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How To Cut An Svg On Cricut. Check our library often to find new svg files including a puzzle template which is coming soon. Cricut design space is free software which comes with your cricut machine.
Resize your svg file so we can comfortably work with it in cds. Saving to svg format with an image editor. How to upload an svg to cricut step 1.
How To Upload A Print Then Cut File To Cricut Design Studio.
Select a qood quality image; Upload the svg file to cricut design space; First, you will need to ensure you have cricut design space.
Just Name It And Click Ok.
You’ll see each color on a separate layer in the layers panel on the right. Then upload your jpg or. Now we get to slice!
Each Photo Will Require A Different Setting So You Will Have To Play With The Flowing Steps To Get The Image To Your Preferences.
Free tools we will use to convert a picture to svg for cricut. I specialize in high quality, layered svg files for both vinyl and paper crafts. Import into cricut design space and cut!
Then Click Slice As Shown At Number 2 In The Image Below.
Here you will find free svg files for cricut and silhouette cutting machines. Upload your svg file to cricut design space. Here are instructions on how to upload an svg to silhouette if you are not a cricut user.
Coreldraw And Others Make It Possible To Save Your Images In Svg Form, No Matter Where Each Component Came From.
Open the file in cricut design space; You can create svg files and convert files to svg using the right image editing tool. Then select the image from the recently uploaded images, and select the green “insert images” button in the bottom right corner.
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Still, these are expensive investments!
Not as expensive as the cost of NOT using them. Minimize these costs by utilizing Cloud based services.
Oracle Transportation Management is a great example of cloud based TMS. Combined with other cloud based offerings selectively chosen from Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services, and Google Cloud, your cost and risk could dramatically reduce.
Monica Rathbun, a Microsoft MVP with Denny Cherry & Associates describes the advantages of cloud technology in an article in the American Shipper: “The beauty of an IaaS and SaaS solution is twofold. First, the budget is far more digestible as a monthly fee rather than a hefty capital expenditure. Second, your IT environment remains the latest and greatest long term because you no longer pay to upgrade aging hardware and software.”
You could modernize your B2B EDI technology
If you use EDI technology, you have an opportunity to tap into greater efficiency and savings just by modernizing the setup. You could mix APIs with EDI, upgrade to modern EDI standards, or get a partner to implement best practices. You can explore this aspect in detail in this blog post that I posted some time back.
Are you making the most of Business Intelligence?
Business Intelligence (BI), in some ways, is the tip of the iceberg that Big Data analytics represents. It would be a great idea to leverage BI to improve your operations, if you aren’t already doing so, and simultaneously explore the transformative power of data. By improving your EDI technology (see above) you open the gates to better data. You could use BI to interpret that data to your benefit. Read more about this aspect of technology in this post that I had written sometime back.
Explore blockchain for smart bills of lading
Traditionally, shippers use paper bills to represent the cargo they forward to truckers and freight forwarders. Sent via express parcel delivery services such as UPS, DHL, or FedX, this process consumes time and money. Moreover, a bill of lading in this form can be stolen or get lost.
A segment of the market has opted for electronically transferred bills of lading. While efficient, it does entail bringing in another third party that would, by default, be privy to the information in the bills. That’s why, forward thinking companies are now exploring the blockchain technology, which renders bills of lading impervious to edits. In an article in the American Shipper, Stefan Kukman, CEO of CargoX states, “Blockchain has made possible, for the first time in history, to connect all the parties in the logistics industry in an open, trusted ecosystem with transparently defined rules of operation. Application of this technology to the bill of lading has resulted in the creation of a so-called “smart” bill of lading.”
So, technological innovation and adoption is the way forward?
Certainly! You see, technology enables you to make better decisions – whether it is the mode of transportation, or developing your supply chain based on real time rates, or consolidating your shipments to get you the best bargain. Technology is revolutionizing the way people live, work, and conduct business. For instance, currently AI is being used to study trends and predict future scenarios. However, the time isn’t far when AI will make decisions based on those insights. Christy Pettey shares in a blog on Gartner: “The ability to apply AI to enhance, and even automate, decision making, reinvent business models and ecosystems, and remake the customer experience could make many other emerging technology trends redundant.”
In other words, we are living in a rapidly evolving and connected world, where we can either ride the wave of technological change or be swept off by it. What’s your call? Do you now think you can start exploring technological innovations to be better prepared for the future? Join the conversation by commenting below!
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Because I sure don't! I found this last year in a corn field near my house. This area was settled sometime around the 1830s. My dad found a 1834 dime AU50 with his metal detector about 1 mile away from this site. As you can see, someone has tried to drill it a couple times, and it has been man-handled by a plow a couple times as well. Diameter is exactly that of a modern us quarter. On the front, there is a basket, with some kind of grass in it. On the back is wording, the words go around the rim, there is a circle, with words written in lines horizontally. The letters appear to be regular roman alphabet.
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A Portland teen’s d’var Torah on marriage freedom has gone viral, getting more than 100,000 hits in its first two weeks online.
Duncan McAlpine Sennett, who became a bar mitzvah at Congregation Beth Israel on Nov. 9, delivered his d’var Torah about parashat Vayetzei, which details Jacob’s marriage to Leah and Rachel. Duncan notes that gay marriage opponents frequently say their opposition is based on the biblical definition of marriage as the union between one man and one woman. Yet in Duncan’s Torah portion, Jacob marries two women.
In his d’var Torah, Duncan supports the freedom for everyone to marry the person they love. After Oregon United for Marriage approached Duncan about sharing his d’var with mainstream social media, Beth Israel posted the video Nov. 26 on YouTube (visit www.youtube.com and search for “Duncan bar mitzvah”). In just two weeks, the video had more than 100,000 hits and the story had appeared on state, national and Israeli media sites. It also landed Duncan an invitation to speak at the Union for Reform Judaism Biennial held in California in mid-December.
Duncan is amazed and absolutely thrilled at the reception his d’var received. He’s excited to be working with the Oregon United for Marriage Campaign and hopes his speech helps to promote marriage equality in Oregon. “I really like activist work,” he says. “Maybe that’s what I want to do when I grow up!”
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30 March 2009
Along the east coast of Uruguay and southern Brazil there are quite a few ships heading to and from Rio de la Plata. It is really nice having the AIS (Automated Identification System) when traffic is near, as you get a display of the ship's position, course, speed and name. Knowing the name of the ship makes it much easier to call them on the VHF to confirm which side they are passing or overtaking on if they look to be coming close. I called a Brazilian freighter the other night to confirm how what side they would overtake us on (and to confirm that they had seen Issuma on their radar). The freighter's crew had already computed our course and speed (their radar likely does most of this for them), and, while overtaking closer than I'd have preferred at 20 knots (a few hundred metres), there was no danger.
Clicking on the map on the right side of this page should show the most recently updated position.
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Poetry of Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin
Transcript of Poetry of Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin
1. Her family was bilingual
2. She grew up in a very republican household.
3. Her mother and sister both played classical instruments
4. Her father was active in th e Irish Civil War.
5. She spent much of her young life on the UCC campus as her mother ran the nursery.
6. Her three favorite aunts were nuns.
Influences & her work
Eilean's mother heavily influenced her work, due to her mother being a children's writer this may have influenced the abundance of folklore in her writings. Religious themes are also seen quite a lot, probably because of her admiration of her religious aunts.
Most popular works
She received a Master of Arts degree in 1964 and a bachelor of literature in Oxford.
She is the co-founder of a literary magazine known as "Cyphers" in 1975.
She has won many poetry prizes for her works including the Lawrence O' Shannessy prize for poetry and the griffin prize for her poem titled "The Sun Fish". That same poem gained her a nomination for the T.S Elliot award as well.
She is a talented translator and is able to translate Irish, Italian, French and Romanian. She has also published several books about translation.
Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin
Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin was Born in Cork in 1942. Her mother was an author of children's books and her father was a professor of Irish literature in University College Cork.
Because of the literature heavy environment she grew up in she gained a passion for the literary world, especially poetry
Birth and early life of Eiléan
"The Sun Fish"
Eilean's Award winning poem
"When the farmers burned the furze away
where the had heedlessly lived till then.
The hermits all made for the sea shore.
chose each a far safe hole beneath rocks,
now more than ever before.
On sundays I watch the hermits coming out of their holes.
Into the light their cliff as full as a hive.
They crowd together on warm shoulders of rock.
Where the sun has been shining their joints crackle.
I have been at the crossroads now.
all the time without leaving.
since the afternoon of shrove Teusday.
The long bridge
Streched between two counties
so they could never agree.
How it should be kept standing at all.
The sun fish part 2
Through a cloudy floor at the place they left behind,
The deep strait that the ferries face at sunset,
And the shadowy patches, where deeper into the night
A few wrecked boats fearfully make their way.
Like rubbed plans their faces look up out of the stone.
Behind their heads are the maps they will make before dawn
Of the way back to their new lodgings,
And where the landlord keeps the spare key, and the butter.
Questing she roamed
After the windows she loved, and again they showed
The back rooms of bakeries, the clean engine-rooms and all
The floodlit open yards where a van idled by a wall, A wall as long as life, as long as work.
Shuttered doors in the wall are too many to scan—
As many as the horses in the royal stable, as the lighted
Candles in the grand procession? Who can explain?
Why the wasps are asleep in the dark in their numbered holes
And the lights shine all night in the hospital corridors?
Poem meaning & Conclusion
Eilean Ni Chuilleanain
is known for her use of beguiling
imagery, for example: "On sundays I watch the hermits coming out of their holes.
Into the light their cliff as full as a hive".
Her poetry describes her veiwing many intruiguing sights, most laden with mystery. Her poetry leaves much to the reader to speculate, as opposed to being a "happy" or "sad" poem.
I believe this is why she is so popular among both the female and Irish writing and poetry communities.
The Bend in the Road is a poem about memory and nostalgia for the past. It recounts a tale of a child getting sick on a journey with the whole family and how the location, that ‘bend in the road’, becomes synonymous with that event.
The poet realizes that our surroundings are filled with the memories of our loved ones even if they have passed away.
The Bend in the Road
A child feels sick on a trip to the lake and the family pull the car over to the side of the road, with the windows rolled down, to let the child recover. The poet remembers a ‘tree like a cat’s tail’ and ‘the shadow of a house’.
Every time the family passed the location since they have remembered how the child got ‘sick one day on the way to the lake’. The child has grown up and is now taller than the poet and her husband and the surroundings at the bend in the road have also changed. The tree has grown and the house has become ‘quite covered’ with ‘green creeper’.
Stanza by Stanza:
The poet reflects on all that has happened in the past 12 years and on the people they have lost: ‘the faces never long absent from thought’. These people were taken away by disease: ‘we saw them wrapped and sealed by sickness’. They were so weak that even sleep seemed a burden to them: ‘the piled weight of sleep / We knew they could not carry too long’.
To the poet this bend in the road is a place of memory for all these people and all her memories, not just the one in which her child got sick: ‘This is the place of their presence: in the tree, in the air.’
The poet uses similes in many of her images.
She describes the tree as ‘like a cat’s tail’ and the spirits of the dead
being ‘like one cumulus cloud/ In a perfect sky.’
There is a serene and peaceful atmosphere in this poem.
This ‘bend in the road’ is described as ‘silent’ and seems a place
where little happens.
‘A tall tree, like a cat’s tail’. And ‘sealed by sickness’.
‘Piled high, wrapped lightly, like…’
Street is a short poem about love and attraction designed to leave the reader guessing. A man falls ‘in love with the butcher’s daughter’ as he sees her walk down the street and on one occasion he follows her home.
Stanza by Stanza:
A woman, who engages in the work of a butcher, traditionally seen as a masculine activity, makes for an intriguing central character in this poem. The man who watches her seems fascinated with the knife on her belt and the ‘dark shining drops’ of blood, which drip onto the ground from it.
One day he follows her and gets to see her in a different setting, the domestic sphere at home. He sees the spotless stairs ‘brushed and clean’ and her shoes placed neatly on the bottom step. Then he notices the marks her bare feet have made on the stairs as they ascended: ‘the red crescent/ Her bare heels left, fading to faintest at the top.’
For the reader the story ends here and we are left wondering as to what happened next if anything. It seems to be deliberately ambiguous.
The poem consists of a series of dynamic images creating a cinematic effect. The reader follows the action of the girl on her walk being watched and is left to think about these ambiguous images afterwards.
The poet uses contrasting colour to powerful effect with the image of dark red blood beside the pristine white of the butcher’s trousers:
When he saw her passing by in her white trousers
Dangling a knife on a ring at her belt,
He stared at the dark shining drops on the paving-stones.
Niall Woods is Ní Chuilleanáin’s son and Xenya Ostrovskaia was the woman he married in September 2009. Ní Chuilleanáin wrote the poem to commemorate their wedding and give her blessing to their marriage.
In the poem she references many different folk tales both Irish and Russian and also the Book of Ruth from the Bible. These stories all deal with people starting out on adventurous journeys and, to varying degrees, feature ‘happily ever after’ endings. The poet’s message is that one has to take risks and persevere to earn the good things in life, especially love.
to Niall Woods and Xenya Ostrovskaia, married in Dublin on 9 September 2009
Stanza by Stanza
The poem opens with a direct address to the couple about to be wed. She says that when they ‘both see the same star/ Pitching its tent on the point of the steeple’ it will be time for their journey together to begin.
The folk tale references
•The Red Ettin
– a tale about three sons setting out on journeys – each one is given the choice to take a full loaf and their mother’s curse or half a loaf and their mother’s blessing. Only the youngest son makes the latter choice and he succeeds in marrying a beautiful princess.
– the familiar folktale of a cursed princess rescued by a courageous prince.
– a Russian folktale about an emperor whose golden apples are being stolen at night-time. The emperor commands his sons to find out who the thief is and only the youngest son succeeds. He sets out on journey to catch the culprit, the firebird, and eventually succeeds and marries a beautiful princess.
•The King of Ireland’s Son and the Enchanter’s Daughter
– the story of a prince who loses a wager to an enchanter and has to complete the tasks set by him. Eventually he succeeds marries the enchanter’s daughter!
The Book of Ruth:
The final story she references is the Book of Ruth from the Bible. Ruth was a Moabite who travelled far away from home to marry an Israelite. After her husband died Ruth remained loyal to her mother-in-law Naomi saying ‘whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God.’ She eventual married again largely as a result of her loyalty to Naomi and lives happily ever after.
All of these references encourage courage in the face being far away from home. Niall and Xenya’s marriage is seen as the start of a great adventure and she tells them not to be afraid to ‘leave behind the places’ that they know. The stories from their respective cultures will keep them connected to home: ‘All that you leave behind you will find once more.’
Lucina Schynning in the Silence of the Night
The unusual title of this poem comes from the first line of The Birth of Antichrist by William Dunbar a 15th century Scottish poet. His poem uses the setting of a dream to depict a gruesome battle between good and evil. Ní Chuilleanáin may have recalled the line when she saw the moon shining ‘in the silence of the night’; Lucina comes from the Latin for ‘light’ and is very similar to the Latin term for the moon: ‘luna’.
This poem recounts a night spent sleeping in a ruined old chapel without the comforts of modern civilisation. The poet details her ‘up close’ encounter with nature and the memories and thoughts the experience brings up for her.
Stanza by Stanza
The poem starts with an image of a clear starry sky with the poet underneath reading a book by candlelight. She describes herself as being ‘without roast meat or music/ Strong drink or a shield from the air’, a description which conjures up images of a medieval feasting hall.
Despite having to wash in cold bog water and having bats for company she ‘slept safely’, feeling secure and relaxed in this natural environment.
In the third stanza the mood alters:
Behind me the waves of darkness lay, the plague
Of mice, plague of beetles
Crawling out of the spines of books,
The word ‘plague’, which is repeated three times, hints at times of mass death and destruction. The ‘waves of darkness’ ‘behind’ her seem to refer to terrible events from the past. She mentions Cromwell hinting at the violence and devastation his forces brought to Ireland in the 17th century.
Plague shadowing pale faces with clay
The disease of the moon gone astray.
‘Pale faces’ shadowed ‘with clay’ might refer to mass burials of plague victims and ‘the disease of the moon gone astray’ hints at the old term for mental illness, lunacy, which comes from the Latin for moon.
The atmosphere of gloom does not last long in the poem, however, as she asserts: ‘In the desert I relaxed, amazed’. She is in awe of the beauty of nature which, for her, is a very positive and heartening presence.
Sheepdogs embraced me; the grasshopper
Returned with lark and bee.
There a sense of growth and renewal, of nature overcoming the challenges of the past. She spots a hare ‘absorbed, sitting still/ In the middle of the track’, is a line which echoes a troubled period in her life.
She concludes the poem with the uplifting line: ‘I heard/ Again the chirp in the stream running’ implying that life is in continuous motion and constantly renews itself despite humanity’s moments of war and destruction.
“A poem communicates without being understood.” - T.S. Eliot
This poem demonstrates the process of memory very clearly. One thought calls forth a memory and then sparks off another and another. The dramatic photo of a hare being chased by greyhounds in the newspaper reminds the poet of an encounter with a hare on the road near the hospital where her father was dying.
She then thinks of her father as a young man, running from the enemy in the Irish War of Independence and his ‘clever’/crazy idea to chance an ‘open kitchen door’, a risk that saved his life.
On Lacking the Killer Instinct
A ‘Killer instinct’ is ‘a ruthless determination to succeed or win’. Both the hare and the poet’s father exhibit this instinct as they escape their hunters whereas the dogs and soldiers, who let their prey go, do not. The poet too, in fleeing her father’s deathbed, seemed to lack the courage to endure her own fear at such a moment.
Stanza by Stanza:
The poem opens with the image of a hare ‘sitting still’ in the middle of the path on which the poet was walking, a memory from a few years previously. She had ‘fled’ the hospital in which her father was dying obviously struggling with the ordeal of seeing him waste away.
She was reminded of this memory by a striking photograph of hare coursing in the morning newspaper:
Two greyhounds tumbling over, absurdly gross,
While the hare shoots off to the left, her bright eye
Full not only of speed and fear
But surely in the moment a glad power,
She sees fear in the eye of the hare but also the thrill of survival, ‘glad power’ in her ability to outrun the ‘stupid dogs’. This sparks the memory of her nineteen year old father being chased by the Black and Tans during the War of Independence in 1921 and how, like the hare, he gave them the slip:
And he was clever, he saw a house
And risked an open kitchen door
About the incident he commented ‘never/Such gladness’ as ‘he came out/ Into a blissful dawn’ the following morning. Both the hare and her father felt excitement and joy in surviving a near death experience.
The poet thinks that neither should ever ‘have been coursed’ as it should not have been necessary for a boy to fight for his country’s independence at such a young age and hare coursing is now regarded as a barbaric activity. She concludes the poem by admitting she ‘should not have run away’ from her father’s deathbed and remembers that she subsequently ‘went back to the city’ to face up to her own challenges.
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The Bible should be the main course in our literary diet. If we spent as much time in the Word as we do at the dinner table, our spirit and character would be strong and thriving. And no matter what our circumstances happened to be, we would experience an inner joy. The satisfaction that comes from living an obedient life is not possible apart from Scripture.
It is in God’s Word that we find out how He thinks and what He does. In those pages, we also discover the guiding principles for a successful life. After all, how can we trust our heavenly Father unless we know Him? And how can we become like Jesus unless we practice the habits He displays in Scripture?
Proverbs 4:25-27 says, “Let your eyes look directly ahead and let your gaze be fixed straight in front of you … Do not turn to the right nor to the left.” What this means in practical terms is that every time we must make a decision, we’re to sift it through what we know of the Lord from Scripture. When we face a crisis, we dig into the Bible to answer the question, What would the Lord have me do? We do not live by reason, the opinion of others, or our own wisdom. Rather, we conform our mind, heart, and will to the biblical standard.
Bread will keep the stomach full, but life will be empty without a daily meal that includes reading and meditation. Learn to recognize spiritual hunger pains, such as vague discontent or animosity toward the things of God—and quickly begin to feast on the Word.
Bible in One Year: Acts 25-26
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- freely available
Viruses 2013, 5(7), 1646-1654; doi:10.3390/v5071646
Abstract: This study aimed to inspect norovirus contamination of groundwater treatment systems used in food-catering facilities located in South Korea. A nationwide study was performed in 2010. Water samples were collected and, for the analysis of water quality, the temperature, pH, turbidity, and residual chlorine content were assessed. To detect norovirus genotypes GI and GII, RT-PCR and semi-nested PCR were performed with specific NV-GI and NV-GII primer sets, respectively. The PCR products amplified from the detected strains were then subjected to sequence analyses. Of 1,090 samples collected in 2010, seven (0.64%) were found to be norovirus-positive. Specifically, one norovirus strain was identified to have the GI-6 genotype, and six GII strains had the GII, GII-3, GII-4, and GII-17 genotypes. The very low detection rate of norovirus most likely reflects the preventative measures used. However, this virus can spread rapidly from person to person in crowded, enclosed places such as the schools investigated in this study. To promote better public health and sanitary conditions, it is necessary to periodically monitor noroviruses that frequently cause epidemic food poisoning in South Korea.
Noroviruses (NoVs), the most common cause of epidemic food and waterborne viral gastroenteritis , are recognized as the most prevalent cause of severe epidemics of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, which is considered a significant public health burden .
NoVs are a members of the Caliciviridae family and have a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (7.4–8.3 kb) . NoVs can genetically be classified into five different genogroups (GI to GV), which can be further subdivided into genetic clusters or genotypes. GI, GII and GIV infect humans, whereas GIII infects bovine species, and GV infects mice. According to a recent study, GII also infects porcine species, and GIV infects both feline and canine species. Additonally, NoV has recently been isolated in lion [3,4,5].
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 900,000 clinic visits by children each year in industrialized countries occur as a result of NoV outbreaks, and estimates 640,000 hospitalizations due to diarrhea. In developing countries, NoVs have also been estimated to cause more than 200,000 deaths among children under the age of five every year . In South Korea, NoV-related viral gastroenteritis has been a major public health problem since 2005, when the virus was reported for the first time [7,8].
The World Health Organization defined foodborne diseases as an infectious disease caused by ingesting contaminated food or water, in 1999 . In Sweden, numerous recent NoV outbreaks due to contaminated water and food, such as by eating shellfish and raw salad, have caused foodborne and waterborne gastroenteritis .
NoVs are transmitted by the fecal-oral route through person-to-person or through feces contaminated food and water . The occurrence rate of NoVs in groundwater has been reported to be approximately 8%–21% worldwide . In particular, numerous outbreaks of gastroenteritis were caused by NoV contamination in drinking water . Recently, the number of patients with foodborne diseases has increased because of the increase in the incidence of eating out and in food-catering facilities in South Korea . A number of outbreaks and sporadic cases have been caused by waterborne and foodborne NoVs in South Korea. In particular, during 2007–2009, NoV was responsible for 16.5% of the waterborne and foodborne disease outbreaks reported in South Korea . Waterborne outbreaks of NoV-associated acute gastroenteritis have been frequently reported worldwide [7,16,17,18]. Specifically, a number of waterborne NoV outbreaks have been documented to stem from contaminated drinking water [19,20,21,22], recreational water [23,24], and groundwater [7,25].
Furthermore, food-poisoning outbreaks in South Korea frequently involved NoV contamination in treated groundwater that is used for food-catering facilities. The aim of this study was therefore to survey NoVs in the groundwater which was treated by groundwater treatment systems, in food catering facilities located in South Korea.
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Collection and Processing of Water Samples
Groundwater samples which were treated by groundwater treatment systems were collected from 1,090 sites, selected by the Korea Food & Drug Administration, located in 8 provinces (Chungcheongnam-do, Chungcheonbuk-do, Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gangwon-do, and Jeju-do) of South Korea in 2010; the 1,090 samples were obtained from the Waterborne Virus Bank .
Samples of 500 to 2,345 L were collected, depending on water turbidity; the latter ranged from 0.01 to 6.4 nephelometric turbidity units. All samples collected using a filter apparatus with a 1-MDS filter (ZetaPor Virosorp, Cuno, Research Parkway, Meriden, CT, USA) were eluted and further concentrated for subsequent NoV assays. Briefly, the sampled filter was subjected to elution by 1.5% beef extract and 0.05 M glycine (pH 9.5). The cartridge housing was filled and allowed to be in contact with elution buffer for 30 min. Then pressurized nitrogen gas was used to force the eluent out. The eluent was subjected to acid precipitation with 1 M HCl. The precipitate was centrifuged at 2,500 ×g at 4 °C for 15 min. The pellet was completely dissolved using 20 mL 0.15 M sodium phosphate (Na2HPO4•7H2O, pH 9.0–9.5). The suspension was centrifuged at 7,500 ×g at 4 °C for 10 min and the supernatant was carefully collected using a pipette. The processed eluent was adjusted to a neutral pH (7.0–7.5) with 1 M HCl. The sample was filtered through a 0.45-μm pore size syringe filter to remove non-viral organisms and stored at −70 °C until analysis.
2.2. Examination of Water Quality by Analyzing Physical-Chemical Parameters
The water temperature and pH were measured using portable electrode-carrying devices (PH-208; Lutron Electronic, Taipei, Taiwan). Residual chlorine and turbidity were measured with the HI 95701C Photometer and the HI 93703 Portable Microprocessor Turbidity Meter, respectively (HANNA Instruments, Woonsocket, RI, USA).
2.3. NoV Detection
Water samples processed with the 1-MDS filters as described above comprised a final eluate of 20 mL. Viral RNA was extracted from 140 µL of these eluates with the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), according to the manufacturer’s protocol to obtain a final volume of 60 µL.
Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was conducted using the One Step RT-PCR Kit (iNtRON Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea). To detect NoV genotypes, semi-nested RT-PCR amplification was performed with previously described primer sets (NV-GIF1M/NV-GIR1M for NoV GI; and NV‑GIIF1M/NV-GIIR1M for NoV GII; Table 1). We used 5 µL viral RNA as template and 20 µL of the pre-mixed kit solution. Previously reported size-distinguishable products were used as the positive control . PCR reactions were carried out in the S1000 Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, Foster, CA, USA) according to the following protocol: an initial RT step at 45 °C for 30 min, a PCR-activation step at 94 °C for 5 min, followed by 35 cycles each consisting of 94 °C for 30 s, 55 °C for 30 s, and 72 °C for 90 s, and then a final extension step at 72 °C for 7 min. Then, 2 µL of the abovementioned products was used as the templates for nested PCR, along with 48 µL of the Maxim PCR Premix Kit (iNtRON Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea) and specific primer sets (NV-GIF2/NV-GIR1M for NoV GI; and NV‑GIIF3M/NV-GIIR1M for NoV GII; Table 1). Nested PCR conditions were as follows: 94 °C for 5 min, then 25 cycles each consisting of 94 °C for 30 s, 55 °C for 30 s, and 72 °C for 90 s; followed by a final extension step at 72 °C for 10 min. PCR products were electrophoresed on 1.5% agarose gels, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized under UV light. Finally, PCR products were directly sequence analyzed (Cosmogentech, Ltd, Seoul, South Korea) using the forward and reverse primers.
2.4. Statistical Analysis
Correlations between the NoV detection rate and water quality (physical-chemical parameters) were analyzed by the Chi-square test.
2.5. Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis
For genotyping of sequenced products, the sequences were compared to those in the GenBank database using the NCBI BLAST search program. To confirm the genotype of NoV, phylogenetic analysis was performed and the phylogenetic trees were obtained using Clustal W and neighbor-joining methods with DNAStar version 5.07 software .
3.1. Location and Seasonal Pattern of NoVs
In this study, among the 1,090 samples collected in 2010, seven (0.64%) were positive for NoVs. These seven water samples in which NoVs were detected were acquired from the following two provinces: one from a northeastern province and six from southwestern provinces. One case was detected in April, two cases in June, two cases in August, and two cases in October. The water sample collected on June 13, 2010, was only used for cleaning, while the other six positive samples were from water used for food preparation, drinking, and cleaning (Table 2).
3.2. Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis of NoVs
The results of sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the NV-GI primer sets were able to detect the GI genotype (GI-6) in one of the samples collected in 2010. The NV-GII primer sets were capable of detecting GII, GII-3, GII-4 and GII-17 genotypes in 1, 1, 2, and 2 of these samples respectively.
|Genogroup||Region, and size (bp)||Primer/polarity||Sequence (5'-3')d||Position|
|I||Capsid (313)||NV-GIF1M/forward a|
|CTG CCC GAA TTY GTA AAT GAT GAT|
ATG ATG ATG GCG TCT AAG GAC GC
CCA ACC CAR CCA TTR TAC ATY TG
|II||Capsid (310)||NV-GIIF1M/forward a|
|GGG AGG GCG ATC GCA ATC T|
TTG TGA ATG AAG ATG GCG TCG ART
CCR CCI GCA TRI CCR TTR TAC AT
a Primers for first PCR. b Primers for semi-nested PCR. c Primers for first and semi-nested PCR. d Degenerate position Y:C/T, R:A/G, I:Inosine. e Norwalk virus (GenBank accession no. M87661), a GI reference strain. f Lordsdale virus (GenBank accession no. X86557), a GII reference strain.
|Strainsname||Sampling date (day-m-y)||Sampling site/Settings||Use of groundwater||Amount of attainable water (L)||Temp (°C)||Turbidity (NTU)||pH||Residualchlorine (ppm)||Faculty capacity (person)||No. employees||No. foodhandlers||Max. no. people at once||NoV genotype|
|Food preparation, |
|Food preparation, |
|Food preparation, |
|Food preparation, |
|Food preparation, |
|Food preparation, |
A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the GI and GII genogroup reference strains, using the partial capsid region sequences (see Figure 1). Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that strain 2010081812 was identified as being GI-6, while the six strains were identified as GII (strains 2010042241, 2010060371, 2010071392, 2010082761, 2010100772, and 2010101112) were analyzed as being GII, GII-3, GII-4 and GII-7. Sequence analysis revealed that strain 2010081812 shared the greatest identity (85.7%) with AF-093797 and Hesse-DEU1998 strains, which had been isolated in Germany. Strain 2010071392 was found to be related most closely to Toronto-CAN 1993 (93.1%), whereas the 2010042241 and 2010060371 strains were clustered into the GII-4 genotype with 96.5% and 83.8% identity, respectively. In addition, the 2010082761 and 2010100772 strains showed 89.6% sequence identity to the GII-17 genotype.
This study is the first study worldwide to focus on NoV contamination in treated groundwater used in catering facilities. In South Korea, most of the food-catering facilities that use groundwater for preparing food have frequently reported food-poisoning caused by NoV . Because the incidence of food poisoning caused by NoV is increasing, monitoring of NoV contamination of water in the environment is an essential preventative measure.
The number of positive samples was low (7 out of 1,090); thus, there were limitations in statistical analyses for correlating the data obtained in positive and negative samples. In this study, there are at least two possible reasons for the low detection rate of NoVs. First, it may be attributed to the steady management and preventative measures enacted throughout the ongoing investigation, such as periodic cleaning of water tanks. Second, it is likely that the samples tested were not untreated groundwater, but were instead collected from groundwater treatment systems, which perform a process that is quite similar to NoV removal. Most of the treated groundwater in South Korea is kept in a storage tank.
The detection rate of NoV was shown to have a seasonal characteristic; only one sample isolated in winter was NoV-positive, while six out of seven NoV-positive samples were detected in summer. This may be because rainfall causes sewer overflows in summer in South Korea.
During school excursions, NoV was isolated in a waterborne outbreak in Jeju Island, South Korea. The NoVs belonged to the GI-1, GI-3, GI-4 GII-3, GII-4, GII-5, GII-6, GII-8, and GII-14 genotypes . KFDA (Korean Food & Drug Administration) in 2010 reported that the GII-17 Katrina strain was the most prevalent in the three year period 2004–2006. In addition, the report revealed that the major GII genotypes in Han liver and Wang-suk River were GII-4 and GII-17 genotypes. The NoV GII genotypes that were isolated in this study detected in South Korea were as reported in previous studies .
A previous survey reported the NoV detection rate in untreated groundwater in South Korea as 39% (117/300) . Additionally, in Singapore, the NoV detection rate in surface water was demonstrated to be 71.7% (43/60) . However, in this study, the detection rate of NoV in groundwater was 0.64% (7/1,090) in treated water. It has been shown that the NoV concentration obtained in our study was not different from the concentration obtained by other methods. The sequences of the primers used in this and previous studies [30,31] differed, but those used in our study were designated to a common region and not easily replicated. Therefore, it is not likely that the primers affected the detection rate of NoV and the difference in the NoV detection rates between studies simply indicates that the water samples differed.
Food poisoning cases continue to arise ; therefore, preventative measures should be taken against NoV contamination of groundwater. Although this study examined NoV contamination of drinking water, further studies are required to investigate enteric virus contamination of food.
This study was supported by a grant (10052KFDA060) from the Korean Food & Drug Administration in 2010 and an NRF grant from the Basic Science Research Program by MEST (2012-0000328).
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© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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THE ENDLESS RIVER (2014)
Pink Floyd is haunted.
Haunted first by the ghost of Syd Barrett, co-founder and lead architect of the group’s first record, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967), described by Peter Bebergal, author of Season of the Witch: How the Occult Saved Rock and Roll, as “representative of all the different spiritual ideas that people were interested in…Eastern mysticism, cosmic consciousness… romantic idealization of the pagan past.” The wild and brilliant pop-songwriter of tracks featuring gnomes, witches, and black cats named Lucifer Sam, became seemingly lost in a combination of hallucinogens, schizophrenia, and stardom.
Later, the band became haunted by the megalomania of Roger Waters who kicked out a member while captaining the group’s rise to incredible excess. And now, with the final Pink Floyd record, it is the deceased co-founder, Richard Wright, who haunts the band. The history of Pink Floyd is one of constant exorcism. With the release of The Endless River (TER), a tribute to the unsung importance of keyboardist, Wright, the group, consisting of David Gilmour and Nick Mason, continues its long journey for redemption, and settling of old scores –though the group promises this is their last, their epitaph.
It has never been easier to wake the dead. Today the ghosts of 2-Pac and Michael Jackson perform live to an audience using old and new tracks, or CGI magic sometimes compels the dead to rise once more for their role in The Hunger Games. The question of the persistence of one’s image and contractual obligations, posthumously, is something to ponder. But besides the legal ramifications regarding ownership, ghosts tend to confuse both fans and critics, who equate authenticity with newness. Writing for Consequence of Sound, critic Cap Blackard calls the new Pink Floyd record “the world’s most lavishly appointed collection of outtakes.” It is true that TER features unreleased tracks recorded during the Division Bell (1994) sessions, which were then re-edited, and overdubbed to create this final installment. Critics struggle to accept the “oldness” of the sessions being revived as “new” products, as they are tunes recorded by ghosts, both living and dead. But the recording process is always about capturing a moment in time, and then often the manipulation of said audio, with multi-tracking, mixing, and re-mixing. It is always about presence and biased documentary. In the case of Jackson’s recent posthumous releases, the mystery of the author’s original intent is clouded by the final production. But, for Pink Floyd, members of whom still live, the band is known for in-studio experimentation. Time and space have always been source material.
Though ten years in the making, the lengthy, mostly instrumental record opens with a three part side featuring familiar Floydianisms: comforting organ sounds, and potent, lush guitar work reminiscent of the best instrumental moments found in Wish You Were Here (1975), a record where the keyboard work of Wright shines, in particular. It is admirable of Gilmour and drummer Mason, that TER calmly, meanders throughout its various parts, acting as vignettes to some larger story, one told without the element of lyrics and conceptualism, so largely important to the most successful tracks of the band’s repertoire (“Another Brick in the Wall,” “Time,” “Wish You Were Here”). Instead, the album, which starts off cautiously, begins to crescendo on side two, as “Sum” picks up the pace with a more frenetic synth, and wailing guitar, leading to the tribal, percussion heavy “Skins.” From that point on, we have the entire range of TER, which, in the end represents the band’s most ambient work –one that consciously revels in the spiritual –while remaining, a masterful work of “jams,” short and to the point.
The album cover, arguably Floyd’s weakest, in its overly spiritual, cliché imagery, features a figure rowing away from the viewer; on a sea of clouds he travels towards the sun. It is unclear whether it is rising or setting. There is something awkward about the image in its directness. The weakness of the album cover is especially strange coming from Pink Floyd, a band who helped define the artistic potential of album art, in collaboration with the recently deceased designer Storm Thorgerson. However, the easy, religiosity of the scene is saved in some ways exactly because of its blatant, kitschy storytelling. Never before has the band entered so deeply into the aesthetic realm of new age. One could almost picture a mustachioed Yanni, Christ-like and jovial, as the rower. Perhaps the miracle of TER is not the conjuring of Wright’s spirit, but rather, this return to a neo mystical, or spiritual foundation first expressed by Barrett so many years prior –a return to the poeticism, and space for contemplation that the later work of Waters, in his militant verboseness was incapable of giving his listeners (The Wall, Final Cut). Instead, on TER we have the brief, minimalistic open-space of “The Lost Art of Conversation,” and “On Noodle Street,” featuring drum and bass, calmly grooving along, while a restrained guitar, very quietly jams behind. Throughout the record, there is this back and forth, this seeking, and this great search is something Pink Floyd is no stranger to.
“Would you like to say something before you leave? / Perhaps you’d care to state exactly how you feel. / We say goodbye before we’ve said hello,” sings Richard Wright in “Summer ’68,” a deep cut, single from the largely forgotten Atom Heart Mother (1970). A magnificent carnavalesque pop song, reminiscent of the harmonies, and structural chaos of Brian Wilson’s Smile (1966), “Summer ‘68” remains one of the few songs penned chiefly by Wright, and one which showcases the musician’s versatility. Panned by most critics, and the members of Pink Floyd themselves, Atom Heart Mother, filled with grandiosity and defined largely by the first side’s “Atom Heart Mother Suite,” still found the group leaderless, wandering, and experimenting years after their chief songwriter and vocalist, Syd Barrett was effectively forced out of the band by apparent mental following the release and success of their debut.
From the moment of Barrett’s departure, Pink Floyd was more like The Pink Floyd Sound –leaderless, Wright, Waters, Gilmour (brought in to replace Barrett) and to a lesser extent, Mason, shared songwriting and vocal duties. The headless Pink Floyd sound resulted in arguably the best period of the group’s output: Atom Heart Mother, Meddle (1971), and Obscured by Clouds (1972). They labored on, producing wildly inventive soundscapes (“Echoes”) and playful pop songs (“Free Four,” featuring an incredibly restrained Waters). Listening to the discography, one gets the impression that the band members were running hard, and fast; running away from their mystic past, severing ties with psychedelic pop, and instead searching, and conjuring mostly large, drawn out gaudy constructions –inspirations to later prog-rockers, while mastering the concept album. They ran until they broke at The Wall (1979). Their innovation lay chiefly in realizing the potential of storytelling, or championing the album-as-art, rather, than a collection of one-shot singles.
Yet, Barrett was far from gone, as he made triumphant, haunting returns in chiefly the lyrics of The Dark Side of the Moon (“And if the band you’re in starts playing different tunes,”) and the magna-opus “Shine On You Crazy Diamond.” From then on, Waters effectively took the helm, turning his eye towards the gritty realism of Animals (1977), and the lengthy, lyrical excurses found in The Wall. It seems at that point, Barrett, who died in 2006, was already gone in 1979.
It is the previous, transitional and leaderless unit that haunts the Gilmour-led Floyd. Gilmour continues to exorcise his guilt for taking Barrett’s place; while going to great pains to portray himself as the lassaiz-faire member compared to Waters’ fascism and finally, making it his duty to give Wright his due. While TER largely explores instrumentalism again, it happens to be the only track featuring vocals (lyrics by Polly Samson), “Louder Than Words,” introduced at the climax that TER is at its weakest, and which ultimately fails the album at a time when the sudden vocal could add that final stamp of finality and dynamism the band seeks. Instead, Gilmour sings the worst lyrics of the band’s repertoire, “We bitch and we fight/ Diss each other on sight/ But this thing we do/ these times together / Rain or shine or stormy weather / this thing we do,” he goes on later in the chorus, “It’s louder than words.” The lyrics themselves are, like the album art, cliché and overly simplistic, while also being completely contradictory (where’s Waters in this tribute?) and once more self-serving to Gilmour’s status as the democratically minded Floydian.
At times The Endless River is powerfully nostalgic and romantic, while in other moments, it is weak in its self-reflexivity. In the end, it does not reach the level of critical expertise that David Bowie exhibits in The Next Day (2013), but it is “Autumn ‘68” (a seasonal continuation of “Summer ‘68”) that best conjures Wright, with its elegiac organ –both dark, brooding, spiritual and foreboding –a simple send off to a solid band mate that best represents the historical ghosts of Pink Floyd.
Norberto Gomez Jr. is a multi-media artist, curator and independent scholar based in Baltimore, Maryland. His research interests include popular and digital culture, and the intersection between technology and mysticism. He holds a PhD in Media, Art & Text from Virginia Commonwealth University (2013), and an MFA in painting and drawing from University of Houston (2009). www.norbertogomezjr.com & firstname.lastname@example.org & you can follow him @theIKZ.
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Mini dab rigs can’t burn or smoke like plant material. Instead, use a blower, other melting and heating elements to heat a small amount of oil or wax. There are many ways to feed condensate, but condensate is one of the most common, because it is more manageable and manageable.
The problem is that the concentration is more sensitive than plant matter. It is more powerful to say, but this additional power is wasted if the evaporation temperature is not properly controlled.
For best results from concentration, you need to find the ideal temperature for evaporation. Here’s a breakdown of the best hot spots for duplication so you can find the ones you like best.
4 levels of double temperature
1) 0-300 ° F: Very cool
Collections below 300 ° F do not fully evaporate. At low temperatures, the light repellent begins to melt and flow into the device like syrup. The glass is broken and compacted into a puddle that blows air into your quartz.
If you want the appliance to cool down before attaching the duplicate, preheat the appliance to keep it cool. Repeating at low temperatures will melt the wax.
2) 350-550 ° F: low secondary definition
At 350 ° F you get constant vibration and good steam. This is a cool place where you get a taste and influence. Use cold paint for smooth cuts.
Many users prefer a low temperature because it does not irritate the throat and tubes. Adding a low temperature makes compact recording easier. However, you need to be careful to pay at the same time.
3) 600-850 ° F: High average temperature
At 600 ° F, you start to get into a hot zone where your touch becomes stronger and weaker. The higher the temperature, the less the loss of flavor, but the less likely the oil will fall into these heat ranges.
The higher the temperature the more steam and clouds. It’s easy to do, so I’ll start with a little bit of speed. After using the cash register, it is better to reject high heat, as the rejection is absorbed from the water in micro seconds.
4) 900 + ° F: Very hot
This is why most pens and electric pens move above 850 ° F.
At 900–1000 ° F, the detonator temperature is very high and the concentration is high when the active ingredient is burned. This “very high” temperature produces a lot of steam, but with a lack of quality and a small amount of food there is a lot of waste.
Waste is not the only problem. When it is too hot, the steam from the air to the water is absorbed and reaches the mouth. There is a residue sticking to the mouth, sneezing and coughing.
At a good temperature, steam will evaporate through the appliance (which is why it is contaminated), but it must be cooled before the rest of the steam reaches the mouth.
Matt Premium fully welded quartz holes
What is the optimal temperature range for duplication?
The optimum temperature for the batter starts at 350 ° F. The optimum temperature eases the vibrations and retains the perfect flavor. If it is too hot, the great flavor is lost. However, if you use a higher density anchor, you should heat it to 600 ° F which is the optimum temperature for starters.
At 600 ° F the symptoms are higher and the taste is less. It’s hotter and healthier than just smoking flowers. If you use wax or files, you can do it at 800 ° F without wasting attention. Even when you warm up, your terp will be reduced and it won’t burn.
Monitor body temperature
The stainless steel has good heat resistance and cools faster than other converters, depending on size and shape.
There is little testing to get the right temperature, depending on the oil you mentioned. The best way to find the right temperature is to use the counting method. This is a method for estimating the temperature based on the time it takes to suck the mist. You can use a watch, a phone, or a door.
The meaning of the descending count method is as follows.
The lamp burns with a light bulb and the fire starts.
The count starts when you remove the flame from the appliance. For most musicians, 40 seconds is the right number.
Note the consistency of the double-concentration.
A light bulb with a light bulb has three main features
It takes a little longer than jumping the door to explain your refusal. Here are some great tips to keep in mind for really clean and really tasty eyelashes:
Battery number 1. Warm up everything, not just down
Do not ignore the heat at the bottom of the pot. The heat is transferred to the cold side of the glass, extending the heating time and the temperature difference between different surfaces of the hob.
Heat the sides and bottom of the pan. If you see a flame in the flame of the glass, the heat does the same-use the tip of the flame to heat the blower so that all the heat is trapped.
Battery number 2. Use a full flashlight
Fill the ramp as often as possible. When the flame is weak or lit, the button is low on fuel. The less fuel the light bulb burns, the less intense the flame and the longer it takes to heat the trunk. Also, if you like warming up with sweating, you may not warm your buttocks to the right temperature, resulting in increased cold labials.
Battery number 3. Use the correct butane torch
It is not possible to heat a truck using only butane lamps. The fire is not so strong. Forget about Zippos and other naphtha brands as they don’t get too hot.
Butane lamps burn more than transfer lamps because they keep the fuel under pressure. You can find cheap kitchen lamps, but you can also do this with kitchen lamps. As with all devices or accessories, mileage may vary depending on the brand you choose.
Nail care E.
G Penis Honor x MJ Arsenal e Pound
It is better to refrain from nailing than to use a flashlight. When you’re ready to paint, put the plaster in a pound and connect from bottom to top.
This heating method is easier and more efficient. Using a flashlight can cause a fire accident. All you need for this operation is a truck and a ready-made courier.
MJ Arsenal provides perfect quality electronic nails for 10mm and 14mm glass. This allows you to turn a traditional water pipe into a powerful tapping hole. G Pen Connect is a battery-powered device that heats your tablet to one of three different temperatures in just 5 seconds.
Cold start tamponed
Cold covers are a method of putting a load on the floor and warming it over low heat. This method is great if you want to visit your room with a small stroke.
This method is best suited for low temperature absorption structures. It is easy to waste a lot of time as the windy texture adheres and begins to peel off before the fog is visible.
Cold start with cotton wool and terry pearl
A specially designed cold start fan can be used to control heat dissipation and facilitate cold start. Mini dab rigs new premium quartz blades include a set of cold start mounts optimized for low quality.
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(Reuters Health) – - Children with psoriasis more often have thick waists than kids without the skin condition, suggesting they may face higher risk later on for heart disease and diabetes, according to a recent study.
Researchers in Australia found that kids with psoriasis aged 5 to 16 years had higher waist-to-height ratios but did not differ from peers in rates of obesity or metabolic syndrome – a cluster of risk factors for diabetes, heart disease and stroke.
As many as 7.5 million Americans, including children, may have the autoimmune skin disease psoriasis, which can be difficult to treat, according to the National Psoriasis Foundation.
Lead author Andrew Lee of the department of dermatology at Royal North Shore Hospital in St. Leonards, New South Wales, and coauthors studied 208 children recruited from a pediatric dermatology clinic and two private consultant rooms of specialist dermatologists.
Of the 110 girls and 98 boys, 135 had psoriasis and the remaining 73 had other noninflammatory skin conditions.
The researchers considered a waist circumference that was equal to or more than half a child’s height to be high. And based on waist and height measurements of the participants, 29 percent of kids with psoriasis had a high waist-to-height ratio compared to 11 percent of those without psoriasis, according to the results in JAMA Dermatology.
Lee did not respond to a request for comment, but the authors point out that adults with psoriasis are already known to have increased risk of heart disease, and of metabolic syndrome, whose symptoms include excess fat around the waist.
Other metabolic syndrome symptoms include low levels of HDL, the “good” cholesterol; high levels of triglycerides, a “bad” blood fat; and elevated blood sugar levels.
“We know that being overweight or obese is a risk factor for developing psoriasis,” said Dr. Megha M. Tollefson of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, who was not part of the new study. “Being overweight or obese is also a risk factor for many other conditions, including metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.”
It’s hard to say exactly how “dangerous” an elevated waist-to-height ratio is, Tollefson told Reuters Health by email.
