mets), moderate (3–5 Mets) and vigorous (>6 Mets) .
2.8. Statistical Analysis
Descriptive analyses were performed for all variables. Dependent variables that did not meet a normal distribution were transformed to their natural logarithm to perform the statistical tests that require this assumption, and geometric means are presented in transformed variables. Pearson correlations between micronutrient variables and outcome variables (anthropometry, body fat and biochemical markers) were carried out. In addition, linear models were performed to predict biochemical markers from a low concentration of micronutrients and the interaction of each micronutrient with the presence of being overweight and obesity, adjusted for age, crowding and father’s education in years. The variables, insulin and HOMA Index, could not achieve the normal distribution; thus, a generalized linear model that uses the gamma distribution with the log link function was used to evaluate the same associations. Statistical significance was set at a probability level of <0.05 and <0.1 for interactions. All data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 (IBM® SPSS®, Armonk, NY, USA).
Complete questionnaires and laboratory data were obtained from 197 children. General characteristics of the population are described in Table 1. Approximately 18% of the children had high triglycerides concentrations. Seven point one percent had a low concentration of HDL, and the combined prevalence of being overweight and obesity was high (44%).
|Crowding 2, ppr 3||2.94||1.57|
|Father’s education, years||7.15||2.82|
|Mother’s education, years||6.67||2.58|
|BMI 2, kg/cm2||18.07||1.18|
|BMI for age, Z-score||0.99||1.21|
|Waist 2, cm||63.88||1.15|
|Waist to height ratio 2||50.00||1.11|
|Body fat, %||31.13||6.40|
|Abdominal fat 2, kg||436.76||1.73|
|Clinical and biochemical measures|
|Systolic 2, mmHg||91.15||1.11|
|Diastolic 2, mmHg||63.34||1.11|
|C-reactive protein 2, mg/dL||1.62||2.03|
|Triglycerides 2, mg/dL||87.56||1.56|
|Total cholesterol, mg/dL||128.75||29.50|
|Low density lipoproteins, mg/dL||77.18||19.74|
|High density lipoproteins, mg/dL||47.08||10.35|
|Insulin 2, µIU/mL||3.39||1.47|
|Vitamin A, µg/dL||29.72||7.20|
|Vitamin C, µg/mL||4.25||1.51|
|Vitamin E, µg/mL||5.80||1.42|
|Vitamin E:lipids ratio mg/g||2.68||0.68|
1 SD, standard deviation; 2 values are geometric means; 3 ppr, people per room.
The prevalence of low concentrations of vitamin E, vitamin C and iron and the prevalence of zinc deficiency were high in this population (Table 2). Vitamin A or vitamin E deficiencies were very low.
|Vitamin A < 20 µg/dL||7.1|
|Vitamin C < 4 µg/mL||38.1|
|Vitamin C < 2 µg/mL||8.1|
|Vitamin E < 5 µg/mL||32.5|
|Vitamin E < 3 µg/mL||2.0|
|Vitamin E:lipids < 0.8 mg/g||0.0|
|Iron < 60 µg/dL||17.9|
|Iron < 45 µg/dL||6.6|
|Zinc < 65 µg/dL||24.9|
Dietary intake, including micronutrient intake, is shown in Table 3. The distribution of energy intake from carbohydrate, protein and fat is adequate in this population. Intake of fiber and all the micronutrients studied was below the recommended intake. The main sources of cereals and legumes consumed among this population were maize tortillas (154 g/day) and beans (76 g/day), respectively. Fruit drinks (naturally and artificially flavored) (112 g/day) and sodas (179 g/day) are highly consumed (>380 g/day), while fruit and vegetable intake is low (74 g of fruits and 40 g of vegetables per day). Furthermore, the daily intake of foods from animal origin, such as milk and meat, is low, only 12 g/day and 65 g/day, respectively.
Adjusted correlations show a negative and significant association between vitamin C concentration and waist/height ratio, body fat and abdominal fat (p < 0.05) (Table 4). On the contrary, vitamin A concentration was positively associated with BMI, BMI-for-age, waist circumference, waist/height ratio and abdominal fat (p < 0.05). Vitamin E concentration was also positively associated with waist/height ratio (p < 0.05). When adjusting for lipids, vitamin E concentrations were negatively associated with all the measures of obesity (p < 0.05). Low concentrations of iron and vitamins A, C and E were associated with higher CRP concentrations (p < 0.05). High insulin concentrations and insulin resistance were associated with low iron and vitamin E concentrations and the vitamin E:lipids ratio (p < 0.05). Finally, concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL were significantly and positively associated with vitamin A, vitamin E and zinc and negatively associated with vitamin E:lipids (p < 0.05).