“But, studies have shown children with increased WtHR even if not obese to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease, thus these children likely need closer follow-up and possibly monitoring,” she said.
“In children, it seems that the obesity likely comes before the psoriasis, but it also may be that people with psoriasis who do not have obesity are also at some risk for health issues that we typically think to be related to obesity,” she said.
Parents of children with psoriasis should pay extra attention to maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including promoting exercise and a healthy well-balanced diet, she said.
“There are no formal recommendations at this time to screen children with psoriasis any different than children without psoriasis, but it is appropriate to consider closer monitoring and also to more proactively discuss healthy lifestyle with the child and his or her parents,” she said.
SOURCE: bit.ly/2dKHIDj JAMA Dermatology, online September 28, 2016.
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NIAGARA POWER PROJECT – POWER VISTA
Open year round.
The Power Vista, as it is known, is located 41⁄2 miles downstream from the Falls, set amidst the spectacular scenery of the Niagara River Gorge. It features more than 50 interactive exhibits that invite visitors of all ages to have a completely hands-on experience as they learn about hydroelectricity and the historic role it has played in the Niagara Frontier.
THE CASTELLANI ART MUSEUM - NIAGARA UNIVERSITY
Explore their website for current exhibitions and special events like First Fridays. The Castellani Art Museum's exhibition philosophy centers on four priorities:
1 Exhibiting and interpreting important contemporary art; 2. Encouraging cross-cultural communication and collaboration through our traditional folk arts program; 3. Serving our diverse Western New York constituencies; and 4. Increasing the educational value, outreach, and participation for all exhibitions.
FREEDOM CROSSING AT CASTELLANI ART MUSEUM
Freedom Crossing depicts the people, places, and events of the Underground Railroad Movement in the Buffalo Niagara region through historic photographs, artifacts, and real life stories.
Artpark & Company produces and presents excellence in the performing and visual arts, and creates unique cultural experiences in a casual, natural setting. Artistic talent is nurtured and allowed to flourish in an atmosphere that is entertaining, educational and interactive for Artpark visitors.
FASHION OUTLETS MALL
Brand name stores such as Burberry, Anne Klein, Calvin Klein, Coach, The Gap Outlet, Jones of New York, Off Saks 5th Avenue Outlet, Old Navy Outlet, Polo Ralph Lauren and Tommy Hilfiger can be reached by bus and are within 5 miles of the downtown area.
Not just a quaint village with shops and restaurants and a lovely park overlooking the river, Lewiston is loaded with history. 12,000 years ago, the falls were located at Lewiston and over the millennia have erode back to their present position leaving the Niagara Gorge. More recently, Lewiston is where French explorers traded with American Indians and opened the Great Lakes to trade, the U.S. launched it’s invasion of Canada starting the war of 1812, and where people broke the law to help fugitive slaves cross into Canada as part of the underground railroad.
WHIRLPOOL JET BOAT TOURS
Take a scenic tour up the gorge on the Niagara River. Experience the whitewater and hear the history of the area. Take the tour that goes to the Whirlpool and enjoy the thrill and exhilaration of the powerful river, just plan to get wet.
OUR LADY OF FATIMA SHRINE
Since 1954, Our Lady of Fatima Shrine has become a place of natural beauty, art, communal prayer, and renewal to thousands who visit the unique buildings and grounds each year. The magnificence and natural beauty of the Shrine is highlighted by an awe-inspiring Dome Basilica covered with two layers of glass and Plexiglas, with a contour of the Northern Hemisphere of the globe.
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In the battle against Amaranthus spp. weeds, it is important to fight them early and often. Layering residual herbicides is a tool to aid in this battle.
Pigweed relatives (Amaranthus spp.) like waterhemp and Palmer amaranth are soybean pests that call for new methods to keep them from taking over Illinois fields. CCA Soy Envoy Dawn Kielsmeier did a great job describing these weeds in her April post, “Weeds to Watch Out For.” Click here to read her post.
These weeds’ resistance to commonly used POST herbicides, rapid growth rate and extraordinary seed production capabilities mean growers need to redesign their control plans to prevent seed banks from building to unmanageable levels.
The first goal of any weed control program is to prevent weeds from producing seed. For the last 20 years glyphosate and the Roundup Ready® trait in corn and soybeans served us well in that regard. Recently, though, the development of glyphosate resistance in certain weed species has made that goal harder to achieve. Pigweed species, especially, have developed resistance to multiple chemistry families.
For this reason agronomists recommend soil-applied residual herbicide products to begin the weed control program before weeds emerge. Starting the growing season clean is an invaluable first step in weed management. A challenge to this practice when combatting pigweeds is that these weeds have a long germination period. In a typical year, Amaranthus relatives begin emerging in late spring, peak around late June or early July, and continue into August (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Waterhemp germination starts early and lasts deep into the growing season
Soil-applied herbicides provide effective control of germinating weeds anywhere from four to six weeks following application. This means that just as waterhemp germination is peaking, the herbicide’s effectiveness is tapering off. An additional difficulty when dealing with these specific weeds is that their stems elongate rapidly, effectively fighting canopy shading (Figure 2). Often, we see apparently clean soybean fields develop “overnight” waterhemp infestations late in the growing season.
Figure 2. Waterhemp plants elongate rapidly, fighting canopy shading.
Layering a residual soil-applied herbicide along with the post-emergence herbicide pass is one way to maintain a barrier to waterhemp and related weeds later in the growing season (Figure 3). The Group 15 herbicides, long chain fatty acid inhibitors, can often extend control of small seeded broadleaves like the pigweeds. By applying a residual treatment in a preplant pass, then adding an additional dose of residual herbicide roughly 30 days after planting, growers can help to maintain a higher level of control later in the growing season.
Figure 3. Concept of layering effective soil residual herbicides to control waterhemp. Dr. Fritz Breitenbach
In two years of research at the University of Minnesota, applying a Group 15 herbicide 30 days after planting provided 20 percent better season-long control of waterhemp in soybeans compared with a preplant application only (Figure 4). In Dr. Fritz Breitenbach’s study, herbicide products used in a tank mix with Flexstar® were Dual II Magnum®, Outlook® and Warrant®.
Figure 4. Percent waterhemp control PRE alone vs PRE/POST residual herbicides. Dr. Fritz Breitenbach
I have been mainly referring to field conditions during a “typical” year. However, with soybean planting still going on in many parts of the state, growers had an opportunity to use tillage to control the first flush of Amaranthus spp. weeds. On the other hand, drown-out spots in fields give weeds an added opportunity to flourish this year. Weed control is rarely 100 percent and it is never easy. Adding a residual product will help manage pigweed populations later in the season and keep the weed seed bank depleted.
CCA Kevin Nelson is a 4R NMS at Northern Partners Cooperative. Kevin works with the Agronomy Sales Team and growers in North Central Illinois. He is a 2017 Illinois Soybean Association CCA Soy Envoy.
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Philadelphia’s Sports Injury Center conducted a study to determine the relative effectiveness of four alternative rehabilitation programs designed for patients recovering from severe knee injuries. One of the variables used as an indicator of effectiveness is “number of days until the patient attains 75% of baseline lateral rotation.” Ten patients with similar injuries were randomly selected for each treatment. The partially completed tables below summarize results. Fill in the indicated missing values. Use the results to test a “no difference in average number of days” null hypothesis at the 5% significance level.
Answer to relevant QuestionsInformation Week’s National IT Salary Survey showed that IT (information technology) staff between the ages of 36 and 45 earned, on average, $67,000 per year. The average increased to $69,000 for IT staff between the ages ...Use a statistical calculator or Excel’s F.DIST.RT function to determine the proportion of values in an F distribution that are greater than a. 3.285, if numerator degrees of freedom = 4 and denominator degrees of freedom ...The Head Start Program offers early childhood education support for children up to age 5 from low income families. In a recent study of fifth graders, a sample of 1500 students was randomly selected from each of three ...From Exercise 10: A recent study of higher education measured the proportion of college students who work in off campus jobs for at least 20 hours a week. Four samples, each composed of 200 randomly selected students, were ...Hyper Inflation is a balloon wholesaler selling large variety packs of jumbo balloons that are supposed to contain 50% red balloons, 30% blue balloons, and 20% white balloons. You take a random sample of 200 balloons from ...
Post your question
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Zoetis recently unveiled new research that will help pork producers and meat packers produce wholesome pork with less environmental impact.
The research is based on a life cycle assessment (LCA) conducted in the United States for Improvest (gonadotropin releasing factor analog – diphtheria toxoid conjugate), an FDA-approved veterinary prescription product that successfully reduces unpleasant odors that can occur when cooking pork from some male pigs.
The LCA found that even modest adoption rates (33%) of Improvest on US pig farms could generate significant environmental benefits. This outcome reinforced findings of an LCA conducted in countries outside the US, which supported the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) granted to Improvest by the International Environmental Consortium in 2012. The US study was funded by Zoetis and conducted by the University of Arkansas.
"With protein demand growing worldwide, Improvest can help the entire pork supply chain be even more sustainable," said Gloria Basse, vice president, US Pork Business Unit, Zoetis. "The LCA analysis shows significant reductions in feed, water and land usage associated with use of Improvest."
This year, a team of environmental experts from the University of Arkansas, The Prasino Group and Life Cycle Engineering analyzed US. LCA data for Improvest. The analysis found that if one-third of the nation's pork producers adopted the product, the following benefits would result:
• Better feed conversion, which could save nearly 60 pounds of feed per hog over physically castrated hogs. That equates to a savings of more than 500,000 tons of feed per year.
• Improved feed efficiency, which could save 37 pounds of corn and distillers grains and more than 11 pounds of soybean meal per hog, helping to reduce land use by 137,000 acres per year.
• Reduced water use, by as much as 130 gallons per market hog raised using Improvest, or 2.3 billion gallons per year.
• Reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, by more than 500,000 tons per year, or the equivalent of eliminating GHG emissions from about 104,000 cars.
Improvest is the first product from an animal health company to qualify for an EPD. It certifies that using Improvest benefits the environment on important indicators such as global warming potential, total energy consumption, resource use and waste generation. It is validated by a third party to ensure relevant and comparable information about its environmental impact.
Using Improvest helps producers capture the inherent advantages of raising intact male pigs. Male pigs are given Improvest in the finishing phase, eliminating the need for physical castration early in life. As a result, male pigs are able to fully express their natural potential for feed-efficient growth, with all the inherent performance advantages of intact males, for the majority of the production cycle.
In August, representatives from Zoetis presented the LCA findings at the Food Marketing Institute's (FMI) 2013 Sustainability Summit, as part of a session titled "Sustainable Livestock Production: A Key Component in Sustainability Strategies." With the case study of Improvest as its focus, the expert panel connected the impact of this technology to benefits that the food supply chain stands to gain as a result — benefits that range from improved economic and environmental health to improved meat quality.
"The majority of our business is linked to food production, and we believe it's important to provide knowledge to help our customers as well as other stakeholders to make informed decisions that can enhance their businesses," said Christi Calhoun, senior manager, Food Chain Outreach, Zoetis. "We are encouraged with these findings and are eager to share these advancements with the entire supply chain."
Important Safety Information:Pregnant women should not administer Improvest. Women of childbearing age, as well as men, should exercise extreme caution when administering this product. Exercise special care to prevent accidental self-injection because of negative effects on reproductive physiology in both men and women. However, there is no risk associated with consuming pork from animals administered this product. Improvest should not be used in female pigs, barrows, or male pigs intended for breeding. Click here to see the full Prescribing Information.
For more info: Improvest.com
Improvest - approved in 60 other countries around the world, including the European Union, Australia and Japan, under the related global brand, Improvac.
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We all love free WiFi. Whether it is from our favorite store, coffee shop or gym. After all, who wants to use their mobile data when they don’t have to? As convenient as these hotspots are, they do come with multiple security concerns you are probably not aware of.
Did you know that all of these networks are open and can make you susceptible to a cyber attack? You may think that the likelihood of a hacker choosing to perform malicious activities at the same place you are at is rare, but it is more common than you think.
Public WiFi is every hackers goldmine. With the ability to steal confidential and personal information from unsuspecting users of the wireless network, these hackers have ‘successfully’ caused a lot of harm. As time goes on and technology evolves, hackers are becoming more and more skilled with how to carry out these harmful tasks and are keeping cyber security professionals on their toes.
This is exactly what’s been happening with the latest WiFi threat called KRACKS (Key Reinstallation AttaCKs)
KRACKS represents a group made up of multiple vulnerabilities that allow hackers to obtain and transmit data across a WiFi network if successfully implemented. The threat that these attacks pose include: obtaining sensitive personal information that is shared over the WiFi network and accessing personal information such as credit card numbers stored on your device. Hackers take this information and use it to commit identity fraud. Attackers have also made false web pages mimicking a legitimate one and encourage you to download malware onto your device without your knowledge.
This type of attack was found by a security researcher at Belgian University KU Leuven named Mathy Vanhoef. He discovered that there was a type of attack targeting a WiFi’s WPA2 encryption protocol. Hackers have recently discovered that there are some weaknesses in WPA2 and have used this to their advantage. They exploit these weaknesses through the use of KRACKS.
How do you protect yourself from becoming a victim?
While there is no guarantee that anybody is 100% safe on a public WiFi network, ensuring that your devices software is up to date can help. When you keep your device current on its software, it is equipped with the latest firewall patches that help prevent attacks such as KRACKS. You can also follow some of these general tips via our blog on how to better protect yourself on public WiFi.
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As much as what we do, it’s about how we do it.
Learning at Diamond Valley Learning Centre is more than a Course or a Certificate. Our vision is to Nurture Possibility and Stir Change. We do this by caring for our students’ individual needs and keeping our classes small and friendly.
Our tutors value your individual experience, and students learn from one another. In this atmosphere of respect and encouragement, new possibilities and life-changing learning thrive. As people often say about courses at DVLC, It’s Fun!
Diamond Valley Learning Centre is a thriving hub in Greensborough where you can learn new skills, meet new, interesting people and change the direction of your life. If you’re looking for a Certificate that opens employment opportunities, a Short Course that offers new skills, or a Lifestyle Course to add fun and sparkle, we welcome you!
Study in a place that feels like Home.
Don’t have an internet device but would like to learn about or practice on one? Our Centre is offering free Loan of tablets to eligible people over 50 for FREE!!! They come with a sim card, so you don’t need WIFI. Please contact our office for further details 9435 9060 or email@example.com
“To the staff at Diamond Valley Learning Centre. I would like to thank you for the amazing job you do. You make people feel welcome and you should feel very proud of what services you are providing for our community.”
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This bridge is inarguably the most beautiful and impressive bridge in all of Elkhart county, and probably beyond. It showcases everything that makes a truss bridge spectacular, and is well worth a visit. It certainly is the crown jewel of the city of Goshen. The Indiana Avenue bridge received a 1986 restoration, and again in 2010-2011. The 2010-2011 restoration was carefully executed so as to be respectful to the historic integrity of the bridge.
This bridge is a through truss bridge, specifically a Pennsylvania truss bridge. It was built in 1898. This special modification of the Pratt through design features the Parker shape as well as additional members added beyond the Pratt design. This particular bridge features an a top chord that runs horizontal longer than usual, giving the bridge a somewhat unusual appearance. Connections on the bridge are pinned. The bridge is composed of twelve panels. Railings on the roadway portion of the bridge are not original. Original pedestrian guardrails remain however, in the form of lattice guardrails, which are supported by small outriggers. These lattice guardrails feature decorative flower rivets in the center. The end posts for these railings are quite decorative as well. The sidewalks on each side of the bridge are cantilevered, and have a concrete deck. They may have originally had a wooden deck. The roadway deck is steel grate, and may have also been wood originally. V-lacing is extensive on the bridge: on the sway bracing, vertical members, under the top chord, and also on the short horizontal members on the bridge. Eyebars that are present on the bridge are the up-set type. The bridge features ornate steel decorations on top of its portal bracing, as well as round finials on top of the end posts. The bridge is seated on cut stone abutments. The bridge has a posted weight limit of twelve tons for all vehicles.
This bridge has everything that makes a truss bridge great. It is old, with an 1898 construction date, and based on that alone is historic. The v-lacing and complex Pennsylvania configuration of this bridge make a complex geometric beauty that is repeated in no other bridge type. As if that were not enough, extensive ornate decorative treatments on the portal and railings add to the beauty. The through nature of the bridge makes the bridge large and noticeable, making the crossing of the river an exciting experience, more interesting than the rest of the roadway. The people in charge of this bridge made the right choice in preserving it in 1986. It is important that they continue to stand by that decision and maintain this bridge for future generations to enjoy. Few truss bridges are as beautiful as this bridge, and the fact that there are so few truss bridges in this area of Indiana make it even more important, from a regional perspective. Goshen is lucky to be blessed with such a unique structure.
This bridge was finally officially listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 9, 2005, although it had been considered eligible for years prior to that.
Information and Findings From DHPA Historic Bridge Survey
History of Bridge
Fort Wayne Street was a link in the long-standing and important transportation route through Goshen between Elkhart to the northwest and Fort Wayne to the southeast. The Elkhart River had been spanned on Fort Wayne Street with a timber structure for some time. Although the wood was in decay, the impetus for a new bridge probably grew out of an agreement which the Elkhart County commissioners signed in June 1896 with the Indiana Electric Railway Company to construct a street railway on a county road from the village of New Paris north to and through Goshen. In August, the Goshen Common Council petitioned the county commissioners for a "new steel structure" of 175 ft. with a 24-ft. roadway with 5-ft. walks on each side designed with "ample strength to bear up heavy loads including street car travel and traffic." The commissioners inspected the old Fort Wayne Street Bridge and appointed E. W. Walker, Stephen T. Evans, and Charles Seibert, Sr. as viewers of the structure and site. The viewers found the existing "'pile structure'...rotten" and recommended the construction of a single metal-truss span seated upon cut-stone abutments raised a few feet higher than the timber bridge. The board of commissioners accepted the viewers report on August 25 and immediately contracted at $10,150 with the Bellefontaine Bridge and Iron Company of Bellefontaine, Ohio, for the stone substructure and steel superstructure. The commissioners agreed to the company's proposed "plans and detailed specifications" for the 180-ft. trusses with a 24-ft. roadway and a pair of 5-ft. walks. Bellefontaine received permission to use the old bridge for "putting up the trestle work...for convenience in erecting said iron bridge." Frank Brumbaugh--experienced as carpenter, machinist, bridge-shop foreman--had served as the Bellefontaine Bridge Company agent in Elkhart County for some time, and the commissioners had contracted with him before the big Fort Wayne Street contract came along. In time, Brumbaugh would leave his Ohio agency to establish the quite successful Elkhart Bridge & Iron Company (EB&ICo) to fabricate steel spans locally. EB&ICo became a major builder across Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin and other points westward. Considerable as seemed the county board's confidence in Brumbaugh and Bellefontaine, commissioner Philip Nye moved in mid-October to name a construction inspector for the abutments of the Fort Wayne Street Bridge. The other two commissioners voted down Nye's motion, but the board as a whole began to make regular inspections of the construction site. On the third visit, they pronounced the work done to date as "satisfactory." In March 1897, the board formally inspected and accepted the "iron bridge" and paid Bellefontaine the contract price.
The pinned Pennsylvania through-truss span with sub-ties extends 180 ft. subdivided into twelve panels. The four most central panels of the top chord are parallel with and 30-ft. away from the lower chord. The three panels which separate the top chord's center section from the endpost angle downward in two slopes to a truss depth of 22 ft. 3 in. at the portal. The top chords and endposts are fabricated from a pair of 12-in. channels riveted together with a cover plate and lacing bars. The lower chord consists of a pair of die-forged eyebars growing heavier toward midspan (from 7/8"x5" outer to 1.25"x7.25" inner). The hip verticals and the hangers on the lower half of the subdivided panels--every other vertical-- carry a pair of die-forged eyebars (9/16"x3"). The alternates consist mostly of a pair of laced 10- in. channels (except for 8-in. channels next to the hip vertical). A pair of die-forged eyebars supply each set of diagonals, with all inner ones being pinned at a horizontal strut. 1.13-in. adjustable square rods--pinned at the horizontal strut--counter the four center panels; the next panel beyond the center section is countered from the top chord to the horizontal strut. As is usual with Pennsylvania trusses, several devices help to stabilize the trusses. A pair of laced channels placed midway between the chords provide horizontal struts in the center section of panels where truss depth is greatest. The third panel in from each end also has a horizontal strut to stabilize web strains there. Braced-A struts made heavy to carry the electric power of the street railway originally reinforced the portals. Laced struts between upper panel points, reinforced with a lower strut on full-length verticals, plus adjustable rod lateral braces offered additional stiffening. Heavy rectangular girder floor-beams were riveted to angles in turn riveted to pin and vertical plates above the lower chord. Adjustable rod lower laterals braced the floor system. Brackets added outside the floor-beams carry the sidewalks. Rolled I-beams stringers assist the floor-beams in supporting the roadway--originally of timber, then of concrete, and now of steel grate. The original railings lining the trusses have been replaced with contemporary metal ones. The original additionally-decorated, latticed sidewalk rails remain. The portals retain their elaborate cresting and most of their celebratory finials.
The product of a prolific Ohio firm whose agent would soon organize an important Indiana bridge-building firm, this structure served transportation of a long-used, important route across Elkhart County. It is also the oldest surviving Pennsylvania through-truss highway bridge of only one of two left on roads in Indiana. The old Fort Wayne Street Bridge retains most of its original truss members, although a number have been repaired. The floor-beams have been reinforced on a couple of occasions; the stringers, deck, and roadway railings replaced; the special portal bracing for the street railway removed. The intricate cresting, most of the finials, and the decorated lattice walkway railings all remain intact.
Bridge Considered Historic By Survey: Yes
Coordinates (Latitude, Longitude):
Search For Additional Bridge Listings:
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Problem Solving using data analysis to support actions and solutions
The purpose of this course is use critical thinking to solve problems. We might also use it to examine and identify areas that need addressing to improve day to day operations and performance.
Who is the Course Aimed at?
Staff members who want to create changes or improvement to the way in which they carry out the work in their department. Before we can solve any problems, we need to be able to break it down and analyse the information to establish a cogent case for actions that will be taken and how this will benefit the department and the organisation.
By the end of the course the learners will be able to:
- Identify what is meant by problem solving
- Discuss and use a range of problem-solving techniques to help to drill down into the causes and effects that are creating the problem.
- Analyse the data using quantitative and qualitative information.
- Justify decision making using supporting evidence to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of actions.
- Create action plans to rectify problems and build in ongoing quality reviews.
This course is based on examining the theory and working with examples. It does not use software in the session as there are several programmes that are available, and you would need a separate session for this.
This course will take you through the process and provide you with examples to try out your skills.
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Autonomous CropTeq Robot versus human labour
- Robots do have a predictable reliability
- Robots do have a consistent quality
- Robots do not need a course or training.
- Robots are never sick, do need no housing
- Robots perform on a competitive speed at a lower "salary"/annual depreciation.
- Wirth robots there is more control over virus spread.
- In the long run, one robot can do more and more, such as harvesting, sorting, etc.
- Artificial intelligence (AI) will open up even more new possibilities
- Unlocking data; light, moisture, temperature, CO2, shape, weight, etc
- More and more innovative end-effectors.
The CropTeq CDL 10 represents a one-armed robot that can cut 1000 leaves per hour. It cuts right along the stem, minimising the "wound" and minimize the chance of disease. The cutting device is continuously disinfected, again to minimize the spread of a virus or a disease.
The CropTeq robot consists of a robust stainless steel vehicle (AGV), containing the electrical hardware on which the AI and software runs, the batteries and the place for extra end effectors.
The CropTeq robot drives on both the pipe rail and the concrete path. He does this autonomously, driving without human intervention from the pipe rail, over the concrete to the pipe rail of the next path.
The CropTeq robot is powered by rechargeable batteries configured for your convenience. It enables continious performance. It can perform as long as required.
The USP, unique selling points
- Cutting straight along the stem.
- Cutting 360 degrees around the stem.
- It cuts at a guaranteed speed of 1000 leafs an hour.
- Cutting device constantly desinfected.
- Autonomous piperail change.
- Battery powered.
Is the Cropteq a gamechanger?
The simplest answer to this is; Yes. The VDL technology has a number of key features that make it a game changer. It is more than just replacing labour.
Return on Investment
For a grower, the payback period and the problem you solve with it is crucial. We believe that robotization is only feasible if the business case is good. Choosing well, what you are going to robotize is essential.
Platform thinking leads to more perspective
Our platform concept is basically a modular platform with defined interfaces. Standard solutions, components and functionalities are used with a roadmap to more.
Artificial intelligence, Making Automation Intelligent
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technology that has become a disruptive technology in recent years. Breakthroughs in a technique called deep learning are bringing new levels of performance to various AI applications, including computer vision.
AI and deep learning has enabled a first wave of successful consumer applications, powered by the leading companies, such as Google, Uber, Tesla, Facebook and Netflix. Now a second wave of AI industrial applications is achievable.
Machine learning, data versus knowledge.
For software programmers, machine learning is another way of programming. Traditionally, a software programmer, often an expert, writes the rules and conditions in his program, which translates input into a defined output.
With machine learning, things are really different. By giving it a dataset with the desired output, the machine (learning algorithm) learns itself how to generate an output for new data.
As an engineer, you train (modify) your deep learning algorithm (development environment) with your dataset, which you then use to generate your application software. With the generated software, your industrial product can autonomously associate new data with the trained output.
Machine learning is applicable to almost all industry segments, from finance to manufacturing. Predictive models help reduce costs, improve quality and enable new applications.
Deep Learning is a technique introduced by a Google team in 2012, which is increasingly applied and optimized for specific applications. Of course we use the available technology on which we have built our application.
Convolutional Neural Networks - AI algorithms that specialize in learning image data, used for things like detecting objects and people, taking pictures, and analyzing medical or scientific images.
Reinforcement learning - AI algorithms that specialize in learning, to take optimal sequences of actions. Mostly used for process optimization tasks and (robot) automation. Segmentation networks to give even better control to our robot movements with points clouds.
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Please boost your Plan to download papers
Comparison of New Hampshire Baptist Confession of Faith (1833) with the Treatise on Faith and Practice of the Free Will Baptists
Religion and Theology
Pages 5 (1255 words)
Table of Contents Introduction 2 Similarities 3 Overlapping Declaration 4 Contrasting Beliefs 5 Conclusion 6 Bibliography 7 Introduction Confessions were a way of stating the religious forms and beliefs of Specific entities. As the Christianity grows there exists a cultural overlap where the ways vary differently as the topographical location is concerned…
These particular confessions are very much related to each other because of their root. The New Hampshire Baptist confessions of faith generally have begun in 1833 drawn by Rev. John Newton Brown, D. Din the New Hampshire Baptist Confession of Faith was adhered to by what are known as General Baptists . Treatise on Faith and practice of the Free Will Baptist can be shortly termed as ‘Free will Baptist’ and was originally founded and written by Benjamin Randall in about 1779, after removing himself from the Calvinistic Baptists in New Hampshire who became very critical of his theological views. Now as we gather these two confessions of the Baptist beliefs we can now trace the history behind this timeline of the Religious reforms in the United States and as well how it affected the Neighboring countries. We will also look at the paralleling declarations followed by complementary that would affect the polity, ordinances in the Baptist Churches in the world. 1. The New HampshireBaptist Confession, 1833 by Phillip R. Johnson 2. Randall- The Reformed Reader Similarities We will start the similarities by the organization of the entire confessions. Both of the confessions have the same attribution that certain men had written the bible. ...
Not exactly what you need?
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Guest Author - Diana Geiger
Canaries (Serinus Canarius) are originally from the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa. Most people think of the canary as a yellow bird but the canary also comes in other variations of color. The canary requires less attention and space than parrots. A canary is a songbird that is sure to delight your family.
The male canary is the singer in the family, but the female canary is more social than the male. It is very difficult to tell the difference between the male and female canary. If you are only interested in purchasing a male that you know will sing, purchase after a year old and make sure youíve heard the bird sing before you purchase him. Hopefully you will enjoy and love your canary if it sings or not. Purchase a canary while they are still young.
Canaries are not overly social birds and can be kept as a single. In fact, male birds are very territorial.
Purchasing a Canary
Prices of canaries vary a great deal. If you purchase from a pet store they will likely be more expensive than purchasing from a private breeder. The fancier the variety of canary the more expensive the canary will be. Males are usually more expensive than females.
Make sure you pick out a healthy bird from a reputable breeder. I wouldnít recommend purchasing a canary from an outdoor aviary. Mosquitoes carry canary pox and easily transmit the canary pox to canaries. This is good reason to make sure your screens are in good condition and are secure.
Make sure you find out what the canary has been eating, and continue to feed the same food, changing over to a different diet gradually; if you feel the need.
Cages and Accessories
Canaries donít climb for exercise as parrots do. They need to fly. A good-sized rectangular cage is needed to give them an opportunity for optimal exercise. They enjoy hopping from branch to branch. Never put your canary in a round cage. The minimum sized cage should be 24" long, 16" deep, and 18" tall. The bigger the cage is the better. The bar spacing should be no bigger than one half inch.
You should give the canary perches of different diameters from one quarter inch to one half inch in diameter for optimal foot health. Do not use the sandpaper perches you find in pet stores.
Natural branches are wonderful for optimal foot health but make sure they are not off a poisonous tree or have chemicals such as pesticides on them. Wash and dry the branch thoroughly before using. Sun drying is the best drying method.
The cage and accessories should be cleaned and sanitized on a weekly basis. The cage floor covering and food dishes need to be cleaned daily. Newspaper that doesnít contain colored ink works great for a cage floor covering. You can also purchase cage floor coverings from a pet supply store. The branches need to be washed in hot soapy water, rinsed well and allowed to completely dry.
Canaries enjoy toys. Most any toy suitable for a parakeet is fine for a canary. Keep in mind that the male canary may not sing if he has a mirror. The canary enjoys a swing in its cage.
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More and more, we humans are having to come up with solutions to beat the heat.
With the hottest summer in recorded history currently underway, we’ve been doing everything we can — installing AC units, taking multiple cold showers a day, and even attaching fans to our cell phones and converting our refrigerators into air conditioners. Whatever it takes.
Of course, animals are dealing with the heat in their own way, and some of their solutions are pretty cool. Elephants vent heat out through their ears, hummingbirds go swimming, and snails just straight-up sleep through it.
As Jeff Goldblum once said…
Perhaps the most incredible example of nature dealing with rising temperatures is the zebra finch.
The zebra finch is an Australian bird and the best singer to come from that country since Natalie Imbruglia. (Who is timeless, I don’t care what you say.)
There’s a wide variety of finch songs and calls, and they’re all unique and beautiful. Zebra finches also sing to their eggs, and one study has observed something pretty amazing about this behavior.
Zebra finches may be giving their eggs a warning about the temperature before they hatch.
That’s right. Finches might actually be singing a cautionary tune to their babies about the temperature outside.
Here’s what it sounds like:
“This acoustic signal is potentially being used to program the development of offspring,” says Kate Buchanan, the author of the new paper. “Hearing the call affects your rate of growth relative to the temperature that you experience.”
Essentially, if a finch chick hears the heat warning in the egg, it’ll hatch a bit smaller. Smaller-bodied birds can cool down faster and sustain less damage from extreme heat. (Because science!)
This has been called a “shocking” observation and will probably lead to a lot more research.
After all, if temperatures continue to rise like they are, every animal might have to make some adjustments.
Humans who will have to make the biggest adjustments though. Sure we can keep those air conditioners humming all summer long or move permanently into the neighbor’s house with the pool, but if we don’t radically change the way we live, extreme weather and temperatures will become a lot worse and a lot more dangerous.
I believe in us though. Because if we can figure out how to install a home air conditioner into a pickup truck … we can do anything. Even address climate change.
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|Publication number||US5507494 A|
|Application number||US 08/513,050|
|Publication date||16 Apr 1996|
|Filing date||9 Aug 1995|
|Priority date||9 Aug 1995|
|Also published as||CA2183044A1, EP0757915A2, EP0757915A3|
|Publication number||08513050, 513050, US 5507494 A, US 5507494A, US-A-5507494, US5507494 A, US5507494A|
|Inventors||Edward De Bono|
|Original Assignee||De Bono; Edward|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (3), Classifications (15), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
1. Field of Invention
This invention relates generally to games for two players which make use of a board and playing pieces which in the course of play are moved on the board, and more particularly, to a game in which the face of the board presents an array of nine like squares on which is movable three playing pieces.
2. Status of Prior Art
Many games are known for two players which make use of a playing board divided into squares and playing pieces which are movable by the players to occupy different squares on the board. Thus checkers is a game which employs a square board divided into 64 alternately colored squares, each player being provided with a set of 12 pieces in the form of colored discs. A chess game uses the same board as in checkers, each player being provided with a set of 16 chessmen, the pieces in one set being all white and those in the other set being all black.
A three-spot game for two players in accordance with the invention is simpler in its equipment than either checkers or chess, for it uses only three playing pieces and a board whose face presents an array of nine squares. Yet this simple equipment lends itself to complex game strategies that require a high order of skill to execute, for the winner of a three spot game is not always the, player who scores the highest number of points. Should the opposing player score, less than a predetermined number of point, then he is the winner.
Indeed, a three spot game in some respects violates the theory of games first developed by John Von Neumann. Under this theory, a game consists of a set of rules governing a competitive situation in which two or more players choose strategies calculated to maximize their own winnings and minimize those of the opponents. These rules specify the possible action each player can take and the amount won or lost in various situations. Hence the winner of a game in all cases is the player who scores the highest number of points.
In contradistinction to the theory of games, a three spot game in accordance with the invention calls for strategies calculated to force an opposing player to also gain points, so that when a player scores the predetermined number of points which marks the end of the game, the opposing player has then scored a lesser number of points, but a sufficient number to avoid being declared the winner. Hence one possible game strategy is for a player is to score the fewest possible number of points in order to win the game.
In view of the foregoing, the main object of this invention is to provide a game for two players which makes use of a board whose face presents an array of nine like squares and three playing pieces which are movable on the board to occupy any pair of adjacent squares thereon.
More particularly an object of this invention is to provide a game of the above type in which the three squares at one end of the array each contain a scoring spot therein, the other six squares being blank, scoring being effected by counting the number of spot squares covered by the playing pieces.
A significant feature of the invention is that the winner of the game is either the player who at the end of the game reaches a score that is greater than the score reached by the opposing player, but only if the opposing player's score is greater than a predetermined number, or the player whose score is less than the predetermined number. Hence a game in accordance with the invention dictates complex play strategies, some of which are calculated to reduce the number of points scored rather than to increase this number.
Briefly stated, a game in accordance with the invention which makes use of three playing pieces and a board whose face presents an array of nine like squares, a scoring spot being contained in each of the three squares at one end of the array, the other six squares being blank. The three playing pieces are each in the form of a rectangular chip having a size corresponding to that of a pair of adjacent squares, so that in the course of play each piece can be placed on the board to occupy any pair of adjacent square in the array in the X or Y direction. One piece is white and serves as a neutral piece, while the other two pieces have different colors, each player selecting for play a respective colored piece.
For a better understanding of the invention as well as other objects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following detailed description to be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates the board used in the game in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 shows the three playing pieces used in the game;
FIG. 3 illustrates the position of the playing pieces on the board at the start of the game;
FIG. 4 shows the playing pieces on the board at one point in the game;
FIG. 5 shows another possible play position for the pieces; and
FIG. 6 shows still another play position.
The Game Apparatus:
In a three spot game for two players in accordance with the invention, use is made, as shown in FIG. 1, of a square board 10. The face of board 10 is divided by vertical lines in the Y direction and intersecting horizontal lines in the X direction to create an array of nine like squares 1 to 9. The vertical row of squares 1 to 3 at the left side of the array each contains at its center a round dot. Hence there is a dot S1 in square 1, a dot S2 in square 2 and a dot S3 in square 3. The six squares 4 to 9 are blank.
Also provided are three playing pieces as shown in FIG. 2, which are each formed of a rectangular plastic chips whose size corresponds to that of a pair of adjacent squares in the array on board 10. One piece R has a red color, the second piece N has a white colored and the third piece B has a blue color. Piece N is a neutral piece, whereas color pieces R and B are selected for play by the respective players, so that one player plays with a blue piece and the other with a red piece.
The invention is not limited to these particular colors, for in practice the neutral piece may be black and the other two pieces may be green and yellow.
Because each piece is equal in size for a pair of adjacent squares, the piece may be placed anywhere on the board to occupy any pair of adjacent squares in the X or Y direction. Thus one may place a piece to overlie the pair of squares 1 and 4 in the X direction, or to overlie the pair of squares 7 and 8 in the Y direction.
At the start of the same, the pieces are placed on the board, as shown in FIG. 3 so that red piece R occupies square 1 and 4, neutral white piece N occupies squares 2 and 5 and blue piece B occupies squares 3 and 6. Hence at the start of the game all spot squares 1, 2 and 3 are covered.
One player plays with the R piece and the other with the B piece. The starting player moves his pieces to a "new position," this being a position in which the piece does not cover exactly the same pair of adjacent squares on the board as before. To do this, the piece is lifted off the board and placed anywhere else on the board at a site chosen by the player.
After a player has moved his piece to a new position, he must then move the neutral piece N to a new position. Thus to complete a play turn, the player must first move his piece to a new position and then move the neutral piece to a new position. At the end of the turn, the player score one point for every spot square on the board covered by his play piece. But the player does not score the spot squares covered by the neutral piece N. If, therefore, at the end of a particular turn, a player's piece B covers spots S1 and S2 and neutral piece N covers spot S3 the player's score for this play turn is 2 points, not three.
The opposing player then makes his move in the same way by placing his pieces on the board at a new position, and then placing the neutral piece at a new position, at which point the number of spots covered by the opposing player's piece is scored.
The game is concluded when one of the players reach a maximum score of 12 points. The number of play turns it takes to reach this score depends on the strategy employed by this player. The declared winner at the conclusion of the game is the player who scored 12 points, but only if the opposing player has reached a minimum score of 6 points or more. If, therefore, at the conclusion of the game in which one player has reached 12 points and the opposing player has reached 8 points, then the former wins the game. However, if the opposing player has only reached 5 points, then he is the winner of the game.
Because in a three spot game, in accordance with the invention a player who charges ahead to score as many points as he can in any play turn of the game, he may succeed in losing, if this strategy leads to the opposing player scoring so few points as to win. As a result, each player has to keep switching strategies from scoring as many points as he can, to forcing the opponent to score points, or to avoid scoring points.
The need to switch strategies in the course of play compels the player to assess his opponent's strategy and to determine when to switch strategies. The player, therefore, must plan ahead to the score, to be made after the next one, and recognize the importance of the neutral piece N.
For any given set up on the board, the best play depends on which strategy is being executed, bearing in mind that the player who appears to be losing the game may still have a good chance of winning if he is prevented by the other player from scoring too many points.
This at any play turn in the three spot game, the best play is determined by the strategy at that moment. FIG. 4 shows the playing position at one point in the game in which neutral piece N covers squares 1 and 4, red piece R covers squares 7 and 8 and blue piece B covers squares 3 and 6, the red piece R being the next to move.
If red piece R is trying to score points, then the next move, as shown in FIG. 5, is one in which red piece R is placed over squares 2 and 5 to immediately score one point and the neutral piece is placed over squares 4 and 7. In this position the red piece may be able to score two points on the next move.
But if the red piece player is trying to force the blue piece player to score points, then as shown in FIG. 6, red piece R is placed to cover squares 8 and 9, and neutral piece N is placed to cover squares 4 and 5, thereby scoring no points but exposing spot squares 1, 2 and 3. This arrangement gives the blue piece player no choice but to score 2 points on his next move.
Hence while the three spot game involves only three playing pieces on a board having an array of 9 squares, it is not a game that is quickly mastered, for a novice player though he knows how to move the pieces, must develop strategies to reach the winning goal by scoring 12 points while his opponent scores at least 6 points, or to reach this goal by scoring less than six points. Hence a player may at some junction in the game decide that the best course of action is to reduce, if he can, the number of points being scored.
While there has been shown a preferred embodiment of a three spot game in accordance with the invention, it will be appreciated that many changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US1465160 *||15 Jun 1922||14 Aug 1923||Luchio Michael M Di||Game|
|US4102535 *||15 Dec 1976||25 Jul 1978||Invicta Plastics Limited||Board game|
|US4213616 *||2 Jul 1979||22 Jul 1980||Dickey Thomas E||Four-in-a-row board game|
|US4456261 *||2 Oct 1981||26 Jun 1984||Daitzman Reid J||Method of playing a board game|
|US4687207 *||16 Apr 1986||18 Aug 1987||Darling Phillip H||Method of manipulating playing pieces|
|US4706961 *||1 Jul 1986||17 Nov 1987||Singleman Alfred H||Game of chance|
|US4813681 *||2 Apr 1987||21 Mar 1989||Volpert Jr Thomas R||Method of playing an alignment game|
|US5007648 *||17 Nov 1989||16 Apr 1991||Polan Alvin F||Game apparatus|
|US5248149 *||4 Mar 1992||28 Sep 1993||Edward Tarrats||Method of playing tic-tac-toe with cards|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US7014190 *||1 Jun 2004||21 Mar 2006||Mattel, Inc.||Board game with movable neutral playing pieces|
|US20050012272 *||1 Jun 2004||20 Jan 2005||Brian Yu||Board game with movable neutral playing pieces|
|US20060261548 *||19 May 2006||23 Nov 2006||Casanova Nicole K||Board game and methods of playing and using same|
|International Classification||A63F3/02, A63F9/06, A63F3/00, A63F9/00, A63F11/00|
|Cooperative Classification||A63F2003/00845, A63F2011/0095, A63F3/02, A63F3/00094, A63F2003/0075, A63F11/0051, A63F2009/064|
|European Classification||A63F3/00A14, A63F3/02|
|9 Nov 1999||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|16 Apr 2000||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|27 Jun 2000||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20000416
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.google.com.au/patents/US5507494
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'Protecting virus' offers instant flu protection and converts flu infections into their own vaccines
Research led by Professor Nigel Dimmock at the University of Warwick is developing an entirely new method of protecting against flu. This has been shown to protect animals against various strains of flu, and could offer protection against the full range of influenza A infections, including H5N1 and any new pandemic or epidemic strains infecting humans. The 'protecting virus' provides instant protection, and completely prevents flu symptoms developing by slowing influenza infection rates to such an extent that the harmful infection becomes a vaccine against that very form of influenza. It can also counter an actual infection and offer protection if given up to 24 hours after first infection (and possibly longer).
Existing vaccination methods depend on stimulating the body's immune system, so that white blood cells produce antibodies that attach to the surface of the virus and start the process of killing it. This works well for many diseases, such as smallpox, polio and measles, but is much less effective with influenza, as the coat of the flu virus is continually changing. Vaccination against one strain of flu, for instance H3N2, is totally ineffective against another, such as H5N1. This is especially problematic when a new pandemic strain emerges, as all existing vaccines are likely to be totally ineffective.
Professor Dimmock has spent more than two decades investigating an entirely new method, that uses a 'protecting virus'. This has now been shown to provide instant protection against all flu symptoms and to slow the development of an influenza infection to such an extent that harmful infections are transformed into a vaccine against that form of influenza.
'Protecting virus' has a significant alteration to one of the virus's genes. The genetic material of a flu virus consists of 8 individual segments of single stranded RNA. Professor Dimmock's protecting influenza virus has a huge but specific deletion of around 80% of the RNA of one of these 8 strands.
This deletion makes the virus harmless and prevents it from reproducing by itself within a cell, so that it cannot spread like a normal influenza virus. However, if it is joined in the cell by another influenza virus, it retains its harmless nature but starts to reproduce and at a much faster rate than the new influenza virus. This fast reproduction rate spurred by the new flu infection means that the new invading influenza is effectively crowded out by the 'protecting virus'. This vastly slows the progress of the new infection, prevents flu symptoms, and gives the body time to develop an immune response to the harmful new invader. In effect the protecting virus converts the virulent virus into a harmless live vaccine.
Research indicates that the 'protecting virus' would have the same beneficial effect whatever strain of influenza is infecting you. This is because the coat of the virus is irrelevant to the protection process the effect works on the virus genes inside the cell. It thus promises to be a highly effective tool when combating the spread of any new strain of virus, as well existing strains. One could give it as a preventive measure without the need to tailor it to a particular flu strain or mutation. This has obvious benefits when dealing with the sudden outbreak of a major epidemic, as one would not need to know the exact make up of the new strain before deploying the protecting virus making it much more useful than vaccines, which are effective only against particular existing strains of virus. In addition it protects instantly, whereas protection generated by conventional flu vaccination takes 2-3 weeks to become fully effective. Experiments so far show that a single dose of protecting virus can be given 6 weeks before an infection with flu virus and be effective. This could also have a substantial advantage over anti-viral drugs that only give less than 24-hour protection. Another advantage is that influenza virus does not appear to become resistant to 'protecting virus', although drug-resistance is a serious problem with many microbes.
'Protecting virus' also protects when given up to 24 hours after infection (and possibly longer). It is thus able to counter an actual infection. It could therefore also be used as a treatment for family and other direct contacts of infected individuals.
'Protecting virus' is easy to administer as it targets the same cells as any other flu virus and uses the same method to enter the cell. Laboratory work to date has used a drop of saline containing the protecting virus, squirted up the nose. Aerosol administration, used already for some vaccines, would be another way and is more user-friendly than injections.
The protecting virus could also be a useful treatment for domestic animals. Ducks get a gut infection and chickens a combined gut and respiratory infection, so it may be possible to simply deliver the protecting virus to them in their drinking water. One dose should protect a chicken for weeks. Flu is a major problem in the horse racing industry and in domestic horses. It also has very recently become a problem in domestic dogs in the USA and domestic cats are susceptible to H5N1 virus.
The Warwick research team has now filed a patent on the protecting virus and they are exploring ways of taking 'protecting virus' through human clinical trials and testing on birds. The University has established a company ViraBiotech to help advance those aims. This may involve venture capital support, and collaborations with pharmaceutical companies, to enable this novel technology to be rigorously tested in a wide range of animals and humans, and using a wide range of influenza strains.
Last reviewed: By John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on 30 Apr 2016
Published on PsychCentral.com. All rights reserved.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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SPRING HILL — Give Susan Duval a couple of hours and she will take you on a tour of the Springstead High School of the future. Be sure to bring an active imagination along on the campus trek with the school principal.
Visitors can picture dancers twirling and actors practicing lines in a yet-to-be built classroom building. There is a patch of grass where gymnasts and wrestlers would stretch out in a new building behind the gym. The space in front of the school is where a two-story addition to the media center would rise; a stage house would be tacked onto the auditorium.
A proposed master plan also calls for a new field house and a standalone center for the early childhood education program, among other improvements.
All told, the campus would add some 95,000 square feet and 920 stations. The total price tag could top $25 million, according to district estimates.
"This has the potential to be the most far-reaching project for this school," Duval said. "This is not fluff."
Her wishes, however, are on a collision course with the reality of tight budgets, differing priorities and "needs" vs. "wants."
Next month, the School Board will consider the Springstead plan and where to incorporate the projects in the district's overall master facilities plan. That plan is a long-range vision, a list of projects to tackle when the need for more student capacity arises, said facilities director Roland "Bo" Bavota, who worked on the plan with Duval.
Even without any new construction at Springstead, the $55 million Weeki Wachee High set to open this fall will eliminate the need for all but one or two of Springstead's 36 portable classrooms within two years, according to district projections.
"Our mission is to get rid of portable classrooms," Bavota said. "(Duval) has a different mission."
• • •
Duval and other staffers say shifting attendance boundaries alone will not address Springstead's needs.
The school's programs are beginning to attract students from throughout the county, she said, noting the new International Baccalaureate program and the career academy in Web design.
The school wants to broaden its fine arts program and offer career academies in early childhood education, sports and entertainment marketing, and television and digital production. Springstead already offers classes in those fields, but to earn state certification as a career academy, a school has to have the tools, Duval said.
"I know things are tough (financially) right now, but if we want to help students prepare for the future, then it's important we have the proper facilities and technology to make that happen," she said. "Our kids need to be competitive when they leave this high school. The community is depending on it."
At next month's workshop, the School Board will see an aerial photo of the campus with the additions superimposed. But that is no way to see how the academic and athletic programs are bursting at the school's seams, Duval said, opting instead to give each board member a tour of the school.
"I'll do it five times," she said, once for each member.
In the northeast corner of the campus, a new classroom building would sit adjacent to the art and music center and take the place of a long row of portables. The building, which could be as large as 59,000 square feet and run as much as $15 million, would include studio space for the performing arts academy.
"It's the linchpin of this whole plan," Duval said.
She gave other highlights, roughly in her order of priority:
• The 4,600-square-foot physical education building would be used for wrestling, aerobics and storage. A locker room for the girls varsity sports program would be added. A nearby room used now for wrestling and aerobics would be converted into a graphic arts lab. A 7,000-square-foot field house, concession stand and restrooms adjacent to the stadium are last on Duval's priority list but included in the cost of the new PE building. That estimated price tag: $2 million.
• A one-story, 4,300-square-foot center for the early child care education program would take the place of a portable that houses the classes and working preschool. Estimated cost: $700,000.
• A 3,000-square-foot "stagecraft" area adjacent to the theater building across Mariner Boulevard would give students a workshop to build sets and storage areas performances. Students now use the workshop on the main campus and haul sets to the theater. Estimated cost: $550,000.
• A two-story, 8,800-square-foot addition to the media center, which Duval said fails to meet students' needs in terms of size, number of volumes and technology. The television and digital production studio, currently housed in a former art classroom, would also be here. Estimated cost: $1.6 million.
The presentation for the School Board shows all the projects in two phases. But Duval said she will offer a plan that breaks down into five components.
"We don't want $25 million all at one time," said Clifford Davenport, a physical science teacher who has worked at Springstead for 18 years and helped develop the plan. "We'd like to see a sequential tackling of the problem."
• • •
The budget picture does not look good for any major construction projects in the foreseeable future, district chief financial officer Desiree Henegar said.
The district gets less ad valorem money for capital projects after a recent change to state law, and property values have plummeted, Henegar said. The projected $15 million in property tax revenue for capital is already dedicated to debt service on existing construction loans, leases, school maintenance and other costs, she said. The district has just about maximized its borrowing ability.
"I know where Mrs. Duval is coming from, but the money is not there," Henegar said. "We're not capital rich anymore."
Springstead has not been given short shrift in capital projects, Henegar noted. The district has spent about $14.4 million in the last few years for a new cafeteria, classroom space and other renovations.
Still, dedicating more dollars to Springstead would help bring parity among the district's high schools, Duval said.
"We've sat by pretty patiently making do with what we have," she said. "From our perspective, it's our turn. The potential return on these investments would be tenfold in terms of opportunities for kids, and that is what this is all about."
Tony Marrero can be reached at email@example.com or (352) 848-1431.
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Fourth-year accounting major Flora Jin remembers walking along Marine Drive on the way to Wreck Beach in March — around when UBC had just switched courses online to support COVID-19 physical distancing.
Concern around the pandemic hadn’t yet reached fever pitch, so no one wore a mask except for her. But for Jin, a Chinese international student, the walk made her feel like an outcast.
“As the only one who was wearing a mask, and being Asian … I just feel like a lot of people were staring at me and tried to walk past me or keep a distance from me,” she said. “And that was really awkward for me, to walk among people who [were] not wearing a mask and just staring at me.”
Step outside now and mask-clad faces are more common than not. But what remains the same is the anti-Chinese sentiment that COVID-19 has only exacerbated.
A quick search on the r/UBC subreddit brings up a plethora of discriminatory comments. One commenter questioned why Chinese students are so “egregious” at not integrating with the rest of campus, and another was surprised that BC was not harder hit given the number of Asians who the user said were bringing the disease over.
One Redditor asked point blank: “Is it just my experiences or are some Chinese international students just rude?”
According to the BC Human Rights Tribunal, racism “is a belief that some people are better than other people because they belong to a particular race or ethnic group.” When these Redditors place negative stereotypes on Chinese students, they are perpetuating racial discrimination, even unknowingly.
Similar beliefs have led to increased violence, threats and harassment as the pandemic progresses.
But closer to home, COVID-19 has drawn attention to veiled discrimination on campus against Chinese students, largely fuelled by misconceptions — particularly with Chinese international students, who make up the largest demographic of internationals at UBC.
The university’s 2019 Undergraduate Experience Survey reports that while 90 per cent of white students feel that “students of my race/ethnicity are respected on this campus,” the number drops to 72 per cent for Chinese students.
Associate VP Equity and Inclusion Dr. Sara-Jane Finlay said that this isn’t specific to UBC, but speaks to a broader societal issue: “We live in a culture where whiteness is the norm.”
According to the 2019 AMS Academic Experience Survey, just over a third of all students reported ever experiencing race-based discrimination. But the stat for Chinese students was higher — 50 per cent of Chinese students reported discrimination, and the number rises to 63 per cent for Chinese international students.
Julia Burnham, former AMS VP academic and current student senator, said that she “wouldn’t be surprised” to see an increase of reported instances of discrimination in 2020 survey results given international conflicts affecting Chinese students on campus — like the Hong Kong protests or the COVID-19 pandemic.
“There’s a need to recognize that all of this fear and anxiety around coronavirus is being unduly placed on Chinese people,” said Burnham.
Dr. Benjamin Cheung, lecturer in the department of psychology, said he has not had any students approach him about racial discrimination from fellow classmates as of late. Still, he recounts a story of one of his students — a Chinese international student— who was walking in west campus when a passerby yelled at her to go back to China.
“Absolutely, this can manifest really anywhere that you have intercultural interactions with each other — which is literally everywhere on campus,” said Cheung.
Online, Chinese students are fighting back. Nick Pang, pharmacy student and student senator in his fifth year at UBC, posted a selfie wearing a mask with #HATEISAVIRUS written on it. The photo is part of a trend to raise awareness about anti-Asian racism during the pandemic, especially those who brave both discrimination and health risks while working in essential services.
UBC prides itself on being an international university with a diverse student population, but especially under the veil of internet anonymity, prejudice from the greater community still exists. Pang said the surge in racist incidents isn’t indicative of anything new, but rather has given pre-existing anti-Asian sentiment an outlet.
“It revealed some people’s deep, dark secrets that they’ve always had,” said Pang.
Take the Lennon Wall in the Nest, where students are welcome to post sticky notes in solidarity with Hong Kong activists. Before the AMS closed the Nest in mid-March, someone had written messages blaming China for the novel coronavirus, which was incorrectly referred to as the “Wuhan virus.”
UBC The Enlightenment of HK’s Phoenix Au-Yeung, a member of the group behind forming the wall, suspects that the messages were a response to the Chinese government’s silencing of coronavirus whistleblower Dr. Li Wenliang. When non-geographic alternatives like ‘COVID-19’ and ‘coronavirus’ exist, calling the bug the ‘Wuhan’ or ‘China virus’ associates Chinese people and those who look like them with the disease, leaving them vulnerable to discrimination based on appearance, said Cheung.
“It spreads from just calling it the place of origin to generalizing it to everyone who has any sort of perceived attachment to that term. So it no longer becomes the China virus as a virus that happened in China, but rather it’s a virus that comes from China and Chinese-looking people,” he said.
“And I think that’s the biggest danger.”
Beneath the misconceptions
Misconceptions about Chinese international students contribute to cultural divides. Online comments and the Lennon Wall message represent some of the main negative perceptions of Chinese students that exist on campus, and Chinese international students are particularly subject to negative stereotyping.
On average, a domestic arts student pays $5,500 per year in tuition while their international counterpart pays $39,500 — over seven times more. This gap, coupled with the UBC Board of Governors’ 2015 decision to raise international tuition by nearly 50 per cent over the following three years, has added to what Cheung said is the idea that international students are all rich.
That’s far from reality for many internationals like Jin, who has had to work multiple part-time jobs to make ends meet with rent and tuition.
“There’s definitely a lot of perception where you hear, ‘Oh, you’re a Chinese international student. Oh, you pay so much. Oh, you’re rich,’” she said. “But at the same time, I’m not. I’m paying more but then I’m at the same financial level as a lot of other domestic students.”
And when the university relies so heavily on international tuition, forecasted to be $507 million in revenue for 2019/20 without considering the effects of COVID-19 compared to $386 million for domestic, Pang said it’s “counterintuitive” that the university would support them financially.
“If you’re using that to balance your budget sheet, why would you allocate more resources to support that?” he said.
“It minimizes them as this horde of people coming to UBC with all of their money, and just not being real students. And I think that’s really harmful because it almost reduces them to [where] their success isn’t deserved,” said Pang.
Yet another belief about Chinese international students often expressed online is that they tend to stick to themselves and don’t integrate with the others on campus. But for international students adjusting to new cultures, languages and education systems — all while miles away from family and friends — being around other international students, not necessarily even of the same ethnic background, helps with change.
“It’s a matter of comfort, and I think anyone deserves to have that level of comfort wherever they are,” said Cheung.
“We’re not gonna force somebody to participate if that’s not what they want,” added Finlay. “But we do need to make sure that the options are there for people to be able to engage in their studies in the way that best suits them, best supports their learning while they’re at UBC.”
Changing the culture
Racial discrimination on campus is governed by Policy SC7, which outlines what constitutes discrimination and the investigation process following a complaint. But in the case of online comments where there is no one to investigate, or when the person facing discrimination does not want an investigation, what can the policy do?
Finlay said the university understands that not everyone may wish to launch an investigation, and for those, there is a “full suite” of alternatives to resolve issues such as mediation or conflict resolution.
Despite this, Burnham said that the “complaints-driven” nature of the policy hampers its ability to shift a broader culture of discrimination.
“They are reactive by nature because they are only really enacted when someone comes forward with a complaint of discrimination … It’s tricky to have that be catch-all for all the instances of discrimination on campus.”
That’s where the Inclusion Action Plan (IAP) comes in. It’s UBC’s 2019 strategy to improve inclusivity and is a part of the university’s 10-year plan, Shaping UBC’s Next Century, which aims to improve inclusion on a systemic level, including hiring, academics and university decision-making.
“The kind of culture change that it speaks to and the kind of embedding of equity and inclusion into policies, processes, programs — that’s a long-term strategy,” Finlay said.
Questions remain over how this will affect students as departments are at liberty to implement the plan how they see fit for their unit, but Finlay said the flexibility allows for units to consider what they can tangibly do. Units will also report progress annually to the Equity & Inclusion Office.
But in the meantime, Pang stresses the need for culturally sensitive supports for international students. A former residence advisor, he recalls the difficulty of communicating the resources he could provide through residence life to students who were new.
“That idea of knowing everyone on your floor, being really close to your RA is a very Western philosophy.”
As the pandemic stretches norms and reveals racial tensions on campus, empathy is more important than ever.
“What if the virus started in your country, and it’s your country against the world? Your own nationality against the whole world, how would you think about that?” said Jin.
“It’s not one country against each other — it’s the world against the virus.”
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<urn:uuid:ae6fcf2e-9815-47da-96e0-8c7f9fcb3a62>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.ubyssey.ca/features/anti-Chinese-sentiments-at-UBC/
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en
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Credit insurance gives your business room to grow safely. You can thrive, your staff remain motivated, and you are more confident about the future. But growth also carries risks. Like the risk of your clients not honoring their accounts.
Let’s look at how Business Credit insurance helps ensure that this risk does not threaten your business.
What is Business Credit Insurance?
Business credit insurance, also called credit insurance or export credit insurance, is a form of insurance that transfers risk to businesses that want to protect their accounts receivable from default.
How does Business Credit Insurance work?
The seller files a claim for the buyer’s outstanding debit balance (AR). To settle the claim, the insurer confirms the buyer’s outstanding debt, and takes steps to collect the debt (including legal action if necessary). In exchange for the seller assigning his interest to the insurer, the insurer pays the seller.
How is Business Credit Insurance priced?
It depends on the insurer and if the protection is for one or more buyers. The premium is generally calculated by:
for multiple buyers, it is a quoted rate × estimated volume of $ of insured sales per year, or for a single buyer, it is a listed rate (one rate per year) × $ balance of accounts receivable to cover. (ie comparable to a loan).
Who are the insurers in the commercial credit insurance market?
Credit Eureka partners with more than 25 high-quality insurers around the world, each with different geographic capabilities, industry knowledge, and pricing.
What Is the Importance of Business Credit Insurance?
Business credit insurance policies are designed to meet your needs and offer a number of key benefits:
Businesses with business credit insurance can increase their sales by offering customers and prospects more favorable credit terms and eliminating the need for expensive letters of credit.
Access to new markets
Commercial credit insurers protect against unique export risks by providing companies with the market knowledge necessary to make informed decisions in foreign markets.
With regard to sales on credit, business credit insurance protects organizations against the risk of default or insolvency of a customer.
Cash flow reduction
Business credit insurance provides cash flow relief when a company’s clients become insolvent or do not pay their bills on time. Losses can be offset, allowing the business to maintain its cash flow.
Reduce the risk of concentration
Business credit insurance reduces risks for businesses whose earnings depend on a select number of customers.
Business credit insurers provide businesses with access to professional business credit analysts who can share best practices with a business’s credit department.
Business credit insurance provides access to profitable collection services.
Facilitate bank financing
Banks generally offer more favorable credit terms to companies that insure their accounts receivable.
Business credit insurance also provides access to professional portfolio monitors that track clients’ ability to meet their financial obligations to the insured company.
What companies benefit from credit insurance?
Whether you’re a local start-up or a global investor new to the UAE, businesses of all sizes, across a wide variety of industries, can take advantage of credit insurance. In essence, any business that sells goods or services and/or provides credit to customers is the best candidate for credit insurance.
While all businesses operating in high-risk industries will benefit from credit insurance, some industries, such as mining, energy, metals, and automotive, will benefit more from business credit insurance.
When deciding whether your business will benefit from credit insurance, consider whether the total amount of your debtors is enough to damage your products, services, or your business in general.
The last thing you want to do is wait until your bills are unpaid to buy credit insurance. At this point, it may be too late or they may end up paying higher rates due to increased risk.
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<urn:uuid:8166e710-f616-43a4-9d58-321a37189a94>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://kiiky.com/wealth/importance-of-business-credit-insurance/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00072.warc.gz
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en
| 0.941753
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Surface and wetting properties of embiopteran (webspinner) nanofiber silk
American Chemical Society
Insects of the order Embioptera, known as embiopterans, embiids, or webspinners, weave silk fibers together into sheets to make shelters called galleries. In this study, we show that silk galleries produced by the embiopteran Antipaluria urichi exhibit a highly hydrophobic wetting state with high water adhesion macroscopically equivalent to the rose petal effect. Specifically, the silk sheets have advancing contact angles above 150°, but receding contact angle approaching 0°. The silk sheets consist of layered fiber bundles with single strands spaced by microscale gaps. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) images of silk treated with organic solvent and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the organic extract support the presence of a lipid outer layer on the silk fibers. We use cryogenic SEM to demonstrate that water drops reside on only the first layer of the silk fibers. The area fraction of this sparse outer silk layers is 0.1 to 0.3, which according to the Cassie-Baxter equation yields an effective static contact angle of ∼130° even for a mildly hydrophobic lipid coating. Using high magnification optical imaging of the three phase contact line of a water droplet receding from the silk sheet, we show that the high adhesion of the drop stems from water pinning along bundles of multiple silk fibers. The bundles likely form when the drop contact line is pinned on individual fibers and pulls them together as it recedes. The dynamic reorganization of the silk sheets during the droplet movement leads to formation of "super-pinning sites" that give embiopteran silk one of the strongest adhesions to water of any natural hydrophobic surface.
Osborn Popp, T. M. (ASU*), J. B. Addison, J.S. Jordan (ASU*), V. G. Damle, K. Rykaczewski, S. L. Y.
Chang, G. Y. Stokes, J. S. Edgerly, J. L. Yarger. 2016. Surface and wetting properties of embiopteran
(webspinner) nanofiber silk. Langmuir.
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<urn:uuid:a32286e4-f847-479c-8273-8b90e5f22f44>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/bio/61/
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en
| 0.836496
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|
Extension Agent: New cattle traceability rules go into effect Jan. 1
By Peter J. McGuill
Nov. 13, 2012 at 5:13 a.m.
New rules regarding cattle traceability will go into effect Jan. 1. According to a press release provided by the Texas Animal Health Commission, "All sexually intact cattle, parturient or post-parturient or 18 months of age and older changing ownership must be officially identified with commission-approved permanent identification."
This new regulation has been established as a result of the commission changes on brucellosis testing. Until summer 2011, all adult cattle were required to be tested for brucellosis at the time of change in ownership and were officially identified automatically at that time.
As a result of the permanent suspension of the brucellosis testing requirement, these new requirements for animal identification have been established to provide for effective traceability in the event of a disease investigation.
According to the commission, 30 brucellosis reactors, more than 300 bovine trichomoniasis-affected bulls and 22 bovine tuberculosis cases have been investigated by the commission to date in 2012. The ability to effectively investigate and mitigate the effects of serious disease outbreaks in a rapid manner is difficult without some type of animal identification.
The commission website, tahc.state.tx.us, lists the acceptable identification devices/methods. The most commonly used devices include U.S. Department of Agriculture metal tags, brucellosis calfhood vaccination tags, U.S. origin 840 series Radio Frequency Identification tags and breed registration tattoos or firebrands. the commission encourages producers to contact their veterinarian or the commission to determine which method of tagging will be best for their operation.
Identification of cattle at change of ownership is nothing new to the industry. Longstanding regulations on identification were coupled with the brucellosis testing requirements in Texas. Although testing is no longer required, the identification rules remain in effect.
The majority of cattle in Texas change ownership through a local livestock auction or commission company. Many of these sales facilities have indicated that they will continue to tag cattle to meet the identification requirements for their customers prior to them selling.
However, these sales facilities are not obligated to provide this service. Therefore, it is recommended that you communicate with the sales facility of your choosing to determine if this service will be provided or if cattle must be identified prior to arrival at the sale.
Texas A&M AgriLife Extension has agreed to assist cattle producers by partnering with the commission to make available free U.S. Department of Agriculture metal tags provided by the commission to producers wishing to use them. The tags may be obtained by contacting local commission field staff and USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services representatives or the County Extension Office. Producers may also locate the closest tag distributor online at tahc.state.tx.us.
According to the most recent National Agricultural Statistic Service data, there are an estimated 33,000 head of beef cattle in Victoria County with an estimated economic value of more than $32 million.
For more information on animal identification requirements, contact the TAHC Traceability Team at 1-800-550-8242, Ext. 733 or the Victoria County Extension Office at 361-575-4581.
Peter J. McGuill is the Victoria County extension agent - ag and natural resources. Contact him at 361-575-4581 or firstname.lastname@example.org.
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An app that has captivated Generation Z with the ability to create and share videos has been dragged into the US-China power struggle, becoming its latest flashpoint.
The current social media darling, TikTok, boasts 800 million active users. Reports value it at up to US$50 billion (S$68.4 billion). Considering that its Beijing-based app maker launched it worldwide only two years ago, that represents huge growth. Contrast that to the 14-year-old Twitter: “only” 330 million users and worth a “mere” US$35 billion.
Twitter’s most famous user, United States President Donald Trump, has now declared war on TikTok. This follows hard on the heels of US actions against other Chinese technology companies, most notably Huawei and ZTE in 2018.
Firing the opening salvo on July 7, the US announced that it was considering banning TikTok. Various government departments and the US armed forces barred their employees from even downloading TikTok. On Aug 6, Trump issued an executive order prohibiting “transactions” with TikTok, which includes transferring data to and from the app, and made it illegal for Apple and Google to offer the app in their stores. On Sept 27, a US district judge temporarily blocked that executive order.
Meanwhile, Trump has been pressing for TikTok to be sold to a US company, under the pain of US market exclusion: in effect, the US government was conducting a hostile takeover of a Chinese technology giant. His efforts resulted in a consortium, led by Oracle and Walmart, making a deal for a 20 per cent share of TikTok’s international operations. In the space of a few months, through executive fiat, US companies are on the brink of acquiring a substantial stake in one of China’s tech giants. It is a windfall for Oracle’s Larry Ellison, who also happens to be a huge Trump supporter.
That US-China battle will drag on. Meanwhile, for the rest of us, there are three larger issues to grapple with.
Social media apps are consensual spyware
The first issue concerns social media and national security.
Social media is, at its heart, a system of collecting and monetising personal data. Instead of money, users pay for the service with the currency of the digital age: personal data such as purchasing habits, political views, and preferences ranging from food to fashion. That data is then sold or used, often with consent of all users.
Is TikTok particularly nefarious? Early on, researchers found that it had sniffed data from the clipboard every few keystrokes, which can contain sensitive information such as passwords. TikTok says it was an anti-spam feature, which it later removed. But US apps have also fallen short of expected behaviour: Facebook, for instance, was caught stealing location information last year, even when users had explicitly opted out of such tracking.
Viewed in that light, TikTok is probably no better or worse than any other social media app. Most, if not all apps use our data with no transparency, no oversight and no legislation. And any government, including their intelligence agencies, can easily buy such data.
The US argument against TikTok is this: it is a Chinese app. The concern is that it shares – or could be compelled to share – users’ data with the Chinese government, which has wide-ranging legal powers to compel Mainland-based companies to hand over data on demand.
The US, on the other hand, contends that it does not have the same sweeping powers. That is dubious. Famously in 2015, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) requested Apple to unlock an iPhone recovered from a gunman. Apple resisted, and the case went to court. The FBI then dropped the request before the case could be ruled on, because it managed to unlock the iPhone through different means. However, the FBI’s position was that it had the legal right to make the request. Legal scholars still debate whether a technology company has the right to resist a similar request from a US government agency such as Homeland Security, the Central Intelligence Agency or any state security apparatus.
The point really is this: no compelling evidence exists proving that TikTok is a national security risk. The situation brings to mind US actions against Huawei and ZTE, where no consensus prevails that those companies represented a threat to the US.
Beijing led the way in banning US apps
The second issue concerns banning technology.
Before the Internet, governments controlled newspapers, TV broadcasters and radio stations, easily allowing them to shape public opinion. But social media has democratised thought leadership, with the state surrendering control of mindshare to celebrities and influencers.
Many governments clamped down, most notably China. Behind the Great Firewall of China, you cannot access anything foreign, such as Google, YouTube, Facebook, Wikipedia, Netflix, Instagram, Twitch, Twitter or WhatsApp. Beijing has even blocked Zoom.
Internet censorship is consistent with China’s philosophy, encapsulated in Deng Xiaoping’s well-known maxim: “If you open a window for fresh air, you have to expect some flies to blow in.” To the Communist Party of China, information freedom brings many harmful ideologies.
But China has recognised social media’s utility, and created its own versions. WeChat replaces Facebook, Weibo takes the place of Twitter, and QQ fulfils the role of WhatsApp. Even Tinder has a Chinese counterpart: Momo.
While Beijing banned US technology companies from Chinese cyberspace, previous US administrations were willing to tolerate restricted access as part of doing business with China, where it benefits from the country’s economic growth in other markets.
And while American apps were more popular globally, this policy worked well for the US. TikTok is the first Chinese app to threaten this supremacy. TikTok’s user base is more than double that of Snapchat’s 300 million and is fast catching up to Instagram’s one billion.
The current US administration also tends to see things differently: if Beijing bans US technology, Washington will ban Chinese technology. When considering US actions against TikTok, Huawei or ZTE, should we put aside notions of national security, censorship and statements of high moral purpose, and see this as an old-fashioned trade war and power play?
Singapore’s role in this geopolitical conflict
The third issue is us: the users and citizens.
The US-China trade war is a sidebar to the growing story of data weaponisation. For the first time in human history, governments and multinationals are locked in a titanic struggle over our spending, time and opinions. Who can the citizen look to, for protection?
The usual answer is: the law. But that may not be enough.
Technology companies employ Silicon Valley’s and Zhongguancun’s best to maximise the use of our data. They can launch and iterate business models and products to market quickly.
Governments, however, do not work like that. Laws are proposed, debated, and passed only after new technology has revealed fresh problems. The legislative process can take years, by which time the harm it has sought to address may have morphed into something completely different.
So, in this brave new world, citizens cannot depend solely on governments. We must assume individual responsibility. If we install an app, we must think about what information it wants to access and whether we are comfortable with that.
It is not a quandary over which mobile users lose much sleep because of the app’s sheer convenience. That needs to change. Just as the human race has developed a healthy suspicion of politicians, so we must now learn to be sceptical of social media.
It is in this context that we look at TikTok’s owner, ByteDance. It is reportedly looking to establish a beachhead in Singapore, investing billions and recruiting hundreds. Insiders also say that ByteDance has applied for a digital bank licence here.
As Trump continues to wage war on Chinese tech companies, some of them will likely need to relocate from the Mainland. Singapore, an English-speaking international city-state, with excellent infrastructure and close links to all of Asia and the US, is an ideal choice.
But even as we celebrate this, Singapore must continue to balance its relationships with the two superpowers.
Beyond the geopolitical sensitivities, Singapore needs to ready itself for the bombardment that having the world’s greatest technology companies here will bring. While welcoming social media giants such as Facebook, Google, TikTok and WeChat, we will need to avoid the ills that come with social media.
So far, our answer has been to pass laws to control social media usage, such as the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act. But even the most sharply honed laws are but blunt instruments. Regulators and legislators will have the unenviable task of balancing the duty to protect citizens with the equally crucial need to attract more Facebooks and TikToks to our shore.
The better way must be for us to evolve as a society. Used appropriately, social media connects people and enriches lives. We must use social media sensibly and, as customers, demand change where our rights are infringed. We must stop being triggered by the slightest thing, which makes us easy prey for algorithms to detect and influence. We must discern fake from real, so that we cannot be manipulated.
In short, it is time to defuse this ticking time bomb.
A version of this article ran in the Business Times on 3 October 2020 under the same headline.
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The X-ray properties of the magnetic cataclysmic variable UU Columbae
de Martino, D., Matt, Giorgio, Mukai, K., Bonnet-Bidaud, Jean-Marc, Burwitz, V., Gaensicke, B. T. (Boris T.), Haberl, F. and Mouchet, M.. (2006) The X-ray properties of the magnetic cataclysmic variable UU Columbae. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 454 (1). pp. 287-294. ISSN 0004-6361Full text not available from this repository.
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065078
Aims. XMM-Newton observations to determine for the first time the broad-band X-ray properties of the faint, high galactic latitude intermediate polar UUCol are presented.
Methods. We performed X-ray timing analysis in different energy ranges of the EPIC cameras, which reveals the dominance of the 863 s white dwarf rotational period. The spin pulse is strongly energy dependent. Weak variabilities at the beat 935 s and at the 3.5 h orbital periods are also observed, but the orbital modulation is detected only below 0.5 keV. Simultaneous UV and optical photometry shows that the spin pulse is anti-phased with respect to the hard X-rays. Analysis of the EPIC and RGS spectra reveals the complexity of the X-ray emission, which is composed of a soft 50 eV black-body component and two optically thin emission components at 0.2 keV and 11 keV strongly absorbed by dense material with an equivalent hydrogen column density of 10(23) cm(-2) that partially (50%) covers the X-ray source.
Results. The complex X-ray and UV/optical temporal behaviour indicates that accretion occurs predominantly (similar to 80%) via a disc with a partial contribution (similar to 20%) directly from the stream. The main accreting pole dominates at high energies whilst the secondary pole mainly contributes in the soft X-rays and at lower energies. The bolometric flux ratio of the soft-to-hard X-ray emissions is found to be consistent with the prediction of the standard accretion shock model. We find the white dwarf in UUCol accretes at a low rate and possesses a low magnetic moment. It is therefore unlikely that UUCol will evolve into a moderate field strength polar, so that the soft X-ray intermediate polars still remain an enigmatic small group of magnetic cataclysmic variables.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QB Astronomy|
|Divisions:||Faculty of Science > Physics|
|Journal or Publication Title:||Astronomy & Astrophysics|
|Official Date:||4 July 2006|
|Number of Pages:||8|
|Page Range:||pp. 287-294|
|Access rights to Published version:||Open Access|
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International Ultraviolet Association Sponsors Workshop on Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) in Dulles, Virginia
Washington, DC, April 17, 2014 --(PR.com
)-- The International Ultraviolet Association (IUVA) will host a Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) Workshop on April 24, 2014 at the Aerobiology Laboratory Associates Inc., 43760 Trade Center Pl. in Dulles, Virginia, from 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Multiple perspectives about UV technology and devices designed to disinfect air and surface pathogens in healthcare facilities will be presented. Registration is open and available online.
HAIs are infections that develop as result of medical care. The infection may occur in a hospital, outpatient surgery center, nursing care facility, rehabilitation facility or while receiving wound care. In order to develop an infection while receiving these services, bacteria must enter your body. This can happen in many ways: through a wound, a device such as a catheter, or even by way of the lungs.
UV applications have been used in hospital and healthcare settings for many years to decontaminate rooms of contagions such as bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Today, UV devices are being effectively implemented to decontaminate surface and air of new and emerging pathogens, many which are impervious to antibiotics. UV disinfection can be cost effective and easy to maintain, making the healthcare environment safer for patients, staff and visitors.
Workshops will include presentations by healthcare professionals and industry leaders who make UV technology specifically for disinfection of healthcare facilities. Highlights of the full day workshop will include: a presentation by Susan D. Moeslein, RN, MSA, CIC, Infection Prevention Nurse Manager from Riverside Regional Medical Center, who will discuss ‘Tales from the Trenches: How Our Facility Implemented and Evaluated UV Technology to Reduce MDROs and Cdiff.” George J. Lichtblau, Chairman and CEO of Spectra254 will speak about “Methods of Generating UVC Used to Kill Pathogens in Hospitals” and Peter Gordon, Managing Partner of Germgard Lighting LLC will talk about “Hand Disinfection Using UVC.”
At the end of the day, Suzanne S. Blevins, B.S., SM(ASCP), Principal/Lab Director for Aerobiology Laboratory Associates, Inc. will speak on the topic of “Test Bed Opportunities.”
Register online for the Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) Workshop.
IUVA’s mission is to advance the science, engineering and applications of ultraviolet technologies to enhance the quality of human life and to protect the environment. Founded in 1999, it is a 501(c)3 educational association of more than 500 members in 35 countries. Visit www.iuva.org.
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Jack Andraka is a 16-year-old who won last year's Intel science fair for developing a simple cancer detection test. His brother Luke, 18, is a two-time Intel competition finalist and MIT Think Award winner.
It boils down to one central tenet: Teach your kids to think through problems and innovate solutions on their own.
The Andrakas offer a lot of smart advice about raising kids who think independently in their interview with Nosta, which can be found here.
Here are a couple of practical takeaways from the interview:
Encourage your kids to focus on a single project: "When you focus just on a specific goal or problem and ‘wrap your head around the goal’ it opens up all kinds of creativity and problem solving," the Andrakas said.
Don't have too many rules: Rules can kill creativity, so the Andrakas keep it simple: "Treat people with respect, do your homework, be honest and try to be safe."
Set expectations early: The Andrakas have set the expectation that their kids would attend college since they were in elementary school.
Be proactive: Don't wait for opportunities for your kids to appear — seek out extracurriculars and higher level competitions that the school might not even know about.
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The CIA has been operating a "covert global prison system that has included sites in eight countries and was set up after the September 11, 2001, attacks." Reuters. This "hidden global internment network is a central element in the CIA's unconventional war on terrorism. It depends on the cooperation of foreign intelligence services, and on keeping even basic information about the system secret from the public, foreign officials and nearly all members of Congress charged with overseeing the CIA's covert actions." Washington Post (registration required).
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On our Destino Summer Mission to the Dominican Republic this year, our theme verse was Ephesians 2:10, which says “For we are Gods workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to.” We spent a lot of time unpacking just what it means to be “God’s workmanship” (or “masterpiece” as some translations say) and also what it means that He has good works already prepared for us to do. How beautiful is the truth that we are created uniquely like a work of art, and that we are created for a purpose.
It was really fun to be a leader on a trip like this because I got to know a lot of the students on a deeper level and see how God has made them unique. I was able to learn about their struggles and the ways in which they are broken but I also got to see the ways in which God has made them in His image. I began to see them as a work of art.
“For we are Gods workmanship,
created in Christ Jesus to do good works,
which God prepared in advance for us to.”
As a way to tell you more about our mission, I want to do a series of posts that explain some of the ways that I saw the different students on our project display aspects of God’s character. As a part of this, I also want to tell you about ways I can see God’s character in Latino cultures. So often, if we don’t know a culture very well, it’s easy to see only the bad things, or only the things that are hard for us to understand. So I want to help you see our students from our perspective, so that you can see some of the ways God has uniquely gifted them in their culture.
I hope you enjoy and that you join us in worshipping the God who made all of us as a masterpiece and prepared good works in advance for us to do!
Casey is on staff with Destino in St. Louis, MO. Originally posted on her blog.
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Where does the and come from, how was it computed?
How much does future growth influence the planning and development of new roads?
Why design roads for use today when the road won’t be built until next year?
How is weather addressed in design?
How do you adjust for trucks and buses and recreational vehicles (rvs) when computing the heavy vehicle factor? Are trucks, buses, and rvs considered passenger vehicles? Do heavy vehicle factors vary greatly? Is there a set number? What is a passenger car equivalent? What type of vehicles are subject to
What is level of service? What are the different levels? Describe LOS F.
Why are there adjustment factors when computing service flow? What are they?
How do freeways differ from other roads? What do we mean when we model a freeway as a pipeline?
What is the trade-off when we narrow or widen a lane? Why is 12’ ideal?
What is the assumed population adjustment factor
Name some “ideal conditions” for use in freeway section LOS analysis
How do you compute maximum service flow? How does affect MSF?
Explain the hierarchy of roads
At what LOS does ) = 1
How does the number of lanes affect capacity? Why is this non-linear? (If I go from 1 lane to two lanes does the capacity double, more than double, or less than double?)
Is MSF computed with ideal or non-ideal conditions?
What are parameters in designing for LOS?
What is lane width in ideal conditions
What is pcphpl
What is the “ideal” number of freeway lanes?
What is the percent of heavy vehicles in ideal conditions?
Why does the grade of the terrain affect non-passenger vehicles
Would oncoming vehicles be considered lateral obstacles?
What is the idea of "design year"?
In the interest / growth rate equation, what is principal?
Why is the 30th highest hour used (not the 40th, not the 20th)?
Describe the differences between rural 2 lane highways and freeways. Why do freeways have a higher capacity? What is the maximum of each?
What is the design hour factor, how does it differ from the peak hour factor? What method is used to determine the hourly volume as a share of AADT (K)? Where is it used?
What assumptions need to be made about 2-lane rural roads. How are these different than analysis of freeway sections?
What are the two levels of analysis for two-lane rural highways
What is the directional split on rural highways? Why do we assume 60/40 directional split for rural highway planning, why not 50/50?
How accurate are the growth rates? Compare them to more sophisticated planning models developed at the beginning of the semester
What is the difference between the SF equation for two lane roads and freeways.
How is capacity found?
Where does the v/c factor come from when evaluating rural highways
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Explaining the riddle
The man who has called himself “a blank screen” is about to take centre-stage
EIGHT YEARS ago Barack Obama was thoroughly humiliated at the Democratic Convention in Los Angeles. He had recently lost a congressional primary in Chicago, and both his political and personal bank accounts were empty. The rental car company rejected his credit card. He failed to get hold of a floor pass and ended up watching the proceedings on a big screen in a car park. He returned home with his tail between his legs before the week was out—and left the celebrations to the people who mattered, not least the Clintons, who took every chance to seize the limelight from the Gores.
This year Mr Obama is the Democratic convention. The Pepsi Centre in Denver will be chock-a-block with people cheering about “hope” and “change”. On August 28th Mr Obama will deliver his acceptance speech at a local football stadium, Invesco Field, before an audience of more than 70,000. The man who could not get a floor pass in Los Angeles has a better than even chance of winning the presidential election in November—the current Intrade market odds are running 61 to 38 in his favour—and thereby becoming America's first non-white president.
Mr Obama has gripped America's imagination, and indeed the world's, like nobody since the last Democratic senator to win the presidency, John Kennedy. Across the country, from freezing Iowa to hotter-than-hell Nevada, huge armies of Americans have queued for hours to listen to his speeches. Few have been disappointed. Mr Obama looks too frail to bear the weight of all the expectations that have been loaded upon him—like a gangly graduate student rather than a political titan. But “frailty” is the last word that comes to mind when you see him in action. One conservative compared his reaction to seeing Obama on stage to that of the hero of “Jaws” when he sees the monstrous shark—“We're gonna need a bigger boat.”
Obamamania has inevitably produced a backlash: anti-Obama books are currently riding high in the New York Times bestseller list. But his achievement remains extraordinary. George Bush was the son of a president and grandson of a senator. Mr Obama is the son of a Kenyan student who abandoned young Barack when he was only two. Mr Obama enjoyed a career which puts his born-in-the-purple predecessor to shame: he was the first black president of the Harvard Law Review, the author of two good, if narcissistic, books (which, breaking the political mould, he wrote himself) and a senator by his mid-40s. He has thriven in post-September-11th America despite the fact that his father was a nominal Muslim and his middle name is Hussein.
Mr Obama seized his party's nomination from the most powerful machine in Democratic politics: a machine created by the first two-term Democratic president since FDR and inherited by a woman who combined the clout of an insider with the promise of becoming the first female president in American history. (Women make up more than 50% of the population, blacks are a mere 12%.) Mr Obama's supporters argue that he demonstrated both judgment and character in coming out against the hugely popular Iraq invasion. He predicted that the war would be “of undetermined length, at undetermined cost, with undetermined consequences”. They also argue that his magnetic appeal to young people offers his party the chance to win over an entire generation, much as Ronald Reagan did in the 1980s.
Mr Obama thus represents extraordinary opportunities for the Democratic Party; but there are huge risks, too. He lost a succession of big swing states, including Pennsylvania and Ohio, during the primaries. Some of the most important swing groups in the country remain deeply suspicious of his arugula-flavoured politics. Exit polls show that in the primary season Mr Obama won only about a third of Latinos, Catholics, whites without college degrees and whites over 60. This is doubly worrying for Democrats given the appeal of his Republican rival, John McCain, to independents, blue-collar types and older folk. Many Americans remain to be persuaded, and are still full of questions.
Who is Barack Obama? The best clues to that riddle can be gleaned from his two volumes of autobiography. He spent the first half of his life in search of a stable identity. He looked “black”. But he was the son of a white mother from Kansas and an African, rather than an African-American, father from Kenya. He spent four years in Indonesia, where he attended local schools (including a Muslim one) and ate local delicacies such as dog, grasshopper and snake, on which his stepfather fed him. He eventually ended up living with his white grandparents in Hawaii.
The young Obama flirted with the “blackness” of the inner-city, growing an Afro, skimping on school work and experimenting with marijuana and a little cocaine. But he eventually pulled himself together and joined the American meritocracy, attending Occidental College, Columbia University and, later, Harvard Law School.
Mr Obama found the answer to his search for identity in black Chicago. He started his career as a “community organiser” on Chicago's South Side, the largest black community in the country. He joined one of the city's most prominent black churches, Trinity United, and abandoned his youthful agnosticism in favour of Christianity (Trinity's Afrocentric bent, with its African visitors and women dressed in African robes, may have particularly appealed to the son of an African). He married a black woman with deep roots on the South Side, and had his two daughters baptised at Trinity.
The rootless cosmopolitan now had roots for the first time in his life. But Mr Obama was determined not to be trapped by black politics. This was partly a matter of generational change. Mr Obama is part of a new wave of black politicians such as Michael Nutter, the mayor of Philadelphia, and Deval Patrick, the governor of Massachusetts, who have embraced post-racial politics. But it was also a matter of raw ambition. “He's always wanted to be president,” admits Valerie Jarrett, one of his closest advisers. Mr Obama realised that his post-racial identity was a golden ticket to the White House.
Personality partly explains how he has risen so far, so fast. But he has also enjoyed a charmed political career. His Republican opponent for the Illinois Senate seat, Jack Ryan, self-destructed when it was revealed that he forced his wife to attend sex clubs “with cages, whips and other apparatus hanging from the ceiling”. Mr Ryan's replacement was one of the standing jokes of American politics, Alan Keyes. “All I had to do was keep my mouth shut”, Mr Obama confessed, “and start planning my swearing-in ceremony.”
There remains a mystery about his politics. David Mundell, his most thorough biographer, refers to his “ingenious lack of specificity”. One Democratic activist has called him “a kind of human Rorschach test”. Mr Obama himself confesses that “I serve as a blank screen on which people of vastly different stripes project their own views. As such, I am bound to disappoint some, if not all, of them.”
So what does Mr Obama stand for? There are two well-rehearsed answers to the first question—one popular with his supporters, one popular with his opponents. Both are wrong.
The pro-Obama answer is that the young senator is a reformer without parallel, a change-maker and mould-breaker. Mr Obama's campaign has been based on the twin promises of “change” and “hope”. The American political system is broken, the argument goes, dominated by special interests, divided by political hacks and disfigured by an unnecessary civil war between “red” (Republican) and “blue” (Democratic) America. Mr Obama promises to dethrone the lobbyists and reach out to people of goodwill, of whatever persuasion, who want to take back control of their country.
The problem with this argument is that Mr Obama has never pursued a serious reform agenda in any job he has held. He eased his way into his first job in politics, as a state senator in Illinois, by using a “petitions guru” to challenge the signatures his rival, Alice Palmer, had obtained to qualify for the ballot, an extraordinary move for a man who had made his name trying to get poor people to vote. He had a see-no-evil attitude to the Chicago political machine, one of the most corrupt in the country. (John Kass, a columnist on the Chicago Tribune, described his record as that of a man who “won't make no waves and won't back no losers”.) He had a disturbingly close relationship with Tony Rezko, a Chicago property magnate who made his career doing favours for politicians who could open doors to real-estate contracts, and who is now in prison. Mr Rezko contributed $250,000 to Mr Obama over his career, and bought a lot next to his house.
How far to the left?
This go-along-to-get-along attitude continued once Mr Obama had made it to the Senate in Washington. He supported the farm bill and the override of the president's veto, despite the fact that the bill sprayed money at agri-business and raised barriers against farmers in the developing world. A raft of pork projects, including Alaska's “bridge to nowhere”, received his support. He used his star power to raise money for his political action committee, Hope Fund, and then disbursed nearly $300,000 to Democrats who might be useful in his election bid. The man who promises to reform America's political system is the first presidential candidate ever to reject public funds for the general election.
The anti-Obama argument is that the Illinois senator is a “stealth liberal”: a man who talks inclusive talk but is bent on advancing hard-core “progressive” policies. Mr Obama is a disciple of Saul Alinsky, an activist who expanded the labour movement's agenda to include a wide range of grievances beyond the workplace. His friends in Chicago included Jeremiah Wright, his long-time pastor, who believes that September 11th represented America's chickens coming home to roost, and Bill Ayers, a former member of the terrorist Weathermen. The National Journal rated Mr Obama as the most liberal senator in 2007, to the left of Barbara Boxer and Ted Kennedy.
This ignores Mr Obama's essential pragmatism. At every stage of his career he has calibrated the balance of political forces and adjusted his behaviour accordingly—embracing big-city liberalism when he was a Chicago politician, moving to the centre when he won his party's presidential nomination. His personal style, too, is conciliatory. Everybody who has worked with him comments on his ability to forge relations with Republicans and conservatives. He prefers compromise and conciliation to confrontation.
Mr Obama's most impressive achievement has been his outmanoeuvring of the mighty Clinton machine. There, too, as in his Senate race, he was greatly helped by outside factors. His ascent was the culmination of a shift in the balance of power in the Democratic Party that began with George McGovern in the late 1960s: the rise of the knowledge elite. Mr Obama's political base lay in what John Judis and Ruy Teixeira have called “ideopolises”—cities such as San Francisco and Madison, Wisconsin, which are rich in academics and professionals. He encountered the stiffest resistance among blue-collar voters in rural Appalachia and in the decaying manufacturing towns of rustbelt America.
His best trump card
Mr Obama's mixed-race ancestry helped to supercharge his liberal base. His hard-core supporters regard him not just as a “change agent” but also as a “transformational figure”—a man who, simply by dint of who he is, can repair America's global image and, more important, make amends for the country's racist past. His ancestry also provided him with the solid support of one of the party's solidest non-elite constituencies, people who have done much of the party's grunt work, black America.
His other trump card has been a talent for organisation. The Obama campaign, directed by David Axelrod (see article), has been the best-run in recent Democratic history, strikingly free of the personality clashes and general chaos that doomed Mrs Clinton's efforts. It also outperformed the seasoned Clinton machine by every possible measure—raising more money, understanding the importance of the caucus states and mastering momentum.
Mr Obama understood from the first the power of the promise of “change” when two-thirds of Americans said the country was heading the wrong way. He made better use of new technology, such as social-networking sites, than any previous candidate. He also struck the perfect balance between central direction and popular enthusiasm—building support from the bottom up but also giving his volunteers clear goals and tough standards.
This will set him in good stead for the November election. Karl Rove, Mr Bush's former strategist-in-chief, has frequently argued that the president mostly owed his re-election in 2004 to the fact that the campaign had recruited 1.4m volunteers. According to Ron Brownstein of the National Journal, the Obama campaign thinks it may be able to turn out four times that number, with local organisations in all 50 states. These volunteers will act both as grass-roots organisers and as “local validators”, working to persuade their friends and neighbours to vote for a man who, in his words, does not look like any of the other presidents on the currency.
What sort of president will Mr Obama make if he wins in November? His preference for avoiding specifics makes it particularly difficult to answer this question. As a senator, he has few legislative achievements to his credit—he has been running for the presidency since arriving in Washington—and no executive experience. But some things are clear. He will have everything going for him. The Democrats are likely to pick up another ten to 20 seats in the House and five to seven in the Senate. The defeated Republican Party will also be torn apart by a civil war over what it stands for and where it should be going. The press will swoon over America's first black president. Much of the rest of the world, particularly the Europeans, will be captivated by the idea of the rebirth of “good America” after the disastrous Bush years.
Illustration by Matt Herring
Mr Obama's talent for organisation suggests that he will create a smooth-working White House. One foreign-policy grandee was struck, in an early meeting with Mr Obama, by his interest in making things run efficiently, and particularly by his concern that the National Security Council should operate more effectively than it did under Condoleezza Rice.
He is also likely to make a virtue of his “reasonableness”, trying to reach out to the opposition and listening, as Mr Bush seldom does, to all sides of the argument. But his propensity for being all things to all men will inevitably produce disappointment. Mr Obama has presented himself as a business-friendly fellow, for example, frequently visiting the funding wells of Silicon Valley and Wall Street. But he will also be massively indebted to a labour movement that has devoted huge resources to getting him elected.
Not least because of inexperience, Mr Obama will probably pursue a cautious foreign policy. Paradoxically, the success of the “surge” in Baghdad, which he adamantly opposed, makes it more likely that he will be able to deliver on one of his central promises, to shift the focus of the “war on terror” from Iraq to Afghanistan and its lawless border with Pakistan. The Obama administration will introduce a revolution in America's attitude to climate change. It will also make a virtue of working through multilateral institutions—something that Mr Bush never regarded as anything more than a necessary evil. But recent events, particularly Russia's invasion of Georgia, suggest that he will spend most of his time swatting away crises and trying to extricate America from Iraq, rather than forging a new foreign-policy doctrine.
On the home front, Mr Obama is likely to devote much of his political capital to health-care reform. He wants to provide near-universal coverage through a combination of expanded government coverage, subsidies for the poor and regulation for companies and insurance providers. He is unlikely to be as hostile to free trade as his NAFTA-bashing rhetoric during the campaign suggested. But his tax plans will redistribute wealth from the rich, who have done fabulously over the past couple of decades; and his combination of expanded government activism and middle-class tax cuts will exacerbate one of America's biggest structural problems, its horrific budget deficit.
An end of dynasties
Whatever happens in November, Mr Obama's candidacy still marks an important turning-point in American history. The upper reaches of American politics have recently begun to look both plutocratic and incestuous: Mr Obama's chief rival for the nomination was the wife of George Bush's predecessor. Post-September-11th America was also gripped by a patriotic frenzy that threatened to degenerate into Muslim-bashing jingoism. Mr Obama is a genuine meritocrat who climbed the greasy pole on the basis of his own grit and determination. He is also the descendant of African Muslims, whose first name means “blessed” in Arabic.