|Nutrient intake||Means||95% CI|
|Energy (kcal) 1||1529.70||1472.2, 1588.7|
|Carbohydrates (g) 1,2||228.8||225.1, 232.7|
|% Energy from carbohydrates||59.4||58.5, 60.2|
|Protein (g) 1,2||48.7||47.4, 49.9|
|% Energy from protein||12.8||12.4, 13.1|
|Fat (g) 1,2||47.0||45.6, 48.4|
|% Energy from fat||27.9||27.1, 28.7|
|Fiber (g) 1,2||12.8||12.2, 13.5|
|Calcium (mg) 1,2||707.0||682.1, 732.8|
|Iron (mg) 1,2||10.7||10.4, 11.1|
|Zinc (mg) 2||5.1||3.5, 6.8|
|Vitamin A (µg) 1,2||419.5||390.0, 451.0|
|Vitamin C (mg) 1,2||44.1||40.0, 48.6|
|Vitamin E (mg) 1,2||2.8||2.6, 3.0|
|Nutrient intake below RI 3|
1 GM, geometric means and 95% confidence interval; 2 estimated values are adjusted for energy; 3 recommended intakes for children aged four to eight years and nine to 13 years are as follows: calcium < 800 mg and < 1200 mg, iron < 13 mg and <17 mg, zinc < 6.6 mg and <11.6 mg, vitamin A < 400 µg and <580 µg, vitamin C < 25 mg and <45 mg, vitamin E < 7 mg and <11 mg, respectively.
Interaction analysis showed that children who were overweight and obese that had low concentrations of vitamin A had significantly higher CRP concentrations (p < 0.05) and lower triglycerides (p < 0.1). Children with low vitamin E had significantly lower glucose (p < 0.1) and triglycerides (p < 0.05) and higher LDL concentrations (p < 0.05), and children with low zinc concentrations had higher insulin concentration and insulin resistance compared with children with adequate weight with low concentrations of these micronutrients (p < 0.05) (Table 5, Figure 1).
|BMI, Kg/cm2||0.223 *||0.115||−0.426 *||−0.116||−0.137||0.028|
|BMI for age, Zscore||0.219 *||0.100||−0.423 *||−0.077||−0.119||0.044|
|Waist, cm||0.178 *||0.116||−0.435 *||−0.142||−0.128||0.048|
|Waist to height ratio||0.178 *||0.080 *||−0.443 *||−0.157 *||−0.114||0.03|
|Body fat, %||0.116||0.081||−0.441 *||−0.231 *||−0.092||−0.026|
|Abdominal fat, Kg||0.192 *||0.137||−0.413 *||−0.204 *||−0.111||0.004|
|CRP, mg/dL 2||−0.248 *||−0.188 *||0.096||−0.143 *||−0.285 *||−0.085|
|Glucose, mg/dL||0.011||0.050||0.029||0.141||−0.153 *||0.031|
|Triglycerides, mg/dL||0.332 *||0.428 *||−0.542 *||0.030||0.023||0.118|
|Total cholesterol, mg/dL||0.340 *||0.500 *||−0.449 *||0.041||0.090||0.224 *|
|HDL, mg/dL 2||0.125||0.247 *||0.215 *||0.150 *||0.184 *||0.166 *|
|LDL, mg/dL 2||0.309 *||0.438 *||−0.441 *||−0.006||0.05||0.208 *|
|Insulin, μIU/mL||−0.070||−0.245 *||−0.322 *||0.007||−0.150 *||0.034|
|HOMA Index||−0.076||−0.233 *||−0.313 *||0.024||−0.171 *||0.028|
1 Values are correlation coefficients adjusted for crowding and children’s age; 2 CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL, high density lipoproteins; LDL, low density lipoprotein; * significance level: <0.05.
|Independent variables||C-Reactive Protein, mg/dL||Glucose, mg/dL||Triglycerides, mg/dL||Total cholesterol, mg/dL||Low density lipoprotein, mg/dL||High density lipoproteins, mg/dL||Insulin, μIU/mL||HOMA Index|
|BMI Zscore > 1 SD||0.77|
|Iron < 60 µg/dL||0.25|
|Iron < 60 µg/mL * BMI Z-score > 1 SD||0.489||0.319||0.765||0.577||0.299||0.627||0.501||0.355|
|Zinc < 65 μg/dL||−0.15|
|Zinc < 65 μg/dL * BMI Z-score > 1 SD||0.667||0.377||0.223||0.562||0.184||0.811||0.020||0.045|
|Vitamin A < 20 µg/dL||1.34|
|Vitamin A < 20 µg/dL * BMI Z-score > 1 SD||0.037||0.580||0.068||0.167||0.781||0.760||0.424||0.260|
|Vitamin E < 5 µg/mL||0.10|
|Vitamin E < 5 µg/mL * BMI Z-score > 1 SD||0.840||0.096||0.007||0.273||0.044||0.650||0.739||0.457|
|Vitamin C < 4 µg/mL||0.16|
|Vitamin C < 4 µg/mL * BMI Z-score > 1 SD||0.171||0.788||0.604||0.973||0.267||0.434||0.894||0.888|
1 Values are beta coefficients from linear models adjusted for age, crowding and father’s education in years. Since the dependent variables of these models could not achieve the normal distribution, these models were performed with the gamma distribution.