Most of all, Mr Obama is a black man in a country that denied black people the vote as recently as 1964. Across the South, elderly black people who turned up to vote for Mr Obama in the primaries told stories of how they were once denied the vote on manufactured technicalities. Mr Obama will deliver his acceptance speech in Denver on the 45th anniversary of Martin Luther King's “I have a dream” speech. That, in itself, is an extraordinary comment on how far America has come over the past half-century.
This article appeared in the Briefing section of the print edition under the headline "Explaining the riddle"
From the August 23rd 2008 edition
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To start with, take into consideration your zip code. Individuals in large-crime parts will encounter greater fees. Moreover, insurance companies choose targeted visitors volume into account. Also, make sure you don’t have any incidents or promises in your document, as these will raise your rates. Lastly, Understand that you must Examine premiums each and every six months to prevent having to pay much more than you have to. It’s also wise to take into account acquiring a multi-policy price cut if you’ve multiple plan with a particular insurance provider.
Though credit scores are not lawfully employed by insurers in certain states, They are nonetheless essential considerations when comparing automobile insurance coverage costs. In Hawaii, drivers with bad credit rating pays 168% in excess of comparable clean up motorists. In Massachusetts, large-risk drivers pay out 30% a lot more than clear motorists. For brand spanking new motorists, a DUI, speeding ticket, and bad credit will improve prices in excess of others. Make sure to attain some offers before you make a choice.
The zip code you reside in is A significant Consider the cost of insurance. If you reside in a location with large crime and accident charges, it is possible to be expecting to pay for far more for insurance plan quotes. In addition, variables like visitors quantity and accident background can raise the cost of insurance. Most coverage corporations also look into a driver’s driving background to find out what rate they ought to demand for his or her policy. Ordinarily, drivers that has a lousy driving background pay much more for coverage than those that has a thoroughly clean driving history.
Auto insurance has risen by $50 – $a hundred in the last 5 years, as wellness care prices have been rising. Motorists will also be required to have uninsured and PIP insurance policy, which happen to be over-common state needs. Many states only call for liability insurance coverage, but Big apple needs drivers to hold both. These optional coverages improve the price of insurance coverage, and will frequently increase the complete high quality. And finally, motorists ought to check their coverage restrictions, as some insurance policies Have got a decreased minimum quantity of coverage than Other folks.
In Ny, the average human being spends 2.8 % in their money on automobile insurance, which is a bit increased when compared to the nationwide typical of two.forty per cent. Persons of their 30s, 40s, and 50s pays a little lower than the average. The 70+ age team can pay larger rates than motorists with fewer driving practical experience. Those who are married will pay a little bit bigger rates, but still decrease than solitary persons.
Along with decrease costs, drivers may just take defensive driving courses. These lessons are 320 minutes in size, and contain discussions of driver Mind-set and targeted visitors rules. Additionally they educate defensive driving approaches which will radically reduce the cost of insurance plan. They might also support to enhance their driving file, so completing a course can decrease the cost of an auto insurance policies estimate. Nevertheless, if you are Doubtful about the exact coverage you need, it is possible to Check out With all the Insurance coverage Information and facts Institute.
Even though gas prices fluctuate by state, the expense of an automobile insurance policies quote in other states might be better or decreased than your own. Some aspects may well account for this, including The share of uninsured drivers, condition insurance guidelines, and the speed of theft. Also, the incidence of poor weather conditions can modify the expense of insurance coverage in several states. The following desk reveals ordinary car or truck insurance premiums in various states. These estimates are based upon a comparison of state insurance coverage requirements.
Missouri is The most affordable state for whole-coverage vehicle insurance plan, shelling out just $944 less than Louisiana. Additionally, this point out has one among the bottom charges for each capita, and is particularly ranked fifth with regard to cost of dwelling. In contrast, Texas drivers shell out probably the most for his or her automobile insurance policies, spending up to 33% in their once-a-year income in full. This disparity could be because of The point that the state provides a significant amount of uninsured motorists and many lawsuits.
The national common for entire protection vehicle coverage is $1,771 a yr. The state with the costliest coverage quality is Louisiana, using a high quality of $2,839, a 19% improve from 2020. Conversely, Maine’s normal insurance plan quality is only $858. This is because no-fault states have increased insurance policies rates. The cost of a vehicle insurance plan plan in other states can vary significantly. There are many factors to look at, such as your point out’s rules on insurance policies.
When you are seeking substantial-danger driver automobile insurance coverage close to me, you might be wondering ways to get a small-Value policy. Higher-risk motorists shell out larger insurance premiums than common drivers. It’s because they have an inclination to have far more incidents or violations on their own history. Dependant upon the point out, the Restrict may very well be three decades or five years. Sometimes, you will get discounts if you are taking a driver basic safety study course.
Even though the national averages for top-possibility driver auto insurance policy around me are very constant, you will see that premiums change wildly from point out to condition. Some businesses adjust their costs to distinct states, Therefore if you reside in a specific point out, you might find that one insurance company provides you the top protection for any very low cost. The cheapest substantial-threat driver vehicle insurance plan around me originates from Condition Farm, which has a long-standing reputation for offering outstanding assistance.
The easiest method to locate a high-chance driver vehicle insurance coverage in close proximity to me is usually to enter your ZIP code and Review rates. The cost of substantial-hazard motor vehicle insurance coverage in close proximity to me can vary from condition to condition, but most substantial insurers give such coverage. Many of these firms specialize in higher-risk protection, like National Normal. Chances are you’ll even be capable of finding a cheaper plan if you have great grades and also a minimal-threat car or truck.
There are numerous advantages of evaluating car insurance coverage firms. In this article, We’ll talk about many of An important options, like rankings, savings, and customer care. Choosing the greatest policy is essential for your safety and protection, so make an effort to match different guidelines from unique firms. By the point you finish examining this text, you’ll need an idea of which insurer offers the best coverage at the lowest Price tag. Here are some tips to choose the appropriate 1 to suit your needs:
To get the finest level, you ought to Evaluate motor vehicle insurance policy rates from distinct corporations. Insurers use a lot of factors to ascertain the price of coverage. It’s essential to determine your unique wants and compare costs from a number of suppliers. For example, sporting activities vehicles can Expense far more to insure than conventional cars. In addition, your locality and driving background also can have an impact on the charges that you’ll be quoted. By making use of a comparison Resource, you could find the bottom level on the identical protection Together with the exact deductibles.
Insurance policy premiums could vary significantly, so it really is crucial to know how Every coverage is effective. Among the many aspects that have an effect on rates are driving historical past, age, and credit historical past. It’s also possible to Evaluate the perks that each corporation presents, for example roadside assistance or incident forgiveness. While this might seem like a daunting job, it can help to match quotations from diverse providers and select the right a single. Mentioned underneath are a few tips to get you started out.
When it comes to evaluating vehicle insurance policy corporations, it is advisable to get started with the J.D. Power motor vehicle insurance company scores. They are determined by shopper pleasure surveys that study Countless car insurance policies customers nationwide. The effects are compiled into numerical scores that stand for the companies’ regular customer gratification rating. These rankings are posted yearly, and the ideal car or truck insurance plan businesses in Every single group are awarded gold medals. But how Are you aware if the businesses you are thinking about are any superior?
There are numerous methods to evaluate the monetary energy of vehicle insurance plan companies. To begin with, you may Check out the AM Ideal insurance provider ranking, which presents monetary steadiness scores for motor vehicle coverage companies. Whether the auto insurance provider has an A, B, C, or F score, it’s important to know the way stable it is actually ahead of selecting a coverage. This is a crucial facet of customer service, so be sure to go through the reviews and read the great print before you make a decision.
Car insurance policies companies present a variety of discounts. Numerous of those savings might not be readily available for Everybody, so it is vital to check the corporation Web-site to you should definitely qualify for that discounts that use to you. Some organizations offer a number of savings, and It’s also possible to talk to your insurance plan agent Should they be suitable for virtually any individual price reduction. Having said that, the method is a snap and infrequently can take lower than an hour. Underneath are a few samples of attainable motor vehicle insurance policy bargains.
Legacy Bargains: A vehicle insurance provider could supply a reduction to new drivers who purchase their policy via their mothers and fathers’ firm. This low cost is mostly all over ten p.c. This can be one way to thank your mother and father for your company over the years, and it can save you income on your car coverage protection. Many corporations present legacy reductions to youthful drivers, and It is really truly worth checking to view In case your insurance company delivers 1. You can also investigate insurance policies provided by American Relatives, Farmers, or USAA.
Within the coverage sector, There are some organizations that consistently excel at customer support. Esurance, by way of example, scored 4 out of five within the J.D. Electric power rankings for customer care, a significant mark for a corporation whose dad or mum business does not. The corporation scored higher than its competition in all other areas, such as plan choices and prices, along with the quality of assistance supplied by its Call Heart representatives and Site.(personalized services)
The most crucial component of automobile insurance coverage for some individuals is its coverage, but it’s the customer service that matters most. Consumers would like to Make contact with their insurers and receive prompt, courteous support. Which means they would like to receive a reaction for their e-mails and phone phone calls swiftly, and they would like to talk to an agent who’ll hear their considerations and offer you alternatives. When all auto insurance policies firms may supply exceptional customer care, some do accomplish better than Other folks.(rideshare insurance policies)(just a couple clicks)(insurance coverage possibilities)
A variety of things have an effect on the rates of car or truck insurance firms. Driving heritage and age are two main elements. A driver using a weak driving background or a very poor credit score rating may have bigger premiums. Also, the price of living in your neighborhood will have an effect on the rates. This is why, it’s important to compare the premiums of many insurance policy providers to locate the one that may go well with your spending plan and your driving practices. There are many strategies to decrease your premiums, such as reducing coverage or having a defensive driving training course. You may as well opt to pay for a complete year of protection up front.(Monthly bill online)(staff reductions)(at fault incident)(lined incident)
Along with the above mentioned-stated things, all kinds of other matters can increase your high quality. For illustration, for those who’ve not too long ago produced a assert or logged a traffic violation, your insurance service provider will reassess your premiums. Moreover, if you are taking a safe driving course, you may be qualified for a reduction. Insurance policy corporations are regularly tweaking their products to find out the premiums, and you may perhaps observe a change in your rates even if you’ve never adjusted your driving history.(usage based insurance)(rental automobiles)(auto repairs)(Risk-free driver discount)
A car insurance policies Examine is a terrific way to steer clear of disreputable insurance policies suppliers. As an example, reduced quotes from a particular insurance company is usually misleading if the estimate excludes certain protection or would make inaccurate assumptions about your driving profile. By on the lookout up coverage businesses’ rankings plus the A.M. Most effective score, you could find the cheapest insurance policy companies in your area. Examine this informative article to find out how automobile insurance policies compares can help you save dollars. Then, get your offers in the leading businesses and see which one particular is the best for you personally.(accident no cost)
Your credit score-based insurance score is actually a handy indicator of exactly how much possibility you are prone to pose, but you shouldn’t Allow it dictate your costs. The federal governing administration does not allow for insurers to use your credit rating heritage as the sole reason behind a rise in your costs. Nevertheless, states like California, Massachusetts, Oregon, Utah, and Vermont have guidelines set up that limit insurers from applying credit history to determine insurance plan prices.(could conserve)(new motor vehicle)(auto declare)
Having said that, this sort of coverage will not use to each condition, so shoppers haven’t any way to find out if a business is using your score to decide the amount of to demand them. Some states, including California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Michigan, do ban credit rating-based insurance coverage. All kinds of other states also have limits on the usage of credit score-dependent coverage scores. Ultimately, you will need to decide on your own whether or not your credit rating-centered insurance plan score is suitable for you.(bike insurance coverage)(roadside support protection)(bundling vehicle)(have a automobile insurance policies)(pet insurance policy)(real income price)(outstanding promises assistance)(yacht insurance)
Lots of elements affect the price of car insurance bargains, together with age. Age has an effect on your price by over 30 percent, and in some states, a youthful driver can pay Nearly four moments as much as a thirty-year-previous. Inexperience is an additional major factor, as younger young adults are more likely to go into mishaps. By comprehension what variables affect your rates, you are able to negotiate reduce fees for yourself. Stated down below are several of the ways in which age impacts your vehicle insurance policies.
Generally, the younger you happen to be, the reduce your premiums might be. But When you are a person, age does impact the expense of motor vehicle insurance policies. Although younger male motorists fork out below their more mature counterparts, premiums for motorists of their sixties and seventies skyrocket. Statistically, males are two and also a 50 percent instances as prone to be involved in a car crash than Ladies, And so the gender hole decreases with age.(coverage solutions)(homeowners insurance plan)
The reality that a person pays an increased high quality for vehicle coverage than a woman is not totally shocking. Quite a few Adult men make very poor choices even though driving, leading to far more accidents and promises. However, There are several components that make Guys costlier to insure. Here are several of the very best explanation why. Keep reading to find out more about the most well-liked aspects that have an impact on auto insurance plan prices by gender. And when you are still baffled, take into account the following pointers for reducing your rates.(car insurance plan policies)(auto insurance policies quote)(auto insurance price)
The Oregon Division of Financial Regulation has instructed auto insurers to accommodate customers who Will not specify their gender. Discrimination versus non-binary individuals might be grounds for unfair discrimination expenses, and insurers will have to file premiums for anyone drivers beginning in January 2019. These prices could possibly be bigger than All those for male and female motorists. Provided that they’re not extreme, Ladies will be able to get monetary savings. Also, Don’t be concerned concerning the “non-binary” price for young motorists.(car coverage assert)(gap insurance coverage)(vehicle policy)
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In 2010, Google was caught siphoning data from unsecured Wi-Fi networks with its Street View cars. It’s now been almost three years since the practice was first revealed, and Google may have finally tied the last loose string of this affair.
Connecticut Attorney State General George Jepsen announced today that Google has paid out $7 million to settle charges brought against it by the 38 states affected by its Street View Wi-Fi spying. On top of the cash settlement, Google must adhere to a number of agreements:
…engage in a comprehensive employee education program about the privacy or confidentiality of user data; to sponsor a nationwide public service campaign to help educate consumers about securing their wireless networks and protecting personal information; and to continue to secure, and eventually destroy, the data collected and stored by its Street View vehicles nationwide between 2008 and March 2010. Google also collected similar data around the world.
Jepsen hopes that the settlement will hopefully dissuade Google from trying anything like this in the future:
“While the $7 million is significant, the importance of this agreement goes beyond financial terms. Consumers have a reasonable expectation of privacy. This agreement recognizes those rights and ensures that Google will not use similar tactics in the future to collect personal information without permission from unsuspecting consumers.”
The settlement is the latest, and potentially final, chapter in the Wi-Fi spying scandal that hit Google in 2010. The company was fined by the FCC last year to the tune of $25,000 for obstructing an investigation into its Wi-Fi eavesdropping practices, but the Commission ultimately dropped the investigation. Privacy advocates had called for a renewal into the investigation, but that didn’t exactly pan out.
Those same privacy advocates are no doubt pleased then by today’s settlement. They’ll probably argue that the $7 million settlement isn’t nearly enough, but at least the company will finally destroy all the data it collected.[h/t: The Hill]
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NCBS has designed a barbecue trail from Eastern North Carolina to Tennessee. The trail will meander across the state with stops at 24 NCBS Historic Barbecue Pits. These pits were carefully and selectively chosen by the NCBS board as representatives of the distinctive methods and barbecue cooking styles that have made North Carolina the Barbecue Capital of the World. Each NCBS Historic Barbecue Pit still cooks the old fashioned pit cooked method. And each NCBS Historic Barbecue Pit will proudly display a specially designed emblem depicting old style barbecue cooking that is part of the tradition, heritage and culture that NCBS seeks to preserve.Criteria for selection to the NCBS Historic Barbecue Trail included, among other things, that the NCBS Historic Barbecue Pit cook their meat product on pits fueled by wood or charcoal, make their own sauce, that the pit had operated continuously for fifteen or more years, that the end product was a good offering and representative of North Carolina Barbecue and that the pit had earned and enjoyed the high esteem of its community, the barbecue industry and barbecue aficionados. The board decided to only include pits that provide a sit down dining experience for the public and to limit the number of pits on the trail to two per town/city.
The establishment of the NCBS Historic Barbecue Trail will afford visitors to the Old North State an opportunity to sample North Carolina barbecue cooked in the traditional fashion and served by some of the nicest people one could ever hope to meet.
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KRW banks and floodplains
In the KRW Banks and Uiterwaarden project Witteveen+Bos is working on a planning study for measures in five KRW bodies of water in the south-western Delta of the Netherlands. The measures relate to the development of intertidal areas, tidal creeks, nature-friendly banks, construction and improvement of foreshore defences and the implementation of flood defences. The planning study has led to a programme of requirements for each measure, enabling contractors to create and implement an affordable and broadly supported design that contributes to the KRW objectives of the water bodies.
The project was carried out by a Witteveen+Bos team with people from various disciplines in close cooperation with the Department of Public Works Zuid-Holland and various nature management organisations. In its Management and Development Plan for National Waters (BPRW) 2010-2015, Rijkswaterstaat has included measures to achieve the National Waters Framework Directive (WFD) objectives.
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Photo: francescacastorr on Instagram
For many newbies who are just settling into a fitness regimen, the thought of using the equipment at the gym can certainly be daunting. However, all you really need is your body and some open space to achieve an effective, fat-burning workout. Bodyweight exercises can be done in the comfort of your home without any equipment at all. One benefit of utilizing your own body weight as a tool is that you end up getting a full body workout. For those of you who are just starting your fitness journey or do not have access to machines , here are some easy and effective equipment-free workouts.
Crunches: All you need is the floor for a stronger core. Lie on your back with your knees bent. Place your hands behind your head, chin slightly tucked into your chest, and lift your shoulders and head off the ground. Hold this position briefly to engage your core muscles and then repeat.
Push-Ups: Push-ups are an easy and effective way to strengthen and tone your arms. There are a couple variations to do push-up: straight from a plank or with knees slightly bent and touching the ground. The latter is slightly easier but a push-up from plank will also challenge your core. In each position, lower your arms and bring your chest to the ground then push back up into your starting position. Repeat in sets of 15.
Burpies: You don’t need a treadmill to get your daily dose of cardio in. Burpees are a full-body exercise that helps build endurance and cardio. Starting in a low squat position with hands on the ground, kick your feet back into a push-up position or plank. From there, do one push-up before returning to the starting squat position. Before going into the next plan/push-up jump as high as you can with arms lifted. Repeat in sets of 8-10.
Squats: This move will strengthen your legs and have your glutes burning for days. Start with your feet either parallel or, if more comfortable, slightly turned out. Begin to crouch slowly as if you’re going to sit down into a chair with your thighs parallel to the ground. Make sure your back is straight and press through your heels and legs to rise back up into your starting position. Repeat in sets of 10-12.
Wall-Sits: If you thought squats were easy, try wall-sits for a challenge. Stand against a wall and slowly slide your back down until your thighs are parallel to the ground. Your torso and your legs will meet at a 90 degree angle. Try holding this position for 60 seconds in order to strengthen your thighs.
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An interdental brush is a type of flossing tool used to brush out food debris and plaque from between the teeth. For optimal oral hygiene, the interdental brush should be used at least three times a week and is easily included as part of daily oral hygiene practice.
We recommend interdental brushing
The interdental brush benefits patients at Advance Dental Clinic in a number of ways:
Adjustable interdental brush heads
Our dental structures vary and the interdental brush is made to suit different sized and spaced teeth with adjustable brush heads. The flossing brushes come in thin to thicker sizes, some smaller and some larger. The brush heads are attached to a handle and may be removed and replaced as needed.
Versatile interdental brushing
Most of us have a combination of our existing teeth and dental restorations. Interdental brushes are versatile in that different brush heads may be used to clean away debris from between existing teeth and dental restorations such as crowns and bridges.
It is recommended to have a selection of brush heads to clean between teeth, tooth gaps and dental restorations. Discuss interdental brushing with your dentist if you have dental implants to replace missing teeth or wear an orthodontic device for teeth straightening.
Thorough oral hygiene
Toothbrushes and standard floss does not always get between all of the tooth grooves. Plaque and tartar may therefore develop in hard to reach places. Interdental brushes are shaped to reach into tooth grooves to remove plaque and debris, preventing bacterial colonisation and tooth decay.
The brush heads are designed to clean teeth with ease, moving in between and gently moving out of tooth gaps and grooves for proper cleansing. Our dental hygienist can tell you more about using the interdental brush as an alternative to or alongside dental flossing at Advance Dental Clinic in Essex.
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Usb Y Cable Wiring Diagram – There are several sorts of electronics available. The majority of them utilize USB cable. The cable may be utilized to transfer data from 1 device to another. In addition, it can link device to a power supply for charging function. Understanding usb y cable wiring diagram is be helpful for you.
The diagram for USB cable can help if there’s an issue with it. Knowledge on recommending elements of USB will assist consumer in finding out which part that needs to be adjusted. For crafty users that want to build their particular USBs, this diagram will function as a principle.
Building USB Cable According to USB Wiring Diagram
USB cable is also regarded as serial bus. The cable is composed of four threaded wires. Two cables, GND and +5v, are specifically for power. Meanwhile, the remaining two cables are for data signals. They’re named as D- and D+. Before studying Usb Y Cable Wiring Diagram, there is another thing to learn about this particular cable.
There are four types of data levels in USB cable. The initial one is Low Rate with transfer speed approximately 1.5 Mbit per second. Complete rate has transfer rate of approximately 12 Mbit per second There’s also Hi-Speed data transfer speed about 480 Mbit per second. The Super Speed rate goes past that with transfer speed of 4800 Mbit per second.
So as to construct a USB cable, then you need to gather these substances.
- Cat-5 cable of desired length
- USB connectors
- Shrink tubing
- Sharp knife
- Soldering iron
- Electric meter
- Stripper for cables
According to Usb Y Cable Wiring Diagram, there are just four wires used inside the cable. Typically it utilizes black, green, red and white wire colors. Black wire serves as ground, exactly like in any other apparatus. The red one is to get sure cable with DC power of 5 volts. Green and white serve as information wire with green indicates negative and white as positive.
If you’re using Cat-5 cable subsequently take only four of the cables with colors defined as in the former part. Utilize the solid cables, rather than the stripped ones. Strip about a centimeter in the ends. Following that, cover the whole cables with large skillet tube. Each wire must also be covered by smaller shrink tube.
The next step is also essential in the practice of making USB cable. It’s soldering the wires to the connector on a finish. Being as neat as possible during this process is quite important. The wires should not cross each other since the USB cable cannot be used in any respect. Depending upon the Usb Y Cable Wiring Diagram, every cable is completely insulated from one another.
Following the first end was finished, it is time to move to the other one. To begin with, the electrical meter ought to be put into Ohm functioning. Match both ends until the meter creates a noise that indicates circuit. After that occurs, it’s time to solder each wire into their various pieces. Layer the cables with shrink tube also.
When the USB cable has been completely created, it’s time to check this application. User may check if the cable will help charging digital apparatus that supports USB connection. Trying out the cable to check its data transfer capacity can be highly advised.
Having knowledge of Usb Y Cable Wiring Diagram and its parts might help user discovering what’s wrong with the device when it isn’t working. Additionally, it may help user building their very own USB cable based on specific needs, such as rate and cable length. Hopefully, this information will be put to a good use!
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The decades-long dwindling of glaciers is “categorical evidence of climate change,” a new study affirms.
The link between global warming and glacial retreat had previously garnered only a “likely,” or at least 66 percent probability, rating from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Comparing the long-term decline of 37 glaciers, researchers estimate that all but one are “very likely” – or with at least 90 percent probability – the result of climate change.
Natural variability and complex dynamics make sussing out climate change’s role in glacial retreat difficult. Earth system scientist Gerard Roe of the University of Washington in Seattle and colleagues calculated the natural ups and downs of well-documented glaciers from around the world. The researchers then noted how far the glaciers have drifted from that natural variability and compared that trend with changes in the nearby climate.
For 21 out of the 37 glaciers, the researchers say it is “virtually certain” that climate change caused the glaciers’ retreat, the researchers report December 12 in Nature Geoscience. Glaciers hold about 75 percent of Earth’s freshwater and their decline serves as a canary in the coal mine for climate change.
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Monitor electrical installations and ensure work is performed according to Nickle standards and project specifications. Work cooperatively with GC and/or customer in managing the project, schedule, and employees. Responsible for maintaining productivity, safety, quality control, labor cost, scheduling, materials, and any other activities impacting successful completion of the project.
- High school diploma or general education degree (GED).
- Journeyman License in Delaware/Completion of 4 years Electrical Apprenticeship.
- Must have a minimum of 4 years of field experience.
- Must have a valid driver’s license and transportation.
- Must be willing to travel to Tri-State projects.
- Must be able to bend pipe.
- Ability to effectively order and track materials, perform cost projections, and develop “as-built drawings”.
- Knowledge and experience related to scheduling, material lead times, products, and installation durations.
- Solid understanding of electrical codes and installation methods.
- Knowledgeable in the installation of power systems: lighting, fire protection, security, and data networks.
- Knowledgeable regarding the build, installation, and maintenance of control panels.
- Technology Skills- Basic computer experience primarily in Word, Excel, and Outlook.
- Decision Making-Use sound judgment. Consider all pertinent facts and alternatives.
- Problem Solving-Analyze, gather, and organize information. Produce appropriate solutions and recommendations.
- Planning & Organizing-Set priorities. Schedule activities. Allocates and uses resources properly.
- Communication skills- express ideas effectively. Organizes and delivers information appropriately. Actively listens.
- Teamwork-interact with people effectively. Cooperate within the group.
- Work ethic-set and maintains high-performance standards. Pays close attention to quality, accuracy, and completeness. Shows concern for all aspects of the job and follows up on work.
- Motivation-displays energy and enthusiasm for the job. Commits in placing additional effort. Maintains a high level of productivity.
- Reliability-takes personal responsibility for job Completes work in a timely and consistent manner. Sticks to commitments.
- Adaptability-adapts to changing work environments and work priorities. Able to effectively deal with change and diverse people.
- Integrity- Shares complete and accurate information. Adheres to company policies and procedures. Show consistency in words and actions.
PRIMARY DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
- Achieve productivity objectives by establishing project goals, effectively managing and assigning tasks to journeymen, and maintaining accurate paperwork.
- Manage purchase orders and ensure ordered materials are received.
- Adhere to project contract document changes and Nickle change orders.
- Provide Superintendent/Project Manager with sufficient notice of any employee changes. Cooperate with the Project Manager to support the success of the project.
- Utilize a proactive approach to anticipate and resolve potential issues.
- Ensure employees start and finish work on time.
- Assist Project Managers in documenting performance evaluations.
- Communicate effectively with project owners, general contractors, management, and/or employees.
- Troubleshoot electrical components, wiring diagrams, transformers, motors, panels, and circuits.
- Install, maintain, and repair electrical systems such as switch gears, motor controls, electrical panels, CT cabinets, conveyor systems, lighting, and power supplies.
- Test electrical systems or continuity of circuits in electrical wiring, equipment, or fixtures, use testing devices, such as ohmmeters, voltmeters, or oscilloscopes, to ensure compatibility and safety of system.
- Inspect systems, equipment, or components to identify hazards, defects, or the need for adjustment or repair, and to ensure compliance with codes.
- Direct or train workers to install, maintain, or repair electrical wiring, equipment, or fixtures.
- Diagnose malfunctioning systems, apparatus, or components, using test equipment and hand tools to locate the cause of a breakdown and correct the problem.
- Work and maintain a safe workplace while complying and adhering to safety policies and OSHA-mandated requirements.
- Ensure proper safety equipment, material, and tools are onsite to perform the required work.
- Prepare toolbox talks.
- Complete jobs in a professional manner.
- Instruct and teach apprentices.
- Maintain company-owned property on a regular basis.
- Utilize the National Electrical Code.
- Support the merit shop philosophy.
The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
- Must be able to maintain a standing position for long periods of time while performing repetitive actions.
- Must be able to squat or kneel while wearing a tool belt.
- Must be able to climb a ladder, pull wire and/or conduit, and bend pipe.
- Must be able to constantly exchange accurate information.
- Occasionally lift and/or move up to 50 pounds.
The work environment characteristics described here are representative of those an employee encounters while performing the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
- Must be able to work in a variety of physical positions, including sitting, standing walking, and driving.
- Regular exposure to all weather conditions, especially hot, humid and/or rainy spring, summer and fall weather, combined with regular work time indoors in environmentally controlled conditions.
- May be exposed to uncomfortable or distracting sounds or noise levels on sites of projects.
- Required to wear common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hearing protection, and hard hat where needed.
The above statements are intended to describe the general nature and level of work being performed by people assigned to this classification. They are not to be construed as an exhaustive list of all responsibilities, duties, and skills required of personnel so classified. All personnel may be required to perform duties outside of their normal responsibilities from time to time, as needed.
To apply for this job email your details to firstname.lastname@example.org
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https://www.nickleelectrical.com/job/electrical-foreman/
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The chief of the Federal Aviation Administration predicted Thursday that U.S. airspace could be crowded with as many as 7,500 commercial drones within the next five years. As The Washington Times reports, Michael Huerta said his agency would set up six sites across the country to test drone operators and, in an effort to balance privacy/safety with anarchic airspace drone pollution, he added, “we must fulfill those obligations in a thoughtful, careful manner that ensures safety and promotes economic growth, ” as dangerous incidents involving drones have already taken place…
Although they are expected to be used for peaceful purposes such as firefighting and weather tracking – it’s causing a lot of concern, as Huerta warns “we need to be responsive to public concerns about privacy.”
You’ll never notice it from the ground, but the skies above the US are crowded with roughly five thousand planes at any given moment. The daily total of movements, is up to a whopping 90,000. And dangerous incidents involving drones have already taken place there – as Gayane Chichakyan reveals…
Within the next five years, after appropriate regulations are introduced, whole 7,500 small UAVs will be operating in US airspace, FAA Administrator Michael Huerta said at an aerospace news conference in Washington on Thursday.
Huerta outlined the ultimate goal of the American drone industry: global leadership that could enable the US to set standards for the industry worldwide.
“We recognize that the expanding use of unmanned aircraft presents great opportunities, but it’s also true that integrating these aircraft presents significant challenges,”
Huerta shared some interesting statistics on who is using drones in the US the most. He mentioned that apart from synoptics, environmental specialists and educational institutions, there are about 80 law enforcement agencies that operate small size surveillance drones, with the FAA granting each of them public use waivers on a case-by-case basis.
“If we’re going to take full advantage of the benefits that we’re talking about from these technologies, we need to be responsive to public concerns about privacy,” Huerta said.
Reportedly, not only the FAA, but also Pentagon, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Department of justice are taking part in a multi-agency group that has also released a comprehensive plan accelerating integration of UAVs into US national airspace. All data gathered by the six test sites will go straight to that interagency group, Huerta said.
And focused on privacy…
(via The Washington Times)
The Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems, the leading trade group for the nation’s private-sector drone operators, estimated this year that the commercial drone industry will create more than 100,000 jobs and generate more than $82 billion in economic impact over the next 10 years — if the government moves quickly to establish workable operating regulations and safeguards.
The impending boom has raised concerns among privacy advocates about how and where drones might be used to collect data. The FAA is requiring future test sites to develop privacy plans and make them available to the public. The policy also requires test site operators to disclose how data will be obtained and used.
“Make no mistake about it, privacy is an extremely important issue and it is something that the public has a significant interest and concern over and we need to recognize as an industry that if we are going to take full advantage of the benefits that we are talking about for these technologies we need to be responsive to the public’s concerns about privacy,” Mr. Huerta said.
via Zero Hedge http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/zerohedge/feed/~3/pqN_rWgaY5g/story01.htm Tyler Durden
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http://ifttt.itbehere.com/2013/11/09/us-airspace-to-crawl-with-7500-drones-in-5-years/
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author: Pat Reilly
In March of 2001, ‘River of the Month’ #35 talked about Black Creek as one of many Lehigh River tributaries that tumble into Lehigh’s gorge offering steeper more technical whitewater than the bigger Lehigh. This Lehigh trib, Lizard Creek, doesn’t really tumble into “the gorge” as it enters the river at Bowmanstown. Bowmanstown is 8 river miles below Jim Thorpe, the town generally thought of as the end of the Lehigh River’s canyon.
Still, Lizard has a mile or 2 of decent rapids as it drops to the level of the Lehigh, gorge or no gorge. And you’ll certainly find these rapids to be steeper and more technical than the Lehigh’s. Though they really aren’t any more difficult, just different. One can find Lizard’s little valley by following the Blue Mountain, the ridge just north of Harrisburg, all the way to Carbon County and the Lehigh River. Lizard’s valley is just north of the ridge. This area can be easily reached via automobile by traveling to New Ringgold on route 443. This route is used by some to access the lower Lehigh Gorge and by others to access the Little Schuylkill. By heading on route 895 instead of staying on 443 in New Ringgold, you’ll soon be at the intersection with route 309 and the headwaters put-in for Lizard.
The first 11 miles are typical small stream paddling. Nothing special in here, just flat water bordered by farms, back yards and some light industry. The fun starts are Ashfield, 3 miles from Lizard’s mouth. And it begins gradually. The first mile below Ashfield is still flat water, but you will begin to notice that it’s starting to liven up. The second mile progresses to easy straight forward rapids as the gradient picks up. By the 3rd mile good technical rapids are appearing, some of them rather long but not particularly steep. About ½ dozen in all, these rapids build as you make your way toward the Lehigh. The biggest rapid is the last, just under the high turnpike bridge (N.E. extension of the TP). This last one is a bit steep and a heck of a lot fun. Then it’s out into the big Lehigh.
If you’re looking for just whitewater and deem Lizard’s 2 miles insufficient in quantity, continue out on to the Lehigh. If water was up enough to run Lizard, the Lehigh will probably be thumping pretty good. And while we’re now well below the popular whitewater runs, the Lehigh still serves up some long wavy rapids to, through and beyond the water gap in Blue Mountain at Palmerton. Straight forward but with some big waves, these rapids are long but widely spaced. The biggest waves are found at a few good ledges below the mountain gap and a few miles above Walnutport. Don’t worry about the dam that your older guidebooks may list 2 miles below the mouth of Lizard, it’s no longer there.
As you paddle through Blue Mountain on the Lehigh you’ll be sure to notice that something is different here. The normal deep green (or is that blue?) color of the heavily forested ridge is replaced by browns and lighter greens of bare earth and scrub brush as the slopes have been grotesquely denuded. What’s going on here? That’s what many AT through hikers must think too, as they pass through on Blue Mountain’s ridge (the AT crosses the Lehigh on the bridge just below the water gap). Well, you’re looking at the “Palmerton Zinc Superfund Site”, complements of the New Jersey Zinc Company’s now defunct smelter, formerly residing at Palmerton on river left on the north side of the mountain.
To catch Lizard’s water at runable levels I’d look for 3.2 on Jordon Creek’s Schnecksville gauge as a minimum. Jordon Creek parallels Lizard on the south side of Blue Mountain. 2.8 on the Little Schuylkill at Tamaqua may work too.
Copyright © 2012 Pat Reilly. All rights reserved.
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Subretinal injection of sodium hyaluronate is a widely accepted method of inducing retinal detachment (RD). However, the height and duration of RD or the occurrence of subretinal hemorrhage can affect photoreceptor cell death in the detached retina. Hence, it is advantageous to create reproducible RDs without subretinal hemorrhage for evaluating photoreceptor cell death. We modified a previously reported method to create bullous and persistent RDs in a reproducible location with rare occurrence of subretinal hemorrhage. The critical step of this modified method is the creation of a self-sealing scleral incision, which can prevent leakage of sodium hyaluronate after injection into the subretinal space. To make the self-sealing scleral incision, a scleral tunnel is created, followed by scleral penetration into the choroid with a 30 G needle. Although choroidal hemorrhage may occur during this step, astriction with a surgical spear reduces the rate of choroidal hemorrhage. This method allows a more reproducible and reliable model of photoreceptor death in diseases that involve RD such as rhegmatogenous RD, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
22 Related JoVE Articles!
Detecting Abnormalities in Choroidal Vasculature in a Mouse Model of Age-related Macular Degeneration by Time-course Indocyanine Green Angiography
Institutions: University of Utah Health Sciences Center, University of Utah Health Sciences Center.
Indocyanine Green Angiography (or ICGA) is a technique performed by ophthalmologists to diagnose abnormalities of the choroidal and retinal vasculature of various eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ICGA is especially useful to image the posterior choroidal vasculature of the eye due to its capability of penetrating through the pigmented layer with its infrared spectrum. ICGA time course can be divided into early, middle, and late phases. The three phases provide valuable information on the pathology of eye problems. Although time-course ICGA by intravenous (IV) injection is widely used in the clinic for the diagnosis and management of choroid problems, ICGA by intraperitoneal injection (IP) is commonly used in animal research. Here we demonstrated the technique to obtain high-resolution ICGA time-course images in mice by tail-vein injection and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. We used this technique to image the choroidal lesions in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration. Although it is much easier to introduce ICG to the mouse vasculature by IP, our data indicate that it is difficult to obtain reproducible ICGA time course images by IP-ICGA. In contrast, ICGA via tail vein injection provides high quality ICGA time-course images comparable to human studies. In addition, we showed that ICGA performed on albino mice gives clearer pictures of choroidal vessels than that performed on pigmented mice. We suggest that time-course IV-ICGA should become a standard practice in AMD research based on animal models.
Medicine, Issue 84, Indocyanine Green Angiography, ICGA, choroid vasculature, age-related macular degeneration, AMD, Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy, PCV, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, IV-ICGA, time-course ICGA, tail-vein injection
An Alkali-burn Injury Model of Corneal Neovascularization in the Mouse
Institutions: Tulane University, Tulane University.
Under normal conditions, the cornea is avascular, and this transparency is essential for maintaining good visual acuity. Neovascularization (NV) of the cornea, which can be caused by trauma, keratoplasty or infectious disease, breaks down the so called ‘angiogenic privilege' of the cornea and forms the basis of multiple visual pathologies that may even lead to blindness. Although there are several treatment options available, the fundamental medical need presented by corneal neovascular pathologies remains unmet. In order to develop safe, effective, and targeted therapies, a reliable model of corneal NV and pharmacological intervention is required. Here, we describe an alkali-burn injury corneal neovascularization model in the mouse. This protocol provides a method for the application of a controlled alkali-burn injury to the cornea, administration of a pharmacological compound of interest, and visualization of the result. This method could prove instrumental for studying the mechanisms and opportunities for intervention in corneal NV and other neovascular disorders.
Medicine, Issue 86, Alkali-burn Injury, Corneal Neovascularization (NV), Corneal Blindness, Angiogenesis, Inflammation, Hemangiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis
Dissection of Human Vitreous Body Elements for Proteomic Analysis
Institutions: University of Iowa.
The vitreous is an optically clear, collagenous extracellular matrix that fills the inside of the eye and overlies the retina. 1,2
Abnormal interactions between vitreous substructures and the retina underlie several vitreoretinal diseases, including retinal tear and detachment, macular pucker, macular hole, age-related macular degeneration, vitreomacular traction, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and inherited vitreoretinopathies. 1,2
The molecular composition of the vitreous substructures is not known. Since the vitreous body is transparent with limited surgical access, it has been difficult to study its substructures at the molecular level. We developed a method to separate and preserve these tissues for proteomic and biochemical analysis. The dissection technique in this experimental video shows how to isolate vitreous base, anterior hyaloid, vitreous core, and vitreous cortex from postmortem human eyes. One-dimensional SDS-PAGE analyses of each vitreous component showed that our dissection technique resulted in four unique protein profiles corresponding to each substructure of the human vitreous body. Identification of differentially compartmentalized proteins will reveal candidate molecules underlying various vitreoretinal diseases.
Medicine, Issue 47, vitreous, retina, dissection, hyaloid, vitreous base, vitreous cortex, vitreous core, protein analysis
Optimization and Utilization of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Protein Production in Nicotiana
Institutions: Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology.
-mediated transient protein production in plants is a promising approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins within a short period of time. However, this technology is only just beginning to be applied to large-scale production as many technological obstacles to scale up are now being overcome. Here, we demonstrate a simple and reproducible method for industrial-scale transient protein production based on vacuum infiltration of Nicotiana
plants with Agrobacteria
carrying launch vectors. Optimization of Agrobacterium
cultivation in AB medium allows direct dilution of the bacterial culture in Milli-Q water, simplifying the infiltration process. Among three tested species of Nicotiana
, N. excelsiana
× N. excelsior
) was selected as the most promising host due to the ease of infiltration, high level of reporter protein production, and about two-fold higher biomass production under controlled environmental conditions. Induction of Agrobacterium
harboring pBID4-GFP (Tobacco mosaic virus
-based) using chemicals such as acetosyringone and monosaccharide had no effect on the protein production level. Infiltrating plant under 50 to 100 mbar for 30 or 60 sec resulted in about 95% infiltration of plant leaf tissues. Infiltration with Agrobacterium
laboratory strain GV3101 showed the highest protein production compared to Agrobacteria
laboratory strains LBA4404 and C58C1 and wild-type Agrobacteria
strains at6, at10, at77 and A4. Co-expression of a viral RNA silencing suppressor, p23 or p19, in N. benthamiana
resulted in earlier accumulation and increased production (15-25%) of target protein (influenza virus hemagglutinin).
Plant Biology, Issue 86, Agroinfiltration, Nicotiana benthamiana, transient protein production, plant-based expression, viral vector, Agrobacteria
Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells
Institutions: New York University School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center.
Inflammatory processes resulting from the secretion of Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines by immune cells lead to local or systemic inflammation, tissue remodeling and repair, and virologic control1,2
. Interleukin-1β is an essential element of the innate immune response and contributes to eliminate invading pathogens while preventing the establishment of persistent infection1-5
Inflammasomes are the key signaling platform for the activation of interleukin 1 converting enzyme (ICE or Caspase-1). The NLRP3 inflammasome requires at least two signals in DCs to cause IL-1β secretion6
. Pro-IL-1β protein expression is limited in resting cells; therefore a priming signal is required for IL-1β transcription and protein expression. A second signal sensed by NLRP3 results in the formation of the multi-protein NLRP3 inflammasome. The ability of dendritic cells to respond to the signals required for IL-1β secretion can be tested using a synthetic purine, R848, which is sensed by TLR8 in human monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) to prime cells, followed by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with the bacterial toxin and potassium ionophore, nigericin.
Monocyte derived DCs are easily produced in culture and provide significantly more cells than purified human myeloid DCs. The method presented here differs from other inflammasome assays in that it uses in vitro
human, instead of mouse derived, DCs thus allowing for the study of the inflammasome in human disease and infection.
Immunology, Issue 87, NLRP3, inflammasome, IL-1beta, Interleukin-1 beta, dendritic, cell, Nigericin, Toll-Like Receptor 8, TLR8, R848, Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells
Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos
Institutions: University of Torino, Vesalius Research Center, VIB.
High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause a change of cellular redox state towards oxidative stress condition. This situation causes oxidation of molecules (lipid, DNA, protein) and leads to cell death. Oxidative stress also impacts the progression of several pathological conditions such as diabetes, retinopathies, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Thus, it is important to define tools to investigate oxidative stress conditions not only at the level of single cells but also in the context of whole organisms. Here, we consider the zebrafish embryo as a useful in vivo
system to perform such studies and present a protocol to measure in vivo
oxidative stress. Taking advantage of fluorescent ROS probes and zebrafish transgenic fluorescent lines, we develop two different methods to measure oxidative stress in vivo
: i) a “whole embryo ROS-detection method” for qualitative measurement of oxidative stress and ii) a “single-cell ROS detection method” for quantitative measurements of oxidative stress. Herein, we demonstrate the efficacy of these procedures by increasing oxidative stress in tissues by oxidant agents and physiological or genetic methods. This protocol is amenable for forward genetic screens and it will help address cause-effect relationships of ROS in animal models of oxidative stress-related pathologies such as neurological disorders and cancer.
Developmental Biology, Issue 89, Danio rerio, zebrafish embryos, endothelial cells, redox state analysis, oxidative stress detection, in vivo ROS measurements, FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorter), molecular probes
Assessment of Vascular Regeneration in the CNS Using the Mouse Retina
Institutions: McGill University, University of Montréal, University of Montréal.
The rodent retina is perhaps the most accessible mammalian system in which to investigate neurovascular interplay within the central nervous system (CNS). It is increasingly being recognized that several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis present elements of vascular compromise. In addition, the most prominent causes of blindness in pediatric and working age populations (retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy, respectively) are characterized by vascular degeneration and failure of physiological vascular regrowth. The aim of this technical paper is to provide a detailed protocol to study CNS vascular regeneration in the retina. The method can be employed to elucidate molecular mechanisms that lead to failure of vascular growth after ischemic injury. In addition, potential therapeutic modalities to accelerate and restore healthy vascular plexuses can be explored. Findings obtained using the described approach may provide therapeutic avenues for ischemic retinopathies such as that of diabetes or prematurity and possibly benefit other vascular disorders of the CNS.
Neuroscience, Issue 88, vascular regeneration, angiogenesis, vessels, retina, neurons, oxygen-induced retinopathy, neovascularization, CNS
The Corneal Micropocket Assay: A Model of Angiogenesis in the Mouse Eye
Institutions: Boston Children's Hospital, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Harvard Medical School.
The mouse corneal micropocket assay is a robust and quantitative in vivo
assay for evaluating angiogenesis. By using standardized slow-release pellets containing specific growth factors that trigger blood vessel growth throughout the naturally avascular cornea, angiogenesis can be measured and quantified. In this assay the angiogenic response is generated over the course of several days, depending on the type and dose of growth factor used. The induction of neovascularization is commonly triggered by either basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). By combining these growth factors with sucralfate and hydron (poly-HEMA (poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate))) and casting the mixture into pellets, they can be surgically implanted in the mouse eye. These uniform pellets slowly-release the growth factors over five or six days (bFGF or VEGF respectively) enabling sufficient angiogenic response required for vessel area quantification using a slit lamp. This assay can be used for different applications, including the evaluation of angiogenic modulator drugs or treatments as well as comparison between different genetic backgrounds affecting angiogenesis. A skilled investigator after practicing this assay can implant a pellet in less than 5 min per eye.
Neuroscience, Issue 90, Angiogensis, neovasculatization, in vivo assay, model, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor
Long-term Intravital Immunofluorescence Imaging of Tissue Matrix Components with Epifluorescence and Two-photon Microscopy
Institutions: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Oregon Health & Science University.
Besides being a physical scaffold to maintain tissue morphology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is actively involved in regulating cell and tissue function during development and organ homeostasis. It does so by acting via biochemical, biomechanical, and biophysical signaling pathways, such as through the release of bioactive ECM protein fragments, regulating tissue tension, and providing pathways for cell migration. The extracellular matrix of the tumor microenvironment undergoes substantial remodeling, characterized by the degradation, deposition and organization of fibrillar and non-fibrillar matrix proteins. Stromal stiffening of the tumor microenvironment can promote tumor growth and invasion, and cause remodeling of blood and lymphatic vessels. Live imaging of matrix proteins, however, to this point is limited to fibrillar collagens that can be detected by second harmonic generation using multi-photon microscopy, leaving the majority of matrix components largely invisible. Here we describe procedures for tumor inoculation in the thin dorsal ear skin, immunolabeling of extracellular matrix proteins and intravital imaging of the exposed tissue in live mice using epifluorescence and two-photon microscopy. Our intravital imaging method allows for the direct detection of both fibrillar and non-fibrillar matrix proteins in the context of a growing dermal tumor. We show examples of vessel remodeling caused by local matrix contraction. We also found that fibrillar matrix of the tumor detected with the second harmonic generation is spatially distinct from newly deposited matrix components such as tenascin C. We also showed long-term (12 hours) imaging of T-cell interaction with tumor cells and tumor cells migration along the collagen IV of basement membrane. Taken together, this method uniquely allows for the simultaneous detection of tumor cells, their physical microenvironment and the endogenous tissue immune response over time, which may provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying tumor progression and ultimate success or resistance to therapy.