In the present study, zinc, iron and vitamin A, C and E status relate differently to measures of obesity, inflammation, lipid concentrations and insulin resistance in school-aged children from rural areas in Mexico.
A low vitamin C concentration was associated with higher body fat, abdominal fat and waist/height ratio. Similar results have been shown in adult populations with regards to being overweight and obesity, where the concentration of vitamin C was inversely associated with BMI, body fat and waist circumference [4,38]. Vitamin C may reduce adiposity through a number of different mechanisms. Ascorbic acid has been shown to modulate adipocyte lipolysis [39,40], inhibit inflammatory response and inhibit leptin concentration . Supplementing rats with vitamin C reduced the circulating levels of leptin and decreased body weight and adiposity in a rat model . Similarly to vitamin C, vitamin E concentrations adjusted by lipids were inversely associated with all markers of obesity. Lower vitamin E concentrations have also been associated with obesity in some populations [43,44] and, as with vitamin C, this association could be due to its role in leptin metabolism [12,45,46].
In this population, vitamin A concentration was positively associated with measures of obesity. These results differ from Viroonudomphol et al. (2003), who found that low concentrations of vitamin A in Thai adults who were overweight and obese were associated with higher weight, BMI and hip circumference . In a study in women from the same rural areas in Mexico, vitamin A was positively related to measures of obesity, but only on the lowest terciles of BMI (<30 kg/m2), waist circumference (<84.6 cm) and body fat (<36%) . The effect of vitamin A on adipogenesis, specifically retinoic acid, appears to be dose-dependent, suggesting that the relationship between vitamin A and adiposity differs in individuals with higher BMI and body fat content .
Vitamins A and E concentrations were positively related to triglycerides and total cholesterol concentration. Our results agree with those of Obeid et al. , where higher vitamin A and E concentrations were associated with higher concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides in a Lebanese adult population. The retinol-binding protein:serum retinol ratio has also been associated with high lipid concentration, particularly triglycerides, in children in Switzerland . These results may be explained by the roles that vitamins A and E have on lipid metabolism. For example, vitamin A coordinates lipid metabolism through the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 enzyme . Vitamin E is involved in lipids metabolism, mainly by protecting the lipids from oxidation and preventing the formation of oxidative damage . Thus, higher lipid concentrations will require higher vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations, and deficiencies of these vitamins may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease starting at an early age. Given the importance of these vitamins in lipids metabolism, public health strategies should focus on the impact of vitamin A and E deficiencies on an abnormal lipid profile.
C-reactive protein has been associated with obesity in both adults and children [52,53,54] and with an increase of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome [55,56]. In the population studied, concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and iron were negatively associated with concentrations of CRP. In addition, children that were overweight and obese and had low concentrations of vitamin A had higher concentrations of CRP compared with normal weight children. Our results are similar to those reported in other populations [52,57,58]. Richardson et al. found lower iron concentrations in children with high risk CRP values of >3 mg/L compared to children with low CRP values. Low levels of vitamin C have been associated with higher CRP concentrations in dialysis patients , in men with impaired vascular endothelial function and in an adult population in Japan . Similarly, an inverse relationship was found between vitamin A and vitamin E with CRP in both children and adult populations [54,58,61], and supplementing with vitamin E has been shown to reduce CRP levels and oxidative stress [62,63]. The role vitamin E has in inflammation and oxidative stress may ameliorate the positive relationship observed in this study between vitamin E and lipid profile. Thus, these micronutrients might have anti-inflammatory properties and may play an important role in the prevention of chronic inflammation associated with obesity in the early stages of life.
Vitamin E, iron and zinc concentrations were related with glucose and insulin in the population studied. Children with normal weight had significantly lower concentrations of glucose when they had vitamin E deficiency compared with overweight and obese children. In contrast, animal models have demonstrated that vitamin E participates in glucose metabolism and may be a protective factor against type 2 diabetes . High insulin concentrations and the HOMA Index were related to low iron concentrations. It has been observed in studies in human and animal models that iron is involved in the regulation of insulin and glucose [65,66]. Iron overload, for example, has been associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes through the metabolism of adiponectin [67,68]. Furthermore, a higher HOMA index was observed in zinc-deficient children who were overweight and obese than in children without zinc deficiency. These results agree with those found by Ortega et al. , who observed an increased risk of insulin resistance with age, higher BMI and low concentrations of zinc in school-aged children. Zinc is known to play an important role in insulin metabolism, specifically in its synthesis, storage and secretion . Furthermore, the expression of the adipocytokine zinc-α (2) glycoprotein (ZAG), involved in the stimulation of lipolysis in the adipocyte, is reduced in obesity and has also been related with higher insulin resistance . These results suggest that zinc deficiency may be a potential risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in the later stages of life.
One major limitation of the present study is that, since it is a cross-sectional study, causality cannot be established. Furthermore, with the exception of zinc, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies was low, even when the intake of all micronutrients was below the recommended intake for school-aged children. The relationship between obesity and micronutrients could be different in obese populations with a higher prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies.
In conclusion, low vitamin C concentration and the vitamin E:lipids ratio were associated with obesity. In addition, low concentrations of vitamins A and E and zinc in children who were overweight and obese were associated with lipids, inflammation and insulin resistance. More studies are needed to explore the causality of these relationships. Furthermore, future research should focus on the effectiveness of providing micronutrients to prevent obesity and its comorbidities in this age group.
The authors would like to acknowledge the work of the nutritionists, Fernanda Chávez and Jessica Gutierrez, who participated in the field work, and also the health clinics in the communities where the study took place. The study was partially funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) project number: SEP-2008-C01-87600.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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What is a Parish or Town Council?
Your Parish Council is the first tier of local government closest to the people it represents. They are independent of other levels of local government but maintain a close working relationship with them. The elected members in each of Bracknell Forest’s six parishes work closely with community groups and Bracknell Forest Council to provide services relevant in each area.
Parishes vary in size and population but each tailors its services and spending to its community – some being predominately urban, and others more rural.
Parish and town councils are essentially different names for the same thing as they have the same powers and can provide the same services. The only difference is that town councils occur in those places where the parish has declared itself to be a town and while parish councils have a chairman town councils have a mayor.
In Bracknell Forest there are six parish and town councils who:
- Give views, on behalf of their local community, on proposals that affect the parish for example planning applications
- Work in partnership with other organisations to achieve benefits for the area
- Take on and develop schemes that will be of benefit to local residents
- Alert relevant authorities to problems or work that needs to be carried out
How are Parish and Town Councils funded?
The funding for parish and town councils comes from the ‘precept’ a sum of money collected each year through your council tax. They can also get additional funding by applying for grants and loans and through income derived from the rents and leases of any properties or land that they own.
What services do they provide?
Parish and Town Councils have powers to provide some facilities themselves or they can contribute towards their provision by others. The services provided by parish councils vary from area to area and you should contact them to find out what they do for you but their work often includes local environmental work in parks and play areas, provision of sports pitches and open spaces, play equipment and allotments. Some run community halls and services for young people and all give grants to help local groups.
All of them have an office and staff equipped to help you and a focal point for information on many local groups and Borough-wide services.
See below for how to contact your Parish Council and learn more about its services.
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Chillicothe Ohio, July 10, 1834.
I am a free man of color, by the name of William Dailey, and respectfully crave permission to address you on a subject deeply interesting to myself. I was in the public service in the War of the Revolution—was charged with dispatches by Governor Jefferson to the Lieutenants of the several Counties of Virginia, and some of those of North Carolina, at the time the enemy made a descent & commenced his ravages upon Virginia, riding express and delivering them respectively, pursuant to orders. In the performance of that and similar duties, I, on one occasion, called upon your Excellency with communications from the Governor aforesaid, appertaining to the public concerns. This occurrence, you Sir, will probably recollect, from the circumstance of your expressing great surprise, at the time, that a colored man, & one so young, should be intrusted with so important a charge—At least, I hope your memory may be clear with respect to this particular; as that, in connexion with other facts, may enable me to obtain the Pension for which I am about to apply. Knowing the justice of my claim, I should have made application much earlier to the Government, had it not been that my circumstances enabled me to live comfortably without it. Increasing years and the usual infirmities attendant thereon together with reverses of fortune, have reduced me to so great necessity as to overcome my pride & reluctance, and to induce me to become an applicant, in common with others, for that compensation, or gratuity, which a grateful & generous government have bestowed upon those who faithfully served their country in the Revolutionary War. Mine being a claim, sanctioned by patriotism and public Justice, can not fail of meeting with a favorable reception from the Government, and permit me, Sir, to hope, with the friendly consideration of your Excellency, who, illustrious & celebrated for your own distinguished & highly important public services, can not be indifferent to the merits of those who acted a subordinate & humble part in the same great cause of National Freedom and the rights of man. Should, your Excellency recollect, as suggested, you will confer a signal favor, by forwarding a communication to that effect, as early as your convenience will permit, to, Respected Sir, Your obedient and humble servt