Bioengineering, Issue 86, Intravital imaging, epifluorescence, two-photon imaging, Tumor matrix, Matrix remodeling
Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions
Institutions: University of L'Aquila, ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, Australian National University, Australian National University.
Diseases of the retina are difficult to treat as the retina lies deep within the eye. Invasive methods of drug delivery are often needed to treat these diseases. Chronic retinal diseases such as retinal oedema or neovascularization usually require multiple intraocular injections to effectively treat the condition. However, the risks associated with these injections increase with repeated delivery of the drug. Therefore, alternative delivery methods need to be established in order to minimize the risks of reinjection. Several other investigations have developed methods to deliver drugs over extended time, through materials capable of releasing chemicals slowly into the eye. In this investigation, we outline the use of Elvax 40W, a copolymer resin, to act as a vehicle for drug delivery to the adult rat retina. The resin is made and loaded with the drug. The drug-resin complex is then implanted into the vitreous cavity, where it will slowly release the drug over time. This method was tested using 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), a glutamate analogue that blocks the light response of the retina. It was demonstrated that the APB was slowly released from the resin, and was able to block the retinal response by 7 days after implantation. This indicates that slow-release drug delivery using this copolymer resin is effective for treating the retina, and could be used therapeutically with further testing.
Medicine, Issue 91, slow-release drug delivery, Elvax 40W, co-polymer resin, eye, retina, rat, APB, retinal degeneration, treatment of chronic retinal conditions
Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
Institutions: SRI International, University of California-Santa Cruz.
Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, but its effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis are less understood. Gene-environment interaction models have utility in unmasking the impact of specific cellular pathways in toxicity that may not be observed using a solely genetic or toxicant disease model alone. To evaluate if distinct LOX isozymes selectively contribute to PD-related neurodegeneration, transgenic (i.e.
5-LOX and 12/15-LOX deficient) mice can be challenged with a toxin that mimics cell injury and death in the disorder. Here we describe the use of a neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which produces a nigrostriatal lesion to elucidate the distinct contributions of LOX isozymes to neurodegeneration related to PD. The use of MPTP in mouse, and nonhuman primate, is well-established to recapitulate the nigrostriatal damage in PD. The extent of MPTP-induced lesioning is measured by HPLC analysis of dopamine and its metabolites and semi-quantitative Western blot analysis of striatum for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of dopamine. To assess inflammatory markers, which may demonstrate LOX isozyme-selective sensitivity, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Iba-1 immunohistochemistry are performed on brain sections containing substantia nigra, and GFAP Western blot analysis is performed on striatal homogenates. This experimental approach can provide novel insights into gene-environment interactions underlying nigrostriatal degeneration and PD.
Medicine, Issue 83, MPTP, dopamine, Iba1, TH, GFAP, lipoxygenase, transgenic, gene-environment interactions, mouse, Parkinson's disease, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation
In vitro Coculture Assay to Assess Pathogen Induced Neutrophil Trans-epithelial Migration
Institutions: Harvard Medical School, MGH for Children, Massachusetts General Hospital.
Mucosal surfaces serve as protective barriers against pathogenic organisms. Innate immune responses are activated upon sensing pathogen leading to the infiltration of tissues with migrating inflammatory cells, primarily neutrophils. This process has the potential to be destructive to tissues if excessive or held in an unresolved state. Cocultured in vitro
models can be utilized to study the unique molecular mechanisms involved in pathogen induced neutrophil trans-epithelial migration. This type of model provides versatility in experimental design with opportunity for controlled manipulation of the pathogen, epithelial barrier, or neutrophil. Pathogenic infection of the apical surface of polarized epithelial monolayers grown on permeable transwell filters instigates physiologically relevant basolateral to apical trans-epithelial migration of neutrophils applied to the basolateral surface. The in vitro
model described herein demonstrates the multiple steps necessary for demonstrating neutrophil migration across a polarized lung epithelial monolayer that has been infected with pathogenic P. aeruginosa
(PAO1). Seeding and culturing of permeable transwells with human derived lung epithelial cells is described, along with isolation of neutrophils from whole human blood and culturing of PAO1 and nonpathogenic K12 E. coli
(MC1000). The emigrational process and quantitative analysis of successfully migrated neutrophils that have been mobilized in response to pathogenic infection is shown with representative data, including positive and negative controls. This in vitro
model system can be manipulated and applied to other mucosal surfaces. Inflammatory responses that involve excessive neutrophil infiltration can be destructive to host tissues and can occur in the absence of pathogenic infections. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that promote neutrophil trans-epithelial migration through experimental manipulation of the in vitro
coculture assay system described herein has significant potential to identify novel therapeutic targets for a range of mucosal infectious as well as inflammatory diseases.
Infection, Issue 83, Cellular Biology, Epithelium, Neutrophils, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Neutrophils, epithelial barriers, pathogens, transmigration
Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay
Institutions: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.
Inflammatory processes resulting from the secretion of soluble mediators by immune cells, lead to various manifestations in skin, joints and other tissues as well as altered cytokine homeostasis. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in recognizing pathogens and other endogenous danger stimuli. One of the major cytokines released by innate immune cells is Interleukin (IL)-1. Therefore, we utilize a whole blood stimulation assay in order to measure the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and specifically of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β 1, 2, 3
Patients with genetic dysfunctions of the innate immune system causing autoinflammatory syndromes show an exaggerated release of mature IL-1β upon stimulation with LPS alone. In order to evaluate the innate immune component of patients who present with inflammatory-associated pathologies, we use a specific immunoassay to detect cellular immune responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as the gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These PAMPs are recognized by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), which are found on the cells of the innate immune system 4, 5, 6, 7
. A primary signal, LPS, in conjunction with a secondary signal, ATP, is necessary for the activation of the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that processes pro-IL-1β to its mature, bioactive form 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
The whole blood assay requires minimal sample manipulation to assess cytokine production when compared to other methods that require labor intensive isolation and culturing of specific cell populations. This method differs from other whole blood stimulation assays; rather than diluting samples with a ratio of RPMI media, we perform a white blood cell count directly from diluted whole blood and therefore, stimulate a known number of white blood cells in culture 2
. The results of this particular whole blood assay demonstrate a novel technique useful in elucidating patient cohorts presenting with autoinflammatory pathophysiologies.
Immunology, Issue 49, Interleukin-1 beta, autoinflammatory, whole blood stimulation, lipopolysaccharide, ATP, cytokine production, pattern-recognition receptors, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure
Institutions: Temple University , Temple University .
Human sepsis is characterized by a set of systemic reactions in response to intensive and massive infection that failed to be locally contained by the host. Currently, sepsis ranks among the top ten causes of mortality in the USA intensive care units 1
. During sepsis there are two established haemodynamic phases that may overlap. The initial phase (hyperdynamic) is defined as a massive production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species by macrophages and neutrophils that affects vascular permeability (leading to hypotension), cardiac function and induces metabolic changes culminating in tissue necrosis and organ failure. Consequently, the most common cause of mortality is acute kidney injury. The second phase (hypodynamic) is an anti-inflammatory process involving altered monocyte antigen presentation, decreased lymphocyte proliferation and function and increased apoptosis. This state known as immunosuppression or immune depression sharply increases the risk of nocosomial infections and ultimately, death. The mechanisms of these pathophysiological processes are not well characterized. Because both phases of sepsis may cause irreversible and irreparable damage, it is essential to determine the immunological and physiological status of the patient. This is the main reason why many therapeutic drugs have failed. The same drug given at different stages of sepsis may be therapeutic or otherwise harmful or have no effect 2,3
. To understand sepsis at various levels it is crucial to have a suitable and comprehensive animal model that reproduces the clinical course of the disease. It is important to characterize the pathophysiological mechanisms occurring during sepsis and control the model conditions for testing potential therapeutic agents.
To study the etiology of human sepsis researchers have developed different animal models. The most widely used clinical model is cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The CLP model consists of the perforation of the cecum allowing the release of fecal material into the peritoneal cavity to generate an exacerbated immune response induced by polymicrobial infection. This model fulfills the human condition that is clinically relevant. As in humans, mice that undergo CLP with fluid resuscitation show the first (early) hyperdynamic phase that in time progresses to the second (late) hypodynamic phase. In addition, the cytokine profile is similar to that seen in human sepsis where there is increased lymphocyte apoptosis (reviewed in 4,5
). Due to the multiple and overlapping mechanisms involved in sepsis, researchers need a suitable sepsis model of controlled severity in order to obtain consistent and reproducible results.
Medicine, Issue 51, sepsis, systemic inflammation, infection, septic shock, animal model
On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping
Institutions: University of California, Davis .
Atherogenesis is potentiated by metabolic abnormalities that contribute to a heightened state of systemic inflammation resulting in endothelial dysfunction. However, early functional changes in endothelium that signify an individual's level of risk are not directly assessed clinically to help guide therapeutic strategy. Moreover, the regulation of inflammation by local hemodynamics contributes to the non-random spatial distribution of atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms are difficult to delineate in vivo
. We describe a lab-on-a-chip
based approach to quantitatively assay metabolic perturbation of inflammatory events in human endothelial cells (EC) and monocytes under precise flow conditions. Standard methods of soft lithography are used to microfabricate vascular mimetic microfluidic chambers (VMMC)
, which are bound directly to cultured EC monolayers.1
These devices have the advantage of using small volumes of reagents while providing a platform for directly imaging the inflammatory events at the membrane of EC exposed to a well-defined shear field. We have successfully applied these devices to investigate cytokine-,2
inflammation in human aortic EC (HAEC). Here we document the use of the VMMC to assay monocytic cell (THP-1) rolling and arrest on HAEC monolayers that are conditioned under differential shear characteristics and activated by the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Studies such as these are providing mechanistic insight into atherosusceptibility under metabolic risk factors.
Biomedical Engineering, Issue 65, Bioengineering, Immunology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, endothelial cell, monocyte arrest, microfluidics, shear stress, cytokine, atherosclerosis, inflammation
Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology
Institutions: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
We describe an in vitro
method to measure bladder smooth muscle contractility, and its use for investigating physiological and pharmacological properties of the smooth muscle as well as changes induced by pathology. This method provides critical information for understanding bladder function while overcoming major methodological difficulties encountered in in vivo
experiments, such as surgical and pharmacological manipulations that affect stability and survival of the preparations, the use of human tissue, and/or the use of expensive chemicals. It also provides a way to investigate the properties of each bladder component (i.e.
smooth muscle, mucosa, nerves) in healthy and pathological conditions.
The urinary bladder is removed from an anesthetized animal, placed in Krebs solution and cut into strips. Strips are placed into a chamber filled with warm Krebs solution. One end is attached to an isometric tension transducer to measure contraction force, the other end is attached to a fixed rod. Tissue is stimulated by directly adding compounds to the bath or by electric field stimulation electrodes that activate nerves, similar to triggering bladder contractions in vivo
. We demonstrate the use of this method to evaluate spontaneous smooth muscle contractility during development and after an experimental spinal cord injury, the nature of neurotransmission (transmitters and receptors involved), factors involved in modulation of smooth muscle activity, the role of individual bladder components, and species and organ differences in response to pharmacological agents. Additionally, it could be used for investigating intracellular pathways involved in contraction and/or relaxation of the smooth muscle, drug structure-activity relationships and evaluation of transmitter release.
The in vitro
smooth muscle contractility method has been used extensively for over 50 years, and has provided data that significantly contributed to our understanding of bladder function as well as to pharmaceutical development of compounds currently used clinically for bladder management.
Medicine, Issue 90, Krebs, species differences, in vitro, smooth muscle contractility, neural stimulation
Protein Transfection of Mouse Lung
Institutions: St. Luke's Roosevelt Medical Center.
Increasing protein expression enables researchers to better understand the functional role of that protein in regulating key biological processes1
. In the lung, this has been achieved typically through genetic approaches that utilize transgenic mice2,3
or viral or non-viral vectors that elevate protein levels via increased gene expression4
. Transgenic mice are costly and time-consuming to generate and the random insertion of a transgene or chronic gene expression can alter normal lung development and thus limit the utility of the model5
. While conditional transgenics avert problems associated with chronic gene expression6
, the reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator (rtTA) mice, which are used to generate conditional expression, develop spontaneous air space enlargement7
. As with transgenics, the use of viral and non-viral vectors is expensive8
and can provoke dose-dependent inflammatory responses that confound results9
and hinder expression10
. Moreover, the efficacy of repeated doses are limited by enhanced immune responses to the vector11,12
. Researchers are developing adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors that provoke less inflammation and have longer expression within the lung13
Using β-galactosidase, we present a method for rapidly and effectively increasing protein expression within the lung using a direct protein transfection technique. This protocol mixes a fixed amount of purified protein with 20 μl of a lipid-based transfection reagent (Pro-Ject, Pierce Bio) to allow penetration into the lung tissue itself. The liposomal protein mixture is then injected into the lungs of the mice via the trachea using a microsprayer (Penn Century, Philadelphia, PA). The microsprayer generates a fine plume of liquid aerosol throughout the lungs. Using the technique we have demonstrated uniform deposition of the injected protein throughout the airways and the alveoli of mice14
. The lipid transfection technique allows the use of a small amount of protein to achieve effect. This limits the inflammatory response that otherwise would be provoked by high protein administration. Indeed, using this technique we published that we were able to significantly increase PP2A activity in the lung without affecting lung lavage cellularity15
. Lung lavage cellularity taken 24 hr after challenge was comparable to controls (27±4 control vs. 31±5 albumin transfected; N=6 per group). Moreover, it increases protein levels without inducing lung developmental changes or architectural changes that can occur in transgenic models. However, the need for repeated administrations may make this technique less favorable for studies examining the effects of long-term increases in protein expression. This would be particularly true for proteins with short half-lives.
Molecular Biology, Issue 75, Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Biochemistry, Genetics, Cellular Biology, Anatomy, Physiology, Proteins, Torso, Tissues, Cells, Animal Structures, Respiratory System, Eukaryota, Immune System Diseases, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Natural Science Disciplines, Life Sciences (General), transfection, lung, protein, mice, inflammation, animal model
Angiogenesis in the Ischemic Rat Lung
Institutions: Johns Hopkins University.
The adult lung is perfused by both the systemic bronchial artery and the entire venous return flowing through the pulmonary arteries. In most lung pathologies, it is the smaller systemic vasculature that responds to a need for enhanced lung perfusion and shows robust neovascularization. Pulmonary vascular ischemia induced by pulmonary artery obstruction has been shown to result in rapid systemic arterial angiogenesis in man as well as in several animal models. Although the histologic assessment of the time course of bronchial artery proliferation in rats was carefully described by Weibel 1
, mechanisms responsible for this organized growth of new vessels are not clear. We provide surgical details of inducing left pulmonary artery ischemia in the rat that leads to bronchial neovascularization. Quantification of the extent of angiogenesis presents an additional challenge due to the presence of the two vascular beds within the lung. Methods to determine functional angiogenesis based on labeled microsphere injections are provided.
Medicine, Issue 72, Anatomy, Physiology, Biomedical Engineering, Pathology, Surgery, Lung, Lung Diseases, Lung Injury, Thoracic Surgical Procedures, Physiological Processes, Growth and Development, Respiratory System, Physiological Phenomena, angiogenesis, bronchial artery, blood vessels, arteries, rat, ischemia, intubation, artery ligation, thoracotomy, cannulation, animal model
A Novel High-resolution In vivo Imaging Technique to Study the Dynamic Response of Intracranial Structures to Tumor Growth and Therapeutics
Institutions: Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital.
We have successfully integrated previously established Intracranial window (ICW) technology 1-4
with intravital 2-photon confocal microscopy to develop a novel platform that allows for direct long-term visualization of tissue structure changes intracranially. Imaging at a single cell resolution in a real-time fashion provides supplementary dynamic information beyond that provided by standard end-point histological analysis, which looks solely at 'snap-shot' cross sections of tissue.
Establishing this intravital imaging technique in fluorescent chimeric mice, we are able to image four fluorescent channels simultaneously. By incorporating fluorescently labeled cells, such as GFP+ bone marrow, it is possible to track the fate of these cells studying their long-term migration, integration and differentiation within tissue. Further integration of a secondary reporter cell, such as an mCherry glioma tumor line, allows for characterization of cell:cell interactions. Structural changes in the tissue microenvironment can be highlighted through the addition of intra-vital dyes and antibodies, for example CD31 tagged antibodies and Dextran molecules.
Moreover, we describe the combination of our ICW imaging model with a small animal micro-irradiator that provides stereotactic irradiation, creating a platform through which the dynamic tissue changes that occur following the administration of ionizing irradiation can be assessed.
Current limitations of our model include penetrance of the microscope, which is limited to a depth of up to 900 μm from the sub cortical surface, limiting imaging to the dorsal axis of the brain. The presence of the skull bone makes the ICW a more challenging technical procedure, compared to the more established and utilized chamber models currently used to study mammary tissue and fat pads 5-7
. In addition, the ICW provides many challenges when optimizing the imaging.
Cancer Biology, Issue 76, Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Cellular Biology, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurobiology, Biophysics, Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, Intracranial Window, In vivo imaging, Stereotactic radiation, Bone Marrow Derived Cells, confocal microscopy, two-photon microscopy, drug-cell interactions, drug kinetics, brain, imaging, tumors, animal model
Efficient Agroinfiltration of Plants for High-level Transient Expression of Recombinant Proteins
Institutions: Arizona State University .
Mammalian cell culture is the major platform for commercial production of human vaccines and therapeutic proteins. However, it cannot meet the increasing worldwide demand for pharmaceuticals due to its limited scalability and high cost. Plants have shown to be one of the most promising alternative pharmaceutical production platforms that are robust, scalable, low-cost and safe. The recent development of virus-based vectors has allowed rapid and high-level transient expression of recombinant proteins in plants. To further optimize the utility of the transient expression system, we demonstrate a simple, efficient and scalable methodology to introduce target-gene containing Agrobacterium
into plant tissue in this study. Our results indicate that agroinfiltration with both syringe and vacuum methods have resulted in the efficient introduction of Agrobacterium
into leaves and robust production of two fluorescent proteins; GFP and DsRed. Furthermore, we demonstrate the unique advantages offered by both methods. Syringe infiltration is simple and does not need expensive equipment. It also allows the flexibility to either infiltrate the entire leave with one target gene, or to introduce genes of multiple targets on one leaf. Thus, it can be used for laboratory scale expression of recombinant proteins as well as for comparing different proteins or vectors for yield or expression kinetics. The simplicity of syringe infiltration also suggests its utility in high school and college education for the subject of biotechnology. In contrast, vacuum infiltration is more robust and can be scaled-up for commercial manufacture of pharmaceutical proteins. It also offers the advantage of being able to agroinfiltrate plant species that are not amenable for syringe infiltration such as lettuce and Arabidopsis
. Overall, the combination of syringe and vacuum agroinfiltration provides researchers and educators a simple, efficient, and robust methodology for transient protein expression. It will greatly facilitate the development of pharmaceutical proteins and promote science education.
Plant Biology, Issue 77, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, Virology, Microbiology, Bioengineering, Plant Viruses, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Plant Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, Vaccines, Synthetic, Virus-Like Particle, Gene Transfer Techniques, Gene Expression, Agroinfiltration, plant infiltration, plant-made pharmaceuticals, syringe agroinfiltration, vacuum agroinfiltration, monoclonal antibody, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Nicotiana benthamiana, GFP, DsRed, geminiviral vectors, imaging, plant model
Institutions: University of Utah.
A limitation of traditional full-field electroretinograms (ERG) for the diagnosis of retinopathy is lack of sensitivity. Generally, ERG results are normal unless more than approximately 20% of the retina is affected. In practical terms, a patient might be legally blind as a result of macular degeneration or other scotomas and still appear normal, according to traditional full field ERG. An important development in ERGs is the multifocal ERG (mfERG). Erich Sutter adapted the mathematical sequences called binary m-sequences enabling the isolation from a single electrical signal an electroretinogram representing less than each square millimeter of retina in response to a visual stimulus1
Results that are generated by mfERG appear similar to those generated by flash ERG. In contrast to flash ERG, which best generates data appropriate for whole-eye disorders. The basic mfERG result is based on the calculated mathematical average of an approximation of the positive deflection component of traditional ERG response, known as the b-wave1
. Multifocal ERG programs measure electrical activity from more than a hundred retinal areas per eye, in a few minutes. The enhanced spatial resolution enables scotomas and retinal dysfunction to be mapped and quantified.
In the protocol below, we describe the recording of mfERGs using a bipolar speculum contact lens.
Components of mfERG systems vary between manufacturers. For the presentation of visible stimulus, some suitable CRT monitors are available but most systems have adopted the use of flat-panel liquid crystal displays (LCD). The visual stimuli depicted here, were produced by a LCD microdisplay subtending 35 - 40 degrees horizontally and 30 - 35 degrees vertically of visual field, and calibrated to produce multifocal flash intensities of 2.7 cd s m-2
. Amplification was 50K. Lower and upper bandpass limits were 10 and 300 Hz. The software packages used were VERIS versions 5 and 6.
Medicine, Issue 58, Multifocal electroretinogram, mfERG, electroretinogram, ERG
Integrated Photoacoustic Ophthalmoscopy and Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Institutions: Northwestern University, Harbin Institute of Technology, University of Southern California, Northwestern University.
Both the clinical diagnosis and fundamental investigation of major ocular diseases greatly benefit from various non-invasive ophthalmic imaging technologies. Existing retinal imaging modalities, such as fundus photography1
, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO)2
, and optical coherence tomography (OCT)3
, have significant contributions in monitoring disease onsets and progressions, and developing new therapeutic strategies. However, they predominantly rely on the back-reflected photons from the retina. As a consequence, the optical absorption properties of the retina, which are usually strongly associated with retinal pathophysiology status, are inaccessible by the traditional imaging technologies.
Photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy (PAOM) is an emerging retinal imaging modality that permits the detection of the optical absorption contrasts in the eye with a high sensitivity4-7
. In PAOM nanosecond laser pulses are delivered through the pupil and scanned across the posterior eye to induce photoacoustic (PA) signals, which are detected by an unfocused ultrasonic transducer attached to the eyelid. Because of the strong optical absorption of hemoglobin and melanin, PAOM is capable of non-invasively imaging the retinal and choroidal vasculatures, and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) melanin at high contrasts 6,7
. More importantly, based on the well-developed spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging5,8
, PAOM has the potential to map the hemoglobin oxygen saturation in retinal vessels, which can be critical in studying the physiology and pathology of several blinding diseases 9
such as diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Moreover, being the only existing optical-absorption-based ophthalmic imaging modality, PAOM can be integrated with well-established clinical ophthalmic imaging techniques to achieve more comprehensive anatomic and functional evaluations of the eye based on multiple optical contrasts6,10
. In this work, we integrate PAOM and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) for simultaneously in vivo
retinal imaging of rat, where both optical absorption and scattering properties of the retina are revealed. The system configuration, system alignment and imaging acquisition are presented.
Biomedical Engineering, Issue 71, Bioengineering, Medicine, Anatomy, Physiology, Opthalmology, Physics, Biophysics, Photoacoustic ophthalmology, ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography, retinal imaging, spectral-domain, tomography, rat, animal model, imaging
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The Truth About Motor Oil and Your Car . . .
Ever wonder what turns your motor oil from a golden amber lubricant
to that icky black mess after a few thousand miles?
Even under the best driving conditions and with the most meticulous
maintenance, your engine will shed a little metal, tiny particles
of grit in the oil. To provide adequate lubrication for your engine,
oil filters are designed to pass oil freely. Therefore, a certain
number of these tiny particles, or grit, will pass through the filter's
As grit builds up in the oil, friction and wear increases causing
the engine to run hotter. The oil begins to break down. Sludge then
forms and the oil loses its ability to protect your engine. Unfortunately
changing your filter and oil does not remove all the grit and/or
sludge from your engine.
Magna-Guard removes 40-times more grit than your
prevents friction & premature engine wear!
Reduced wear allows for a tighter seal between pistons and rings.
This improves compression and allows for more complete combustion.
Removing grit from oil reduces friction and wear. *SAE (Society
of Automotive Engineers) documents an 8 to 14-times reduction in
Improved combustion coupled with reduced friction gives you more
miles per gallon. *SAE documents a 3.7 to 5% increase in fuel economy.
A cleaner burning, more efficient engine pollutes less. Independent
laboratory tests documented an 18% reduction in toxic-tailpipe emissions
maintenance and operating costs:
Your engine will use less fuel, require fewer repairs and last longer.
Magna-Guard removes 40-times more grit than a filter alone:
Standard oil filters remove particles 20 to 30-microns and larger.
Magna-Guard added to these same filters controls particle contamination
down to 0.5-microns.
*SAE Technical Papers 881827, 881825 & 95255 documented benefits
by controlling particle contamination in the 10-micron range. Adding
Magna-Guard is documented to control particle contamination down
to 0.5-microns. This is a 20-times improvement in particle control
over the SAE Technical Papers and resulting benefits.
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There’s certainly nothing wrong with wanting to keep your automobile in great condition. For many owners, they prefer the vehicles made by Ford. Whether you prefer a Ford F150 or a Mustang, it’s important to protect your vehicle’s paint. Unfortunately, there are many situations that can damage the paint on your automobile. Considering that, it’s important to know what to watch out for. With that in mind, here are four of the most common causes of automotive paint damage.
It’s nearly impossible to use a vehicle without bringing it to a gas station. While pumping gas, you might have overheard someone get angry at getting fuel on their car. The chemicals in gasoline will cause your paint to peel. To avoid this, make sure that no gasoline drops come into contact with your vehicle’s paint. If this happens, have a clean cloth on hand to quickly remove the gasoline from your vehicle’s exterior.
- Bird Droppings
Many drivers think that bird droppings are harmless to their vehicle’s paint. This seems understandable but it isn’t true. As bird droppings land on the paint of your vehicle, damage occurs almost instantly. The chemical compound of bird droppings causes paint to begin eroding. Therefore, it’s best to remove bird droppings from your vehicle as soon it’s noticed. If this continually happens, you’ll want to consider changing where you park your vehicle.
- Car Keys
Statistics gathered from a Direct Line survey found that 52% of all car damage related incidents is due to either keying or scratched paint. In many cases, keys and scratched paint go hand in hand. There are several situations in which keys can damage a vehicle’s paint. Less severe amounts of damage are often caused by the vehicle’s owner. These small scratches occur when people fumble with their keys while trying to unlock their doors. In other cases, automotive paint is damaged maliciously by keys, otherwise known as keying. Fortunately, Ford touch up paint will be able to cover up most of these scratches.
- Shoe Polish
Nearly everyone has seen vehicle’s windows covered with a message made in shoe polish. This is commonly done to celebrate a major life event including a marriage or graduation. However, you might want to think twice before someone does this to your vehicle. While shoe polish doesn’t cause damage to windows, this isn’t the same story for your car’s paint. Shoe polish quickly adheres to your vehicle’s paint, making it very difficult to remove. Many dealing with this problem use Ford touch up paint to cover up the polish.
Taking Care of These Scratches
If you’re dealing with automotive paint scratches, it’s understandable to want to have them fixed. That being said, make sure you avoid trying to remove any materials with dirty clothes. While you might remove the materials, dirty clothes can scratch your paint. Therefore, always make sure that you’re using clean clothes made for automobile cleaning. A recent study found that the auto body industry maintains a current value of nearly $42 billion. However, you can avoid spending expensive repair costs by using your own auto touch up paint kit.
Car touch up paint kits allows vehicle owners to take care of exterior problems. Best of all, you don’t need to be an automotive touch up professional to effectively use these products. You might want to find out which level of scratches you’re dealing with. Vehicle paint scratches are classified under levels including 1A, 1B, 2, 3, and 4. Level 1A scratches are the least severe, level 4 scratches are the most severe. You’ll also want to make sure that you’re using the right color of Ford touch up paint for your upcoming project.
In closing, there are several common ways for vehicle paint scratches to take place. It’s understandable to feel stressed out after dealing with these situations. Fortunately, it’s not the end of the world. In many cases, Ford touch up paint takes care of many types of paint damage. That being said, it’s important to ensure you’re purchasing these items from a trustworthy paint touch up kit supplier. In turn, you’ll be able to accurately touch up the paint on your Ford like a professional.
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Buried Treasures in North America Jean Laffite's Loot
About buried treasure in North America, history of Jean Laffite's loot including Hill's ranch and Hendrick's lake, account of previous searches and locations.
HANDY GUIDE TO BURIED TREASURE IN NORTH AMERICA
Jean Laffite, the French pirate with an aristocratic air, and his confederates took millions in loot from ships in the Gulf of Mexico back in the early 1800s. Escaping from his American pursuers, Laffite most likely buried the treasure somewhere around New Orleans, La., or Galveston, Tex.
How It Got There: When Laffite settled down in New Orleans, he was already a rich man, but he continued smuggling, using a blacksmith shop as a front. He quickly became the leader of the local pirates, and, in spite of the fact that he fought on the American side in the Battle of New Orleans, authorities gave him so much trouble for his illegal activities that he moved to Galveston Island, then under Spanish control. With a red house as his headquarters, he collected a 20% rake-off on all treasure taken by 1,000 local pirates. By the time he was driven from the island, he had, it is believed, amassed more than $10 million, which he took with him on his ship Pride.
Some say that the Pride went aground on a sandbar near the mouth of the Lavaca River, not far from Corpus Christi, Tex., and that Laffite buried the $10 million on land later owned by a rancher named Hill, marking the spot with a jacob staff, a brass rod used to support a compass.
Previous Searches: One of Hill's ranch hands found the rod, pulled it out, and took it home. Suspecting that it had marked something important, Hill went to the area where it had been, but even with the ranch hand's help, he was unable to locate the original spot. A pirate who helped Laffite bury the treasure allegedly told a bartender about its location, and the bartender in turn told it to treasure hunter J. C. Wise. Wise spent five days searching for the treasure with a brass rod, but he found nothing.
How to Get There: The Lavaca River empties into Matagorda Bay between Corpus Christi and Houston. Take Route 59, then a side road, to reach it.
How It Got There: The story goes that Laffite was ambushed by the Spanish while he was heading a wagon train that carried $2 million in silver ingots taken from the Spanish brig Santa Rosa. He cut the mules loose from the wagons and let the wagons roll into nearby Hendrick's Lake.
Previous Searches: A fisherman brought up three silver bars from the lake in 1920.
How to Get There: Hendrick's Lake is near Galveston, Tex.
How It Got There: Laffite reputedly buried treasure on Padre Island.
Previous Searches: John Singer, brother of the sewing-machine inventor, found a chest containing $80,000 worth of gold and jewels on Padre Island, then reburied it for safekeeping during the Civil War. When he attempted to dig it up again, he was unable to find it despite several frantic searches.
How to Get There: Padre Island is a stretch of land 180 mi. long between Corpus Christi and Brownsville, Tex., off Route 77.
Gold Point in Matagorda Bay, Tex.; Barataria, near the Mississippi Delta in Louisiana; an island in Lake Borgne, La.; Pecan Island (where coins have been found), Avoyelles Parish (where a pot with 3,000 Charles IV doubloons was unearthed), Kelso's Island, and Honey Island, all in Louisiana.
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Postpartum exercise isn’t an easy task for new moms. The baby’s needs seem overwhelming in the beginning, especially if you have other children to care for. Once your doctor gives you the okay to resume working out, it’s important to begin as soon as possible. For natural births, the time is usually between 6 to 8 weeks postpartum. Cesarean births require a little more time due to how well your incision heals. As your baby gets older, you have more time to get back in shape as well. Plan exercise time around naps or even ask a trusted family member to watch the baby. Ask your husband to watch the little ones for 30 minutes at least three times a week. Below are four benefits of postpartum exercise for mothers. These benefits keep you in shape and provide more energy to take care of your family.
1. Get Strong Inside
Childbirth takes a lot out of a woman’s body. The physical appearance is just one aspect of exercise. Your inside health is just as important. Postpartum exercise strengthens your immune system, encourages your uterus to shrink back to normal and wards off sleepiness. The more energy you have, the more you’re able to keep up with the demands of raising a family. Exercise also prevents you from getting sick.
2. Lose the Pregnancy Weight
A great number of women feel upset about pregnancy weight gain. Most of the weight comes off after giving birth, but a few pounds remain. These pounds can come off if you eat right and stick to an exercise plan. Begin your postpartum exercise at a reasonable pace. Don’t expect to lose all your pregnancy weight overnight. With time and patience, the weight will come off and stay off.
3. Meet Other Moms
Moms need this time to relax and unwind. Although becoming a mom is a rewarding part of life, it wears you down. Visiting a spa alleviates stress, but it does not help you in the long run. Postpartum exercise gives you special time to yourself. Spend this time to strengthen your mind and body by adding yoga or Pilates into your exercise plan. A good number of moms sign up for classes. These classes not only get you back in shape, but also help you meet other mothers just like you.
4. Improve Appearance
A great appearance influences how you feel about yourself. Confidence is a key ingredient for beginning postpartum exercise and continuing it later on. The better you feel and look often motivates you to continue on the path to good health. This also teaches your kids about exercise as well.
Each time you do postpartum exercise, you get closer to your goals. It takes persistence and time to get back into pre-pregnancy mode. The biggest step in accomplishing this is accepting the changes in your body. Be aware that you may not go back to exactly the same as before, but the new you is just as wonderful.
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The Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) recently issued new guidelines for the ‘Mission Vatsalya’ Scheme in order to lay out a future roadmap for child protection.
- Prior to 2009-10, there were three schemes being implemented under the MWCD, namely,
- Programme for Juvenile Justice for Children in need of care and protection and Children in conflict with Law;
- Integrated Programme for street children; and
- Scheme for assistance to homes for children (Shishu Greh).
- All the three schemes were incorporated in a single centrally sponsored scheme called the Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS), which was implemented by the Ministry since 2009-2010.
- The scheme was then renamed as “Child Protection Services” Scheme in 2017.
- The CPS Scheme has been now subsumed under Mission Vatsalya from 2021-22 onwards.
About Mission Vatsalya –
- It is an umbrella scheme of the MWCD, which aims to provide a roadmap to achieve development and child protection priorities aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
- It lays emphasis on child rights, advocacy and awareness along with strengthening of the juvenile justice care and protection system with the motto to ‘leave no child behind’.
- It is implemented as a centrally sponsored scheme.
- Basic framework for implementation —
- The provisions of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 form the basic framework for implementation of the Mission.
- Components —
- The Scheme includes statutory bodies, service delivery structures, institutional care or services, non-institutional community-based care, emergency outreach services, training and capacity building.
- Vision of the Scheme —
- To secure a healthy and happy childhood for each and every child in India.
- To ensure opportunities to enable them to discover their full potential and assist them in flourishing in all respects, in a sustained manner.
- To promote family-based non-institutional care for children in difficult situations, based on the principle of institutionalisation as a last resort measure.
New guidelines –
- The guidelines elaborate on the vision for “Vatsalya Sadan,” with a specific focus on “Juveniles in Conflict with the Law.”
- Vatsalya Sadan is an Integrated Home Complex of Child Care Institutions (Children Home, Observation Home, Special Home, Place of Safety).
- The Juvenile Justice Board and Child Welfare Committee is also located within the same premises.
- The new guidelines include promoting family-based non-institutional care for children in difficult situations, as well as the establishment of “Cradle Baby Reception Centres” for receiving abandoned babies vulnerable to trafficking.
- Cradle Baby Reception Centres shall be fully equipped to care for infants in at least one specialised adoption agency (SAA) per district.
- Their objective shall be to rescue the abandoned children and look after them till they are adopted.
- The guidelines make no mention of the existing helpline number (1098-Childline) or its future.
- The guidelines, however, state that “Mission Vatsalya,” in collaboration with states and districts, will implement a 24×7 helpline service for children.
- This helpline service will be integrated with the Ministry of Home Affairs’ Emergency Response Support System 112 (ERSS-112) helpline.
- The new guidelines define the role of the District Magistrate, who will be responsible for ensuring execution of the mission at the district level.
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- Current figures of the effects of flooding
Most businesses in Brandon's flood evacuation zone will soon be able to reopen as levels on the Assiniboine River continue to drop.
Officials in Manitoba's second-largest city are also preparing to get some of the 1,200 evacuees back into their homes.
"We have been telling people that we were going to get them back just as soon as we can. There was a sense that the river was going down fast enough that it was now safe to bring the businesses on the north side of the river back," said Mayor Shari Decter Hirst, adding it will take a bit longer to get businesses on the south side of the river back in.
The city has developed a three-phase program to return to some semblance of normalcy.
The first phase will allow businesses in the Corral Centre and the Paddock shopping and business centres to return on Saturday. Those businesses will then be able to open to the public by May 24.
Current flood figures
- 3,360 — Manitobans evacuated from their homes, including 1,391 in Brandon.
- 1,236 — Evacuees who have been able to return to their homes in the Red River Valley.
- 1,600 — Canadian Forces personnel helping with flood fight.
- 400 — The current flow in feet per second of the controlled release on the Assiniboine dike at the Hoop and Holler bend.
- 3.42 — The area in square kilometres affected by the controlled release at the Hoop and Holler dike.
- 237 — The number of private applications received by the provincial disaster financial assistance program. There have been 84 municipal claims filed.
Phase two focuses on business located along 18th Street while phase three centres on letting the first 500 people from the flood zone return to their houses.
The city hasn't set exact dates for phases two or three.
Despite the improving conditions, the city's emergency co-ordinator, Brian Kayes, warned that the water levels are still above the 100-year flood level and the current is still moving very fast.
The city isn't about to put anyone into a risky situation, said Decter Hirst.
"You're most vulnerable when you're sleeping and if we needed to evacuate in the middle of the night that would be a challenge," she said.
Reinforcing weak spots
Floodwaters have peaked and are now receding in a deliberately flooded area of Manitoba.
Emergency Measures Minister Steve Ashton told the legislature on Thursday that he is cautiously optimistic the worst is over.
A weak spot in the Portage Diversion west of Winnipeg has been reinforced and the diversion channel continues to redirect water from the swollen Assiniboine River to Lake Manitoba.
The water has also now peaked in the Portage la Prairie region where the province deliberately cut a dike at the Hoop and Holler Bend on May 14, flooding rural land to protect other homes downstream.
The water is receding but it will be months before life returns to normal there, Ashton said, adding Lake Manitoba will likely remain high well into the summer.
Crews worked furiously Wednesday to shore up a weak spot in the Portage Diversion, after a portion that had been built up to handle more volume of water began seeping and needed major repair.
The diversion channels water from the swollen Assiniboine River into Lake Manitoba.
Sunny skies and round-the-clock work by the Canadian Forces helped Manitoba gain the upper hand in the fight, Premier Greg Selinger said.
The clear, warm weather dried out muddy dikes and made it easier for crews to reinforce vulnerable spots with sandbags.
As a result, the province's flood protection around the raging river has improved dramatically in the last few days.
"Just four or five days ago, there were about 16 hot spots where the dike was at risk of breaching. Now, they've narrowed it down to less than a handful and are strengthening them as we speak," Selinger said.
Hoop and Holler's slow flow
The breached dike at Hoop and Holler Bend hasn't been nearly as devastating as once feared. While the province initially warned it might have to release up to 3,000 cubic feet of water per second (cfs), the flow has remained around 400 cfs.
No homes in the area have been seriously damaged by the release of water and the cut could be sealed off in the next few days, Selinger said.
While some have criticized the decision to deliberately flood the area — sending residents into a frantic panic to protect their homes — the premier said it was necessary.
"The controlled release did take a lot of pressure off the dikes at a critical time," he said. "It allowed them to make a lot of progress in the last four or five days.
"As soon as the controlled breach can be closed, and the dikes are safe and the diversion is safe, then we'll get a recommendation from our officials to close it."
'Not out of it yet'
Selinger said the province is working on a compensation package for affected homeowners in the Hoop and Holler region that will go beyond normal disaster relief. The province hopes to roll out those details in the coming days.
Manitoba will be looking to the federal government to help reimburse residents, Emergency Measures Minister Steve Ashton added.
He said the precedent was set in 1997, after the province's "flood of the century," when Ottawa helped Manitoba with flood recovery.
While being more optimistic about the flood situation, Ashton has warned that residents should not yet be complacent. There is still a real risk the province's dike around the Assiniboine could fail.
"We are not in any position to stand down in terms of our 24/7 flood fighting efforts," Ashton said. "This is an unprecedented flood event in the Assiniboine valley ... We are not out of it yet."
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Judge Gary Brown, a federally-appointed magistrate judge of the U.S. District Court of the Eastern District of New York, recently ruled that an IP address is no more able to identify wrong-doers than a telephone number can be used to incriminate someone.
His determination was made in response to a fresh round of lawsuits launched by Voltage Pictures. The film studio's sights are set on 2,500 BitTorrent users who are accused of illegally downloading The Hurt Locker. The Oscar-worthy flick suffered underwhelming box-office revenue, something the flim studio has blamed on piracy and an early leak of the film.
Judge Brown's thoughts are spelled out in this 26-page court ruling where he discusses the precarious nature of using IP addresses to identify individual perpetrators. He also recommended the case be dismissed on that basis.
"Thus, it is no more likely that the subscriber to an IP address carried out a particular computer function -- here the purported illegal downloading of a single pornographic film -- than to say an individual who pays the telephone bill made a specific telephone call," [...] "Most, if not all, of the IP addresses will actually reflect a wireless router or other networking device, meaning that while the ISPs will provide the name of its subscriber, the alleged infringer could be the subscriber, a member of his or her family, an employee, invitee, neighbor or interloper"
In 2011, Voltage Pictures had launched a "reverse class-action" lawsuit -- the largest of its kind -- which targeted 24,583 individuals thought to have downloaded The Hurt Locker. Those accused were being sued for an average amount of $2500-$3000 each. Interestingly, that means the studio stood to collect as much as $70 million or so in damages -- enough dough to make any movie a box office hit.
Because of the film studio's "shoot first, ask questions later" approach, the original mega-lawsuit had been slowly unraveling as prosecutors scurried to link IP addresses to the identities of suspected culprits. In January 2012, the case was dismissed by Judge Beryl Howell on the grounds that Voltage Pictures could not produce enough evidence to support its lawsuit within the time limit of 120 days. Voltage tried narrowing its focus to 2,300 suspects but still couldn't meet the court's deadline. Judge Howell then denied the prosecution's request for an extension, effectively ending the lawsuit.
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Steve Blank is the closest thing Silicon Valley has to a guru.
The serial entrepreneur turned writer and professor has a big theory: entrepreneurship is a skill that can be taught.
At Stanford and Berkeley, Blank teaches scientists to get out of their labs and find real customers for their ideas -- without getting bogged down in the traditional MBA weeds of spreadsheets and revenue models.
Blank and a few other like minds traveled a lonesome road earlier this decade, but now their ideas are broadly admired, and they help inspire the current crop of startups coming out of the Valley -- and the angel investors and VCs who fund them.
We caught up with the outspoken professor to talk about the state of the tech business today.
Highlights from our conversation:
- The LinkedIn IPO "absolutely" marks the beginning of a bubble -- and he thinks it's going to be great. He likens it to the Netscape IPO in August 1995 that kicked off four years of boom times, but notes that this time VCs actually know how to build real companies with real revenue and profit.
- Crazy investors -- not geeks -- are what makes Silicon Valley unique. Without the "crazy" financiers willing to take big risks in hopes of chasing "obscene" returns, the valley would just be "a bunch of smart scientists and entrepreneurs sitting in their labs and their garages."
- Microsoft will start to fail within six quarters. Blank put a timeline on Microsoft suffering the kind of huge loss that drove IBM to restructure itself back in 1993: six quarters from now. He thinks Steve Ballmer is a "miserable failure" and that the board should be blamed for not replacing him. He also suggests that buying Nokia and installing Stephen Elop as CEO might be a solution.
- But Larry Page is doing the right thing at Google. By letting the geeks run the show, Page is following in the footsteps of one of the earliest Silicon Valley pioneers: Fairchild Semiconductor in the 1950s.
Here's a lightly edited transcript of the full interview.
Business Insider: Let's start with the big LinkedIn IPO this week. Do you think we're at the beginning of another big tech boom like the 90s?
Steve Blank. Absolutely. Tech boom and bubble. Away we go. I think it's going to be great.
BI: So you'd call it a bubble?
SB: Oh absolutely. There's no rational basis for the valuations. It doesn't mean it's a bad company, it just means that we're now into buying things because we think the sector's going to be hot and there's going to be more to follow.
I also think we're much smarter this time. Last bubble, we didn't say it was a bubble. We said it was the new normal. Now at least journalists and financial analysts are being smart and asking "what does this mean and when does it end?" I think it's not March 2000, I think it's August 1995 -- Netscape's IPO. It'll bring a lot of cash and innovation into technology clusters.
BI: Other than the fact that people recognize it as a bubble, do you see any other differences between what's happening today and what was happening in the late '90s?
SB: It may be instructive to remember what happened before the late '90s. VCs tutored their companies on how to grow revenues and how to get customers. Up to August '95, you couldn't take a company public through any of the boutique technology players, the Hambrechts, the Robertsons, the Montgomerys, without having five quarters of increasing profitability and revenue.
August '95 through March 2000, the rules changed because there was an unending appetite in the financial markets -- VCs didn't have anything to do with it, it was the investment banks and the public. So venture capitalists -- because they're smart and organized to optimize profits for their limited partners -- stopped being company builders and started becoming financial engineers. Startups and Silicon Valley companies were no longer building revenue or profits, they were building slideware and concept and hype. If it had the letter "e" or "Internet" it was a concept IPO.
Post-crash, VCs picked through the rubble and spent the last decade building companies. This bubble is beginning not with hype, but built on the rubble on the last one. These first 10, 20, 50 companies coming out that have filed have real revenue, real profits, real customers. I think that's dramatically different between this bubble and the last. I'm not concerned about the first wave of companies.
We also know now, which we didn't 10 years ago, how to eliminate the egregious infant mortality risks. It used to be war stories. Now I can probably say "talk to me about your customers" after 6 months. If you can't do that, I can't guarantee you're going to fail but you're sure not on a high probability trajectory.
"Tell me what you found outside the building." "Oh, we're still working on the spec." Not a good sign.
BI: So explain your concept of lean startups, what that is and why it works.
SB: Venture capital and technology entrepreneurship is at best 50 years old in its modern form. What we did for the first 50 years of startups was get it wrong. We treated startups as smaller versions of large companies. We said "everything you do for these large companies -- business plans, you need to write one. VPs of sales -- you need to have one. Revenue plans -- you need to execute that. Everything they do at IBM, you need to do in your startup, just a smaller version."
It took 50 years to realize why that's wrong. Large companies execute known business models, while startups search for a business model. The distinction between execution and search is huge. People who execute are incredibly uncomfortable in a chaotic environment, and people who are wonderfully comfortable in chaos go crazy in an execute environment. Business plans, which are great for your second and third product in a large company, are a joke in a startup when it's all a series of unknowns.
My work, Alexander Osterwalder, Eric Ries, and others are now creating the equivalent of a parallel stack -- what you learned in business school for execution, we're now teaching what you learn for search.
BI: I've heard some people criticize the angel model in that it encourages small ideas and small exits. Would you like to see more startups going for big, groundbreaking, home run ideas?
SB: I think that's people looking through the wrong end of the telescope. Those observations are wrong. Big ideas haven't gone away -- VCs writing $10 million checks haven't gone away. Even clean tech hasn't gone away. Adam Grosser raising $2 billion for a clean tech fund out of Silverlake. Elon Musk isn't putting rockets into space for 100 grand or doing Tesla [for cheap]. These are big money ideas.
We now have a methodology, we know how to time the money, so there's very few business cases where you should be taking tens of millions of dollars on day one, even for big ideas.
For example Facebook -- they could have raised a ton of money up front, but you don't need it up front, you need it in the back.
BI: What about big established companies like Google and Microsoft? How can they overcome the innovator's dilemma and recapture some of the energy of the startup world?
Next Page: Microsoft Is Toast.
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October 12, 2021 to November 27, 2021
Galerie Laurent Godin, Paris, France
'The sculptures remind of unknown structures and ruins of mystifying machines and paraphernalia. Primarily, however, they present an autonomous opposite that is uncanny in its paradoxical similarity and difference. The enormous corporeal nature of the sculptures, which also emit peculiar smells, attract attention, yet the viewer may approach them with caution as they emanate potential danger too. Through this interplay between attraction and repulsion Peter Buggenhout’s works manage to fill the space with a cryptic atmosphere. At every turn, something eerie sitting just beneath the surface of the material world emerges from these fascinating sculptures.'