N. B. I am now in my seventy third year.
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Plant Based Eggs
Only recently has “plant-based” become a buzzword, taste and convenience are drivers of the wider adoption of plant-based alternatives.
Over the last many years, vegan alternatives to animal products have erupted into the mainstream. Now, food manufacturers and consumers alike are hurrying to enter the next frontier in cruelty-free substitutes: Eggs. It’s no shock, then, that a flurry of egg alternates have hit shelves in the last many years.
Read the article below to know more:
Eggless Eggs Are Next To Crack Into The Plant-Based Marketplace
To know how eggless eggs are the next thing in plant based market, Click here
Check out: Cauliflower as a substitute for carbs
Plant Based Egg Startup
Here are some of the food tech startups in the plant based egg industry:
JUST: Just, a San Francisco-based startup has raised approximately $300 million and is valued at $1.2 billion to “build a food procedure where everyone has access to delicious, nutritious food,” wants to be at the fore of this shift. So just last year, it launched JUST Egg, a plant-based egg packed with neat, sustainable protein and scrambles and tastes like eggs.
Zero Egg: Zero Egg is an Israeli startup that creates a plant-based liquid egg alternative that tastes, looks, and functions like a real egg. This product is acceptable for use as an alternative for egg in any food items, including omelets, baked goods, and sauces. Moreover, opposite to real eggs, Zero Egg’s product does not comprise cholesterol.
Two French entrepreneurs are developing a plant-based egg that looks, cooks, and tastes just like a chicken egg. Made from legumes, the ground-breaking eggs can be scrambled, cooked, and fried. They even come with eggshells to break down. The makers of the new egg are biologists Philippine Soulères and Sheryline Thavisouk, co-founders of a company called Les Merveillœufs.
Read the articles to know more:
New Plant-Based Startup to Launch Vegan Eggs Complete with Eggshells
This plant based egg that looks, cooks, and tastes just like a chicken egg - Click here
Read how this startup is set to disrupt India’s plant-based food market with its ‘clean’ egg substitute - Click here
Plant-Based Egg Startup Evo Foods Receives Capital from VegInvest and Shiok Meats CEO
This plant based egg startup has received capital from a vegan investment firm. To know more, Click here
Plant based Startup Just Launches Campaign
This plant based startup launched a campaign to make everyday Earth Day. To read more, Click here
Also Read: Plant based Tuna
Plant based food alternatives
If you want to know about plant based food alternatives ideas for startups,
Refer to the links to know more:
7 Top Startups
Here are the top startups creating Plant based Alternatives for Animal Products - Click here
5 Healthy, Whole Food Plant-Based Meat Alternatives
Here are some plant based meat alternatives - Click here
Plant-Based Meats, Ranked by a Devout Non-Vegetarian
To know about this ranking of plant based meats, Click here
10 Food Substitutions Every Plant-Based Eater Should Know
For plant based substitutions, Click here
We, at OpenGrowth, are continually looking for trending startups in the ecosystem.
If you want to know any further information about the startup ecosystem or have any mind-boggling ideas, do refer to the other blogs at OpenGrowth. If you have any suggestions, do let us know in the comment section below.
Contributor: Beauty Kumari
An eloquent individual, love to express a myriad of topics through her words. She is ready to take any professional challenge head-on and give her best to any project entrusted to her. She wants to adversely impact through her writing and build a career out of her passion.
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Cinco de Mayo Party Planning
Cinco de Mayo, Spanish for the "fifth of May," commemorates the Battle of Puebla, when Mexico defeated France in the mid-1800s. While in Mexico the official holiday is a relatively quiet affair, it has developed into a massive cultural celebration of Mexican heritage in the U.S., especially in Mexican-American communities.
Try your hand at this annual celebration of all things Mexico by throwing a party of your own. Cinco de Mayo is the perfect time to get your Parrothead compadres together for good food, great drinks and party games. Here are a few fun party ideas for this Cinco de Mayo.