- Holger Kube Ventura, Director of the Reutlingen / Konkret Art Museum
For more information, please click here.
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Usb flash disk formatter v2.09.0 social advice
Users interested in Usb flash disk formatter v2.09.0 generally download:
Memory Stick Formatter - a simple and fast tool to easily and effectively format various models of Sony memory sticks.
This neat and simple application is meant to help you easily and quickly format USB Flash drives (USB memory sticks). This tool is capable of formatting multiple USB drives at once, in a single operation. The “Format USB Or Flash Drive Software” tool is also very easy to use.
USB Disk Storage Format Tool allows you to format any USB flash drive with FAT, FAT32, exFAT, or NTFS partition types. Formatting the disk helps you erase all data and delete space on flash drives that cannot be removed in the traditional way. It can scan the selected drive for errors before formatting.
The SD Formatter is, as its name says, a software used for formatting memory cards.
It can be used with SD memory cards, SDHC memory cards and SDXC memory cards as well. The software is available in two versions, one for Windows and the other for Apple.
Additional suggestions for Usb flash disk formatter v2.09.0 by our robot:
No exact matches found for "usb flash disk formatter v2.09.0". Results for similar searches are shown below.
Exam Formatter is a free tool that will help you import PDF to VCE.
Exam Formatter is a free
Restores original factory FAT32 partiton for WD external drives.
FAT32 formatter is a Windows ... , restore WD disk icon files
This package includes the MO disk formatter for Windows 3.1 and MS-DOS.
and MO disk formatter for Windows ... driver and formatter support a ... the native formatter in
the Free XML Formatter allows users to format their XML files so as to make them readable and usable...
Free XML Formatter allows users ... with lesser disk space. It ... Free XML Formatter is equipped
WLW Source Code Formatter Plugin inserts formatted source code.
Source Code Formatter Plugin inserts ... Source Code Formatter Plugin updates
Fat32Formatter is freeware made to format drive larger than 32GB to FAT32.
USB Disk Formatter is a program designed to format USB data media devices.
USB Disk Formatter is a program ... to an USB port in ... simple way. USB Data Media
AH Formatter is an app for format HTML and XML files for print.
AH Formatter is an
Freecom Hard Drive Formatter - Easily format your Freecom hard drive.
Hard Drive Formatter - Easily format ... Hard Drive Formatter is a ... your hard disk. There are
Ultra Video Converter is a dynamic video format conversion utility.
Lowvel Formatter is designed to fill a storage device with zeroes.
Lowvel Formatter is designed ... of a system disk), "cannot lock
This program uses formatter factories to calculate monthly payment for loans.
specify the formatters returned when ... that uses formatter factories to
SourceFormatX is the professional source code formatter for C,C++.
source code formatter, code beautifier ... . SourceFormatX Code Formatter can transform
It is a VS 2010/2012/2013 add-in that improves your C# programming experience.
C# Formatter is a Visual
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Doug Unplugs on the Farm
Date: December 2020
Duration: 0 hours 5 minutes
A high-tech robot boy enjoys a day of low-tech fun on the farm. When he unplugs, Doug discovers a whole world of what's possible. Soon to be the basis of an animated series from DreamWorks and Apple TV!
Doug and his parents are off to visit the grandbots. But when their journey is interrupted by some sheep in the road, Doug goes from downloading information about farm animals to actually interacting with them!
Doug gets to learn by doing—he herds sheep, milks a cow, gathers eggs, and then uses good old-fashioned “horse sense” to get their car back on the road.
Doug Unplugs on the Farm is a lively celebration of farm life and the value of hands-on learning that will encourage kids to go screen-free and explore the real world! A terrific companion to Dan Yaccarino’s first book of low-tech learning, Doug Unplugged.
Praise for Dan Yaccarino’s Doug Unplugged:
“Without preaching, [Yaccarino] comments smartly on children’s screen time and the necessity of outdoor play and exploration.” —Publishers Weekly
“Yaccarino is especially good at slipping in the small, nourishing details that are savored upon repeated readings. . . . It’s a sweet tale and true to the anti-technology, analog strain that runs through much of Yaccarino’s work.” —The New York Times Book Review
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Do Christian churches use ‘takfir’, as Daesh does?
It seems they do. Saadly.
by Mike Kuhn
A new word keeps showing up in the news describing radical Islamic groups—takfīr. It’s the English transliteration of an Arabic word that means “to anathematize” or “to declare someone apostate or an infidel.”
The ideology of takfīrī groups (e.g. ISIS, al-Qaeda, etc.) draws a very tight circle around what is acceptable belief and practice. In order to belong to the group, one must repudiate moderate interpretations of the Islamic faith in order to conform to takfīrī values and behaviors which are compulsory with very little room for variance. Any divergence is “unbelief” and carries the stiff penalty of exclusion at best or death at worst. Takfīrīs control through power and enforce conformity.
And how is that working for these groups?
View original post 1,283 more words
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One of the best legacies a parent can pass on to a child is the story of his or her life. If told with sincerity and honesty, it can be good medicine for the child. Moll Flanders, a picaresque tale set in London during the 18th century, is organized around this premise.
A feisty little girl is rescued from a terrible orphanage by Hibble (Morgan Freeman), a man in the service of a wealthy and mysterious woman in America. On the long sea voyage, he reads from the journals of Moll Flanders (Robin Wright), the girl's mother who was separated from her.
It is the story of a spirited soul who struggles over the years to escape the degrading and dehumanizing traps of poverty, class, and bad luck. Although Moll almost throws her life away while working in a whorehouse run by the cunning Mrs. Allworthy (Stockard Channing), she finds a loving soulmate in a sensitive artist (John Lynch) who marries her. But tragedy takes away Moll's brief happiness and she again must learn from pain and loss.
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Michigan Technological University celebrated the groundbreaking of its newest building last week on the shores of the waters that it aims to study and help protect.
“It’s heartwarming to see this many people who are passionate about the Great Lakes,” Michigan Tech president Glenn D. Mroz told the crowd.
The Great Lakes Research Center will be located on Michigan Tech’s waterfront on the Keweenaw Waterway, which connects on both ends to Lake Superior. The state is funding three-quarters of the $25.3 million center, with the university providing the remaining $6 million.
The center was an obvious choice for state support, said Mroz, considering that it will house research and education on one of the world’s most precious and increasingly rare resources.
“I taught hydrology and watershed management for 25 years,” he said. “I used to tell my students, 97 percent of the water in the world is salt.”
Most of the rest is tied up in glaciers, he said. Of the tiny remainder, about 20 percent is found in the Great Lakes, and half of that total is contained in Lake Superior, where much of the center’s work will be focused.
State Rep. Mike Lahti, D-Hancock, who was instrumental in helping secure funds for the center, spoke at the ceremony. He noted that the new center would have other benefits as well.
“This is an investment in our state and in the economic recovery of the nation,” he said.
The Great Lakes Research Center will include aquatic laboratories, a hydraulics lab, coastal research instrumentation, boathouse facilities, offices and conference rooms, providing a home at Michigan Tech for interdisciplinary research and education related to the Great Lakes. It will also house a research and educational partnership between Michigan Tech and the US Army Corps of Engineers’ Research and Development Center Environmental Laboratory in Vicksburg, Miss. The Vicksburg lab is the Corps of Engineers’ water resources research hub.
Construction is expected to be completed in about 18 to 24 months under the direction of general contractor Granger Construction Co. of Lansing.
More at http://greatlakes.mtu.edu.
(c) 2010, WWJ Newsradio 950. All rights reserved.
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Some think heirloom vegetablesand fruits are plants with traits frozen in time, so that the seeds you plant through your heirloom gardening endeavors produce the same plants as those grown in your grandmother’s garden. “Impossible!” says Frank Morton, co-founder with his wife, Karen Morton, of Wild Garden Seed in Philomath, Oregon.
Morton works to maintain and strengthen the genetic stock of heirloom cultivars. To him, the idea of the frozen-in-time heirloom is a myth, unless you’ve been storing lettuce seeds in the basement from your great-grandmother. Even then, after the seeds have germinated, the plant population will adapt to its new locale.
Insects, plants, and pathogens are locked in an endless struggle of adaptation, Morton says. Plants create defenses to ward off threats from pathogens and insects, and insects and pathogens in turn develop ways to get around those defenses. Plants also evolve to cope with soil and weather conditions; for example, carrot seed harvested from a dry year will often show different (though sometimes subtle) characteristics than carrot seed saved from a wet year.
For more than two decades, Morton has been on a quest to strengthen the seed stock of organic vegetables, especially heirloom cultivars. He breeds heirlooms and organic vegetables to harvest the seeds of the strongest and most desirable plants. Sometimes he makes new cultivars, and other times he rehabilitates heirloom cultivars for future gardeners. Wild Garden Seed sells seeds online and directly to farmers, as well as to many of the organic seed companies.
As a farmer in the 1980s and 1990s, Morton sold “Seasonal Salad” to restaurants, a salad mix he developed containing some heirloom cultivars. Chefs always wanted variety in produce, and Morton grew heirlooms to accommodate. However, heirloom vegetables often were smaller and less vigorous than their hybrid counterparts.
Morton instantly saw a demand in the marketplace. He knew if he could find a way to make heirloom plants higher-yielding, more vigorous, and easier to grow, all while retaining their uniqueness, he’d have an edge.
As he experimented with different cultivars, Morton began to talk to other heirloom enthusiasts about his work. Sometimes, he encountered resistance: Some gardeners argued that he was violating the principle of heirloom preservation.
“They felt an heirloom was a gift from the past, and you shouldn’t mess with it,” Morton says. However, something about those discussions made him want to explore heirloom seed breeding even more.
A Rainbow of Lettuce
It is love for the pursuit of good seed that drives Morton’s work. One day, while tending a crop of an heirloom ‘Green Salad Bowl’ lettuce, he noticed a red lettuce plant in the row. Morton realized that somewhere along the way, the heirloom was crossed. He liked the color, so he decided to save the seed of the red lettuce and plant it the following year.
“I had sort of naively expected that I would get a lot of red ‘Salad Bowl,’ but what I got was a rainbow,” he says. He knew about genetics and the breeding experiments of Austrian monk Gregor Mendel, but he adds, “There’s nothing like having it apply to you. It was sort of my Mendelian experience.”
Strengthening disease resistance in lettuce has been a preoccupation for Morton in the moist atmosphere of Oregon. Northwestern lettuce farmers may routinely lose some 50 to 60 percent of their crops to mildew and mold.
In 2001, Morton was approached by John Navazio, a plant geneticist with the Organic Seed Alliance in Port Townsend, Washington. Navazio encouraged Morton to apply for a grant from the Organic Farming Research Foundation to breed disease-resistant heirloom lettuce from 40 cultivars on a half-acre of land. Morton received the grant, and he created the optimum conditions for disease by densely planting lettuce, inoculating it with disease, and watering it at the wrong time. The results were not pretty.
“Man, talk about an ugly half-acre of lettuce,” Morton says. “It was incredible. We called it ‘Hell’s Half-Acre.’” Morton found six cultivars that clearly fared better in the trials and began to breed them.
The next year, Morton began growing the offspring of those lettuces, and says they’re absolutely beautiful. Wild Garden Seed offers a lettuce mix called “Freedom Mix,” composed of the cultivars that fared well in the trials.
Heirloom Seed Rehab
Morton’s work often involves rehabilitating an heirloom cultivar reaching the end of its genetic rope. While efforts have been made to preserve heirlooms in recent years, sometimes not enough seed is collected to keep the cultivar healthy, Morton says. That can result in genetic “bottlenecking,” a loss of genetic variability in a plant variety.
Such was the case with a beet cultivar called ‘MacGregor’s Favorite,’ which Morton was asked to rehabilitate. When Morton grew the beet, it had low vigor and often wouldn’t overwinter to produce seed. By looking at the plant’s traits, Morton realized ‘MacGregor’s Favorite’ had been crossed with another cultivar at some point. So, Morton began to grow the beet out, culling any plant that wasn’t strong and didn’t have the true MacGregor characteristics. He succeeded in keeping the cultivar from disappearing, but he admits the victory may be somewhat hollow for heirloom purists.
Morton’s rehabilitated ‘MacGregor’s Favorite’ has distinctive and delicious salad leaves. The magenta-purple leaves have a metallic sheen, and tend to be longer, narrower, and tenderer than other beet or chard leaves.
Morton could put his name on it to reflect the changes (such as calling it a ‘Morton MacGregor’), but renaming a plant can be a headache. The name probably would be dropped by many seed companies, and most growers would not know whether they were growing a ‘Morton MacGregor’ or a regular ‘MacGregor’s Favorite.’ Morton’s rule of thumb is that if the new plant keeps the same appearance and taste as the original, it keeps the old name. If he has to rename a cultivar, he usually provides a clue to the cultivar it came from in the new name.
Morton also performs preventative maintenance on heirloom cultivars in order to keep them healthy. His job, he says, is to cull any plant that isn’t strong or doesn’t fit the characteristics of the cultivar. It’s a brutal but essential type of housekeeping that’s required to maintain heirlooms.
Managing Seeds for the Future
Seed management is an important part of organic agriculture that is frequently neglected, Morton says. The organic farming movement often focuses more on changing farming practices to avoid using chemicals and prevent crop loss. Tomato growers in some regions graft their heirlooms onto hybrid tomato plants to prevent soilborne diseases. The practice is effective, but takes more time and care.
Working on seed health can prevent problems before they occur, Morton says. He would rather work on the seed stock of those heirloom tomatoes until they are more disease-resistant—the same way he bred lettuce to resist mildew and mold.
“In organics, we have really undersold the potential of plant breeding,” he says.
Morton is heartened by the influx of young, professional seed growers entering the field. When he began seed breeding, Morton felt like a loner in the organic farming community. Only 40 seed farmers attended a meeting of organic seed producers in 2000. If that meeting were held now, he says, there would be hundreds of seed farmers, many of them with advanced degrees.
“The interest in seeds in organic agriculture is growing exponentially,” he says. “I get résumés every week from people who want to work for me.”
Ultimately, Morton views his work as completing the equation for maintaining heirlooms for future generations.
“Preservation is absolutely essential,” Morton says, “but you’ve also got to keep up the evolutionary dance.”
Search for Seeds
Explore the latest heirloom and organic additions to Morton’s online seed catalog at Wild Garden Seed.
Craig Idlebrook is the editor for an online community and news site for people with Type 1 diabetes. He has written for Mother Earth News and other regional and national publications.
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Writing - What Has Changed And What Has Not
I attended a friend’s birthday party last night and was talking to a person we know who deals in rare books and manuscripts and art. We got to talking about the old manuscripts he has represented for writers.
It was fascinating to hear about the handwritten manuscripts, often three, four, or five sequential versions with markups before the work was finished. Apparently collectors value the early versions more than the final versions because they can see how the work was shaped into the final product.
It was also interesting to hear about the transition from handwritten manuscripts to typewritten work in the early part of the 20th century and even more interesting to hear about the transition from typewritten work to digital work in the past 25 years.
Typewriters didn’t change much about the writing process apparently. Writers still prepared several versions of manuscripts which were hand marked. Collectors can still acquire versions of works in progress.
Of course the digital revolution has changed that. Now there are hundreds of versions, depending on how maniacal a writer is about saving various versions of their work. The person I was talking to told me how he had recently sold the entire digital work of a famous person to a university. He literally sold a hard drive.
I never considered myself a writer. I went to engineering school and hated writing. I think my dislike of writing came from my severe inability to write as a kid. I can’t hold a pen or pencil very well, I hold it way too tightly, my handwriting is terrible, hard to read, messy, and often illegible. Typewriters made life easier for me, but the big breakthrough came when I started writing on a computer. For years it was just memos, email, business stuff.
But blogging has changed all of that. Now I write every day. I feel incomplete until I write something. Often it’s hardly worth hitting the "save" button. Sometimes it’s good. Once in a while it’s great. But it’s a routine and one I cherish.
Our conversation last night ended with a discussion of letters. How letters are a lost art. Hardly anyone writes letters anymore. The rare book dealer told me that emails between writers and famous people are rarely well written or as interesting as the letters he sells. I was thinking that it’s a shame that letter writing is done as an art form. But then I realized that it’s evolution at work. We lose something, letters, and gain something, blogging.
I hope blogging will inspire people to compose their thoughts as eloquently as letters have done over the years. It sure has inspired me.
Note: That photo is a letter that Chief Justice John Marshall’s letter to his wife Polly,
dated 8 August l800. I found it here.
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PREDIKSI UN BAHASA INGGRIS SMP / MTS TERBARU BESERTA KUNCI JAWABAN
Bagi adik-adik sahabat SBI yang ingin latihan soal ujian Bahasa inggris. Dibawah ini adalah prediksi soal UN Bahasa Inggris SMP beserta kunci jawaban. Semoga bisa membuat adik-adik sekalian lebih siap menghadapi Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris.
Prediksi Soal Ujian Bahasa Inggris
Choose the correct answer!
1. Read the notice.
ROAD CLOSED UNTIL WEEKEND
This sign means …
A. We are allowed to pass only in the weekend
B. We must not pass the road until the weekend
C. We are supposed to pass on Saturday
D. We are not allowed to close the road in weekend
Read the text for no. 2 to 4
Semarang, August 5th 2008
Please come to my thirteenth birthday party on Sunday,
August 10th 2008 at 7 p.m in my house.
I’ll be happier if aunt Lina and uncle Herman come too.
Thanks for coming.
2. What year was Windy born?
A. 1992 C. 1994
B. 1993 D. 1995
3. Windy hoped that Ayu …
A. brought a present
B. attended the party
C. wore new dress
D. saw the party
4. The party was held in …
A. in the morning
B. in the afternoon
C. in the evening
D. in the mid night
5. Read the notice.
This notice means …
A. This place is for those who do not smoke
B. This place is special for non-smokers
C. Smoking in this room is allowed
D. Smoking in this place is forbidden
Read the text for no. 6 to 7
All the students of nine grade are invited to come to the meeting which will be held at 10 a. m tomorrow in the hall of our school. Please come on time. Don’t be late
Chief of Students Association
6. What is the announcement about?
A. Information to come to the meeting.
B. Information for not being late.
C. Instruction for coming on time.
D. Time to attend the meeting.
7. Which of the following statements is true based on the text?
A. All the students must come to the meeting.
B. The students are allowed to be late.
C. The meeting will be held in the classroom.
D. The meeting will start at 10 a. m
Read the text for no. 8 to 11
Sarah Jeanette Davies is Miss World Australia 2004. She is twenty four years old and graduated with a Bachelor of Business in Communication and Public Relationship.
Sarah is also a model and sport woman. She has also been in many advertising campaigns and television commercial. She was state champion of Queensland in the Rhythmic Gymnastic in 1998 and 2006.
Sarah’s first duty after becoming Miss World Australia was visiting a charity called “variety” in Tasmania. “Variety” is children’s charity and also did a lot of work with disabled people.
After this, Sarah would be a television presenter. She said that media industry very competitive in Australia.
8. How has Sarah been in television?
9. Why would she be TV presenter? Because …
A. media industry is very commercial.
B. media industry is very competitive.
C. she wanted to be more popular.
D. she wanted to be a manager of media.
10. “Variety” is children’s charity and did a lot of work with disabled people.
The word”disabled people” means people who …
A. are unable to use their body properly
B. do not have parts of the body
C. are unable to use tools properly
D. got accident
11. From the text, we know that Sarah …
A. is businesswoman.
B. is not the Miss World Australia 2004.
C. has just finished high school.
D. is also in many advertising campaigns.
Read the text for no.12 to 15
Once upon time, when drinking at the side of stream, a thirsty little ant fell into the water and got carried away. “Help, help. I cannot get out!” cried the ant.
Fortunately a kind bird, a dove saw that the ant is in danger. She plucked a leaf of tree with her beak and placed it on the water just in front of the ant.”Get on the leaf ant and I’ll carry you to safety.” said the dove. Then, the ant quickly climbed on the leaf and the dove immediately rose into the air with the leaf in her beak.
Some days later, when the ant was searching for food at the bottom of a tree, he suddenly heard a cruel looking man stalking forward the tree. He had a big gun, which he kept pointing up in the air, ready to shoot.
Quickly and with all strength, the ant ran up the tree, calling to the bird to fly away. The bird was out of sight in a moment.
The ant was so happy because he had been able to warn his friend, the bird and so save it from terrible death.
12. What does the story tell us?
A. A helpful dove
B. A good ant and the cruel man
C. A cruel looking man
D. The dove and the ant
13. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. The ant was in danger.
B. The dove saved the ant’s life.
C. The ant climbed on the leaf.
D. The dove rose into the air.
14. How did the dove go away after knowing the danger?
15. Some days later, when the ant was searching for food …
The phrase “searching for” means …
A. looking for C. looking after
B. looking at D. looking up
16. Arrange the jumbled words into a good sentence.
the traffic light – broke – the driver – but also – accident – had – not only
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A. 3 – 7 – 2 – 4 – 6 – 5 – 1
B. 5 – 7 – 6 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1
C. 5 – 7 – 6 – 3 – 4 – 2 – 1
D. 3 – 7 – 2 – 1 – 4 – 6 – 5
Read the text for no. 17 to 19
Australian International School Jakarta
AIS Jakarta is looking to fill the following full time junior school teaching positions:
Kindergarten with Early Childhood Qualifications
Experience in teaching in international schools and dealing with students with non-English background would be advantageous. Applicants must have relevant teaching
qualifications and teaching experience. Competitive salary package.
Applications should be sent to the head of School,Dr. Peter Walbran via email at email@example.com. Or Fax at (6221)717790937
17. What must applicants have to fill in the positions?
A. Relevant teaching qualifications and experience.
B. Experience in teaching English in International school.
C. Experience in teaching non-English students.
D. Relevant teaching all subject and teaching experience.
18. Which statements is true based on the text?
A. Application must be sent by email.
B. Part time job is available.
C. Dr. Peter Walbram is the chief of school committee.
D. The school offers competitive salary
19. “ …with a non-English background would be advantageous …
“Advantageous” means something useful that …
A. puts you to gain more money
B. puts you in better position than other people
C. makes you in the highest position
D. makes you gain more benefit
Read the text for no. 20 to 24
Lions belong to cat family. They are large strong fresh eating animals.
A group of lions consist of 2 to 13 adult females and young lions. All of the females are related; sister, mothers, aunts and cousins. A female will stay in it for life although a large group may split into smaller ones
Female lions care for young lions for together, hunt and eat together. They also aggressively defend from other groups. Equally important, a group of females must often defend young lions from group of males.
Unlike females, young lions are driven from group lions when they are between two and four years old. If they are lucky, they leave with brothers and cousins; if not, they work together with unrelated males. These groups of two to six males are called coalition.
20. Which paragraph tells about the difference of young from female lions?
A. paragraph 1
B. paragraph 2
C. paragraph 3
D. paragraph 4
21. How do the female lions defend their selves?
A. They defend their selves together.
B. They asked a help male lions to defend.
C. Each female defends itself.
D. They defend their selves with male lions.
22. Why do lions live in group? To make …
A. other groups defeat
B. their group safe
C. separate from other group
D. their group bigger than other group
23. “…although a large may split into smaller ones.”
The underline word has synonym …
A. divide C. collect
B. break D. fall
24. The writer wrote the text in order to …
A. entertain the readers about the group of lions
B. describe the lions look like
C. inform the lions and their lives
D. tell how the lions defend their group
Read the text for no. 25 to 26
My hometown is Makasar, the capital of South Sulawesi.
It is one of the most attractive cities in Indonesia because it is right on the water’s edge. We can see a magnificent view and many picturesque island from promenade at the city’s Losari beach. Additionally, on Losari beach we can also eat and enjoy the traditional food of Makasar, such as “pisang epe” while we watch the sun go down in a ball of flaming red and orange.It is a magical place to be in the cool of the evening with the fresh smell of the ocean air and spicy aroma of delicious meals cooking in carts around.
25. What can attract us in Makasar mostly?
A. The water’s edge
B. Magnificent view and picturesque island
C. Delicious meals
D. Carts in everywhere
26. Which statements is true based on the text?
A. We can find traditional food in supermarket.
B. Losari beach is cool every time.
C. Makasar is right on the water’s edge
D. We find delicious meal cooking all around
Read the text for no. 27 to 31
Last week, my wife and I went to visit the town where we both grew up. We had not been there since we were married ten years ago.
First, we went to the neighborhood where my wife, Jane spent her childhood. It had not changed very much. The house where she was born still there, but it is now different color.. They were very glad to see Jane and asked us to come in and had a cup of coffee.
We learned about all neighbor, old and new. Jane had very good time. As far as one question was answered, she would ask the next.
Then, we went to see the neighborhood where I grew up. What a disappointment! It was all changed. All the old houses I remembered were gone. I did not know any of the people where lived there.
Someone had said to me that I could not go home again. Jane might think so, but I believed that was true.
27. The writer wrote the text …
A. to describe a particular events
B. to presenting points of view about an activity
C. to inform a past event
D. to entertain the readers with a funny story
28. When did the writer and his wife visit the town?
A. Ten years ago before getting married
B. Ten years after getting married
C. Ten years ago
D. Last week
29. How did the neighbors meet Jane?
A. sadly C. angrily
B. curiously D. gladly
30. From the text, we know that …
A. The writer felt disappointed
B. The neighbors did not recognize Jane at all
C. All the houses are still the same
D. The neighbors welcomed strangely
31. We learned about all neighbors, old and new.
The underlined word means …
A. saw C. understood
B. observed D. looked at
Read the text for no. 32 to 35
How to make Sticky Date Pudding
• 200 gr.date
• 1 cup water
• 50 gr.butter
• 2 eggs
• 190 gr.white sugar
• 190 gr.flour
• 1 tsp soda
• ½ tsp vanilla essence
Put dates and water in saucepan and heat until coagulate
Beat in the other ingredients
Line pan with greased baking paper
Bake at 19° celcius for 30 minutes
Serve with sauce and cream
32. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To see the ingredients of sticky date pudding.
B. To prepare everything to make date pudding.
C. To inform how to serve sticky date pudding.
D. To tell how to make sticky date pudding.
33. What does the last thing we do in making sticky date pudding?
A. Beat in other ingredients.
B. Line pan with greased baking paper.
C. Put dates and eat in saucepan.
D. Serve with sauce and cream.
34. Why do we use a saucepan?
A. To serve sticky date pudding.
B. To bake sticky date pudding.
C. To put date and water
D. To beat in other ingredients.
35. “Line pan with greased baking paper”
The underline word means …
A. fry C. wrap
B. cover D. put
36. Arrange these sentences into a good paragraph
1. People like to keep them, not as breeding animals.
2. Therefore, people do not need their meat and eggs
3. There are several animals people look for as pets.
4. People like pets because they can be nice and funny
5. They are birds, the cocks, the cats, the dogs and the horses
A. 3 – 5 – 1 – 2 – 4
B. 3 – 5 – 2 – 1 – 4
C. 4 – 1 – 2 – 5 – 3
D. 4 – 2 – 1 – 5 – 3
Read the text for no. 37 to 39
Reog Ponorogo is a very spectacular dance. …(37) wear bright, colorful costumes and are accompanied by gamelan music. …(38) is always performed out in the open such as in a town square or park. Reog dates back during the Hindu period in East Java. The story is …(39) with the legend in Ponorogo Kingdom about 70 kms south east of Solo City.
37. A. Musicians C. People
B. Groups D. Dancers
38. A. Its C. They
B. It D. Their
39. A. related C. brought
B. performed D. protected
Read the text for no. 40 to 43
Delta Good rem is a young Australian singer and song writer.
She is well known in many countries, especially in Europe and of course in Australia. Delta has been singing and acting since she was very young. She has been in
many television commercials and television shows in Australia.
At the age of seven, Delta was in America advertisement for gallop Toys. Delta is classically trained pianist and plays guitar and drums. In 1996, she recorded a demo with five number one hit songs that she wrote herself. That’s when she got contract with a record company and made hit first album Innocent Eyes.
Finally, in 2004 she recorded the second album, Mistaken Identity. On the album, Delta recorded a beautiful duet with Brian McFadden from Westlife. The song is called Almost Here.
40. What is the text about?
A. a singer
B. a song writer
C. a singer and song writer
D. a musician
41. How many songs did she write in the first album?
A. One C. Four
B. Three D. Five
42. From the text, we know that Delta …
A. is a popular in all countries in the world
B. got contract with a record company
C. has two songs with another singer
D. plays music in every concert
43. “She is well known in many coutries, ..”
The word “well known” have similar meaning with …
A. bad C. famous
B. good D. successful
44. Which one is the best arrangement of the sentences below!
1. During training, when they do something correctly, they squeal excitedly.
2. Furhermore, they help each other when they are in trouble.
3. When they make a mistake, however they droop noticeably and more around their
4. Dolphins are interesting animals.
5. For example, they display the human emotion of joy and sadness.
6. They display almost human behavior at times.
A. 6 – 1 – 5 – 3 – 2 – 4
B. 4 – 6 – 5 – 1 – 3 – 2
C. 6 – 4 – 5 – 1 – 3 – 2
D. 4 – 6 – 5 – 2 – 1 – 3
Read the text for no.45 to 47
Jl. Kartini 56, Karanganyar
April 25th, 2008
It will be great pleasure to meet you on our holiday next week. I’ll tell you where I’m going to take you. I’m going to take to “Grojogan Sewu”.It’s beautiful waterfall, about kms from my house.
We can go there in my father’s car. Then we’ll have to walk about ten minutes to reach the waterfall. It’s really beautiful. The water is crystal clear and very cold.
Believe me, you will love it and don’t worry. I’ll take you the other interesting places too.
45. When will the writer have a holiday?
A. Next week
B. April 25th, 2008
C. Next holiday
D. Next year
46. How will they reach the waterfall?
A. By motorcycle
B. By car
C. On foot
D. By bus
47. Which of the following statements is not true about the writer?
A. She is Susi’s aunt.
B. She is Susi’s friend.
C. The writer wants to show interesting places.
D. The writer lives at Jl. Kartini, Karanganyar.
Read this notice!
READ INSTRUCTION BEFORE USING
48. It means …
A. We are forbidden to read anything
B. We have to read the instruction before using it
C. We are possible to read instruction
D. We may read instruction before using it.
Read the text for no. 49 to 50
Hi, friends! We are having
On Wednesday June 15th in class IX B at 8 a.m
Come and join us
Don’t forget to bring something special for us and
wear your funniest clothes to make the party fun
49. What do the students have to bring?
A. The funniest clothes
B. All friends
C. Much money
D. Something special
50. When will the party be held?
A. In the evening
B. In the morning
C. At midnight
D. In the afternoon
KUNCI JAWABAN UJI COBA 1 BAHASA INGGRIS
1. B 11. D 21. A 31. B 41. D
2. D 12. D 22. B 32. D 42. B
3. B 13. B 23. B 33. D 43. C
4. C 14. C 24. C 34. C 44. B
5. C 15. A 25. B 35. B 45. A
6. A 16. D 26. C 36. A 46. C
7. D 17. A 27. C 37. D 47. A
8. B 18. D 28. D 38. B 48. B
9. B 19. B 29. A 39. A 49. D
10.A 20. D 30. A 40. C 50. B
Semoga bermanfaat Para Pembaca Setia SBI 🙂
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Chhattisgarh School Education Department has launched two new campaigns
including a 100-day campaign for the development of children’s reading and
mathematical skill and Skill Hub Initiative program–a vocational educational
course for school drop outs–on the occasion of New Year’s on Saturday.
and Rural Development Minister TS Singh Deo and School Education Minister Dr
Premsai Singh Tekam virtually attended a programme organized at the Government
Higher Secondary School, Ambikapur District Headquarters and launched both
these campaigns on the occasion.
the programme organized at the Mayaram Surjan Government Girls Higher Secondary
School in Raipur, School Education Secretary Dr. Kamal Preet Singh, Samagra
Shiksha Managing Director Narendra Dugga along with the principal, teachers and
parents of the school concerned attended the programme. Teachers parents and
principals from all the districts also attended the programme virtually.
and Rural Development Minister TS Singh Deo while congratulating everyone on
the New Year’s said that the state government has decided to start both these
schemes keeping in view the current needs of children. Children’s education and mental development were most affected during the Corona pandemic period.
Undoubtedly, due to the efforts of the state government and the teachers, the
education of the children continued in the state. The government decided to
open the school to overcome the loss of learning for children due to the
closure of the school during the pandemic. The Department of School Education has
taken concrete steps to bridge the huge gap by starting a 100-day Reading,
Mathematical Skill Development Programme. This will benefit the upcoming
generation and will improve the intellectual level of children. Besides, the
other campaign will ensure a better future for youth through skill upgradation.
the launch of both the schemes, School Education Minister Dr Premsai Singh
Tekam said that a state-wide 100-day reading and mathematical skill development
programme will be started from today to reduce the loss of learning for
children due to the closure of schools during the corona pandemic. This hundred-day
programme has been designed in three levels. The first level covers children
from Anganwadi to class II, the second level from classes III to V, and the
third level includes children from classes VI to VIII. This programme is
divided into 14 weeks. For each week, a separate theme will be shared in
Language and Mathematics. The material prescribed for the week will be
practiced with cooperation of the community, both inside and outside the
added that the Skill Hub Initiative programme for school dropouts is being
initiated for the first time in the state at school level which is based on
holistic education and vocational education. Under this, a total of 86 schools
in the state have been selected by the Government of India. In the first phase,
18 schools from 17 districts of the state have been selected. Through the skill
center, skill development training will be provided to the school dropout
students in the age group of 15 to 29 on the available vocational courses to develop
and enhance their potential so that they can use these acquired skills in the future to earn a living or in other educational activities.
said that the work of connecting the school drop outs to the mainstream of
education will also be done through the skill center. In this training
programme, there will be one batch of maximum 40 students from each school. The
total duration of the training to certification program will be 6 months. The
training will be conducted for about two hours each day after school timing and
on weekly off.
Education Secretary Dr. Kamal Preet Singh has asked the teachers to work on a
war footing in this 100 day long campaign. Children should also pay special
attention to studies for 3 months. On the instructions of Chief Minister
Bhupesh Baghel, the Skill Hub Initiative program is being conducted to provide
employment-oriented training to school dropout children. ITI and
polytechnic colleges have also been included in this initiative. Along with
studies, youth can also take training for getting employment. He said that the
next hundred days are crucial and we have to make the most of it. Managing
Director Samagra Shiksha Narendra Dugga also addressed the program.
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Having Parkinson's doesn't necessarily mean that you will have to stop driving. But there are some things you need to know about staying safe on the road.
When you are diagnosed with Parkinson's, you must contact the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) in England, Scotland and Wales or the Driver and Vehicle Agency (DVA) in Northern Ireland straight away. This is required by law.
We swapped the car for an automatic one. This gave my wife a new lease of life.
Graham, whose wife has Parkinson's
These organisations make every effort to ensure people with health problems can stay as mobile as possible and are safe to do so.
You may need to have a medical or driving assessment.
Take a look at our information about informing the DVLA or DVA about Parkinson's.
The side effects that some people may experience from Parkinson's drugs can affect their ability to drive, for example drowsiness.
The risk of severe drowsiness or the sudden onset of sleep due to Parkinson's drugs is low.
However, if you experience any excessive daytime sleepiness or sudden onset of sleep, you should not drive and you should inform your GP, specialist or Parkinson's nurse.
More information about Parkinson's medication can be found in our free Drug treatment for Parkinson's booklet.
For more information about driving when you have Parkinson's, take a look at our free Driving and Parkinson's booklet or browse the pages in this section.
Last Information Standard review May 2016. Next review May 2019.
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For many years, our stay in the village was cut short, having to leave before nightfall, which in some periods of the year is really early. The lack of electricity made impossible to return to the main road safely, something that was extended to the inhabitants of Seven Guetto on a daily basis.
We started bringing them flashlights, with the short batery life being the main concern. After that, we thought about manual dynamo lights, that helped them to move between houses at night when necessary.
Witnessing the benefits and security reliable light gave them, in 2015 we brought some 8 led small lamps powered by solar panels, that provided electricity throughout the whole night.
After that, it was decided to install a permanent light system in the “Shelter House” (which is an enclosed roofed structure from Project Algubb that serves as a meeting point for the community). In 2016 a whole infraestructure was installed, consisting of two solar panels that power constantly and uninterruptedly 4 spots in and outside Shelter House. This provides safety and security to the village against darkness and wild animals that would otherwise be a menace during the dark hours.
Even though it is a finished projects, when we visited them in 2018 we found out that the energy accumulator had burned and we decided to replace it immediatly. In addition to that, we had to replace the whole electrical system of one of the houses, which we consider a mainteinance expenditure and gladly covered.
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por resolución del ministerio del interior
con fecha 12 de septiembre de 2019
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The Command post of the Dien Bien Phu Campaign
Location: Located in Muong
Phang Commune, Dien Bien District, about 35km, 10km as the crow flies, from the
centre of Dien Bien Phu City, Vietnam.
Characteristics: Here visitors will find the hut where General Vo Nguyen Giap worked and other huts for information and military operation discussion.
Deputy Chief of Staff Hoang Van Thai, deputy head of the Chinese consultants’
group and chief of staff Mei Jiasheng and other officers left Viet Bac for Tay
Bac on December 6th, 1953 to make preparations for the Tay Bac Campaign in
On January 5th, 1954, General Vo Nguyen Giap, Commander-in-Chief of the Dien Bien Phu Campaign and head of the Chinese consultants’ group Wei Quojing left for Tay Bac. The General’s first stop was at Tham Pua Cave (Km 15, Tuan Giao-Dien Bien Phu road). This command post had been set up as early as December 7th, 1953. In this cave, on January 14th, 1954, General Vo Nguyen Giap assigned the tactical tasks for different divisions, following the guideline of “sweep attack, sweep victory” under which the battle would last 2 days and 3 nights with the D-Day set on January 20th, 1954. On January 17th, 1954, the Command post was moved to the area beside Huoi He Stream in Na Tau Commune (Km 56+200, Tuan Giao-Dien Bien Phu road). Due to some reasons, the D-Day was changed to the 25th then the 26th of January 1954. At 11:00 hours in the morning of January 26th, 1954, General Vo Nguyen Giap decided to swift from the strategy to “strike swiftly, win swiftly” to “strike surely, win surely”. This military order was sent to all units in Dien Bien. The Command post was situated in Na Tau from January 18th, 1954 to January 30th, 1954.
At night of the
30th and early of the 31st day of January 1954, the Command post was moved again
to Muong Phang Commune. It stayed there until May 15th, 1954. This was the third
and the last command post of the Dien Bien Phu Campaign. Atop the Phu Ca
Mountain, General Vo Nguyen Giap had a watchtower built to get a panoramic view
of Muong Thanh Field through binoculars. In this Command post one can visit:
- Sentry box No. 1
- Information Center
- Hut of Reconnaissance Operation
- Hut of General Vo Nguyen Giap, Commander-in-Chief of the Dien Bien Phu
- The 96m tunnel through the mountain, connecting General Giap’s hut with that of Chief of Staff Hoang Van Thai
- Area for Chinese consultants
- Hut of Chief of Staff Hoang Van Thai
- Meeting hall
- Political sector
The Muong Phang Command post successfully bore the historical task of liberating Dien Bien entrusted by the Party Central Committee and Uncle Ho.
Source: Vietnam Administration of Tourism
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The most solemn commitment borne by an elected official is to promote the public welfare and keep the citizenry safe. As New York City struggles to rebound from one of the fiercest storms in memory, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg rose to that occasion with an urgent call for government at all levels to forcefully address climate change.
Yes, folks, Gotham gets it.
In an editorial for Bloomberg View, the mayor wrote:
The devastation that Hurricane Sandy brought to New York City and much of the Northeast -- in lost lives, lost homes and lost business -- brought the stakes of Tuesday’s presidential election into sharp relief.
The floods and fires that swept through our city left a path of destruction that will require years of recovery and rebuilding work. . . . In just 14 months, two hurricanes have forced us to evacuate neighborhoods -- something our city government had never done before. If this is a trend, it is simply not sustainable.
Our climate is changing. And while the increase in extreme weather we have experienced in New York City and around the world may or may not be the result of it, the risk that it might be -- given this week’s devastation -- should compel all elected leaders to take immediate action.
He described New York City’s own efforts to fight climate change by reducing carbon emissions “by 16 percent in just five years.” He could also have noted his city’s impressive planning efforts to adapt to those climate effects that can no longer be avoided.
Then comes the kicker, which you’ve probably already heard about: the mayor called for the reelection of President Obama. Local governments “can’t do it alone,” he said.
We need leadership from the White House -- and over the past four years, President Barack Obama has taken major steps to reduce our carbon consumption, including setting higher fuel-efficiency standards for cars and trucks. His administration also has adopted tighter controls on mercury emissions, which will help to close the dirtiest coal power plants (an effort I have supported through my philanthropy), which are estimated to kill 13,000 Americans a year.
Is this the beginning of a tipping point? History shows that extreme events have the potential to focus people’s attention and energy in ways previously thought impossible. In the eighteenth century, the Lisbon Earthquake forced a dramatic rethinking across of Europe of the government’s role in hazard management. Portugal’s prime minister launched one of the first scientific inquiries into earthquake mechanics. The government imposed stricter zoning laws and Europe’s first seismic building codes.
Northeast governors whose states are receiving federal assistance after Hurricane Sandy have Herbert Hoover to thank. After the Great Mississippi River Flood of 1927, Hoover, then the Secretary of Commerce, helped establish the national role for disaster recovery in the United States. Less than a decade later, the federal government boosted hazard protection across the nation by taking charge of all flood control projects on allfederal waterways.
Even Hurricane Katrina, for all the dysfunction that ensued, can be credited with impelling the federal government to strengthen and re-energize FEMA and forcing the city of New Orleans to seriously confront long-standing problems with crime, education, and political accountability.
For a brief moment Hurricane Sandy has seized the attention of citizens across the nation and around the globe. In a twist unimaginable even a few days ago, it’s possible that global warming could even influence next week’s knife-edge presidential election.
As followers of this blog know, I’m living in New Delhi this semester. On Halloween morning I awoke to an article in the India Times, titled, “Frankenstorms Can Get Worse as Global Warming Intensifies” (it’s not a subtle publication). “Hurricane Sandy,” the writer speculated, “could be an answer to many who've wondered when America would smell the climate change.” Global warming is a bitter brew. But it must be acknowledged, planned for, and minimized. Mayor Bloomberg, a successful businessman and an effective politician, has announced he’s ready to face the day as it really is. Who’s next?
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Verizon says its new 4G mobile network is more than a marketing gimmick.
It's not just an upgraded or a rebranded 3G network; it's a whole new technology that takes advantage of the company's long-range 700MHz band. And it's coming to Chattanooga within the next three months, Verizon's Karen Schulz said.
Chattanooga will be among the next round of American markets to get the technology, after the carrier previously rolled out its LTE network in 38 major cities in 2010.
"It's just a different technology altogether," Schulz said Tuesday.
With Verizon's new network, wireless subscribers will be able simultaneously to access voice and data and can transfer SIM cards from phone to phone, features that Verizon hasn't previously offered.
Verizon bought $4.7 billion worth of 700MHz spectrum in a Federal Communication Commission auction in 2008 that it will use for the network.
Users will have to buy one of 10 LTE-enabled phones, tablets or laptops to use Verizon's wireless superhighway, but they'll see real, tangible benefits, Verizon claims.
Tests show that speeds in Chattanooga could jump from as high as 1.2 megabits per second up to 12 megabits per second, a tenfold increase, though customers will have to pay a $50 monthly fee for a plan with a five-gigabyte data limit.
The LTE technology used by Verizon and others leapfrogs the HSPA+ architecture being touted by other carriers, which some tech bloggers derisively call 3.5G, Schulz said.
Workers are in the process of upgrading Verizon's base stations in Chattanooga and replacing aging T1 lines with fiber-optic cable in preparation for the launch, she said, though the company won't release either the launch date or 2010 sales figures.
The ultimate goal is for every device, from the washing machine to the fridge, to communicate wirelessly with users and for sales and service workers to carry a mobile office with them in the form of a high-powered tablet, she said.
Competitors T-Mobile and AT&T have also indicated that they will pursue LTE technology, though both currently offer 4G speeds primarily through older HSPA+ technology, which is based on 3G.
AT&T is deploying 4G on a cell-by-cell basis, company spokeswoman Cathy Lewandowski said. Two-thirds of AT&T's total traffic will be carried through 4G by the end of 2011. However, there is no word on when it will be fully implemented in Chattanooga.
T-Mobile will not launch LTE anywhere for several years, preferring to wait until the technology is more firmly established, according to Deutsche Telekom CEO Rene Obermann.
Sprint's competing WiMAX 4G technology is available in Nashville. But spokeswoman Lisa Zimmerman-Mott wouldn't comment on potential future market launches.
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Audiosigned route in Sant Celoni
It is the first audiosignat itinerary created by the municipality of Sant Celoni. The tour includes 12 points of historical and cultural interest, marked on the ground with a small foot that contains a brief description, an indication to access the next point, and a QR code that allows downloading for mobile devices a complete video description of the point of interest, with audio (for people with visual impairment) and sign language (for people with hearing disabilities).
All the texts, audios and sign language, in all the supports of the itinerary (feet, leaflets or mobile application) are available in four languages: Catalan, Spanish, English and French. The complete itinerary lasts approximately 2 hours.
Welcome to Sant Celoni, a city full of history that you will know about following this itinerary. Strolling through its streets you can go back in time and discover the origins and evolution of this town that since ancient times was an important meeting point for merchants and travelers who went to Barcelona or Girona on the royal road that passed through the city.
1. Old Hospital
The route begins in the neighborhood of Vilanova, the last extension of the fortification that extended the Calle Mayor to the junction with the current street Germà Emilià, located on your left. Until the nineteenth century, was the portal that closed the town and was called Can Bonavida portal.
The Vilanova was a typical neighborhood of the small agriculture and Barcelonian art and some of its houses conserve today the original portals. Known as the Old Hospital or the poor and sick of San Antonio Abad, it was a charitable and health institution of medieval origin. The center was formed by the hospital and the chapel.
The building, distributed in ground floor and two floors, surrounded the central patio. On the ground floor there were several chambers and the sacristy. Behind the chapel was the refectory, the kitchen and the pantry. On the first floor there were rooms for the sick, while the second floor was the community of nuns.
At the entrance of the building you can see a large portal with a round arch, with a relief on the upper part that represents the crucifixion. The chapel was rebuilt in 1752 and retains a popular baroque altarpiece.
Currently, part of the building houses the Tourism Office, which in addition to providing information on the resources of the municipality, is an information point of the Montseny Natural Park and the Montnegre and Corredor Park.
We will continue the journey down the main street towards the center.
2. Portal of the hours
Between the streets of San Martín and Mayor, where the portal was located and the Torre de las Horas, you will find the second extension of the wall. Above the portal there was a chapel where Santa Tecla was worshiped and at the top were the bells of the public clock, for which reason it was known by that name.
On the lintel of the doors you can see some inscriptions from this era that refer to some date, the name of the owners or the symbol of the different trades. You can also see the decorations of some original windows of the sixteenth century, which stand out for decorative characteristic of late Gothic style.
Now follow down the Calle Mayor until you reach the Plaza de la Iglesia.
3. Parish Church of Sant Martí
You in front of the Parish Church of Sant Martí, a baroque building that is undoubtedly the most emblematic element of Sant Celoni's architectural heritage.
The sgraffiti of the façade, the most important of the Catalan Baroque both for the large surface they occupy and for the good state of conservation, were completed in 1762. They show allegorical figures of virtues (faith, hope, charity and justice), archangels, saints, musical angels... that are arranged on the facade forming a monumental altarpiece that was restored in 2003.
Another highlight of the cover is the sculpture of Sant Martí, by the sculptor Lluís Montané, made in 1953. In the interior, you can see another image of Sant Martí, by the same author, the canopy with a dome, designed by the architect Francesc Folguera and the murals of the apse of the painter Isidre Roig de Casas, with representations of various scenes of the saint's life. It is a building with a rectangular floor plan and an octagonal apse with buttresses on the outside, between which there are five chapels on each side
4. Mayor Street
The town was growing along the main street, following the layout of the medieval royal road. Along with the Plaza de la Villa, the main street is the commercial center of the town and has shops and establishments -some of centenarian tradition- that serve the natural region of Baix Montseny.