Play Mexico pub trivia
With massive cultural influences, a 1,900-mile long shared border and plenty of tropical vacation spots Parrotheads love, Mexico is hugely important to the U.S., but how much do you really know about our neighbor to the south? As part of your Cinco de Mayo celebration create a pub trivia-like game about Mexican pop culture, history, geography and music. It's guaranteed to be fun and informative.
Provide a Mexican drink bar
Outfit your home bar with all Mexican ingredients. Prepare your frozen concoction maker to make the classic cocktail of this holiday for everyone at the party: A margarita! Use tequila and agave nectar that come straight from Mexico.
Provide other Mexican adult beverages such as drinks made with mezcal or some frosty cervezas. Cola made with real sugar and agua fresca are sweet, non-alcoholic beverages younger guests will enjoy.
"The first thing people want after a margarita is some tasty Mexican food."
Make plenty of food
The first thing most people want after a ice-cold margarita is some tasty Mexican food. Go all out for Cinco de Mayo. Make your own salsa and guacamole, learn how to roll the perfect burrito, serve the hottest peppers you can find and grill some fresh fajitas.
Try some crafts
Crafts aren't just for kids' birthday parties, they can be a fun way for adults to relax and socialize at themed fiestas. Try your hand at making your own piñata or paper flowers. These crafts are surprisingly simple and leave you with something fun and colorful to show for it.
It's not a party without dancing. Before your celebration, spend some time on YouTube, learning a Mexican dance then teach your guests the moves at your party. It might not look perfect, but you'll definitely have fun doing it.
Your fellow Parrotheads at Margaritaville® Cargo remind you to enjoy your frozen concoctions responsibly and obey all drinking laws.
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City Quays 3
Date of Construction
Engineers / Architects
SDG were approached by Tyrone Formwork to assist with the supply of a permanent formwork solution.
Floor slabs are usually 300mm however this job had a requirement of a 1650mm deep slab.
Contact was made with SDG to see if we could source a solution to pour without using traditional formwork methods to facilitate a quicker basement slab pour.
SDG sourced recostal® 2000 GT which is permanent formwork allowing Tyrone Formwork to create a construction joint on the slab with a key profile according to Euro Code 2.
Units are supplied to specific project-heights on site. Recostal® shuttering is also available with anti-leakage material and clamps to eliminate the need to weld rebars.
- Self-supporting, systemised method of construction joint support
- Vastly reduced labour for fixing and removing traditional methods
- Bespoke to dimensions onsite
- Stronger joint profile allows reduced rebar
- Accommodates slabs up to 3000mm
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::R0489 : page 2::
Secret prayer has the sanction of lofty examples. Isaac went out into the fields to meditate at eventide. In his chamber, Daniel knelt upon his knees three times a day, and prayed and gave thanks before the Lord his God. Jesus saw the devotion of Nathaniel under the figtree. Peter was at prayer on the housetop when he received his commission to preach the gospel to the Gentiles. Jesus withdrew from the multitude and from the presence of the disciples, and retired to the mountains, or to the desert to pray. Sometimes He spent the whole night in prayer. How often did Olivet witness the devotions of the Man of Sorrows the last rays of the setting sun, as they fell upon the mountain, revealed Jesus on its summit, kneeling and when the morning dawned He was still there, his locks wet with the dews of the night.
Secret prayer is a test of sincerity. Public worship may be attended from various motives, good or bad. But private devotion, secret prayer—what can induce it but the motives pure and lofty, the desire heaven-inspired and heaven aspiring, the thirst after righteousness, the love of God! Who that loves not God or desires not to love Him, can have any business with Him in private or will seek a private interview? The hypocrite may pray in public, and he may pray in his family. Here others see him. But he will not pray in secret. If he attempt it, he will soon abandon it, for he expects from it neither profit nor pleasure. There is hope for a man as long as he is mindful of his secret devotions. He may have left his love, and the things which remain may be ready to die. But the fact that he still feels after God in secret places, if happily he may find Him, is evidence, first of his own sincerity; secondly, that the Spirit of divine grace is with him, and drawing him to the fountain of life.
The closet removes all the external restraints to devotion. The sentiments of the public service are suited to the general sympathy; and this measure of emotion is not transcended, except in cases of overwhelming power and overflowing feeling, when the impetuous tide breaks through all restraints. But there are no restraints whatever in the closet. There, no feeling need be suppressed. The tear may flow. The passion of penitence may be indulged. The agony of prayer may be exercised. There are none to be annoyed, none to pass the harsh judgment, none to ascribe your feeling to weakness or hypocrisy. In that lone place there is no ear but God’s to hear. And are there not confessions to be made which no ear but his should hear? In that lone place there is no eye but God’s to see. And who but God can understand and sympathize with your secret sorrows? He is thy father—thy father in heaven. “Cast all your care upon him, for he careth for you.” And this is the promise of Jesus: “Him that cometh unto me I will in no wise cast out.” A father loves his sick and sorrowful child most. So Jesus has an especial love and sympathy for him that has no helper. “As one whom his mother comforteth, so will I comfort you, and ye shall be comforted.”
The closet is favorable to devotion. It not only removes hindrances, but it furnishes helps. It shuts out things visible. We leave the dusty and crowded thoroughfare of the world, and turn aside to rest a little in the sweet shade of the tree of life—to drink of the spring that gushes from the rock to commune with God and think of heaven. The world is not there, pride is not there, passion is not there. Eternity is there, God is there, Jesus is there, the Holy Spirit is there, angels are there. We feel as Jacob felt as he lay down to sleep on the rocky knoll, and awoke in the midst of hovering angels. “And he said, surely the Lord is in this place, and I knew it not. This is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.”
Secret prayer prepares for all public services. The Christian comes forth from his closet refreshed with grace, filled with the Spirit, his graces shining, like the face of Moses when he came down from the mount of communion; active to labor, patient to suffer, ready to serve his generation, and prepared to finish his course with joy.
“The Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly.” His blessing shall rest manifestly upon you. It will appear in your experience, and in the daily walks of life. It will be manifest to yourself, and visible to others. The Spirit of Jesus shall be with you and in you. It will appear in your voice, in your very looks, and in all your conversation. God will give you the necks of your enemies—the world, the flesh, and the devil. You shall run and not weary, walk and not faint, and mount up with wings like an eagle.—Selected.
— June, 1883 —
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RECTIFIER POWER SUPPLIES FOR SHORT ARC XENON LAMPS
A complete range of high voltage igniters expressly designed to strike short arc xenon lamps from 150W to 15000W.
This single-phase portable rectifier has been designed to ensure correct operation and long life to short arc Xenon lamps of 1000W. It is characterized by galvanic insulation, a soft inrush current, a low residual ripple value and a stable output current. The tap transformer allows to regulate the output current by changing the output current selector position, and a special circuit avoids the lamp turning off during the tap switching. A boost circuit provides the necessary no-load voltage in order to guarantee the right lamp condition for the ignition, and the output filter guarantees a low output current ripple value. Its robustness makes it particularly suitable for a wide variety of applications.
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https://www.irem.it/fr/illuminazione-professionale/xenon-lamps/px-50n-series/
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Baku 1st European Games
The first European Games Ceremonies were of the size and scale to equal any summer Olympics. An opening ceremony that included the world’s biggest revolve, 15 stage lifts, multiple performer flying sequences, a 450 meter square lake that was filled and drained with 18000 liters of water during ‘Origins’ and over 1km of gas pipe in the stage to create Burning Man.
The opening ceremony also included a parade of 50 European Countries and a special performance by Lady Gaga. Based in Azerbaijan for 6 months, we called both the Opening & Closing Ceremonies which were seen by over 600 million people worldwide.
Produced & created by Five Currents
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https://www.cue2cue.uk/featured/baku-1st-european-games
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|
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| 0.971171
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| 2.03125
| 2
|
- Course Number:
- LAT 223
- Course Title:
- Site Surveying and Analysis
- Credit Hours:
- Lecture Hours:
- Lecture/Lab Hours:
- Lab Hours:
- Special Fee:
Course DescriptionIntroduces basic surveying techniques to landscape sites. Includes topographic maps and land divisions. Covers measuring, recording, and interpreting site information needed in the design and construction of landscapes. Prerequisites: LAT 236 or department permission. Audit available.
Addendum to Course Description
Students will learn through outdoor labs the use of level/transits and laser levels to a degree suitable for landscape measurements. Drafting experience or coursework is helpful, but not required.
Intended Outcomes for the course
Upon completion of the course students should be able to:
- Understand the concepts of accuracy and precision and how to apply them to a given projects requirements.
- Accurately use surveying equipment to obtain horizontal and vertical measurements to understand the slope of a site and draft a topographical map.
- Use computation to measure, record and interpret site information to draft a site plan for use in design and/or construction of the landscape.
- Read and interpret grading plans, using concepts of cut and fill to set grade stakes in the field.
Outcome Assessment Strategies
- Written mid-term and final exams.