Some houses stand out between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries.
In number 93 is the house of the men of Vilardell, descendants of the legendary knight, Soler de Vilardell. Legend has it that a fierce dragon had frightened the population of Sant Celoni until the knight killed him with his sword of virtue. The falls where the beast was hidden can be visited and is part of an itinerary whose information can be requested from the Tourist Office. Of this house they emphasize the wrought iron balcony and the decorated tiles. At number 136 we find Can Maties with two ogee windows worked in granite.
Continue down the Calle Mayor until you reach Plaza de la Villa.
5. Plaza de la Villa
It is located in the Plaza de la Villa, the nerve center of Sant Celoni that welcomes markets, parties and events of all kinds. Due to its importance, several buildings of historical and architectural interest were built here, among which Casa de la Villa stands out.
To the right of the town hall we find Can Ramis, a house of the XVII and XVIII centuries that takes the name of the owner family. It was reformed in 1950 maintaining a good part of the original elements, such as the portal with the family coat of arms. Other elements that are currently preserved, such as the gallery of reduced arches on the second floor, were added recovered from a house in Barcelona.
Finally, it is worth highlighting the sculpture by Carles Colomo that was dedicated to the Ball de Gitanes on the occasion of the 20th dance after the recovery of this popular tradition. The Ball de Gitanes, documented in 1767, is a typical Vallès dance and it should be noted that Sant Celoni has music, costumes and a dance of its own. It is danced every Sunday of Carnival in this same square.
Continue the tour down the Calle Mayor until you reach the Plaza del Ganado.
6. Barrio de la Fuerza
A few meters further on, on the stretch of the main street that from this square to that of Josep Alfaras, you will find the oldest part of the town, known as the Barrio de la Fuerza, the medieval walled town, which was formed to protect the group of houses that surrounded the chapel of Sant Celdoni, at the foot of the royal road.
The Force had two portals, the Mayor or Barcelona, which overlooked this square and the remains are clearly seen on the corner of Can never close with the main street, and that of the Sants Metges, in the direction of Girona, where there was a chapel to venerate these saints.
From this point, you can go to see the renowned restaurant Can Fabes, in the street of San Juan, founded by the deceased chef Santi Santamaria in 1981 and which was the first Catalan restaurant awarded with 3 stars of the Michelin guide. The restaurant closed in 2013.
To continue with the tour, advance through the Calle Mayor until you reach the Plaza Josep Alfaras.
7. Can Casquet Tower
Of the five towers that, at least, originally had the Force as a whole, only two remain and the angle of a third. The tower that contemplates now and that was inside a private house, is the call of Cal Aymar or of Can Casquet. The battlements that crown it are added later.
To the right of the tower, you will find the rue de les Valls, which reminds you of the valley or moat that surrounded the wall and that filled with water when there was danger to hinder access to the site.
Following this street you will reach the Tower of the Force, restored in 2009.
8. Force Torus
This architectural element of the medieval era was restored in 2009 and for this they had to demolish two houses that had left hidden.
It is a cylindrical tower with a taloned base. Its lower part shows the level of the soil in medieval times that was rising over the years when the area was used to make gardens and other buildings.
From inside we can see that there is no access from the wall inside the building so it is known that it was accessed from the skylight at the top.
Once the visit is finished, go back and resume the Calle Mayor towards the Rafael Ferrer square.
9. Sant Ponç
It is in the Plaza Rafael Ferrer, where the chapel of Sant Ponç is located, the only vestige of the old hospital of leprosy of Sant Nicolàs that occupied part of the current square, located outside the walls to avoid contagion to the villagers. It is a good example of late Romanesque popular style, late twelfth or thirteenth century, restored several times and consisting of a nave and semicircular apse.
To continue with the tour you have to go to the street of Comte Borrell, to the left of the chapel and down to the Paseo del Pertegàs.
Once there, take the walk to the left until you reach the Rectoria Vella.
10. Paseo del Pertegàs
The Paseo del Pertegàs is one of the most pleasant and peaceful places we find in Sant Celoni. With almost a kilometer and a half, it is a road for pedestrians and cyclists that runs parallel to the stream of Pertegàs, a tributary of the Tordera, which allows access to several long-distance roads and other local routes such as Maribaus. The stream is a connector between the urban core and the immediate natural environment, of capital importance for the municipality, since its geographical location has had a close relationship with the mountain.
Now continue along the promenade until you reach the Parque de la Rectoria Vella and go up in the garden by the staircase to the left of the promenade.
11. Rectory Park
This beautiful garden surrounds the buildings of the original core of the city (Sant Martí de Pertegàs and La Rectoria Vella), making the place one of the most pleasant places in Sant Celoni. The garden began to trace the year 1920, when the Rectoria Vella was a summer center and was remodeled in 2000.
The church that you see to the right, is the primitive parish of the town and is documented of century XI. Of Romanesque origin, it expanded considerably in the fourteenth century to adapt to the needs of population growth, adding two aisles and aisles.
Currently, you will find, in the rooms of the ground floor, temporary exhibitions of painting, sculpture, photography...
To continue with the tour, exit through the main entrance of the garden and take the Paseo de la Rectoria Vella on the left until you reach the Municipal Library.
12. The slaughterhouse
In 1926, the municipal architect Josep Domènech Mansana designed this building, somewhat separated from the center, to house the slaughterhouse of the city. The construction follows the form of a farmhouse with a basilica floor plan, with the central nave higher to facilitate the lighting of the space. In 1999 it was rehabilitated and converted into a municipal library with the annexation of a lateral body that can be seen to the right of the building.
Here ends your audiosigned visit. If you go up one of the streets in front of the library, in a few minutes you will reach the center of the city where you will find a wide range of restaurants that offer a varied and quality cuisine, as well as several establishments of centuries-old tradition with artisan products and own the villa.
You can access all videos and documentation of the audiosigned route of Sant Celoni to the municipal website.
Source: City Council of Sant Celoni
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Bass lessons at Castlerock Music Academy, Rock! Bass is a very important part of any band. So here at Castlerock we strive to make our bassists the best we can. We work from a number of books to help teach any student from any age the very important fundamentals required to be a good bass player, and can teach you a range of different playing techniques to suit different styles of music. We teach you songs that you want to learn and the techniques and theory behind it.
We can also put you through A.M.E.B and Trinity Rockschool exams, and help you be as prepared as possible for it. Castlerock has retained a 100% pass rate for the last 10 years.
Once we feel you’re ready we can also help get you into a band through our highly successful and ever growing School of Rock programme, where we put children into bands, based on age and musical interest, and teach them how to write original songs, perform on stage, and how to communicate in a band situation.
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|
Size: 3¼ x 4 in.
Being able to distinguish a manatee from a dugong could tell you which continent you’re on (if you’re in doubt). Knowing the difference between a porcupine and a hedgehog lowers your risk of grievous bodily puncture. Deducing that the wiggly thing underfoot is a king snake and not a coral snake could save your life.
This deck of 48 Knowledge Cards offers entertaining illumination on the characteristics that set one animal (or plant or geological feature or meteorological event) apart from its seemingly similar neighbor.
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Search and browse over 110,000 wildlife and science products
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Lecture by Neil Shubin University of Chicago Paleontologist University of Chicago paleontologist Neil Shubin made headlines with the recent discovery of the 375-million-year-old fossil remains of Tiktaalik roseae—dubbed the “missing link” between fish and land animals. Shubin discusses the evolutionary baggage that we carry in our genetic lineage that originated in earlier animals. The Tiktaalik roseae was discovered in 2004 by Shubin and his colleagues, Dr. Ted Daeschler (The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia) and Dr. Farish A. Jenkins Jr. (Harvard University). Shubin hold several titles at the University of Chicago including Robert R. Bensley Professor of Organismal Biology and Anatomy. Lecture presented by the Harvard Museum of Natural History.moreless
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A Man Escaped (or The Wind Bloweth Where it Listeth) [Un condamnéà mort s'est échappé ou Le vent souffle oùil veut] (1956)
[Robert] Bresson, one of the most thoughtful and
philosophical of directors, was fearful of 'performances' by his actors.
Bresson had wanted to entitle the film 'Aide-toi'
('Help yourself'), part of the French expression, 'Aide-toi, le ciel
It seems strange to me that Robert Bresson referred to himself as a "Christian atheist", because God is very much present in this film. A Man Escaped is based on the true story of André Devigny, a member of the French Resistance who managed to break out of prison just hours before he was to be executed by the Germans. The movie begins with the prisoner, here called Fontaine, being driven to jail. The men beside him are cuffed, but he is not. He tries to get away when the car stops but is recaptured and beaten about the head.
In prison, Fontaine nearly succumbs to despair, fearful that his fellow Resistance fighters will be rounded up too, but then a stranger intervenes, a prisoner exercising in the courtyard who promises to get a note to them. Relieved of this concern, Fontaine once again sets his mind to escape. While other men remain bound either physically or mentally, Fontaine develops a detailed plan of escape and arduously sets about implementing it.
Bresson presents Fontaine's machinations in painstaking detail. He also confines most of the film to Fontaine's cell, so the viewer too feels like a captive. Seemingly forgotten by the Germans, Fontaine delays his escape attempt. He believes that two people will be required to make the attempt work, but is unable to convince anyone else to join him. He is himself afraid to take the leap of faith that it requires, seemingly waiting for a sign that he should go ahead. The sign comes quite suddenly in the form of his death sentence, his crimes not forgotten after all.
But now, just when everything seems to have fallen into place, another prisoner is placed in the cell with Fontaine, a very young man whom he has every reason to distrust as a stool pigeon, planted at the last minute by the Germans. His execution scheduled for the next day, Fontaine has but two choices : kill the boy or include him in the escape. Once again Fontaine has thrust upon him a matter of faith.
His resolution to this problem and the ensuing escape are exciting stuff.
The very sparseness of the film and the way Bresson strips it of emotion,
makes the action, as he intended, speak for itself, and it speaks volumes.
But there are also big ideas at work here, the most refreshing of which,
particularly coming from a Frenchman in the 1950s, is that faith and hope
matter and that we can take some control of events through our own actions.
The most famous image of the French intellectuals' view of life is the
example of Sisyphus, as per
Albert Camus. Sisyphus, a Titan sentenced to eternal punishment
for rebelling against the Gods, has to push a boulder up a hill all day,
and at the end of the day, just as he arrives at the top, it rolls back
down again. Bresson's film is perhaps best understood as a refutation
of this fatalistic and futile worldview; A Man Escaped suggests
that indeed we can escape the fates, can create our own destinies, if only
we have faith and make the effort. The impetus remains with us, even
if the ultimate outcome remains in the hands of "The Spirit".
-FILMOGRAPHY : Robert Bresson (Senses of Cinema)
-OBIT : Robert Bresson, France's revered director, dies at 92 (MICHAEL CRABB - CBC Radio Arts)
<a href=http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/directors/02/bresson.html>-Great Directors--a critical database : Robert Bresson</a> (Alan Pavelin, Senses of Cinema)
-ESSAY : Notes on sound by Robert Bresson (Film Sound Theory)
-PROFILE : French filmmaker Robert Bresson (1901-1999) : "When one is in prison, the most important thing is the door" (David Walsh, 20 January 2000, World Socialist Web Site)
-ESSAY : A Cinema of God's Grace (Robert E. Lauder, The Crisis)
-ESSAY : THE FILMS OF ROBERT BRESSON : The Mozart of French cinema (Joseph Cunneen, Commonweal, Feb 9, 2001)
-ESSAY : Robert Bresson : An Introduction (Kent Jones, Film Comment Magazine)
-ESSAY : Stations Of The Cross : A traveling retrospective is recognizing the late Robert Bresson's lasting influence and unique achievement (RICHARD CORLISS, Jul. 17, 2000, TIME)
-ESSAY : Robert Bresson retrospective : The Wolf looks at the original auteur (Inside Out Film)
-ESSAY : All is Grace : Poetry in motion: The Films of Robert Bresson : Bresson resurrected and renewed (Gary Morris, April 1999, Bright Lights Journal)
-ESSAY : The Cinema of Robert Bresson : The Failure to Find the Holy Grail
-ESSAY : TO SEE THE WORLD PROFOUNDLY: THE FILMS OF ROBERT BRESSON (Shmuel Ben-gad, Cross Currents)
-ESSAY : Fragments of Reality: The Cinema of Robert Bresson (1907-1999) :The world will miss pure auteur style of enigmatic French genius (Rustin Thompson, Movie Maker)
-ESSAY : Robert Bresson: Depth Behind Simplicity (Sarah Jane Gorlitz, Spring 2000, Kinema)
-ESSAY : The Narrative Cracks: Emotion in Robert Bresson (Bill Mousoulis, Senses of Cinema)
-ESSAY : Bresson: Destinies Making Themselves In A Work Of Hands (Mark C. Zenner, Senses of Cinema)
-ESSAY : Four Nights of a Dreamer : A Post-Romantic's View of a Robert Bresson Film (Mark C. Zenner, Senses of Cinema)
-ESSAY : Bressonian (Adrian Martin, Senses of Cinema)
-ESSAY : Notes : Robert Bresson retrospective at the Harvard Film Archive (Adriane Giebel, Summer 1999, Harvard Advocate)
-ARCHIVES : "robert bresson" (Find Articles)
-INFO : A Man Escaped (1956) (Imdb.com)
-INFO : A Man Escaped (Rotten Tomatoes)
-REVIEW : of A Man Escaped (Jeffrey M. Anderson, Combustible Celluloid)
-REVIEW: of A Man Escaped (Ron Reed, 11/23/2004, Christianity Today)
-REVIEW : of A Man Escaped (Acquarello)
-REVIEW : of A Man Escaped (Robert Stewart , Glyphs)
-DISCUSSION : of A Man Escaped (ArtsReformation.com Forums)
-REVIEW : of Diary of a Country Priest (1950) (Jeffrey M. Anderson, Combustible Celluloid)
-REVIEW : of Pickpocket (Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times)
-REVIEW : of Pickpocket (1959) (Rick J Thompson, Senses of Cinema)
-REVIEWS : of Au Hasard, Balthazar (1966) and Mouchette (1967) (Bill Mousoulis, Senses of Cinema)
-REVIEW : of L'Argent (1983) (Adrian Miles, Senses of Cinema)
-ESSAY : How Art Turned into Shmart: Utility in L'Argent (Mark C. Zenner, Senses of Cinema)
-REVIEW : of Robert Bresson by Keith Reader (Tony Lee, Dowse)
-FILM LIST : Derek Malcolm's Century of Film : Robert Bresson: Pickpocket (The Guardian uk)
-FILM LIST : Never Mind the AFI... Here's My Top 100 : Combustible Celluloid's 100 Great Movies : Diary of a Country Priest, A Man Escaped (Jeffrey M. Anderson)
Copyright 1998-2015 Orrin Judd
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New Fully Accessible Family Recreation Center and Spray Park
Many of us have childhood memories of long summer days spent climbing trees, playing on swings and seesaws, and never giving a thought to how we’d take our next step. That’s not the case for many children and their families who because of disabilities find that parks and playgrounds are out of bounds for them.
That’s about to change and I’m very pleased that Lee District will soon be the site of the first fully accessible outdoor recreation area insouth Fairfax County. (Currently, Clemyjontri Park in McLean is the only other fully accessible park in the County’s park system.)
In April, we broke ground at Lee District Park for the Lee District Family Recreation Area and Our Special Harbor Spray Park. The family recreation area will engage children in physical activity and spark their imagination through a fully-accessible tree house and a spray park, called Our Special Harbor, donated by the Joey Pizzano Memorial Foundation—created to improve the lives of children with special needs. The spray park will feature water sprayed from fanciful structures in the form of animals, flowers, and other creative shapes, providing children with safe water activities and fun on hot summer days.
The family recreation center will include a treehouse that overlooks a forest and stream valley and incorporates gently sloping ramps to make it fully accessible to children and adults in wheelchairs or with limited mobility. The family recreation center will include a fully-accessible carousel, a picnic area with covered shelters, and a playground specially designed for all children, including those with disabilities. The first phase of the project will be completed by the end of 2011. Later phases will include a playground, a fully accessible classic carousel, and a family picnic area with covered shelters. We were able to build this unique park without any County General Fund dollars. The $2,175,000 million first phase of the project is funded through a generous $1.2 million contribution from the Joey Pizzano Foundation, the 2008 Fairfax County Park bond, and private donations.
More information about this project is available from the Fairfax County Park Foundation (703)-324-8581 or www.fairfaxparkfoundation.org/.
In This Issue of Supervisor McKay's Lee District Update:
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So you’re that employee who not only excels at the tasks they do, but you finish in record time. You’re on to the next deadline before the previous even came, and your peers and boss see you as the go-to person to get the job done in a jiffy.
You’re running the best race and you usually come out the winner. Well, sometimes, this isn’t a good thing. Writer Kelly Gurnett explores the efficiency trap, and how being too quick with the draw can be a major disadvantage. She writes:
At face value, this is a nice compliment to receive. But the way it was said perplexed me. Why were people so surprised? Were other workers taking much longer to do these tasks—and if so, did that mean I was missing some obvious step? The projects had seemed pretty straightforward to me. Did my bosses think I’d sped through the work to get it over with, probably making a ton of mistakes?
Would it look better if I worked slower?
Instead of being flattering, this reaction was extremely frustrating—like handing in a school project you spent all weekend perfecting, only to have your teacher say, “This looks a little too good, Jimmy. Are you sure your mom didn’t help with some of this?”
The longer I’ve been in the rat race, however, I’ve come to realize how to really parse the “That was fast!” reaction:
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“Introduction: Setting the Context”
Mary Evelyn Tucker and John Berthrong
Confucianism has significant intellectual and spiritual resources to offer in the emerging discussions regarding attitudes toward nature, the role of the human, and environmental ethics. Its dynamic, organismic worldview, its vitalist understanding of ch’i (material force), its respect for the vast continuity of life, its sense of compassion for suffering, its desire to establish the grounds for just and sustainable societies, its emphasis on holistic, moral education, and its appreciation for the embeddedness of life in interconnected concentric circles are only some examples of the rich resources of the Confucian tradition in relation to ecological issues. A more detailed discussion follows of some of the key ideas of Confucianism regarding cosmology and ethics.
It should be noted that we are using the term Confucianism broadly, to cover the entire tradition. In a historical framework, however, Confucianism generally refers to the early part of the tradition in the Classical era (first millennium BCE) through the Han (206 BCE–220 CE) and T’ang (618–907 CE) dynasties up until the ninth century. Neo-Confucianism is a later development of the tradition that arose in the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries and continued down to the twentieth century. A twentieth-century form of Confucianism, arising in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the United States, is known as the New Confucianism.
Chinese naturalism as a primary ingredient of Confucianism in its broadest sense is characterized by an organic holism and a dynamic vitalism. The organic holism of Confucianism refers to the fact that the universe is viewed as a vast integrated unit, not as discrete mechanistic parts. Nature is seen as unified, interconnected, and interpenetrating, constantly relating microcosm and macrocosm. This interconnectedness is already present in the early Confucian tradition in the I Ching, or Book of Changes, and in the Han correspondences of the elements with seasons, directions, colors, and even virtues.
This sense of naturalism and holism is distinguished by the view that there is no Creator God; rather, the universe is considered to be a self-generating, organismic process.1 Confucians are traditionally concerned less with theories of origin or with concepts of a personal God than with what they perceive to be the ongoing reality of this self-generating, interrelated universe. This interconnected quality has been described by Tu Weiming as a “continuity of being.”2 This implies a great chain of being, which is in continual process and transformation, linking inorganic, organic, and human life-forms. For the Confucians this linkage is a reality because all life is constituted of ch’i, the material force or psycho-physical element of the universe. This is the unifying element of the cosmos and creates the basis for a profound reciprocity between humans and the natural world.
This brings us to a second important characteristic of Confucian cosmology, namely, its quality of dynamic vitalism inherent in ch’i. It is material force as the substance of life that is the basis for the continuing process of change and transformation in the universe. The term, sheng sheng (production and reproduction), is used in Confucian and Neo-Confucian texts to illustrate the ongoing creativity and renewal of nature. Furthermore, it constitutes a sophisticated awarenessthat change is the basis for the interaction and continuation of the web of life systems—mineral, vegetable, animal, and human. And finally, it celebrates transformation as the clearest expression of the creative processes of life with which humans should harmonize their own actions. In essence, human beings are urged to “model themselves on the ceaseless vitality of the cosmic processes.”3 This approach is an important key to Confucian thought in general, for a sense of holism, vitalism, and harmonizing with change provides the metaphysical basis on which an integrated morality can be developed. The extended discussions of the relationship of li (principle) to ch’i (material force) in Neo-Confucianism can be seen as part of the effort to articulate continuity and order in the midst of change. Li is the pattern amidst flux which provides a means of establishing harmony.
The Ethics of Self-Cultivation
For the Confucian tradition as a whole, the idea of self-cultivation implies a “creative transformation”4 such that one forms a triad with Heaven and Earth. This dynamic triad underlies the assumption of our interconnectedness to all reality and acts as an overriding goal of self-cultivation. Thus, through the deepening of this creative linkage with all things, human beings may participate fully in the transformative aspects of the universe. In doing so, they are participating in an anthropocosmic worldview rather than in an anthropocentric one. Tu Weiming uses this term to indicate that the human is a microcosm situated in the macrocosm of the universe itself.5 This calls for a sense of relational resonance of the human with the cosmos rather than domination or manipulation of nature.
In cultivating their moral nature within this triad, then, human beings are entering into the cosmological processes of change and transformation. Just as the universe manifests this complex pattern of flux and fecundity, so do human beings nurture the seeds of virtue within themselves and participate in the human order in this process of ongoing transformation. This is elaborated especially by the Han Confucians and Sung Neo-Confucians through a specific understanding of a correspondence between virtues practiced by humans as having their natural counterpart in cosmic processes. For example, in his “Treatise on Humaneness” chu Hsi (1130–1200) speaks of the moral qualities of the mind of Heaven and Earth as four, namely, origination, flourish, advantage, and firmness. These correspond to the four moral qualities of humans, namely, humaneness, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom. The cosmological and the human virtues are seen as part of one dynamic process of transformation in the universe. In Han Confucian thought these virtues are coordinated with seasons, directions, and colors.
The anthropocosmic view, then, of the human as forming a triad with Heaven and Earth and, indeed, affecting the growth and transformation of things through human self-cultivation and human institutions originates in Classical Confucianism, especially in Hsün Tzu (310–213 BCE), and finds one of its richest expressions in Chang Tsai’s Western Inscription (Hsi ming) in the eleventh century. This relationship of Heaven, Earth, and human becomes expressed as a parental one, and central to this metaphor is the notion of humans as children of the universe and responsible for its care and continuation.
To summarize, then, Confucianism may be a rich source for rethinking our own relationships between cosmology and ethics in light of present ecological concerns. Its organic holism and dynamic vitalism give us a special appreciation for the interconnectedness of all life-forms and renews our sense of the inherent value of this intricate web of life. The shared psycho-physical entity of ch’i becomes the basis for establishing a reciprocity between the human and nonhuman worlds. In this same vein, the ethics of self-cultivation and the nurturing of virtue in the Confucian tradition provide a broad framework for harmonizing with the natural world and completing one’s role in the triad. This is only suggestive of the rich possibilities available within the Confucian tradition for creating a more comprehensive ecological worldview and effective environmental ethics. The essays in this volume point toward such a range of intellectual resources in Confucianism for rethinking human-earth relations. This volume is but a beginning for future exploration.
In order to demonstrate the past, present, and potential Confucian contributions to contemporary ecological discussions, this volume is thematically organized into five major sections. The first section presents two leading Confucian scholars’ analyses of the present ecological crisis in relation to Enlightenment values. The second section outlines the context of Confucianism’s response to the contemporary debate on ecology in terms of worldviews, ethics, and philosophical reconceputalization. The third section presents a partial catalogue of conceptual resources for the task of critique and reconstruction. These materials are drawn from the long history of Confucianism within the East Asian cultural matrix. The fourth section presents a series of philosophic reflections on how Confucianism can add its distinctive voice to the growing global conversation about ecology. The fifth section demonstrates how Confucianism can cope with some very specific contemporary issues, critiques, and case studies.
The volume begins with a foreword to the entire series on religions of the world and ecology, in which the series editors remind us that Confucianism is only one of a number of religious traditions struggling to come to grips with contemporary environmental degradation. Religions have been continually challenged historically to respond to crisis and change. Yet the modern ecological crisis is unique in its scope and destructiveness. Never before has humankind had to question, as Tu Weiming warns, whether or not the human is a viable species. Furthermore, it is now clear that any long-term solution to the ecological crisis will be based on reformulating human values to include the relation of humans to nature. Consequently, religions, as one of the principle civilizational repositories of shared human values, must find ways individually and collectively to address the ecological crisis as a matter of fundamental moral principles and attitudes.
This volume on Confucianism and ecology focuses on the specific contributions of Confucianism to the present debate. The five sections address the ecological crisis in three overlapping modes. These are historical, dialogical, and engaged. A number of the essays approach the question of Confucianism from a historical perspective and describe how Confucianism in East Asia developed views of nature, social ethics, and cosmology, which may now shed light on contemporary problems. Chapters with a dialogical approach link the history of Confucianism to other philosophic and religious traditions. The most pertinent dialogue is that of Confucianism and modernity as embodied in the Enlightenment project. The third mode displays how Confucianism has been and is now involved in concrete ecological issues ranging from economic and industrial development to the role of women as agents of ecological transformation.
The volume begins with Tu Weiming’s critique of the Enlightenment mentality. Tu argues that the modern Enlightenment project is the dominant human ideology for any analysis of the present ecological crisis. In fact, according to Tu, there has never been a more pervasive human ideology. The Enlightenment project created the modern world, which has become slowly aware that its technology has let the genie of ecological disaster out of the bottle of modernity. What began in the West as a search for liberty, equality, and fraternity has led to unrestrained industrialization and unsustainable urban sprawl on both sides of the Pacific Rim and beyond.
Wm. Theodore de Bary’s response to Tu Weiming isolates two of Tu’s main points, the need for rootedness and localization. From de Bary’s point of view, one of the main problems of the Enlightenment is that our easy sense of being rooted in the cosmos was one of the casualties of modernization. We have lost a feeling of connectedness with our world and with humanity. De Bary reminds us that many modern Western thinkers have lamented the loss of community and cosmic solidarity as well. To prove his point, de Bary cites a long passage from Wendell Berry, the American poet-farmer turned ecological activist. Berry himself was stimulated by readings from the Confucian tradition. In the end, de Bary argues that both Berry and Tu follow the classic teaching of the Great Learning (Ta hsüeh) that moves from the cultivation of the self to the proper ordering of the world. In this context, any ordering of the world begins with relearning to protect our local bioregion, cherish our families, and find a way to live in a harmonious manner with the larger cosmos.
The second group of essays, by Rodney Taylor, P. J. Ivanhoe, and Michael Kalton, situates the Confucian response to the ecological crisis within the larger discussion of religion and the environment. Taylor, by reviewing how Confucians such as Tu Weiming and Okada Takehiko look at humanity’s place in the cosmos, comes to the conclusion that Confucianism has the resources for serving as a modern environmental philosophy. Although Confucianism is traditionally considered to be humanistic in focus, Confucians such as Chang Tsai (1020–1077) always viewed human beings as part of the larger cosmos. Taylor locates Confucianism’s contribution both in its historical past and as a dialogue partner for Western philosophers and theologians. Ivanhoe extends the discussion to relate early Confucian reflections on nature to contemporary theories of environmental philosophy. Ivanhoe shows how it is possible to link the thought of Hsün Tzu to the analytical side of modern philosophy. Here again we see how Confucianism, although deeply committed to human flourishing, is always embedded in a primordial cosmic reality. Ivanhoe explains how Hsün Tzu was deeply impressed with the coordination of nature and how human beings must learn to play a role within the larger web of life. This is described in the Confucian cosmology of the interaction of Heaven, Earth, and humans.
Kalton moves on from the historical richness of the Confucian tradition to ask how it can be reconceptualized for the twenty-first century. Kalton builds on the history of Confucian thought and envisions what a modern Confucian philosophy would have to look like in order to be sensitive to the ecological crisis. He shows how this can be done by taking key Neo-Confucian ideas such as principle (li), material force (ch’i), and self-cultivation and applying them to the contemporary situation. He underscores the importance of Confucian reflections on principle and the vital matrix of material force for constructively reconceptualizing our relations with the natural world.
The next section deals in greater detail with various conceptual resources drawn from the Chinese, Korean, and Japanese contexts. Tu Weiming begins with a classic statement of the Confucian concern for the continuity of being. It is this Chinese Confucian focus on the relatedness of being that Tu holds up as the foundation for future Confucian ecological speculations. It is a statement of Tu’s vision of the anthropocosmic nature of Confucianism as an inclusive humanism that is rooted in the regenerative rhythms of the cosmos.
Joseph Adler returns to one of the founding figures of Neo-Confucianism, Chou Tun-i (1017–1073). Adler attends to a key cosmological metaphor of responsiveness (ying) as a method to unlock Chou’s vision of nature and humanity. Adler provides us with careful readings of some of Chou’s texts that reveal how this seminal thinker demonstrated that Confucian social ethics ought to be expanded to include the natural world as well. As Adler reminds us, the Neo-Confucians were famous for their sensitive understanding of living things, so much so that it was reported that Chou was worried about cutting the grass outside the window of his study.
Toshio Kuwako focuses his attention on the thought of Chu Hsi (1130–1200), the grand synthesizer of the Northern and Southern Sung Neo-Confucian philosophy. According to Kuwako, Chu’s genius lay in his ability to take the more random reflections of his Sung colleagues and weave them into a coherent philosophic whole. One of Chu’s chief concerns was to demonstrate that the virtue of humaneness (jen) not only refers to humanity but to the correlation of all living beings and nature.
The next two essays, by Young Chan Ro and Mary Evelyn Tucker, continue the historical discussion of the Confucian resources for ecology through the exploration of the crucial concept of material force (ch’i). In addition to being one of the paramount concepts in the pan-East Asian philosophic lexicon, ch’i functions as a prime resource for reflections on nature and cosmology. Ro guides us through an examination of the Korean Yi Yulgok (1536–1584), one of the most famous of the Yi dynasty Neo-Confucian philosophers. As Ro explains, Yulgok was known for his balanced presentation of ch’i as the connective cosmological link between all beings. Ch’i operates as a foundation for all ecosystems and allows for a place for both humanity and all other entities. In fact, if we consider Yulgok’s arguments seriously, then we must attend to nature as an interconnected web of nature that we disregard at our own peril. Tucker’s essay surveys the broad theme of ch’i in key Chinese Neo-Confucian figures. She then discusses how the Japanese Neo-Confucian Kaibara Ekken (1630–1714) developed an ecological philosophy based on ch’i theory. As with Kuwako and Ro, Tucker makes the case that reflection on ch’i is not only important for our understanding of the East Asian development of Neo-Confucianism but may also provide us with a way to think about humanity and nature in a global context.
The next three chapters are broad-ranging philosophic reflections on contemporary ecological concerns. Chung-ying Cheng attempts a complex interweaving of cosmology, ecology, and ethics. Cheng argues that at the heart of the Confucian vision lies an inclusive humanism based on the relational patterns of the Book of Changes (I Ching). Cheng believes that if we can revive this kind of relational, processive axiology, then we have an opportunity to reverse the dualistic and agonistic patterns of thought that have dominated Western philosophy since the Enlightenment. In much the same spirit, John Berthrong tries to show how Classical Confucian metaphors can be employed by modern New Confucians as they seek to respond to the ecological crisis. Building on the work of Mou Tsung-san, one of the most important of the New Confucians, Berthrong illustrates how the fundamental trait of concern-consciousness can guide the tradition into a strengthened understanding of nature. Robert Neville concludes the trio of philosophic studies by advancing the notion of “posture,” or “orientation,” as important for Confucian ecological reflection. For Neville, posture is related to the notion of ritual or habit, namely, how a human being relates effectively and reciprocally to the wider world, including both humans and nature. Clearly, one of the pressing concerns of the modern world is for humanity to find a balanced way or structure, such as is suggested in the Doctrine of the Mean (Chung yung), that allows for the intrinsic value of nature to be preserved and enhanced as it pertains to human flourishing.
The final triad of essays, by Huey-li Li, Seiko Goto and Julia Ching, and Robert Weller and Peter Bol, move from the theoretical to the practical. As Li notes, whatever rich resources the Confucian tradition might have to contribute to contemporary concerns, many feminists remain unconvinced. Feminists often charge that Confucianism is incurably patriarchal in structure. Li underscores the inevitable contradictions between theories and practices. She observes that despite numerous Taoist and Confucian texts focusing on the unity of nature and humanity, modern East Asia is as highly industrialized and polluted as many other parts of the world. However, Li argues that if we pay proper attention to the notion of heaven (t’ien), we might find a means to address ecofeminist critiques of Confucianism in a constructive manner.
Goto and Ching remind us that not all cultural exchanges occur exclusively through the medium of ideas. They provide us with a study of two famous parks, Kosihikawa Korakuen Park in Japan and the Würlitzer Park in Germany. In outlining some of the Confucian influences on landscape gardening, Goto and Ching underscore the broader cultural and aesthetic matrix in which Confucianism spread beyond China to East Asia and even to the West.
In the final chapter, Robert Weller and Peter Bol directly address the present ecological crisis by asking: How is it possible to promote sound ecological attitudes and policies in contemporary China? They point out that Chinese cosmology is based on a theory of cosmic resonances that shows nature is best understood in terms of pulsating harmonies. Another feature of the Weller and Bol essay is an exploration of popular culture as illustrated by the continued use of traditional almanacs and the persistence of feng shui, or geomancy. The authors note that, as modern Taiwanese try to deal with ecological degradation, they often resort to the language of kinship and cosmic resonance. Whatever ideological means the Chinese may involve in formulating sound ecological policies, some of the underlying motivations and explanations will, no doubt, continue to rely on traditional sources.6
The essays in this volume, then, show a living Confucian tradition seeking to find a useful retrieval of resources to respond adequately to the growing destruction of the environment in Asia and beyond. Of course, the Confucian world is not alone in this task. All the major religious traditions have become more aware in recent years of the challenge presented by unrestrained development and subsequent pollution. Moreover, they are ever more conscious that, although they may have resources to construct better attitudes and policies toward nature, they have not done so adequately in the past. While further research and discussion is vital, this volume is meant to be an initial step toward lessening the divide between rich conceptual resources and efficacious environmental practices in the contemporary world.
1 Frederick F. Mote, Intellectual Foundations of China (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1971) 17–18.
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2 See Tu Weiming’s article, included in this volume, “The Continuity of Being: Chinese Visions of Nature,” originally published in Confucian Thought: Selfhood as Creative Transformation, Tu Weiming (Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1985)
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3 Tu Weiming, Confucian Thought: Selfhood as Creative Transformation, 39. Professor Tu notes, “For this reference in the Chou I, see A Concordance to Yi-Ching, Harvard Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series Supplement no. 10 (reprint; Taipei: Chinese Materials and Research Aids Service Center, Inc., 1966), 1/1.”
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6 The understanding of the ecological role of traditional sources, such as geomancy and Chinese medicine, is discussed by E. N. Anderson in Ecologies of the Heart (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).
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I love a calm classroom. You can feel the learning going on when students are focused and engaged. I’ve been planning ways to make my classroom environment an even more calm and peaceful place using simple classroom decor ideas and management strategies. I have compiled these ideas on my new blog: Cool Classroom Themes. I’ll continue to add new themes to help teachers find cool classroom themes that fit their style and motivate their students to learn!
Our school is using the theme reading theme “Around the World in a Million Words” to encourage students to read a million words this year. Together with teachers, students track their progress and work toward mini goal parties throughout the year and one giant party with a GAME TRUCK (semi filled with video games) at the end of the year. The theme has encouraged me to integrate more world studies into my lessons, and I refer to my giant map (55 x 39 inches) all the time. For those of you without the giant free wall that I had, the poster site also has a smaller version (36 x 24 inches). Just thought I’d share!
I just received an email from BrainPop, stating that due to the large number of students home because of Hurricane Sandy, they’ve made ALL of their AWESOME videos free through Sunday! What a great company. Just when I thought I couldn’t like them any more. 🙂 This is the perfect time to check out their educational videos!
I’ve returned to the USA (and have loved every second of seeing family, friends, and blue skies!) and have taken a nice chunk of time off from teacher planning and directed most of my efforts towards wedding planning for my Oct. 5 wedding! I just finished my non floral boutonnieres! I knew I didn’t want to use real or silk flowers, but it was hard to find inspiration for an alternative, so I made my own diy non floral boutonniere tutorial to hopefully help out some craft loving brides like me. (On another note, I’ll be going back to teaching in a couple weeks, so I promise I’ll get back to school related posts soon!)
How many classroom themes can I have? They’re so much fun! Their possibilities are endless. Can you tell I love classroom planning? (Hmm, maybe there’s a way to combine several into a SUPER theme?!)
I was gearing up for a camping theme for my classroom, but then I remembered the Olympics are coming and got all jazzed up. The London 2012 Olympics could have so many educational tie ins. I started searching for Olympics decor, activities, and materials and…well, it just got out of control! Check out all the Olympics gear and activities for your classroom and please help me decide: Camping Theme or Olympics Theme? 🙂
Summer is here! (Go ahead, do a little dance in your chair.) As a teacher, I know we all need (and deserve) a brain break. So do it! Take a break!
After you’ve relaxed a little, help your children dive into some fun that they won’t even realize is learning. (Tricky, tricky, I know!) I’ve seen students make amazing progress during the course of the school year, only to come back from summer vacation having forgotten much of what they learned the previous school year. I’ve seen how it bothers the students when they return, only to realize the things they knew have now been forgotten, and it breaks my heart.
So what can you do to help your child retain (or even advance) what she/he’s learned this year? By providing meaningful, and FUN projects, activities, and experiences to tap into educational concepts throughout the summer! Some of these experiences will not only further your child’s understanding of their world, but offer great opportunities for you to bond as you work together in the comfortable and loving atmosphere of your home.
I’ve compiled a list of the best places to find engaging and unique learning activities for summers at home. (Or anytime, really!) It’s organized by subject area (Reading, Writing, Math, Science, Social Studies, and Health), so if you’d like to skip to a specific subject, just use the Table of Contents.
I LOVE digging through educational resources to find the best of the best, so check back often, as I’ll be adding to that site all summer long!
I just figured out how to see who has been checking out my Paragraph Attack Video on YouTube, and noticed Mrs. Ellis in Michigan (my home state–woot woot!) linked my video to her blog for students. (Thank you!) You can find several other cool literacy sites there too! Enjoy!
I also found these 2 videos about how to write paragraphs:
1. A paragraph writing wrap using a burrito and hamburger example (motivated me to have the kids create their own paragraph writing videos):
2. A family of chefs explains how to write a paragraph like you make a hamburger (I’m currently in China, where good burgers are hard to find, and these ladies are making me hungry while they educate!) I love how this family worked together to create this educational video. Sounds like a fun choice homework assignment!
I’ve been craving a camping trip, but that’s not going to happen for another 4 weeks at least (that’s how much longer I’ll be living in my university home in China), but hopefully it’ll happen when I return to the U.S. (and my camping gear) this summer!
<—Meet my fiance, Dan. He’s packing up after a camping trip in N. Carolina last summer. He’s an efficient packer–uses his head when he runs out of hands. 🙂
Anyway, It got me thinking, and I’m now tossing around the idea of a camping themed classroom for next year. I started searching the net for anything helpful that I might be able to use for next year and found a TON of ideas and listed them here! Using a few key pieces and a little creativity can go a long way in developing the perfect theme. I’d love to know if any of you have done a camping theme in your classroom and which ideas worked out the best for your little campers!
Woohoo! I’m totally pumped to say that my Before, During, and After Reading Graphic Organizers are posted on the BrainPOP Community page! The free resources are designed for BrainPOP Jr.’s Food Chain, Forces, and Solar System videos. I adore this site, and have used it extensively for the last 4 years. They have TONS of educational videos based around curriculum content. The students love it, and so do I! Check it out!
I once had a student. Let’s call him Toby. Toby was the classroom
roamer explorer. He would get up in the middle of a 5 minute mini-lesson and begin “exploring” the room. He was rarely aware that he was off task until I called him back to the carpet–he was just taking a walk! I needed a way to make him aware and put him in control of his adventuring feet.
I tried everything, until one day I walked by the pedometers while doing some classroom shopping at the Dollar Store and half-seriously thought, “I bet Toby could really burn out one of those things!” And the thought came to me, “What if I challenged him to get the FEWEST steps possible?”
It. Totally. Worked. Man, I love the Dollar Store!
$2.12 plus these 4 sentences made all the difference: “Toby, here are 2 pedometers. They keep track of how many steps you take each day. You get to wear one, and you can choose a friend to challenge with the other one. The person with the FEWEST steps at the end of the day WINS.” I didn’t even attach a tangible award to it, just the pride of being the winner. Toby’s roaming went almost to nonexistent in a DAY. Each day, he chose a new friend to challenge. Sometimes he even won. The best part? After a couple weeks, his roaming was drastically reduced, even when he forgot to put on the pedometer!
Do you have an explorer? Try this out and let me know how it goes! I hope it’s just as successful for you!
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Column: ‘A Bridge and a Tower in Lucerne’
Lucerne, Switzerland, is one of the most picturesque cities in a country known for picturesque cities. A medieval tower rising from the river is the country’s most photographed structure, a truss bridge spanning the river is the world’s oldest, and paintings hanging inside the bridge draw visitors from around the world. Ironically, all these idyllic images reflect Lucerne’s turbulent past.
Lucerne is located where Lake Lucerne, one of the most beautiful lakes in the world, flows into the Reuss River. In 1300, the town built a 112-foot tall octagonal tower in the river. Called Wasserturm (“Water Tower”), it was used as a torture chamber, likely for claimed heretics. Because the Water Tower was vulnerable to attack from the lake, in 1333 the city built a 600-foot long covered bridge crossing the river diagonally and connecting with the Water Tower. The “Kapellbrücke” (“Chapel Bridge”) is named for St. Peter’s Chapel at one end.
Initially formed around a monastery, Lucerne was the largest Swiss city to hold out against the Protestant Reformation that swept, sometimes violently, through Switzerland in the late 16th century. In the early 17th century, to advance the cause of Catholicism, the city council paid an artist to paint religious and historical scenes on triangular-shaped pieces of wood, many containing a written message. Eventually 158 paintings, each about six feet wide and three feet high, were mounted in the interior roof space of the Chapel Bridge. In 1666, recognizing the city’s continued loyalty, the Jesuits began building a large church near the south end of the bridge, its baroque design and twin onion domes visually rejecting the austerity of Swiss Protestantism.
In 1993, fire destroyed much of the Chapel Bridge and more than 100 of its famous paintings. The bridge was meticulously restored and the surviving paintings remounted inside, some still showing fire damage.
When you visit Lucerne, photograph the Water Tower and walk inside the Chapel Bridge to admire its remaining paintings. Then take a relaxing boat trip on Lake Lucerne and be grateful that towers are no longer built for torture and cities no longer battle each other over religious doctrine.
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|My seed raising mix, similar to Mesa Garden's recipe|
Here is my soil mix for succulent and desert plants. The mix should be mostly mineral materials with minimal organic matter so that it mimics the low oragnic content of desert soils. This doesn't mean the soil is necessarily poor in nutrients. Mineral materials contain the inorganic salts that plants combine with water and carbon dioxide to create organic molecules using photosynthesis. A mineral soil is suitable for most plants. Think about a hydroponic system, there are no organic components in the system other than the plants. Most plants do not require an organic component in their soil.
Main mix. This is what I use for almost all my succulents and desert plants.
1 part decomposed granite (DG)
1 part coconut coir
1 part perlite
1 part red scoria
You can substitute different items depending on what's available in your area. If you live in an arid or semi-arid area and have good desert soil, e.g. "sandy loam", you can substitute it for decomposed granite (DG). Pool filter sand can also be used to replace the DG component, but it doesn't have the fine particles and soluble nutrients of DG and I personally don't like it. Coconut coir can be substituted with peat or commerically available "cactus potting soil". Coconut coir is best obtained as dehydrated compressed bricks for easy storage and transportation, and it's fairly sterile. Perlite can be substituted with pumice. Do not use vermiculite as it holds too much water. Red scoria can be substituted with black scoria. Some components can also be left out and the mix made from only two or three of the components. The aim is to create a well draining soil with little organic matter. You can also vary the ratio of the components for different ypes of tplants.
Use Mesa Garden's germination tips and follow them to the letter.
2 parts coir (replaces Coconut blend potting mix)
2 part decomposed granite (replaces sandy loam)
1 part perlite (for aeration and drainage)
1 part vermiculite. (to hold water, young seedlings require constant moisture for the first year or so)
- Dave Bad Person
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Tooth ExtractionsWhen a tooth is so severely damaged that repairs are not possible, the tooth will need extraction. Tooth extraction involves removing the entire tooth from the socket. This restorative dentistry procedure is known as a simple tooth extraction. We have dentists experienced in Oral Surgery right here in Kyle TX. We understand that tooth extraction is not a pleasant experience and so we do offer sedation ranging from Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) to IV sedation for our nervous patients as well as for teeth that are difficult to remove.
Cost of Extractions:
Extraction can costs from $195-$450/tooth depending on type and condition of tooth. For instance, if you have a wisdom tooth that is completely inside your bone that will cost more money compare to loose front tooth!
Post Tooth Extraction Care
- After a tooth extraction, it is important to relieve pain and minimize the risk of infection. Do not use mouth wash or rinse or spit for several hours after your appointment.
- When you have a tooth extracted, a clot will form.This clot protects the socket and prevents bacteria from causing infection. If the clot is dislodged before your gums have a chance to heal, you may end up suffering from a condition known as dry socket.
- Smokers are more prone to dry socket, so you should try to avoid smoking at all until the clot has time to settle.
- After several hours have passed, you may rinse with a salt water solution.
- If you have a badly decayed or damaged tooth, the team at Kyle Parkway Dentistry will always attempt to save the tooth. Should you require a tooth extraction, we are in a position to provide you with the highest level of care both during and after your procedure. We also provide IV sedation to our patient who are nervous about tooth extraction or simply for difficult teeth to make it easy on our patients. Contact us today to schedule your appointment.
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Sec. Cognitive Science
Navigating beyond “here & now” affordances—on sensorimotor maturation and “false belief” performance
- Department of Philosophy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
How and when do we learn to understand other people's perspectives and possibly divergent beliefs? This question has elicited much theoretical and empirical research. A puzzling finding has been that toddlers perform well on so-called implicit false belief (FB) tasks but do not show such capacities on traditional explicit FB tasks. I propose a navigational approach, which offers a hitherto ignored way of making sense of the seemingly contradictory results. The proposal involves a distinction between how we navigate FBs as they relate to (1) our current affordances (here & now navigation) as opposed to (2) presently non-actual relations, where we need to leave our concrete embodied/situated viewpoint (counterfactual navigation). It is proposed that whereas toddlers seem able to understand FBs in their current affordance space, they do not yet possess the resources to navigate in abstraction from such concrete affordances, which explicit FB tests seem to require. It is hypothesized that counterfactual navigation depends on the development of “sensorimotor priors,” i.e., statistical expectations of own kinesthetic re-afference, which evidence now suggests matures around age four, consistent with core findings of explicit FB performance.
False Belief Tests and Conflicting Explicit and Implicit Findings
The question of how and when children learn to understand other people's beliefs and perspectives has long been an object of study and philosophical debate. Many experimental paradigms use false belief (FB) scenarios to test this development. Typical FB paradigms set up a discrepancy between a test subject's accurate information about a scenario and a divergent perspective, which then is used to probe whether the false perceptive of the other is taken into account. Interestingly so-called “explicit” and “implicit” categories of FB tests each consistently point to very different minimal ages for the development of FB abilities.