- Performance competencies
- Landscape Site Plan
Course Content (Themes, Concepts, Issues and Skills)
- Land Division Systems
- Topographic Maps
- Measurement Units
- Surveying Geometry
- Surveying Trigonometry
- Surveying Equipment
- Measuring Horizontal Distances
- Measuring Vertical Difference
- Calculate Slope and Set Grade Stakes
- Measuring Horizontal Angles and Property Lines
- Types of Surveys
- Landscape Grading Plans; Cut and Fill
- Landscape Site Plans and Site Analyses
|
<urn:uuid:b2b71f7d-1221-43c2-8edd-70e95a9f9c6d>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.pcc.edu/ccog/default.cfm?fa=ccog&subject=LAT&course=223
|
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|
en
| 0.819951
| 400
| 2.515625
| 3
|
Chandigarh, Apr 22 (UNI) The arrival of the wheat in the mandis of Haryana has picked up and so far 27.44 lakh metric tonnes of the foodgrain had been purchased by the government procuring agencies at the MSP of Rs 1000 per quintal.
A record 3.69 lakh metric tonnes wheat arrived in the mandis in the state yesterday, Deputy Chief Minister Chander Mohan said here today.
He said that the total arrival of wheat in the mandis was 27.54 lakh metric tonnes which was 7.16 lakh metric tonnes more than the arrival during the corresponding period of last year.
The six government procuring agencies had purchased 99.5 per cent of the total wheat that had arrived in the mandis.
He said that the traders had purchased 10,000 metric tonnes wheat which was merely half per cent of the total arrival while last year during the total procurement season the traders had purchased 3.87 lakh metric tonnes of wheat which was about 10 per cent of the total arrival.
The Deputy Chief Minister said that Karnal district was leading in wheat arrivals with 4.83 lakh MTs followed by Kaithal 4.21 lakh MTs, Jind 3.08 lakh MTs, Fatehabad 2.82 lakh MTs, Kurukshetra 2.32 lakh MTs, Sirsa 2.23 lakh MTs, Faridabad 1.79 lakh MTs, Panipat 1.29 lakh MTs, Sonipat 1.08 lakh MTs, Gurgaon 26968 MTs and Mewat 19135 MTs.
Haryana is expected to contribute 40 lakh MTs of wheat to the Central Pool.
UNI HS VN1822
|
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http://www.oneindia.com/2008/04/22/haryana-on-target-in-wheat-procurement-1208876851.html
|
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|
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| 0.955255
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| 1.625
| 2
|
Spay & Neuter
The SPCA of Franklin County has two programs to reduce the number of animals brought into our local shelters.
1. The SNIP program is for pet owners who can not afford to pay full price for spay/neuter services. With our vouchers, owners pay just $35 for cats and $50 for dogs.
2. Trap-Neuter-Return/Release or TNR is for feral cats. Feral cats, sometimes called community cats, are domesticated felines that have returned to a wild state. The main difference between pet cats and feral cats, is feral cats cannot be easily handled and are usually afraid/skittish of human contact. They are often fed by caring citizens in the community and in return the cats provide insect, rodent, and snake control. Cats can produce litters of 6-8 kittens as often as 3 times per year, which is why it is important to make sure the feral cats you are feeding are not contributing to the cat overpopulation in Franklin County. The cost to spay/neuter a feral cat is $20 and humane traps are available at our office, free of charge. All feral cats MUST be transported in traps (no carriers) to their surgical appointments.
Every year there are more then 77,500 cats put down in North Carolina. Most of them are community cats who could not be adopted because they are considered unadoptable. By helping these cats we can reduce the number being killed each year. Not only does that mean a better life for the cats but it means less money spent by taxpayers.
Caring for community cats is simple and straight forward – food, water, shelter and most important having them spayed/neutered & vaccinated. You can get started on getting the cats you care for spay/neutered and vaccinated by filling in our SNIP Fund for Community Cats form.View More
The Pet Pantry provides pet food and pet supplies to families in need. This program helps to keep pets in the home with their families and out of the shelter. Our Pet Pantry also helps ensure those pets have basic veterinary care such as spay/neuter services and vaccinations.
Groups interested in helping collect supplies for the Pet Pantry can contact us. We have all the information you need to have a successful donation drive. You can reach us at firstname.lastname@example.org or 919-556-0954.
Pet owners in need may apply for help by Visiting our Pet Pantry Client pageView More
Our low cost vaccination clinics are open to everyone.
We offer rabies vaccinations for cats and dogs (one year basic and three year with proof of prior unexpired vaccination certificate), basic dog distemper/parvo, and basic cat distemper vaccinations.
We also have microchips available at our clinics for an additional fee.
Vaccination clinics are offerred as our Veterinarian volunteers are available.
All dogs must be on leashes and cats must be in secure pet carriers.
|
<urn:uuid:6a8e39f2-d1e6-4535-89a1-abf3e8fe8c16>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://spcafc.org/services/
|
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|
en
| 0.950247
| 627
| 2.1875
| 2
|
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