Explicit FB tests can be exemplified by the Sally-Anne task (Baron-Cohen et al., 1985), which involves a presented story with two protagonists Sally and Anne. The FB discrepancy is set up as the test subject watches that Sally puts a marble in location A and leaves, whereupon Anne unbeknownst to Sally transfers the marble to location B. The experimenter/story-teller then prompts the test subject to anticipate an action by the mislead Sally. e.g., “Where do you think Sally would look for her toy?” Researchers have overwhelmingly found that typically developing (TD) children generally do not “pass” this kind of FB test before about age four or older. Younger children have a strong tendency to suggest the current toy-location rather than where Sally left it (Wellman et al., 2001). If one assumes the test tracks abilities to understand “beliefs,” then results indicate that TD kids cannot handle others' beliefs before age four. Accordingly, failing to produce the correct answer has been interpreted as revealing either a categorical inability to understand minds (Baron-Cohen, 1995), or performance difficulties with linguistic aspects and/or with prioritizing and using FB information executively over current factual information (Moses et al., 2005; Carruthers, 2013).
Conclusions of relative “mind-blindness” in toddlers have been challenged by various so-called “implicit” experimental paradigms, showing that children seem to track and form FB expectations much earlier. These studies use non-verbal/active participation FB tasks, relying on either looking-time (Onishi and Baillargeon, 2005), communicative reference (Southgate et al., 2010) or helping paradigms (Buttelmann et al., 2009; Knudsen and Liszkowski, 2010, 2012). These paradigms do not explicitly ask the child about expected actions of another agent, but rather measures whether their own action selections vary significantly with respectively true/false belief conditions of observed others. e.g., in Buttelmann et al.'s helping paradigm the test subject is invited to open either of two boxes given a manipulation where, during the crucial toy transfer, an experimenter is observed either staying in the room (true belief) or leaving (FB). The remarkable finding was that even 18 months-olds varied their box choice significantly with the manipulation of the experimenters “belief scenario.” Thus, the results suggested that toddlers might indeed understand FBs. Looking-time paradigms indicate FB understanding perhaps as early as 9–15 months (Baillargeon et al., 2010; see also Reddy, 2008), but I focus uniquely on the helping paradigm and the specific puzzle of why 18–30 month-old toddlers appropriately vary their behavior according to perceived FBs (and also handle object permanence and pretense play), and yet consistently fail Sally-Anne style FB tests.
In addition to the age disparities between Sally-Anne and the helping-paradigm FB findings, the labels of implicit/explicit and their core experimental differences are not easily conceptualized, as discussed by Carruthers (2013). Existing theories often distinguish information types of FB tasks; i.e., mental, counterfactual, linguistic, conceptual, representational, etc. and theorize the domain-specific or domain-general capacities needed to handle these kinds of information. Further, debates often center on whether the observed infant/toddler capacities should be interpreted as based on mindreading or on behavioral rules (Knudsen and Liszkowski, 2010; Perner, 2010; Carruthers, 2013).
This perspective article points to an alternative framework for theorizing the Sally-Anne and helping-paradigm and the developmental processes underlying the discrepancy of their findings. Given the short format I do not argue against any existing theory, but rather propose that a sensorimotor maturation-based explanation would expand the existing interpretive possibility space, as mental processes are modeled differently than current categorizations imply.
The core proposal is that the age discrepancy of FB findings might be rooted in sensorimotor maturation processes taking place around age four, as these might ground the relevant cognitive developments documented at this age. It is suggested that the helping and Sally-Anne paradigms might require different kinds of “navigation,” which again depends on different levels of sensorimotor maturation. More precisely a distinction is drawn between the ability to navigate presently available “here & now” perceptual space vs. navigating an imagined, remembered or otherwise currently counterfactual bodily space. The latter ability to “navigate beyond the here & now” is hypothesized to depend on late-developing predictable movement variations, and further that such abilities support successful Sally-Anne FB performance. By contrast it is proposed that helping paradigm FB tasks are based on the child's understanding of the “here & now” social affordance space and thus can be navigated without this aspect of sensorimotor maturation. To explain this unexplored possibility and theorize the distinction between here & now and counterfactual navigation, we need to look to neuroscientific evidence for (1) affordance tracking and decision-making, (2) default systems and self-projection and lastly (3) the maturation of sensorimotor priors.
Decision-Making and Navigation of “Here & Now” Affordances
The idea that we track multiple affordances, i.e., perceived action possibilities in the “engageable” space around us, is not new (Gibson, 1977). Recently, the affordance notion has attracted renewed attention, through theories (Heft, 2003; Gallagher, 2005; Rietveld, 2008; De Jaegher et al., 2010), but also via neuroscientific discoveries about cortical fronto-parietal sensorimotor processes and massively parallel and dynamic circuits mediated by cortical and sub-cortical circuits (Cisek and Kalaska, 2010) and advances in e.g., robotics (Horton et al., 2012) where these kinds of ecological agent-environment relations have begun to replace traditional input-output representational frameworks. Cisek and Kalaska point to findings that sensorimotor processes are engaged early, in parallel and support not only action execution but also decision-making and action selection between multiple tracked options. They argue these findings of early and parallel affordance tracking are inconsistent with modular input-output information processing frameworks. Further, mirror neuron research has shown that we track object affordances as they relate to perceived others, as well as complex and dynamic social affordances between self and other (Casile et al., 2011; Sartori et al., 2012).
Thus, in opposition to classic notions of the mind as entirely hidden or “sandwiched” between action and perception (Hurley, 2001), a relational affordance story lets decision-making processes partially reveal themselves through not only actual but possible engagements with our environment. On a theoretical level such findings complicate our notion of social perception, as we see not only the actual behaviors of others, but their potential and afforded action targets, and how these relate to our own current action in overall shared affordance space. The key is that affordances alert to potential outcomes as they relate to actual objects and agents in the spatial environment.
Carruthers (2013) hypothesizes that FB abilities require a “domain specific mindreading module” (tracking other's goals, beliefs etc.), domain general planning, and decision-making abilities (own action selection) plus belief attribution processes. But the question is if we need to postulate a separate “mindreading module” and attribution processes for FB understanding. If sensorimotor processes ground a complex and dynamic tracking of current affordance relations of self and other (Trevarthen, 1979; De Jaegher and Di Paolo, 2007; Gallagher, 2012), then might we not oftentimes understand goals and FBs of interaction partners though this tracking of their actions and affordances and how they differ from and dynamically modulate our own?
Fronto-parietal processes have been found to support not only action planning and decision-making but also perception of the affordances of others. Notably these circuits show complex and dynamic properties, as affordances can be social, visible or hidden (e.g., Umilta et al., 2001). Further, the complexities of our context relations undergo various crucial maturation processes, particularly in the first years of life as evidenced by “A-not-B-error” (Smith and Thelen, 2003) and pretense play studies (Leslie, 1987) etc. For our present purposes we should note that affordances and thus action planning of 2–3 year-old toddlers is not necessarily restricted to what is presently sensed, but rather to that which offers our spatially situated bodies sensorimotor engagement. Thus, the door behind us might still be tracked as an afforded “escape-route” even if currently unseen. Similarly, a pretend banana, which is not actually there, can–as spatially actable—be part of the shared affordance space and must comply with certain rules of engagement. Research on mirror neuron circuits also indicates that others' actions and affordances are dynamically integrated into this affordance space understanding (Caggiano et al., 2009; Sartori et al., 2012). The “here & now” affordance space might thus contain counterfactual and prospective teleological elements—such as unseen and pretense affordances or others' falsely maintained affordances—as long as these are placed in relation to embodied agents (Gibson, 1977; Brincker, 2010, 2012). A source of complexity is that limits to the current affordance space are fluid, but it is an empirical question how far from our current position our skilled, cultured, and tool-enhanced bodies can track own and shared potentialities (Iriki, 2006).
In sum, the proposal is that we reach boxes, answer questions, and point to hidden marbles via a “here & now” affordance space, and further that FBs of others might, as long as they relate to the space we concretely inhabit, be understood, tracked, and engaged through our affordance space understanding.
Looking at the typical helping paradigms, they allow the child to incorporate relevant past and present perspectives of others into their present scenario, without requiring them to abstract from their embodied relation to it. e.g., 18/30 month-olds in the Buttelmann et al. study must integrate contrasting perspectives and “false beliefs” of others within their affordance space. However, they need not let go of their pragmatic relations to this current space to perform the task. Thus, it can be interpreted as “here & now” social navigation incorporating FB content in their actual body space.
In Sally-Anne style tests on the other hand, toddlers might be aware that Sally doesn't know and yet still not pass the test. Perhaps they even have extra difficulties not sharing the true location of the marble precisely because they know Sally doesn't know where it is. In navigational terms, passing the Sally-Anne test requires a child–beyond linguistic skills—to be able to handle the conflicting pragmatic contexts of the marble hunt story and the experimenter-meta-question. To pass this test one might need to (1) understand and remember Sally's perspective, but also—and this is where we seem to move beyond the here & now—(2) navigate the situation from her counterfactual vantage-point, which involves momentarily setting aside one's current position in relation to the marble, and finally (3) to return to the verbal prompt and respond to what Sally would have done (had we not been there to help her). Each of these subsequent aspects contribute to the complexity of this highly non-cooperative scenario where one in addition to including the other's perspective, also must exclude one's own embodied knowledge, and navigate both via the current affordance space and beyond it.
Self-Projection and Navigating Beyond the “Here & Now”
In contrast to here & now navigation, we sometimes—typically in our thoughts–engage in what we might call counterfactual navigation. i.e., when we place ourselves in remembered, imagined or otherwise not-actually-bodily-inhabited-spaces to use the resulting relational body-space understanding for various deliberations. The key is that it is the relation that is counterfactual, not the information or the objective existence of the space. Thus, such navigation goes beyond merely including counterfactual information, i.e., memories, perspectives or pretense objects, in our actually inhabited space and situated action choices. Rather it is about “placing oneself” and “making moves” via a space, which–although perhaps factually existing—is pragmatically counterfactual, and requires one to abstract from actual embodied relations to the current affordance space.
In terms of Sally-Anne tasks, one might thus be able to track Sally's FB in the current affordance space, but unable to plan a response from Sally's perspective and/or shift back and verbalize it in the prompt context, which requires one to ignore the current position of the marble as it relates to both oneself and Sally (see Bloom and German, 2000; Rubio-Fernández and Geurts, 2013 for Sally-Anne variations that probe some of these behavioral complexities and age limitations). Own prior beliefs and misperceived affordances might also under some conditions require counterfactual navigation, as in e.g., the Smarties box/ appearance-reality paradigms (Gopnik and Aslington, 1988). In short, task aspects of planning, deciding and inferring via remembered/projected scenarios can all be interpreted as involving navigating beyond the current affordance space, as one needs to relate to options, which cannot be interpreted through the sensorimotor affordance space that our situated bodies are actually dwelling in.
The idea of such counterfactual navigation differs from traditional modular, non-relational, and knowledge-focused aspects of “theory of mind” theories (e.g., Leslie et al., 2004; Carruthers, 2013), as no domain specific mindreading or ToM module is postulated. Rather the crucial distinction of the navigational hypothesis pertains not to the other mind content per se but rather to how it is presented, assessed or navigated by the understanding subject. Similarly, though there are parallels between the idea of counterfactual navigation and that of off-line simulation (e.g., Heal, 1996; Goldman, 2006), an important contrast is that counterfactual content or “pretense” can play a role in both kinds of navigation. Thus, specific overlaps and contrasts exist to aspects of traditional theory, ToMM etc.
Interestingly, the core cortical areas implicated in much social cognitive research of “theory of mind” have been found to overlap greatly with the default-mode network (Schilbach et al., 2008). The default mode network was precisely isolated due to its sustained activity in the absence of current external-directed attention and stimuli (Gusnard and Raichle, 2001), and has been interpreted as supporting various kinds of “self-projection” (Buckner and Carroll, 2007) or “internal mentation” (Andrews-Hanna, 2012), whether these pertain to social cognition, memory or future projection. In other words, it fits with a notion of navigation beyond the here & now.
Another line of social cognitive research that could be reinterpreted within a navigation framework is the role of the rTPJ in thinking about other minds. This cortical region has been consistently implicated in imaging studies and thus on a modular account proposed to support “theory of mind” (Saxe and Wexler, 2005). However, another possibility is that the region is important for shifting between here & now navigation and counterfactual navigation. This hypothesis would fit with broader evidence regarding the role of the rTPJ in attentional shifts (Mitchell, 2008).
These preliminary notes are meant simply to highlight that the navigation hypothesis throws a new light on existing imaging findings and most importantly is empirically tractable.
Maturation of Sensorimotor Priors and Counterfactual Navigating
The distinction between these two kinds of navigation is proposed as a new interpretation of the age discrepancy of implicit vs. explicit FB tests. The idea is that what is maturing around age four might not be the ability to represent minds, non-current facts or that others have counterfactual beliefs. Rather the proposal is that a counterfactual use of one's embodied learning becomes possible, which again allows for ignoring “here & now” perspectival affordances and for acting on the basis of a navigation of counterfactual space. Toddlers are typically capable of remembering, making predictions, telling us what we don't know etc., and they actively do so in present contexts (Poulin-Dubois et al., 2007; Apperly and Butterfill, 2009). What the smaller children might not be able to do is pragmatically navigating counterfactual terrains. The hypothesis is thus that non-current information only can take on the needed affordance organization for action choice in relation to their current body.
But why would the counterfactual navigation not be available to toddlers? In other words, according to the navigation hypothesis what is the crucial maturation that happens around age four? Recent experimental data from Elizabeth Torres' sensorimotor lab points to a fascinating answer. She found that typically developing (TD) 3-year-olds do not yet have statistical predictability of temporal features of their limb movements (Torres et al., 2013). One might say that they do not yet have “sensorimotor priors” with respect to their own bodily movements and their ensuing re-afferent sensations (Von Holst and Mittelstaedt, 1950). Notably, Torres found that hand movement variations go through a crucial maturation precisely around age four. More specifically the variations are noisy and random in toddlers but then begin to show predictability and better signal-to-noise ratios in the 4 year-olds.
These are remarkable findings and their potential goes beyond this current project. The hypothesis that I would like to bring attention to here is that such “sensorimotor priors” can precisely be seen as a kind of predictable probabilistic body, an abstract body that we can “bring into” counterfactual scenarios and thus use to navigate and make decisions in spaces we do not stand in current embodied relations to. The idea is that only when we have established a reliable and predictable baseline expectation about our own re-afferent movements, can we use these hypothetically. In other words, sensorimotor priors as such embodied expectations might ground abstract navigational relations to non-present spaces, and thus allow us to navigate beyond the pragmatic relations of our actually situated bodies. Torres further found that this sensorimotor maturation does not follow the usual trajectory in individuals with autism—which suggests that they have to rely on their “here & now” body and world sensation in very different ways than TD children, and offers a new perspective on their social interaction and FB task difficulties (Brincker and Torres, 2013; Torres, 2013; Torres et al., 2013).
Thus, the proposal is that typical 2–3 year-olds can engage in elaborate pretense incorporating hypothetical content such as memories, fantasy objects and alternative perspectives in their present affordance space, relating to their bodies and sensorimotor capabilities. But they might not have the statistical body expectations needed to navigate counterfactual spaces “in their head” so to speak. The proposal is thus that the helping paradigm does indeed show early understanding of FBs, but not the ability to go beyond the current affordance relations to counterfactual spaces or mental navigation, which seems to be needed in the traditional Sally-Anne task. Under this framework, the development of sensorimotor priors around age four might transform some here & now social knowledge and interactions, but does not move the child from “mind-blindness” to “mindreading.”
Conflict of Interest Statement
The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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Keywords: affordances, false belief test, metacognition, sensorimotor priors, developmental psychology, embodied cognition, theory of mind, social cognition
Citation: Brincker M (2014) Navigating beyond “here & now” affordances—on sensorimotor maturation and “false belief” performance. Front. Psychol. 5:1433. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01433
Received: 25 July 2014; Accepted: 24 November 2014;
Published online: 15 December 2014.
Edited by:Hanne De Jaegher, University of the Basque Country, Spain
Copyright © 2014 Brincker. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Maria Brincker, Department of Philosophy, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., MA 02125, Boston, USA e-mail: email@example.com
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- 1 Why does John refer to himself as the disciple whom Jesus loved?
- 2 What was John the Apostle real name?
- 3 How is St John referred to in his gospel?
- 4 Why is St John called the Divine?
- 5 What was Jesus’s wife’s name?
- 6 Who disowned Jesus 3 times?
- 7 Why did Jesus love John the most?
- 8 Did Jesus have any siblings?
- 9 What is unique about John’s Gospel?
- 10 What did Jesus say to Saint John?
- 11 Are St John the Baptist and St John the Evangelist the same person?
- 12 Where are St Johns remains?
- 13 Did John the Baptist write revelation?
- 14 What miracles did St John the Apostle perform?
Why does John refer to himself as the disciple whom Jesus loved?
The assumption that the Beloved Disciple was one of the Apostles is based on the observation that he was apparently present at the Last Supper, and Matthew and Mark state that Jesus ate with the Twelve. Thus, the most frequent identification is with John the Apostle, who would then be the same as John the Evangelist.
What was John the Apostle real name?
John the Apostle, also called Saint John the Evangelist or Saint John the Divine, (flourished 1st century ce; Western feast day December 27; Eastern feast days May 8 and September 26), one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus and traditionally believed to be the author of the three Letters of John, the Fourth Gospel, and
How is St John referred to in his gospel?
The Gospel of John refers to an otherwise unnamed “disciple whom Jesus loved”, who “bore witness to and wrote” the Gospel’s message. Christian tradition says that John the Evangelist was John the Apostle. The Apostle John was one of the “pillars” of the Jerusalem church after Jesus’ death.
Why is St John called the Divine?
He wrote the fourth Gospel and is also known as John the Divine for his lofty theology. John was one of the three Apostles (along with his brother, James the Greater, and Peter) privileged to witness Jesus’s Transfiguration on Mt. Tabor (Matthew 17:1–6).
What was Jesus’s wife’s name?
Mary Magdalene as Jesus’s wife.
Who disowned Jesus 3 times?
Then Peter remembered the word Jesus had spoken: “Before the rooster crows, you will disown me three times.” And he went outside and wept bitterly.
Why did Jesus love John the most?
John called himself the beloved probably because he understood God’s love more than anyone else, also having witnessed the crucifixion. When everyone else were bickering about their official in the coming Kingdom of God, he found himself in Jesus bosom. This testified to the depth of his revelation.
Did Jesus have any siblings?
Jesus ‘ brothers and sisters The Gospel of Mark (6:3) and the Gospel of Matthew (13:55–56) mention James, Joseph/Joses, Judas/Jude and Simon as brothers of Jesus, the son of Mary.
What is unique about John’s Gospel?
The Gospel of John is unique from the “synoptic Gospels ” (Matthew, Mark and Luke), so called due to their similar content. The synoptics cover many of the same miracles, parables and events of Jesus’ life and ministry. The synoptics focus on the signs and sayings of Christ; John emphasizes the identity of Christ.
What did Jesus say to Saint John?
The account describes how, as he emerges from the water, Jesus sees the heavens open and the Holy Spirit descends on him ‘like a dove’ and he hears a voice from heaven that says, “You are my Son, the Beloved; with you I am well pleased”. Later in the gospel there is an account of John’s death.
Are St John the Baptist and St John the Evangelist the same person?
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints teaches that John the Apostle is the same person as John the Evangelist, John of Patmos, and the Beloved Disciple.
Where are St Johns remains?
It stands over the believed burial site of John the Apostle. It was modeled after the now lost Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople. The basilica is on the slopes of Ayasuluk Hill just below the fortress near the center of Selçuk, İzmir Province, Turkey and about 3.5 km (2.2 mi) from Ephesus.
Did John the Baptist write revelation?
John the Baptist did not write Revelation. The genre, images, and theology of the book are far removed from John the Baptist’s time and setting. The book was written by John of Patmos. Most scholars date the book between 81 and 96 AD.
What miracles did St John the Apostle perform?
- Changing water into wine at Cana in John 2:1-11 – “the first of the signs”
- Healing the royal official’s son in Capernaum in John 4:46-54.
- Healing the paralytic at Bethesda in John 5:1-15.
- Feeding the 5000 in John 6:5-14.
- Jesus walking on water in John 6:16-24.
- Healing the man blind from birth in John 9:1-7.
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According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders, almost 1.5 million people suffer brain injuries every year, and most of these caused by accidents involving vehicles, bikes, and bicycles. Others can be caused by slips or trips and falls in the home or elsewhere.
Traumatic brain injuries can and do happen in vehicle accidents. Unfortunately, the signs of that can be easily missed particularly when the patient still talks, walks and responds normally.
This is dangerous because when the symptoms eventually show up in the future, it can significantly impact the patient’s quality of life. Not just that, it may not be linked to the accident, resulting in the dreaded misdiagnosis of the patient’s condition.
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With the birth of the Interstate Highway System in the mid-1950s, America was on its way to becoming a nation of long-distance drivers.
Add an emerging cattle industry, technological advances in truck refrigeration and the spread of meat packaging plants from major cities to rural areas, and you've got a recipe for getting more meat to more people. (See more meat facts in charts and graphs here.)
Although outdoor advertising has been around since ancient Egypt, it really took off after the highway system was built. And advertisers thought, what better way to get to the captive audience in a car to pull over than to tempt them with giant pictures of meat?
Today, some billboards emit the distinctive odor of grilled meat, and there are billboards depicting the potential health effects of meat consumption. But here's a collection of billboards that helped fuel America's love affair with meat way back in the 20th Century.
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How to Make a PC Microphone Sound Better
By Larry Amon
PC microphones are inherently cheap. They are not made for recording a rock concert, just for capturing your voice for minimal playback, as part of a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) system or for software that takes voice commands. Even with an especially inexpensive computer microphone, you can use some standard recording techniques to improve the audio. Of course, it will also help a bit if you use a higher quality microphone with your computer.
Install a better sound card if possible, since a higher quality card can make a big difference. Open the computer case and remove the old sound card. Insert a new card. Close the case, restart the computer and point Windows to the drivers when prompted. Plug the microphone into the mic input jack on your new card.
Don't touch the microphone. Find a stand on which to set the microphone and don't hold it with your hand, since that is likely to add extra sounds to your recording.
Use a screen. Buy a windscreen and set it up in front of the microphone. Windscreens keep some of the spit and pops from coming through.
Position the microphone somewhat close to where you'll be speaking. Your mouth shouldn't be so close that your lips might touch the microphone, but if you speak more than a foot away, the microphone will probably not pick up your voice as well.
- When using a microphone to record, pops are loud spikes in the sound wave made when certain letters--such as "P"--are emphatically spoken.
Larry Amon has been working in the computer field for more than 10 years and has experience writing scripts, instructional articles and political commentary. He has been published online, as well as in "NRB Magazine" and "Delmarva Youth & Family." He started a nonprofit media organization in 2000.
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WARSAW – If you look through the bars of the locked gate at 14 Prozna Street in Poland’s capital, a place that was the center of the Jewish ghetto 70 years ago, you may spot a small statue of a figure kneeling in prayer. That figure is Adolf Hitler.
“Amen,” a new exhibition by Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan, which includes the praying Hitler, has caused outrage among the Jewish community in Poland as well as among Jewish and Catholic organizations worldwide that regard the exhibit as extremely offensive.
Cattelan, 52, an Italian-born sculptor living in New York, is known for his controversial work. One of the most famous is “La Nona Ora” (“The Ninth Hour”) depicting Pope John Paul II being struck down by a meteorite.
Last month, Cattelan opened a show at the Center for Contemporary Art in Warsaw.
Most of the exhibits are displayed inside the museum, which is elsewhere in Warsaw. Only the praying Hitler has been placed in the middle of the former Jewish ghetto.
The Center for Contemporary Art has a description of Cattelan’s exhibition on its website: “In a Warsaw ravaged by the cataclysmic 20th century, Maurizio Cattelan’s works take on a particular dimension; they become an artistic commentary on the Catholic credo. What, in fact, does love thy enemy mean? What does forgive those who trespass against us mean? Evoking the traumas of history, they deal with memory and forgetfulness, good and evil.”
Cattelan’s decision to put the Hitler figure in the former Jewish ghetto has angered many in Poland, Jews and Christians alike. The organizers of the international film festival Human Docs being held in Poland and dedicated to human rights, have decided to hold a debate on the question “What’s Hitler up to in Poland? The moral impact of provocation in art.”
Historians and artists have tried to explain Cattelan’s decision to place the figure in one of the most sensitive places for Jews in Poland and to resolve the question of whether it is a legitimate art exhibit or an offensive provocation. Some said the kneeling figure appears to be vulnerable and ambiguous. On one hand, the hero is an icon of evil; on the other, the view of Hitler kneeling may evoke sympathy in the viewer. Viewing this object, they say, provokes mixed feelings.
A few days after the Hitler figure was placed in the yard of 14 Prozna Street, someone covered its face and hands in an attempt to obscure its identity, perhaps fearing the reaction it would produce.
Another sign of the strong emotions the figure has raised is that, despite there being no public access to the exhibit, the museum’s management has mounted 24-hour security around it.
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The rigorous challenges the Little Prince must face in Le Petit Prince, written by Antoine de Saint-Exupery, will change how he sees the rest of the world and views life. The challenges not only affect him, they affect everyone he meets and everyone that reads this story. He is a kind hearted boy who wants to get away from a rose he loves. As he travels and meets people he realizes he does miss his rose and his planet. The Little Prince learns many things during his travels that really make him grow up quickly. He is already in charge of his own planet, but he has not truly learned the lessons of life.
My favorite quote in the whole book is in Chapter 21 when the little Prince is saying goodbye to the fox. The fox says; “It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye. ” What he is saying is that beauty is not everything, what is on the inside truly matters. This quotation really helps me look at what is important. It is not about how nice of clothes a person has, or how their hair is styled, it is about how they view life and what they believe in. “All the men have the stars, but they are not the same things for different people. This quotation in chapter 26 relates to how the little Prince feels about his rose. She may not be one of a kind and the most beautiful rose, but she is his rose. The Prince cares for her, because of who she is deep down. He also cares for the narrator. The Little Prince wants to see the narrator be successful like when he encouraged him to fix his plane and to go back home. Also, to live his life to the fullest, and not to look with the eyes, but to look with the heart. The Little prince loves his flower with a love that cannot be described with words; it is a love that can be felt. That is why the little Prince must go back to her.
He loves her. He enjoys the narrator’s presence, but misses everything about his rose and now knows how to look at her, and handle her. The way the Little Prince dies is can be viewed as suicide to some because of the fact that he wants to die. But, he only wants to die so he can be with his flower and his home. He has a reason to go. To be home. The Prince is a young boy who knows lots of people, but is alone. The Little Prince is alone because he doesn’t get to know anyone on a deep level. He judges them before he gets to know them. But, doesn’t everyone do that? Does anyone really know who anybody is?
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Named "America's Best Interior Designer" by CNN and Time Magazine, the Ivy League-educated, Harlem-based designer Sheila Bridges has made quite a name for herself. And deservedly so. Bridges has designed spaces for countless high-profile figures, including the Harlem offices of former President Bill Clinton.
Sheila Bridges' work is unquestionably high-end but not ostentatious or fussy. And while her aesthetic could be described as "traditional" it is never staid, predictable, or conservative. Rather, Bridges artfully mixes old and new, elegance and comfort. And, as you see in these images, Bridges is not afraid of making bold statements with color, especially robust shades of blue and green. The rooms she decorates have a refined tone but are also very personal and original, full of artwork, unique accessories, and sumptuous textiles.
Bridges describe her eclectic style in the Washington Post:
"I would say that it is pretty classically driven but with many twists and turns that are a lot more modern. I'm a bit all over the map when it comes to my love of furniture — I am equally attracted to that cowhide Eames chair as I am to that neoclassical English sideboard."
Making Her Mark:
Screen: Bridges hosted four seasons of Sheila Bridges Designer Living on the FINE LIVING Network and continues to pop up on countless TV shows.
Print: Rooms designed by Bridges have appeared in pretty much any design magazine you can think of. She graces "top designer" lists and "designer spotlight" features in mags like House Beautiful and Elle Decor. Bridges is also the author of Furnishing Forward: A Practical Guide to Furnishing for a Lifetime.
Product: In 2007, Bridges launched her own line of furniture and home furnishings, Sheila Bridges Home, Inc. Her renowned Harlem Toile De Jouy wallpaper is a clever reinterpretation of the classic toile design. According to Sheila, the pattern "tells a rich yet satirical story about African American life through the often distorted lens of the media. I designed it to remind people of many of the stereotypes that have historically been and continue to be associated with African Americans living in rural parts of the country as well as urban areas like Harlem. " Also, while perusing the Tastemaker Tag Sales on One King's Lane this week I stumbled across Sheila's inspiring selections.
1. Elle Decor; Sheila Bridges; Sheila Bridges; Sheila Bridges
2. New York Social Diary
3. Elle Decor
4. Elle Decor
5. New York Social Diary
Images: As linked above.
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Russians in love.
"Thank you comrade for rescuing me from Nazism."
And don't forget them commies were once America's friends during WWII.
Which of course was an embarrassment at the end of the war so they created a witch hunt to purge commies from America.
After all as we all know in Uncle Joe's Russia then and still today, just like in Bonapartist Iran, there are no gays just happy peasants and the Glorious Soldiers of the Red Army.
Just like there were no Gay men or women in America until they were discovered after WWII.
Before Joseph McCarthy began his witch hunt began against commies in the U.S. State department he began with a witch hunt on homosexuals.
And of course homosexuals did not exist in America before they were publicly outed post WWII by McCarthy's HUAC. Because his witch hunt began before Kinsey published his studies on American Sexuality.
In fact thanks to HUAC's witch hunts the commies were some of the folks who then were active in creating the first Male Homosexual Society to fight for their rights; The Mattachine Society.
Like dear departed Harry Hay. Who was not only a communist but a Wobbly and a Pagan.
You can't hardly separate homosexuals from subversives ... A man of low morality is a menace to the government, whatever he is, and they are all tied up together. —Senator Wherry in New York Post, 1950 It may come as a surprise that the gay movement not only began in the 1950s, but that its founders were former communists and radicals. Harry Hay, who wrote the first call for a gay movement in 1948, had been a party member for 20 years, active in labor organizing and cultural work. The fact that these organizers had already spent most of their lives outside the mainstream no doubt prepared them for the risks involved in forming a gay organization. The modern gay movement in America began in Los Angeles, a city that symbolized the mobile, affluent lifestyle of Americans after the War. The Mattachine Foundation (to be distinguished from the post-1953 Mattachine Society) was formed in the winter of 1950 by a group of seven gay men gathered together by Hay. The name refers to the medieval Mattachines, troupes of men who traveled from village to village, taking up the cause of social justice in their ballads and dramas. By sharing and analyzing their personal experience as gay men, the Mattachine founders radically redefined the meaning of being gay and devised a comprehensive program for cultural and political liberation.
In 1951, Mattachine began sponsoring discussion groups. Years before women's “consciousness-raising groups,” Mattachine provided lesbians and gay men a similar opportunity to share openly, for the first time, their feelings and experiences.
So in effect the so called 'Gay Agenda' would never had come about if it weren't for Americas Uncle Joe, and his rabid anti-commie aide, Roy Cohn who was gay. Proving again that homophobia is created by self hate and denial. The Right Wing created the modern gay movement thanks to their need to repress freedom. Ironic eh?
And of course these folks who fought for Gay Rights in those dark days coincidentally came from the Left Coast, home to the Beats and the rising Youth Culture that would create a new American 'Counter Culture' in the Sixties. Influenced as they were by Kinsey and the rediscovery of earlier American Radicalism that the post war social amnesia of the Witch Hunts had failed to suppress.
The Daughters of Bilitis /bɪ’li:tis/ (DOB), considered to be the first lesbian rights organization in the United States, was formed in San Francisco, California in 1955. The group was conceived as a social alternative to lesbian bars, which were considered illegal and thus subject to raids and police harassment. It lasted for fourteen years and became a tool of education for lesbians, gay men, researchers, and mental health professionals.
As the DOB gained members, their focus shifted to providing support to women who were afraid to come out, by educating them about their rights and their history. Historian Lillian Faderman declared, "Its very establishment in the midst of witch-hunts and police harassment was an act of courage, since members always had to fear that they were under attack, not because of what they did, but merely because of who they were."
Daughters of Bilitis (D.O.B.) was founded in San Francisco, California in 1955. The name of the group comes from the book Song of Bilitis by French author Pierre Louy, which contains love poems between women. In 1955, the group only had eight members. In the years to come, the group grew considerably. D.O.B. provided a place for lesbians to meet outside the bars, documented their lives, and promoted civil rights. One of their most significant achievements was a national newsletter for lesbians, titled The Ladder. They soon started other U.S. chapters, and even one in Australia. D.O.B. held their first national convention in San Francisco in 1960.
For a time, Daughters of Bilitis and The Mattachine Society joined together in "Common Cause". Some women even wrote for Mattachine's ONE Magazine. As the women's movement began to grow in the U.S., it became apparent that the men of Mattachine showed little desire to champion women's issues. At the same time, the women's movement was not particularly welcoming. The National Organization for Women (N.O.W.) was afraid that lesbian involvement would only bring further hostility from the media and a male dominated world. They called lesbians "the lavender menace" and sought to eject them from the movement.
Revisionist history continues today in America in Tom Brokaw's new book on the Sixties that overlooks the importance of the Mattachine Society and the Lesbian; Daughters of Bilitis Society and the rise of the Gay Rights Movement. .
BOOM! Voices of the Sixties: Personal Reflections on the '60s and Today shares Brokaw's perspectives and personal accounts of 1960s issues including Vietnam and the civil rights movement.
One glaring Boomer-era omission, however, was the gay rights movement. Brokaw, on a recent CNN appearance, says that the gay rights movement "came later," and he didn't intend to slight the movement by not including it.
While the impact of the movement was marked notably in the late 1960s by the Stonewall riots, its momentum and progress were due in no small part to the work of Dr. Frank Kameny, who has written a letter to Brokaw and representatives of Random House Publishing Group.
"I write with no little indignation at the total absence of any slightest allusion to the gay movement for civil equality in your book 'Boom! Voices of the Sixties'. Your book simply deletes the momentous events of that decade which led to the vastly altered and improved status of gays in our culture today."
Ralph, a man approaching his eighties and one of my regulars at the Café, had a good chuckle when I told him about my research for this story. He said "I can answer that easily. The way we met in the old days was the three B’s: Balconies, Bushes and Baths; those are all gone now." Ralph stumbled into the gay scene in the ’50s by accident; he loved watching movies, especially John Wayne westerns. He was surprised by the number of people that would congregate in the dark balconies of the theaters. Then, when someone sat right next to him in an empty row he caught on. After that, Ralph became an avid moviegoer since that was the easiest way for him to meet other men.Even today America hides the truth about the history of the Gay Rights movement because it is not just the history of the counter culture but reveals that mass movements are the direct result of the Right Wing Political Agenda to suppress freedom. This is the dialectic in action. As Michael Focualt points out in his History of Sexuality; suppress human rights around sexuality and you create movements for human rights for sexual freedom.
Camille, in his 80s, spoke about the baths in New York City. He has a fondness for that era in the mid-’60s because "it provided a sanctuary where we could truly be ourselves. It was more than a place for sex, it was our entire social outlet. We could talk openly there but we couldn’t associate with one another in the real world. It was also a pure time, before AIDS entered the gay scene and changed everything."
Some men, especially those who grew up in rural areas, also spoke about "the bushes." Tom, a colleague in the Boston Gay Men’s Chorus, described growing up queer in Ohio in the early sixties as "not fun and very lonely." He heard rumors about the city park and that became the only means he could connect with other gay men. He said it was very dangerous and he was assaulted there once.
Clearly not all men met through sexual encounters back then. Some, like Jim, 74, sought out a socio-political gathering of gay men known as the Mattachine Society. He felt that finding the courage to attend that meeting was the only way to meet other men like himself.
The next generation of men I spoke with, the men who came out in the ’70s and ’80s, had new means available: personal ads and the bars. Although gay bars have been in existence for ages, people felt safer to venture out and frequent them, given the end of police raids thanks to Stonewall and the emerging gay rights movement.
That repression is something the right wing in Canada, America, Israel, Russia and Iran share in common to this day. And the fight for freedom is always counter to that agenda. Which is why the fight for gay rights is the fight for human rights.
Foucault argues that we generally read the history of sexuality since the 18th century in terms of what Foucault calls the "repressive hypothesis." The repressive hypothesis supposes that since the rise of the bourgeoisie, any expenditure of energy on purely pleasurable activities has been frowned upon. As a result, sex has been treated as a private, practical affair that only properly takes place between a husband and a wife. Sex outside these confines is not simply prohibited, but repressed. That is, there is not simply an effort to prevent extra-marital sex, but also an effort to make it unspeakable and unthinkable. Discourse on sexuality is confined to marriage.
The history of the world is none other than
the progress of the consciousness of freedom.
-George Hegel, 1821
Find blog posts, photos, events and more off-site about:
witch hunt, Joseph McCarthy, Harry Hay, Mattachine Society, HUAC, gay rights, the sixties, Russia, Daughters of Bilitis, homosexual agenda, communist agenda, gay, homosexuality, Tom Brokaw
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After 20 years of resistance training and progressing from newbies to intermediate and now advanced lifters, FFOver40 can honestly say nothing is more important to building a solid physique than practicing PERFECT FORM on all your lifts.
We can walk into any gym today and immediately point out 80% of all trainees executing lifts with poor form. Lack of bend in the knees, arching back and shoulders ,improper stances and grips, too much weight on the bar, will all hinder and prevent you from ever building a structurally sound and aesthetically pleasing physique.
It is very difficult to learn and execute proper form due to the powerful forces of EGO and MOMENTUM. If you can control and eliminate both from your training, there will be nothing stopping you from building a world class physique.
Unfortunately peer pressure is a mighty obstacle to many lifters who see their friends lifting heavy weights creating a “more is better” mindset. A mindset of always trying to add more weight to the bar instead of focusing on technique and maximum muscle fiber contraction is a sure way to prevent progress. What comes next are major muscle imbalances most noticeably over rotated front deltoids from ‘throwing, bouncing and avoiding full eccentric extension.
This often results in a misshapen upper body. Walk into any gym and notice the guys who appear to walk around with their shoulder girdles in a state of constant flex and you will know exactly what I’m describing. 😉
How does one learn to execute perfect form?
Poor form although very commonplace is easily corrected with a changed mindset of:
- Controlling rep speed and the resistance
There are many ways to learn, but the tried and true way is thru continuous practice in the gym. FFOver40 (Monica) learned from watching others execute lifts who had physiques she admired while Jay was on a never ending quest to master the principles of resistance training, kinesiology and biomechanics thru his voracious reading of books and studies written by exercise physiologists.
For an average trainee, it doesn’t hurt to ask questions and consult with folks in your gym about form and technique. And depending on your finances, you can always hire a personal trainer. You have to be careful as many trainers get into a rut of going thru the motions and not concerning themselves with your form. And most people reading this site know there are a lot more poor trainers than good ones. Choose wisely. There are also plenty of places on the web to watch videos of trainees executing correct form including Bodybuilding.com.
Lastly, let’s analyze our earlier statement:
Executing perfect form in a lift requires
VISUALIZATION-CONCENTRATION and CONTROLLING THE WEIGHT
Visualization requires you to picture yourself executing the movement beforehand and allowing your mind to truly see and feel the exercise before you perform it. Learn to harness the Mind Muscle Connection.
Concentration requires you to eliminate all distractions and focus 100% of your energy on finishing your exercise/set. A good set of wireless bluetooth headphones can help with this tremendously. You must also avoid chit chatting and using your cell phone.
Controlling the Weight requires you to always use a weight you can control , executing each rep and set in perfect form.
<NOTE> These principles are discussed in the “Mind Muscle Connection” in commandment #9 in our upcoming article The 10 Commandments of Physique Enhancement!
After saying all that, let’s be real. Nobody will learn to execute perfect form when exercising on the first day they enter a gym. It will take months and sometimes years of consistent and focused training to perfect your form.
If you try and remember the acronym V-C-C (Visualize-Concentrate and Control)and make it a focal point when performing your lifts, you will be well on your way to attaining the physique you seek.
Be the BEST YOU at Any Age!
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Power Plant Operator
Power plant operators are responsible for the control and operation of equipment and machinery that generates electric power in power generating plants. Operators are responsible for monitoring instruments and collecting data to regulate electricity output to meet demand.
Power plant operators are responsible for equipment troubleshooting and maintenance to ensure reliable operation.
Power plant operators may be classified by what type of power generating system they have been trained in such as: hydroelectric, fossil fuel, geothermal, nuclear, or solar.
Operators must be good problems solvers and stay alert to be able to notice and correct any issues that might arise in a timely manner.
Operators must have good computer skills in addition to accurate data collection, documentation and record-keeping skills.
Power plant operators may work in a variety of settings within a power plant. Operators spend most of their time working in a power plant’s control room, but they also spend time making rounds through the plant when performing inspections or maintenance. Since supplying electrical power is a 24-hour job, operators usually work on a continuous basis in rotating shifts.
Many states require power plant operators to hold special licensure or certification. Operators are required to attend continuing education courses to maintain their licenses.
Utility companies, electric power generating plants, private contractors.
Employers may only require a high school diploma along with an established minimum level of technical knowledge and experience. Most operators have attended career or technical school or have participated in extensive on-the-job training or apprenticeships. An associate degree or even bachelor’s degree might be required by some companies.
LINKS TO CAREER/INDUSTRY RESOURCES
Power Plant Operators, Distributors, and Dispatchers Career Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ug9QtgaRplo
Get into Energy Career Profile: Plant Operator: http://getintoenergy.com/plant-operator/
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW): http://www.ibew.org
American Public Power Association: https://www.publicpower.org/
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission: http://www.nrc.gov
O*NET Online: http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/51-8013.00
Photos courtesy Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Tennessee Valley Authority.
Get Into Energy / Get Into STEM is a ground-breaking program designed to build awareness among students, parents, teachers, guidance counselors, and others about the value of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education and the excellent career opportunities available in the energy industry.
Get Into Energy / Get Into STEM is managed by the Center for Energy Workforce Development (CEWD), a non-profit consortium of electric, natural gas, and nuclear utilities and their associations.
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CHINA attacked the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) yesterday for failing to represent the interests of developing countries. Long Yongtu, assistant minister at the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation, said in a speech to delegates of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) that this failing had been evident 'from the very first day, when GATT was born'. The attack comes as it becomes increasingly clear that China is expected to make more tariff reductions, and allow greater access to its markets, if it is to re-enter GATT and become a founder of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Two more ministers from Beijing are apparently being asked to go to Geneva to join the latest round of talks. Yu Xiaosong, deputy director of the State Economic and Trade Commission, and Gu Yongjiang, a vice-minister of foreign trade, may join the already 20-strong negotiating team in a bid to bolster China's ailing campaign. On the final day of the talks between China and the United States, it became clear that China's top trading partners still felt more work needed to be done. Mr Long said he felt he was being 'flexible', and that he had expanded China's offers in the services sector, which the West is particularly keen to enter. In his talks with the US, he said there seemed to be different interpretations of what constituted a new offer. He did agree that the imposition of the year-end cut-off point had begun to have a positive impact. 'During the past few days more and more delegations have begun to realise the seriousness of this decision, and the decision has begun to play a positive role in the negotiations,' Mr Long said. He also reiterated his belief that the continued exclusion of China from the WTO 'will jeopardise the effectiveness and universality of the world trading system.'
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Meet the takers: They took over their factory, they took on their bosses, they took the initiative to form a worker cooperative and today they’re taking the wraps off a brand-new worker-owned company: New Era Windows. It opened May 9 in Chicago.
The workers in this story are members of the same workforce who, when they received word that their plant was about to be closed with no notice at what was then the Republic Windows and Doors factory in 2008, occupied their plant and became a cause célèbre in a grim winter of mass layoffs. When they were laid off again in early 2012, by a second owner, they decided, as Apple would say, to “think different.” With encouragement from their union, the United Electrical, Radio & Machine Workers of America (UE), and The Working World, a progressive investment group that helps co-operative start-ups internationally, they formed a company, “New Era LLC.” New Era is 100 percent owned by workers and now, at last, open for business.
“We decided to make a co-op because we were tired of our life being in someone else’s hands,” window maker Melvin “Ricky” Macklin told GRITtv the day before the opening.
“When [Republic] closed we felt like it was the end of our lives…but we realized, we’re not nobody,” added co-worker/owner Armando Robles, president of the union local, UE 1110.
It hasn’t been easy. Last year the New Era team had to fight for several months even to be allowed to bid on the factory. After that came contract negotiations and a move to a cheaper new location. To save on expensive moving costs, workers shifted the equipment from their old plant, themselves, in eighty tractor trailer loads.
“There have been times that we weren’t sure that we were going to be able to get New Era off the ground,” recalled Macklin. “You need investors. Well, we didn’t have a lot of people knocking on the door to give us money.”
That’s where The Working World stepped in.
“We have to remember, it still has a long way to go,” says The Working World’s Brendan Martin. But the only way the company has been able to get launched in less than a year, he says, is because of the potential unleashed in the process of launching a cooperative. “If this were looked at by normal investment institutions, they’d have assumed it would cost $2-5 million to open a business like this. It’s been less than a million and the only reason for that is because that other $2-3 million of value has been brought by the workers.”
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How does Superman shave?Published on June 11th, 2013 | By: Jim Destefani
If you’ve been living under a rock, you may not be aware there’s a new “Superman” movie due out June 14. A trailer for Man of Steel shows a bearded Clark Kent followed by a clean-shaven Superman, thus prompting the question asked in the title of this post. Surely his whiskers, like the Man of Steel himself, must be basically indestructible?
Superfans know this question was addressed relatively early in Superman’s comic book incarnation. For the rest of us, Gillette (yes, the Boston-based purveyor of men’s grooming hardware and software—you knew there had to be a commercial tie-in here somewhere, right?) asked a handful of scientific-minded celebs to come up with their own answers.
Mayim Bialik, The Big Bang Theory actress who also holds a PhD in neuroscience from UCLA; actor, screenwriter, and comic book aficionado Kevin Smith; and Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman (TV’s “MythBusters”) rose to the occasion. So did Bill “the Science Guy” Nye. Trained as a mechanical engineer, Nye has made a career out of popularizing basic science education on both his own television show and in many appearances in the popular media.
All responded with videos explaining their theories on the topic, but it’s Nye who came up with the answer we like. His “Materials Science Theory” postulates that Superman could simply grind his whiskers away without damaging his face.
“In materials science, you can shape or cut things using materials that are not necessarily harder or stronger than the stuff you’re cutting,” Nye explains in this video. “So maybe there’s a feature of Superman’s beard that’s brittle. At the microscopic level, it has asperities and roughness, and his grinder is able to knock over these pieces of whisker even though the thing that’s knocking them over is not really any harder than the whisker. It’s just got a wider, stronger footprint.”
“This is a subtle, fabulous materials science thing that Superman doesn’t shave his beard by cutting it, he shaves it by grinding it without damaging his skin,” Nye concludes.
You can see all the videos, and vote for your favorite, here.
Back to Video Archive Page
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The estimated gold treasure may not have been found in the Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh, but an old gold treasure has definitely been found in Tamil Nadu. This entire treasure is found during excavation around a temple.
Actually, the case is of the Jambukeshwar temple located at Thiruvanaikaval in Tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu, during the excavation, a copper matka was found at a depth of 7 feet, 505 gold coins weighing 1.71 kg were found in it.
News agency ANI has shared pictures of gold coins. In which it can be seen that gold coins are kept inside a copper vessel. The temple administration said that there is something written in Arabic language on these coins.
According to the temple administration, excavation work was going on in the Jambukeshwar temple, then an urn was shown. When you opened it, you found gold coins in it. As soon as the temple administration got information about this, they immediately informed the police.
The police reached the spot, took the pitcher in its possession, the gold coins found in the pitcher have some written on them in Arabic language, at the moment the price of the coins has not been disclosed.
The official said that out of 505 coins, 504 coins are of similar size, while another coin is bigger than the rest. These coins are said to be 1000 to 1200 years old, their estimated value has been estimated at around 68 lakh rupees.
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